cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Fiber Type on Fiberweb Properties in High-Speed Carding:

The performance of four different fiber types processed at two different carding speeds of 85 and 120 m/min, under fixed operating conditions, was assessed. The totally novel approach of fixing the fiber diameter was used in the experiments. To serve this purpose, we designed four different fibers. In addition, we fixed the number of fibers per unit area of the carded web so as to create constant carding conditions for all experimental fibers. The fixed number of fibers per unit area was achieved by carding the same number of fibers per unit time for a given speed. We took samples from different parts of the card and analyzed them in order to enumerate the effect of fiber type on cardability. Fiberweb uniformity was regarded as a key parameter for assessing the cardability. Several other web and fiber parameters were measured in order to augment the understanding of the role of fiber type in high-speed carding. In general, data revealed that fiberweb uniformity did not significantly differ among fiber types at the two carding speeds 85 m/min and 120 m/min.
Supporting lifelong learning and competency development.

136 CRITICALCARENURSE Vol 23, No. 2, APRIL 2003 “In Our Unit” highlights unique practices, innovations, research, or resourceful solutions to commonly encountered problems in critical care areas and settings where critically ill patients are cared for. If you have an idea for an upcoming “In Our Unit, ” send it to CRITICAL CARE NURSE, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656; fax, (949) 362-2049; e-mail, ccn@aacn.org. The patients in the critical care unit at West Suburban Hospital, Oak Park, Ill, have complex needs, which require their nurses to have a high level of knowledge and skill. To support the lifelong learning necessary for critical care nurses to meet the complex needs of these critically ill patients, we developed a “topic-of-the-month” strategy. Because the pressures of our faced-paced healthcare environment are compounded by the multiple demands of trying to juggle home life and work, we sought ways to incorporate our professional learning needs into our daily work routines. The idea of using a topic for each month came from one of the staff RNs, who saw value in it being a team effort so that everyone felt some ownership to keep the program going. Everyone recognized that the approach could be an effective mechanism to support development of nursing competencies. We identify topics in advance so that we can plan activities around the particular area of interest throughout each month. A typical month includes a bulletin board display related to some aspect of a particular topic, an issue of the Critical Care Educator Newsletter highlighting what is new in relation to the topic and various multidisciplinary inservices, as well as updates by various drug or product representatives and videos that staff can view at work or take home. Supporting Lifelong Learning and Competency Development
Simulation-Based Training to Enhance Patient Safety in Pediatric Cardiovascular Care

Pediatric cardiovascular care is delivered within clinical microsystems (operating room, catheterization laboratory, intensive care unit) characterized by complex teams and environments, high technical and cognitive demands, and need for frequent handovers. These features, also present in other high risk industries such as aviation and nuclear power, increase susceptibility to adverse events related to human error. In acute care areas of medicine broadly, and increasingly in pediatric cardiovascular care, simulation has emerged as an important tool to train individuals and teams in a structured environment far from patient harm to accelerate acquisition of technical skills, identify systems hazards, and reduce the risk of error due to human factors. Such simulation-based training programs are maximally effective when they are developed and delivered using rigorous, structured processes based on the principles of adult learning theory. Fundamental components of this process include formal needs assessment, development of scenarios that address specific learning objectives appropriately targeted to the level of the learner, and structured debriefing to aid learners in processing the simulation event. Recent innovations in simulation technology, such as development of high fidelity infant and pediatric-specific task trainers, are expanding the role of simulation in pediatric cardiovascular care.
The Truth About False Confessions and Advocacy Scholarship

In 1998 Richard A. Leo and Richard J. Ofshe published a study of false confession cases entitled, The Consequences of False Confessions: Deprivations of Liberty and Miscarriages of Justice in the Age of Psychological Interrogation, which drew a response from Paul Cassell (1999), The Guilty and the Innocent: An Examination of Alleged Cases of Wrongful Conviction from False Confessions. In this article, the authors demonstrate that Cassells article misreports the research and analysis contained in Leo and Ofshes 1998 article, and that Cassells attempt to challenge Leo and Ofshes classifications of nine out of sixty false confessions is erroneous because Cassell excludes or presents an incomplete picture of important facts in his case summaries, selectively ignores enormous inconsistencies, implausibilities and/or contradictions in the prosecutions cases, and fails to acknowledge the existence of substantial exculpatory, if not dispositive, evidence. To illustrate the problems and biases in Cassells commentary, this article discusses at length one of Cassells challenges, the Barry Lee Fairchild case, in the main body of the article and in a detailed appendix analyzes the eight other cases (Joseph Giarratano, Paul Ingram, Richard Lapointe, Jessie Misskelley, Bradley Page, James Harry Reyos, Linda Stangel, and Martin Tankleff). Leo and Ofshe provide a point by point refutation of Cassells assertions in all nine cases, demonstrating that all nine individuals were, as originally classified, almost certainly innocent of the crimes to which they had confessed.
Phase I trial of temsirolimus (TEM) plus sorafenib (SOR) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pharmacokinetic (PK) and biomarker correlates.

4102 Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors added to SOR augment antitumor effect in HCC models. We developed a phase 1 trial to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended...
A Woman With Right Hand and Leg Discoordination.

A45-year-oldwomanwithnomedicalhistorypresentedwith intermittentepisodesof right handand legdiscoordination andparesthesia of increasing frequency2weeksprior topresentation. Shedeniedanyantecedent traumaorneckmanipulation. Shehadnoknownhistory of renal dysfunction or poorly controlled hypertension andwas a lifelong nonsmoker. Shewas seen in theemergencydepartment andunderwentbrainmagnetic resonance imaging,whichdemonstratedpatchyenhancement in the leftbasalgangliaand coronaradiataconcerning fordemyelinating lesions.She was admitted and underwent further workup. Pertinent laboratory results included Creactive protein level of 0.01 mg/L (to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 9.524), erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 6mm/h (to convert tomillimeters per hour,multiply by 1), and normal cholesterol panel. She underwent an extensive imaging workup consisting of bilateral carotid duplex, computed tomographic neck angiography (Figure 1A) and cerebral arteriogram (Figure 1B). Quiz at jamasurgery.com Computed tomographic arteriogram A Cerebral arteriogram B
An explicit consideration of desolvation is critical to binding free energy calculations of charged molecules at ionic surfaces

Identifying factors that control the strength and specificity of interactions between peptides and nanoparticles is essential for understanding the potential beneficial and deleterious effects of nanoparticles on biological systems. Computer simulations are valuable in this context, although the reliability of such calculations depends on the force field and sampling algorithm, as well as how the binding constant and binding free energy are defined; the latter must be carefully defined with a clear connection to microscopic models based on statistical mechanics. Using the example of formate binding to the rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) (110) surface, we demonstrate that a reliable description of the binding process requires an explicit consideration of changes in the solvation state of the binding site. Specifically, we carry out metadynamics simulations in which the solvent coordination number of the binding site, s, is introduced as a collective variable in addition to the vertical distance of the adsor...
Chronotropic action of glucagon on the sinus node.

SummaryGlucagon injected into the can-nulated sinus node artery of dogs produces a positive chronotropic effect. This effect appears due in part to local release of nodal norepinephrine and in part to a direct action by glucagon on the sinus node.
VARIATION IN AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF THE STOMATOPOD, HAPTOSQUILLA GLYPTOCERCUS.

BREDER, C. M., AND D. E. ROSEN. 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York. 941 pp. FEDUCCIA, A., AND B. H. SLAUGHTER. 1974. Sexual dimorphism in skates (Rajidae) and its possible role in differential niche utilization. Evolution 28:164-168. HOLDEN, M. J., AND R. N. TUCKER. 1974. The food of Raja clavata Linnaeus 1758, Raja montagui Fowler 1910, Raja naevus Muller and Henle 1841, and Raja brachyura Lafont 1873 in British water. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 35:189-193. HULLEY, P. A. 1972. The origin, interrelationships and distribution of southern African Rajidae (Chondrichthes, Batoidei). Ann. South African Mus. 60:1-103. MCEACHRAN, T. D., D. F. BOESCH. AND T. A. MusicK. (In press). Food division within two sympatric species pairs of skates (Pisces: Rajidae). Mar. Biol. McEAC1RAN, J. D., AND J. A. MusicK. 1973. Characters for distinguishing between immature specimens of the sibling species, Raja erinacea and Raja ocellata (Pisces: Rajidae). Copeia, 1973:238-250. McEACHRAN, J. D., AND J. A. MusicK. 1975. Distribution and relative abundance of seven species of skates (Pisces:Rajidae) which occur between Nova Scotia and Cape Hatteras. Fish. Bull. 73:110-136. RADINSKY, L. 1961. Tooth histology as a taxonomic criterion for cartilaginous fishes. J. Morph. 109: 73-92. WHITTAKER, R. H. 1967. Gradient analysis of vegetation. Biol. Rev. 42:207-264.
Hyaluronan in prenodal lymph from skin: changes with lymph flow.

Hyaluronan, an important structural component of the interstitial matrix in skin, is found in lymph to be subsequently degraded in lymph nodes and liver. Hyaluronan concentration and flux were meas...
BUILDING SITE SELECTION TO CONSERVE ENERGY BY OPTIMIZING TOPOCLIMATIC BENEFITS: A Possible Use for Computer-Based Data Manipulation and Mapping Systems

ABSTRACT Building construction for the past several decades has placed little emphasis on environmental site conditions. Similar building designs are located in different climatic regions. Buildings are not designed to be responsive to local climate. Mechanical heating and air conditioning systems are installed to create uniform interior conditions regardless of the exterior environment. The topoclimatic variables which characterize potential building sites have been studied for years, but seldom applied as critical design criteria. The impact of any variable on a building site's potential energy consumption when developed can be either positive or negative. The interaction of several variables may produce net impacts not predicted by individual variable impacts. Computer programs can be used to simulate the interaction of several variables. A sample of irregular terrain is divided into 2.5 acre units and analyzed using a simple microclimatic model. The land units are described along a spectrum from optimum energy conservers to maximum energy users, based on winter space heating conditions. Further research is underway on actual field measurements of topoclimatic variables. Inquiry has begun into the impact of variables in other climatic regions. Investigation of the use of remote sensing techniques to assess topoclimatic impacts is introduced.
Disorders of the Hair and Scalp in Children

A wide variety of disorders involving the scalp and hair exist that may be encountered in the pediatric and adolescent population. An approach to the differential diagnosis of many of these conditions can be considered once the patient is found to have either alopecia, scaling, or tumors of the scalp. Certainly other causes of scalp or hair disease exist but the more common disorders can be appropriately considered in this manner.
Developing an Identity on Social Media

We develop personae and identities in our everyday lives with friends and family, and in the classroom with our students. The same is true of our interactions on social media. These interactions can form an individual identity, or they can be one component of a larger constellation of identity construction that includes both online and face-to-face interactions.
Highlights and Reflections on Policy-Making in Indonesia

The theses included in this volume represent hundreds of hours in the field, involving interviews with policy actors and stakeholders, observation, and collection of documents and data. The research process, as well as the analysis of the information collected, was built on a foundation of two semesters of classroom study, interaction with colleagues and faculty, and short-term intensive fieldwork in foreign settings (Chennai and Bangkok). These studies and research experience prepared the SGPP-Indonesia Master’s students to undertake their own investigation of a policy process, under the supervision of faculty and thesis tutors. This work was the culmination of the Master’s program and the opportunity for the students to better appreciate and put into perspective what they had studied throughout the program.
Functional status of United States children supported with a left ventricular assist device at heart transplantation.

Background As survival with pediatric left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has improved, decisions regarding the optimal support strategy may depend more on quality of life and functional status (FS) rather than mortality alone. Limited data are available regarding the FS of children supported with LVADs. We sought to compare the FS of children supported with LVADs vs vasoactive infusions to inform decision making around support strategies. Methods Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data were used to identify all United States children aged between 1 and 21 years at heart transplant (HT) between 2006 and 2015 for dilated cardiomyopathy and supported with an LVAD or vasoactive infusions alone at HT. FS was measured using the 10-point Karnofsky and Lansky scale. Results Of 701 children who met the inclusion criteria, 430 (61%) were supported with vasoactive infusions, and 271 (39%) were supported with an LVAD at HT. Children in the LVAD group had higher median FS scores at HT than children in the vasoactive infusion group (6 vs 5, p p p = 0.001). Stroke was reported at HT in 3% of children in the LVAD cohort and in 1% in the vasoactive infusion cohort ( p = 0.04). Conclusions Among children with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing HT, children supported with LVADs at HT have higher FS than children supported with vasoactive infusions at HT, regardless of device type or hospitalization status. Children supported with LVADs at HT were more likely to be discharged from the hospital but had a higher prevalence of stroke at HT.
Assessing the media visibility of China’s President Xi Jinping’s first 3-year governance in The New York Times:

This study assessed the media visibility, a composite measure of attention and prominence, of China’s President Xi Jinping’s first 3-year governance in The New York Times. The assessment was based ...
Abstract P352: Prostaglandin E2 Reduces Mitochondrial Function in Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Hypertension is a leading cause of heart failure and both conditions are characterized by increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which signals through 4 receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4) to elicit diverse physiologic effects. We previously reported that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the EP4 receptor results in a phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy in male mice that is characterized by reduced ejection fraction. Subsequent gene array on left ventricles from these mice, coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) demonstrated that genes differentiating WT mice and EP4 KO mice with low ejection fraction were significantly overrepresented in mitochondrial (p=2.51x10 -28 ) and oxidative phosphorylation (p=3.16 x10 -30 ) pathways. We therefore hypothesized that PGE2 could reduce mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, we used isolated mouse cardiomyocytes (AVM) from 16-18 week old male C57Bl/6 mice and treated them with 1 μM PGE2 for various times. Mitochondrial gene expression was examined using a RT-profiler kit for mitochondrial energy metabolism, complex I activity with a spectrophotometric assay, ATP levels with a bioluminescence assay and mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 staining. Treatment of AVM with PGE2 for 4 hrs reduced expression of multiple genes from mitochondrial pathways including sub units of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein (Nduf), a component of complex I. In accord with the mRNA data, Complex I activity was reduced by 50% (p
The Media and the Mundane: Communication Across Media in Everyday Life, by Kjetil Sandvik, Anne Mette Thorhauge, and Bjarki Valtysson (Eds.): Sweden: Nordicom, 2016, 159 pp., 32,00 EUR, ISBN: 978-91-87957-38-3

The Media and the Mundane is a timely collection of theoretically grounded and empirically relevant essays on media in everyday life contexts from the users’ perspectives. Two key concepts—“cross-m...
Practicing transnational feminist recovery today

Both feminist scholarship and modernist studies have changed dramatically since the heyday of feminist literary recovery work in the 1980s and 1990s. Contemporary feminist scholarship more often ad...
Performance vs. security: Implementing an immutable database in MySQL

Maintaining transactional history is crucial to unraveling the changes any unauthorized user makes to a system, and this logging database is often a prime target for attackers. One common approach to maintaining this security is through an immutable database. There are many ways to implement such a database which maintains appropriate security requirements, each ranging in the complexity and effort required to configure. What remains constant amongst all the methods is that the database is available only to a restricted, defined set of users and that records may only be inserted and not updated or deleted to maintain a proper history. We demonstrate two of these methods in the MySQL database system and compare performance and capabilities amongst them.
The Carbon Management Institute’s Integrated CO2 Storage/EOR Strategy: the Advantages of Deploying Innovative, Multiple-Resource Development Strategies Designed to Foster Sustainability of Energy and Environmental Resources

The Powder River Basin (PRB) offers an opportunity to illustrate the advantages to Wyoming of deploying an innovative, multiple-resource development strategy designed to foster the sustainability of the state’s energy and environmental resources. Such a multiple resource development plan is based on viewing the PRB’s particular assemblage of energy/environmental resources as a synergistic system rather than a collection of disparate parts. This approach relies on synergistic relationships among resource elements in order to increase the efficiency of development, minimize environmental degradation, sustain long-term resource use, and maximize revenue to the state.
Chemical Aspects of New Superconducting Materials and Fabrication Techniques

Significant progress has been made in recent years in thermonuclear research. For continued progress leading to economically attractive fusion reactors the use of large superconducting magnets for the heating and confinement of plasmas appears to be necessary. Similarly, superconducting transmission line networks will be required for the distribution of power from large fusion reactors. For each application, the “lbest” superconducting material may exhibit different properties, but for both uses, the search for new and better superconducting materials and fabrication methods will be a continuing requirement. Theories of superconductivity are very successful in explaining properties of the superconducting state and the origin of superconducting electron pairs, but up to the present have been of no value in guiding the search for better superconducting materials. Progress has been made through the use of empirical correlations of normal state properties with superconducting transition temperatures. These includes average number of valence electrons per atom versus Tc; valence electron density versus Tc; lattice parameter or M-M distances (M = transition metal) versus Tc in special crystal structures; and variations of these approaches with attempts to include lattice vibration properties. Recent work has demonstrated that stoichiometry and ordering are most important and suggests that existing empirical correlations may not be useful in the search for new superconductors. New developments indicate that many high temperature superconductors will be f ound in complex ternary and quaternary systems.
Delayed intracranial hemorrhage in elderly anticoagulated patients sustaining a minor fall

Falls are a common cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality among the elderly in the United States. Evidence-based imaging recommendations for evaluation of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH) are not generally agreed upon. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the incidence of DICH detected by head computer tomography (CT) among an elderly population on pre-injury anticoagulant or antiplatelet (ACAP) therapy. Data from a Level 1 Trauma Center trauma registry was used to assess the incidence of DICH in an elderly population of patients (≥65 years) who sustained a minor fall while on pre-injury ACAP medications. Counts and percentages are reported. Data on 1076 elderly trauma patients were downloaded, of which 838 sustained a minor fall and 513 were found to be using a pre-injury ACAP medication. One patient (0.46%) with a DICH was identified out of 218 patients who received a routine repeat head CT. Aspirin and warfarin were the most common pre-injury ACAP medications and 19.27% (42/218) of patients were found to be using multiple ACAP medications. Universal screening protocols promote immediate-term patient safety, but do so at a great expense with respect to health expenditures and increased radiation exposure. This analysis highlights the need for an effective risk assessment tool for DICH that would reduce the burden of unnecessary screenings while still identifying life-threatening intracranial hemorrhages in affected patients.
Significant improvement in the accuracy of simulated chaotic $N$-body orbits by using smoothness

Symplectic integrators are a foundation to the study of dynamical $N$-body phenomena, at scales ranging from from planetary to cosmological. These integrators preserve the Poincare invariants of Hamiltonian dynamics. The $N$-body Hamiltonian has another, perhaps overlooked, symmetry: it is perfectly smooth for particle separations greater than $0$. Many popular symplectic integrators, such as hybrid methods or block adaptive stepping methods, do not respect this symmetry and it is perhaps unclear whether they should. We investigate the importance of this symmetry by considering hybrid integrators, whose smoothness can be tuned easily. Hybrid methods are perfectly smooth, except at a finite number of phase space points. We study chaotic planetary orbits in a test considered by Wisdom. We find that increasing smoothness, at negligible extra computational cost in particular tests, improves the Jacobi constant error of the orbits by about $5$ orders of magnitude in long-term simulations. The results from this work suggest that smoothness of the $N$-body problem is a symmetry worth preserving in simulations.
Empirical Probability of Positive Response to PEEP Changes and Mechanical Ventilation Factors Associated With Improved Oxygenation During Pediatric Ventilation.

BACKGROUND: PEEP is titrated to improve oxygenation during mechanical ventilation. It is clinically desirable to identify factors that are associated with a clinical improvement or deterioration following a PEEP change. However, these factors have not been adequately described in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the empirical probability of PEEP changes having a positive effect upon oxygenation, compliance of the respiratory system (CRS), and the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT). Further, clinical factors associated with positive response during pediatric mechanical ventilation are described. METHODS: Mechanically ventilated pediatric subjects in the ICU were eligible for inclusion in the study. During PEEP increases (PEEPincrease), a responder was defined as having an improved SpO2/FIO2 ratio; non-responders demonstrated a worsening SpO2/FIO2 ratio in the following hour. When PEEP was decreased (PEEPdecrease), a responder was anyone who maintained or increased the SpO2/FIO2 ratio; non-responders demonstrated a worsening SpO2/FIO2 ratio. Features from continuous mechanical ventilation variables were extracted, and differences between responders and non-responders were identified. RESULTS: 286 PEEP change cases were eligible for analysis in 76 subjects. For PEEPincrease cases, the empirical probability of positive response was 56%, 67%, and 54% for oxygenation, CRS, and VD/VT, respectively. The median SpO2/FIO2 increase was 13. For PEEPdecrease, the empirical probability of response was 46%, 53%, and 46% for oxygenation, CRS, and VD/VT, respectively. PEEPincrease responders had higher FIO2 requirements (70.8 vs 52.5%, P CONCLUSIONS: In children requiring mechanical ventilation, the responder rate was modest for both PEEPincrease and PEEPdecrease cases. These data suggest that PEEP titration often does not have the desired clinical effect, and predicting which patients will manifest a positive response is complex, requiring more sophisticated means of assessing individual subjects.
Irrigated agriculture and human development: a county-level analysis 1980–2010

As policy is developed to manage the declining Ogallala Aquifer, it is imperative to understand and manage the relationship between irrigated agriculture and human well-being in the High Plains region. We use a path analysis model to estimate the impact of the gallons of groundwater extracted for agricultural use and the percentage of irrigated farmland on Human Development Index scores for 234 High Plains counties between 1980 and 2010. Controlling for population, state, and the previous decade’s Human Development Index score, we find that the prevalence of irrigated agriculture on the High Plains, as measured by the percentage of farm acres irrigated and the number of gallons of groundwater extracted, has a negligible impact on county-level human development, as measured by the Human Development Index. This suggests that policymakers may employ a range of strategies for managing irrigation withdrawals from the Ogallala Aquifer without harming the well-being of area residents.
Infusing Data Science Across Disciplines

In this poster, we describe our effort to develop, pilot, and evaluate a model for infusing data literacy into undergraduate curricula across a variety of disciplines using a modular approach. Our pilot implementation achieved reasonable success in attaining student learning outcomes, enhanced engagement, and interests.
It’s the Situation and Your Disposition: A Test of Two Honesty Hypotheses:

Research has documented substantial individual differences in the proclivity for honesty or dishonesty and that personality traits meaningfully account for variations in honesty–dishonesty. Researc...
DECODING SECOND ORDER ISOMORPHISMS IN THE BRAIN: The case of colors and letters.

We introduce a new method for decoding neural data from fMRI. It is based on two assumptions, first that neural representation is distributed over networks of neurons embeded in voxel noise and second that the stimuli can be decoded as learned relations from sets of categorical stimuli. We illustrate these principles with two types of stimuli, color (wavelength) and letters (visual shape), both of which have early visual system response, but at the same time must be learned within a given function or category (color contrast, alphabet). Key to the decoding method is reducing the stimulus cross-correlation by a matched noise voxel sample by normalizing the stimulus voxel matrix thus unmasking a highly discriminative neural profile per stimulus. Projection of this new voxel space (ROI) to a smaller set of dimensions (with e.g., non-metric Multidimensional scaling), the relational information takes a unique geometric form revealing functional relationships between sets of stimuli, defined by R. Shepard, second-order isomorphisms (SOI). In the case of colors the SOI appears as a nearly equally spaced set of wavelengths arranged in a color wheel, with a gap between the purples and reds (consistent with the gap in the original Ekman9s color set). In the case of letters, a cluster space resulted from the decorrelated voxel neural profiles, which perfectly matched the phrase structure of the mnemonic used for more than 100 years to teach children the alphabet (across multiple languages), The Alphabet Song.
On the Harm Inflicted by Urban Teacher Education Programs: Learning From the Historical Trauma Experienced by Teachers of Color:

Throughout the country, urban teacher education programs ubiquitously employ the terms “diversity” and “social justice” on their websites. But—what do these terms mean and how do they influence (if...
Changes in Motor Skills, Sensory Profiles, and Cognition Drive Food Selection in Older Adults With Preclinical Dysphagia.

Purpose Self-selection and self-avoidance of certain foods is one possible indicator of preclinical (prior to any clinical intervention) dysphagia in healthy older adults. Self-selection of food ch...
Does Shared Gender Group Membership Mitigate the Effect of Implicit Bias Attributions on Accountability for Gender-Based Discrimination?

Attributing gender discrimination to implicit bias has become increasingly common. However, research suggests that when discrimination is attributed to implicit rather than explicit bias, the perpe...
Rejecting Charity: Why the IRS Denies Tax Exemption to 501(C)(3) Applicants

New charitable organizations generally must file an application for exemption (Form 1023) and await approval from the Internal Revenue Service. Unfortunately, the criteria the Internal Revenue Service uses to evaluate applications has not always been transparent. If an application is approved, the Internal Revenue Service determination letter and the application for exemption are required to be made publicly available and can be requested from the Internal Revenue Service or the organization itself. Prior to 2004, in the case of denials, neither the application nor the Internal Revenue Service’s correspondence setting forth its rationale for the denial were made publicly available. This project is the first of its kind. While others have commented on isolated denial letters, this study is the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Internal Revenue Service denial letters issued from when they first became available in 2004 through January 31, 2017. In conducting this project, I examined 603 determination letters in which the Internal Revenue Service denied exemption to an applicant seeking recognition as charitable organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. This project looks in-depth at the basis on which the Internal Revenue Service denied exemption to these applicants. To provide background for the basis of on which the Internal Revenue Service reviews exemption applications for charitable applicants, Part I of this article describes the requirements to obtain federal tax exemption as a charitable organization. In Part II of this article, I explain the methodology and the process by which I arrived at the data I present. Part III presents the data from my study and my analysis of the manner in which the Internal Revenue Service applies the five-part test for exemption in its review of the applicants who were denied exemption. The data pays particularly close attention to the evidence used by the Internal Revenue Service to support its denial of tax-exempt status. In Part IV of this article, I discuss the implications of my findings on the streamlined application process implemented by the Internal Revenue Service in July 2014. My data identifies concerns with the streamlined exemption process, and I suggest revisions that should be considered to the streamlined exemption process to make it more reliable.
Do Consumer Borrowing, Inflation, and Prime Interest Rate Increase When M1 Is Increased?

This chapter tests the effects of M1 on consumer borrowing, inflation, and interest rates. The effects on consumer borrowing of growth in M1 and endogenous M1 seem to be nil. Overall, the evidence strongly suggests increases in the M1 money supply affect inflation, but that it is the economy-driven endogenous portion of growth that affects inflation, not the FR purchases portion. M1 was found to have an effect on interest rates in Keynesian LM curve models, but not in Taylor Rule models of interest rate models, probably because in Taylor Rule models, the effects of M1 are already present though there effect on inflation.
Assessing and Predicting Feedlot Mortality and Culling Using Standard Feedlot Arrival Data

Economic losses due to mortality and out-cattle (any animal that died or was culled prior to harvest) are substantial in commercial feedlots, and the ability to estimate potential losses at arrival would be a valuable tool. Our objectives were to quantify effects of arrival risk factors on cumulative mortality and out-cattle risk and assess the resulting models' performance at predicting these risks in commercial feedlots.
Uncovering the Potential of Aesthetics and Design to Transform Everyday Life

The appreciation for aesthetics is a cultural universal (Dutton 2002), and the power of aesthetics and design in marketing is well established. Numerous research articles identify the aesthetic features and design elements of products and servicescapes that create consumer value and enhance customer experience. We know that aesthetics serves as a powerful tool that allows marketers to shape choice, engender loyalty, foster brand attachment, generate positive word of mouth, and promote greater willingness to pay premium prices. Interestingly, despite its universal appeal and potency as a marketing tool, one aspect of aesthetics that has yet to be fully appreciated is the power of aesthetics to do good for individuals and communities.
Financial constraints and financing decision in cross-border mergers & acquisitions: evidence from the U.S. retail sector

Many global retailers in mature markets employ mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as an essential strategic tool to expand into foreign markets. Given the substantial presence of financial constraints...
NACHOS, a CubeSat-based high-resolution UV-Visible hyperspectral imager for remote sensing of trace gases: system overview and science objectives

The Nano-satellite Atmospheric Chemistry Hyperspectral Observation System (NACHOS) is a high-throughput (f/2.9), high spectral resolution (~1.3 nm optical resolution, 0.6 nm sampling) Offner-design hyperspectral imager operating in the 300-500 nm spectral region. The 1.5U instrument payload (1U optical system, 0.5U electronics module) is hosted by a 1.5U LANL-designed CubeSat bus to comprise a 3U complete satellite. Spectroscopically similar to NASA’s Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), which provides wide-field global mapping of ozone and other gases at coarse spatial resolution, NACHOS fills the complementary niche of targeted measurements at much higher spatial resolution. With 350 across-track spatial pixels and a 15-degree across-track field of view, NACHOS will provide spectral imaging at roughly 0.4 km per pixel from 500 km altitude. NACHOS incorporates highly streamlined gas-retrieval algorithms for rapid onboard processing, alleviating the need to routinely downlink massive hyperspectral data cubes. We will discuss the instrument design, challenges in achieving mechanical robustness to launch vibration in such a compact instrument, the onboard calibration system, and gas-retrieval data downlink strategy. We will also discuss potential science missions, including monitoring of NO2 as an easily detected proxy for anthropogenic fossil-fuel greenhouse gases, monitoring lowlevel SO2 degassing at pre-eruptive volcanoes, H2CO from wildfires, and characterization of aerosols. The long-term vision is for a many-satellite constellation that could provide both high spatial resolution and frequent revisits for selected targets of interest. As an initial technology demonstration of this vision, the NACHOS project is currently slated to launch two CubeSats in early 2022.
Accounting for Product Impact in the Interactive Media and Services Industry

We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the interactive media and services industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates for key welfare effects of social media, including addiction, depression, connectivity, and misinformation, among other effects identified in social media literature. Our results indicate substantial differences in the impact that competitors have through their products. These differences demonstrate how impact reflects corporate strategy and informs decision-making on industry-specific areas.
Improving the Accuracy of Pixel-level Defect Classification of Electroluminescence Images

This work tackles one particular challenge encountered when applying machine learning model to automatically detect defects in electroluminescence images of PV modules. We propose a way to add an synthetic dataset generated by physics-based simulations to solve the class imbalance issue. The results show that the precision can be improved from 0.66 to 0.76, recall can be improved from 0.62 to 0.78 and f1-score can be improved from 0.64 to 0.77 when adding the simulated images to the training dataset.
Role of fluid shear stress on E-cadherin dynamics and cytoskeletal stresses

Adherens junctions (AJs) play an important role in cell-cell mechanical coupling and in maintaining tissue organization. Under chronic flow, epithelial cells adapt by strengthening cell-cell junctions in order to maintain the integrity of epithelia. How forces due to fluid flow are transmitted to E-cadherin and cause the dynamic remodeling of AJs is unclear. In this study we simultaneously measured AJ dynamics and cytoskeletal stresses and reorganization in MDCK cells under flow. The cells were co-expressed with fluorescently labelled E-cadherin and stress sensitive α-actinin FRET sensor for measurements. A fluid shear stress of 0.7dyn/cm2 for 3 hours caused an increase in expression of E-cadherin, formation of new AJs and strengthening of pre-existing AJs leading to a continuous distribution of cell-cell junctions. This increase in cell-cell junctions is correlated with the formation of strong peripheral actin ring due to cytoskeleton reorganization. The average cytoskeletal stress at adherens junctions shows multi-phase changes under flow, which closely links to the dynamic changes of AJs. These results provide the direct evidence that the shear stress induced cytoskeletal forces play an important role on cell-cell adhesions.
The future of software engineering education

Software engineering degrees and classes are sprouting up everywhere – particularly outside computer science departments. Attempts to extend Professional Engineer licensing, while wellintended, may make it impossible for those with computer science degrees to be licensed. At the same time, the proper content of software engineering education is debatable. For example, do those who will work on embedded software to control spacecraft require the same education as those who will be writing business software? Does software engineering education rightly belong within computer science departments or would it be better outside traditional CS departments? This talk will explore alternative views of the future of software engineering education and training in order to encourage discussion of these and other questions.
Bridging the Gap Between Atomistics and Structural Engineering

When Sid Yip asked me to write a commentary for this section of the handbook, I promptly reminded him that I am a co-author of a longer article in the section on mathematical methods. I told him that my article on amorphous plasticity, written with Michael Falk and Leonid Pechenik, already is more of a departure from conventional ideas than may be appropriate for a book like this one, which should serve as a reliable reference for years into the future; and I asked whether I really ought to be given yet more space for expressing my opinions. Sid insisted that I should write the commentary anyway. So here are some remarks about one of the topics of interest in this book, the search for predictive models of deformation and failure of solids, and the role of nonequilibrium physics in this effort.
Measurement Invariance in Translations of the VIA Inventory of Strengths

Abstract. The VIA Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) has been an influential contribution to the study of prosocial traits, and provided the basis for the...
Maternal variation in EPHX1, a xenobiotic metabolism gene, is associated with childhood medulloblastoma: An exploratory case-parent triad study

Common epidemiologic study designs used for evaluating germline genetic determinants of childhood medulloblastoma are often subject to population stratification bias and do not account for maternal genetic effects, a proxy for the intrauterine environment, which may be important in determining etiologic factors for this outcome. The case-parent triad design overcomes these limitations. Therefore, we conducted an exploratory study among 27 childhood medulloblastoma case-parent triads recruited from the Childhood Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Center at Texas Children's Hospital (Houston, USA) between 2003 and 2010. We assessed 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine xenobiotic detoxification genes, as deficiencies in this pathway may induce brain tumorigenesis. Log-linear modeling was used to assess the association between medulloblastoma and both the offspring (i.e., case) and maternal genotypes of each SNP. In our population, there were no offspring genotypes that were significantly associated with disease risk. However, the maternal EPHX1 rs1051740 genotype (RR = 3.26, P = .01) was associated with medulloblastoma risk. This exploratory study highlights the utility of the case-parent triad design, but these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited sample size.
Axionic Band Structure of the Cosmological Constant

We argue that theories with multiple axions generically contain a large number of vacua that can account for the smallness of the cosmological constant. In a theory with $N$ axions, the dominant instantons with charges $Q$ determine the discrete symmetry of vacua. Subleading instantons break the leading periodicity and lift the vacuum degeneracy. For generic integer charges the number of distinct vacua is given by $\sqrt{\mathrm{det}({Q}^{\ensuremath{\top}}Q)}\ensuremath{\propto}{e}^{N}$. Our construction motivates the existence of a landscape with a vast number of vacua in a large class of four-dimensional effective theories.
Limit cycle oscillations of a nonlinear piezo-magneto-elastic structure for broadband vibration energy harvesting

Vibration-based energy harvesting has been investigated by several researchers over the last decade. Typically, devices employing piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic and magnetostrictive transductions have been designed in order to convert ambient vibrations into electricity under resonance excitation. Regardless of the transduction mechanism, a primary issue in resonant energy harvesters is that the best performance of the device is limited to resonance excitation. That is, the power output is drastically reduced if the excitation frequency slightly deviates from the resonance frequency of the generator. In order to overcome this issue of the conventional cantilever configuration, a nonlinear piezomagneto- elastic energy harvester is introduced in this paper. First the electromechanical equations describing the nonlinear system are given along with theoretical simulations to demonstrate the existence of large-amplitude limit cycle oscillations (LCO) at different frequencies. In agreement with the theory, the experiments show that the transient chaotic vibrations of the generator can turn into large-amplitude LCO on a high-energy orbit, which can also be realized by applying a disturbance to the structure oscillating on a low-energy orbit around one of its foci. It is shown experimentally that the open-circuit voltage output of the piezo-magneto-elastic configuration can be three times that of the conventional piezo-elastic cantilever configuration without magnetic buckling. Therefore the device proposed here generates an order of magnitude larger power output over a range of frequencies. The magneto-elastic structure is discussed here for piezoelectric energy harvesting and it can also be utilized to design enhanced energy harvesters using electromagnetic, electrostatic and magnetostrictive transductions as well as their hybrid configurations.
Photometry and its relevance to modern technology

A brief review is given of the basic principles underlying photometry. The main limitations of the present standard photometric system are discussed and ways are indicated that might be pursued to develop improvements. Such improvements are urgently needed in modern technology. Areas of further research are proposed.
Targeting enteral endocrinal L-cells with dietary carbohydrates, by increasing the availability of miglitol in the intestinal lumen, leads to multi-fold enhancement of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in non-diabetic canines

The principle aim of this study was to design a controlled release (CR), bioadhesive formulation of miglitol (in form of pellets) which would regulate the post-prandial glucose levels via reversible inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme as well as by modulating the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway in non-diabetic canines. A multilayered pellet formulation which was both bioadhesive (because of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose polymer) and CR (because of the ethyl cellulose layer) was formulated. We report a novel finding that the CR formulation of miglitol (S3) induced a 2.2-fold elevation in the Cmax as well as the overall AUC0–24 of GLP-1 values in comparison to the non-CR (immediate release (IR) formulation). The S3 formulation also resulted in better, steady, and prolonged control of glucose levels over a time period of 7 h in comparison to the IR formulation possibly due to combination of both, prolonged inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme and enhanced plasma GLP-1 levels. The S3 formulation wa...