cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of the interrelation between air‐temperatures in california and ocean‐temperatures in the northeast Pacific and its influence on long‐range forecasting

Since meteorological records are customarily kept in terms of mean monthly values, it is perhaps most convenient to use monthly rainfall and temperature as the raw materials for a statistical analysis. For long-range forecasting purposes it is moreover convenient to subject the figures to a moving-12 average so as to suppress the summer-to-winter variation. The accompanying chart, accordingly, depicts temperatures at the several stations plotted as a moving-12 average, or what amounts to the same thing since all the values are relative, a sum-12 curve. The process may be described briefly as follows: The first twelve-monthly values are summed on the Burroughs machine, then the thirteenth value is added in and the first value subtracted. Next the fourteenth value is added in and the second value subtracted, etc.; subtotals are plotted at each step.
Intelligent time-aware query translation for text sources

Time-stamped documents such as newswire articles, blog posts and other web-pages are often archived online. Since these archives cover long spans of time, the terminology in them could undergo significant evolution. In answering user queries over such text, it is desirable that the system be intelligent enough to incorporate historical information. For example, a query on Sri Lanka should automatically retrieve documents with its former name Ceylon. Hence, temporal terminology evolution needs to be taken into account to translate these queries. This has become vital today because users expect that computer systems have the intelligence to find all related information pertaining to their queries. In this research we attempt to discover such concepts that evolve over time and use those discovered concepts to provide time-aware responses to user queries. Our solution and evaluation are summarized in the paper.
In vivo priming of two distinct antitumor effector populations: The role of MHC class I expression

Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression is an important mechanism by which tumors evade classical T cell-dependent immune responses. Therefore, a system was designed to evaluate parameters for active immunization against MHC class I- tumors. Mice were capable of rejecting a MHC class I- tumor challenge after immunization with an irradiated granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) transduced MHC class I- tumor vaccine. This response was critically dependent on CD4+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, but minimally on CD8+ T cells. A strong protective response against MHC class I+ variants of the tumor could be elicited when mice were immunized with irradiated MHC class I+ GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells. This response required CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and in addition, elimination of NK cells resulted in outgrowth of tumors that had lost expression of at least one MHC class I gene. Finally, class I MHC expression on the vaccinating cells inhibited the response generated against a MHC class I- tumor challenge. These results demonstrate that the host is capable of being immunized against a tumor that has lost MHC class I expression and reveal conditions under which distinct effector cells play a role in the systemic antitumor immune response.
Cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to recurrent psychological stress: the moderating effects of evaluative observation.

The impact of evaluative observation on cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to recurrent psychological stress was evaluated in 162 undergraduate men and women. All participants performed three mental arithmetic tasks with or without evaluative observation. Impedance cardiographic, blood pressure, task performance, and stress appraisal measures were recorded for each task. Evaluative observation moderated the effects of task repetition on cardiac reactivity but not vascular reactivity. The introduction of evaluative observation disrupted cardiac adaptation, resulting in a resurgence of beta-adrenergic cardiac reactivity (p < .005), whereas the removal of evaluative observation promoted cardiac adaptation. Evaluative observation also increased stress appraisals and slowed task performance. The results support the dual process theory of habituation, rather than stimulus comparator theory, but only partially support cognitive appraisal theory.
SCED+: efficient management of quality of service guarantees

Proposals for the provision of deterministic quality of service guarantees in integrated services networks require per-session management of traffic flowing in network switches, raising scalability questions for practical implementation of high speed packet switching in large scale networks. At the same time, the end-to-end delay bounds associated with current proposals can be overly conservative, limiting the utility of the bounds to guide efficient resource allocation. In this paper, we introduce SCED+ (surface curve earliest deadline+), a network scheduling algorithm that yields scalable provision of tight deterministic end-to-end delay bounds. These features are achieved through the use of aggregation and efficient statistical multiplexing between best-effort and guaranteed traffic. The SCEDS+ algorithm also supports statistical multiplexing between "guaranteed" traffic streams, providing tight end-to-end delay bounds for traffic streams which can tolerate non-zero packet loss rates. In order to facilitate the analysis of SCED+, we refine the so-called "network calculus" to address delay jitter, and introduce a simple and unified approach to the analysis of output burstiness of traffic departing from a general network element.
Aeshnid dragonfly larvae as bioindicators of methylmercury contamination in aquatic systems impacted by elevated sulfate loading

Methylmercury (MeHg) levels in dragonfly larvae and water were measured over two years in aquatic systems impacted to varying degrees by sulfate releases related to iron mining activity. This study examined the impact of elevated sulfate loads on MeHg concentrations and tested the use of MeHg in dragonfly larvae as an indicator of MeHg levels in a range of aquatic systems including 16 river/stream sites and two lakes. MeHg concentrations in aeshnid dragonfly larvae were positively correlated (R(2) = 0.46, p 0.05). MeHg in dragonfly larvae were not elevated at the highest sulfate sites, but rather the reverse was generally observed. Record rainfall events in 2012 and above average rainfall in 2013 likely delivered the majority of Hg and MeHg to these systems via interflow and activated groundwater flow through reduced sediments. As a result, the impacts of elevated sulfate releases due to mining activities were not apparent in these systems where little of the sulfate is reduced. Lower bioaccumulation factors for MeHg in aeshnid dragonfly larvae were observed with increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that MeHg in high DOC systems is less bioavailable; an equilibrium model shows that more MeHg being associated with DOC rather than algae at the base of the food chain readily explains the lower bioaccumulation factors.
Lies like the truth: On Plato’s Lesser Hippias

AbstractHow is it possible that we can be so deeply affected by poetry even when we are not altogether sure what it is about? By way of interpreting a Platonic dialog, “Lies Like the Truth: On Plato’s Lesser Hippias” links this human capacity to our ability to lie, which, in turn, grounds our ability to tell the truth. Truth-telling requires the option of not telling the truth—it cannot simply be mechanical; it thus always involves looking at the world through multiple perspectives, being polutropos like Odysseus and not simple like Achilles. This polutropia is the source of both our multiple perspectives and our striving to unify them. We could not feel at odds with ourselves unless we sought to be whole. This is connected to the fact that we are never really in a position either simply to affirm or to deny a logos but are always compelled to interpret it and to how we necessarily encounter human beings as neither altogether knowable to us nor altogether unknown. Our susceptibility to poetry and our abil...
Political Drivers and Signaling in Independent Agency Voting: Evidence from the Federal Communications Commission

We develop a model for commissioner voting at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Our model relates the costs faced by the FCC Chairs -- and, by extension, presidents -- of advancing their agenda to commissioner voting. The model shows that divided government, with its increased cost of legislative achievement, increases partisan commissioner voting. To test the model, we use a unique and comprehensive data set, spanning 9,151 orders and 35,194 individual commissionervotes over 35 years to examine the factors driving commissioner voting. Employing logit choice models, we find significant evidence that periods of split government are correlated with more partisan voting. We also find significant evidence of signaling by commissioner voting. Specifically, the partisan composition of the D.C. Circuit drives dissenting, suggesting that commissioners use dissenting to signal sympathetic judges reviewing those orders.
Land Substitutes and Changes in Corn Yields

N APPARENTLY widely held belief is that average fertilizer use has been substantially less than optimum for certain crops at recent price relationships. The investigation reported here is an attempt to examine critically that belief.1 The analysis deals with the effects on corn yields of certain land substitutes; emphasis is centered on fertilizer as the most obvious substitute. The analysis examines market data that reflect actual producer behavior, rather than extrapolating such behavior from experimental results.2 Knowledge of errors made in such extrapolations is generally lacking. The analysis also presents two approaches to the hitherto unsolved problem of the effect of weather on production relations. One approach is to average out the effects by using long term (nine-year) average yields. The second is to account for weather by a constant term in a covariance analysis. In attempting to solve the weather and extrapolation problems two new ones are introduced. By moving to actual behavior the data have been restricted to state averages, hence an aggregation problem. This problem is essentially ignored throughout. The results are presumed
Shoulder Instability in the Overhead Athlete: A Systematic Review Comparing Arthroscopic and Open Stabilization Procedures.

Objectives: Overhead athletes place extraordinary physiologic demands on the shoulder during athletic activity. Repetitive microtrauma can result in attenuation of important capsuloligamentous structures that are responsible for providing glenohumeral stability resulting in symptomatic instability. Surgical management can utilize either an arthroscopic or open approach to shoulder stabilization; however, there is a paucity of data to support a specific technique and guide surgical decision making in this unique patient population. The purpose of the present study was to determine functional outcomes, including return to play, range of motion (ROM), validated outcome scores and recurrent instability following arthroscopic and open shoulder stabilization in overhead athletes diagnosed with anterior instability.
A Detailed Five-Year Review of Medical Device Additive Manufacturing Research and its Potential for Translation to Clinical Practice

This paper provides a systematic review of over 350 publications that document specific medical device examples in which the design and manufacturing relied on additive manufacturing processes (more popularly referred to as “3d Printing”). Existing reviews on 3d printing for medical device design focus on the range of clinical applications and potential uses for this technology. However, existing work tends to omit key medical device development and regulatory requirements pertaining to the use of 3d printing for technology translation. These omissions often present a skewed view of each device’s potential for rapid translation to commercialization and common clinical practice.To fill gaps in existing literature, this review includes medical device journal articles and identifies each article’s country of origin, the product development stage in which 3d printing was used, and the device’s specific type and classification under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The findings from this systematic review provide a detailed international snapshot of current additive manufacturing research and its near term potential for changing clinical practice.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Rocket-based combined cycle engine technology development - Sub-scale inlet experimental results

Tests of a 40% scale model of the inlet to a rocket-based combined-cycle (RBCC) engine were conducted in the NASA Lewis Research Center's 1-Foot by 1-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at Mach numbers from 4 to 6. The full-scale RBCC engine is currently being tested at the NASA Lewis Plum Brook Station Hypersonic Tunnel Facility (HTF). The RBCC engine flowpath is divided into three rectangular channels by two struts. Each strut in the full-scale engine contains three small rocket chambers which exhaust out of the trailing edge. The leading edges of the struts begin ahead of the cowl lip to provide transverse compression surfaces within the inlet. Two non-compressi ve outer sidewalls represent planes of symmetry. Objectives of the sub-scale inlet tests included determining the starting and performance characteristics of a baseline "tapered" leading edge strut configuration, and an alternate "untapered" configuration. The effects of precompression plate boundary layer ingestion and freestream Reynolds number were also investigated. Detailed pilotpressure surveys at the strut trailing edge station were used to establish the inlet performance and also guide the design of ramjet fuel injectors for the full-scale engine. These measurements, surface static pressures, and oil flow visualization were used to validate an inlet CFD analysis. A remotely-actuated plug was used to simulate combustion back-pressure during the tests. Pilot-pressure surveys were obtained by traversing a remotely-actuated, 12-tube rake across the flowpath. Inlet performance for Mach 4 through 6 is summarized for all configurations tested. Results indicate that the untapered strut configuration generally sustained higher back-pressure, and had lower distortion than the tapered strut configuration. In addition, the untapered strut configuration self-started at all Mach numbers tested. The untapered strut configuration was subsequently chosen for the full-scale engine. Pilot-pressure surveys, and surface static pressure distributions have been published previously for the untapered strut configuration at the HTF test Mach numbers of 5 and 6. This report presents summary performance data for all the strut configurations at Mach numbers 4, 5, and 6.
Mallophaga: in Vitro Testing of Artificial Diets

Populations of Bovicola limbatus (Gervais) increased 4.5-5.7× over ca. 1.5 generations on diets of goat flesh and wool extract, dehydrated veal and dehydrated lanum, and goat flesh and mohair extract (ratios=3:1 by wt). Populations of B. crassipes (Rudow) increased 4.8× and those of B. ovis (Schrank) 2.8× over ca. 1.5 generations on dehydrated veal and wool extract (ratios=4:l and 3:1, respectively, by wt). The increases were less for lice from field collections than for lice from colonies that had been reared in vitro for 6-7 years.
Learning the Correlation Between Images and Disease Labels Using Ambiguous Learning

In this paper, we present a novel approach to candidate ground truth label generation for large-scale medical image collections by combining clinically-relevant textual and visual analysis through the framework of ambiguous label learning. In particular, we present a novel string matching algorithm for extracting disease labels from patient reports associated with imaging studies. These are assigned as ambiguous labels to the images of the study. Visual analysis is then performed on the images of the study and diagnostically relevant features are extracted from relevant regions within images. Finally, we learn the correlation between the ambiguous disease labels and visual features through an ambiguous SVM learning framework. The approach was validated in a large Doppler image collection of over 7000 images showing a scalable way to semi-automatically ground truth large image collections.
How Targeted Enforcement Shapes Marketing Decisions of Pimps: Evidence of Displacement and Innovation

AbstractLittle research to date has examined how those who serve as intermediaries between clients and prostitutes (i.e., pimps) are influenced by targeted police interventions. While earlier work noted that displacement from risky online venues (i.e., Backpage and Craigslist) occurs, this study relies on data gathered from interviews with a purposive sample of pimps in the cities of Atlanta and Chicago to examine further the effects of targeted enforcement on where pimps advertise online and use of technological tools to reduce risk of detection. Pimps who advertised on the Internet were not different from those who used nonvirtual advertising, suggesting similar markets in the virtual and nonvirtual illicit sex trade. The vast majority of pimps who utilized the Internet for business continued to use Craigslist and/or Backpage to advertise and developed additional tactics to leverage their use. Some pimps broadened their presence on the Internet to other locations (specialized websites), moved to the dee...
Between Two Fires: A Fire History of Contemporary America. By Stephen J. Pyne.

Between Two Fires: A Fire History of Contemporary America . By Stephen J. Pyne. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2015. vii + 541 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliographical essay, index. $29.95, paper.) In 1982 Stephen J. Pyne published Fire in America , a book that served notice that the history of wildfire was a topic worthy of consideration, and that the topic had found its author. Pyne, an elite wildland firefighter for fifteen seasons, understood fire in ways that no archival research could impart. Fire in America launched Pyne’s career and sent him on a journey, both figurative and literal, across the globe. Since then, he has published a suite of histories of fire around the world and now returns his attention to the United … James.lewis{at}foresthistory.org
The heyday of the Jiangnan economy (1127 to 1550)

The Jin conquest of North China in 1127 once again sundered China in two, just as in the Period of Disunion that followed the nomad invasions of the early fourth century. For the next two and a half centuries North China was ruled by foreign conquerors, first the Jurchen and then the Mongols, while the refugee Song court retained control of the southern half of the empire. The military and fiscal dilemmas that had bedeviled the Northern Song leadership persisted unabated throughout the Southern Song. Yet ambitious programs of state-led reform, exemplified by Wang Anshi's New Policies, lost favor after the debacle of 1127. During the Southern Song period, the ascendant Neo-Confucian political philosophy stressed moral rejuvenation and community-based reforms under local leadership rather than state-driven institutional transformation. Nonetheless, the turn toward monetization of taxes and procurement of military provisions through market mechanisms continued and even intensified during the Southern Song. In any event, in the early thirteenth century the state's ability to manage its fiscal affairs abruptly deteriorated. The outbreak of renewed war with the Jin and civil war in Sichuan in 1205–08 utterly bankrupted the central government, forcing it to resort to ruinous fiscal and monetary policies. The Mongol conquest of the Jin in 1234 only heightened frontier tensions. After the Mongol invasions of the Southern Song began in earnest in 1257, the Song leadership again attempted radical reforms, such as an ill-fated program of confiscating lands from great landowners in the Yangzi Delta, with disastrous results. In 1276 the Mongols under the leadership of Qubilai, grandson of the great khan Chinggis, seized the Song capital of Hangzhou, and in 1279 the Mongols deposed the last Song emperor. The loss of the Central Plain and the relocation of the Southern Song capital to Hangzhou reinforced the preeminence of Jiangnan as both the agricultural and commercial heartland of the Song Empire. Swelled by refugees from the north, Jiangnan's population grew by nearly 50 percent between 1102 and 1223, in contrast to an estimated 9 percent increase for the Southern Song territories as a whole. Market towns and trade networks sprang up in the wake of the rapid advance of rice paddy polders across the plains of the Yangzi Delta, linking rural producers of grain and silk to Hangzhou and other major cities.
Rethinking Compassion in Light of Neorealism

This chapter presents the theoretical background to scrutinize forms of compassion in neorealist literary and cinematic texts. It applies theories of emotions formerly examined to some neorealist texts to demonstrate that in certain instances those theories need to be reevaluated. For instance, neorealist works invite discussions concerning the relationships among compassion and rational practices, evaluated inquiries, and the sufferers’ responsibility in situations of terror. In the extreme life-threatening conditions that prevailed in Italy during World War II, the Resistance, and the Holocaust, unlike previously demonstrated, apparently trivial aspects of life could elicit compassion. This chapter also illustrates how neorealist works portray compassionate reactions highlighting the horror of the circumstances and providing further evidence of the connection between compassion and responsibility.
Cadmium, Lead, and Depressive Symptoms: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012.

Background Several studies have noted an association between tobacco smoke and depression. Cadmium and lead are neurotoxicant components of tobacco smoke. The objective of the present study is to investigate the potential association between blood cadmium (BCd) and blood lead (BPb) with current depressive symptoms in the US adult population. Methods We conducted cross-sectional analyses of adult participants (≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 (N = 3,905). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between BCd and BPb with depressive symptoms; analyses were also stratified on sex and age groups (20-47 years and ≥ 48 years). Presence or absence of depressive symptoms was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire module. Results Individuals in the highest quartile of BCd had higher odds of having depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence limits: 1.12, 2.51). This association was found only in male participants and, more specifically, in younger adult male participants (20-47 years). We found that BPb, cigarette smoking, and obesity were associated with depressive symptoms in younger female adults. Conclusions In this study, we report associations between BCd and BPb with current depressive symptoms that were modified by age and sex. Reverse causation cannot be ruled out as a possible explanation since depression may lead to behavioral changes that increase exposure to cadmium and lead (ie, tobacco smoke). The continued efforts at reducing cadmium through tobacco smoking cessation programs may decrease the prevalence of current depressive symptoms.
ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS USING ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE SULFOXIDES

Abstract High asymmetric induction has been observed during conjugate addition of various organometallic reagents to some enantiomerically pure 2-arylsulfinyl-2-cycloalkenones. These stereocontrolled carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are discussed in terms of their mechanistic and synthetic aspects, with emphasis on (1) using the same enantiomerically pure sulfoxide to produce either an ( R )- or an ( S )-3-substituted cycloalkanone, and (2) rationalization of the results in terms of either chelated or non-chelated ketosulfoxide reactants.
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: WHO IS AT RISK?

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. In patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), risk for OSA is not well described. We aimed to define ACHD patients at high risk for OSA. Methods: ACHD patients (≥18 yo, not peripartum) were
The Role of Science in Addressing the Opioid Crisis

The National Institutes of Health will work with private partners to develop better overdose-reversal and prevention interventions; find new medications and technologies to treat opioid addiction; and find safe, effective, nonaddictive strategies to manage chronic pain.
Use of Micro-Genetic Algorithms in Bioprocess Optimization

Abstract A hybrid neural network-genetic algorithm approach for bioprocess optimization is proposed and evaluated. A recurrent neural network is supervised-trained on a set of available fermentation data, and used to predict the species concentrations which are difficult to measure on-line. With the state variable information available, a micro-genetic algorithm optimization technique is used to generate the optimum control settings to improve the process performance. The methodology is applied to optimize the fermentative ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis in batch mode. The objective is to find the best environmental conditions, namely temperature, which can maximize the product yield. A simulation study shows that the proposed technique is capable of modelling and optimizing the bioprocess.
Does Receiving or Providing Social Support on Facebook Influence Life Satisfaction? Stress as Mediator and Self-Esteem as Moderator

We propose a model that assumes that receiving and providing social support on Facebook reduces stress, which subsequently improves life satisfaction. The model also hypothesizes that self-esteem moderates the relationship between receiving social support via Facebook and life satisfaction and the relationship between providing social support via Facebook and life satisfaction. Applying mediation and moderation analyses to data collected from undergraduate students taking an introductory communication course at a U.S. public university ( N = 382) yielded three results. First, there was no significant indirect effect of receiving social support on life satisfaction via stress. Second, providing social support increased stress, which subsequently reduced life satisfaction. Finally, self-esteem moderates the relationship between providing social support and life satisfaction: Among students with low self-esteem, providing social support significantly improved life satisfaction; however, among students with high self-esteem, providing social support did not influence life satisfaction. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Performing the Forensic Necropsy

The forensic necropsy is done to facilitate a legal investigation, and its scope and focus are often different than a traditional diagnostic necropsy performed on clinical cases of natural death. In the case of a forensic necropsy, the examination and documentation are being prepared for law enforcement and the court. Examination procedures should follow best practices for evidence handling and documentation. The pathologist must be well prepared to testify to her or his findings and conclusions in court. The forensic necropsy should not, however, be regarded with fear. This chapter will review the forensic necropsy procedure, highlighting areas in which it might differ from the routine diagnostic necropsy. Ancillary techniques such as imaging studies, alternate light source examination, and skeletal preparation are also discussed. Finally, proper evidence handling and trace evidence collection techniques are outlined.
A short history of constitutional liberalism in America

American liberalism emerged before the most famous European liberal intellectuals put their pens to paper. It was grounded partly on liberal ideas that were in the air before those works were written, but mostly on the attractive communities generated by liberal institutions and policies. American liberalism is empirically, rather than theoretically, grounded. This paper uses excerpts from colonial and constitutional documents to demonstrate the long history of liberal institutions in the territories that became the United States. American liberalism is an evolutionary rather than an intellectual phenomenon.
Block Copolymers and Adhesion Between Immiscible Polymers

We have examined the effect of a series of polystyrene (PS)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) diblock copolymers on the adhesion between PS and PMMA, and PMMA and poly(phenylene-oxide) (PPO). We measured the joint fracture energy, G, and also the arrangement of the diblock at the interface. In some cases the diblock organizes at the interface giving just one entangled strand across the interface per diblock molecule. Fracture of the sample causes the diblock molecule to break at the junction and G varies as the square of the the interfacial density of diblock molecules. The saturation interfacial density decreases with increasing diblock molecular weight so lower molecular weight diblocks can give stronger interfaces. However if the diblock is too short then it can pull-out of the homopolymer rather than break, reducing G. In other cases the diblock does not organize fully at the interface and so works rather as a random material which can entangle with both homopolymers. For high molecular weight diblocks this disorganized layer can give much stronger adhesion than is found with organized diblock layers.
Interactions of Keratins With Metal Ions: Uptake Profiles, Mode of Binding, and Effects on Properties of Wool

The binding of a number of metal ions by some natural substances and agricultural by-products representing different classes of biopolymers such as proteins (e. g., wool and keratin derivatives), polyphenolic substances (e. g., lignin-humic acid rich substances, bark, activated sewage residue), and polyamine carbohydrates (e. g., chitosan, diamine-modified dialdehyde starch), was measured to test these materials as potential scavengers for toxic and industrial metal ions that may be present in waste industrial effluents or other water supplies. Our results from these studies have been described elsewhere (Masri and Friedman, 1972, 1973; Masri et. al., 1973, 1974 a, b; Masri and Friedman, 1974; Friedman and Masri, 1973); representative uptake data are shown in Tables (1–5). The results afford comparisons among these different insoluble polymers as regards their capacity and rate of binding of the different ions. In general, many instances of relatively substantial and rapid binding of certain metal ions were observed. The bound cations resist washing with water but stability to other more vigorous treatments were not tested further (except in a few experiments with Hg(II) bound to keratins, Friedman and Masri, this volume). Also, competitive binding form a mixture of cations in solution was not tested (i. e., relative affinity series were not determined).
The American Dream or the American Delusion? The Private and External Benefits of Homeownership for Women

This paper uses a unique data set with housing consumption, well-being measures and time use patterns to explore the implications of homeownership. After controlling for income, housing quality and health, female homeowners are not better off than renters by a variety of measures, both global and situational. Instead, they derive significantly more pain from their house and home – comparable to the unadjusted increase from a doubling in home value. Differences in financial security, health, self-esteem, perceived control, stress level cannot account for the well-being results. One potential mechanism is time use differences: female homeowners tend to spend less time on enjoyable activities, such as active leisure.
Ensamble Organum: Experiencia Docente en Arquitectura basada en Modelaciones Morfológicas según Criterios Algorítmico-Procedimentales

Next, principles of study and modeling of irregular and complex forms, associated with processes of scalar vector fragmentation are presented. This allows to encompass, within the paradigm of pure forms, typical of modern and contemporary art and architecture, from the smallest grain, to the most holistic landscape and landscape, as a unit of continuous study, allowing to identify not only individual units or even modular design, but in relation to the modeling of frames, gradients, texture formation and wider morphological tissues. This type of approach is presented as the basis of a working model with architectural students (M-MAA) in the morphological-procedural study, which includes criteria and typically architectural variables, such as the hierarchy of volumes, spatiality, circulation, the structuring in levels, views, cuts, relationships of interiority, exteriority and spatial mixture, together with criteria of functional-design ordering, constituting a model of pre-architectural morphological work.
Shear wave elastography with combined high spatial and temporal frequency excitations

Shear wave elastography is a method for quantitatively measuring the mechanical properties of soft tissues. Shear wave attenuation is high in soft tissues and increases with frequency. In a recent work, high resolution and accuracy can be reached at higher temporal frequencies. To combat the high shear wave attenuation and to obtain higher accuracy and lower variability, we propose to combine acoustic radiation force excitations that have multiple push beams and high temporal frequencies. Multiple push beams were generated with multiple focused beams and multiple intersecting unfocused beams. Measurements made with tonebursts of ultrasound with length 200 μs repeated at 500 and 1000 Hz were compared against a single toneburst. Measurements were made in commercial homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. Wave velocity images were reconstructed from the acquired data. The accuracy and variance were evaluated in the homogeneous phantoms. The contrast and accuracy were evaluated in the heterogeneous phantoms. In both types of phantoms, the magnitude at selected frequencies will be compared among the different excitations. The frequency bandwidth for each excitation will be compared. This work highlights that the combination of multiple push beams and excitations with high temporal frequencies can be combined for improved imaging in shear wave elastography.
Relating Math Words, Visual Images, and Math Symbols for Understanding and Competence

This paper briefly overviews my research in supporting children to learn number concepts by relating number words, research-based visual supports, and math symbols. I first outline my approach to h...
Exploring the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder and interpersonal outcomes: The role of social acknowledgment and trauma type.

OBJECTIVES Research demonstrates consistent relations between posttrauma symptoms and interpersonal dysfunction. The current study examined the extent to which perceptions of community rejection account for the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and interpersonal outcomes in students exposed to assaultive and nonassaultive trauma. METHOD Participants (N = 137; 66.4% female; M = 20 years) completed a trauma history interview, questionnaires assessing symptom severity, social disapproval, and interpersonal outcomes. RESULTS Assault survivors (n = 83) reported greater symptoms (d = 0.57), disapproval (d = 0.80), and social impairment (d = 0.51) relative to the nonassault group (n = 54). However, regression analyses indicated stronger associations between PTSD and community disapproval in survivors of nonassaultive (β = 0.69; p < 0.001) versus assaultive (β = 0.34; p < 0.001) events. Indirect effects of PTSD on perceived support and interpersonal functioning through social disapproval were also larger for nonassaultive versus assaultive groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite greater dysfunction among assault survivors, perceptions of disapproval may be a more salient factor for interpersonal dynamics following nonassaultive trauma.
Do Neighborhoods Matter? A Systematic Review of Modifiable Risk Factors for Obesity among Low Socio-Economic Status Black and Hispanic Children.

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity increases the risk of obesity and harmful comorbidities later in life. It is influenced by characteristics of a child's neighborhood, particularly among under...
Graph vulnerability parameters, compression, and quasi-threshold graphs

Abstract Kelmans, and later independently Bogdanowicz and Satyanarayana, Schoppmann, and Suffel, showed that a graph operation which has come to be known as the compression of G from vertex u to vertex v could not increase, and typically decreased, both the number of spanning trees and the all-terminal reliability of a graph. Both these quantities are well-known vulnerability parameters, i.e., measures of the strength of a network, and subsequently a number of other prominent vulnerability parameters — including vertex connectivity, toughness, scattering number, edge connectivity, edge toughness, and binding number — have been shown to be affected by compression in a similar way. As a consequence threshold graphs are extremal for all of the parameters mentioned. In this paper we show that for the graph vulnerability parameters integrity, tenacity, and k -component order connectivity, if u , v are adjacent then compression cannot increase, and typically decreases them. As a consequence, these parameters have quasi-threshold graphs as extremal graphs. We also show, however, that there are graphs with non-adjacent u , v where compression increases these parameters. To the best of our knowledge, these parameters are the first identified that behave differently under compression depending upon which pairs of vertices are used in the compression.
The Path to Sweet Success: Free and Unfree Labor in the Building of Roads and Rails in Havana, Cuba, 1790–1835

Havana's status as a colonial port shaped both its infrastructure needs and the patterns of labor recruitment and coercion used to build it. The port city's initial economic and political orientation was maritime, with capital and labor invested largely in defense and shipbuilding. By the nineteenth century, Cuba had become a plantation colony based on African enslavement, exporting increasing quantities of sugar to Europe and North America. Because the island was relatively underpopulated, workers for infrastructure projects and plantations had to be imported through global circuits of coerced labor, such as the transatlantic slave trade, the transportation of prisoners, and, in the 1800s, indentured workers from Europe, Mexico, or Asia. Cuban elites and colonial officials in charge of transportation projects experimented with different mixes of workers, who labored on the roads and railways under various degrees of coercion, but always within the socio-economic and cultural framework of a society based on the enslavement of people considered racially distinct. Thus, the indenture of white workers became a crucial supplement to other forms of labor coercion in the building of rail lines in the 1830s, but Cuban elites determined that these workers’ whiteness was too great a risk to the racial hierarchy of the Cuban labor market and therefore sought more racially distinct contract workers after 1840.
Are Top Management Teams Compensated as Teams? A Structural Modeling Approach

This paper develops an empirical approach to explicitly test two multi-agent moral hazard models on executive compensation in S&P 1500 firms, which distinguish between a team perspective and an individual perspective. This approach assesses which model is more robust at rationalizing the observed relationship between executive compensation and firm performance. The results favor the team perspective under which unilateral shirking is assumed infeasible for managers. The analysis rejects the individual perspective under which each manager can unilaterally shirk. This paper also quantifies three model-based measures of agency costs. The risk premium can explain up to 37% of total compensation for higher-paid managers in large firms. This upper bound is higher than that of lower-paid managers and all managers in small firms. Shareholders could experience a reduction in equity return by 0.04-0.15 due to managers shirking. In addition, shareholders could benefit from switching from an individual-perspective contract to a team-perspective contract. Such counterfactual analysis predicts the risk premium could be reduced by $1 million-$17 million in the compensation of the higher-paid managers and $0.1 million-$3 million in the compensation of the lower-paid managers.
Rates of Actionable Genetic Findings in Individuals with Colorectal Cancer or Polyps Ascertained from a Community Medical Setting

As clinical testing for Mendelian causes of colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely driven by recognition of family history and early age of onset, the rates of such findings among individuals with prevalent CRC not recognized to have these features is largely unknown. We evaluated actionable genomic findings in community-based participants ascertained by three phenotypes: (1) CRC, (2) one or more adenomatous colon polyps, and (3) control participants over age 59 years without CRC or colon polyps. These participants underwent sequencing for a panel of genes that included colorectal cancer/polyp (CRC/P)-associated and actionable incidental findings genes. Those with CRC had a 3.8% rate of positive results (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) for a CRC-associated gene variant, despite generally being older at CRC onset (mean 72 years). Those ascertained for polyps had a 0.8% positive rate and those with no CRC/P had a positive rate of 0.2%. Though incidental finding rates unrelated to colon cancer were similar for all groups, our positive rate for cardiovascular findings exceeds disease prevalence, suggesting that variant interpretation challenges or low penetrance in these genes. The rate of HFE c.845G>A (p.Cys282Tyr) homozygotes in the CRC group reinforces a previously reported, but relatively unexplored, association between hemochromatosis and CRC. These results in a general clinical population suggest that current testing strategies could be improved in order to better detect Mendelian CRC-associated conditions. These data also underscore the need for additional functional and familial evidence to clarify the pathogenicity and penetrance of variants deemed pathogenic or likely pathogenic, particularly among the actionable genes associated with cardiovascular disease.
Research Strategy and Methodology

The questions concerning the product of Kibbutz child rearing, raised in the previous chapter, are of the kind that might be posed by intelligent parents and lay people in general, by curious educators, by the sophisticated clinicians and personality theorists. The research methods and strategy that were employed in the attack on these problems are the focus of the present chapter.
Antenatal ultrasound compared to MRI evaluation of fetal myelomeningocele: a prenatal and postnatal evaluation

Background Spina bifida affects 0.5-1 in 1000 pregnancies in the United States and is often diagnosed in the mid-second trimester. The objective of the study was to directly compare ultrasounds (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in the antenatal period in the diagnosis and localization of fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) and compare these with the postnatal outcomes of these infants Methods A retrospective analysis of patients referred to the Fetal Care Center at the Cleveland Clinic from 2005 to 2017. US and MRIs were obtained from the Cleveland Clinic electronic medical record. Infants were followed-up at an interdisciplinary myelomeningocele pediatrics clinic. Results MRI and US varied in correlation with physical exam at the time of birth and surgery. While no differences were detected in demographics, pregnancy outcomes or pediatric outcomes, it was noted that the majority of patients developed neurogenic bladders irrespective of the lesion level. Conclusion MRI is not superior to US in the diagnosis of MMC. Pregnancies complicated by MMC do not vary in morbidity, and pediatric outcomes remain similar regardless of the lesion level. This data provides additional information for the counseling of patients when faced with this antenatal diagnosis.
The Application of Narrative Theory to Organization Theory Building

Current research in organization theory suggets application of theories of narrative for understanding organizations. The paper reviews the narrative theories of Burke, Bakhtin, and Lanser for their application to organization theory building.
Electrostatic ion-cyclotron instability caused by a nonuniform electric field perpendicular to the external magnetic field

A new mechanism that can destabilize kinetic ion‐cyclotron waves in the presence of a nonuniform electric field perpendicular to the uniform ambient magnetic field is given. In the absence of the electric field, the mode energy is positive, while in the presence of a uniform electric field the mode energy could be negative. However, when the electric field is nonuniform, it is possible for a finite region to be a negative wave energy surrounded by regions of positive wave energy. A nonlocal wave packet couples the two regions so that a flow of energy from the region of negative wave energy to the region of positive wave energy will cause the mode to brow. This gives rise to the instability.
Inhaled Medication Reconciliation in the Electronic Medical Record

Background: The prevention of medication errors was a TJC priority, per the 2017 National Patient Safety Goals. The literature states that medication errors are quite common, and that 40% are related to inadequate medication reconciliation. In general, there should be 9one truth9 or list of home medications in the electronic medical record (EMR). Our EMR contains 4 areas for documentation of home medications. Previously, our RTs lacked access to one area - the 9External Rx History9 - which links to an OP pharmacy data repository. Per pharmacy, this is the most accurate data related to home medications. Our RTs rely on home inhaled medications as the foundation for our inhaled medication (bronchodilator and inhaled steroid; BDT) protocol, and discrepancies in EMR and patient reporting can influence appropriate in-hospital ordering of these drugs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the EMRs of a convenience sample of patients placed on our bronchodilator protocol (N=30) (IRB - 2571). Using structured intake, we reviewed 9Inpatient Summary9, 9Transition of Care9, 9Document Med by Hx9, and 9External Rx History9, for consistency of information across charting areas. We also sought to determine whether 1) Home inhaled medications were congruent with inpatient orders, 2) Any outpatient inhaled medications were omitted, and 3) Transition of care included appropriate discharge inhaled medications. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Results: A total of 30 charts were reviewed. The inpatient summary matched the External Rx History in 72% of cases (n=29, with data missing for 1 subject), and congruency of our BDT with home inhaled meds was only 63%. Thirty percent of subjects had an outpatient-inhaled medication omitted from inpatient orders, and there were discrepancies in the Transition of Care inhaled medication list in 60% of subjects. Only 11% of subjects had congruence among all sources of inhaled medication reconciliation across designated areas within the EMR. Conclusions: Multiple areas to display home medications leads to a lack of consistency and congruence within the EMR.