cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal trastuzumab: immunotherapy improves the prognosis of leptomeningeal metastases in HER-2+ breast cancer patient

We describe the clinical and therapeutic course of a 51-year-old woman with HER-2+ breast cancer who developed leptomeningeal (LM) and spinal cord metastases after 8 years of stable disease on combination therapy with intravenous (IV) trastuzumab. Due to progressive CNS disease, intrathecal (IT) trastuzumab was introduced to enhance HER-2+ therapy into the CSF space. A combination HER-2+ targeted approach achieved clinical remission with stable disease in our patient 46 months after she was diagnosed with LM metastases. However, spinal cord C-1 metastasis was not fully controlled with IT trastuzumab, ultimately leading to the patient’s respiratory compromise. In our patient, IT trastuzumab immunotherapy improved prognosis and was an effective strategy to manage HER-2+ LM disease. Given alone or alongside other anti-HER-2+ therapeutics with sufficient CNS penetration, IT trastuzumab could extend the lifespan of patients with leptomeningeal and CNS metastases.
Fusarium Solani Endophthalmitis without Primary Corneal Involvement

A 45-year-old woman developed a fungal endophthalmitis caused by Fusarium solani. No primary corneal lesion existed. Therefore, the focus of infection was considered endogenous. Although disseminated systemic infections with Fusarium species have been described in compromised hosts, including a patient with metastatic panophthalmitis, we believe this is the first report of an endogenous endophthalmitis caused by F. solani in a healthy individual.
Faculty-Librarian Collaboration to Teach Research Skills: Electronic Symbiosis

SUMMARY This article discusses faculty-librarian collaboration to integrate technology in a course that focuses on teaching empirical research methodologies and library research skills to elementary and early childhood education graduate students. Vygotsky's theory, standards in teacher education, and information literacy standards form the conceptual framework that supports this collaboration. The purpose and procedures of this collaboration, as well as student, faculty, and librarian outcomes, are discussed. This present collaboration on bibliographic instruction and the use of Blackboard courseware is framed within the context of past history of collaboration and future plans to expand this collaboration.
Recovery from viral encephalomyelitis: immune-mediated noncytolytic virus clearance from neurons

Viral encephalomyelitis is caused by virus infections of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Recovery is dependent on immune-mediated control and clearance of virus from these terminally differentiated essential cells. Preservation of neuronal function is essential for prevention of neurologic sequelae such as paralysis, seizures and cognitive deficits. Using the model system of Sindbis virus-induced encephalomyelitis in mice, we have shown that immune-mediated clearance of infectious virus from neurons is a noncytolytic process. The major effectors are antibody to the E2 surface glycoprotein produced by B cells, and interferon-γ produced by T cells. These effectors work in synergy, but neuronal populations differ in their responses to each. Virus is least likely to be cleared from brain neurons and most likely to be cleared from motor neurons in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spinal cord. Because the infected neurons are not eliminated, viral RNA persists and long-term control is needed to prevent virus reactivation. Virus-specific antibody-secreting cells residing in the nervous system after recovery from infection are likely to be important for long-term control.
Indigenous Political Difference, Colonial Perspectives and the Challenge of Diplomatic Relations: Toward a Decolonial Diplomacy in Multicultural Educational Theory

This article considers how diplomacy can be refined and amplified within the field of multicultural education. Focusing on Native American peoples in particular, I argue that the multiculturalist emphasis on cultural diplomacy overlooks the political difference of First Nations peoples. In contrast to a multiculturalist cultural diplomacy, the article develops diplomacy according to a decolonial framework that seeks to dismantle colonial perspectives of Native American political difference. Drawing upon theorists and historians of diplomacy, as well as Indigenous and decolonial writers, the article seeks to provide the terms through which teacher identifications as decolonial diplomats can be fostered toward Native Americans.
Group size and the free-rider hypothesis: A re-examination of old evidence from churches: Comment

This paper comments on a recent study by Lipford (1995) which rejects the hypothesis of free ridership. This paper contends that Lipford's analysis suffers from two serious misspecification errors. A re-examination of Lipford's results suggests that free ridership could occur. Other hypotheses, however, are also consistent with the new results.
The histologic host response to liquid silicone injections for prevention of pressure-related ulcers of the foot: a 38-year study.

This study analyzed the histologic effects of and host response to subdermally injected liquid silicone to augment soft-tissue cushioning of the bony prominences of the foot. A total of 148 postmor...
The ames miniscreen assay: Volatility of sodium azide can cause an increase in the reversion frequencies of adjacent, untreated wells

Sodium azide, when added to wells adjacent to untreated wells, caused an increase in the reversion rate of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in a 12-well plate format. Increases in the reversion frequency in adjacent, untreated wells were observed when a single well on the plate was treated with as little as 1 microg of sodium azide. This effect is probably caused by the hydrolysis of sodium azide to form hydrazoic acid. Hydrazoic acid has a boiling point of 37 degrees C and, thus, would become a diffusible gas during the incubation of the plates. Our findings suggest that a diffusible gas is present and that this gas has the ability to contaminate nearby wells when using the multiwell version of the Ames assay. Furthermore, it may be prudent to isolate all positive controls and negative controls on separate plates with no test material since a volatile test material could produce spurious results in the Ames miniscreen.
Development of the Drosophila retina: Inductive events studied at single cell resolution

Le developpement de l'œil de la drosophile fournit un des rares systemes ou les mecanismes moleculaires des interactions inductives a courte distance peuvent etre etudies au niveau de la cellule. On a etudie la mutation de 3 genes (rough, sevenless et boss) qui provoque des perturbations dans l'assemblage des ommatidies (unites de 20 cellules), ce qui indique que les produits de ces genes peuvent etre composants d'un systeme qui transmet les signaux inductifs entre les cellules
Trophic Relationships and Foraging Strategies of some New World Tree Snakes (Leptophis, Oxybelis, Uromacer)

Trophic relationships and foraging strategies are examined in two New World arboreal, diurnal, snake communities: Leptophis mexicanus, Oxybelis aeneus, and O.fulgidus from Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, and Uromacer catesbyi and U. oxyrhynchus from Isla Saona, Republica Dominicana. Active foragers (L. mexicanus and U. catesbyi) have similar body proportions and feed primarily on diurnally quiescent prey (hylid frogs, bird eggs). Sit-and-wait strategists (O. aeneus, O.fulgidus and U. oxyrhynchus) have similar body proportions and feed on diurnally active prey (primarily lizards). Active foragers take prey that is, on the average, larger than the prey of sit-and-wait foragers, but presumably, active foragers expend more energy in locating prey. Trophic niche breadth is widest among the active foragers and narrowest for the slender vine snakes (O. aeneus and U. oxyrhynchus). Trophic niche overlap values are low for species pairs that occur sympatrically (or syntopically) with the exception of O. aeneus-O. fulgidus, but O. fufgidus preys on a wider variety of lizard taxa, preys on birds (which are absent from the diet of O. aeneus), and takes prey items that are significantly larger in size. It seems likely that, among arboreal colubrids, the sit-and-wait foraging strategy is derived from one of active foraging.
Endocytosis of the Type III Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Receptor through the Clathrin-independent/Lipid Raft Pathway Regulates TGF-β Signaling and Receptor Down-regulation

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals through three highly conserved cell surface receptors, the type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII), the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII), and the type I TGF-β receptor (TβRI) to regulate diverse cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Although TβRI and TβRII undergo ligand-independent endocytosis by both clathrin-mediated endocytosis, resulting in enhanced signaling, and clathrin-independent endocytosis, resulting in receptor degradation, the mechanism and function of TβRIII endocytosis is poorly understood. TβRIII is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan with a short cytoplasmic tail that functions as a TGF-β superfamily co-receptor, contributing to TGF-β signaling through mechanisms yet to be fully defined. We have reported previously that TβRIII endocytosis, mediated by a novel interaction with βarrestin-2, results in decreased TGF-β signaling. Here we demonstrate that TβRIII undergoes endocytosis in a ligand and glycosaminoglycan modification-independent and cytoplasmic domain-dependent manner, with the interaction of Thr-841 in the cytoplasmic domain of TβRIII with β-arrestin2 enhancing TβRIII endocytosis. TβRIII undergoes both clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis. Importantly, inhibition of the clathrin-independent, lipid raft pathway, but not of the clathrin-dependent pathway, results in decreased TGF-β1 induced Smad2 and p38 phosphorylation, supporting a specific role for clathrin-independent endocytosis of TβRIII in regulating both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent TGF-β signaling.
Coping response training versus in vivo desensitization in fear reduction

The present study was designed to test the effectiveness of active coping response training over in vivo desensitization in reducing fear as measured across behavioral, physiological, and self-report dimensions. Treatment consisted of training in either (a)coping responses that control the phobic stimulus, (b)biofeedback-assisted in vivo desensitization, or (c)contact control. Teaching subjects specific content-related coping responses and encouraging behavioral rehearsal faciliated more dramatic fear reduction than did in vivo desensitization. Alteration of emotional arousal via in vivo desensitization led to greater fear reduction than did exposure alone. The results are consistent with self-efficacy theory.
Boron in granitic magmas: stability of tourmaline in equilibrium with biotite and cordierite

Experiments at 750 °C, 200 MPa(H2O), a(H2O)=1, and fO2∼Ni-NiO established that the equilibrium among tourmaline, biotite, cordierite, and melt (± spinel, aluminosilicate, or corundum) occurs with ∼2 wt% B2O3 in strongly peraluminous melt with an aluminosity, measured by the parameter ASI, of >1.2. The experiments demonstrate the relationship of tourmaline stability to the activity product of the tourmaline components boron and aluminum, which are inversely related to one another. Tourmaline is unstable in metaluminous to mildly peraluminous melts (ASI 2 wt% B2O3 in their bulk magmas.
A new view to assist public agency development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to expand the research into the “micro-level” of the effects of evidence-based activity on organisational change by focusing on an economic development agency's (EDA's) effort to spread the use of standardised measurements to improve accountability for the use of public funds. Design/methodology/approach – The authors interviewed 19 key managers and staff of a large British EDA. Participant comments revealed concerns deeper than the technical measurement issue the agency brought in to study. The authors reconceptualised these concerns using the notion of a centre of calculation. Findings – Although the EDA focused on standardised measurement as a technical issue, the authors find organisational issues such as the need to reconcile differing perceptions of the importance of measurement, a desire to improve organisational learning and a tension between analysts and project managers impeding accountability efforts and delaying agency growth. Research limitations/implica...
Experiments in sophisticated content analysis

In recent years, natural language data processing research and development has turned away from its earlier goals of fully-automatic high-quality translation, and similarly unmanageable tasks, toward the construction of computational tools for a variety of more practical applications. At the Center for Computer-Based Behavioral Studies at UCLA, such tools are being used in the analysis of message sets originating in experimental gaming situations, studies of social interaction, group simulations, as well as for the analysis of outside documents of interest.A central tool in these studies is the so-called Stanford Inquirer, a more sophisticated version of the earlier General Inquirer. The use of the Stanford Inquirer has heretofore involved considerable costs in time and money for the manual pre-coding of the object texts---an essential step in the identification of the "themes" of interest in the text. Besides being expensive, this manual text encoding has been subject to inter-code inconsistency and bias. Through automated interactive theme encoding, the Center is working to overcome these obstacles to effective, large-scale text analysis. In addition, these text processing tools are being shaped for other applications, such as automated document classification and routing.Two approaches are called sequential coding and the other based on the Woods-Kaplan transition network analyzer will be discussed.
Coactivators and nuclear receptor transactivation

A variety of coregulator proteins serve as partners for nuclear receptors orchestrating the molecular events required for receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation. Some coregulators directly interact with nuclear receptors and provide a platform for recruitment of other factors that provide distinct biochemical activities that influence transcriptional efficiency. Coregulators can influence chromatin structure and activity via direct modification of histone proteins or by facilitating ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. They also have the capacity to impact multiple steps in the transcription process including initiation, elongation, and mRNA splicing. Genetic analysis in humans and animal models are revealing the important cell and tissue-type specific actions of nuclear receptor coregulators as well and their role in human physiology and disease.
Two theories/a sharper lens: the staff nurse voice in the workplace.

DEMARCO R. (2002) Journal of Advanced Nursing 38(6), 549-556 Two theories/a sharper lens: the staff nurse voice in the workplace Aim of the paper. This paper (1) introduces the two theoretical frameworks, Silencing the Self and the Framework of Systemic Organization (2) describes the design and findings briefly of a study exploring spillover in nurses utilizing the frameworks, and (3) discusses the process and value of theory triangulation when conducting research in the context of complex nursing systems phenomena where gender, professional work, and gender identity merge. Background/rationale. A research study was designed to analyse the actual workplace behaviours of nurses in the context of their lives at work and outside work. An exploration of theoretical frameworks that could direct the measurement of the phenomena in question led to the use of two frameworks, the Framework of Systemic Organization (Friedemann 1995) and the Silencing the Self Theory (Jack 1991), and the creation of a valid and reliable summative rating instrument (the Staff Nurse Workplace Behaviours Scale, SNWBS). Design/Methods. A descriptive correlational design was used to measure behaviours between work and home. Results/findings. There were statistically significant relationships found between workplace behaviours, family behaviours, and silencing behaviours as measured by the two separate scales measuring framework concepts. Conclusions. Although both theories had different origins and philosophical tenets, the findings of a research study created an opportunity to integrate the concepts of each and unexpectedly increase and broaden the understanding of spillover for women who are often nurses.
Intraoperative angiography provides objective assessment of skin perfusion in complex knee reconstruction.

Background Wound necrosis is a potentially devastating complication of complex knee reconstruction. Laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography (LA-ICGA) is a technology that has been described in the plastic surgery literature to provide an objective assessment of skin perfusion in the operating room. This novel technology uses a plasma protein bound dye (ICG) and a camera unit that is calibrated to view the frequency emitted by the dye. The intention of this technology is to offer real-time visualization of blood flow to skin and soft tissue in a way that might help surgeons make decisions about closure or coverage of a surgical site based on blood flow, potentially avoiding soft tissue reconstruction while preventing skin necrosis or wound breakdown after primary closures, but its efficacy is untested in the setting of complex TKA.
Pure tone thresholds in the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus)

Abstract Using a reaction-time procedure, pure tone thresholds were measured behaviorally in four baboons at 12 frequencies, ranging from 62 Hz to 40 kHz. Lowest mean individual thresholds were in the range of 3 to -8 dB SPL between 1.0 and 16.0 kHz, and rose to 48 dB at 62 Hz, and 59 dB at 40.0 kHz. These threshold functions closely match those of other Old World monkeys.
Nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves for prestress level monitoring in prestressing strands for post-tensioned concrete structures

Monitoring load levels in multi-wire steel strands is crucial to ensuring the proper structural performance of post-tensioned concrete structures, suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The post-tensioned box-girder structural scheme is widely used in several bridges, including 90% of the California inventory. In this structural typology, prestressing tendons are the main load-carrying components. Therefore loss of prestress as well as the presence of structural defects (e.g. corrosion and broken wires) affecting these elements are critical for the performance of the entire structure and may conduct to catastrophic failures. Unfortunately, at present there is no well-established methodology for the monitoring of prestressing (PS) tendons able to provide simultaneous and continuous information about the presence of defects as well as prestress levels. In this paper the authors develop a methodology to assess the level of load applied to the strands through the use of ultrasonic nonlinearity. Since an axial load on a multi-wire strand generates proportional contact stresses between adjacent wires, ultrasonic nonlinearity from the inter-wire contact must be related to the level of axial load. The work presented shows that the higher-harmonic generation of ultrasonic guided waves propagating in individual wires of the strand varies monotonically with the applied load, with smaller higher-harmonic amplitudes with increasing load levels. This trend is consistent with previous studies on higher-harmonic generation from ultrasonic plane waves incident on a contact interface under a changing contact pressure. The paper presents the results of experimental researches on free strands and embedded strands, and numerical studies (nonlinear Finite Element Analysis) on free strands.
Millimeter-wave spectrum of MgSH

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of MgSH was observed for the first time, using millimeter-wave absorption spectroscopy in the 280–365 GHz region. This short-lived gas phase free radical was produced in a high-temperature cell by the reaction of Mg metal vapor with H 2 S in the presence of an electrical discharge. The spectrum was analyzed using an S -reduced asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian to obtain molecular parameters, including rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin-rotation constants. The analysis of the spectrum indicated that MgSH is bent, in agreement with an ab initio calculation. The ∠Mg–S–H angle obtained from the analysis was 87.5 ± 6.7°, as compared to a calculated ab initio value of 91.1°.
Flexibility in annual cycles of birds: implications for endocrine control mechanisms

Life cycles of birds and other vertebrates are composed of series of life history stages each with unique combinations of morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics. For example, in the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys, the nonbreeding stage (winter), vernal migration, breeding, moult and autumn migration stages occur in a fixed and repeated sequence where each cycle is 1 year. The sequence of stages cannot be reversed. Transition from one life history stage to the next and the duration of each stage are dependent upon a combination of genetic factors and environmental cues. The latter include the annual change in photoperiod and the former may involve endogenous circannual rhythms. All vertebrates also express the emergency life history stage in response to perturbations of the environment that allow individuals to cope with the unpredictable. Each stage has a unique repertoire of sub-stages (physiological and behavioral, and to a lesser extent morphological), which can be expressed in any sequence or combination to give the state of the individual at any point in its life cycle. This state is presumably maximally adapted to the environmental conditions at that time. Although the sequence of life history stages appears to be innate, the rate of transition from stage to stage, and the expression of sub-stages can be modified by the local environmental factors and, particularly, by social cues. These environmental cues acting on the phenotype result in neuroendocrine and endocrine secretions that regulate development of the life history stage, its onset once mature capability has been attained, and then terminate it at the appropriate times. The environmental cues (from the physical and social environment) impart a strong experiential component. Because, there is a set number of life history stages and their sub-stages, there is a finite number of states that can be expressed in response to the environmental variation experienced by the individual. The more life history stages a phenotype expresses, the less flexibility is there in the overall timing of these stages owing to the time taken to develop one stage and terminate the last (about 1 month). However, many phenotypes have increased flexibility in their life cycles by overlapping some life history stages (i.e., with overlapping mature capability of two or perhaps even more stages). Another potential strategy is to dissociate some components of a life history stage so they are expressed at other times of year thus spreading out potential costs associated with that life history stage. Examples of both overlap and dissociation of life history stages are given including implications for hormonal control mechanisms.
Perioperative risk and complications of revisional bariatric surgery compared to primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Growing number of patients requires revisional bariatric surgery. This study compares perioperative course and outcomes of revisional versus primary bariatric surgery. Patients who underwent revisional bariatric surgery from Jan 1997 to Sept 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Every revisional patient with BMI >35 and age <70 was matched with a primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass control patient based on preoperative BMI, age, sex, and year of surgery. Patients’ preoperative indications, intraoperative/postoperative course, and complications were analyzed. Two hundred and fifty five patients underwent revisional bariatric surgery with resulting Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy while 1,674 patients underwent primary gastric bypass in the same time interval. Of 255 patients, 172 patients were paired with 172 primary gastric bypass patients. Revisional bariatric group had preoperative BMI 48 ± 9, age 52 ± 9 years, 93 % female, 44 % laparoscopic, 30 % diabetic, 60 % hypertensive. Primary bypass patients had preoperative BMI 49 ± 8, age 52 ± 9 years, 93 % female, 97 % laparoscopic, 49 % diabetic, 67 % hypertensive. Compared to primary bypass patients, revisional patients had significantly higher estimated blood loss (463.7 vs. 113.3 mL), longer operative time (272.5 vs. 175.5 min), greater risk for ICU stay (N = 24, 14 % vs. N = 2, 1 %), and longer hospital stay (5.6 vs. 2.5 days). There were significantly more intraoperative liver (N = 13, 8 % vs. N = 1, 1 %) and spleen (N = 18, 10 % vs. N = 0) injuries, and more enterotomies (N = 9, 5 % vs. N = 0) in the revisional group. There were also significantly more postoperative complications (N = 94, 55 % vs. N = 48, 28 %), readmissions (N = 27, 16 % vs. N = 12, 7 %), and reoperations (N = 16, 9 % vs. N = 3, 2 %) within 30 days of surgery. Mean percentage weight loss at 1 year was significantly less for revisional patients (27 vs. 37 %). There was no significant difference in 30 day mortality between the two groups (N = 6 vs. 0). Even in experienced hands, complex revisional bariatric surgery should be approached with significant caution, especially given that weight loss is less substantial.
Defects and friction in alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers

The adhesion and friction between pairs of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkylsilane chains on a silicon dioxide surface are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. We study chains with n=6, 8, 12, and 18 carbons in the backbone for both fully packed and defected monolayers. The defects are introduced by the random removal of chains from a well-ordered crystalline substrate. The adhesion force between monolayers at a given separation is found to increase monotonically with chain length and with coverage for a fixed chain length for the crystalline substrate. Friction simulations were performed at a relative shear velocity of 2 m/s at constant applied loads between 200 and 600 MPa. Stick slip motion is observed at full coverage, but disappears with the inclusion of 10% defects. We find that with the addition of random defects, the friction becomes insensitive to both chain length and defect density.
Managing Value Conflict in Public Policy

Policy issues are often characterized by conflicting values. Conventionally, students of public policy have conceptualized government's response to value conflicts as a matter of “balancing” competing goals, or striking trade-offs among values. In this paper we argue that this way of managing value conflicts represents only one possibility from a larger and more varied repertoire of strategies that draw from more complex models of practical reasoning. Policy actors do sometimes try to strike a “balance” among conflicting values, but they often avail themselves of other strategies as well: they cycle between values by emphasizing one value and then the other; they assign responsibilities for each value to different institutional structures; or they gather and consult a taxonomy of specific cases where similar conflicts arose. We argue that each of these strategies can be rational in some institutional contexts, and that conclusion challenges the view that policy values must always be treated as commensurable for rational policy choices to be made. Government responds to value conflict in ways that are more varied and changing than existing views of public policy imply.
Short‐term soft‐ and hard‐tissue changes following Class III treatment using a removable mandibular retractor: a randomized controlled trial

Structured Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of a Class III functional appliance [the removable mandibular retractor (RMR)] in the early treatment of skeletal Class III deformities. Set-up Randomized controlled trial. Setting Orthodontic Department, University of Al-Baath Dental School, Hamah, Syria. Material and Methods Sixty-seven skeletal Class III patients were recruited, distributed randomly into two groups: 1) treatment group (T) with the RMR: 33 patients (17 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 7.5 ± 1.33 years, 2) control group (C): 34 patients (15 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.58 years. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the start of treatment (T1-T) or at the start of the observation period (T1-C) and after 14.5 ± 0.1 months (both groups). Soft- and hard-tissue changes in both groups were evaluated. Results The main significant findings in the treatment group were 1) anterior morphogenetic rotation of the mandible as a result of upward and forward condylar growth; 2) significant increase in maxillary length; 3) significant increase in maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion; 4) significant decrease in mandibular dentoalveolar protrusion; 5) significant protrusion of the upper lip; 6) significant retrusion of the lower lip; and 7) significant reduction in nasolabial angle. Conclusion The RMR is an effective appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class III patients in the early mixed dentition in the short term.
Redesign of the New York State Depository System.

Abstract As the administrative agency for the State Document Program, the New York State Library oversees the distribution of state publications to libraries statewide. Until recently financial constraints, agency ignorance of or noncompliance with the law requiring deposit of publications, and a system with little flexibility for expansion hampered the library in carrying out this function. As a result, a task force was appointed to survey and evaluate the existing distribution program. A standing advisory committee implemented the task force's recommendations, which included major redesign of the depository structure and procedures. Now entering its third year, the program is proving itself as a viable and model system and is being monitored closely and improved on a continuing basis by the standing NYLA/GODORT Committee on New York State Documents in cooperation with the New York State Library.
Application of the multiple intelligences theory in quality organizations

Multiple intelligences theory contends that there are multiple “intelligences”, at least seven types of human capacities and abilities, which exist and can be found in each individual in varying degrees. This theory has made a major impact in the educational field, but it also has applications for other types of quality organizations. Businesses can use multiple intelligences theory to structure workshops and training sessions for employees which will enhance teamwork, develop human potential, and foster creativity.
An evaluation of sequencing heuristics in flow shops with multiple processors

Abstract In this paper we investigate scheduling procedures which seek to minimize the makespan in the static flow shop with multiple processors (FSMP) scheduling environment. The FSMP (or flexible flow shop) problem is characterized as the scheduling of jobs in a flow shop environment that has, at any stage, multiple copies of a processor. A previous work is discussed in which all permutations of the job indices are used in developing a first stage queuing sequence—the remaining stages are queued in a FIFO manner. The previous study shows, on a set of 653 FSMP problems with known optimal solutions, that choosing the best initial sequence with a FIFO progression produces good, often near-optimal, makespans. While FIFO scheduling is efficient, searching through all permutations is not. This study tries to answer the question posed in that work which suggests a focus on the development of a “good” initial sequence. Four previously existing pure flow shop sequencing methods are now utilized for use in FSMP application. Herein, a pure flow shop concerns the environment where every stage has exactly one processor. An analysis of these methods using the same set of 653 problems is discussed. Since two of the methods obtain an optimal makespan in at least one-third of the cases and the other two obtain optimality in 29 and 20% of the cases, this study indicates that it is desirable to utilize the pure flow shop methods in the FSMP environment.
A rational strategy for enhancing the affinity of vancomycin towards depsipeptide ligands

Glycopeptide antibiotics with enhanced affinity for model depsipeptide ligands may also exhibit enhanced efficacy against bacteria exhibiting the vanA resistance phenotype. To design modified agents with enhanced affinity for these ligands, and better understand why traditional agents have low affinity for depsipeptide ligands, free energy perturbation studies were performed on vancomycin derivatives by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The results suggest that modifications of the asparagine side chain on residue 3 of the antibiotic which enhance its hydrophobicity will enhance the affinity of glycopeptide antibiotics for depsipeptide ligands, and act synergistically with other modifications that enhance the efficacy of these agents against vanA-positive bacteria.
Stimulation of human platelet adenylate cyclase by prostaglandin D2.

Abstract Prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) stimulates the formation of cyclic AMP in human platelets measured as the incorporation of radio-activity from previously labelled intracellular nucleotides. In this action it is similar to, and more powerful than PGE 1 . Both inhibition of platelet aggregation and stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by PGD 2 and by PGE 1 are potentiated by an inhibitor of platelet phosphodiesterase. A number of minor differences in the response of platelets to PGD 2 and PGE 1 suggest the existence of at least two prostaglandin receptors influencing a single adenylate cyclase.
Growth of 2122-phase of BiCaSrCuO superconducting films by LPE process and possibility of its growth in microgravity environment

Abstract The absence of buoyancy driven thermal instabilities in space offers an ideal environment for the growth of defect-free high temperature superconducting thin films. Terrestrially processed thin film specimens as well as bulk single crystals, especially when grown by a melt method like the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), suffer computational inhomogeneities which are introduced by the thermal instabilities caused by the earth's gravitational force. This leads to the nucleation of various types of defects in the material which adversely influence its fundamental physical, chemical, structural and mechanical properties. This drastically inhibits its technological usefulness. High quality epitaxial layers of the 2122-phase of BiCaSrCu--oxide (BCSCO) having single crystalline structure have been grown by the optimization of the LPE process. The films were grown on twin free single crystals substrates of NdGaO3 from supersaturated solutions of KCl and BCSCO. Of the commonly used substrates for the growth of high-Tc films, NdGaO3 has a unique advantage of having a very small lattice mismatch, of about 0.4%, with the 2122-phase of BCSCO. The temperature regime of 850 to 830 °C is found to be the most suitable range for the formation of epitaxial layers of the 2122-phase on NdGaO3 substrates. X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM studies reveal the excellent epitaxial and single crystalline nature of the films. Compositional analysis is carried out by the Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) technique. Also, these films exhibit 100% reflectivity in the far infrared regime of 2 to 25 microns. The standard 4-point probe resistivity measurement shows the onset of superconductivity at 90 K and the zero resistance at 83 K. These LPE experiments, if conducted in the microgravity environment of space, should allow us to grow superior films of the 80 K phase of BCSCO with no or minimal defects. The results obtained on space grown samples will not only be of immense value for understanding the physical mechanisms of this unique phenomenon rather it will also help in introducing improvements in the growth technology on earth to produce high quality samples for various electronic and photonic applications.
Effects of chlordiazepoxide on novelty-induced hyperglycemia and on conditioned hyperglycemia.

Abstract Moving rats from their home cages to a different environment for a twenty minute period tended to raise plasma glucose levels (PGLs). In general, the more different the novel environment was from the housing condition, the greater the rise in PGL. Stimulus contexts that have led to conditioned hyperglycemia in previous experiments caused a larger rise in PGLs than stimulus contexts that led to conditioned hypoglycemia in previous experiments. These glycemic effects of environmental novelty did not habituate across seven exposure periods. Experiment 2 showed that chlordiazepoxide (CDP) reduced PGLs in animals transported to novel environments. Experiment 2 also showed that conditioned hyperglycemia occurred when insulin was administered in the environment that led to the highest PGLs in Experiment 1, and that conditioned hypoglycemia occurred in this same environment when the animals were regularly pretreated with CDP. Administering insulin in an environment that did not initally elicit a large rise in PGL resulted in a tendency towards conditioned hypoglycemia that was not influenced by CDP.
Methylphenidate for the treatment of depressive symptoms, including fatigue and apathy, in medically ill older adults and terminally ill adults.

Abstract Background: Depressive symptoms, fatigue, and apathy are common symptoms among medically ill older adults and patients with advanced disease, and have been associated with morbidity and mortality. Methylphenidate has been used to treat these symptoms because of its rapid effect. Despite the long history of methylphenidate use for the treatment of depressive symptoms, fatigue, and apathy, there is little definitive evidence to support its use. Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate in the treatment of depressive symptoms, fatigue, and apathy in medically ill older adults and adults receiving palliative care. Methods: English-language articles presenting systematic reviews, clinical trials, or case series describing the use of methylphenidate for the treatment of depressive symptoms, fatigue, or apathy in medically ill older adults or adults receiving palliative care were identified. The key words methylphenidate and either depressive, depression, fatigue, or apathy were used to search the Cochrane Database, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Included articles addressed depressive symptoms, fatigue, or apathy in (1) older adults (generally, age ≥65 years), particularly those with comorbid medical illness; (2) adults receiving palliative care; and (3) adults with other chronic illnesses. I excluded articles regarding treatment of depression in healthy young adults; bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and narcolepsy, chronic fatigue syndrome, and related disorders. Results: A total of 19 controlled trials of methylphenidate in medically ill older adults or patients in palliative care were identified. Unfortunately, their conflicting results, small sample sizes, and poor methodologic quality limited the ability to draw inferences regarding the efficacy of methylphenidate, although evidence of tolerability was stronger. The available evidence suggests possible effectiveness of methylphenidate for depressive symptoms, fatigue, and apathy in various medically ill populations. Conclusion: In the absence of definitive evidence of effectiveness, trials of low-dose methylphenidate in medically ill adults with depression, fatigue, or apathy, with monitoring for response and adverse effects, are appropriate.
Safety of influenza immunizations and treatment during pregnancy: the Vaccines and Medications in Pregnancy Surveillance System

The Vaccines and Medications in Pregnancy Surveillance System (VAMPSS) has been designed to assess systematically the safety of vaccines and medications during pregnancy and is suited ideally to evaluate the gestational safety of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine and influenza antivirals. VAMPSS is coordinated by the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology and includes 2 complimentary data collection arms (prospective cohort and case-control surveillance) and a standing independent advisory committee. Both data collection arms obtain information directly from the mother, which facilitates accurate capture of exposures and potential confounders. The full range of perinatal outcomes, which includes specific birth defects, is assessed. Information that is obtained from VAMPSS should allow enhanced prevention and improved treatment of influenza during pregnancy by the identification of any exposures that might be associated with important risks and the provision of reassurance for exposures that are found to be relatively safe.
Acoustic quality factor of titanium from 50 mK to 300 K

Abstract The amplitude-independent mechanical quality factor Q of grade 1 commercially pure polycrystalline titanium has been measured in the temperature range from 50 mK to 300 K. Data were obtained from a torsional mode of a mechanical resonator at about 1 kHz. Maximum Q s of 2–3 million were observed below 30 K in thermally stress-relieved material. A recrystallizing anneal led to reduced Q s. High-resolution frequency measurements gave the temperature dependence of the dynamic shear modulus. From 2 to 35 K, the modulus is shown to correspond to a superposition of electron-gas and phonon contributions. From 50 mK to 2 K, anomalies in both Q and the shear modulus do not exhibit the temperature dependence expected for superconductivity. This study is part of the continuing work in this laboratory on acoustic losses in high- Q materials at low temperatures, of particular interest for the construction of sensitive detectors of gravitational radiation.
Cognitive function, social integration and mortality in a U.S. national cohort study of older adults.

Prior research suggests an interaction between social networks and Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive function, all predictors of survival in the elderly. We test the hypotheses that both social integration and cognitive function are independently associated with subsequent mortality and there is an interaction between social integration and cognitive function as related to mortality in a national cohort of older persons. Data were analyzed from a longitudinal follow-up study of 5,908 American men and women aged 60 years and over examined in 1988–1994 followed an average 8.5 yr. Measurements at baseline included self-reported social integration, socio-demographics, health, body mass index, C-reactive protein and a short index of cognitive function (SICF). Death during follow-up occurred in 2,431. In bivariate analyses indicators of greater social integration were associated with higher cognitive function. Among persons with SICF score of 17, 22% died compared to 54% of those with SICF score of 0–11 (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for confounding by baseline socio-demographics and health status, the hazards ratio (HR) (95% confidence limits) for low SICF score was 1.43 (1.13–1.80, p < 0.001). After controlling for health behaviors, blood pressure and body mass, C-reactive protein and social integration, the HR was 1.36 (1.06–1.76, p = 0.02). Further low compared to high social integration was also independently associated with increased risk of mortality: HR 1.24 (1.02–1.52, p = 0.02). In a cohort of older Americans, analyses demonstrated a higher risk of death independent of confounders among those with low cognitive function and low social integration with no significant interaction between them.
Rate constants for the reaction of atomic chlorine with dimethyl peroxide from 220 to 330 K

Abstract Absolute rate constants tor the reaction of Cl + CH3OOCH3 have been measured (220–330 K) bv flash photolysis-resonance fluorestence (FP-RF). The results may be described in terms of expressions which indicate a slight negative temperature dependence, however, a simple temperature-independent average of the results is also adequate k = (1.20 ± 0.26) × 10−1 cm−3 molecule−1 s−1.
Consistency of Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides Standards at Tropospherically Relevant Mixing Ratios

Abstract The absolute accuracy and long‐term precision of atmospheric measurements hinge on the quality of the instrumentation and calibration standards. To assess the consistency of the ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) standards maintained at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), these standards were compared through the gas‐phase titration of O3 with nitric oxide (NO). NO and O3 were monitored using chemiluminescence and UV absorption, respectively. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was monitored directly by laser‐induced fluorescence and indirectly by catalytic conversion to NO, followed by chemiluminescence. The observed equivalent loss of both NO and O3 and the formation of NO2 in these experiments was within 1% on average over the range of 40–200 nmol mol−1 of NO in excess O3, indicating that these instruments, when calibrated with the NIST O3 and NO standards and the NO2 permeation calibration system, are consistent to within 1% at tropospherically relevant mixing ratios of O3. Experi...
Metabolic mapping of the time-dependent effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration in the rat.

Rationale: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has a long duration of action. Studies have shown that effects on some behavioral endpoints can persist for as long as 24 h after exposure, but the neural substrates underlying these long-lasting effects have not yet been determined. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to identify the neuroanatomical substrates associated with the temporal course of the effects of the acute administration of moderate to high doses of THC using the quantitative autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (2DG) method. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4–5 per group) were administered THC (0.0, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), and the 2DG procedure was initiated 15 min, 6 h, or 24 h after treatment. To establish the behavioral profile of THC administration, locomotor activity and core body temperature were measured at corresponding time points. Results: The administration of THC produced widespread dose-dependent reductions in rates of cerebral metabolism when the 2DG method was applied 15 min after treatment. A more limited set of structures was affected when the 2DG method was applied 6 h after THC administration, closely paralleling the effects of THC on locomotor activity and core body temperature. However, 24 h after administration, glucose utilization remained depressed within mesolimbic and amygdalar regions. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the functional consequences of acute administration of THC follow a distinct temporal course that is regionally specific. That functional activity remains depressed in areas involved in the processing of motivational and emotional information suggests that behaviors subserved by these structures (e.g. anxiety, stress, and reward) may remain altered for as long as 24 h after a single exposure to THC.