cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Necessity of noise in physiology and medicine

Noise is omnipresent in biomedical systems and signals. Conventional views assume that its presence is detrimental to systems' performance and accuracy. Hence, various analytic approaches and instrumentation have been designed to remove noise. On the contrary, recent contributions have shown that noise can play a beneficial role in biomedical systems. The results of this literature review indicate that noise is an essential part of biomedical systems and often plays a fundamental role in the performance of these systems. Furthermore, in preliminary work, noise has demonstrated therapeutic potential to alleviate the effects of various diseases. Further research into the role of noise and its applications in medicine is likely to lead to novel approaches to the treatment of diseases and prevention of disability.
Molecular cloning and characterization of endogenous feline leukemia virus sequences from a cat genomic library

Recombinant bacteriophage lambda clones from a cat genomic library derived from placental DNA of a specific pathogen-free cat were screened to identify endogenous feline leukemia virus (FeLV) sequences. Restriction endonuclease mapping of four different clones indicates that there are a number of similarities among them, notably the presence of a 6.0- to 6.4-kilobase pair (kbp) EcoRI hybridizing fragment containing portions of sequences homologous to the gag, pol, env, and long terminal repeat-like elements of the infectious FeLV. The endogenous FeLV sequences isolated are approximately 4 kbp in length and are significantly shorter than the cloned infectious FeLV isolates, which are 8.5 to 8.7 kbp in length. The endogenous elements have 3.3- to 3.6-kbp deletions in the gag-pol region and approximately 0.7- to 1.0-kbp deletions in the env region. These deletions would render them incapable of encoding an infectious virus and may therefore be related to the non-inducibility of FeLV from uninfected cat cells and the subgenomic expression of these endogenous sequences in placental tissue. It appears that there is conservation in the ordering of restriction sites previously reported in the proviruses of the infectious FeLVs in sequences corresponding to the pol and env boundary as well as the region spanning the env gene of the endogenous clones, whereas a greater divergence occurs among restriction sites mapped to the gag and part of the pol regions of the infectious FeLV. Such deleted, FeLV-related subsets of DNA sequences could have originated either by germ-line integration of a complete ecotropic virus followed by deletion, or by integration of a preexisting, defective, deleted variant of the infectious virus.
High frequency breakdown in diffused transistors

In addition to offering such desirable performance characteristics as very large bandwidth and appreciably high current gain, transistors manufactured by diffusion techniques possess a high frequency voltage capability that is significantly in excess of the breakdown voltage which materializes under quiescent operating conditions. This paper attributes voltage capability enhancement in diffused transistors to the excess phase which is evidenced in the current gain characteristics of these devices. An "excess breakdown function," developed in this paper, permits direct calculation of the factor by which quiescent breakdown specifications can be safely exceeded at given frequencies of operation.
Getting to the heart of the matter: long non‐coding RNAs in cardiac development and disease

Cardiogenesis in mammals requires exquisite control of gene expression and faulty regulation of transcriptional programs underpins congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common defect among live births. Similarly, many adult cardiac diseases involve transcriptional changes and sometimes have a developmental basis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of transcripts that regulate cellular processes by controlling gene expression; however, detailed insights into their biological and mechanistic functions are only beginning to emerge. Here, we discuss recent findings suggesting that lncRNAs are important factors in regulation of mammalian cardiogenesis and in the pathogenesis of CHD as well as adult cardiac disease. We also outline potential methodological and conceptual considerations for future studies of lncRNAs in the heart and other contexts.
Impact of cardiac devices on the quality of life in pediatric patients.

Background— Cardiac rhythm devices are increasingly used in the pediatric population, although their impact on quality of life (QOL) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to compare (QOL) scores among pediatric device patients, healthy controls, and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients and determine the key drivers of QOL in pediatric device patients. Methods and Results— Multicenter, cross-sectional study at 8 pediatric centers of subjects aged 8 to 18 years with either a pacemaker or defibrillator was carried out. Patient–parent pairs completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory. QOL outcomes in device patients were compared with healthy controls and patients with various forms of CHD. Structural equation modeling was used to test for differences in Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory scores among (1) device type, (2) presence of CHD, and (3) hypothesized key drivers of QOL. One hundred seventy-three patient–parent pairs (40 defibrillators/133 pacemakers) were included. Compared with healthy controls, patients with devices and their parents reported significantly lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scoring. Similarly, compared with patients with mild forms of CHD, parents and patients with devices reported significantly lower Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory scores and were similar to patients with more severe CHD. Key drivers of patient QOL were presence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and CHD. For patients, self-perception was a key driver of lower QOL, whereas for parents behavioral issues were associated with lower QOL. Conclusions— Patient QOL is significantly affected by the presence of cardiac rhythm devices. Whether these effects can be mitigated through the use of psychotherapy needs to be assessed.
The Hahn metric on Riemann surfaces

Recently, K. T. Hahn introduced a new pseudodifferential metric for complex manifolds by means of an extremal problem. This metric is investigated in the special case of Riemann surfaces. First, the metric is related to two other extremal problems on a Riemann surface. Next, basic properties of the Hahn metric are studied; in particular, it is shown that the Hahn metric is complete if it is nontrivial. For simply and doubly connected Riemann surfaces the Hahn metric is explicitly calculated it is also studied on tori. Finally, the Hahn metric is shown to have generalized Gaussian curvature at least — 4; for the unit disk it has constant curvature —4.
Gaps in the Evidence for Well-Child Care: A Challenge to Our Profession

Background. Up to one third of visits to pediatricians involve health supervision (well-child care), and recommendations for office-based preventive interventions have dramatically expanded. We reviewed the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions. Methods. The well-child care recommendations of 7 major North American organizations were tabulated. Three types of health supervision interventions were recommended, ie, behavioral counseling, screening, and prophylaxis. For recommendations common to at least 2 of the 7 organizations, evidence of effectiveness was sought from systematic reviews and clinical trials. Immunizations were not considered for this review, because they have been reviewed elsewhere. Results. Forty-two preventive interventions were recommended by ≥2 of the organizations. Limited clinical trials show that counseling can change some health risk behaviors; repeated intensive counseling is most likely to be effective. Harmful effects were shown for a few behavioral counseling interventions. Trials have been conducted for only 2 of the recommended screening interventions; therefore, rigorous evidence supporting screening is very limited. Trials support the use of folate to prevent neural tube defects, trials of iron supplementation do not address developmental outcomes, and trials were not found for the other recommended prophylactic interventions. Conclusions. Limited direct evidence was found to support the recommended interventions. Because a large number of interventions are routinely recommended and often mandated and because the implementation of any recommendation may cause harm (including the displacement of other beneficial activities), these recommendations should be based on the strongest possible evidence. When recommendations are made, supporting evidence should be clearly stated.
Pyroxene thermobarometry in LL-group chondrites and implications for parent body metamorphism

Geothermometry based on the compositions of clinopyroxenes in type 6 and 7 LL chondrites gives coherent results, but the estimated temperatures from coexisting orthopyroxenes are consistently lower than for clinopyroxenes. Orthopyroxene thermometry is suspect because of compositional effects of polymorphic inversions and/or unknown kinetic factors. Lack of clinopyroxene equilibration precludes accurate estimation of peak metamorphic temperatures for type 4 and 5 chondrites. There is no apparent correlation between Al content (a pressure-dependent variable) and equilibration temperature in chondritic pyroxenes. This finding, which is at variance with a previously published conclusion that temperature and pressure are correlated in metamorphosed chondrites, may have important implications for asteroid thermal models.
Tsunami generation: a comparison of traditional and normal mode approaches

Suxmary. Techniques to model tsunami generation by earthquakes may be divided into two broad categories, according to whether the ocean and solid earth are fully or partially coupled. The former category includes normal mode techniques while the latter is comprised of more Qraditional approaches, including those in which the hydrodynamic equations for the ocean are solved subject to an inhomogeneous time-dependent boundary condition at the ocean floor. We compare representatives of each approach, using a solution for the flat earth tsunami mode excitation due to a point moment tensor earthquake source and a more traditional model in which the ocean floor boundary condition is derived from the static response of an elastic half- space to a point moment tensor. The results are nearly identical and extend to finite sources according to linear superposition, thus establishing the practical equivalence of the two conceptually divergent techniques and assuring the general validity of models with partial coupling.
A Transdisciplinary, Transcultural Model for Health Care

For the past 28 years, members of the Transcultural Nursing Society have been pioneers in generating knowledge about transcultural health issues, and this important body of knowledge will continue to increase and influence nursing research and practice worldwide. Yet at the same time, worldwide changes, demographic disparities, and new discoveries necessitate transitioning what has been a nursing discipline approach to that of a more inclusive transdisciplinary alliance. This alliance will build on pioneering strengths but also link with other disciplines such as anthropology, genetics, epidemiology, law, economics, and health policy to build cutting-edge research and theory for transcultural health care. A transdisciplinary, transcultural model for health care is presented for discussion, debate, and input. Suggestions are made for how such a model might be implemented through a changed curriculum using on-line education including consultation, teaching, and research.
Characterization of room temperature detectors using the proposed IEEE standard

The availability and quality of room temperature detectors such as cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) has improved in recent years. There are many applications for these, but at present there are inconsistencies among manufacturers and users in the methods of testing and describing them. To overcome this deficiency, a standard is being developed similar to the ones that apply to NaI, HPGe and other detectors. The standard will describe methods of measuring efficiency, resolution and noise, and will provide details of the test apparatus necessary to perform the tests. It will also take into account the differences between the newer semiconductor detectors and those developed earlier. It furnishes definitions for specialized terms. Tutorial material is included.
A stochastic model for high-Rayleigh-number convection

A stochastic one-dimensional model for thermal convection is formulated and applied to high-Rayleigh-number convection. Comparisons with experimental data for heat transfer in Rayleigh-Benard cells are used to estimate two model parameters. Using the model, the statistics of fluctuations in the core of the convection cell are studied
Array-based electrical detection of DNA with nanoparticle probes

A DNA array detection method is reported in which the binding of oligonucleotides functionalized with gold nanoparticles leads to conductivity changes associated with target-probe binding events. The binding events localize gold nanoparticles in an electrode gap; silver deposition facilitated by these nanoparticles bridges the gap and leads to readily measurable conductivity changes. An unusual salt concentration-dependent hybridization behavior associated with these nanoparticle probes was exploited to achieve selectivity without a thermal-stringency wash. Using this method, we have detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 500 femtomolar with a point mutation selectivity factor of approximately 100,000:1.
Layer of clay platelets in a peptide matrix: Binding, encapsulation, and morphology

Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the binding of peptides (M1: 1 H 2 G 3 I 4 N 5 T 6 T 7 K 8 P 9 F 10 K 11 S 12 V) to a stack of mobile clay platelets and evaluate the morphological responses on a cubic lattice. A coarse-grained description is used to model both platelets and peptides capturing the specificity of each residue. Mobility profiles of residues and their proximity to platelets (i.e., the local structural profile) suggest that the peptide binding is anchored by 7 Lys and 10 Lys. Correlation between the density profiles of platelets and peptides aided by the visual analysis shows that (i) the layered morphology is maintained due to peptide binding, (ii) the interstitial spacing between platelets, that is, the gallery width decreases on increasing the peptide concentration (consistent with recent experiments), (iii) relatively smaller amplitude of oscillations in peptide density profile around the inner clay galleries suggests that the peptides are more likely to bind at the layer boundaries and exterior surface of the platelets than intercalate. The radius of gyration (Rg) of the peptide shows nonmonotonic dependence on the peptide concentration (Cp).
A 23-Year Assessment of Vegetation Composition and Change in the Adirondack Alpine Zone, New York State

Abstract The Adirondack Mountains of New York State hold some of the southernmost communities of alpine vegetation in the eastern United States. Containing the greatest concentration of rare and endangered species in New York State, this ∼12,000-year-old ecosystem is important to understanding the ecological history of northeastern North America. In order to monitor floristic and vegetational shifts over time, 11 permanent transects were established in 1984 on four summits (Wright, Algonquin, Boundary, and Iroquois) of the MacIntyre Range in the Adirondack High Peaks region. Using the point-intercept method, all 11 transects were sampled in 1984, 1994, 2002, and 2007. Vegetation composition changed significantly over the 23-year period, with an overall decrease in bryophytes/lichens and an increase in vascular plants, indicating that vascular plants were replacing bryophytes, particularly in areas not disturbed by hikers. Community similarity was high among all transects, and increased with time for vascu...
Overlooked and Unheard Abuse of Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing and Their Experience With CPS and Foster Care

Children with hearing loss are considered a low-incidence disability population, yet abuse among this population is up to 4 times that of children who are typically developing. The needs among this...
Outcomes with daptomycin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections with a range of vancomycin MICs.

Objectives: Recent recommendations by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus suggest the use of alternative agents when vancomycin MIC values are ≥2 mg/L. This study examines the outcome of patients treated with daptomycin for S. aureus infections with documented vancomycin MICs. Patients and methods: All patients with skin, bacteraemia and endocarditis infections due to S. aureus with vancomycin MIC values in CORE 2005 –08, a retrospective, multicentre, observational registry, were studied. The outcome (cure, improved, failure or non-evaluable) was the investigator assessment at the end of daptomycin therapy. Success was defined as cure or improved. Results: Five hundred and forty-seven clinically evaluable patients were identified with discrete vancomycin MIC values [MIC ,2 mg/L: 451 (82%); MIC ≥2 mg/L: 96 (18%)]. The vancomycin MIC groups were well matched for patient characteristics, types of infections, first-line daptomycin use (19%) and prior vancomycin use (58%). Clinical success was reported in 94% of patients. No differences were detected in the daptomycin success rate by the vancomycin MIC group overall or by the infection type. A multivariate logistic regression also failed to identify vancomycin MIC as a predictor of daptomycin failure. Adverse event (AE) rates were not different when analysed by MIC group; both groups had � 17% of patients with one AE. Conclusions: In this diverse population, daptomycin was associated with similar outcomes for patients, regardless of whether the vancomycin MIC was categorized as , 2o r≥2 mg/L. Further studies are warranted.
Biological Control of the Parasitic Copepod Salmincola californiensis in a Commercial Trout Hatchery on the Lower Merced River, California

Abstract In the early 1990s, a serious infestation of the copepod Salmincola californiensis developed in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss held in a large commercial trout farm near Merced, California. Laboratory trials demonstrated that brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis held in experimental aquaria upstream of the rainbow trout effectively removed copepodid larvae from the water and substantially reduced parasite infestation in the rainbow trout by more than 89%. These encouraging laboratory findings prompted a large-scale commercial hatchery application. A brook trout population was established in the incoming water supply and upper concrete production ponds of the hatchery, and all lower production ponds were depopulated for a 2-week period. Uninfested rainbow trout were then reintroduced into the hatchery production ponds. Monthly pathological examinations of reintroduced rainbow trout and daily observations have not identified copepods on any rainbow trout in the facility following more than 2 years ...
Phosphoinositide Regulation of TRPM8 Channels in Planar Lipid Bilayers

The cold and menthol receptor TRPM8 is regulated by membrane phosphoinositides. To study the effects of lipids directly on the channel, we have reconstituted the purified TRPM8 in planar lipid bilayers. This system allows full control of the lipid composition in our experiments. The reconstituted channel was activated by menthol or cold, and its activity depended on the presence of specific phosphoinositides. In the presence of menthol, TRPM8 exhibited the highest probability of opening in the presence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] with Po ∼ 0.89 at +100 mV and Po ∼ 0.4 at −100 mV. Less channel activity was induced by phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] with Po ∼ 0.53 at +100 mV and Po ∼ 0.2 at −100 mV. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,4,5) P2] resulted in irregular TRPM8 channel currents and lower open probability with Po ∼ 0.21 at +100 mV and Po ∼ 0.087 at −100 mV. Among the tested lipids the lowest TRPM8 channel activity was induced by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] with Po ∼ 0.12 at +100 mV and Po ∼ 0.019 at −100 mV. The lipid specificity profile in lipid bilayers is very similar to that observed in excised patches.We have also studied the activation of TRPM8 channels in lipid bilayer with cold. Cooling the system with reconstituted TRPM8 channels also required the presence of PI(4,5)P2. The main shift in the channel behavior was observed in the temperature range from 21°C to 18°C where the channel showed drastic changes in the open probability from 0.05 to 0.85 at +100 mV.These results demonstrate that the TRPM8 protein is directly activated by cold, menthol and phosphoinositides.
Development of an observation protocol to study undergraduate engineering student resistance to active learning

Student resistance is often cited as a major barrier to instructors’ use of active learning, but there are few research-basedstrategies for reducing this barrier. In this paper, we describe the first phase of our research—the development andvalidation of a classroom observation protocol to assess student responses to instructors’ use of active learning. Thisprotocol, which draws upon other published observation protocols, allows researchers to capture data about instructors’use of and students’ responses to active learning. We also present findings from four first and second year engineeringcourses at two institutions that demonstrate the variety of ways engineering students resist active learning and strategiesthat engineering instructors have employed to reduce student resistance.
Corrections to Paper Entitled "Third Virial Coefficient for Air-Water Vapor Mixtures".

This note points out errors in the values of the third virial coefficients for pure water vapor which appeared in a 1967 paper by Hyland and Mason. The errors arose while converting from the units of Goff and of Keyes to the desired units of (liter/mole)2. The consequences of the errors are outlined, and it is shown that there is no effect on the primary results of the paper, namely, in the preferred values of the third interaction virial coefficient for air-water vapor mixtures, Caww .
An overview of the Tenth International Conference on Cancer Gene Therapy.

Dr. Scanlon, the new president (2001–2002) of the International Society of Cancer Gene Therapy, gave the conference summary and an overview of gene therapy in the new millennium. The conference reflected the progress made in the development of new promoters and improved delivery systems for gene therapy. Many presentations and posters focused on the progress in these areas. These scientific findings in the field of gene therapy may ultimately be exploited in the future developments of stem cell research. Conversely, challenges still remain before gene therapy will significantly impact cancer. The basic science of the cancer model systems lacked the ability to reflect the clinical reality of patient treatment. This places the burden on the physicians to be more vigilant to subtle changes in patient response that were not observed in the preclinical models. The bystander effect has yet to be fully understood and needs further clinical validation. Systemic delivery needs to be further addressed before a marketable product can be developed. The delivery systems discussed at the conference lack the ability to achieve pharmacological doses of therapeutic genes in the target tissue. Until these challenges are addressed, gene therapy will remain on the sidelines as a cancer modality. Yet, the field should be optimistic with the current progress. The future influences of the digital and genomic revolution in the health care industry will certainly impact the design of products for gene therapy. Dr. Scanlon concluded that the education of scientists would cross over into diverse disciplines so that novel observations will be exploited for new therapies. This gene therapy series will continue with the International Conference on the Gene Therapy of Cancer, scheduled for December 13–15, 2001, in San Diego, CA. Cancer Gene Therapy (2001) 8, 906–908
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM RESTRICTION ON ADRENAL CORTICAL RESPONSE TO ACTH.

SummaryIn dogs fed a low sodium diet for 5 days before being hypophysectomized and nephrectomized, ACTH exerts a greater aldosterone-stimulating effect than it does in dogs fed approximately 40 mEq of sodium/day. Longer periods of sodium restriction produce a further increase in this action of ACTH. Seventeen-hydroxycorticoid output in response to various ACTH doses is unaffected.
The spontaneous occurrence of wall-free organisms in the lungs of guinea pigs and their association with microvilli and cilia.

The spontaneous occurrence in the bronchi of guinea pigs of wall-free organisms structurally equivalent to L-phase variants of bacteria or mycoplasma has been demonstrated for the first time by electron microscopy. However, neither an L-phase variant of a bacterium nor a Mycoplasma was isolated on culture. The organisms are not believed to be virsuses because of their large size (281 nm.–950 nm. in diameter), their content of ribosome-like structures, and the absence of known ultrastructural characteristics of viruses. Similarly, the features found tend to exclude other organisms such as Bedsonia and Rickettsia. The intimate relationship to microvilli and to the basilar portion of cilia suggests both a means of extraordinary resistance to bronchial clearance and a special event in the life cycle of the organism. A relationship to exposure of the animals to air pollutants was not established.
Organization and function of a Hospital Ethics Committee

The developing ethics committee must address many issues around the structure and function of the committee. This article reviews such matters as membership, training, and committee policy. Committee functions are reviewed with suggestions about education as well as ethics consultation.
A dynamic heads-up air traffic locator & collision advisory display using Google Glass

First place winner of oral presentations. Presented to the 12th Annual Symposium on Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects (GRASP) held at the Heskett Center, Wichita State University, April 29, 2016.
A HAART-breaking Tale

This case discusses the synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction between metformin and tenofovir, resulting in lactic acidosis and renal failure.
The Serotype,Virulence Genes and Molecular Type of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Sichuan Province in 2009

Objective To understand the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains' serotype distribution,pathogenicity and molecular characteristics isolated from food poisoning outbreak and food safety surveillance in Sichuan region in 2009,so as to support the work of outbreak forecast and policy-making on Vibrio parahaemolyticus disease control.Methods By using the slide serum agglutination method to detect the serotypes of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from food poisoning outbreaks and routine surveillance on food safety in 2009 and by using PCR method to detected thermostable direct hemolysin gene(TDH) and thermostable direct hemolysin gene(TRH).The mice were conducted intraperitoneal injection of virulence experiments and with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) and were analyzed with aspect of molecular typing.Results There were five serogroups in the 40 strains and they were isolated from outbreaks belonged to the O3 and O4 groups;the main serogroup of the surveillance food isolated strains was O1,with a rate of 43.75%(7/16).There were multiple serotypes isolated strains in the same outbreaks;all strains TRH gene were negative and 20 of them carried the TDH virulence gene.The virulence experiment showed that the strains carrying TDH virulence gene and the strains carried no virulence genes were virulence.A total of 29 banding type were isolated from same outbreak by PFGE typing.Conclusion There is no apparent relationship between the Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from food and the outbreaks;the serotype and PFGE type of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from food were diverse.The relationship between the various strains and the outbreaks needs to be confirmed.
Role of Cytopathologic Diagnosis in a Case of Splenic Granulomata in an HIV Patient

Splenic granulomata are rare entities. These have typically been associated with the uncommon condition of splenic tuberculosis or part of miliary tuberculosis. Furthermore, the diagnosis of splenic granuloma is complex and makes the identification of the agent difficult, and this entity has rarely been diagnosed by cytopathologic methods. Review of the medical records revealed …
Clinical Features of Respiratory Viral Infections Among Inpatients at a Major US Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objectives Respiratory viral illnesses (RVI) are reliably diagnosed by respiratory viral panel using polymerase chain reaction (RVP-PCR); however, owing to the scant data, clinical presentation alone is unreliable in establishing viral etiology. The primary objective of this study was to characterize signs and symptoms of RVI among inpatients in a major tertiary care hospital. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, adult inpatients with RVI undergoing RVP-PCR were prospectively enrolled in our study. Clinical data were collected by interviews and electronic medical record reviews. Data analysis was performed using χ(2) testing, analysis of variance for continuous variables, and logistic regression modeling. Results Of 421 patients analyzed, 175 (41.7%) had a positive RVP-PCR. Patients were evenly matched at baseline except for renal disease. Multivariate logistic regression modeling demonstrated the following positive correlations: positive RVP-PCR with renal disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.08), cough (OR 2.28), and wheezing (OR 1.8); influenza with cough (OR 5.04), and renal disease (OR 2.17); metapneumovirus with age older than 65 (OR 3.24); respiratory syncytial viruses with wheezing (OR 3.42) and immunosuppression (OR 3.11); and parainfluenza with smoking (OR 3.16). Negative correlations included influenza with anosmia (OR 0.41); rhinovirus/enterovirus with feeling confined to bed (OR 0.3); metapneumovirus with smoking (OR 0.29); and parainfluenza with male sex (OR 0.22). Conclusions In this descriptive study, we noted specific viral associations with clinical signs and symptoms among 421 inpatients with RVIs. With increasing RVP-PCR use, studies similar to ours may be able to better define the clinical presentation of RVIs and lead to evidence-based, clinical presentation-guided diagnostic and management algorithms.
Intrusion Detection Systems for AMI

Recent studies have shown that AMI is potential to immense number of threats [7, 14, 19, 24, 25], which can affect the deployment and growth of smart grids. These studies outline that although there are some secure communication protocols used in smart grids, many vulnerabilities and exploitations have been observed. Despite these facts, limited progress has been made so far in order to detect malicious behaviors in smart grids [3, 4, 10]. In Chap. 1, Fig. 1.3 presents a typical AMI network. Smart meters communicate with intelligent data collectors using various mediums. These collectors communicate with the headend system (and vice versa) using WAN. Unlike traditional networks, AMI has its own requirements which pose significant challenges for monitoring and intrusion detection.
Cerebral Palsy and Leukomalacia in LBW Infants

Ultrasound findings and incidence of cerebral palsy in 24 infants < 2500 g with cystic periventricular leukomalacia are reported from Nagoya City University Med School, Japan.
A 25Gbps low-voltage waveguide Si-Ge avalanche photodiode

We demonstrate a waveguide Si-Ge avalanche photodiode with a breakdown voltage of −10V, a speed of 25GHz, and a gain-bandwidth product of 276GHz. The APD optical receiver achieved sensitivities of −25dBm and −16dBm at 12.5Gbps and 25Gbps at 1550nm, respectively.
Nonlinear state feedback control design to eliminate subcritical limit cycle oscillations in aeroelastic systems

A strictly nonlinear state feedback control law is designed for an aeroelastic system to eliminate subcritical limit cycle oscillations. Numerical continuation techniques and harmonic balance methods are employed to generate analytical estimates of limit cycle oscillation commencement velocity and its sensitivity with respect to the introduced control parameters. The obtained estimates are used in a multiobjective optimization framework to generate optimal control parameters which maximize the limit cycle oscillation commencement velocity while minimizing the control cost. Numerical simulations are used to show that the assumed nonlinear state feedback law with the optimal control parameters successfully eliminates any existing subcritical limit cycle oscillations by converting it to supercritical limit cycle oscillations, thereby guaranteeing safe operation of the system in its flight envelope.
Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S

Introduction Perceived social isolation (PSI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Social media platforms, commonly used by young adults, may offer an opportunity to ameliorate social isolation. This study assessed associations between social media use (SMU) and PSI among U.S. young adults. Methods Participants were a nationally representative sample of 1,787 U.S. adults aged 19–32 years. They were recruited in October–November 2014 for a cross-sectional survey using a sampling frame that represented 97% of the U.S. population. SMU was assessed using both time and frequency associated with use of 11 social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr, Vine, Snapchat, and Reddit. PSI was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scale. In 2015, ordered logistic regression was used to assess associations between SMU and SI while controlling for eight covariates. Results In fully adjusted multivariable models that included survey weights, compared with those in the lowest quartile for SMU time, participants in the highest quartile had twice the odds of having greater PSI (AOR=2.0, 95% CI=1.4, 2.8). Similarly, compared with those in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of SMU frequency had more than three times the odds of having greater PSI (AOR=3.4, 95% CI=2.3, 5.1). Associations were linear ( p Conclusions Young adults with high SMU seem to feel more socially isolated than their counterparts with lower SMU. Future research should focus on determining directionality and elucidating reasons for these associations.
Addressing Unmet Maternal Health Needs at a Pediatric Specialty Infant Care Clinic.

Abstract Objective The objective of this intervention was to evaluate the feasibility of screening mothers of medically fragile infants in the domains of 1) depression, 2) tobacco exposure, and 3) family planning at a post-neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) developmental pediatric visit. Additionally, we sought to estimate the percentage who met criteria for further evaluation in the three domains assessed. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 100 caregivers of medically fragile infants at a specialty, post-NICU clinic visit. Participants' responses in three domains were evaluated and appropriate referrals were provided. Analysis was then restricted to the 87 biological mothers who completed the screening. Study staff contacted the mothers 2 months later to determine whether services had been accessed and to assess overall satisfaction with the screening within the pediatric visit. Qualitative interviews were conducted with pediatric clinic staff. Results Screening questionnaires were completed by 87 biological mothers. Twenty-two mothers (25%) met referral criteria. Pediatric clinic staff and providers were comfortable administering the screening instrument, and there was minimal disruption to clinic flow. Conclusions Mothers of medically fragile infants are likely to have unmet health care needs that can be identified at a specialty pediatric clinic visit. A screening and referral intervention can be implemented with minimal interruption in pediatric clinic flow and is acceptable to mothers and pediatric providers.
Systemic Atrioventricular Valve Excision and Ventricular Assist Devices in Pediatric Patients.

Background Continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CF VADs) designed for adults are increasingly used in pediatric patients. However, there is greater risk of device inflow obstruction as a result of size and anatomy. Methods We reviewed all cases of systemic atrioventricular valve (AVV) excision with HeartWare HVAD (HeartWare, Framingham, MA) implantation in the systemic ventricle performed at our institution from November 2015 to May 2016. Results AVV excision with CF VAD implantation was undertaken in 3 patients. Patient 1 was palliated in infancy, resulting in biventricular physiology with a systemic right ventricle, and presented at age 15 years with worsening ventricular dysfunction. After CF VAD implantation in the systemic ventricle and discharge to home, tricuspid valve obstruction to VAD inflow developed, and the patient and underwent tricuspid valve excision on postoperative day 52. Patients 2 and 3 were aged younger than 4 years, with a body surface area of 0.62 m 2 and 0.58 m 2 , respectively, and had undergone Fontan palliation, with subsequent systemic ventricular dysfunction and AVV regurgitation. In both Fontan patients, the CF VAD was implanted in the right atrium with simultaneous excision of the AVV. None have had evidence of elevated atrial pressures or recalcitrant pulmonary edema. At a mean follow-up of 359 days (range, 304 to 422 days), there have been no concerns for inflow obstruction or low flow. Conclusions CF VAD implantation with AVV excision can successfully support complex pediatric patients in a wide range of size and anatomy (small chambers, systemic right ventricles). This technique may allow for CF VAD implantation in patients previously deemed too small for such support.
The Streptococcus agalactiae Stringent Response Enhances Virulence and Persistence in Human Blood

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) causes serious infections in neonates. We previously reported a transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) system for performing genomewide assessment of gene fitness in GBS. In order to identify molecular mechanisms required for GBS to transition from a mucosal commensal lifestyle to bloodstream invasion, we performed Tn-seq on GBS strain A909 with human whole blood. Our analysis identified 16 genes conditionally essential for GBS survival in blood, of which 75% were members of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) operon. Among the non-cps genes identified as conditionally essential was relA, which encodes an enzyme whose activity is central to the bacterial stringent response—a conserved adaptation to environmental stress. We used blood coincubation studies of targeted knockout strains to confirm the expected growth defects of GBS deficient in capsule or stringent response activation. Unexpectedly, we found that the relA knockout strains demonstrated decreased expression of β-hemolysin/cytolysin, an important cytotoxin implicated in facilitating GBS invasion. Furthermore, chemical activation of the stringent response with serine hydroxamate increased β-hemolysin/cytolysin expression. To establish a mechanism by which the stringent response leads to increased cytotoxicity, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on two GBS strains grown under stringent response or control conditions. This revealed a conserved decrease in the expression of genes in the arginine deiminase pathway during stringent response activation. Through coincubation with supplemental arginine and the arginine antagonist canavanine, we show that arginine availability is a determinant of GBS cytotoxicity and that the pathway between stringent response activation and increased virulence is arginine dependent.
Identification of a new begomovirus infecting Duranta repens in Pakistan.

Ornamental perennial plants may serve as reservoirs for viruses that infect field crops. Duranta repens is an ornamental shrub that frequently exhibits leaf curl symptoms typical of begomoviral infection. Two begomoviruses or DNA-A components (isolates 57SA and 58SA) along with a DNA-B component (31SA) were identified in a symptomatic D. repens plant. Isolates 57SA and 58SA showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 90% and 92.2% to catharanthus yellow mosaic virus (CaYMV) and chilli leaf curl India virus (ChiLCINV), respectively, whereas 31SA shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 95.2% with the DNA-B component of tomato leaf curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV). Isolate 57SA (showing < 91% highest nucleotide sequence identity) may thus be considered a member of a distinct species, and we propose the name “duranta leaf curl virus” (DLCV) for this virus. In addition, isolate 58SA (showing highest nucleotide sequence identity < 94%) is a newly identified strain of ChiLCINV for which the name “Duranta” strain is proposed. Further analysis showed that 57SA, 58SA and 31SA are recombinant, again highlighting the importance of recombination in begomovirus evolution. This is the first identification of DLCV. Also, a mixed infection with two viruses (or DNA-A components) and one DNA-B is reported.
Time Variability of HII Regions in Numerical Simulations of MSFR

Ultracompact and hypercompact H II regions appear when a star with a mass larger than about 15 solar masses starts to ionize its own environment. Recent observations of their time variability, like the one presented in the previous chapter, are one of the pieces of evidence that suggest that at least some of them harbor stars that are still accreting from an infalling neutral accretion flow that becomes ionized in its innermost part.
Invisible Evidence: Serial and the New Unknowability of Documentary

Ora uses the first season of Sarah Koenig’s Serial to launch comparisons between 1990s documentary film theory and contemporary claims of ‘post-truth‘ in new media. The politics of testimony and memory, visual proof and its credulity, and, ultimately, the role of narrative voice within online culture contribute to decoding the text and reception of this wildly successful podcast. Ora demonstrates that, just as theorists including Linda Williams heralded the end of the ironclad image with Errol Morris’s The Thin Blue Line, scholars may similarly position Serial as a case study for seismic shifts in non-fiction media and its reception.
Information Transfer in Articles About Libraries and Student Success

Abstract Connecting academic libraries to the higher education environment is crucial for demonstrating the impact of libraries on student success. The purpose of this study is to examine the information transfer between the disciplines of library and information science (LIS) and higher education in order to evaluate the influence of ideas between the two disciplines. Information transfer was analyzed in 39 articles focused on the library's contributions to student success by examining the cited references, the author and collaborator affiliations, and the forward citations. The findings from the cited reference analysis suggest that LIS is borrowing concepts and methods through citations from the discipline of education. Authorship affiliations showed that some non-LIS authors are publishing in the field of LIS and that LIS authors are collaborating with non-LIS authors. Finally, based on the forward citations, other disciplines are rarely citing LIS research about student success. This article's findings highlight the need to consider research and collaborators outside of the LIS field when researching the library's contribution to student success.
Information Literacy in Music: An Instructor’s Companion . Beth Christensen, Erin Conor, and Marian Ritter, eds. Middleton, WI: A-R Editions, Inc., 2018. 254p. Paper, $125.00 (ISBN 978-0-89579-856-5).

The topic of information literacy has become increasingly common in scholarship and discourse within the field of music librarianship, reflecting shifts in the library profession at large. Of course, music possesses unique challenges to information retrieval and literacy—challenges that are often not present in other disciplines—due to a long and complicated history of dissemination, publishing, and languages. These challenges are integral to access, discovery, and literacy, but they can be difficult to explain to patrons who do not possess formal backgrounds in music. Moreover, nonmusic specialists, such as librarians called upon to teach music instruction who have expertise outside of music, may grapple with the inherent obstacles present in music’s unique subject matter, formats, and printing practices.
Shifting baselines of disaster mitigation

ABSTRACTLarge-scale water management systems were introduced to the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Mekong Deltas in the latter half of the twentieth century to manage extreme water hazards and increase foo...
Surgical approach as a determinant factor of clinical outcome following radical cystectomy: Does Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) level the playing field?

Abstract Purpose To determine whether surgical approach is a determinant of clinical outcomes following radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion when using an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. Materials and Methods We studied all patients undergoing both open radical cystectomy (ORC) and robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and urinary diversion with ERAS for bladder urothelial carcinoma from May 2012 to December 2016. Surgical and clinical outcomes within 90 days after surgery were compared between ORC and RARC, including readmission and major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III). Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine factors that predict readmission and major complications. Results A total of 345 and 143 patients underwent ORC and RARC, respectively. The ORC group had a greater proportion of continent urinary diversion (71.9 vs. 40.6%, P P P P = 0.002 and 20 vs. 11.9%, P = 0.04, respectively). Median length of stay was 4 days for ORC (interquartile range 4–6 days) and 6 days for RARC (interquartile range 4–7 days; P P = 0.51) or readmission rates (32.2 vs. 36.4%, P = 0.4) within 90 days after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that surgical approach was not an independent factor predictive of readmission ( P = 0.33) or major complications ( P = 0.76). Conclusions Surgical approach is not a determinant of readmission or major complications following RC in the context of an ERAS protocol.
Operator Means, I: Basics and Examples

If a, b > 0, there are various “means” that have turned out to be useful, in particular, the arithmetic mean, \(\tfrac {1}{2}(a+b)\), the harmonic mean, 2(a−1 + b−1)−1 and the geometric mean, \(\sqrt {ab}\).
Globalization and Relative Compensation in India’s Information Technology Sector

This article evaluates the relationship between foreign earnings and wage share for a large number of information technology–sector firms in India over a recent six-year period. The results that are established, after accounting for the fact that exporting is an endogenous phenomenon, show that the foreign earnings and wage share relationship is positive and significant for Indian firms during the entire period of analysis. In general, there has been disquiet that the gains from growth are not shared with employees, and that other firm stakeholders appropriate these gains. The firms that are actively engaged in the global information technology economy have, in part, been cognizant of providing higher rewards to their key human capital resources, and the consequences of globalization have been positive for the employees of Indian information technology firms.