cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of L1 decreases during postnatal development of rat spinal cord

L1 is a cell adhesion molecule that is highly expressed on developing axons and is associated with neurite outgrowth, guidance, and fasciculation. In this study we systematically examined L1 expression at all spinal levels across eight postnatal ages to detect regional and developmental differences. We observed striking changes in the developmental pattern of L1 expression between birth (P0) and adult ages, with intense L1-immunopositive axons prevalent throughout the funiculi at P0 compared with predominantly L1-immunonegative funicular axons in adults. At all ages and spinal levels examined, some L1-positive dorsal root afferents entered the spinal cord, coursed in Lissauer's tract, and projected into the superficial dorsal horn and the dorsal columns, as well as across the dorsal commissure. Additional L1-positive axons were detected consistently around the perimeter of the spinal cord, in the dorsolateral funiculus, and adjacent to the central canal. While specific L1-labeled axons were detected at all ages, a pattern of segmental variation was observed within animals, with the highest levels of L1 expression detected in lumbar and sacral segments and the lowest in cervical spinal cord. The pattern of L1 immunoreactivity was compared to that of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 and the results indicated colabeling of most axons. These observations demonstrate that L1 is expressed on immature axons well into postnatal development, possibly until they have completed their differentiation. Furthermore, the L1-positive axons that continue to be detected in adults are likely to be either unmyelinated or sprouting axons.
SO2 emissions from the oxidation of retorted oil shale

Abstract Sulphur dioxide emissions from the oxidation of retorted Colorado oil shale at temperatures > 530 °C are
High temperature hybrid titanium composite laminates: An early analytical assessment

This paper presents a new type of material system that shows great promise for aerospace applications. The concept consists of thin sheets of titanium bonded together with a polymer composite prepreg consisting of a high temperature resin reinforced with high or intermediate modulus fibers. The potential material performance is outstanding in terms of in-plane fatigue and fracture. As with all composite materials, the exact moduli and strength can be optimized for a given application by varying the constituents, their volume fractions and, in the case of the reinforcing fibers, their orientation. The paper includes analytical studies as well as experimental results.
Comparative costs of home positive inotropic infusion versus in-hospital care in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation

Abstract Background Outpatient positive inotropic support combined with implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) may be used as a successful bridge to cardiac transplantation in patients with end-stage heart failure. A detailed comparative cost analysis of this outpatient strategy versus in-hospital care has not been previously reported. Methods and results Twenty-one United Network for Organ Sharing 1B patients awaiting cardiac transplantation received continuous outpatient inotropic therapy for a total of 3070 patient-days. Daily costs for outpatient and in-hospital treatment were calculated. Nonparametric decision analysis was used to determine the strategy with greatest cost savings (immediate hospital discharge after AICD implantation versus in-hospital care). A threshold analysis was performed to test the robustness of the decision analysis model. The outpatient strategy realized an average savings of $71,300 to $120,500 per patient. Decision analysis showed that no fixed period of in-hospital monitoring was more cost-saving than immediate hospital discharge after AICD implantation. Threshold analysis revealed that AICD costs would need to exceed $82,000 (currently $62,000) or that the difference between the outpatient and the in-hospital costs would need to be ≤$475 per day for any other intermediate strategy to be considered cost-saving. Conclusion Outpatient inotropic therapy combined with AICD implantation in selected patients awaiting cardiac transplantation is an effective cost-minimizing strategy.
Endometrial carcinoma in one horn of a bicornuate uterus

Abstract Background. Tamoxifen therapy is related to endometrial adenocarcinoma. Bicornuate uteri are more common than assumed. There are a few reports of endometrioid carcinoma arising in a bicornuate uterus, but none of these discuss a serous papillary component or an association with tamoxifen therapy. Case. This is a case of a mixed endometrioid and serous papillary endometrial carcinoma arising in one horn of a bicornuate uterus. Multiple benign polyps were also present. Conclusion. Adequate tissue sampling of both horns is critical to arriving at a timely and accurate diagnosis of malignancy in patients with a bicornuate uterus.
The complexities of citizen participation through collaborative governance

In recent years, a number of collaborative planning programmes have been introduced in American cities, providing an opportunity for traditionally marginalised citizens to participate formally in i...
Inhibition of Bone Loss and Muscle Atrophy by Dynamic Muscle Contractions With Rest Periods in a Functional Disuse Mouse Model

Osteoporosis, induced by aging and long-term disuse, often occurs together with muscle loss. Musculoskeletal disuse causes severe physiologic changes and it has been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. Bone fluid flow has been shown to be induced during mechanical loading, and is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Thus, muscular stimulation is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss, but the optimal parameters required for such treatment is unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. Our preliminary research has indicated that dynamic muscle contractions within an optimal frequency range can significantly recover disuse induced bone loss. However, the optimal rest periods required to prevent muscle fatigue during stimulations are not clear. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate optimized dynamic muscle stimulations at relatively high frequency, e.g., 20 Hz, and to test the role of varying the rest duration on muscle mass and bone morphology in a functional hind limb disuse mouse model.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Clinical Assessment and Outcome in 70 Patients With Complaints of Burning or Sore Mouth Symptoms

Objective To review a series of patients with a burning or sore mouth for elucidation of associated conditions and treatment outcome. Material and Methods We retrospectively studied 70 consecutive patients with a burning or sore mouth who were encountered at a tertiary-care center between 1979 and 1992. Clinical and laboratory findings were summarized, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results The study cohort of 56 women and 14 men had a mean age of 59 years. They had a burning or sore mouth for a mean duration of 2.5 years. Multiple etiologic factors for the burning or sore mouth were present in 37% of the study subjects. The most frequently associated conditions were psychiatric disease (30%), xerostomia (24%), geographic tongue (24%), nutritional deficiencies (21%), and allergic contact stomatitis (13%). With a treatment course tailored to the suspected causal factor, 72% of the patients who had follow-up reported improvement. Conclusion With a directed investigation, one or more causes could be identified in most patients who had a burning or sore mouth. Successful management of these symptoms was possible in a majority of the patients.
From abusive household to dating violence

Social scientists have theorized about the cycle of domestic violence in family abuse. Little research has addressed dating violence as a consequence to the experience of domestic violence by children. This article deals with the self-reported experience of dating violence by high school students from abusive and nonabusive households. A survey was conducted of 1,353 students in a rural area of North Dakota. Results indicated that students from abusive households showed significantly higher incidence of dating violence than those from homes where no abuse was evident. However, less than one in five of the students from abusive home reported dating violence, providing little support for the cycle of violence hypothesis. Students from abusive homes viewed violence as negatively as students from nonabusive homes. Thus, while there are significant differences between the two groups, there are also important similarities. Although there is apparently a greater risk of dating violence among students who have experienced violence at home, these data do not support the idea of an inescapable pattern of violence among adolescents who have experienced violence themselves.
Thermal and Mechanical Considerations for Silicon-Resin High-Density Substrate

We examine the thermomechanical tradeoffs in a novel technology for high-density interconnect substrates. Fabricated from silicon (Si) wafers with planar cavities of highly filled composite encapsulant, the technology leverages established Si photolithography but offers improved mechanical properties. Modules are subject to thermomechanical stress during encapsulant cure, assembly reflow, module fabrication, and operation. We show that improvements in junction-to-ambient sinking offset the heat density increase in such systems and low expansion encapsulants prevent failure during cure and subsequent processing. We employ finite element modeling and materials testing to show the effect of wafer design and material selection on the in-plane and through-plane stresses in the module.
Autonomy, Benevolence, and Alzheimer's Disease

Medical ethics has traditionally been governed by two guiding, but sometimes conflicting, principles—autonomy and benevolence. These principles provide the rationale for the two most commonly used standards for medical decisionmaking—the Substituted Judgment Standard shows our concern for autonomy, whereas the Best Interest Standard shows our commitment to benevolence. Both standards are vulnerable to criticisms. Further, the principles can seem to offer conflicting prescriptions for action. The criticisms and conflict figure prominently in discussion of advance directive decisionmaking and Alzheimer's disease. After laying out each of the current standards and its problems, with Alzheimer's issues as my central concern, I offer a new standard that avoids the problems while honoring our concerns for both autonomy and benevolence.
Kinetic optimization of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography using carbon dioxide as the mobile phase

Use of supercritical fluids or compressed gases in capillary chromatography can result in the efficient separation of high-boiling solutes at relatively low temperatures. The chromatographic system is kept under high-pressure conditions from the point of sampling to detection to avoid the problems of large pressure gradients across the column. Expressions are given here that describe the theoretical performance of such a system. Capillary colums should deliver 106 theoretical plates under reasonable operating conditions. Consideration is given to the time of analysis and the detection requirements.
Innovations in Gerontological Nursing Education: “Get Smart About Getting Old!”

Subject: Falls education and prevention for elders and caregivers Setting: Flexible (inpatient, outpatient, senior centers, fairs, etc.) Activity: Participants of all ages have the opportunity to manipulate a home environment model and identify potential hazards that place elders at risk for falls. Background: The March 7, 2008, Centers for Disease Control Morbidity and Mortality Weekly reported that 15.9% of adults over age 65 fell every 3 months, with 31% sustaining injury. Falls diminish quality of life by contributing to pain, functional decline, and institutionalization. Falls and related injuries create burdens across the health care system. Reducing risk of patient harm from falls is a Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal. Practice Innovation: Identification of home hazards is 1 method that can be used to reduce fall risks. Research shows that presenting material in a concrete, tangible, visually appealing manner enhances learning. This understanding led to creation of the Fun House, an 11-inch fashion dollhouse, complete with furnishings and fall hazards. Fashion dolls are enjoyed across generations, and house fittings are contemporary, colorful, and highly visible. Description: The Fun House was presented during National Patient Safety Awareness Week. Hospital staff, patients, and visitors toured this evidence-based educational display. Fun House
A Preliminary Study of the Transient Response of the Atmosphere Produced by Mid-Tropospheric Heating

Abstract A simple linear model is developed to study the transient response of the atmosphere, a system of internal gravity waves, due to mid-tropospheric heating. The effects of varying stability, mean wind, the horizontal and the vertical distribution of the heating, and the rate at which heat is added are presented. It was found that under certain conditions specifically related to the vertical thickness of the heated layer and the stability of the air, the vertical velocities in the upper and lower atmosphere attain magnitudes in excess of 3 m sec−1. The magnitude of the vertical velocities will increase further if the rate at which heat is added is increased. Decreasing the horizontal dimensions of the region where heat is added does not change the magnitude of the vertical velocities appreciably except for the gravity wave with the largest vertical wavelength; however, the horizontal scale of the gravity wave system is smaller, and wave speeds are less since they are proportional to horizontal wavel...
Origins of Generalized Control Expectancies: Reported Child Stress and Observed Maternal Control and Warmth.

Abstract The relations among reported stressful events, maternal control and warmth, and children's locus of control of reinforcement were investigated. Fifty-five 2nd-grade, U.S. children completed the Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and their mothers completed a modified form of Coddington's Life Events Scale for their child. Mother and child also were videotaped while they worked together on three puzzles. The results indicated that, compared with children with external control expectancies, children with internal control expectancies had experienced less stress in their lives. Furthermore, when observed interacting with their children, mothers of children with internal control expectancies were rated as displaying less control and more warmth than mothers of children with external control expectancies. The findings generally are consistent with predictions based on Rotter's social learning theory for the development of individual differences in generalized contr...
Racial Disparities in the Filling of Warfarin Prescriptions for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

ABSTRACT Background Warfarin has been shown to decrease the rate of thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but it is frequently underprescribed. Our goal was to establish whether there have been racial disparities in the filling of warfarin prescriptions for patients with newly incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of Ohio Medicaid claims between January 1, 1997 and May 31, 2002, for recipients with newly incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Race was identified from the demographic information in the database, and the analysis was limited to white and African-American patients. The main outcome measure was the filling of a prescription for warfarin at any time between 7 days prior to the initial diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and 30 days after the initial diagnosis. To evaluate the independent role of race in the filling of warfarin prescriptions, we created a multivariable logistic regression model incorporating predictors significant at P Results A total of 6283 patients were identified as having newly incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, 18.5% of whom were African-American. In general, African-American patients had a higher rate of comorbid illness. Warfarin prescriptions were filled for 9.4% of white patients and 7.6% of African-American patients. When controlling for significant confounders in the multivariable logistic regression model, African-American patients had an adjusted odds ratio for receiving warfarin of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.60–0.98) when compared with white patients. Conclusion African-American patients in the Ohio Medicaid population between 1998 and 2002 were significantly less likely than white patients to fill a warfarin prescription for newly incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Moral consensus in bioethics: illusive or just elusive?

This issue of CQ was conceived in Salt Lake City, at the third annual meeting of the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH). There, President-elect Laurie Zoloth delivered a stirring address, emphasizing the role of bioethics in responding to social deprivations and suggesting that ASBH “take a stand” on important issues where members share consensus. Not all the stirrings were pleasant. Debate erupted about the propriety of consensus statements, especially regarding possible deleterious effects on academic discourse, misappropriation of dues, and the proliferation of quasi-political factions. The roots of this controversy extend deeply into the collective psyche of contemporary bioethics.
On the intracellular localization of the ecdysone 20‐monooxygenase in Musca domestica. L

The cytochrome P-450-dependent 20-monooxygenation of ecdysone is catalyzed both by mitochondria and microsomes isolated from Musca domestica (L.) larvae; however, about 50% of the activity is associated with mitochondria, and 37% is associated with microsomes. Pretreatment of larvae with ecdysone results in an increase in Vmax and a decrease in Km values in mitochondria but not in microsomes. Phenobarbital, a known cytochrome P-450 inducer, increases the cytochrome P-450 levels in microsomes without affecting the 20-monooxygenase activity, but both the cytochrome P-450 levels and monooxygenase activity are depressed in mitochondria from phenobarbital-pretreated larvae. The ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity is equally distributed between mitochondria and microsomes in adult insects. Pretreatment of the insects with ecdysone does not significantly modify the 20-monooxygenase activity of either mitochondrial or microsomal fractions, but the cytochrome P-450 levels are reduced in mitochondria. Phenobarbital also depresses the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 levels while markedly increasing the microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels. However, no significant changes in ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity are produced by phenobarbital pretreatment. The effects of ecdysone on adult cytochrome P-450 are mostly evidenced in mitochondria isolated from females, whereas in males the changes are not statistically significant. It is concluded that the mitochondrial ecdysone 20-monooxygenase is under regulatory control by ecdysone in the larval stage, which suggests that only the mitochondrial activity has a physiological role during insect development in M. domestica. In adults, both the mitochondrial and microsomal ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activities are not responsive to ecdysone, which, coupled to their high Km values, indicates that the reaction may not be of physiological importance in adult insects and that the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 species being depressed by ecdysone in females are possibly not involved in ecdysone metabolism.
Using Community-Based Social Marketing Techniques to Enhance Environmental Regulation

Abstract: This article explores how environmental regulation may be improved through the use of community-based social marketing techniques. While regulation is an important tool of sustainability policy, it works upon a limited range of behavioural ‗triggers‘. It focuses upon fear of penalty or desires for compliance, but individual behaviour is also affected by beliefs and values, and by perceived opportunities for greater satisfaction. It is argued that more effective environmental laws may be achieved using strategies that integrate regulation with community-based social marketing. Case studies where community-based social marketing techniques have been successfully used are examined, and methods for employing community-based social marketing tools to support environmental regulation are proposed. Keywords: community-based social marketing; environmental regulation 1. Introduction There is evidence that the existing environmental regulatory framework is unlikely to achieve the sustainable outcomes desired within society. Individual compliance with regulation is motivated by a variety of factors, only some of which are targeted by regulation. Behaviorally effective law seems more likely through a combination of regulatory and non-regulatory approaches to simultaneously address multiple drivers of behavior, some of which are likely to respond to marketing stimuli. This paper makes a case for refocusing environmental regulation upon the behavior of individuals, and
Does Neighborhood Social Capital Buffer the Effects of Maternal Depression on Adolescent Behavior Problems

Neighborhood characteristics have been shown to impact child well-being. However, it remains unclear how these factors combine with family characteristics to influence child development. The current study helps develop that understanding by investigating how neighborhoods directly impact child and adolescent behavior problems as well as moderate the influence of family characteristics on behavior. Using multilevel linear models, we examined the relationship among neighborhood conditions (poverty and social capital) and maternal depression on child and adolescent behavior problems. The sample included 741 children, age 5–11, and 564 adolescents, age 12–17. Outcomes were internalizing (e.g. anxious/depressed) and externalizing (e.g. aggressive/hyperactive) behavior problems. Neighborhood poverty and maternal depression were both positively associated with behavior problems for children and adolescents. However, while neighborhood social capital was not directly associated with behavior problems, the interaction of social capital and maternal depression was significantly related to behavior problems for adolescents. This interaction showed that living in neighborhoods with higher levels of social capital attenuated the relationship between maternal depression and adolescent behavior problems and confirmed the expectation that raising healthy well-adjusted children depends not only on the family, but also the context in which the family lives.
Resistance to the anti-proliferative activity of recombinant arginine deiminase in cell culture correlates with the endogenous enzyme, argininosuccinate synthetase.

Recombinant mycoplasma enzyme, arginine deiminase (rADI), has been proposed as a possible cancer treatment via arginine depletion. However, many cell lines are resistant to rADI-treatment, even though most require arginine for proliferation. We compared eight different cell lines for sensitivity in cell proliferation to the effect of either rADI or arginine deprivation. The activity of argininosuccinate synthetase (AS), the rate-limiting enzyme for converting citrulline to arginine, was also measured. Our results indicate that resistance to rADI-treatment may correlate with cellular AS activity, either constitutive or inducible, allowing cell survival by conversion of the product of the rADI reaction, i.e. citrulline to arginine.
Objective monitoring and automated coaching: a powerful combination in physical activity interventions

Abstract Background: Self-monitoring and goal setting are both important behavioural strategies for increasing physical activity. Pedometers and accelerometers provide objective physical activity feedback and support self-monitoring. Tailored Internet-mediated coaching algorithms can assist users with goal setting. Pairing an objective-monitoring device with an automated, individually tailored, Internet-mediated coaching intervention has the potential to create a low cost but effective physical activity intervention with broad reach. Objectives: To describe key elements of the design space of physical activity interventions that combine objective physical activity monitoring with individually tailored coaching algorithms to promote physical activity. Major findings: We discuss seven key elements needed for a successful online physical activity program that incorporates objective monitoring and automated coaching: (1) a low cost, user-friendly and reasonably accurate objective-monitoring device that can up...
Applying human knowledge to improve machine recognition of confusing handwritten numerals

Abstract It is believed that the decision making process of existing algorithms can be refined by gaining more human knowledge, especially when trying to recognize confusing characters. Therefore, to help improve machine performance on confusing samples, comments collected from an experiment conducted with a group of human experts specialized in unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition are analyzed. Based on this knowledge, a tool is being built which will manage the information and give results of analyses to help distinguish the different confusing styles of writing. These analyses will facilitate the design of new specialized modules aimed at differentiating numerals belonging to the same confusing pair.
A Culture of Solidarity

In this article, based on interviews, ethnographic data, and documentary evidence, I examine the case of a Bolivian-Iranian hospital in the context of south-south scientific and economic collaboration. This hospital provides a lens through which we can understand the tensions between local and global processes. Medicine, in particular, has become a site where such alignments are made visible and tangible: the term ‘biogeopolitics’ helps to describe this process. I use the hospital as a way to illustrate what theory from the south might look like ethnographically, and conclude with a discussion of the contradictions and promises of theory from the south within south-south collaborations.
Cognitive Modeling and Self-Efficacy: Effects on Preservice Teachers' Learning of Teaching Strategies.

Undergraduate students (N = 93) were presented with two phases of training in teaching a child to find the main idea of a paragraph. Phase 1 provided instruction in either a cognitive modeling mode or a direct instruction mode; phase 2 provided a skill-demonstration video with either self- efficacy commentary accompanying the demonstration or task-oriented commentary. A 2 (low self-efficacy vs. moderate self-efficacy) x 2 (cognitive modeling vs. direct instruction) x 2 (self- efficacy vs. task-oriented commentary) MANOVA performed on written protocols revealed sta tistically significant main effects favoring cognitive modeling and self-efficacy groups in apply ing the strategies that were taught. Also, the cognitive modeling groups made more references to teacher activity, and the self-efficacy groups made more references to student activity in their protocols.
Experimental Study on Evaporative Heat Transfer of Air-Water Bubbly Flow

In this paper, a new kind of evaporative heat transfer experiment for the cooling process of coolers/condensers is conducted. The design of the test coils is immersed in an air-water bubbling layer. The air-water two-phase flow passes through the tubes of the coils. Due to the motion of the air bubbles in the water, a thin water film forms on the surface of the tube. As the air bubbles pass by the tube this water film is evaporated into the air. The tubes of coil reject heat to the water film, and the evaporation of the water film rejects heat to the air bubble stream. This heat transfer mode significantly increases the heat transfer coefficient between tubes and air. The consumption of the power of a water pump can be decreased. Moreover, the airflow rate required is less than that of an air-cooled condenser. The pressure drop of air through air-water bubbling layer and the heat transfer between the tube and water are experimentally investigated in this paper. The results show that the factors affecting the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient involve the pore geometry of sieve plate, the height of the air-water bubbling layer, the air flow rate through the sieve plate and the heat flux of tubes. The heat transfer coefficient between tube and water is two times larger than that of falling film of water on the outer surface of tube.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Influence of strain and metal thickness on metal-MoS2 contacts

MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides are considered as potential materials in many applications including future electronics. A prerequisite for these applications is to understand the nature of the MoS2 contact with different metals. We use semi-local density functional theory in conjunction with dispersion corrections to study the heterostructures composed of Pd and Pt monolayers with (111) orientation grown pseudomorphically on MoS2(001). The interface properties are mapped as a function of the number of deposited overlayers, as well as a function of tensile and compressive strains. Although we show that the dependence of the contacts on strain can be fully explained using the d-band model, we find that their evolution with the number of deposited metal layers is markedly different between Pd and Pt, and at variance with the d-band model. Specifically, the Pt/MoS2 heterostructures show an anomalous large stability with the deposition of two metal monolayers for all investigated strains, while Pd/MoS2 exhibits a similar behavior only for compressive strains. It is shown that the results can be rationalized by accounting for second-nearest-neighbor effect that couples MoS2 with the subsurface metal layers. The underpinnings of this behavior are attributed to the larger polarizability and cohesive energy of Pt compared to Pd, that leads to a larger charge-response in the subsurface layers.
Cloning high molecular weight DNA fragments by the bacteriophage P1 system

The cloning of high molecular weight genomic DNA promises to provide the means of mapping chromosomes, isolating genes, and understanding long-range effects on gene expression. This review describes the background and some recent advances in cloning of high molecular weight DNA using the bacteriophage P1 system.
Angiogenesis in the uterine cervix.

. Abulafia O, Sherer DM. Angiogenesis in the uterine cervix. Our objective was to present current data pertaining to angiogenesis of the uterine cervix. We conducted a computerized search to identify relevant studies published in the English language literature. MEDLINE, Current Contents and Index Medicus were searched utilizing the terms: angiogenesis, uterine cervix, intraepithelial neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, from 1966 through June 1999. In contrast to the cyclic phases of the menstrual cycle of the ovary and endometrium in which angiogenesis plays a significant physiologic role, angiogenesis in the uterine cervix is involved primarily in neoplastic processes. These include intraepithelial disease, human papilloma-related disease, and microinvasive and invasive squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix. In invasive squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, angiogenesis appears to be a prognostic indicator for overall survival and disease-free survival. Initial trial studies with anti-angiogenic (angio-inhibitor) therapy such as TNP-470 have been reported and concurrent antitumor activity observed in a limited number of patients with advanced (inoperable or metastatic) disease.
Ten-year-replicated circadian profiles for 36 physiological, serological and urinary variables in healthy men.

At 3-hr intervals over a 24-hr span, 36 systemic, serologic and urinary variables were examined in 7 men in their mid 20's in the Spring of 1969, and again in the same 7 men in the Spring of 1979 under a similar chronobiologic protocol, using the same chemical and numerical analytical procedures. The variables examined for rhythms by cosinor were: vital signs—blood pressure (systoliC., diastoliC., pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure), heart rate, intraocular pressure (left and right), oral temperature; serum components—albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, total bilirubin, calcium, carbon dioxide, chlorides, bilirubin, cholesterol, globulin, glucose, potassium, sodium, sodium/potassium ratio, transaminase, triglycerides, total protein, urea nitrogen; and urine components—calcium, calcium/magnesium ratio, creatinine, magnesium, pH, potassium, sodium, sodium/potassium ratio, urea clearance, urea nitrogen, volume and zinc. Although all subjects appeared clinically healthy in 1969 and in 1979, certain inter-...
Web Services: An Analysis of the Technology, its Benefits, and Implementation Difficulties

Abstract Software reuse and systems interoperability have been primary goals of many IT organizations, especially those that rely heavily on computer networks. Object-oriented (OO) technology has been utilized to accomplish these goals with relative success over the years; but there are many hurdles that OO technology could not overcome. One of them is due to lack of standards. An object developed in one vendor's technology cannot easily communicate with another's. Another difficulty is that the majority of software applications reside behind firewalls – security barriers that restrict communication between networks. Web services, self-describing services that can easily be consumed over the Web, is the latest trend in the industry to address the problems identified above. Web services enable a group of related applications to be programmatically invoked over the Internet. They are rapidly emerging as important building blocks for business integration. Companies are finding important Web service applicati...
Bioprinting induced cell damage in cellular micro-fluidic channel fabrication

Bioprinting, or layer by layer additive tissue fabrication, is a revolutionary concept recently emerged as an interdisciplinary effort to produce three-dimensional living organ for clinical application. Among many challenges, it was agreed that inclusion of vascular system is critical for maintaining the viability and functionality of relatively thick 3D bioprinted tissue constructs. Our previous research addressed the printability of novel vessel-like micro-fluidic channels with alginate hydrogel and co-axial nozzles. Here, we further investigated the influence of bioprinting parameters on cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) survival during and post printing. The results of this study revealed that quantifiable cell death could be induced by varying dispensing pressure, co-axial nozzle geometry, biomaterial concentration. However, damaged cells were able to recover during incubation, as well as undergo proliferation to certain extend. These findings may serve as a guideline for optimizing our system as well as predict cell damage in future studies.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Assessment of Interrater and Intrarater Reliability in the Evaluation of Metered Dose Inhaler Technique

Study objective To determine if a training session using videotaped metered dose inhaler (MDI) performances can result in high interrater and intrarater reliability of five evaluators assessing MDI technique. Design; Five evaluators (three pharmacists, two pulmonary fellows) were trained to evaluate MDI technique during a 2-h training session. The training session consisted of verbal instruction and practical experience in evaluating MDI technique using videotaped MDI performances of six nonstudy subjects. After the training session, the evaluators independently observed the same videotaped MDI demonstrations of 14 subjects on two occasions separated by a 7- to 10-day interval. Interrater and intrarater reliability was determined for individual steps by calculating percent agreement and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. Results Interrater. The interrater reliability for individual steps ranged from 29 to 86 percent (ICC coefficients=0.13 to 0.81). Steps in which evaluators were in agreement for less than 9 of the 14 subjects were shaking the inhaler before inhalation, exhaling, continuing to inhale slowly, and adequate breath hold. Intrarater: The overall percent agreement by step ranged from 74 to 97 percent. Exhaling to functional residual volume (76 percent) and continuing to inhale slowly and deeply (74 percent) had the lowest overall agreement between the first and second observation day. The consistency of evaluating a step between the two observation days varied considerably depending on the step and evaluator. Conclusions: High interrater and intrarater reliability in MDI evaluation is difficult to obtain. Clinicians and researchers involved in MDI evaluation and education should be trained to achieve consistency. A single training session using videotaped MDI demonstrations was not adequate in achieving consistency among evaluators. To improve accuracy of research results, researchers should include at least two evaluators to assess MDI technique or take other measures to show and report reliability.
Medication safety: patients' experiences, beliefs, and behaviors.

ABSTRACT Objective To measure patients’ experiences with medication errors and examine how these experiences relate to their beliefs about pharmacy safety and their engagement in medication-safety behaviors. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Primarily Michigan. Participants 920 employees and retirees from the University of Michigan. Interventions Mail survey. Main Outcomes Measures Patients’ experiences, beliefs, and behaviors related to medication safety. Results Of the respondents, 168 (18.3%) reported that they had experienced a medication error at some time in their lives and 193 (21.0%) knew a family member or friend who experienced an error; 63 (6.8%) had experienced an error within the past year and 5 (0.5%) had required additional medical attention because of an error. The majority of respondents did not worry about pharmacy safety and generally believed that the drug dispensing process at their pharmacy was safe. Approximately 80%–90% of respondents engaged in basic safety-related behaviors when receiving a prescription medication (e.g., checked for their name on the label or checked the directions on the label). While 72.3% of respondents reported that they read the medication pamphlet provided by the pharmacy, only 27.3% talked to the pharmacist about their medications. Respondents who had personal experiences with medication errors—or knew someone who had encountered such errors—had lower perceptions of pharmacy safety and were more likely to engage in several safetyrelated behaviors. Conclusion Patients who have experienced medication errors have lower perceptions of pharmacy safety and are more likely to engage in behaviors to protect themselves from future errors, as compared with those who have not had an error experience.
Detuned intersubband resonances for broadband field-modulated second-harmonic generation in a waveguide

Abstract Based on a comprehensive model of waveguide-mode second-harmoic generation in semiconductor quantum wells, we determine material, structural and waveguide parameters that are predicted to yield conversion efficiences exceeding by two orders of magnitude the best experimental results obtained to date and discuss the reasons for the failure to observe high efficiencies in previous experimental studies. An optimized In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As In 0.52 Al 0.48 As asymmetric double-well structure is predicted to produced a peak efficiency of 14% at 10.6 μm for a pump-beam intensity of 20 MW cm−2. A novel mechanism for rapidly modulating the second-harmonic output from 14% to 0 by tuning the coherence length with an applied electric field is analyzed.
Zone electrophoresis in the preparation of serum and pituitary extracts for bioassay of thyroid stimulating hormone.

THE study of thyroid gland disease has been hampered by technical obstacles to measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in human blood. Application of several bioassay techniques, including the very sensitive tadpole method of D'Angelo, has so far yielded fragmentary or contradictory data (Hertz and Oastler, 1936; Fellinger, 1936; DeRobertis, 1948; d'Angelo et al., 1951; Asboe-Hansen et al., 1952; Gilliland and Strudwick, 1953; Simkin et at., 1953; Adams and Purves, 1953; Sampson et al., 1954). Most of these bioassays have been made on whole serum without pretreatment aimed at isolation of the TSH activity. The importance of isolating the active fraction was emphasized by Fellinger (1936) who found that serum TSH effects were more than doubled by acetone precipitation of hemolyzed whole blood and ascribed the augmented TSH biopotency to the elimination of thyroxin. Similarly, DeRobertis (1948) observed no detectable TSH activity in blood prior to acetone precipitation.
Target Recoil Effects for Inner-Shell Ionization in Ion-Atom Collisions

Calculations are reported that show the effect of target recoil on K-shell ionization in ion-atom collisions. Target recoil effects are significant in low-energy and small impact parameter collisions, for which Coulomb deflection and corrections to the first Born approximation (increased binding) are also quite important. The non-inertial recoil term that arises when the hamiltonian is written in target-centered coordinates has been discussed in the literature already by several authors. Our contribution is to include this finite target mass effect in our large basis coupled-state calculations, which then incorporate effects of recoil, Coulomb deflection, and target orbital perturbations and couplings in a consistent and accurate manner. Results for ionization probability as a function of impact parameter are presented and compared to experiment for several collision energies, projectiles (of different mass and charge), and targets.
A study of ocean-like surface thermal emission and reflection using Voronovich's small slope approximation

Monte Carlo simulations are used to compute average direct surface thermal emission and reflected atmospheric radiation using the "active" small slope approximation of Voronovich. The surfaces considered are realizations of an ocean-like spectrum and contain features ranging from 64 to 0.5 electromagnetic wavelengths. The parallel computing approach of the study is described, and results are compared with predictions from the commonly applied "two-scale" theory of sea emission. Results show a reasonable level of agreement in a small height surface case, which degrades as the surface height is increased.
Gaucher's disease

Summary A case of Gaucher's disease in a 19-year-old Jewish girl has been described. The diagnosis was made only because of the oral surgeon's insistence that a complete examination be done, despite the lack of clinical symtoms. It is apropos to repeat Shira's 13 conclusions in his article entitled “Manifestations of Systemic Disorders in the Facial Bones”: “Many systemic disorders may cause changes in the facial bones. Although the diagnosis and treatment of many of these disturbances are definitely out of their province, the dentist and oral surgeon should be aware of the possibility of these abnormal conditions and be able to recognize the more common forms. They should be able to decide whether or not the disturbance is of odontogenic or of local origin and should have a knowledge of the proper procedures to follow in arriving at a correct diagnosis.”
The late somatosensory evoked potential in premature and term infants. II. Topography and latency development

The maturation of latency and scalp voltage topography of the simultaneously bilateral somatosensory evoked potential was studied in 53 neurologically intact pre-term and term infants, from 31 to 40 weeks post-menstrual age. Four peaks (N1, P1, N2 and P2) were reliably identified in all infants. The latency of each peak decreased as the infants matured. Each peak had a unique voltage scalp topography that remained stable as infants matured, even though the maps changed in amplitude intensity. N2 was large, easily identifiable with a central peak, and extremely stable in topography, suggesting that it might be used to evaluate the functional status of the somatosensory cortex in pre-term and term infants who are at high risk for developing intracranial hemorrhage leading to abnormalities of tone and delays in motor development.
Thermal Rectification Enabled by Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer Between Intrinsic Silicon and a Dissimilar Material

Thermal rectification has recently attracted great attention because it could allow heat to flow in a preferred direction and may have promising applications in thermal management and energy systems. In addition to phonon engineering, photon transport at the near-field regime has been recently proposed to realize thermal rectification between planar structures. In the present study, the thermal rectification effect enabled by near-field thermal radiation between intrinsic silicon and other materials was investigated at various temperatures and vacuum gap distances. Strong thermal rectification between intrinsic Si and doped Si (rectification R = 2.7) and between intrinsic Si and SiO2 (R = 9.9) can be achieved with a 5 nm vacuum gap at temperatures of 1000 and 300 K. Rectification larger than one can be obtained in sub-10 nm vacuum gaps for the former configuration and sub-20 nm gaps for the latter configuration. A thermal rectifier made of gold and intrinsic Si is shown to have a rectification factor arou...
Effect of hydration on the morphology of enzyme powder

We report the first direct images of the hydration of protein powders. Using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) we have taken a series of micrographs of a region of the enzyme (subtilisin) power whilst hydrating the sample. In addition, the sample has been viewed during exposure to toluene vapors. The ESEM is a remarkable new instrument that will have wide applicability in imaging of biological materials in their native environments.
An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic and Culture by CHEKAYRI, ABDELLAH

The article reviews the book “An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic and Culture," by Abdellah Chekayri.
The root of the problem: An irritable bowel or an average American lifestyle?

In the USA, it is estimated that between 25 and 55�million individuals are affected by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and, as in the UK, almost half of patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms are diagnosed with IBS (IBS Register, 2009). With no consensus as to the cause, management tends to focus on the relief of symptoms, often through ineffective pharmacological interventions. Topaz J Holloway argues that health professionals need to understand the limitations of using pharmacological therapy to relieve symptoms. Additionally, it seems rational for health professionals to seek to understand their patients′ ′culture′ in order to address what may well be the root cause of IBS-our modern day lifestyles.