cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Perceived Maternal Favoritism in Sibling Relations in Midlife

Data were collected from 708 adult children nested within 274 later-life families from the Within-Family Differences Study to explore the role of perceived maternal favoritism in the quality of sibling relations in midlife. Mixed-model analyses revealed that regardless of which sibling was favored, perceptions of current favoritism and recollections of favoritism in childhood reduced closeness among siblings. Recollections of maternal favoritism in childhood were more important than perceptions of current favoritism in predicting tension among adult siblings, regardless of age. Taken together, the findings from this investigation are consistent with childhood studies showing that siblings have better relationships when they believe that they are treated equitably by their parents.
Basic observations in the flat lapping of aluminum and steels using standard abrasives

This research studies the characteristics of aluminum 2024, 304 stainless steel, and 1018 steel during lapping with three different types of abrasives, namely, garnet, silicon carbide, and white aluminum oxide, through detailed experimental analysis. Specifically, the effects of different abrasives on material removal rate and surface finish were evaluated. It was found that silicon carbide and white aluminum oxide abrasives removed more material per minute than garnet. A higher mean frictional force and mean coefficient of friction were obtained in aluminum lapped with SiC and white Al2O3 abrasives, and a lower mean frictional force was obtained in 304 stainless steel lapped with SiC. From geometric and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis obtained using scanning electron microscopy, it was confirmed that some abrasives became embedded into the lapped metal substrates. No burn was observed on the lapped samples, and scratches and unfinished lapped parts were observed mainly in 304 stainless steel. In order to determine the quantitative influence of each variable, an analysis of variance was performed. It was found that the main effects of abrasive types, size of abrasives, and type of work material had statistically significant influence on material rate and surface finish. In addition, there was a highly significant two-way interaction between abrasives and workpiece.
Yields and nutrient composition of the solid and liquid portions of selected canned fruits

Abstract Yields, proximate, vitamin, mineral, and trace mineral composition as well as sugar profiles were determined for the liquid and solid portions of canned peaches, pears, and pineapples which were procured from various commercial processing operations in the United States. In general water-soluble compounds were evenly distributed between the solid and liquid portions. Protein, fat, fiber, folic acid, and carotene were more concentrated in the fruit than in the liquid. Storage resulted in a decrease of folic acid values only. For some unexplainable reason there was an increase of vitamin B6 and carotene during storage. Storage also reduced the sucrose concentrations in all pineapple samples, but increased fructose and glucose only in pineapple chunks and not in sliced pineapples. The use of light syrup or juice reduced the caloric content of a product considerably compared to the heavy syrup counterpart. From a nutritional standpoint, except for sugar contents, little difference exists between the heavy and light syrup packs, nor was there a difference between the different cuts of the fruits.
Magnetoresistance of Dilute Alloys

Measurements of the negative magnetoresistance in high fields of dilute Au-Mn and Au-Fe alloys reveal a qualitative difference between the anomalous scattering of the conduction electrons by manganese impurities and by iron impurities. The measurements were carried out on a series of alloys with impurity concentrations from 0.11 to 1.01 at.% Fe and 0.22 to 1.20 at.% Mn in pulsed magnetic fields up to 200 kOe and in the temperature range from 2.19 to 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Whereas the effective exchange model of the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering is adequate in the case of Au-Mn, it fails to account for the anomalous features of the temperature and field dependence of the magnetoresistance in Au-Fe. Furthermore, the magnetoresistance of Au-Fe exhibits an unexpectedly strong concentration dependence which was not observed in Au-Mn and which could not be explained by any magnetic ordering of the Fe impurities. Moreover, the decrease of the zero-field resistivity due to short-range order has been calculated from the magnetoresistance and is found to be consistent with the location of the maximum of the zero-field resistivity.
Nanoscale effects leading to non-Einstein-like decrease in viscosity

Nanoparticles have been shown to influence mechanical properties; however, transport properties such as viscosity have not been adequately studied. This might be due to the common observation that particle addition to liquids produces an increase in viscosity, even in polymeric liquids, as predicted by Einstein nearly a century ago. But confinement and surface effects provided by nanoparticles have been shown to produce conformational changes to polymer molecules, so it is expected that nanoparticles will affect the macroscopic viscosity. To minimize extraneous enthalpic or other effects, we blended organic nanoparticles, synthesized by intramolecular crosslinking of single polystyrene chains, with linear polystyrene macromolecules. Remarkably, the blend viscosity was found to decrease and scale with the change in free volume introduced by the nanoparticles and not with the decrease in entanglement. Indeed, the entanglements did not seem to be affected at all, suggesting unusual polymer dynamics.
Cardiovascular alterations in severe pregnancy-induced hypertension: effects of intravenous nitroglycerin coupled with blood volume expansion.

Abstract Control of blood pressure in severe pregnancy-induced hypertension has often relied on agents with an unpredictable onset and duration of action. Because intravenous nitroglycerin is a potent, rapidly acting agent with a hemodynamic half-life measured in minutes, we evaluated its cardiovascular effects with and without volume expansion in six patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Nitroglycerin alone reduced mean arterial pressure by 27.5% without any significant changes in heart rate, central venous pressure, or stroke volume. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from 9 ± 3 to 4 ± 2 mm Hg (p 2 . Oxygen delivery fell significantly (p 2 . While volume expansion alone had no effect on mean arterial pressure, the combination of blood volume expansion and nitroglycerin resulted in a marked resistance to the hypotensive effect of nitroglycerin. Cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and oxygen utilization were not significantly different from baseline values when volume expansion preceded nitroglycerin. We conclude that the ease with which nitroglycerin reduces blood pressure is dependent on the individual patient's volume status. Although volume expansion allows one to maintain cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and oxygen utilization when used in combination with nitroglycerin, this benefit may be offset by a concomitant reduction in hypotensive capability.
Object Recognition in Digital Photogrammetry

La reconnaissance d'objets et l'interpretation d'images sont devenues peu a peu les principaux sujets d'interet dans le domaine de la recherche en photogrammetrie numerique. On fournit dans cet article un apercu de la reconnaissance d'objets en photogrammetrie numerique, en commencant par l'expose d'un probleme et la breve description d'un paradigme. Afin de ramener le concept au niveau d'un exemple, on presente l'orientation interne automatique comme etant un probleme de reconnaissance d'objets. On analyse ensuite dans les paragraphes suivants l'etat actuel de la reconnaissance d'objets en mettant en evidence les criteres significatifs, tels que la modelisation, les strategies de systemes et les composantes d'inference. De tels criteres sont utiles pour comparer les divers systemes de reconnaissance d'objets et la facon dont ils abordent les problemes. On les points forts et les points faibles des systemes actuels, puis on examine plus en detail le probleme de la modelisation. On mentionne enfin l'existence de deux nouvelles methodes (fusion et mise a l'echelle dans l'espace de donnees multicapteurs/multibande). Ces methodes illustrent de facon prometteuse de nouvelles tendances capables de faire avancer la reconnaissance d'objets a un niveau superieur.
STUDIES ON MUTAGENESIS INDUCED IN VITRO

— The effective reduccion of cytosine, whether in polymer form as a template or in monomer form as a substrate, is recognized in the RN A polymerase system as uracil or thymine. reduccion can be brought about by photohydration to form cytosine hydrate, reaction with hydroxylamine to form a 5,6-reduced monoadduct, or by direct chemical reduction. A novel tautomeric intermediate is postulated which has permitted the assay of cytosine hydrates in native and denatured DNA. It is suggested that the most probable u.v. photoproduct responsible for the mutagenesis of DNA is the cytosine hydrate. Similar modification of uracil or thymine results in loss of recognition at both polymer and monomer levels. Reiteration is observed when polyuridylic acid is either chemically reduced or irradiated with u.v. RESUMEN La reduccion efectiva de la citosina en forma de polimero, como “template” o en forma de monomero como sustrato, puede reconocerse en el sistema RNA polimerasa como uracilo o timina. La reduccion puede ocurrir por fotohidratacion para formar hidrato de citosina puede reaccionar con hidroxilamina, o puede sufrir una reduccion quimica directa. Se postula un nuevo intermediario que ha permitido ensayar hidratos de la citosina en DNA nativo y desnaturalizado. Se sugiere que el fotoproducto mas probable responsable por esta mutagenesis del DNA es el hidrato de citosina. Modificaciones similares del uracilo o la timina resulta de una perdida de reconocimiento a nivel de polimero o monomero.
Fire response and mechanical behavior of polysialate syntactic foams

Abstract This investigation evaluates the compressive strength and the fire performance of two different types of syntactic foams made by embedding randomly dispersed spheres in fire-resistant, polysialate matrix. The first type of foam utilized ceramic spheres with densities ranging from 0.40 to 0.48 g/cm 3 , while the second type incorporated expanded polystyrene beads with a density of 0.025 g/cm 3 . These syntactic foams were subjected to the Ohio State University (OSU) heat release rate test and the NBS smoke burner test as specified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The influence of the polysialate matrix on the fire response and compressive strength of the foams were evaluated and the experimental results are presented. The syntactic foams passed the FAA requirements and the proportions of inorganic matrix, ceramic spheres, and polystyrene spheres can be tailored to achieve desired densities and compressive strengths.
The spatial properties of binocular suppression zone

Abstract Spatial properties of binocular suppression zones were studied with one-dimensional difference of Gaussian (DOG) patterns. Two parallel DOG patterns were presented in one eye and a single DOG, perpendicular to the double DOG, was presented to the other eye. When viewed together, the probability of seeing the portion of the single DOG in between of the double DOG depended on the separation of the double DOG stimulus. Threshold separations for detecting an intermediate segment of the single DOG pattern (binocular suppression zones) were measured as a function of spatial frequency, contrast and orientation of the stimuli. The diameter of suppression zone decreased proportionally with increasing peak spatial frequency of the DOG patterns. The vertical dimension of the suppression zone was larger than the horizontal dimension at low spatial frequencies but the inverse tended to occur at high spatial frequencies. Diameter of the suppression zone increased rapidly with increasing contrast of the stimuli when the contrast was lower than 20–30% but asymptoted at higher contrasts.
Meaning without Theory

AbstractThere is a core conflict between conventional ideas about “meaning” and the phenomenon of meaning and meaning change in history. Conventional accounts are either atemporal or appeal to something fixed that bestows meaning, such as a rule or a convention. This produces familiar problems over change. Notions of rule and convention are metaphors for something tacit. They are unhelpful in accounting for change: there are no rule-givers or convenings in history. Meanings are in flux, and are part of a web of belief and practical activity that is in constant change. We can perhaps salvage some point to appeals to fixed frameworks if we treat them as “as if ” constructions designed as crutches to enable us to improve on literal readings of the texts by making more sense of the inferential connections and practical significance of their content at the time.
Evidence that the bypassing ribosome travels through the coding gap.

In translational bypassing, a peptidyl-tRNA::ribosome complex skips over a number of nucleotides in a messenger sequence and resumes protein chain elongation after a “landing site” downstream of the bypassed region. The present experiments demonstrate that the complex “scans” processively through the bypassed region. This conclusion rests on three observations. (i) When two potential “landing sites” are present, the protein sequence of the product shows that virtually all ribosomes land at the first and virtually none at the second. (ii) In such a sequence with two landing sites, the presence of a terminator triplet in phase in the coding region immediately after the first landing site drastically reduces the efficiency of bypassing. (iii) Internally complementary sequences that can form a stable stemloop in the bypassed region significantly reduce the efficiency of bypassing. We analyze bypassing from a given “takeoff” site to “landing sites” at different distances downstream so as to derive estimates of the frequency of ribosome takeoff and of the stability of the bypassing complex.
Inadvertent dilation of a saphenous vein graft stenosis by the PercuSurge GuardWire distal protection balloon.

Distal embolization protection devices are fast becoming an integral part of percutaneous vein graft interventions. The distal elastomeric balloon of the PercuSurge GuardWire system is supposed to be atraumatic to the vessel wall. We report the inadvertent dilation of a moderate distal stenosis at the site of GuardWire balloon inflation while intervening on a critical proximal saphenous vein graft stenosis. This case illustrates that plaque compression and potential vessel wall trauma might occur during the inflation of the PercuSurge GuardWire distal protection balloon.
Phase selection in binary phase only filters for optical pattern recognition

The phase values in binary phase only filters cannot be directly calculated to give the highest correlation peaks. We show the condition for which the optimum binary phase is it,and the condition for which it is not it.Computer simulation shows that for a BPOF encoded with the simulated annealing algorithm, its binary phase is other than iv andthe correlation peak of a given pattern is increased by more that 35%, compared with the correlation peaks of the BPOFs encoded by the conventional methods.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The geometry of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Implications for movement, impingement, and corrective osteotomy

Metaphyseal impingement limits motion in high-grade slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). A three-dimensional volume/surface computer model was used to study the geometry of impingement, which may take the form of impaction, which causes levering or requires compensatory alteration in motion, or inclusion that occurs after remodeling and may lead to acetabular cartilage damage. The majority of deformities seen clinically can be reproduced with posterior epiphyseal displacement in the plane of the physis. By using the 3-D movements of normal walking, this model predicts little anterior metaphyseal impingement in the normal hip. As posterior slip angle increases to 25 degrees , minor impingement can be eliminated with as little as 20 degrees of external rotation. High-grade posterior slips (75 degrees ) require external rotation of 50-60 degrees during walking to minimize impaction. Sitting increases impingement for all slip geometries, requiring proportionately greater external rotation. As remodeling restores a more normal arc of motion, an increasing proportion of the femoral head is composed of the remodeled, included metaphyseal prominence. This study explores the potential role of contact between the acetabulum and the metaphysis in the production of abnormal range of motion after SCFE, and simulation estimates the correction needed by osteotomy to allow normal walking and sitting. The inclusion of significant metaphyseal surfaces in the remodeled hip may be one factor in subsequent degenerative changes associated with SCFE.
Application of surface-deposition models to size-fractionated coal fly ash

Stack fly ash emitted from a large, coal-fired power plant was separated in situ into 8 or 12 discrete fractions with inertial cascade impactors. The fractions, ranging in size from 0.1 to 50 μm and including three fractions with aerodynamic mass dia. ≥ 1 μm, were previously analyzed for up to 43 elements by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. In this report geometric and theoretical surface deposition models are used to estimate the depth of the surface layer as well as the concentrations of enriched elements in the surface layer. The results indicate that the thickness of the surface layer is small, even at particle sizes of 0.1 μm where it is estimated to be about 20% of the particle diameter. The behavior of the relative concentrations of surface-enriched elements as a function of particle size was consistent with the slip-flow regime of aerosol mechanics.
Adaptive Common Spatial Pattern for single-trial EEG classification in multisubject BCI

Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) is a widely used spatial filtering method for electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain computer interface (BCI). It is a supervised technique that needs subject specific training data. Due to the non-stationary nature of EEG, EEG signal may exhibit significant inter- and intra-subject variation. Consequently, spatial filters learned from one subject may not perform well for EEG data acquired from another subject performing a same task, or even from the same subject at a different time. Various methods have been developed to improve CSP's multisubject performance by adding regularizing terms into the learning process. Most of these methods include target subjects' training data in the CSP learning, and the trained spatial filters are fixed when applied to classification. In this work, an adaptive CSP method was proposed to classify single trial EEG data from multiple subjects. The method does not require training data from target subjects, and updates spatial filters based on target subjects' data during the classification. Three different methods were proposed to adapt the CSP learning to target subjects. Experimental results on motor imagery data indicate that the proposed method can efficiently integrate target subjects' information into the CSP learning, and provide better discrimination performance (about 20% increase in overall classification accuracy) than the standard CSP method for multisubject BCI.
Spontaneous Spawning of Captive Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and Dietary Lipid Effect on Reproductive Performance

Two experiments addressed the spontaneous spawning of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, under controlled temperatures and photoperiods and the effect of broodstock diets supplemented with oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Experiment 1, broodfish were fed a standard diet (ST1) and one enriched with menhaden oil (ER1) over a 355-d period. ER1-influenced egg fatty acid profile, however, did not positively influence egg production. Both diets produced highly viable eggs and larvae but results varied within treatments. In Experiment 2, broodfish were fed either a standard diet (ST2) or one supplemented with oils (ER2) rich in docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid using a 203-d cycle. Both treatments produced eggs but fertilization rates ranged 0–10%. There was no clear influence of the diets on egg fatty acid profiles. These results indicate that red snapper can spawn spontaneously in tanks under controlled environmental conditions and produce viable eggs and larvae when fed diets based on squid, shrimp, and fish. The fatty acid composition of the diets was reflected in the eggs to some degree, but the oil enrichments did not further enhance the reproductive performance and egg quality under the conditions of this study.
Experimental performance evaluation of a virtual software router

Software routers (SRs) are an alternative low-cost and moderate-performance router solutions implemented with general-purpose workstations able to host multiple network interface cards (NICs). Workstations can be programmed to forward packets between different NICs and to participate in routing functions. Virtualization can be used to model new protocols or hardware systems in software and without modifying the host's kernel. However virtualized routers are expected to suffer from performance degradation because of software execution overhead. In this paper, we investigate the performance impact of a virtual software router (VSR) in comparison to that of a SR. We present the performance of VSRs hosted by different workstations — with different number of processing cores.
An Analysis Technique for Multilevel and Partially Penetrating Slug Test Data

The multilevel slug test is a technique that provides data for determining the local value of hydraulic conductivity at a specific elevation. However, existing data analysis techniques developed for fully screened and/or partially screened slug tests (Cooper et al., 1967; and Bouwer and Rice, 1976) and packer slug tests (Dagan, 1978) are not adequate for application to the general multilevel case. Through the application of a numerical flow model to the problem, a new means to analyze multilevel slug test data is developed. Simulations performed for both confined and unconfined cases using a finite-element model yield values of dimensionless discharge for a complete range of multilevel slug test geometries. Effects of anisotropy and location of instrumentation relative to aquifer boundaries are also considered. The method allows for values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity to be determined directly from slug test data. Application to experimental data is provided in an outline of the procedure
Finitely-presented groups with long lower central series

We construct examples of finitely presented groupsG with the property that, ifGω is the intersection of the lower central series ofG, then [G,Gω] ≠Gω.
A differential geometric criterion for Moishezon spaces

Proof. Let r r :Y~X be a projective desingularization of X, and let E be the exceptional set in Y. If M is any negative line bundle over Y, then by Proposition 3, we know that lr.(M ®d~(-E)) is a pseudonegative sheaf on X. But let's assume that, in fact, M is so negative that Hi(Y, M ® ¢ ( E)) =0. [For example, this will be true if M ®tg(E) is negative, by Kodaira's Vanishing Theorem.] Let ~ = n . (M ®~(-E)) . We will show that Hi(X, ~ ) = 0. Let { Us} be a locally finite open cover of X, and let {~ij} be a 1-cocycle with respect to this cover. We want to show that there exists a 0-cocycle {fit} with respect to our open cover such that at u = fl~-fli. But {~r1 Us} is a locally finite open cover of Y, and by definition of n, , the cocycle {~o} gives rise in canonical fashion to a cocycle (which we denote {~j}) on {rr-lU~}. Furthermore, since (as is well-known) the natural map from Ht({r~-lU~}, M®t~(-E)) to H I ( Y , M ~ ( E ) ) is one-to-one, there exists a
Planning for Water Quality: Implementation of the NPDES Phase II Stormwater Program in California and Kansas

Abstract In the United States, the federal government is increasingly relying on local governments to implement policies that address the nation's lingering environmental problems. Yet, little is known about the factors that influence local level implementation of a federal mandate. This paper explores local government response to the NPDES Phase II Stormwater Program in California and Kansas by investigating local conditions, perceptions of the federal program, and implementer characteristics. The study found that fiscal resources, a well-educated public, positive perceptions of the federal policy, and co-operative planning efforts lead to better compliance with the mandate and a higher quality response.
Effect of the superconducting transition on phonon energies and lifetimes in lead

Abstract We have performed a high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering study of certain transverse phonons in lead. We find that neither the energies nor the linewidths change appreciably with the onset of superconductivity. This finding contradicts a recent experimental report, but is in accord with theoretical expectations.
Metabolic effects of intraruminal administration of 1,3-butanediol or tributyrin in lactating goats.

Abstract Acute effects of dietary 1,3-butanediol and tributyrin on concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, and insulin in plasma were compared in lactating goats. In Experiment 1, glucose was decreased by intraruminal administration of 75 or 150 g of 1,3-butanediol or by 84 or 168 g of tributyrin. Tributyrin caused transient hyperglycemia immediately after administration. β-Hydroxybutyrate was increased in a dose-dependent manner by tributyrin and increased independently of dose by 1,3-butanediol. Tributyrin, but not 1,3-butanediol, caused large increases of insulin in plasma. In Experiment 2, 75 g of 1,3-butanediol or 84 g of tributyrin administered intraruminally decreased glucose, whereas 73 g of butyric acid (pH 5.6) increased glucose compared with water or 25.6 g of glycerol. All treatments produced transient hyperglycemia immediately after administration. Tributyrin, butyric acid, or 1,3-butanediol greatly increased β-hydroxybutyrate compared with administration of water or glycerol. Concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate in both experiments increased more slowly for 1,3-butanediol than for tributyrin. Both 1,3-butanediol and tributyrin decreased glucose and increased β-hydroxybutyrate. Because 1,3-butanediol does not stimulate increases of insulin in plasma, it may be more desirable than tributyrin for inducing metabolic changes characteristic of lactation ketosis.
Gaseous and Particulate Emissions From Diesel Locomotive Engines

In this paper steady-state gaseous and particulate emissions data are presented from two 12-cylinder diesel locomotive engines. The two laboratory engines, a EMD 645E3B and a GE 7FDL, are rated at 1860 kW (2500 hp) and are representative of the majority of the locomotive fleet in North America. Each engine was tested for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}), and particulate. Emissions were measured at all steady-state operating conditions that make up the eight discrete locomotive throttle notch positions, plus idle, low idle, and dynamic brake. Emissions are reported for each engine with two different diesel fuels: a baseline diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 0.33 weight percent, and a commercially available low-sulfur diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 0.01 weight percent.
Digital acoustical analysis of normal and bimodal Björk-Shiley 60 ° convexo-concave heart valves

Abstract Fracture of the outlet strut of the Bjork-Shiley 60 ° convexo-concave (BS60CC) valve has been attributed to a bimodal closing pattern in certain valves in which the closing disk rotates about the inlet strut, causing upward displacement of the outlet strut and its eventual fracture. This article reports the in vivo studies of the normal BS60CC valve and the in vitro studies of the normal and bimodal BS60CC valves, using a digitial acoustical signal processing technique, in which the individual collisions (impact history) of the occluder disk with the components of the valve body are revealed during each closing cycle. In vitro analysis of the closing acoustical signals of normal BS60CC valves showed impact history cluster width (IHCW) means of 2.07 ± 0.85 ms (standard error), not significantly different from those of 1.86 ± 0.58 ms (standard error) observed in 38 clinically normal patients with BS60CC valves (p >0.1). The bimodal valves showed IHCW of 6.14 ± 0.98 ms (standard error), in vitro, which was significantly greater than those observed in the normal in vitro valve group and in the normal patient population (p
Microcolumn separations and the analysis of single cells

Capillary zone electrophoresis and open tubular liquid chromatography are two examples of an emerging area of analytical instrumentation known as microcolumn separations. The high resolution and small sample requirements of these methods make them suitable for the quantitative, multicomponent chemical analysis of single cells. Appropriate instrumentation for the analysis of nanoliter and subnanoliter samples is discussed. Data from the analysis of individual neurons are presented, including amino acid and neurotransmitter content.
Efficacy and Evidence: Evaluating U.S. Goals at the American National Exhibition in Moscow, 1959

The American National Exhibition in Moscow (ANEM) in 1959 during the administration of Dwight Eisenhower was intended to show the adversary “a corner of America” and the abundance and technological advances produced by the United States. Neither before nor since has a cultural-diplomatic initiative of similar scale, cost, and bureaucratic and international complexity been attempted. Some former U.S. officials maintain to this day that the success of the venture cannot be determined and that “the jury is still out.” This article not only contributes the assessment of a working participant at the ANEM throughout its duration but also draws on a wealth of archival materials. This analysis “from below” and simultaneously “from above” reveals new perspectives that challenge many of the conclusions drawn by diplomatic and cultural historians concerning the events in Moscow and their aftermath. The article offers a more nuanced and informed understanding of the most ambitious U.S. cultural-diplomatic self-portrayal.
Hydralazine inhibition of the post-translational hydroxylation of deoxyhypusine, a polyamine-derived amino acid.

Abstract Logarithmically growing Chinese hamster ovary cells, cultured in the presence of [1, 4- 14 C] putrescine, synthesize a protein(s) containing the unusual amino acid hypusine [ N e-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. This protein was separated and identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The labeled hypusine isolated from an acid hydrolysate of the cell protein by ion exchange chromatography was identified by oxidative degradation and analyses of the products. Hydralazine, one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe hypertension, added to the culture, resulted in the accumulation of a protein(s) containing the precursor amino acid deoxyhypusine [ N e-(4-aminobutyl)lysine]. Demonstration of this intermediate and its subsequent conversion to hypusine suggests that the synthesis occurs in several steps, one of these involving a hydroxylation reaction which can be inhibited by hydralazine.
Perturbation of Surface Species on Zeolite HY by Xe Observed by FT-IR Spectroscopy

The perturbation of surface species of zeolite HY by Xe has been studied with the use of in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The Bronsted acid sites, characterized by a band at 3638 cm−1, are located in the zeolite super-cages, as suggested previously, while Bronsted acid sites attributed to a 3545-cm−1 band are located in the small zeolite cages and are inaccessible to the Xe molecules. The Bronsted acid sites in the supercages are found to have a weaker acidity than those in the small cages. The data also indicate that pyridine molecules are more strongly bonded to the super-cage Bronsted acid sites than are the NH3 molecules. This work is an example of the usefulness of liquid-nitrogen-temperature FT-IR techniques, coupled with multiple-scan data acquisition methods, for studying weak interactions between Xe and zeolite surface species in detail. This work also shows how FT-IR spectroscopy can complement Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy in studies of the nature of zeolite surface species using Xe as a probe molecule.
Constrained minimization under vector-valued criteria in finite dimensional spaces☆

Constrained minimization problem extended to necessary conditions for characterizing noninferior points to determine vector-valued criteria in finite dimensional spaces
The New Resource Economics: Old Ideas and New Applications

The role of any science is systematically to reduce indeterminacy, and it is on this basis that scientific paradigms are judged. As Kuhn notes, "Paradigms gain their status because they are more successful than their competitors in solving a few problems that the group of practitioners have come to recognize as acute" (p. 23). In the economics profession the neoclassical model based on marginal analysis has gained this status because of its success in reducing indeterminacy. Due to this success, economists interested in natural resources and environmental problems have adopted the neoclassical approach. By no means, however, has the adoption of the neoclassical paradigm eliminated methodological debate or led to conclusions accepted by all members of the profession. As Randall suggests:
Mixed Metal Phospho-Sulfates for Acid Catalysis

Mixed metal phospho-sulfates have been prepared and evaluated for use as acid catalysts via 2-methyl-2-pentene isomerization and o-xylene isomerization. Particular members of this class of materials exhibit greater levels of activity than sulfated zirconia as well as lower rates and magnitudes of deactivation. {sup 31}P MAS NMR has been used to examine the role of phosphorus in contributing to the activity and deactivation behavior of these materials, while powder x-ray diffraction, BET surface area, IR, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the bulk catalysts.
Atom displacements and void formation in proton-irradiated type 316 stainless steel

Abstract In this article, we calculate the cross section for atomic displacement as a function of proton penetration into Type 316 stainless steel. The cross section at a given penetration is reduced from that used in our past work. This is the result of new information on proton range, modification of the cross section calculations, and adoption of a higher displacement threshold energy. Swelling, void size, and void density data we have previously published are plotted against recalculated displacement damage. In general, the data are merely shifted to lower damage levels, and only one conclusion drawn in a previous publication appears to need modification. We also include a short discussion on the effect of voids on proton energy and displacement cross section as a function of proton penetration.
Effects of mothers’ conversation style and receipt of misinformation on children's event reports

Abstract Can memory sharing conversations with mothers lead to errors in children's event memory when mothers are exposed to misinformation about what their children experienced and does this effect vary as a function of maternal memory-sharing style? Mothers were exposed to a false suggestion about a non-shared event and then discussed that event with their children. When later interviewed, those children whose mothers were provided this misinformation were likely to wrongly report experiencing activities consistent with the maternal suggestion and embellish their reports of these activities with elaborative detail. Moreover, children whose mothers spoke in a highly elaborative manner were more likely to recall occurrences in line with the maternal suggestion and provided more fictitious narrative detail describing non-occurring-but-suggested information than did children whose mothers used a less elaborative style. These findings suggest that when mothers hold false beliefs about a non-shared event, an elaborative maternal style is associated with an increase in children's false reports reflecting maternal beliefs.
Laparoscopic gastric bypass: risks vs. benefits up to two years following surgery in super-super obese patients.

Background Super-super obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 60 kg/m 2 ) is thought to be a risk factor for complications and mortality in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Excess weight loss has been demonstrated to be diminished compared with less obese patients following surgery. However, we hypothesize that super-super obese patients who undergo laparoscopic gastric bypass can realize major improvements in their health and a good quality of life without a significantly increased risk of complications when compared with less obese patients. Methods From July 2002 to July 2005, University of Wisconsin Health bariatric surgeons performed 288 consecutive laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures. Patients were divided into 2 groups: BMI ≥ 60 kg/m 2 (n = 28) and BMI 2 (n = 260). The groups were compared at defined time intervals during a 2-year period following surgery. Comparison criteria included complications, weight loss, comorbidities, and quality of life. Results Both groups had similar morbidity and mortality rates. Excess weight loss was shown to be less, but total pounds lost were greater, for the super-super obese patients at all postoperative time intervals specified for postoperative analysis.Despite this fact, overall health improved to a similar degree in each group of patients following surgery; both groups also had similar Moorehead-Ardelt quality of life scores. Using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) to categorize outcomes, the average result for a patient in either group of patients would be considered “very good” at 1 year following surgery. Conclusions Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can be accomplished safely even in extremely obese patients. Although excess weight loss in the super-super obese is diminished postoperatively when compared with less obese patients, health is improved and quality of life is good regardless of a patient’s preoperative BMI. Therefore, laparoscopic gastric bypass is a good option even in the extremely obese.
LCTF Raman chemical imaging in the near infrared

Chemical imaging has tremendous potential as a quantitative imaging modality for chemical analysis. Chemical imaging integrates focal plane array technology and novel schemes for obtaining high spectral and spatial resolution imagery in the visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared. We have applied chemical imaging techniques to the characterization of a diverse array of materials, including human tissues, polymers, semiconductors, thin films, and corrosion products. This report describes recent technological advances in the development of liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) near- infrared imaging spectrometers suitable for high performance Raman microscopy. This technology is anticipated to have broad impact in a wide variety of commercial applications.
Retire to where? A discrete choice model of residential location

Many studies of migration attempt to identify attributes of places that influence residential location decisions. Most such studies relate an area's migration rates to its own attributes, or the flow of migrants between two areas to the attributes of both places. We focus on retirement migration within the US, and extend the literature by using a discrete choice framework in which a person's location decision depends on the attributes of all potential locations. Using a multinomial logit specification and 1990 Census county-to-county migration data, we model the location choice of individuals aged 65 to 74 years from among more than 3000 counties. In order to make the estimation problem manageable, we employ the sampling-of-alternatives approach of McFadden, and use aggregated migratory-flow data for which existing estimation software is applicable. Our results indicate that, in general, persons around retirement age avoid high taxes and housing costs, while they are drawn to areas with relatively high spending on such services as fire, police and recreation. Amenities such as coastline and warm weather are also valued. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coarse bed load transport in an alluvial gravel bed stream, Dupuyer Creek, Montana

Coarse bed load was sampled in a gravel/cobble bed stream during two major floods in the snowmelt runoff season. The channel is characterized by high rates of bank erosion and, therefore, high rates of sediment supply and bed load flux. Peak discharge reached four times bank-full, and bed load was sampled at flows 0·7–1·7 times bank-full. A large aperture bed load sampler (1 m by 0·45 m) captured the largest particles in motion, and specifically targeted the coarse bed load size distribution by using a relatively large mesh (32 mm or D25 of streambed surface size distribution). Bed load flux was highly variable, with a peak value of 0·85 kg/s/m for the coarse fraction above 38 mm. Bed load size distribution and maximum particle size was related to flow strength. Entrainment was size selective for particles D70 and larger (88–155 mm), while particles in the range D30–D70 (35–88 mm) ceased to move at essentially the same flow. Bed load flux was size selective in that coarse fractions of the streambed surface were under-represented in or absent from the bed load. Painted tracer particles revealed that the streambed surface in the riffles could remain stable even during high rates of bed load transport. These observations suggest that a large proportion of bed load sediments was sourced from outside the riffles. Repeat surveys confirmed major scour and fill in pools (up to 0·75 m), and bank erosion (>2 m), which together contributed large volumes of sediment to the bed load. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formulations of Artificial Viscosity for Multi-dimensional Shock Wave Computations

In this paper we present a new formulation of the artificial viscosity concept. Physical arguments for the origins of this term are given and a set of criteria that any proper functional form of the artificial viscosity should satisfy is enumerated. The first important property is that by definition a viscosity must always be dissipative, transferring kinetic energy into internal energy, and must never act as a false pressure. The artificial viscous force should be Galilean invariant and vary continuously as a function of the criterion used to determine compression and expansion, and remain zero for the latter case. These requirements significantly constrain the functional form that the artificial viscous force can have. In addition, an artificial viscosity should be able to distinguish between shock-wave and adiabatic compression, and not result in spurious entropy production when only the latter is present. It must therefore turn off completely for self-similiar motion, where only a uniform stretching and/or a rigid rotation occurs. An additional important, but more subtle, condition where the artificial viscosity should produce no effect is along the direction tangential to a convergent shock front, since the velocity is only discontinuous in the normal direction. Our principal result is the development of a new formulation of an edge-centered artificial viscosity that is to be used in conjunction with a staggered spatial placement of variables that meets all of these standards, and without the need for problem dependent numerical coefficients that have in the past made the artificial viscosity method appear somewhat arbitrary. Our formulation and numerical results are given with respect to two spatial dimensions but all of our arguments carry over directly to three dimensions. A central feature of our development is the implementation of simple advection limiters in a straightforward manner in more than one dimension to turn off the artificial viscosity for the above mentioned conditions, and to substantially reduce its effect when strong velocity gradients are absent.
Computer and Information Security Culture: Findings from two Studies

This research outlines some dimensions of computer and information security (CIS) culture. Two exploratory studies were conducted to identify the various dimensions of CIS culture. One study included an industry workgroup consisting of six CIS managers and specialists. The second study consisted of individual interviews with eight CIS managers and managers and eight network administrators. The workgroup and CIS managers and network administrators provided a preliminary list of elements in CIS culture dimensions, including: employee participation, training, hiring practices, reward system, management commitment, and communication and feedback.
Remembrance of Immunology Past: Conversations with Herman Eisen

Herman Eisen and Sondra Schlesinger spent several days together in September 2007 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, talking about immunology, focusing on his remembrances of the field over the more than 60 years of his involvement. This article is an abridged version of those discussions (the full version is available on the Annual Reviews website). It is both an oral history and a written memory of some important but selected areas of immunology.