cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
■ FEATURED POSTER Time for an intervention? The current state of medical student interventional radiology education

Learning Objectives What is the current state of IR education in medical schools? What trends exist in IR education and how can these trends focus future efforts of IR student education? Background Many have evaluated medical student understanding and perceptions of IR. However, to our knowledge, there has never been a national U.S. survey that assessed the status of IR education on the medical student level. In 2011, members of the IR Medical Student Council (IRMSC), which is housed under the Student and Resident Committee of SIR, sent separate electronic surveys to medical school students and administrators across the U.S. Three reminder surveys were sent with the collection period lasting from 9/2011-2/2012. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details A total of 49 responses were obtained from medical students (n=25) and administrators (n=24) representing 44 unique institutions. Of these responders, 85% (42/49) stated they had a radiology interest group whereas only 12% (6/49) stated they had an IR interest group (IRIG). Moreover, only 24% (12/49) said there is pre-clinical (MSI-II) exposure to IR. Only 8% (2/24) of administrators claimed clinical (MSIII-IV) requirements in IR education. Additionally, 96% (24/25) of students stated that an IR website would be informative. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points There is a paucity of IR-related education at the medical student level. The discordance in the prevalence of the two interest groups and lack of required clinical exposure suggest two areas on which to focus future efforts. The IRMSC is actively forming new IRIGs at institutions around the country. Members are also developing an IR website and Facebook page to meet the demands of the 96% of students who said such a resource would be informative. In addition, with such little IR exposure in the pre-clinical setting, Council members have recruited IRs to give lectures ranging from anatomy to hosting ultrasound-guided procedure workshops. It is important to continue such collaboration in order to ensure an efficient transition between identifying ways to increase IR exposure on the medical school campus and implementing these ideas into tangible educational resources.
The enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-[2(n)-3H]homocysteine.

A rapid, efficient method is described for the enzymatic conversion of S-adenosyl-l-[2(n)-3H]methionine to S-adenosyl-l-[2(n)-3H]homocysteine. Partially purified glycine N-methyltransferase is used in the reaction which yields 98% conversion. The product is purified using high-pressure liquid chromatography and is concentrated by lyophilization. S-Adenosyl-l-[2(n)-3H]homocysteine synthesized by this method is an active substrate for S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase. A novel assay procedure for SAH hydrolase is also described, in which unreacted S-adenosyl-l-[2(n)-3H]homocysteine is removed by adsorption to dextran-coated charcoal.
Performance of non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication receiver in ISI channel

The performance of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communication receiver has been analyzed under an assumption of no inter-symbol interference (ISI) in the literature. However, ISI may become detrimental when the data rate increases in a multiple scattering UV channel. We consider relatively high data rate and develop a performance model with the ISI effect due to channel delay spread. Both analytical derivation and newly reported experimental results on impulse response and path loss are introduced and incorporated. The results reveal the close connection between bit error rate (BER) performance and data rate in different transmit/receive geometry, and the power penalty compared with that of an ISI-free system.
Variability of Cloud Vertical Structure during ASTEX Observed from a Combination of Rawinsonde, Radar, Ceilometer, and Satellite

The macroscale cloud vertical structure (CVS), including cloud-base and -top heights and layer thickness, and characteristics of multilayered clouds, is studied at Porto Santo Island during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) by using rawinsonde, radar, ceilometer, and satellite data. The comparisons of CVS parameters obtained from four different approaches show that 1) by using the method developed by Wang and Rossow rawinsonde observations (raob’s) can sample all low clouds and determine their boundaries accurately, but oversample low clouds by about 10%, mistaking clear moist layers for clouds; 2) cloud-base heights less than 200 m in the radar data are ambiguous, but can be replaced by the values measured by ceilometer ; and 3) the practical limit on the accuracy of marine boundary layer cloud-top heights retrieved from satellites appears to be about 150‐300 m mainly due to errors in specifying the atmospheric temperature and humidity in the inversion layer above the cloud. The vertical distribution of clouds at Porto Santo during ASTEX is dominated by low clouds below 3 km, a cloud-free layer between 3 and 4 km, and ;20% high clouds with a peak occurrence around 7‐8 km. Low clouds have mean base and top heights of 1.0 km and 1.4 km, respectively, and occur as single layers 90% of the time. For double-layered low clouds, the tops of the uppermost layers and the bases of the lowermost layers have similar distributions as those of single-layered clouds. The temporal variations of low clouds during ASTEX are apparently dominated by advecting mesoscale (20‐200 km) horizontal variations. Coherent time variations are predominately synoptic (timescale 4.5‐6.8 days) and diurnal variability. On the diurnal timescale, all cloud properties show maxima in the early morning (around 0530 LST) decreasing to minima in the late afternoon. Diurnal variations appear to be altered when high clouds are present above low clouds. The general characteristics of CVS in three ASTEX and the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE87) regions derived from a 20-yr rawinsonde dataset are also presented. The results suggest that CVS characteristics obtained from data collected at Porto Santo during ASTEX (June 1992) are not representative of other marine stratiform cloud regions.
A TYPOLOGY OF DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIORS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING STUDY

In this study, we developed a typology of deviant workplace behaviors using multidimensional scaling techniques. Results suggest that deviant workplace behaviors vary along two dimensions: minor versus serious, and interpersonal versus organizational. On the basis of these two dimensions, employee deviance appears to fall into four distinct categories: production deviance, property deviance, political deviance, and personal aggression. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.
Swing of the pendulum: Optimizing functional outcomes in larynx cancer

For years, total laryngectomy was the only treatment option for patients with intermediate to advanced laryngeal cancer. Over the past two decades, great progress has been made in the management of this disease, with multimodality approaches aimed at laryngeal preservation reshaping the treatment landscape. In the era of chemoradiation, greater focus and attention are now directed toward functional laryngeal preservation—not simply “organ preservation.” The continued development and integration of new treatment approaches, including organ preservation surgery (eg, transoral minimally invasive surgery of the head and neck, supracricoid partial laryngectomy), intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and targeted molecular therapies, offer the potential to improve clinical outcomes, function, and quality of life. Incorporation of these new approaches advances the concept of personalized medicine, with treatment strategies tailored to the circumstances and future of each patient.
A temporal requirement for Hippo signaling in mammary gland differentiation, growth, and tumorigenesis

Despite recent progress, the physiological role of Hippo signaling in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. Here we show that the Hippo pathway is functionally dispensable in virgin mammary glands but specifically required during pregnancy. In contrast to many other tissues, hyperactivation of YAP in mammary epithelia does not induce hyperplasia but leads to defects in terminal differentiation. Interestingly, loss of YAP causes no obvious defects in virgin mammary glands but potently suppresses oncogene-induced mammary tumors. The selective requirement for YAP in oncogenic growth highlights the potential of YAP inhibitors as molecular targeted therapies against breast cancers.
The Role of Rumination in Elevating Perceived Stress in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Rumination has been shown to be important in both the maintenance and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Increased rumination has also been linked to perceptions of increased stress, which in turn are significantly associated with increased PTSD severity. The present study sought to examine this relationship in more detail by means of a mediation analysis. Forty-nine female survivors of interpersonal violence who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria for PTSD were administered the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results indicated that perceived stress mediates the relationship between rumination and PTSD, but did not do so after controlling for depression. Such results provide further evidence for the overlap between PTSD and MDD, and, in broader clinical practice, translate to a sharper focus on rumination and perceived stress as maintenance factors in both disorders.
Recognizing string graphs in NP

A string graph is the intersection graph of a set of curves in the plane. Each curve is represented by a vertex, and an edge between two vertices means that the corresponding curves intersect. We show that string graphs can be recognized in NP. The recognition problem was not known to be decidable until very recently, when two independent papers established exponential upper bounds on the number of intersections needed to realize a string graph [18, 20]. These results implied that the recognition problem lies in NEXP. In the present paper we improve this by showing that the recognition problem for string graphs is in NP, and therefore NP-complete, since Kratochvil [12] showed that the recognition problem is NP-hard. The result has consequences for the computational complexity of problems in graph drawing, and topological inference.
Generalized Voxel Coloring

Image-based reconstruction from randomly scattered views is a challenging problem. We present a new algorithm that extends Seitz and Dyer's Voxel Coloring algorithm. Unlike their algorithm, ours can use images from arbitrary camera locations. The key problem in this class of algorithms is that of identifying the images from which a voxel is visible. Unlike Kutulakos and Seitz's Space Carving technique, our algorithm solves this problem exactly and the resulting reconstructions yield better results in our application, which is synthesizing new views. One variation of our algorithm minimizes color consistency comparisons; another uses less memory and can be accelerated with graphics hardware. We present efficiency measurements and, for comparison, we present images synthesized using our algorithm and Space Carving.
Crater relaxation on Ganymede: Implications for ice rheology

Controversy has existed over whether or not viscous relaxation is an important process on the icy satellites. Previous models involved large extrapolations of Newtonian flow laws for ice, whereas ice is known to exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. Recently, the flow law parameters for ice at the appropriate temperatures and stresses have been measured. Numerical modeling of the viscous relaxation of basins on Ganymede using these parameters has given implausibly short relaxation times. However, this model treated ice as a purely viscous substance, so that no elastic lithosphere could develop near the surface. Here, ice is treated as a Maxwell visco-elastic material and numerically model the relaxation of basins on Ganymede. It is found that realistic Young's moduli lead to little relaxation occurring in basins even 4.0 Ga after their formation. Further, it is shown that within braod limits the near surface temperature gradient has little effect on this result. Finally, examination of the distribution of Maxwell times in the vicinity of the crater shows that most viscous relaxation occurs early in the basin's history when stresses are high, and thus Maxwell time is short. As stresses are relieved, the Maxwell time becomes long, and relaxation essentially ceases.
Fluid mobility and frequency-dependent seismic velocity — Direct measurements

The influence of fluid mobility on seismic velocity dispersion is directly observed in laboratory measurements from seismic to ultrasonic frequencies. A forceddeformation system is used in conjunction with pulse transmission to obtain elastic properties at seismic strain amplitude (10 −7 ) from 5 Hz to 800 kHz. Varying fluid types and saturations document the influence of pore-fluids. The ratio of rock permeability to fluid viscosity defines mobility, which largely controls pore-fluid motion and pore pressure in a porous medium. High fluid mobility permits pore-pressure equilibrium either between pores or between heterogeneous regions, resulting in a low-frequency domain where Gassmann’s equations are valid. In contrast, low fluid mobility can produce strong dispersion, even within the seismic band. Here, the low-frequency assumption fails. Since most rocks in the general sedimentary section have very low permeability and fluid mobility (shales, siltstones, tight limestones, etc.), most rocks are not in the lowfrequency domain, even at seismic frequencies. Only those rocks with high permeability (porous sands and carbonates) will remain in the low-frequency domain in the seismic or sonic band.
Self-adaptive disk arrays

We present a disk array organization that adapts itself to successive disk failures. When all disks are operational, all data are mirrored on two disks. Whenever a disk fails, the array reorganizes itself, by selecting a disk containing redundant data and replacing these data by their exclusive or (XOR) with the other copy of the data contained on the disk that failed. This will protect the array against any single disk failure until the failed disk gets replaced and the array can revert to its original condition. Hence data will remain protected against the successive failures of up to one half of the original number of disks, provided that no critical disk failure happens while the array is reorganizing itself. As a result, our scheme achieves the same access times as a mirrored organization under normal operational conditions while having a much lower likelihood of loosing data under abnormal conditions. In addition it tolerates much longer repair times than mirrored disk arrays.
The effect of playing surface on the incidence of ACL injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association American Football

BACKGROUND: Artificial playing surfaces are widely used for American football practice and competition and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common. This study analyzed the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) men's football ACL injury database from 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 to determine the effect of playing surface on ACL injury in NCAA footballathletes. METHODS: This database was reviewed from the 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 seasons using the specific injury code, "Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) complete tear." The injury rate was computed for competition and practice exposures. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated using assumptions of a Poisson distribution. Pair-wise, two-sample tests of equality of proportions with a continuity correction were used to estimate the associations of risk factors. RESULTS: There was an incidence rate of 1.73 ACL injuries per 10,000 athlete-exposures (A-Es) (95% CI 1.47-2.0) on artificial playing surfaces compared with a rate of 1.24 per 10,000 A-Es (1.05-1.45, p Language: en
Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction With Nonpharmacologic Strategies in a Medicaid Cohort

Background The quality of health care after myocardial infarction (MI) may be lacking; in particular, guidelines for nonpharmacologic interventions (cardiac rehabilitation, smoking cessation) may receive insufficient priority. We identified gaps between secondary prevention guidelines and ambulatory care received by Medicaid enrollees after an MI. Methods MI survivors were selected by using 2004 Washington State Medicaid administrative claims. Deidentified data were abstracted for hospitalizations, ambulatory care, and prescriptions for 365 days after the MI. Cox regression analysis compared utilization of guideline-directed secondary prevention strategies with death and recurrent hospitalization. Results The sample size was 372. Fifty patients died during the year after the MI, and 144 were rehospitalized. Only 2 patients attended a cardiac rehabilitation program. Tobacco cessation counseling was associated with a 66% reduction in death, but only 72.6% of smokers were counseled. Less than half (45.4%) of patients saw a primary care provider within 90 days of their MI, and 7.5% never contacted a health care provider. Receiving regular primary care was associated with a decreased risk for death (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.97, P < .01). A protective trend was associated with care by a cardiologist, but only 21.5% received specialist care. Conclusion Analysis of Medicaid claims data suggests rates of secondary prevention are less than optimal. To improve survival and reduce rehospitalization after an MI, policy changes (tobacco cessation benefits, expansion of rehabilitation programs), health care capacity (training, referral patterns, and coordination of care), and improvements to access (removing barriers, increasing facilities, targeting minority populations) could be implemented.
Contingent reinforcement sustains post-detoxification abstinence from multiple drugs: a preliminary study with methadone patients.

Abstract This study examined the efficacy of a urinalysis-based contingency management program for preventing relapse to abused drugs following a brief residential detoxification. Fourteen methadone maintenance patients who were chronic benzodiazepine users were enrolled in a 7-day inpatient benzodiazepine detoxification and randomly assigned to receive Contingency Management ( N =7) or Standard Care ( N =7) therapy upon return to outpatient methadone treatment. In the Contingency Management condition, a methadone take-home dose or a US $25 voucher (patient's choice) could be earned for each urine sample submitted on a Monday, Wednesday or Friday that was free of opiates, cocaine and benzodiazepines. Data analysis and interpretation focused on within-group post-hoc differences due to group differences on employment and legal status, potentially confounding baseline variables. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that Contingency Management patients submitted significantly more drug-free urine samples during the intervention compared to pre-detoxification ( p
Distribution of pathogens in central line-associated bloodstream infections among patients with and without neutropenia following chemotherapy: evidence for a proposed modification to the current surveillance definition.

Objective. Many bloodstream infections (BSIs) occurring in patients with febrile neutropenia following cytotoxic chemotherapy are due to translocation of intestinal microbiota. However, these infections meet the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definition of central line–associated BSIs (CLABSIs). We sought to determine the differences in the microbiology of NHSN-defined CLABSIs in patients with and without neutropenia and, using these data, to propose a modification of the CLABSI definition.Design. Retrospective review.Setting. Two large university hospitals over 18 months.Methods. All hospital-acquired BSIs occurring in patients with central venous catheters in place were classified using the NHSN CLABSI definition. Patients with postchemotherapy neutropenia (500 neutrophils/mm3 or lower) at the time of blood culture were considered neutropenic. Pathogens overrepresented in the neutropenic group were identified to inform development of a modified CLABSI definition.Results. Organisms that were m...
Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer Analysis of Pin-Bushing System With Oscillatory Motion: Theory and Experiment

A three-dimensional computational thermal contact model is developed. The approach utilizes a combination of the transfer matrix and finite element methods. The frictional heat generated at the contact interface is instantaneously partitioned between the bushing and the shaft. Two methods to couple the heat and temperature at the contact interface are presented. One method automatically accounts for the heat division between contacting bodies by satisfying the heat equilibrium and temperature continuity at interactive surfaces. The other method introduces a fictitious layer between contacting bodies with a specified gap conductance to partition the frictional heat. Application of the model to the heat transfer analysis of journal bearing systems experiencing oscillatory motion is presented. Nonuniformly distributed frictional heat along the axial direction is considered. The model is capable of predicting the transient temperature field for journal bearings. It can also be used to determine the maximum contact temperature, which is difficult to be measured experimentally. Comparison of the simulated resulted along with experimental tests conducted in a laboratory is presented.
Rapid application of lightweight formal methods for consistency analyses

Lightweight formal methods promise to yield modest analysis results in an extremely rapid manner. To fulfil this promise, they must be able to work with existing information sources, be able to analyze for manifestly desirable properties, be highly automated (especially if dealing with voluminous amounts of information), and be readily customizable and flexible in the face of emerging needs and understanding. Two pilot studies investigate the feasibility of lightweight formal methods that employ a database as the underlying reasoning engine to perform the analyses. The first study concerns aspects of software module interfaces, while the second concerns test logs' adherence to required and expected conditions.
Relation of dyspnea in patients unable to perform exercise stress testing to outcome and myocardial ischemia.

Limited information exists regarding the significance of dyspnea in patients who are unable to exercise and the contribution of myocardial ischemia to this symptom. To assess this, we evaluated results of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) and long-term outcome of patients with dyspnea referred for DSE. We studied 6,376 consecutive patients who were unable to perform an exercise test and were referred for DSE. Patients were classified according to presenting symptoms and followed for 5.5 ± 2.8 years. End points were cardiac ischemic events (myocardial infarction or revascularization), hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and death. Dobutamine stress echocardiogram was positive for ischemia in 19% of patients with dyspnea versus 24% (p = 0.002) of those with typical angina and 17% (p = 0.2) of asymptomatic patients. In multivariate analysis, risk of death was increased in dyspneic patients versus asymptomatic patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, p = 0.02) and patients with chest pain (HR 1.20, p <0.001). Hospitalization for HF occurred more often in patients with dyspnea (HR 1.26, p = 0.05 vs asymptomatic; HR 1.24, p = 0.06 vs chest pain), especially in the subset without previous HF (HR 1.45, p = 0.006 vs chest pain). Risk of cardiac ischemic events in patients with dyspnea was similar versus asymptomatic patients (HR 0.92, p = 0.39) and decreased versus patients with chest pain (HR 0.70, p <0.001). In conclusion, in patients referred for DSE, dyspnea was associated with a poor outcome. This increased hazard seems not to be linked to myocardial ischemia, but instead to HF and death.
A Review of Self-Determination Literature Implications for Practitioners

A review of the published literature on self-determination and self-advocacy was conducted to determine implications for practitioners who are interested in implementing various curricula. Articles on self-determination and self-advocacy published between 1992 and 1999 were reviewed. None of these articles were directly related to student-led Individualized Education Programs. Results of the research studies documenting the impact on developing curricula for self-determination are described.
Investigating protection of approach lighting systems (ALS) against electrical surges

This paper presents simulation and experimental testing being performed on electrical protection systems for Approach Lighting System (ALS) used in major US airports. The main focus of the investigations is to validate selected protection topology needed to safeguard critical Individual Control Cabinet (ICC) used by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in their ALS. The approach used is based on (a) selection of appropriate protection topology, (b) simulation of protection systems with practical ground resistance sensitivity values, and (c) testing of a scaled model based on laboratory setup and testing. PSpice(r) simulation was used to provide insights to ALS protection. The experimental work via hands-on destructive tests is being used to provide practical results to confirm the effectiveness of suggested protection schemes. The results obtained are consistent with the minimum design requirements.
Daily stress reactivity and serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) variation: internalizing responses to everyday stress as a possible transdiagnostic phenotype.

Background Recent studies examining the interaction between the 5-HTTLPR locus in the serotonin transporter gene and life stress in predicting depression have yielded equivocal results, leading some researchers to question whether 5-HTTLPR variation indeed regulates depressive responses to stress. Two possible sources of inconsistent data in this literature are imprecise stress assessment methodologies and a restricted focus on depression phenotypes as the outcome of interest, as opposed to transdiagnostic emotional symptoms such as internalizing and externalizing dimensions. The present study aimed to address these critical limitations in prior research by examining how 5-HTTLPR acts in concert with idiographically assessed daily life stress to predict transdiagnostic emotional outcomes.
Seasonal changes in thermal environment and metabolic enzyme activity in the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin).

article i nfo Keywords: Physiology Metabolism Dormancy Season Temperature Downregulation Q10 Diamondback terrapins experience broad fluctuations in temperature on both a daily and seasonal basis in their estuarine environment. We measured metabolic enzyme activity in terrapin muscle tissue to assess thermal dependence and the role of temperature in seasonal metabolic downregulation in this species. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), citrate synthase (CS), and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) was assayed at 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C for tissue collected during summer and winter. The Q10 for enzyme activity varied between 1.31 and 2.11 within the temperature range at which terrapins were active (20-40 °C). The Q10 for LDH, CS, and CCO varied between 1.39 and 1.76 and between 10 and 20 °C, but PK exhibited heightened thermal sensitivity within this lower temperature range, with a Q10 of 2.90 for summer- collected tissue and 5.55 for winter-collected tissue. There was no significant effect of season on activity of LDH or PK, but activity of CS and CCO was significantly lower in winter-collected tissue compared with summer-collected tissue. Results indicate that temperature effects contribute to seasonal metabolic downregulation and dormancy in terrapins, but other environmental factors (i.e. oxygen availability), as well as seasonal shifts in blood biochemistry and circulating hormones may also play an important role.
Plastic surgery residents' attitudes and understanding of biostatistics: a pilot study.

Objective To assess plastic surgery residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and comfort with biostatistics. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Participants A total of 22 plastic surgery residents (91% response rate) completed the study. Results The study sample consisted of 18 residents in the integrated training path and 4 in the independent training track and was equally divided between junior and senior residents. Most respondents (>54%) had taken at least 1 course in biostatistics or epidemiology. More than 90% of residents reported reading at least 1 plastic surgical journal on a regular basis (mean 2.1 ± 1.5 journals/month). Most residents expressed a desire to learn more about biostatistics (68.2%), reported using statistical information in forming clinical opinions (86.3%), and placed a high value on knowledge of biostatistics in appraising the surgical literature (90.9%). However, only 45% of respondents reported being able to understand all the statistical terms encountered in journal articles. Only 50% of respondents felt comfortable with assessing whether the appropriate statistical tests were used to answer a research question. In case studies, the mean percentage of correct responses was 53.0 ± 24.5% (range: 0-83.3). Higher performance scores were associated with a prior course in biostatistics (p = 0.04) and the number of journals read monthly (p = 0.003). Respondents had difficulty with study design (45.5% correct), analysis of variance (45.5% correct), time to event analysis (9.1% correct), and interpreting a 95% confidence interval (45.5% correct). The number of correct responses strongly correlated with respondent confidence in biostatistics (r = 0.70, p Conclusion Plastic surgery residents place a high degree of importance on biostatistics but have only a fair understanding of core statistical concepts.
Hepatitis B Vaccination in Six STD Clinics in the United States Committed to Integrating Viral Hepatitis Prevention Services

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is vaccine-preventable. An estimated 1.25 million Americans have chronic HBV infection, which can lead to lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer, and death.1 The primary routes of HBV transmission in the U.S. are through sexual contact with an infected partner and percutaneously via contaminated needles or syringes (e.g., illicit injection drug use). Of the total number of people with acute HBV infection reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1982 to 1998, 36% had been previously treated for a sexually transmitted disease (STD).2 Recognizing the public health importance of hepatitis B vaccination, CDC's 2002 STD treatment guidelines recommended for the first time that all unvaccinated adults being seen in STD clinics should be considered at high risk for HBV infection and receive hepatitis B vaccination.3 This recommendation was reinforced in CDC's 2006 STD treatment guidelines and 2006 strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus in the United States.4,5 Furthermore, one of CDC's Healthy People 2010 objectives recommends that 90% of public STD clinics nationwide offer hepatitis B vaccination to all clients.6 Although there has been some progress in vaccinating clients of public STD clinics,7 as of 2001, only 26% of STD clinic program managers reported that all clients attending these clinics were eligible for vaccination—a notable increase from 9% in 1997, but far short of the 90% goal.8 This article examines trends in hepatitis B vaccination from as early as 1997 to 2005 in six STD clinics in the United States that were committed to integrating viral hepatitis prevention services—including hepatitis A and B vaccination and hepatitis C virus (HCV) counseling, testing, and referral—with existing clinical services. It also provides insights from senior STD clinic staff on hepatitis B vaccination efforts and trends.
The Development of Plane and Initially Axisymmetric Laminar Wakes Generated by Bodies Moving Beneath a Free Surface

In a recent article [1], the author demonstrated that the viscous wake of a body moving on or beneath the free surface of a fluid satisfies the parabolic Navier-Stokes equations with plane of symmetry boundary conditions at the free surface. The present paper examines the consequences of this result on the asymptotic development of plane and initially axisymmetric laminar wakes generated by bodies moving beneath the free surface.
RADIATIVE ELECTRON CAPTURE IN $sup 54$Mn AND $sup 51$Cr.

The continuous spectrum of photons accompanying the allowed electron-capture transition from $^{54}\mathrm{Mn}$ to the first excited state in $^{54}\mathrm{Cr}$, as well as that from $^{51}\mathrm{Cr}$ to the first excited state in $^{51}\mathrm{V}$ have been measured in coincidence with the nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the deexcitation of these states. The end-point energy of the spectrum from $^{54}\mathrm{Mn}$ was determined to be 518 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8 keV, which is somewhat at variance with the value 537 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4 keV calculated from accepted mass differences. The probability of radiative capture relative to ordinary nonradiative capture was determined to be (15.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.8) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ for $^{54}\mathrm{Mn}$ in the energy range 82-515 keV. This is considerably larger than the value 10.9 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ predicted by the relativistic theory of Martin and Glauber. The shape of the photon spectrum is nevertheless in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. For $^{51}\mathrm{Cr}$ the end point was determined to be 424 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 16 keV in excellent agreement with accepted mass differences. The relative rate of radiative capture with a photon energy greater than 130 keV was determined to be (7.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.4) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, in disagreement with the theoretical value of 5.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, while the spectrum shape agrees excellently with the theory. A survey of the experimental verification of the Martin and Glauber theory is presented.
Ideological Donors, Contribution Limits, and the Polarization of American Legislatures

This article demonstrates that limits on campaign contributions—which alter a candidate’s ability to raise money from certain types of donors—affect the ideologies of legislators in office. Using a...
Neutron Scattering, Momentum Distributions and Final State Effects

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the atomic momentum distribution, the atomic kinetic energy and other single atom properties in quantum liquids and liquid neon are presented. The data were taken on the MARI instrument at ISIS and analyzed using a new method. The measurements have sufficient precision to show that n(k) in a normal Bose liquid differs significantly and unambiguously from the classical, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The final state broadening function is also extracted from the data and found to be similar in liquid 3He and 4He.
Fever, dyspnea, and hepatitis in an Iraq veteran.

About 8 weeks after returning home, he presents with a cough, myalgia, headaches, fever, chills, drenching night sweats, and dyspnea on exertion. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Effects of ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis on bile flow and biliary excretion of estradiol and estradiol glucuronide by the rat.

SummaryThe effects of ethinylestradiol treatment on bile flow and biliary excretion of bromsulfophthalein, estradiol, and estradiol glucuronide in the rat were studied. One day following 9 days of 0.5 mg of ethinylestradiol treatment, bile duct cannulation and femoral vein catheterization were carried out. From that time until the end of study, bile flow was strikingly reduced in the estrogen-treated animals to less than 50% of that in the control group. One day following surgery, studies of biliary excretion were performed revealing a markedly diminished biliary excretion of radioactivity from intravenously administered tracer doses of both estradiol and estradiol glucuronide in the treated animals. The effect of estrogen treatment on bile flow and estrogen excretion in the bile is similar to that previously observed for bromsulfophthalein clearance. Possible mechanisms of estrogen action and implications in human estrogen-induced cholestasis are discussed.
The Relationship of Urinary Kallikrein Activity to Renal Salt and Water Excretion

Summary 1. We measured urinary kaUikrein (kininogenin) excretion in black and white normotensive subjects during a variety of manipulations of salt and water balance. 2. A large intravenous saline load administered while the subjects were on an unrestricted sodium diet did not significantly change urinary kaUikrein activity in either racial group. 3. After several days of dietary sodium restric­ tion both racial groups increased their urinary kaUikrein activity. An intravenous water load given then further increased urinary kaUikrein activity. White subjects were studied for an additional 24 h period, and urinary kaUikrein activity returned to pre-water load values, indicating that the excretion of a water load in sodium-deplet ed subjects is associated with an increase in kaUikrein excretion. 4. Black subjects excreted less kaUikrein in the urine than white subjects during the initial 24 h periods of unrestricted dietary sodium intake, but there were no other significant racial differences during the other experimental conditions.
Adhesive interface and microtensile bond strength evaluation of four adhesive systems to primary dentin

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength and the adhesive interface of four adhesive systems to primary dentin. Methods Sixteen sound human primary molars were ground flat to expose dentin and randomly divided into four experimental groups according to the different adhesive material evaluated: three self-etching systems (Clearfil™ Protect Bond, Clearfil™ S 3 Bond Plus and Futurabond ® U) and one etch-and-rinse system (Prime&Bond ® NT). The adhesives were applied under manufacturer's instructions and the crowns “restored” with a composite resin (Synergy ® D6). The “restored” teeth were then cross-sectioned to obtain sticks. Each stick was evaluated using a microtensile test in a universal testing machine. Additionally, eighteen dentin samples from four temporary molars were prepared for dentin conditioning and interface morphology evaluation using scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and a Tukey HSD test (confidence level of 95%). Results ClearfilTMS 3 Bond Plus (47,28 MPa), Prime&Bond ® NT (43.11 MPa) and Clearfil™ Protect Bond (40.33 MPa), presented the highest adhesion values without statistical differences. Futurabond ® U bond strengths (35.16 MPa) was statistically similar to Clearfil™ Protect Bond ( p = 0.271) but significantly lower from Prime&Bond ® NT ( p = 0.022) and Clearfil™ S 3 Bond Plus ( p Conclusions Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, some self-etch adhesives may be capable of producing high bond strengths to primary dentin, similar to the etch-and-rinse adhesive evaluated.
A Bacterium Dysentery Outbreak in A School

objective By investing and analyzing symptoms of abdominal pain,diarrhea and tenesmus as the main indexes of school gathered epidemic situation,to understand the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery.Methods Epidemiological survey on resident students and nonresident students,diners and non-diners was conducted.Samples of anus swab and bacteriology laboratory test were tested.Results The number of students with morbidity was 39,with an attack rate of 14.4%.The attacked students were all for the school dining room repast.The attack rate of resident students was higher than that of nonresident students;students who did not repast at school were without this disease.The 8 students tested with anus swab were all with Shigella sonnei,without a second generation case.Conclusion The school canteen food or utensils contaminant caused by the Shigella sonnei bacteria.The control measures were timely and forceful.Winter still needs to be vigilant for bacterium dysentery epidemic.
Preventive Health Care for Men Who Have Sex with Men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise at least 4% of males in the United States. MSM may describe themselves as gay, bisexual, or heterosexual. Because current medical practice does not always facilitate discussion of sexual behaviors, this group of men may face barriers to receiving culturally competent, comprehensive health care, including preventive services. Barriers include a lack of a welcoming clinical environment, lack of adequate health insurance, and sexual minority stress. Health issues that have a disproportionate impact on MSM include mental health and behavioral problems, smoking and illicit substance use, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Family physicians must be prepared to ask explicit questions about sexual activities to determine risk levels for STIs. MSM should receive the same immunizations routinely recommended for other patients, as well as for hepatitis A and B viruses. Although anal Papanicolaou testing is available to screen for cytologic abnormalities, there are no consistent guidelines about its effectiveness. Preexposure prophylaxis is an option for MSM who are at very high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For MSM who are not taking preexposure prophylaxis and report a recent high-risk exposure to HIV, postexposure prophylaxis should be offered immediately, preferably within 72 hours of exposure. Because STIs are commonly asymptomatic, screening should be based on risk rather than symptoms. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection is recommended for HIV-positive MSM at least annually and more often for high-risk individuals.
Distance-Based Ecological Driving Scheme Using a Two-Stage Hierarchy for Long-Term Optimization and Short-Term Adaptation

This paper proposes a distance-based ecological (eco)-driving scheme with two stages: one for long-term speed optimization and the other for short-term adaptation to actual traffic conditions. Before departure, the speed profile for an entire route is optimized in a distance domain by using characteristics of the drivetrain and road conditions. Then, while driving, the speed at only the next location is controlled to follow the optimal speed profile and adapt it for traffic conditions, which allows for real-time adaptation, maintaining optimal driving in the long term. To localize the change of the optimal speed profile due to traffic conditions, models for fuel rate of a conventional vehicle and vehicle propulsion systems were formulated in a distance domain, and a distance-based optimal speed profile was generated. The proposed eco-driving scheme is optimized by the quadratic programming method, and its validity is tested by simulation.
Bonding in cementitious materials with asphalt-coated particles: Part I – The interfacial transition zone

Abstract Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), when used as a coarse aggregate, has been shown to reduce bulk concrete strength and modulus. Part I of this study quantifies and compares the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) for mortar with RAP aggregates relative to dolomite aggregates through image analysis of backscattered electron micrographs. The ITZ with RAP aggregates was larger and more porous with less calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide (CH) at the asphalt interface compared with dolomite aggregates. The CH morphology was not significantly affected, although the presence of the asphalt layer may be affecting the CH growth. The addition of silica fume reduced the porosity and size of CH particles in the ITZ with RAP, but not sufficiently to be similar to the ITZ of the dolomite mortar. The microstructural changes caused by RAP aggregates, primarily the larger, more porous ITZ, provide strong evidence for the observed reduction in concrete strength and modulus.
Working with Asian American Families Whose Children Have Augmentative and Alternative Communication Needs.

The increase in students with disabilities from Asian backgrounds who receive special education and related services places greater responsibility on professionals providing augmentative and altern...
A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese

This new Classical Chinese-English dictionary is a monumental achievement that finally allows us to assign a functional, reliable, and practical zi 字 dictionary to English-speaking students of Clas...
Identification of Fluoxetine-Serotonin Transporter Interactions using Crosslinking-Mass Spectrometry (CX-MS)

The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter family of transporters (NSSs). SERT controls the magnitude and duration of serotonergic neurotransmission by facilitating the reuptake of serotonin back into the pre-synaptic neuron and is thus a target for antidepressants and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) commonly prescribed to treat depression. To understand drug binding to SERT, a photo-activatable fluoxetine analog was synthesized and crosslinked to human SERT expressed in tetracycline-inducible HEK293 cells. After purification, trypsinized peptides were analyzed by ESI-Q-TOF and MS/MS studies identified sites of covalent attachment. Given that fluoxetine partitions in bilayers and might interact non-specifically with membrane proteins, control studies with photo-activatable lipids were also conducted to map lipid accessible sites. The hSERT expression system contains N-terminal tags for purification, so additional CX-MS studies were conducted using baculovirus overexpression of rat SERT containing analogous tags, but at its C-terminus to control for artefacts attributable to the sites of the chimeric tags. Altogether, these studies identify non-specific and specific sites of interactions between fluoxetine and SERT.
Formation of pollen apertures in Arabidopsis requires an interplay between male meiosis, development of INP1-decorated plasma membrane domains, and the callose wall

In most plant species, surfaces of pollen grains display characteristic patterns of apertures, formed by the gaps in the pollen wall exine. The aperture patterns are species-specific and tend to be very precise, with pollen of each species usually developing a certain number of apertures placed at distinct positions and acquiring specific morphology. The precision with which pollen apertures are produced suggests that developing pollen grains possess robust mechanisms that allow them to specify particular membrane domains as the future-aperture sites and to protect these sites from exine deposition. Recently, we demonstrated that formation of apertures in Arabidopsis depends on certain membrane domains attracting a novel protein, INP1, that assembles into punctate lines and helps to anchor these membrane domains to the overlying callose wall. Here we show that in the absence of male meiosis the ability of INP1 to assemble into lines at the pollen surface is compromised. However, INP1 still arrives to the pollen surface and mediates the interactions between the plasma membrane and the callose wall, potentially contributing to the formation of grossly abnormal patterns on pollen surface.
Escape the thermal fate

Many-body quantum systems fail to reach thermalization only under specific circumstances. An analysis now reveals a new, different kind of non-equilibrating dynamics based on the many-body analogue of quantum scars in single-particle quantum chaos.