cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insulin and amylase in the postnatal canine pancreas.

AbstractPancreatic fragments from 1- to 5-week-old donors have been implanted into the peritoneal cavity of diabetic dogs. Considerable improvement in glucose tolerance resulted but the dogs occasionally developed a peritonitis as a result of necrosis of acinar tissue. In order to determine if younger donors would provide more suitable tissue the insulin and amylase levels of the canine pancreas were measured during the first postnatal week. The amylase level, an estimator of acinar development, was 0.04 amylase units (AU)/mg protein at birth. It then rose for the first 4 postnatal days, reaching a maximum value of 0.84 AU/mg protein on the 4th postpartum day and then dropped by the 6th day to the original level. Adult amylase levels were not reached during the first postnatal week. Insulin levels were 10,500 micro units (μU)/mg protein at birth. They rose to a maximum of 17,700 μU/mg protein on the 6th postpartum day. The ratio of insulin to amylase was 31,000 μU/AU at birth. It dropped to a minimum of 2...
Habitat structure helps guide the emergence of colony-level personality in social spiders

Studying the environmental factors that guide the emergence of collective behaviors is instrumental to understanding the ecology and evolution of animal societies. Although recent work has provided insights into the demographic factors that influence inter-colony variation in collective behavior (i.e., colony-level personality or collective personality), relatively few studies have investigated how the physical environment (e.g., habitat structure) affects colony-level personality. Here, we study the emergence of collective personality in prey capture behavior in the social spider, Stegodyphus dumicola. We measured collective prey capture behavior four times over 36 days in a classic repeated measures design. We used four different artificial habitat (web support) structures in three different treatments: habitat structure was either (1) fixed and undisturbed, (2) disturbed with a complete removal of webbing between each measurement, or (3) disturbed with changes of habitat structure between each measurement. Our results revealed that repeatability in colony-level personality was retained as long as habitat structure was not altered. However, the repeatability of colony-level personality declined precipitously when groups were forced to build their webs on novel habitat structures. Furthermore, habitat structure affected collective capture behavior, that is, latency to attack and the number of attackers differed among colonies on different habitat structures. Collectively, our data demonstrate that habitat structure is instrumental in shaping both the mean and repeatability of the collective behavior of colonies and may influence overall foraging success.
Validity of the DSM-III-R personality disorder Clusters

This study assessed the validity of the DSM-III-R personality disorder clusters (i.e., odd-eccentric, dramatic-emotional-erratic, and anxious-fearful) by examining the relationships between self-report measures that tap the “core” features shared by disorders from each cluster and Cluster scores established via a semistructured interview in a sample of 57 outpatients. Results indicated a high degree of correlation among the DSM-III-R personality disorder Cluster scores. In addition, a series of regression analyses revealed that self-report scores did not account for a significant amount of variance in their respective Cluster scores over and above that accounted for by other self-report measures and other Cluster scores. These results suggest that the current DSM-III-R cluster classification scheme may not be appropriate, and it is recommended that a more empirically justifiable classification of the personality disorders be adopted in DSM-IV.
The relationship between online chatter and firm value

The visible trace of online communications has given rise to research on their effect on firm outcomes. The literature has established a link between online communication about a product and the product’s sales and price performance. On the assumption that financial markets understand this link, we conjecture financial markets consider the amount of online communication, or chatter, about a firm to be an indication of the firm’s performance in the marketplace. Our results confirm this conjecture. The relationship between stock returns and chatter are robust to alternative specifications of the model and to alternative measures of stock returns. We also investigate the issues of reverse causality and omitted variable bias driving a spurious relationship between stock returns and chatter. The data are not consistent with any of these alternative explanations for our results.
VENOUS OBSTRUCTION OF THE COCHLEA BLOOD FLOW AND FUNCTION.

The functional significance of the inferior cochlear vein (vena aqueductus cochleae) is further investigated. Occlusion of the inferior cochlear vein resulted in a severe drop in cochlear blood flow and cochlear microphonics. After venous occlusion, increase of blood flow produced by epinephrine is correlated with an increase of the microphonic response. Some general relations between cochlear blood flow, function and oxygen-utilization are discussed.
Development of methionine-enkephalin in microdissected areas of the rabbit brain

Microdissected areas of the rabbit brain were isolated at prenatal day E-29, postnatal days P-3, 7, 14, 21, 2 months and adults. Methionine-enkephalin (ME) was assayed by RIA and ME concentration [ME] was expressed relative to the protein content of the extracted brain tissues. In brain nuclei with important roles in respiratory control [ME] was higher in prenatal and early postnatal life than in adults. In contrast, the prenatal and early postnatal [ME] levels in other nuclei were lower than or equal to adult values. These data suggest an important and changing role for ME in respiratory control throughout development. Early high [ME] levels within brainstem respiratory control nuclei may contribute to the newborn's increased susceptibility to respiratory depression.
Transition from Apartheid

The end of apartheid in South Africa has often been considered a miracle as well as a beacon of hope for the rest of the continent. This article takes a more sober view. Despite the massive changes toward a democratic and open society, black South Africans have not won social and economic justice. The poor are still black and the rich predominantly white. This limited democracy, that is, judged simply in terms of voting in democratic elections, mirrors the thesis put forward in the transition studies literature. Drawing on ideas from Antonio Gramsci and Frantz Fanon, I argue that the South African case offers an addendum to transition studies highlighting how ideology and hegemony are critical to the processes of actively creating a legitimate polity. I argue that a limited transition was far from assured. It was neither determined by domestic capital nor from such forces as the IMF and World Bank but involved strategic homegrown choices including an ideological capitulation to neoliberal policies and a marginalization of more radical projects advanced by the South African left.
It Takes Courage: Fostering the Development of Critical, Social Justice-Oriented Teachers Using Museum and Project-Based Instruction.

Through course readings, museum visits, focus group discussions, and reflections on clinical observation experiences, preservice teachers developed a fictitious educational setting (Courage High School) that incorporates critical, social justice practices and privileges the experiences and cultural backgrounds of all K-12 students. Participants presented a model for this school and how it would benefit specific student needs. From our classroom experiences, the authors developed recommendations for how future educators problematized ideas of courage, race, and diversity in developing Courage High School. The authors suggest that using museums as experiential pedagogical tools and offering authentic learning opportunities can encourage a critical, social justice orientation to teaching and may inspire future teachers to enact courage in their teaching practice.
TimeRemap: stable and accurate time in vehicular networks

One fundamental limit for synchronizing a packet trace is that the two measurement systems that can be used to timestamp the packets, the operating system and the network interface, have mutually exclusive properties. The OS clock can be stabilized over the long run but the OS timestamps are not accurate; the PHY timestamps are accurate but they show a drift. To leverage the best features of both systems, we propose to stabilize the OS clock with a GPS and to remap the PHY timestamps over the OS/GPS time. This method is well suited for challenged scenarios like VANETs as no signaling is needed between nodes. We apply our approach to VANET monitoring and evaluate it on packet traces collected from our testbed. The results show that our solution reduces the mean synchronization error to 3 μs.
Topology preserving neural networks that achieve a prescribed feature map probability density distribution

In this paper, a new learning law for one-dimensional topology preserving neural networks is presented in which the output weights of the neural network converge to a set that produces a predefined winning neuron coordinate probability distribution, when the probability density function of the input signal is unknown and not necessarily uniform. The learning algorithm also produces an orientation preserving homeomorphic function from the known neural coordinate domain to the unknown input signal space, which maps a predefined neural coordinate probability density function into the unknown probability density function of the input signal. The convergence properties of the proposed learning algorithm are analyzed using the ODE approach and verified by a simulation study.
Altered regulation of pancreatic glucagon in male rats during aging

Abstract Immunoreactive pancreatic glucagon levels in portal vein blood following intragastric glucose administration were determined in fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats of 2-, 12-, and 24-months of age. Immunoreactive glucagon levels decline to less than one-half the fasting values in 2-month old rats following glucose administration, whereas immunoreactive glucagon levels increase two to three times the fasting values in 12- and 24-month old rats under the same conditions. Glucagon inhibits glucose-stimulated hepatic glucokinase adaptation and may interfere with insulin action in the regulation of hepatic glucose balance. Therefore, differences in the availability of glucagon may contribute significantly to delayed hepatic glucokinase adaptation in rats during aging.
Air bearing parameter effects on take-off velocity

An air bearing simulation analysis of a taper flat slider is presented for predicting the effects of slider/suspension parameters on the take-off velocity of the slider. These take-off velocities are determined through the use of a computer program that solves the Reynolds gas lubrication equation for the pressure distribution in the air bearing. Of the many parameters considered, crown (curvature along the length of the air bearing surface) has the most impact on take-off velocity, and therefore on the sliding distance that the slider is in contact with the disk during a contact start/stop operation. The nonlinear relationship between crown and take-off velocity is shown and discussed. Several improved take-off designs are presented. >
Gender And Elder Care In China: The Influence of Filial Piety and Structural Constraints

The authors explore the changing dynamics of gendered familial caregiving in urban China within the context of economic reforms and the continued cultural influence of xiao (filial piety). Data collected in China through interviews with 110 familial caregivers were used to examine cultural and structural influences on the caregiving behavior of adult children. Results from multiple regression analyses provide evidence of a gendered division of parental care tasks, a decline in the patrilocal tradition of caregiving, and a strong social pressure that influences caregiving behavior. Structural factors linked to caregiving performance included family size, lack of pensions for elders, and caregivers’ employment status and income. Findings portend deleterious effects for the women who are now caregivers as they are likely to live longer but be more financially dependent and have fewer children available to help them.
Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate–Activated CD56+ γδ T Lymphocytes Display Potent Antitumor Activity toward Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: The expression of CD56, a natural killer cell–associated molecule, on αβ T lymphocytes correlates with their increased antitumor effector function. CD56 is also expressed on a subset of γδ T cells. However, antitumor effector functions of CD56 + γδ T cells are poorly characterized. Experimental Design: To investigate the potential effector role of CD56 + γδ T cells in tumor killing, we used isopentenyl pyrophosphate and interleukin-2–expanded γδ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors. Results: Thirty to 70% of expanded γδ T cells express CD56 on their surface. Interestingly, although both CD56 + and CD56 − γδ T cells express comparable levels of receptors involved in the regulation of γδ T-cell cytotoxicity (e.g., NKG2D and CD94), only CD56 + γδ T lymphocytes are capable of killing squamous cell carcinoma and other solid tumor cell lines. This effect is likely mediated by the enhanced release of cytolytic granules because CD56 + γδ T lymphocytes expressed higher levels of CD107a compared with CD56 − controls following exposure to tumor cell lines. Lysis of tumor cell lines is blocked by concanamycin A and a combination of anti-γδ T-cell receptor + anti-NKG2D monoclonal antibody, suggesting that the lytic activity of CD56 + γδ T cells involves the perforin-granzyme pathway and is mainly γδ T-cell receptor/NKG2D dependent. Importantly, CD56-expressing γδ T lymphocytes are resistant to Fas ligand and chemically induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Our data indicate that CD56 + γδ T cells are potent antitumor effectors capable of killing squamous cell carcinoma and may play an important therapeutic role in patients with head and neck cancer and other malignancies.
Bilicam: using mobile phones to monitor newborn jaundice

Health sensing through smartphones has received considerable attention in recent years because of the devices' ubiquity and promise to lower the barrier for tracking medical conditions. In this paper, we focus on using smartphones to monitor newborn jaundice, which manifests as a yellow discoloration of the skin. Although a degree of jaundice is common in healthy newborns, early detection of extreme jaundice is essential to prevent permanent brain damage or death. Current detection techniques, however, require clinical tests with blood samples or other specialized equipment. Consequently, newborns often depend on visual assessments of their skin color at home, which is known to be unreliable. To this end, we present BiliCam, a low-cost system that uses smartphone cameras to assess newborn jaundice. We evaluated BiliCam on 100 newborns, yielding a 0.85 rank order correlation with the gold standard blood test. We also discuss usability challenges and design solutions to make the system practical.
A Voyager attitude control perspective on fault tolerant systems

In current spacecraft design, a trend can be observed to achieve greater fault tolerance through the application of on-board software dedicated to detecting and isolating failures. Whether fault tolerance through software can meet the desired objectives depends on very careful consideration and control of the system in which the software is imbedded. The considered investigation has the objective to provide some of the insight needed for the required analysis of the system. A description is given of the techniques which have been developed in this connection during the development of the Voyager spacecraft. The Voyager Galileo Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) fault tolerant design is discussed to emphasize basic lessons learned from this experience. The central driver of hardware redundancy implementation on Voyager was known as the 'single point failure criterion'.
Study of BiCMOS logic gate configurations for improved low-voltage performance

A simple BiCMOS configuration employing the source-well tie PMOS/n-p-n pull-down combination is proposed for low-voltage, high-performance operations. The improved BiCMOS gate delay time over that of the NMOS/n-p-n (conventional) BiCMOS gate is confirmed by means of inverter simulations and measured ring oscillator data. The source-well tie PMOS/n-p-n BiCMOS gate outperforms its conventional BiCMOS counterpart in the low-voltage supply range, at both high and low temperatures. A critical speed path from the 68030 internal circuit is used as a benchmark for the proposed BiCMOS design technique. The measured propagation delay of the BiCMOS speed path is faster than its CMOS counterpart down to 2.3 V supply voltage at -10 degrees C and sub-2 V at 110 degrees C. >
Failure mechanisms of spiral-helix antenna under high power conditions

Adopted procedures to investigate the failure mechanism of a simply-fed spiral-helix antenna subjected to high power tests are discussed. Based on the high power test data, available evidence and the antenna performance characteristics, the series of events leading to the antenna failure are discovered. The antenna autopsy is done to accurately define how the antenna assembly and components contribute in the high-power test failure mechanism. Different methods to improve the power handling capability of the studied antenna are proposed.
Economics, Psychology, and the Literature of the Subdiscipline of Consumer Behavior

This paper traces the development of the subdiscipline of marketing known as “consumer behavior” and its literature which grew during the 1950s and 1960s and at an increasing rate during the 1970s. In spite of marketing's roots in economics, it cam to rely more heavily on psychology as a source for conceptual borrowing. It is suggested that this may have resulted from greater congruity between marketing scholars and psychologists with respect to research purposes and philosophies of science.
GUEST EDITORIAL: THE ROLE AND STATUS OF WOMEN IN SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: PAST AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

Survival is not an academic skill. It is learning how to stand alone, unpopular and sometimes reviled, and how to make common cause with those others identified as outside the structures in order to define and seek a world in which we can all flourish. It is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths. (Lorde, 1984, p. 112)
A continuous density neural tree network word spotting system

A new classifier is described that combines the discriminatory ability of the neural tree network (NTN) with the Gaussian mixture model to create a continuous density neural tree network (CDNTN). The CDNTN is used within a hidden Markov model (HMM), along with a nonparametric state duration model to construct a continuous word spotting system for real time applications. The new word spotting system does not use a general background model, allowing construction of independent models whose performance is independent of the number of models in the recognition system, supporting a direct parallel implementation. Although HMM word spotting systems are shown to provide good performance when sufficient training data is available, for applications where background speech data is not available or only a limited numbers of training tokens are available, the CDNTN word spotting system is shown to out perform comparable HMM systems.
Degrees of freedom (DoF) of locally connected interference channels with cooperating multiple-antenna transmitters

We consider locally connected K-user MISO interference channels where each transmitter has N antennas and is connected to the receiver with the same index as well as [L/2] successively preceding receivers and [L/2] following receivers. We assume that each receiver is interested in one message, which can be available at a maximum of M transmitters. Under these assumptions, we study the available degrees of freedom as well as the optimal way to assign messages to transmitters. For the case where each message is assigned to the transmitter with the same index, we know from [1] that [KN/N+1] DoF is achievable for the considered locally connected channel using interference alignment as the number of symbol extensions goes to infinity. In this work, we show that a simple linear strategy employing zero forcing transmit beams achieves min {2MN/M(N+1)+L, 1} per user degrees of freedom. In particular, the N/N+1 per user DoF is achievable by coding over only one channel realization, for any value of M ≥ L/N+1. Moreover, we show that the proposed scheme is optimal among a class of linear strategies where each receiver is either inactive or enjoys interference-free communication. Finally, we generalize the upper bound proved for Wyner's asymmetric channel model (L = 1) in [2], and show that message assignments satisfying a local cooperation constraint are optimal for a general setting of the parameters.
SeqFold: Genome-scale reconstruction of RNA secondary structure integrating high-throughput sequencing data

We present an integrative approach, SeqFold, that combines high-throughput RNA structure profiling data with computational prediction for genome-scale reconstruction of RNA secondary structures. SeqFold transforms experimental RNA structure information into a structure preference profile (SPP) and uses it to select stable RNA structure candidates representing the structure ensemble. Under a high-dimensional classification framework, SeqFold efficiently matches a given SPP to the most likely cluster of structures sampled from the Boltzmann-weighted ensemble. SeqFold is able to incorporate diverse types of RNA structure profiling data, including parallel analysis of RNA structure (PARS), selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension sequencing (SHAPE-Seq), fragmentation sequencing (FragSeq) data generated by deep sequencing, and conventional SHAPE data. Using the known structures of a wide range of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs as benchmarks, we demonstrate that SeqFold outperforms or matches existing approaches in accuracy and is more robust to noise in experimental data. Application of SeqFold to reconstruct the secondary structures of the yeast transcriptome reveals the diverse impact of RNA secondary structure on gene regulation, including translation efficiency, transcription initiation, and protein-RNA interactions. SeqFold can be easily adapted to incorporate any new types of high-throughput RNA structure profiling data and is widely applicable to analyze RNA structures in any transcriptome.
P2X7 receptor activation induces inflammatory responses in salivary gland epithelium

Inflammation of the salivary gland is a well-documented aspect of salivary gland dysfunction that occurs in Sjogren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease, and in γ-radiation-induced injury during ...
What are the consequences when doctors strike

Doctors considering strike action may worry about the effect on patients. David Metcalfe and colleagues examine the evidence
Stem Cells for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence

Currently, midurethral tapes represent the gold standard in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The tapes, regardless of the rout through which they are deployed, restore the supporting function of ligaments and fascia structure that stabilize urethra during sudden increase in the intra-abdominal pressure. Despite excellent success rates, the tapes are not risk-free. One of the concerns with these procedures is related to the fact that the vast majority of the slings are made of polypropylene and are currently under FDA scrutiny. The stem cells injected in the urethra have the potential to restore the functional, contractile response of the striated sphincter. The potential advantage is enormous as this therapy could treat stress urinary incontinence with a minimal risk. The initial results are promising; however, there are many questions that remain unanswered. Larger and longer clinical trials are necessary to move from a promising cure to the new gold standard and a permanent cure of stress urinary incontinence.
Rheumatoid factor interference with the latex agglutination test for fibrin degradation products

The latex agglutination test for FDP is widely employed clinically to aid in the diagnosis of DIC and other conditions. Of sera containing RF, 93% demonstrated positive FDP latex agglutination tests. Reducing agents in all instances destroyed the RF agglutinating capability. Futhermore, 86% of sera positive for FDP and RF became FDP-negative following reduction. Therefore RF was responsible for false-positive FDP latex agglutination tests in the majority of patients. Reduction of patient sera is a rapid, simple method to distinguish a positive FDP test from a false-positive due to RF.
Models for Transmission Expansion Planning Based on Reconfigurable Capacitor Switching

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Planning Processes Transmission Limits Decision Support Models Market Efficiency and Transmission Investment Summary Acknowledgments Bibliography
Solder Joint Ductility

Solder joint arrays were tested under tensile loading to determine the strain-to-failure (ductility) under a wide range of conditions. The trends in ductility with alloy, joint size, pad metallization, and test conditions were quantified and discussed. 63Sn37Pb solder joints showed a significant increase in ductility as applied stress is reduced below 40MPa. Lead free alloy ductility was much less sensitive to applied stress level. Hence, at low stress levels, eutectic SnPb has greater ductility than the lead free alloys. Larger joints showed greater ductility in a constant crosshead rate test compared to smaller joints. This is believed to be a function of the load train stiffness. Such a discrepancy was not observed in the constant load test method.
Seebeck Coefficient Measurements on Micron-Size Single-Crystal Zinc Germanium Nitride Rods

II–IV-nitride compounds are tetrahedrally bonded, heterovalent ternary semiconductors that have recently garnered attention for their potential technological applications. These materials are derived from the parent III-nitride compounds; ZnGeN2 is the II–IV-nitride analogue to the III-nitride GaN. Very little is known about the transport properties of ZnGeN2. In this work, we present Seebeck coefficient (S) data on 3-micron-diameter, 70-micron-long, single-crystal ZnGeN2 rods, employing a novel measurement approach. The measurements of S show that the majority free carriers are electrons, and imply that the carrier gas is degenerate. Within a single-band model for the conduction band, a carrier concentration of order 1019 cm−3 was estimated for a measured S = −90 μV/K. Together with electrical transport measurements, a lower limit for the electron mobility is estimated to be ∼20 cm2/V-s. A discussion of this material as a thermoelectric is presented. The background level of free electrons in this unintentionally doped ZnGeN2 is very near the predicted optimum value for maximum thermoelectric performance.
Skirting Saturn's Rings and Skimming Its Cloud Tops: Planning Cassini's End of Mission

In October 2010, the Cassini spacecraft embarked on the seven-year Solstice Mission. The mission will culminate with a spectacular series of orbits that bring Cassini between Saturn's innermost ring, the D ring, and the cloud tops of the planet. The spacecraft will make its closest passages ever to the planet allowing for unprecedented science to be collected on Saturn and its rings. These final orbits will expose the spacecraft to new environments, which presents a number of challenges to planning the final mission phase. While these challenges will require adaptations to planning processes and operations, they are not insurmountable. This paper describes the challenges identified and the steps taken to mitigate them to enable collection of unique Saturn system science.
Oxygen consumption of the American cockroach under complete inanition prolonged to death.

Oxygen uptake rhythms of adult male Periplaneta americana (L.) (Orthoptera: Blattidae) are similar to activity rhythms at 18, 24, and 30°C for periods up to 18 days. Under complete inanition, the rate of oxygen consumption decreased in a nonlinear manner that is independent of circadian and ultradian rhythms. It seems clear that confinement plus inanition leads to a general lowering of activity and/or of basal metabolism. A constrained cockroach showed high but erratic oxygen uptake which masked the normal circadian component. At least most individuals dying under conditions of complete deprivation of food and water within 150-ml Warburg flasks, especially at lower temperatures, showed abrupt premortem rises in oxygen uptake to 3–5 × preceding average values. Individual 20-min determinations showed peaks 8, 10, or even 12 × the preceding values. These increased premortem uptakes were not related to muscular activity because the individuals were prostrate and capable of only feeble movement. The nature and significance of these premortem peaks remain to be explained.
Wavelength conversion using SOAs: simulations and experiment

As optical networks advance toward a dynamic multiwavelength all-optical structure, all optical wavelength conversion technologies become vital in the efficient utility of available fiber bandwidth. Experimental demonstrations of optical wavelength conversion usually involves a nonlinear element to transfer the information from the signal wavelength to that of a local laser source. In the case of Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals, the local laser source is usually a CW narrow linewidth semiconductor laser. For Return to Zero (RZ) signals, the local laser sources commonly employ a modelocked fiber laser or a modelocked semiconductor laser or a gain switched DFB to generate low jitter optical clock. Various materials and devices can be used as the nonlinear element for wavelength conversion, with the two most common being the optical fiber and semiconductor optical amplifier, though Lithium Niobate has also attracted attention in recent years as a switching element. The advantage of using optical fiber for wavelength conversion is that it is relatively cheap and has low levels of noise. However, the switching energy required to generate the nonlinearity in optical fiber is high compared to that of the SOA [1]. Wavelength conversion using SOA typically uses either four-wave mixing or crosses gain/phase modulation, with the latter method often used in conjunction with an interferometric topology [2]. The advantages of cross phase modulation of SOA in interferometers are the relatively low switching energy required, the fast switching speed, and the ability to integrate the whole structure on a single substrate.
Biochemical and behavioral effects of a commercial "low phenylalanine" diet in growing rats.

SummaryLiquid diets made from LoPhe powder and water and containing additional L-Phe in amounts of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 5.0% were given to mother rats immediately after delivery for the following 3 weeks and then to the offspring for the next 5 weeks. The result was a faulty development of liver PheH and brain GS. An overall impairment of growth and behavior tests done at age 45 and 52 days suggested a lag in maturation of approximately 10 days. LoPhe without additional L-Phe could be fed to rats only after day 21. When given to mother rats from the time of delivery, offspring did not survive. Although highly deficient in L-Phe and producing a complete arrest of growth, this diet resulted in normal brain GS of offspring; however, liver PheH was greatly decreased after a temporary rise. The 5.0% L-Phe produced neither phenylalaninemia nor an adaptation of PheH, but decreased brain GS slowly and consistently over the entire time of the study. The Phe and Tyr serum levels at no time correlated with the dietary...
Increased Length and Variability of the Life Cycle in Tropical Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) that Lack Pupal Diapause

Euboettcheria trejosi and Pattonella intermutans , two species of flesh flies collected in Panama (9°N), fail to enter diapause in response to the cues of photoperiod, temperature, and moisture utilized for induction of pupal diapause by other tropical and temperate zone species of Sarcophagidae. Correlated with lack of diapause is a marked increase in variability and duration of the post-feeding, wandering phase of the third larval instar and an increase in adult longevity. These attributes of the life cycle may offer an alternative to diapause and promote a more uniform seasonal distribution.
From the Cauchy-Riemann Equations to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

1. T.M. Apostol, Calculus Vol. 1, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1967. 2. G. Arfken, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press, Orlando, 1985. 3. T.J.I’a. Bromwich and T.M. MacRobert, An Introduction to the Theory of Infinite Series, McMillan & Co., London, 1926. 4. R. Courant and F. John, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Springer, New York, 1989. 5. G.H. Hardy, A Course of Pure Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993. 6. K. Knopp, Theorie und Anwendung der unendlichen Reihen, Springer, Berlin, 1922. 7. K. Knopp, Infinite Sequences and Series, Dover, New York, 1956. 8. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw-Hill, Auckland, 1976.
High-pressure Raman spectroscopic studies of ulvöspinel Fe2TiO4

We report in situ Raman spectroscopic studies of ulvospinel in a diamond-anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions up to 57 GPa at room temperature. Two modes near 493 and 681 cm −1 are observed clearly at 1 GPa. In the cubic spinel structure, the lower frequency peak can be assigned to a mode of F 2 g symmetry and the higher frequency peak can be assigned to a mode with A 1 g symmetry. The remaining three modes could not be observed unambiguously in the measurements, although there are five Raman-active modes ( A 1 g + E g +3 F 2 g ) in the Fd 3 m space group of the spinel structure according to factor group analysis. The peak positions and shapes in the Raman spectra agree well with those measured under ambient conditions. With increasing pressure, the frequencies of the A 1 g and F 2 g modes increase continuously up to 9 GPa with pressure derivatives of 2.5 and 2.1 cm −1 /GPa, respectively. There is no obvious degradation of crystal symmetry or structural change observed within this pressure range. Upon increasing pressure to ~20 GPa, the F 2 g mode splits into B 1 g + E g modes, and then into B 1 g + B 2 g + B 3 g modes. The intensities of the Raman bands gradually decrease due to the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition. This mode completely disappears at a pressure of 29 GPa. The most striking characteristic of the Raman spectrum of ulvospinel is that compression leads to the extinction of the Raman-active mode derived from F 2 g symmetry. Only one peak resulting from the A 1 g mode can be observed continuously up to 57 GPa. The peak shift derived from the A 1 g mode and its full-width at half maximum (FWHM) values suggests another phase transition occurring around 30 GPa. The Raman spectrum of ulvospinel is in good agreement with the spectra of ZnCr 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 spinels.
The Ironic History of Congressional Scandals and Ethics

In many of our nation's greatest political scandals, Congress has played a role as prosecutor and persecutor. Congress also passed the important legislation that institutionalized scandal-hunting. Their efforts were primarily aimed at the executive branch, but recently the legal structures and the sense of mistrust they engendered have boomeranged back on Congress. With a new, comprehensive dataset of scandals in Congress over the past four decades, I can describe the trends in congressional scandals over time and trace the consequences for the political system.
Detecting Cooling Coil Fouling Automatically—Part 1: A Novel Concept

Fouling of surfaces within the heat exchangers of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings is an equipment fault that wastes appreciable amounts of energy; however, it escapes detection under current building automation technology. A novel concept is introduced to automatically detect this fouling on water-side and air-side surfaces of water-cooled HVAC air coils. The concept incorporates a model-driven component contributing a table of human expert information and an embedded data-driven component assimilating real-time data sampled from HVAC plant instrumentation. Supervisory programming (the “agent”) conducts real-time surveillance for coil fouling using the data-driven component, which is a model replicating the current dynamic thermal behavior of the coil. The surveillance is a specific characterizing transient (a “query”) exercised periodically on the data-driven dynamic coil model as a surrogate for exciting the real coil. When a query returns a suspect result, the age...
Traditional Models: CAPM and Risk Analysis

Risk in regulatory analysis was a concept waiting for a theory. It was long recognized as an important factor in determining reasonable rates of charge by public utilities. Hope, in 1944, crystallized the concept stating that “the return to the equity owner should be commensurate with returns on investments in other enterprises having corresponding risk.” But twenty years later the capital asset pricing theory of Sharpe [1964], Lintner [1965], and Mossing [1966] established convincing theoretical links between the concept, its measurement, and its relationship to the required rate of return of investors.
State of the art and new perspectives for non-invasive point-of-care testing

Point-of-care (POC) analytical technology has empowered patients with a more convenient, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for self-management of health. In order to realize the effective disease management and appropriate therapeutic interventions in real time, there is a great need for a POC health monitoring system which allows non-invasive, accurate, convenient, easy-to-use, painless, and very fast measurements. By reviewing some current technologies of POC, we believe for the next generation of POC testing, home testing devices with non-invasive testing approach, accurate results, and real-time measurements will be the new trends.
Time-Varying Metasurfaces Based on Graphene Microribbon Arrays

Metasurfaces offer tremendous opportunities in controlling wave propagation in unusual ways that cannot be achieved with conventional optical devices. Common approach in designing metasurfaces has been the use of spatially varying, subwavelength-thick metallic and/or dielectric nanostructures for obtaining required phase change locally that yields desired optical performance. Here, we theoretically demonstrate an alternative metasurface based on time-varying resonant elements rather than space-varying ones. Our metasurface design utilizes graphene microribbon arrays that exhibit resonant behavior at terahertz wavelengths. By controlling the Fermi level, and therefore the doping of graphene, one can induce time-varying changes in the complex refractive indices of graphene, resulting in active control of the reflection amplitude and phase. Time-varying phase changes that can be achieved by applying a 1 GHz alternative current signal has been shown to change the frequency of a reflected terahertz wave on the...
Who will be bilingual? A Critical Discourse Analysis of a Spanish-English Bilingual Pair

This article presents a basic interpretive qualitative study that examined how two students, a dominant Spanish speaker (Joel) and a dominant English speaker (Carter) used languages during their microinteractions in pair work in a dual language kindergarten classroom. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between language choice and power. Data sources included field notes and video/audio recordings collected during a Spanish day and an English day of instruction, with particular attention to the interactions of this bilingual pair. The authors conducted critical discourse analysis drawing on the notion of power as product and power in discourse. Findings reveal that despite the expressed intention of the dual language program that all children would have the opportunity to be bilinguals, there are more opportunities in this classroom for language development in English than in Spanish. Only the teacher’s direct intervention appears to influence children’s language use during their ...
Neurogenic Bladder Obstruction

Neurogenic voiding dysfunction refers to disease pathways impacting the function of the afferent and efferent nerve fibers of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, which innervate the lower genitourinary tract. The term “obstructive voiding” may in and of itself be misleading, as a neurogenic bladder may be unable to empty, not only because of functional obstruction but because of hypocontractility as well. Thus, perhaps a more comprehensive conceptual framework is to think of this as neurogenic urinary retention. When evaluating patients with possible neurogenic bladder, although urodynamic tracings can be completed without a video component, fluoroscopy during these studies offers a rich collection of information, including description of a possible functional obstruction (if it exists and where it is in the tract, i.e., bladder neck, urethra), the state of the bladder (severely trabeculated or smooth), and if there is evidence of high pressures contributing to upper tract deterioration (i.e., vesicoureteral reflux, dilated ureters). This chapter presents three case studies of patients with neurogenic bladders and voiding dysfunction, consistent with neurogenic retention; it demonstrates the utility of fluoroscopic images taken during the urodynamic studies, allowing the provider a window into the upper tracts and providing an opportunity to assess where a point of obstruction may be.
Growth and Development of the Blue-and-white Swallow in Venezuela

The growth and development of Blue-and-white Swallow ( Pygochelidon cyanoleuca ) chicks was studied at Estacion Biologica Rancho Grande in the Sierra de la Costa, Venezuela. The chicks reached asymptotic weight of 13.9 g (132% of adult weight) on day 17 post hatching and showed weight recession to 11.6 g (106% of adult weight) at fledging on day 25-26. This swallow had a lower growth rate (K = 0.395; T10-90 = 11.2 days) than several temperate zone species. An early appearing semiplume portion of the first feather coat is rare in passerine birds. Key words: Pygochelidon cyanoleuca , Blue-and-white Swallow, growth, Venezuela.
Yellow-Rumped Warblers Use Two Song Categories: Each Male Tends To Use A Unique Song In Each Category In Southern Oregon

Abstract We describe the singing behavior of Yellow-rumped Warblers (Setophaga coronata) in southern Oregon. Males used songs of 2 categories. Type I songs were delivered early in the breeding season before females were observed, and differed from the Type II songs delivered in low-light conditions before sunrise after the arrival of females. Both Type I and Type II songs were used after the dawn chorus. Chip-like call notes did not accompany Type II singing in the dawn chorus unlike some warblers with 2 song categories. Both Type I and Type II songs varied considerably among males, and song sharing was uncommon. Songs of Yellow-rumped Warblers were performance encoded; no obvious features with respect to frequency, duration, or syllable structure united the songs within each song category. Unlike many warblers with performance-encoded songs, Type II song bouts of a given male consisted of a single variant.
Ablative Pyrolysis of Wood Chips: Effect of Operating Conditions

We pyrolyzed entire wood chips (5 × 15 mm) in a novel ablative reactor, with the goal of evaluating the possibility of minimizing grinding costs prior to pyrolysis. The effects of operating parameters on the product yields and composition were investigated. Our results revealed that the bio-oil yield in the ablative reactor was favored at a moderate pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, low initial thickness of wood chip layer (≤ 5 mm), low applied pressure on the wood chips (≤ 0.5 bar), and with rotation of the bowl (≥ 100 rpm). The temperature profile of the wood chips indicated that ablative pyrolysis of thick layers is strongly limited by heat transfer rates. The maximum bio-oil yield obtained was about 60 wt. %. Bio-oil elemental composition was mostly determined by its water content, and that of char was primarily affected by the temperature. The knowledge of how operating conditions affect the ablative process is a tool that can be used in the design of continuous mobile pyrolysis units in the future.
Entry Level Mis Jobs: Industry Expectations versus Academic Preparation

(1995). Entry Level Mis Jobs: Industry Expectations versus Academic Preparation. Journal of Computer Information Systems: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 18-27.
Carbon fiber composites with 2D microvascular networks for battery cooling

Abstract Electric vehicle (EV) batteries require both thermal regulation and crash protection. A novel battery packaging scheme is presented that uses microvascular composite panels with 2D channel networks to accomplish both objectives. Microvascular carbon fiber/epoxy composite panels are fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, with the channel network formed by post-cure vaporization of an embedded polylactide channel template. Panel cooling performance is evaluated for parallel, bifurcating, serpentine, and spiral channel designs at different coolant flow rates and channel diameter. The spiral design provides the best thermal performance, but requires high pumping pressure (>100 kPa) at the flow rates needed for adequate cooling (>30 mL min −1 ). The bifurcating design and a network obtained by computational optimization offer much lower pressure with slightly reduced thermal performance. Channel diameter has negligible effect on cooling performance, but strongly affects pumping pressure. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are also performed and correlate well with the experimental data. Simulations confirm that microvascular composite panels can cool typical battery cells generating 500 W m −2 heat flux below the target temperature of 40 °C.
Quantum Mechanics and Liouville's Equation

In non-relativistic quantum mechanics, the absolute square of Schrodinger's wave function for a particle in a potential determines the probability of finding it either at a position or momentum at a given time. In classical mechanics the corresponding problem is determined by the solution of Liouville's equation for the probability density of finding the joint position and momentum of the particle at a given time. Integrating this classical solution over either one of these two variables can then be compared with the probability in quantum mechanics. For the special case that the force is a constant, it is shown analytically that for an initial Gaussian probability distribution, the solution of Liouville's integrated over momentum is equal to Schrodinger's probability function in coordinate space, provided the coordinate and momentum initial widths of this classical solution satisfy the minimal Heisenberg uncertainty relation. Likewise, integrating Lioville's solution over position is equal to Schrodinger's probability function in momentum space. Quanta 2017; 6: 53–56.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype 2B Rubella Virus Isolated in South Korea in 2015.

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of the wild-type genotype 2B rubella virus RVi/Busan.KOR/10.15[2B], isolated from a patient in South Korea, was determined. The availability of this sequence will help in understanding the circulation of endemic rubella viruses, as well as their genetic diversity.