cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elaeagnus angustifolia Elevates Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Pools in Riparian Ecosystems

Elaeagnus angustifolia L., a nonnative N2-fixer, has established within riparian corridors of the interior western United States and is now the fourth most frequently occurring woody riparian plant in this region. We examined whether E. angustifolia alters pools and fluxes of soil inorganic N at eight sites dominated by Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni along the Rio Grande in New Mexico over 2 years. E. angustifolia contributed a small fraction of total leaf fall ( 2%) of E. angustifolia senesced leaves. Soil inorganic N concentrations and potential rates of nitrification and net N mineralization varied across sites. E. angustifolia leaf fall explained 59% of the variation in soil inorganic N concentrations across years. This relationship suggests that inputs of N-rich leaf litter from E. angustifolia may increase N availability in riparian soils. We detected no relationship between E. angustifolia leaf fall and fluxes of soil inorganic N, whereas others have measured both stimulation and inhibition of soil N cycling by E. angustifolia. Greater abundance of N2-fixing species in riparian forests may augment growth of neighboring plants or increase N export to rivers. Given these possibilities, ecosystem studies and restoration projects should further examine the potential for E. angustifolia to affect N pools and fluxes along western North American rivers.
What brown cannot do for you.

Chromogenic stains have long been used in immunodiagnostic assays, but fluorescence-based readouts could supplant them as emphasis shifts away from diagnosis to prediction by means of quantifiable results.
Social interaction and stereotypic responses to homosexuals

This work focuses on the variations in societal responses perceived by male homosexuals in different group settings of interaction and on the relationship of these responses to their social status and related behavioral characteristics. Based on the analysis of data collected from a sampling of 148 male homosexuals in and around a large midwestern city, it is concluded that (1) stereotypic responses are more likely to occur under the interactional prescripts characteristic of secondary groups due to the impersonal and almost “one-way” interaction which characterizes them and (2) lower-class homosexuals are more likely to perceive stereotypic responses because of their closer approximation to the stereotypic image of the homosexual. It is also suggested that exhibiting behavior which closely approximates the stereotype may be a manifestation of the lowerclass homosexual's desire to be clearly identified with the homosexual community and to conform to the sex role stereotypic expectations of the lower classes. Such behavior may provide for a meaningful self-definition and opportunity for upward mobility unattainable in the larger society.
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Studies of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Filled Polymers

Extrusion of filled polymers is commonly employed in diverse industries including compounding operations. The analysis of extrusion of filled polymers is complicated especially by the ubiquitous viscoplasticity and wall slip of the filled polymers. Furthermore, the role played by entrainment of air in the processor, the continuously evolving microstructure, and hence the rheological behavior of the filled polymer in the mixing volume of the extruder and the flow instabilities associated with the converging flows involving the filtration of the binder polymer present additional challenges to the analysis. Specialized techniques are also necessary to quantitatively describe the dispersive and the distributive degree of mixing of the compound. The principal tasks of this study included the collection of experimental data from twin-screw extrusion using an instrumented and industrial-scale corotating extruder in conjunction with a well-characterized filled polymer, which exhibits viscoplasticity and wall slip. The process allowed the adequate mixing of the ingredients and the removal of its air content. Next, the processing data were compared with the results of numerical simulation using the Finite Element Method. The predictions compared favorably with the experimental temperature and pressure distributions obtained under different sets of operating conditions. The distributive degree of mixing (spatial homogeneity) of the filled polymer upon exit from the die was also characterized employing a wide angle X-ray diffraction technique in spite of the amorphous nature of both the filler and the binder polymer, i.e., hollow glass spheres and poly(dimethyl siloxane) polymer.
Cimetidine Decreases Nitric Oxide Production In Isolated Neonatal Pig Lungs. 1599

We have previously found that H2-receptor blockade in newborn lungs causes an increase in baseline normoxic pulmonary arterial pressure. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. We tested the hypothesis that H2-receptor blockade causes a decrease in NO production in newborn piglet lungs under normoxic conditions. Lungs from newborn piglets were isolated and perfused with a Krebs-Ringers bicarbonate buffer solution containing 5% dextran (100 ml/kg/min). After a stabilization period, cimetidine (0.007 to 7.0 mM) was added to the perfusate. Exhaled NO was measured by a chemiluminescence analyzer during constant tidal ventilation with a normoxic gas mixture. The graph shows that cimetidine caused a decrease in exhaled NO (eNO) expressed as a percent change from baseline. This suggests that cimetidine decreased NO production in these lungs. Therefore in neonatal conditions associated with pulmonary hypertension, concomitant usage of H2-antagonists may exacerbate already elevated pulmonary arterial pressures.Figure
Lower extremity power training in elderly subjects with mobility limitations: a randomized controlled trial.

Background and aims: This study investigated whether high-velocity high-power training (POW) improved lower extremity muscle power and quality in functionally-limited elders greater than traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training (STR). Methods: Fifty-seven community-dwelling older adults aged 74.2±7 (range 65–94 yrs), Short Physical Performance Battery score 7.7±1.4, were randomized to either POW (n=23) (12 females), STR (n=22) (13 females) or a control group of lower extremity stretching (CON) (n=12) (6 females). Training was performed three times per week for 12 weeks and subjects completed three sets of double leg press and knee extension exercises at 70% of the one repetition maximum (1RM). Outcome measures included 1RM strength and peak power (PP). Total leg lean mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate specific strength and specific PP. Results: During training, power output was consistently higher in POW compared to STR for knee extension (∼2.3-fold) and leg press (∼2.8-fold) exercises (p<0.01). Despite this, PP and specific PP of the knee extensors increased similarly from baseline in POW and STR compared to CON (p<0.01), and no significant time-group interaction occurred for PP of the leg extensors. However, gains in leg press specific PP were significantly greater in POW compared to both STR and CON (p<0.05). Total leg lean mass did not change within any group. Conclusions: A short-term intervention of high-velocity power training and traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training yielded similar increases of lower extremity power in the mobility-impaired elderly. Neuromuscular adaptations to power training, rather than skeletal muscle hypertrophy, may have facilitated the improvements in muscle quality. Additional studies are warranted to test the efficacy of power training in older individuals with compromised physical functioning.
A Pilgrimage to the Heart

The wager of this Introduction is that imagination serves as a special agent of inter-religious hospitality. It suggests that a spiritual imaginary operating at the level of metaphor, narrative, symbol and epiphany can traverse the closed borders of dogma and ideology and open genuine conversations between wisdom traditions. The editor charts a 'pilgrimage of the heart' from an international meeting in Bangalore in June 2008 through a series of visits to inter-religious ashrams in western India to a final encounter in the Buddhist-Hindu caves of Ajanta and Ellora. Following in the footsteps of such pioneers of Christian-Hindu dialogue as Abhishiktananda, Francis Acharya and Sara Grant, the itinerary mapped in this Introduction seeks to illustrate key features of the five wisdom traditions discussed in this volume. The paradox of immanent transcendence lies at the heart of this journey.
A Novel Free-Rider Detection Scheme for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel free-rider detection scheme for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. In our proposed scheme, various characteristics extracted from different layers in the TCP/IP stack are exploited to detect a free-rider. Specifically, these characteristics are combined and applied to a simple but powerful probabilistic-based classifier. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first to target the detection of a ``mercurial'' free-rider. In addition, it does not require additional hardware support or changes to the current IEEE 802.11 standards so as to implement our proposed scheme. A comprehensive evaluation study is conducted to examine the performance of our proposed scheme. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to effectively detect mercurial free-riders under different network settings.
Counting renal corpuscles in tissue sections.

Two stereologic methods of counting renal corpuscles in tissue sections were evaluated. Weibel’s stereologic method was found to be an accurate and efficient means of determining the number of corpuscles in normal and diseased kidneys. Weibel’s method was preferred over the stereologic method of Elias and Hennig because the former is independent of tissue section thickness and is sensitive to variation in corpuscular size. A modification of Weibel’s method eliminated the need for an additional point-counting procedure to determine the volumetric fraction of corpuscles in a kidney. The modification made use of previously completed measurements to calculate the area fraction of corpuscles and then substituted this value for the volumetric fraction of renal corpuscles.
Contributions of the Legion Condor to the Wehrmacht's surgical care during WW2

Abstract Between summer 1936 and spring 1939, more than 14,000 German military personnel participated in the Spanish Civil War, and were known as the Legion Condor. This group included thousands of Luftwaffe airmen and a medical battalion with a field hospital. Wounded were flown back to Germany aboard Ju 52 ambulance planes. The Legion's major medical contribution was the creation of a superb service of air evacuation to fly seriously injured soldiers over long distances at high altitude. This service was developed by the Luftwaffe's young and dynamic medical officers, who had a good knowledge of the U.S. literature on aviation medicine.
Hybrid life cycle assessment for asphalt mixtures with high RAP content

Abstract With the pavement industry adopting sustainable practices to align itself with the global notion of habitable environments, there has been growing use of life-cycle assessment (LCA). A hybrid LCA was used to analyze the environmental footprint of using a reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content in asphalt binder mixtures. The analysis took into consideration the material, construction, and maintenance and rehabilitation phases of the pavement life cycle. The results showed significant reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with an increase in RAP content. The contribution of the construction phase to the GHGs and energy consumption throughout pavement life cycle is minimal. Feedstock energy, though not consequential when comparing asphalt mixtures only, has a significant impact on total energy. Based on LCA analysis performed for various performance scenarios, breakeven performance levels were identified for mixtures with RAP. The study highlighted the importance of achieving equivalent field performance for mixtures with RAP and virgin mixtures.
ERCP for Gallstone Pancreatitis

A 74-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with acute gallstone pancreatitis without evidence of coexisting ascending cholangitis or biliary obstruction. Conservative treatment is recommended, with the option of removing the obstructing stone if his condition worsens.
Interactions of two rigid spheres translating collinearly in creeping flow in a Bingham material

The interactions of two identical rigid spheres of radius R translating in a Bingham material in creeping flow along their line of centers are calculated at various sphere separations using the finite element method. The yield surfaces are determined by an extrapolation using a regularized constitutive model. Two spheres falling in a line interact at separations greater than that corresponding to the superposition of yield surfaces for isolated spheres falling in an unbounded medium. Three distinct regimes are identified: for L/R>5.5, the spheres move in separate yield envelopes; for 4<L/R<5.5, the spheres fall in a single coalesced envelope in which at least part of the region between the spheres is yielded; for L/R<4 the spheres fall in a coalesced envelope and are connected by an unyielded plug. Drag reduction of up to 30% relative to the single-sphere case is observed as the sphere separation is decreased. The yield surfaces for two approaching spheres show a shorter range of interaction compared to the case of two falling spheres; a very slight drag reduction relative to the single-sphere case is observed for two approaching spheres.
Behavior Therapy for Tics via Videoconference Delivery: An Initial Pilot Test in Children

Abstract Habit reversal training (HRT) has been proven effective for reducing tics in children with Tourette's syndrome (TS). However, the availability of the intervention is limited. Videoconference technology represents a promising mode through which HRT may be disseminated to underserved areas. Using a multiple-baseline across participants design, the current study tested the effectiveness of videoconference-delivered HRT for 3 children with TS. Similar to results from randomized controlled trials studying face-to-face delivered HRT, videoconference-delivered HRT was effective for reducing tics. All three children demonstrated significant tic reduction following videoconference HRT delivery. All participants and their families rated the delivery modality as acceptable and the therapeutic relationship as strong. These results suggest that videoconference delivery may be a promising method for disseminating behavior therapy for tics.
Are people really more patient than other animals? Evidence from human discounting of real liquid rewards

In previous studies, researchers have found that humans discount delayed rewards orders of magnitude less steeply than do other animals. Humans also discount smaller delayed reward amounts more steeply than larger amounts, whereas animals apparently do not. These differences between humans and animals might reflect differences in the types of rewards studied and/or the fact that animals actually had to wait for their rewards. In the present article, we report the results of three experiments in which people made choices involving liquid rewards delivered and consumed after actual delays, thereby bridging the gap between animal and human studies. Under these circumstances, humans, like animals, discounted the value of rewards delayed by seconds; however, unlike animals, they still showed an effect of reward amount. Human discounting was well described by the same hyperboloid function that has previously been shown to describe animal discounting of delayed food and water rewards, as well as human discounting of real and hypothetical monetary rewards.
The influence of social class on health status: American and British research on health inequalities.

PURPOSE: To summarize recent and past American and British studies on the relationship of social class and health status. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of the pertinent British and American literature, including References identified from bibliographies of books and recent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Published English-language studies that report original or summary data describing socioeconomic status and mortality/morbidity are emphasized. DATA SYNTHESIS: Social class, whether measured by occupation, income, or education, has a marked effect on mortality and morbidity. Use of British and American standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) shows that the gap between the advantaged upper socioeconomic classes and the disadvantaged lower classes has become wider from 1930 to 1980. Explanations for this inequality in health status by socioeconomic status point to four factors: artefact, social selection, culture/behavior, and material/structural conditions. A synthesis of existing literature suggests that material deprivation and social deprivation are the most important factors contributing to this association, although data from longitudinal studies implicate social hierarchy. CONCLUSION: The reviewed studies point to growing inequalities in health status between those of lower and those of higher socioeconomic status. Clinicians and teachers in internal medicine should incorporate this knowledge in assessing patients and adopt a perspective that takes account of socioeconomic factors in diagnostic and management decisions.
Comparative effect of long-term anticholinergic administration with glycopyrrolate and of vagotomy on parietal cell function, ultrastructure, and population.

1. Long-term oral administration of an anticholinergic, glycopyrrolate, induces a progressive inhibition of histamine-stimulated parietal cell secretion in dogs, provided the drug is given prior to histamine injection; no inhibition is evident without prehistamine glycopyrrolate. 2. Glycopyrrolate administration prior to histamine injection induces an additional inhibitory response in vagotomized dogs over and above that resulting from vagotomy alone. 3. Ultrastructural parietal cell morphologic changes develop in dogs following long-term administration of glycopyrrolate. 4. Parietal cell changes of a similar type develop in rats following long-term administration of glycopyrrolate. 5. No parietal cell derangements are found in dogs following vagotomy. 6. No changes in parietal cell population are found in dogs or rats following long-term administration of glycopyrrolate or in dogs subjected to vagotomy. 7. Long-term administration of glycopyrrolate is apparently more effective than vagotomy in inhibiting secretion.
ON THE DEFINABILITY OF THE DOUBLE JUMP IN THE COMPUTABLY ENUMERABLE SETS

We show that the double jump is definable in the computably enumerable sets. Our main result is as follows: let is the Turing degree of a set J ≥T0″}. Let such that is upward closed in . Then there is an ℒ(A) property such that if and only if there is an A where A ≡T F and . A corollary of this is that, for all n ≥ 2, the highn () computably enumerable degrees are invariant in the computably enumerable sets. Our work resolves Martin's Invariance Conjecture.
Identification of the Maximum Wind Penetration Level during Over-Frequency Disturbances

Todays power system is integrating increasingly variable and uncertain generation resources, especially wind power. As much of wind generators in the market contribute little or none to system inertia, power system is operated much closer to its dynamic security margin. To identify the maximum wind penetration of a power system following a pre-defined disturbance, the impact of increased wind penetration on post-disturbance stability is studied. In this paper, the disturbance is simulated by a short circuit that leads to the sudden disconnection of a large amount of load demand. When wind power covers a small portion of system demand, the post-disturbance frequency is not much affected by grid-connected wind generators. But when wind penetration is increased to a comparative high level, power system loses stability in the form of undamped frequency oscillation. Simulation results show that, in the occurrence of system disturbances, 60% feed-in wind penetration will make the power system loses stability. Anyway, taking into consideration of simulation accuracy, severity of disturbances and diversity of power systems, 60% must not be a precise result, it could just be used as a reference when analyzing other grids.
Influence of roughness on the efficacy of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction to characterize grinding-induced phase changes in yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP)

Zirconia-based dental prostheses undergo various grinding steps and heat treatments in preparation for dental patient use. Post-sintered grinding induces a tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation that may lead to failure. These grinding conditions were simulated on fully sintered yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ivoclar IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) using two applied loads (10 and 40 N) and different sizes of diamond grinding media (15-, 45-, and 70-μm particles). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were shown to be inadequate to analyze the monoclinic phase within the surface. Grazing incidence XRD correctly identified the presence of monoclinic phase on the ground zirconia surfaces. However, we conclude that, given the resulting ground microstructure, this technique only provides a qualitative measure for the depth profiles of the monoclinic phase for different grinding conditions. It was shown that regeneration of zirconia converts all monoclinic phase to the tetragonal phase, including conversion in specimens that were subjected to the harshest grinding conditions.
When silence is not golden: Engaging adolescents and young adults in discussions around end-of-life care choices.

Managing end-of-life care (EoL) is always emotionally taxing. Honest discussions about prognosis and EoL decision-making are often delayed due to questions about the legal competence of adolescents and young adults (AYA) to make decisions for themselves [1], providers feeling unprepared or without adequate skills to guide EoL discussions, or parental concern that discussing plans, including life support options or presenting an EoL planning document may send the message that the medical team wishes to withdraw care or that death is imminent. Data suggest that allowing AYA involvement in EoL planning can help parents and healthcare providers make informed decisions, alleviate distress, avoid decisional regret, and perhaps improve the patient’s quality of life (QoL) by respecting their values, beliefs, and preferences [2–4]. This commentary addresses recent progress in the field and focuses on how healthcare professionals can approach advance care planning (ACP) with AYA, involve their family members, and engage the entire health care team.
Patient with lichen planus and conjunctival immunopathologic features of lupus erythematosus.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of severe cicatricial conjunctivitis in a patient with lichen planus, which is known to affect the skin and mucous membranes. The conjunctival immunopathologic features were consistent with lupus erythematosus rather than with lichen planus. METHOD: Oral mucosal and skin biopsies were performed with histopathologic and immunofluorescent studies consistent with lichen planus. The patient later had a biopsy of cicatrized conjunctiva with histopathologic and immunofluorescent findings consistent with lupus erythematosus. Evaluation by rheumatology and dermatology consultants demonstrated no evidence of active systemic lupus erythematosus or discoid lupus erythematosus. RESULTS: The patient was treated with topical and systemic immunosuppressives and her disease eventually stabilized. CONCLUSION: The case demonstrates two coexisting autoimmune disease entities: lichen planus of the skin and oral mucosa and a cicatricial conjunctivitis consistent with lupus erythematosus.
ON THE HIGH ACCURACY NS-ALPHA-DECONVOLUTION TURBULENCE MODEL

We analyze the mathematical and physical properties of, and present numerical experiments for, the recently proposed NS-α-deconvolution model of fluid turbulence. This family of models has the well-known NS-α model as its zeroth-order model, and applies the Nth van Cittert deconvolution operator to the filtered terms in NS-α to create the Nth-order NS-α-deconvolution model. This model is proposed in Ref. 29, where it is shown to have consistency error O(α2N + 2). Herein we prove that the model admits unique regular solutions, is frame invariant, and improves the consistency error of NS-α from O(α2) to O(α2N + 2) while requiring (N + 1)1/2 times more (typically 1 ≤ N ≤ 5) degrees of freedom for complete resolution. Numerical experiments show that adding approximate deconvolution to NS-α significantly improves accuracy in computations.
Photodynamic therapy and detection of high-grade gliomas

The first reported use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of high-grade gliomas occurred in 1981. In the intervening years there have been relatively few clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of this therapeutic modality for the treatment of gliomas. This is due, in part, to the rarity of the disease, and the ever growing list of novel therapies that PDT must compete against. These factors make accrual of patients for clinical trials a difficult proposition. During the mid-1990s, a number of reviews were published that effectively summarized the status of PDT for the management of high-grade gliomas. The intent of the present work is to provide an update of recent developments (1996-2004) in PDT and photodynamic detection (PDD) of gliomas, in particular, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA).
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to sulphonamides: syndromes, pathogenesis and management

Sulphonamide antibiotics are a commonly used, and important, group of antibiotics in veterinary dermatology. However, many of the commonly used sulphonamides such as sulphamethoxazole, sulpha-diazine, or sulphasalazine are associated with idiosyncratic drug reactions in dogs. This paper will review the clinical syndromes, pathogenesis of sulphonamide hypersensitivity reactions and current methods for predicting these occurrences.
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and electrochemical detection of penicillins

Abstract A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method used to determine penicillins is described. A C 18 stationary phase is used in conjunction with mixed solvent systems containing acetate buffer, methanol, and acetonitrile in various proportions. An isocratic separation is illustrated, but usage of a gradient program varying the composition of the organic modifier gives better performance. Detection is accomplished using pulsed amperometric detection to indirectly monitor the penicillins. The detection limit for ampicillin is 4 · 10 −7 M .
Effects of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) on Chlorpromazine‐Induced Serum Prolactin Rise in Male Rats

To investigate if vitamin B6 inhibits prolactin release and to compare this effect to that of bromocriptine, a known suppressor of prolactin release, a study was conducted in male rats. Animals were pretreated with pyridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxal hydrochloride, saline, or bromocriptine 30 min prior to receiving varying doses of chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Blood samples were obtained 90 min later and analyzed for serum prolactin by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Another study involved pyridoxal hydrochloride and saline pretreatments 30 min prior to doses of chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Blood samples collected 60 min later were also analyzed for serum prolactin. Pyridoxine hydrochloride significantly suppressed the chlorpromazine-induced prolactin rise (p less than 0.01). However, the suppression was significantly less than that produced by bromocriptine (p less than 0.01). Pyridoxal hydrochloride, another natural form of vitamin B6, failed to suppress prolactin under the conditions of both studies. This investigation may lend support to the concept that pyridoxine hydrochloride partially inhibits prolactin by a mechanism not involving dopamine.
Proteins Required for Lipopolysaccharide Assembly in Escherichia coli Form a Transenvelope Complex

The viability of Gram-negative organisms is dependent on the proper placement of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet of its outer membrane. LPS is synthesized inside the cell and transported to the surface by seven essential lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) proteins. How these proteins cooperate to transport LPS is unknown. We show that these Lpt proteins can be found in a membrane fraction that contains inner and outer membranes and that they copurify. This constitutes the first evidence that the Lpt proteins form a transenvelope complex. We suggest that this protein bridge provides a route for LPS transport across the cell envelope.
Epidemiology and Natural History of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition in many parts of the world. This article describes the epidemiology and natural history of this disorder. It also describes current diagnostic and treatment methods and describes future implications NAFLD may have.
Reconstruction of hominid phylogeny: A testable framework based on cladistic analysis

The cladistic method of systematic analysis is applied to the taxa of Hominidae (s.l.), from Dryopithecus to Homo, Pan and Pongo. This method is based on determination of shared derived character states among all taxa studied, and only this kind of similarity links taxa into subgroups. Each branching point is characterized by its reconstructed morphotype or list of deduced characters common to it and (at least some of) its descendants. Ancestor-descendant relationships are not sought but concentration is on hypotheses as to relative recency of common ancestry. Morphologically, Dryopithecus is found to be conservative, Gigantopithecus widely divergent and Ramapithecus linked with later men. Australopithecus africanus is also conservative but potentially linked to Homo, while A. robustus is divergent.
Angular distributions in multifragmentation

Angular distributions are reported for $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ and $^{127}\mathrm{Xe}$ from 381-GeV $^{28}\mathrm{Si}+\text{Au}$ interactions and for products between $^{24}\mathrm{Na}$ and $^{149}\mathrm{Gd}$ from 28-GeV $^{1}\mathrm{H}+\text{Au}$. Sideward peaking and forward deficits for multifragmentation products are significantly enhanced for heavy ions compared with protons. Projectile kinetic energy does not appear to be a satisfactory scaling variable. The data are discussed in terms of a kinetic-focusing model in which sideward peaking is due to transverse motion of the excited product from the initial projectile-target interaction.
Zhao Dan: spectrality of martyrdom and stardom

AbstractThere is an uncanny link between martyrdom and stardom in Zhao Dan's film career. In real life he was twice incarcerated for multiple years, and on screen he appeared often as suffering martyrs. His stardom, based on ‘I play myself’ after Crossroads/Shizi jietou (1937), acquired an eerie dimension of spectrality as his self-performance was attuned to a ghostly mechanism engineered by precarious history more than individual subjectivity. Through Zhao's fated star performance of self as others, this study investigates spectrality as an irrational logic that integrated martyrdom and stardom in socialist China.
Optical oscillator strengths for the oxygen isoelectronic sequence

An analytic atomic independent particle model potential adjusted to experimental single-particle energy levels is used to generate wavefunctions for the valence and excited states of 0, F+1, Ne+2, Na+3, Mg+4 and Al+5. Using these wavefunctions in conjunction with the Born approximation and the LS-coupling scheme, we calculate optical oscillator strengths for excitations from the 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4(3 P 2) ground state. Good agreement is obtained with experimental data. Systematic trends along the isoelectronic sequence are discussed.
Endocervical adenocarcinomas with prominent endometrial or endomyometrial involvement simulating primary endometrial carcinomas: utility of HPV DNA detection and immunohistochemical expression of p16 and hormone receptors to confirm the cervical origin of the corpus tumor.

Determining the primary site of a uterine adenocarcinoma can be problematic in hysterectomy specimens due to the overlapping morphology of endocervical adenocarcinomas and endometrial carcinomas, particularly when both the corpus (usually lower uterine segment) and endocervix are involved and precursor lesions are lacking or difficult to distinguish from intramucosal spread of carcinoma from one site to the other. Both preferential extension of endocervical adenocarcinomas into the endometrium (rather than deep cervical stroma) and myometrial invasion derived from the endometrial component are rarely encountered; to our knowledge, these unusual patterns of spread have not been detailed in prior reports. Clinicopathologic features of 10 endocervical adenocarcinomas (9 pure, 1 adenosquamous) with prominent endometrial or endomyometrial involvement were evaluated. Tumors were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and by immunohistochemistry for expression of p16 and hormone receptors. Six cases had limited amounts of tumor in the cervix proper, with depths of invasion no greater than 5 mm in 4 and only adenocarcinoma in situ in 2. Four cases had cervical stromal invasion of more than 5 mm but all of these had greater amounts of horizontal extension into endometrium or endomyometrium. Four tumors extended into endometrium only and 6 had myoinvasion associated with the endometrial component. Five tumors were originally diagnosed as primary endometrial carcinoma with either cervical extension or concurrent endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ. HPV DNA was detected in both the cervical and corpus components in all tumors and all exhibited diffuse/strong p16 expression and decreased or absent expression of hormone receptors. These ancillary techniques are useful for clarifying the origin of uterine adenocarcinomas when morphologic features and tumor location are equivocal. These cases illustrate that dominant uterine corpus involvement (endometrial or endomyometrial) by primary endocervical adenocarcinoma can lead to misclassification as primary endometrial adenocarcinoma with cervical extension (Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique stage II), especially when endometrial extension of endocervical adenocarcinoma simulates complex atypical hyperplasia. A subset of misclassified endocervical adenocarcinomas may account for some HPV-positive uterine carcinomas reported as primary endometrial carcinomas.
Usage-based dhcp lease time optimization

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to dynamically allocate address space to hosts on a local area network. Despite its widespread usage, few studies exist on DHCP usage patterns, and even less is known about the importance of setting the lease time (the time that a client retains ownership over some IP address) to an appropriate value. Lease time can greatly affect the tradeoff between address space utilization and the number of both renewal messages and client session expirations. In this paper, using a DHCP trace for 5 weekdays from the Georgia Tech campus network, we present the largest known study of DHCP utilization. We also explore how various strategies for setting lease times can dramatically reduce the number of renewals and expirations without prohibitively increasing address space utilization.
Developmental cysts as a source of perianal abscesses, sinuses and fistulas

F ROM time to time patients have been observed who, from symptoms and signs, seemingIy have had an ordinary fistuIa-inano, the source of which may have been somewhat obscure. Some of these patients gave histories of recurring abscesses in the periana1 region and of persistence of a sinus after repeated incision and drainage. Many of these patients had had definitivesurgica1 treatment in an attempt to cure what, for a11 practica1 purposes, was a common fistuIa-in-ano, but the expected cure had not occurred and there was recurrence of an abscess or a draining sitius. It was then noted that these patients were finaIIy discovered to have some type of deveIopmenta1 cyst as a source of their repeated abscesses and draining sinuses. FolIowing complete egtirpation of the cyst, the site of operation healed compIeteIy. These observations presented a probIem. In a11 types of surgery, but particuIarIy in anorecta1 surgery, it is in genera1 axiomatic that the surgeon who has the first opportunity to correct a pathoIogic condition usuaIIy has the best chance of effecting a cure, providing a cure is attainabIe. From this standpoint it wouId be idea1 if these deveIopmenta1 cysts couId be recognized immediateIy as the underIying Iesion in a patient who has the symptoms and signs of what seems to be a f%tuIa-in-ano. It would foIIow that such a patient wouId be spared much discomfort, repeated operations, expense and possibIy ana incontinence. The question then arises: Is there any cIue that wiII point with certainty to such a cyst as the source of a periana1 abscess or draining sinus? If such a cIue is not avaiIabIe, is there any group of findings that would make the surgeon suspect that a deveIopmenta1 cyst is the probabIe, or even a possibIe, source of the infection? If the probIem at hand were even suspected initiaIIy and the underIying abnorMinnesota
Some Reflections on the Career of George Stocking (With asides to Eliot, Frye, Jarvie, Handler, et al.)

(1999). Some Reflections on the Career of George Stocking (With asides to Eliot, Frye, Jarvie, Handler, et al.) Journal of Victorian Culture: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 310-318.
Glutathione peroxidase activities of animal tissues

1. Selenium-dependent, selenium-independent and total glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in liver, kidney, heart, lung, intestine and stomach of a variety of animals, mostly mammals. 2. Total glutathione peroxidase activity of liver was highest in the order: hamster greater than gerbil approximately equal to rabbit greater than mouse greater than rat. Total glutathione peroxidase activity was adequate in the livers of other mammals and in the kidney, heart, lung, intestine and stomach of all mammals. 3. The total glutathione peroxidase activities in the following tissues correlated significantly: liver and kidney; heart and lung; and intestine and stomach. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities in rat tissues correlated with reported activities of copper-superoxide dismutase in the same tissues. 4. Considering the phylogenetic distribution of total glutathione peroxidase activities, the rodent limb of the phylogenetic tree has the highest activities.
ETIOLOGY OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN INSTITUTIONALIZED PATIENTS

Top of pageAbstract We studied 225, non-selected, institutionalized individuals with mental retardation (MR). Profound MR was present in 176 (78%), severe in 34 (15%), moderate in 5 and mild MR in one; in 4 young children IQ scores were not available. Ninety patients (40%) were non-ambulatory. Cerebral palsy was noted in 134 or 59% of the individuals (spastic in 116, choreoathetoid in 2 and mixed in 16), epilepsy in 120 (53%), blindness in 41 (18%) and deafness in 22 patients (10%). There were 147 males and 78 females; 197 were 19 years old or younger. The patients were classified in 5 categories: 1. Recognizable conditions of known etiology, 128 patients, (19 patients with mendelian and 9 with polygenic / multifactorial inheritance, 21 with chromosome aberrations and 79 with environmental injuries). 2. Recognizable conditions of undetermined etiology, 15 patients. 3. Presumed etiology, 28 patients. 4. Unknown conditions with MCA/MR, 7 patients. 5. Unknown conditions with MR without MCA, 47 patients. Only 18 patients (8%) had Down syndrome; combining categories 1 and 3, postnatal brain injury was found in 32 patients (14%) and perinatal brain injury in 51 (23%). Recognizable conditions were found in 142 or 62.8% of the patients.
Endocrine regulation of fetal adipose tissue metabolism in the pig: interaction of porcine growth hormone and thyroxine.

HAUSMAN, D.B., G.J. HAUSMAN, AND R.J. MARTIN. Endocrine regulation of fetal adipose tissue metabolism in the pig: interaction of porcine growth hormone and thyroxine. Obes Res. 1999;7:76–82. Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that combined treatment of thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone (GH) could normalize cellular and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue development of hypophysectomized fetal pigs. Research Methods and Procedures: On day 70 of gestation, pig fetuses were hypophysectomized by microcauterization or remained intact. Hypophysectomized fetuses remained untreated or were treated from day 90 to day 105 of gestation with T4, GH, or a combination of both hormones. Results: Body weights were unaffected by hypophysectomy or hormone treatment. De novo lipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue was increased 10-fold by hypophysectomy, consistent with our previous results. This increase was abolished by GH treatment in the hypophysectomized fetuses. In contrast, T4 treatment of the hypophysectomized fetuses resulted in a 12-fold further increase in adipose tissue lipogenesis, an effect that was negated by concomitant administration of GH. Lipolytic response to isoproterenol was decreased by hypophysectomy, unaffected by GH treatment, and restored to intact values by T4 or by T4+GH treatment in the hypophysectomized fetuses. Discussion: In contrast to T4, GH does not influence serum insulin-like growth factor-I or adipose tissue lipolysis, but decreases lipogenesis in the fetal pig. However, replacing both T4 and GH normalized hypophysectomized fetuses to a greater extent than either GH or T4 alone. Thus, any influence of thyroid hormones on stimulating adipose tissue lipogenesis in the developing fetal pig may be normally counterregulated by pituitary-derived growth hormone.
Role of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in the regulation of pulmonary vasoconstrictor function

Calcium is the major intracellular messenger that triggers smooth muscle contraction. The study of calcium-binding proteins, such as calmodulin and its downstream effectors, reveals critical regulation of smooth muscle contraction by protein kinases and phosphatases. Moreover, the small GTP-binding protein RhoA and its downstream effector protein, Rho-kinase, have been shown to play a novel role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Studies have shown that the activation of Rho-kinase is involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, restenosis, and increased vascular tone in a number of cardiovascular disorders. Because inhibitors of this pathway promote vasodilation independent of the mechanism that increases vasoconstrictor tone, it is our hypothesis that Rho-kinase is constitutively active in regulating vasoconstrictor tone in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds. Studies in the literature suggest that the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway has an important role in the pathog...
National policy options and strategies to encourage sustainable agriculture: Lessons from the 1990 farm bill

History is the greatest teacher of all. As a first step in determining policy options and strategies to encourage sustainable agriculture we should look back and evaluate the past. A review of the 1990 farm bill debate provides six important lessons to guide our future efforts in sustainable agriculture. These lessons can be spelled out this way: Representation; Exhaustion; Frustration, Organization; Retirement; and Mistakes — in sum, REFORM.
The doctor, teacher, daughter

I wanted to cry as I walked into the hospital room and saw him lying there, too weak to even smile at me, but his eyes searching my face for help, hope, answers… Two days before my mom had phoned me, fear and panic in her voice, as she told me that he couldn't walk or swallow food or water. I told her to call an ambulance, and I'd arrange to be there as soon as possible. My dad, who had just turned 90, had been slowly declining since his thoracic compression fractures the year before. On a recent visit home, a four hour drive away, I had noticed that he was moving slowly with small shuffling steps, his …
Uneven Regional Development in Interwar Britain

This study examines Great Britain's adaptation in the 1920s and 1930s to the decline in the market for its nineteenth-century exports: cotton textiles, ships, iron and steel products, and coal. Continued growth in a mature economy depends at certain points upon structural change, in this case a movement from declining to expanding industries. At such times, I contend, the developing sector tends to grow independently, rather than through transformation of existing productive structures. Growth does not occur primarily through a reallocation of capital and labor from declining to expanding industries and regions.
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Ethanol-induced Exacerbation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective To determine if medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) can block the ethanol-induced worsening of obstructive sleep apnea. Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 1 week treatment periods. Setting A university-based pulmonary sleep laboratory. Patients Fourteen patients with previously diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea not currently receiving any form of therapy for the disorder. Eight patients completed the entire protocol. Interventions Baseline overnight polysomnography was performed. On the second study night, subjects ingested 1 ml/kg body weight 50 percent ethanol prior to repeat overnight polysomnography. If sleep apnea worsened, subjects then received either MPA (20 mg by mouth, three times a day) or placebo for 7 days then underwent repeat polysomnography with the same ethanol dose. A washout period followed, then, the other drug was taken, followed again by polysomnography with antecedant ethanol ingestion. Measurements and results Apnea-hypopnea indices (AHI) increased from 9.6 ± 5.3 events/h (baseline) to 20.2 ± 16.0 events/h on the ethanol night (p=0.03). Low oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) fell to 79.2 ± 5.1 percent on the ethanol night compared to baseline, 85.0 ± 3.7 percent (p 2 , mean saturation nadir, number of desaturations between 80 and 90 percent, and the mean event desaturation when compared with the ethanol alone night. All these parameters were likewise improved when compared with placebo, although only the mean saturation nadir showed statistical significance. These findings were unchanged when also examined for the initial 3 hours of study. Conclusions In obstructive sleep apnea patients whose disease is made worse by ethanol ingestion, MPA appears to improve oxygenation during obstructive events but not to improve their number or length.
Decision tables for general-purpose scientific programming

Decision tables are shown, by example, to be a viable alternative to conventional algorithmic languages for general-purpose scientific programming.