cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of the hyperfine structure coupling parameters of CO2− and AsO22− molecule ions in γ-irradiated single crystal calcite

The hyperfine structure coupling parameters of CO and AsO molecule ions in γ-irradiated single crystal calcite have been measured from 4.2 to 325 K. For Co, the data suggest that the fractional electron spin density at the carbon atom increases by about 1% on raising the temperature from 4.2 to 200 K. For the AsO molecule ion, the fractional electron spin density on the arsenic atom decreases by about 7% on raising the temperature from 4.2 to 325 K. Es werden Hyperfeinstrukturkopplungsparameter von CO- und AsO-Molekulionen in γ-bestrahlten Kalzit-Einkristallen zwischen 4,2 und 325 K gemessen. Fur CO wurde gefunden, das der Anteil der Elektronenspindichte am Kohlenstoffatom bei Temperaturerhohung von 4,2 auf 200 K um etwa 1% zunimmt. Fur das AsO -Molekulion nimmt der Anteil der Elektronenspindichte am Arsenatom um etwa 7% ab, wenn die Temperatur von 4,2 auf 325 K erhoht wird.
Intraoperative duplex ultrasound of visceral revascularizations: optimizing technical success and outcome

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative duplex ultrasound scanning (IOUS) during visceral revascularizations and correlate its results with clinical outcome. Methods We studied 68 patients (15 men and 53 women, mean age 66.5 years, range 27-86 years) who underwent visceral revascularization with concomitant IOUS examination of 120 visceral arteries (52 celiac, 60 superior mesenteric, and 8 inferior mesenteric arteries) from 1992 to 2002. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of ultrasound findings: normal and abnormal IOUS. The incidence of early and late graft-related complications (thrombosis, restenosis, recurrent symptoms, reintervention) and graft-related death was compared in both groups. Results One-hundred and two (85%) arteries had normal IOUS. Eight (6.6%) arteries had minor defects, including small kinks (4), mild residual stenoses (3), and small intimal flap (1). Ten (8.4%) arteries had major defects, consisting of hemodynamically significant residual stenoses (4), thrombus (2), kinks (2), bidirectional flow (1), and intimal flap (1). Major defects were successfully revised in all except three cases: two persistent mild stenoses and one bidirectional flow. Patients with abnormal IOUS at the end of the operation had increased incidence of graft-related complications and/or death (55.5% vs 7.8%; P = .004), early graft thrombosis (14.2% vs 1.0; P = .04), reintervention (21.4% vs 3.2%; P = .03), and graft-related death (33.3% vs 1.9%; P = .02), compared with patients with normal IOUS. Conclusion This study supports the routine use of IOUS during visceral revascularizations to optimize technical success and outcome. Persistent ultrasound scanning abnormalities are associated with risk of early graft failure, reintervention, and death. Patients with normal ultrasound scans can expect excellent results.
Unna's boot dressings facilitate outpatient skin grafting of hands

Present day economics have challenged health care providers to minimize the length of hospitalization without sacrificing quality of care. Within this context, the purpose of this study was to determine whether supporting the hand and wrist with an Unna's boot dressing (Medicopaste bandage; Graham-Field, Inc., Hauppauge, N.Y.) and splint, and covering the skin graft donor site with calcium alginate (Kaltostat; Calgon Vestal, St. Louis, Mo.), would allow successful outpatient skin grafting of burns to the upper extremity. Twelve patients with burns underwent debridement and split-thickness skin grafting on a total of 16 upper extremities with this method. Only patients who were otherwise healthy, had adequate home environments, and had burns limited to distal to the elbow were included for this initial trial. All skin graft donor sites were obtained from either the upper thigh or buttocks. Patients were discharged to home after 4 to 6 hours of observation and given amoxicillin for 5 days after surgery. Patients returned to the burn unit on the fifth postgrafting day for removal of the Unna's boot dressing, initiation of occupational therapy to the hands, and reapplication of a new calcium alginate dressing if needed. This and subsequent follow-up visits revealed a 95% or more take on all skin grafts, without any infectious complications. These results demonstrate the efficacy of Unna's boot support and calcium alginate dressings of donor sites in limited skin graft procedures. Furthermore, these results suggest that more extensive surgical debridements and skin graftings may be successfully shifted to outpatient procedures with use of these adjuvants.
Serum Bicarbonate Concentrations and Kidney Disease Progression in Community-Living Elders: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

Background In populations with prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD), lower serum bicarbonate levels are associated with more rapid CKD progression, but whether lower bicarbonate levels also are associated with risk of incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2 and CKD progression among community-living persons with predominantly preserved kidney function is unknown. Study Design Longitudinal observational cohort study. Setting & Participants Well-functioning community-living elders aged 70-79 years at inception. Predictor Serum bicarbonate level measured at the time of collection by arterialized venous blood sample using an arterial blood gas analyzer. Outcomes Change in eGFR over 7 years, and new eGFR 2 with a rate of loss of at least 1mL/min/1.73m 2 per year. Measurements Linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations of baseline serum bicarbonate level with change in eGFR and incident eGFR 2 . Results At baseline, mean eGFR was 84±16 (SD)mL/min/1.73m 2 , and serum bicarbonate level was 25.2±1.9mmol/L. Compared with participants with higher bicarbonate concentrations (23.0-28.0mmol/L), those with bicarbonate concentrations 2 per year faster in models adjusted for demographics, CKD risk factors, baseline eGFR, and urine albumin-creatinine ratio. Among the 989 (92%) participants with baseline eGFRs>60mL/min/1.73m 2 , 252 (25%) developed incident eGFRs 2 at follow-up. Adjusting for the same covariates, participants with bicarbonate concentrations 2 (OR, 1.72; 95%CI, 0.97-3.07) compared with those with higher bicarbonate concentrations. Limitations Only 2 measurements of kidney function separated by 7 years and loss to follow-up due to intervening mortality in this elderly population. Conclusions Lower serum bicarbonate concentrations are associated independently with decline in eGFR and incident eGFR 2 in community-living older persons. If confirmed, serum bicarbonate levels may give insight into kidney tubule health in persons with preserved eGFRs and suggest a possible new target for intervention to prevent CKD development.
Neuropathology of a Fatal Case of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

The pathology of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is undefined, since it is rarely fatal and is biopsied in only exceptional circumstances. We describe rapidly progressive PRES following stem cell transplant for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After development of altered mental status, this 8-year-old girl had T2 prolongation of the white matter in a posterior-dominant distribution, eventually developing cerebellar edema, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and herniation. Despite surgical and medical management, she died 36 hours later. At autopsy, the occipital and cerebellar white matter and focal occipital cortical gray matter showed a spectrum of microvascular changes, including dilated perivascular spaces containing proteinaceous exudates and macrophages, as well as fibrinoid necrosis and acute hemorrhage, in a distribution corresponding to the neuroimaging abnormalities and reminiscent of those seen in patients with acute hypertensive encephalopathy. Of note, similar microvascular changes were not seen in the kidney or other systemic sites. Thus, the findings indicate a brain-specific microvascular compromise as the substrate of PRES, at least in the rare instance of cases progressing to fatal outcome.
Systematic Review of the Use of Online Questionnaires of Older Adults

Objectives: To describe methodological approaches to population targeting and sampling and to summarize limitations of Internet-based questionnaires in older adults. Design: Systematic literature review. Setting: Studies using online questionnaires in older adult populations. Participants: English-language articles using search terms for geriatric, age 65 and over, Internet survey, online survey, Internet questionnaire, and online questionnaire in PubMed and EBSCO host between 1984 and July 2012. Inclusion criteria were study population mean age 65 and older and use of an online questionnaire for research. Review of 336 abstracts yielded 14 articles for full review by two investigators; 11 articles met inclusion criteria. Measurements: Articles were extracted for study design and setting, participant characteristics, recruitment strategy, country, and study limitations. Results: Eleven articles were published after 2001. Studies had populations with a mean age of 65 to 78, included descriptive and analytical designs, and were conducted in the United States, Australia, and Japan. Recruiting methods varied widely from paper fliers and personal e-mails to use of consumer marketing panels. Investigator-reported study limitations included the use of small convenience samples and limited generalizability. Conclusion: Online questionnaires are a feasible method of surveying older adults in some geographic regions and for some subsets of older adults, but limited Internet access constrains recruiting methods and often limits study generalizability.
Harvest scheduling with spatial wildlife constraints: An empirical examination of tradeoffs

The impact of imposing spatial wildlife constraints on long-range timber management schedules is examined for a public forest in northern Virginia under varying levels of a wildlife habitat constraint. Linear programming-based timber management scheduling models are solved using (1) standard linear programming, (2) mixed-integer programming with computer-determined stand allocations, and (3) mixed-integer programming with predetermined stand allocations in order to determine the extent to which the failure to consider explicitly the spatial aspects of a forest management problem with wildlife concerns may lead to an overestimation of timber production capacity. Findings indicate that present net value is overestimated by 1·8% to 21·4% and annual sawtimber harvest volume is overestimated by 2·6% to 13·5% when the standard linear programming approach is used.
Notes: Retention of Adaptive Rheotactic Behavior by F1 Fluvial Arctic Grayling

Abstract Downstream movements of age-0 Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus from an indigenous fluvial population (Big Hole River) and two inlet-spawning, lacustrine populations (Upper Red Rock Lake and Ennis Reservoir) were compared in a natural stream. All fish were incubated and reared together in a hatchery and acclimated together in the stream before being released in the stream. All fluvial test fish were F1 progeny of parents originating as gametes from wild fish but reared in a natural lake (1993 trials) or in a hatchery (1994 trials). The F1 fish in four 1993 trials were progeny of parents whose rheotaxis had also been tested as age-0 young. In all four trials of fish with 7–14 d stream acclimation, significantly fewer fluvial than lacustrine fish (P < 0.005) were recovered within 1 d in nets at a weir 1 km downstream from the release site. In two trials of fish with 1 d acclimation, significantly fewer fluvial than lacustrine fish were also recovered in one trial (P < 0.005) but not in the other (...
Using Research Based Assessment Tools in Professional Development in Current Electricity

We present a practical way of adapting and using four research-based assessments for different purposes in an electricity and magnetism course for K-8 science teachers. The course is designed to accomplish conceptual change toward accepted scientific conceptions as well as introducing teachers to materials and activities appropriate for their classrooms. Our data support that using the research-based tests to identify alternative conceptions and discuss test results with teachers is a promising way to use the knowledge of alternative conceptions in professional development. We also identify some mismatches between the research of conceptual change and its use in programs of professional development.
An “interesting” strange attractor in the dynamics of a hopping robot

This article applies discrete dynamical systems theory to the dynamic analysis of a simplified vertical hopping robot model that is analogous to Raibert's hopping machines. A Poincare return map is developed to capture the dynamic behavior, and two basic nondimensional parameters that influence the systems dynamics are iden tified. The hopping behavior of the system is investigated by constructing the bifurcation diagrams of the Poincare return map. The bifurcation diagrams show a period-dou bling cascade leading to a regime of chaotic behavior, where a "strange attractor" is developed. An interesting feature of the dynamics is that the strange attractor can be controlled and eliminated by tuning an appropriate parameter corresponding to the duration of applied hop ping thrust. Physically, the collapse of the strange attrac tor leads to a globally stable period-1 orbit, which guar antees a stable uniform hopping motion.
MM-CK Subtypes Diagnose Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was used to analyze the serum MM-CK isoenzyme subtypes in 16 patients receiving streptokinase (SK) for attempted coronary thrombolysis early after acute myocardial infarction. Twelve patients had revascularization documented by serial coronary angiograms (Group I); in four patients, angiography documented no such reperfusion (Group II). The data also were compared with a previously reported group of 8 patients who did not receive streptokinase (Group III). Total and MB-CK activity, as well as the MM-CK isoenzyme subtypes MM3-CK, MM2-CK, and MM1-CK tended to rise earlier and peak earlier in Group I compared with Group II; serum MM3-CK, the predominant subtype in myocardium, however, definitely peaked earlier in Group I (8.65 ± 2.07 hr) compared with Group II (18.50 ± 6.67 hr) (p < 0.001). Soon after its release from myocardium, MM3-CK is converted in the serum to MM2-CK and eventually to MM1-CK; thus, the MM3- CK: MM1-CK ratio amplifies the time course of subtype conversion. The MM3-CK: MM1-CK activity ratio peaked earlier in Group I (5.51 ± 0.97 H) compared to Group II (10.74 ± 3.28 hr) (p < 0.01), and peaked even earlier than MM3-CK (p < 0.007) in both Groups I and II. Thus, the time course of the MM3-CK: MM1-CK ratio separates those patients who reperfuse when early SK is used after acute myocardial infarction from those who do not, and does it significantly earlier than the other enzymatic parameters of cellular necrosis, total CK, and MB-CK.
Molecular dynamics simulation of AFM studies of a single polymer chain

Single polymer chain force-extension behavior measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was interpreted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation performed by applying a bead-spring (coarse-graining) model in which the bond potential function between adjacent beads is described by a worm-like chain (WLC) model. Simulation results indicate that caution should be applied when interpreting experimental AFM data, because the data vary depending on the point of AFM tip-polymer chain attachment. This approach offers an effective way for eventual analysis of the mechanical behavior of complex polymer networks.
Automating ultrasonic vocalization analyses: the WAAVES program.

Abstract Background Human emotion is a crucial component of drug abuse and addiction. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) elicited by rodents are a highly translational animal model of emotion in drug abuse studies. A major roadblock to comprehensive use of USV data is the overwhelming burden to attain accurate USV assessment in a timely manner. One of the most accurate methods of analyzing USVs, human auditory detection with simultaneous spectrogram inspection, requires USV sound files to be played back 4% normal speed. New method WAAVES (WAV-file Automated Analysis of Vocalizations Environment Specific) is an automated USV assessment program utilizing MATLAB's Signal and Image Processing Toolboxes in conjunction with a series of customized filters to separate USV calls from background noise, and accurately tabulate and categorize USVs as flat or frequency-modulated (FM) calls. In the current report, WAAVES functionality is demonstrated by USV analyses of cocaine self-administration data collected over 10 daily sessions. Results WAAVES counts are significantly correlated with human auditory counts ( r (48) = 0.9925; p Comparison with existing method WAAVES output is highly accurate and provides tabulated data in approximately 0.3% of the time required when using human auditory detection methods. Conclusions The development of a customized USV analysis program, such as WAAVES streamlines USV assessment and enhances the ability to utilize USVs as a tool to advance drug abuse research and ultimately develop effective treatments.
Iron metabolism in premature infants: I. Absorption and utilization of iron as measured by isotope studies**

Data from study of 14 well and healthy premature infants, 1 to 10 weeks old given1 μc of Fe 59 , were analyzed for percentage absorption and utilization of iron. A significant correlation between tagged iron absorption and rate of growth was demonstrated. The course of absorbed isotopic iron was traced by surface counting of internal organs and blood sampling. The amount of tracer iron utilized for hemoglobin formation correlated significantly with rate of growth. The degree of erythropoietic activity appears to affect positively the immediate utilization of absorbed iron. Premature infants absorb and utilize iron to a greater degree during the first 10 weeks of life than in later infancy and childhood.
Quantum dot blinking : relevance to physical limits for nanoscale optoelectronic device

In designing nanoscale optoelectronic devices based on a small number of active quantum dots, it is of interest to consider that semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) are observed to blink “on” and “off”. The time probability distributions scale as an inverse power law for colloidal quantum dots and exponentially for self-assembled dots. Possible mechanisms that cause the inverse power law and exponential blinking statistics are discussed in the paper and the relevance to quantum-dot based system architectures is discussed.
The effects of bonus schemes on accounting decisions

Studies examining managerial accounting decisions postulate that executives rewarded by earnings-based bonuses select accounting procedures that increase their compensation. The empirical results of these studies are conflicting. This paper analyzes the format of typical bonus contracts, providing a more complete characterization of their accounting incentive effects than earlier studies. The test results suggest that (1) accrual policies of managers are related to income-reporting incentives of their bonus contracts, and (2) changes in accounting procedures by managers are associated with adoption or modification of their bonus plan.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against μ- or κ-opioid receptors block agonist-induced body temperature changes in rats

PL017 and dynorphin A1-17 were shown previously to cause a marked increase and a profound decrease in body temperature (Tb), respectively. In this study, we examined whether an antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (oligo) against cloned mu or kappa opioid receptors could block PL017- or dynorphin A-induced body temperature changes. Treatment with an AS oligo against mu receptors, but not sense (S) oligo, missense (MS) oligo or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), abolished PL017-induced hyperthermia. In addition, treatment with an AS oligo against kappa receptors, but not S oligo, MS oligo or aCSF, greatly attenuated dynorphin A-induced hypothermia. This study further supports the notion that mu and kappa receptors mediate Tb regulation.
Integrative network component analysis for regulatory network reconstruction

Network Component Analysis (NCA) has shown its effectiveness inregulator identification by inferring the transcription factor activity (TFA) whenboth microarray data and ChIP-on-chip data are available. However, the NCAscheme is not applicable to many biological studies due to the lack of completeChIP-on-chip data. In this paper, we propose an integrative NCA (iNCA) approachto combine motif information, limited ChIP-on-chip data, and geneexpression data for regulatory network inference. Specifically, a Bayesian frameworkis adopted to develop a novel strategy, namely stability analysis with topologicalsampling, to infer key TFAs and their downstream gene targets. TheiNCA approach with stability analysis reduces the computational cost by avoidinga direct estimation of the high-dimensional distribution in a traditionalBayesian approach. Stability indices are designed to measure the goodness of theestimated TFAs and their connectivity strengths. The approach can also be usedto evaluate the confidence level of different data sources, considering the inevitableinconsistency among the data sources. The iNCA approach has beenapplied to a time course microarray data set of muscle regeneration. The experimentalresults show that iNCA can effectively integrate motif information, ChIP-on-chip data and microarray data to identify key regulators and their gene targetsin muscle regeneration. In particular, several identified TFAs like those ofMyoD, myogenin and YY1 are well supported by biological experiments.
Bayesian Optimal Design Of Experiments For Sensor Calibration

We present a new method for the efficient response-surface generation and calibration of sensors. The method requires fewer points than the number of parameters in the sensor's response function and is achieved by taking account of information from previously calibrated sensors of the same type, using a Bayesian I-optimal approach. A demonstration is given based on data from a set of 60 silicon, capacitive, absolute-pressure transducers. A factor of two reduction in average expected squared error of prediction was attained. Capabilities for implementation are included in the latest version of the program I-OPT which is currently in Version 3.1 and available by anonymous FTP.
Where cognitive development and aging meet: face learning ability peaks after age 30.

Research on age-related cognitive change traditionally focuses on either development or aging, where development ends with adulthood and aging begins around 55 years. This approach ignores age-related changes during the 35 years in-between, implying that this period is uninformative. Here we investigated face recognition as an ability that may mature late relative to other abilities. Using data from over 60,000 participants, we traced the ability to learn new faces from pre-adolescence through middle age. In three separate experiments, we show that face learning ability improves until just after age 30 – even though other putatively related abilities (inverted face recognition and name recognition) stop showing age-related improvements years earlier. Our data provide the first behavioral evidence for late maturation of face processing and the dissociation of face recognition from other abilities over time demonstrates that studies on adult age development can provide insight into the organization and development of cognitive systems.
Achieving a given reflectance for unpolarized light by controlling the incidence angle and the thickness of a transparent thin film on an absorbing substrate : application to energy equipartition in the four-detector photopolarimeter

At a given wavelength λ we determine all possible solution pairs (ϕ, ζ) of the incidence angle ϕ and the thickness ζ of a transparent thin film on an absorbing substrate that achieve a given unpolarized light reflectance. Ru. The trajectory of the point that represents a solution pair in the ζ, ϕ plane depends on the optical properties of the film and substrate and on whether Ru is greater than or less than the normal-incidence reflectance R¯0 of the bare substrate. When Ru>R¯0, the specified reflectance is achieved over a limited range of ϕ. At the least possible incidence angle, the film thickness is ≈⅛th wave. As an application we consider SiO2 films on Si detectors that produce Ru=0.75, 0.6667, and 0.50 at λ = 337 and 633 nm. If the first three detectors of the four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) are coated to have these reflectance levels, with the reflectance diminishing in the direction of propagation of the light beam, and the last detector is antireflection coated (e.g., with a quarter-wave Si3N4 layer), equipartition of energy among the four detectors is accomplished for incident unpolarized light. Such a condition is desirable in the operation of the FDP. The ellipsometric parameters of the coated surfaces and the FDP instrument matrix are also calculated.
Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot): neglected for 47 years and subsequent treatment

A 47-year-old white woman presented to the podiatry clinic with congenital bilateral residual talipes equinovarus (TEV). The condition progressively worsened as her job requires her to stand for extended periods of time. The patient states that she has increased symptoms of pain in her hallux of the right foot as well as generalised foot pain bilaterally. The patient recalls having corrective surgery as a child. She was offered further surgical correction during adulthood but declined. The patient takes no medication and has no systemic conditions. There is no family history of TEV. The patient admits to being born prematurely. Vascular and neurological examinations were unremarkable. Clinical observation (video 1), radiographs (figures 1 and 2), plantar pressure analysis (F-Scan; video 2) and a gait examination (video 3) were performed. Significant findings were residual TEV bilaterally, a dorsal bunion and rigidly contracted hallux on the right. Orthopaedics dispensed bilateral accommodative shoe inserts made from 1/4″ white plastazote and 1/16″ pink plastazote and bilateral below-inlay heel lifts made from 1/4″ felt were provided to the patient. …
Late-onset traumatic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap dehiscence.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap dehiscence following focal trauma six months after uneventful refractive surgery. METHODS: Case report. A 37 year old man was seen one day after a tree branch snapped tangentially against his left cornea causing a dehiscence of his LASIK flap. RESULTS: The flap was repositioned after treating the exposed flap stroma with a 50:50 mixture of distilled water and balanced salt solution. The patient regained 20/20 uncorrected visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients should be informed about the potential for traumatic flap dehiscence following LASIK surgery and advised to wear eye protection when appropriate. Due to minimal wound healing except at the edges of the flap, corneal flap dehiscence may occur months or years after uneventful LASIK.
The New Environmental Regulation

The New Environmental Regulation. By Daniel J. Fiorino. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2006. 290p. $23.00. The subject matter of this book is not exactly what its title suggests. The author's attention is limited to industrial pollution regulatory policy in the United States, rather than focusing on environmental regulation more broadly. And the “new” regulation it touts is not really all that new. Daniel Fiorino does not describe and analyze something that has been invented recently, say, in the last five to 10 years, nor does he propose something wholly original or novel that has never before been tried or imagined. Many of the regulatory tools that he lumps together under the label of “new” can be traced back decades, some to even before the modern federal pollution regulatory era began in 1970, and so many of them are as old as or older than much of his “old” pollution regulation. Fiorino uses the adjective “new” because it is an inherently appealing, future-oriented label whether one is selling soap, politicians, or ideas. Although “old” hints at something worn out, no longer desirable, and perhaps near death, he does not want to bury the old regulation: “Designing and implementing a new regulation does not mean that we should do away with the old one” (p. 190). By using “old” as his label of convenience, he at least sidesteps an ideological minefield by avoiding the also-loaded label “command and control,” which is often used by political critics of adversarial, directive regulation in the public interest.
A turbo-style algorithm for lexical baseforms estimation

In this research, an iterative and unsupervised Turbo-style algorithm is presented and implemented for the task of automatic lexical acquisition. The algorithm makes use of spoken examples of both spellings and words and fuses information from letter and subword recognizers to boost the overall lexical learning performance. The algorithm is tested on a challenging lexicon of restaurant and street names and evaluated in terms of spelling accuracy and letter error rate. Absolute improvements of 7.2% and 3% (15.5% relative improvement) are obtained in the spelling accuracy and the letter error rate respectively following only 2 iterations of the algorithm.
Class and Gender: Conflicting Components of Women's Behaviour in the Textile Mills of Lille, Roubaix and Tourcoing, 1880–1914

There is at present much interest in historical explanations for the political attitudes and collective behaviour of industrial workers. Typically, such I explanations develop out of descriptions of production relations. In some cases, historians have adduced the constituents of such relations (including shopfloor conditions, job skills and hierarchies of workers and employers) to explain strikes, unions, and mass-based political parties. In other cases, historians of labouring people have emphasized one or another of these elements – e.g. relative levels of skill – in efforts to explain collective behaviour. Still others have taken a more general view, ascribing workers' collective rebellion to the history of industrial capitalism itself; in this view, conditions for rebellion depend upon the historical moment, or conjuncture.
Creating musical structure from the temporal dynamics of soundscapes

Acoustic signal mixtures from the environment often manifest interesting structural properties. These features can be used to generate musical forms, but access is a problem. Here, Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis (PLCA) has been used to automatically extract independent sources from a mixed signal of environmental sounds. Excitation information corresponding to the temporal evolution of independent acoustic sources in the original environment is extracted. Given this information, we map the temporal dynamics of each independent sound source to a variety of parameters in a musical composition. Thus, the temporal flow of auditory events in an environmental soundscape is used to determine musical structure. After a discussion of PLCA, related composers and music compositions are highlighted. Thereafter, an approach to mapping the temporal dynamics of a given soundscape to a musical setting using source separation techniques is illustrated.
Lymphedema in Noonan's Syndrome

Chronic edema can be debilitating in Noonan's syndrome. Transient childhood lymphedema may be followed by elephantiasis as early as adolescence. Recurrent streptococcal cellulitis exacerbates this problem. Hygenic measures and prophylactic antiobiotic therapy may slow progression of lymphedema of the legs in Noonan's syndrome.
On the Rearrangeability of Reverse Shuffle/Exchange Networks

This paper proposes a new rearrangeable algorithm in a multistage reverse shuffle/exchange network. Currently, the best upper bound for the rearrangeability of a shuffle/exchange network in nonsymmetric networks is 3logN-3 stages. We describe the rearrangeability of reverse shuffle/exchange multistage interconnection network on every arbitrary permutation with N\leqslant16. It can be established by setting two more stages in the middle stage of the network to allow the reduced network to be topological equivalent to a class of rearrangeable networks. The results enable us to establish an upper bound, 2logN+l stages for reverse shuffle/exchange network with N\leqslant16, and leads to the possibility of this bound when N\ge16.
Screening for immunomodulators: Effects of xenobiotics on macrophage chemiluminescence in vitro

Macrophage chemiluminescence (CL) was evaluated as a primary screening assay by assessing the modulatory activity of 17 different chemicals. The chemicals were either known immunomodulatory drugs or environmental toxicants with reported immunomodulatory activity. Elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to the chemicals in vitro, and CL was measured in response to an opsonized yeast stimulus. Ten chemicals (hydrocortisone, dextran sulfate, di-n-octyltin dichloride, dimethyltin dichloride, azathioprine, lambda carrageenan (l-carrageenan), lead, N-propyl gallate, gallic acid, and indomethacin) were identified as effective modulators of CL. The polyanions dextran sulfate and l-carrageenan either suppressed or enhanced CL, depending on the experimental conditions, while the remaining modulators were inhibitory. A series of secondary assays was used to verify this modulatory activity and to explore different mechanisms of action. Each effective modulator altered only a few specific components of the more complex CL response, and the following general mechanisms were apparent. At least 2 chemicals showed distinct antioxidant activity and thus probably did not alter functional aspects of macrophage CL. Chemicals which blocked Fc receptor function delayed the peak CL of macrophages stimulated by opsonized yeast. Nine of the 10 modulators inhibited hydrogen peroxide release, but only 3 inhibited the release of superoxide. Finally, some effective modulators were chemicals known to interact with cell membranes or specific membrane receptors, and these were able to directly induce a CL response without the addition of opsonized yeast as a stimulus. Thus, macrophage CL was a simple, quantitative, yet sensitive immunotoxicologic screening assay capable of identifying many known immunomodulatory drugs. Supplementary assays were useful both in confirming the functional effects of these chemicals on CL and in delineating potential mechanisms by which modulation of CL can occur.
Hypoxia modulates the expression of leucine zipper-positive MYPT1 and its interaction with protein kinase G and Rho kinases in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.

AbstractWe have shown previously that acute hypoxia downregulates protein kinase G (PKG) expression and activity in ovine fetal pulmonary vessels and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Here, we report that acute hypoxia also reduces the expression of leucinezipper-positive MYPT1 (LZ+ MYPT1), a subunit of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase, in ovine fetal pulmonary arterial SMC. We found that in hypoxia, there is greater interaction between LZ+MYPT1 and RhoA and Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1)/Rho kinase 2 (ROCK2) and decreased interaction between LZ+MYPT1 and PKG, resulting in increased MLC20 phosphorylation, a higher pMLC20/MLC20 ratio and SMC contraction. In normoxic SMC PKG overexpression,LZ+MYPT1 expression is upregulated while PKG knockdown had an opposite effect. LZ+MYPT1 overexpression enhanced the interaction between PKG and LZ+MYPT1. Overexpression of a mutant LZ-MYPT1 isoform in SMC mimicked the effects of acute hypoxia and decreased pMLC20/MLC20 ratio. Collectively, our data suggest that hypo...
Developing evidence-based nursing roles: lessons learned from the health care integrator role.

TOPIC. Developing evidence-based nursing roles. PURPOSE. This study examined a unique nursing role in the United States Air Force to determine if it had been well institutionalized and to identify barriers and facilitators during the implementation process. SOURCE OF INFORMATION. Individuals functioning in the role were surveyed to measure time spent on specific job-related tasks, additional duties, and positive and negative experiences. CONCLUSIONS. Eighty-seven percent of the respondents (n = 45) indicated that the role had been well implemented, although wide variation existed in tasks performed and major organizational barriers identified. Findings of this study can be used to guide the development of other evidence-based positions.
A Nomological Network Analysis of Research on Information Security Management Systems

This study offers a comprehensive examination of hypothetical concepts related to the behaviors, attitudes, outcomes, processes, experiences, manifestations and indicators connected with an organization's design, implementation and management of a coherent set of policies, procedures and systems to manage risks to its information assets. We introduce network analysis tools as a novel approach to highlight the construct relationships found in Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) literature published in the new millennium. Descriptive results display a significant expansion in the research of ISMS-related phenomena. Network analyses showcase the critical influence of certain constructs in scholarly publications as well as the most salient relationships among these constructs. Our study provides a gap analysis that also underscores those constructs that may require further exploration by this stream of research.
Order optimal delay for opportunistic scheduling in multi-user wireless uplinks and downlinks

We consider a one-hop wireless network with independent time varying ON/OFF channels and N users, such as a multi-user uplink or downlink. We first show that general classes of scheduling algorithms that do not consider queue backlog must incur average delay that grows at least linearly with N . We then construct a dynamic queue-length aware algorithm that maximizes throughput and achieves an average delay that is independent of N. This is the first order-optimal delay result for opportunistic scheduling with asymmetric links. The delay bounds are achieved via a technique of queue grouping together with Lyapunov drift and statistical multiplexing concepts.
Enhanced Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Activity of Deglycosylated Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Ovarian Granulosa Cells

The receptor binding properties and biological actions of chemically deglycosylated asialo human CG (AHF-hCG) were studied in ovarian granulosa cells from diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated immature rats. In ovarian homogenates from DES- and FSH-treated rats, the relative binding affinity of AHF-hCG was 2-fold higher than that of native hCG and 14-fold higher than that of ovine LH. When assayed for LH-like activity in granulosa cells from DES plus FSH-treated animals, the deglycosylated hormone behaved as a partial agonist in terms of cAMP formation, but fully stimulated progesterone production to the same extent as that elicited by LH. When added with LH to FSH-treated cells, AHF-hCG inhibited LH-stimulated cAMP formation by 70% but did not alter the elevated level of progesterone production. These findings are consistent with the presence of excess or spare LH receptors in the maturing granulosa cell. When added to freshly prepared granulosa cells which have minimal LH receptors, AHF-hCG decreased FSH-stimulated cAMP production by 20% and reduced progesterone production by 50% and increased cGMP formation by 100% during 48 h of culture. The ability of AHF-hCG to decrease the progesterone response to FSH suggests that no spare FSH receptors are present during granulosa cell differentiation. In contrast, native hCG did not alter FSH-induced cAMP or progesterone production but reduced the cGMP responses to FSH and choleragen. Whereas native hCG displayed negligible binding potency when compared with that of ovine FSH in competition with [125I]iodo-human FSH for ovarian receptors, AHF-hCG bound to FSH receptors with about 5% of the binding affinity of ovine FSH. In choleragen-treated granulosa cells, the increases in cAMP and progesterone synthesis were enhanced by addition of both hCG and AHF-hCG, and cGMP production was increased by AHF-hCG but slightly decreased by hCG. These results indicate that the enhanced LH receptor affinity caused by removal of the sugar moieties from hCG is accompanied by a relatively greater increase in FSH receptor affinity, and that deglycosylated hCG acts as a partial agonist with the ability to modify granulosa cell responses to both LH and FSH.
Improving Passage Efficiency of Adult American Shad at Low-Elevation Dams with Navigation Locks

Abstract Use of navigation locks represents a low-cost alternative to the construction of fishways or lifts at low-elevation (<5 m) dams. We used sonic tracking to assess the passage efficiency of adult American shad Alosa sapidissima in 1996–1998 through the navigation locks at Lock and Dam 1 on the Cape Fear River, North Carolina. We also tested the passage efficiency at a steeppass fishway installed in 1997. Eighty-six tagged American shad were released below the dam over the 3-year study; passage efficiency ranged from 18% in 1997 (a year of high discharge during the tracking period) to 61% in 1998. During low flows, we were able to improve passage efficiency by (1) operating the lock to pass fish through until mid-June, (2) increasing attraction flows emanating from the lock entrance, (3) conducting as many lockages (i.e., use of locks to pass fish upstream) as possible in a day, and (4) closing one of the lower lock gates to better retain fish in the lock chamber after they had entered. The steeppas...
Perceptual evidence and the capacity view

Susanna Schellenberg defends what she calls a "capacity view" concerning perceptual evidence. In this paper, I raise six challenges to Schellenberg's argument.
The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis

The apical portion of the Arabidopsis globular stage embryo gives rise to the cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) gene is required for SAM formation during embryogenesis and for SAM function throughout the lifetime of the plant. To more precisely define the development of molecular pattern in the apical portion of the embryo, and the role of the STM gene in the development of this pattern, we have examined AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) and CLAVATA1 (CLV1) expression in wild-type and stm mutant embryos. The transcripts of these genes mark subdomains within the apical portion of the embryo. Our results indicate that: (1) the molecular organization characteristic of the vegetative SAM is not present in the globular embryo but instead develops gradually during embryogenesis; (2) radial pattern exists in the apical portion of the embryo prior to and independent of STM with STM expression itself responding to radial information; (3) the embryonic SAM consists of central and peripheral subdomains that express different combinations of molecular markers and differ in their ultimate fates; and (4) STM activity is required for UFO expression, STM is required for maintenance but not onset of CLV1 expression and the pattern of ANT expression is independent of STM.
A high-speed, low-resource ASR back-end based on custom arithmetic

With the skyrocketing popularity of mobile devices, new processing methods tailored to a specific application have become necessary for low-resource systems. This work presents a high-speed, low-resource speech recognition system using custom arithmetic units, where all system variables are represented by integer indices and all arithmetic operations are replaced by hardware-based table lookups. To this end, several reordering and rescaling techniques, including two accumulation structures for Gaussian evaluation and a novel method for the normalization of Viterbi search scores, are proposed to ensure low entropy for all variables. Furthermore, a discriminatively inspired distortion measure is investigated for scalar quantization of forward probabilities to maximize the recognition rate. Finally, heuristic algorithms are explored to optimize system-wide resource allocation. Our best bit-width allocation scheme only requires 59 kB of ROMs to hold the lookup tables, and its recognition performance with various vocabulary sizes in both clean and noisy conditions is nearly as good as that of a system using a 32-bit floating-point unit. Simulations on various architectures show that, on most modern processor designs, we can expect a cycle-count speedup of at least three times over systems with floating-point units. Additionally, the memory bandwidth is reduced by over 70% and the offline storage for model parameters is reduced by 80%
Contrasting levels of DNA polymorphism at the autosomal and X-linked visual color pigment loci in humans and squirrel monkeys.

The X-linked color pigment (opsin) locus is known to be highly polymorphic in the squirrel monkey and other New World monkeys. To see whether this is also the case for the autosomal (blue) opsin locus, we obtained 32 squirrel monkey and 30 human blue opsin gene sequences. No amino acid polymorphism was found in either the squirrel monkey sample or the human sample, contrary to the situation at the X-linked opsin locus. This sharp contrast in the level of polymorphism might be due to differences in gene expression between the autosomal and the X-linked loci. At the X-linked locus, heterozygote advantage can occur because, owing to X-inactivation, the two alleles in a heterozygote are expressed in different cone cells, producing two types of cone cell, whereas at the autosomal locus, heterozygote advantage cannot occur because the two alleles in a heterozygote are expressed in the same cone cells, producing only one type of cone cell (i.e., phenotypically a homozygote). From the sequence data, the levels of nucleotide diversity (pi, i.e., the number of nucleotide differences per site) are estimated: for the human sample, pi = 0.00% per nondegenerate site, 0.00% per twofold degenerate site, and 0.04% per fourfold degenerate site in the coding regions and 0.01% per site in intron 4; for the squirrel monkey sample, pi = 0.00% per nondegenerate site, 0.00% per twofold degenerate site, and 0.15% per fourfold degenerate site in the coding regions and 0.17% per site in intron 4. The blue opsin genes from the common and pygmy chimpanzees, the gorilla, the capuchin, and the howler monkey were also sequenced. Features critical to the function of the opsin are well conserved in all known mammalian sequences. However, the interhelical loops are, on average, actually more conservative than the transmembrane helical regions. In addition, these sequence data and those from some other genes indicate that the common and pygmy chimpanzees are not closely related, their divergence data being from one third to one half the date of the human-chimpanzee divergence.