cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Early vs. Later Responses on a Divergent Production Task across Three Time Press Conditions.

Traditional assessments of divergent production have employed standard time press conditions of three minutes for measures of fluency, flexibility, and originality. Recent studies have provided evidence that the traditional time press condition may impede both fluency and quality of responses and that differences in divergent production responses have been found under a variety of creative prompting conditions. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of three time press and three creative prompt conditions on early vs. later trial originality scores for three divergent production stimuli. The participants were 91 undergraduate students enrolled in Educational Psychology courses who were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups. The six groups were counterbalanced across the three vignette tasks in time press requirements and creative prompting. Aggregate differences were found in which there was a higher frequency of originality scores for the latter portions of trials as compared with the early portion of trials for all time press and prompting conditions.
Marketing Your Expertise: Discussion Groups Promote Self-care; Your Facility

Are you showcasing your facility's in‐house expertise to women and others in the community who are interested in learning about health management and self‐care? Providing an opportunity for dialogue and learning for women through discussion groups is a savvy marketing strategy that not only helps educate patients about health care issues, but promotes your facility and its expertise to the community at‐large.
Flux-limiting in stochastic transport

Abstract We consider generic particle transport, with radiative transfer as a special case, in a Markovian mixture of two immiscible fluids. A recently proposed model for the ensemble-averaged intensity consists of two coupled transport equations. In this paper, we develop the formalism which leads to a flux-limited diffusion approximation to this model in the form of two coupled diffusion equations. Such a flux-limiting diffusion description has proved extremely useful in the nonstochastic particle-transport setting. Numerical results are given for one-dimensional problems.
Gas Station Psychology: The Case for Specialization in Ecological Psychology

The potential value of increased specialization within ecological psychology is described, based on the model employed in the natural sciences. The basic unit of the field is the behavior setting, and the most likely unit for specialization is the genotype, which is comprised of functionally similar settings. In particular, mundane and ubiquitous settings, whose influence has been neglected by psychologists, deserve study. Specialists must develop subject-matter knowledge of their chosen genotype, including its history, technology, nomenclature, economics, and environmental context. Specialization does not preclude acquiring basic disciplinary knowledge nor the ability to teach and do research in traditional areas of psychology.
Integrating Probabilistic Extraction Models and Data Mining to Discover Relations and Patterns in Text

In order for relation extraction systems to obtain human-level performance, they must be able to incorporate relational patterns inherent in the data (for example, that one's sister is likely one's mother's daughter, or that children are likely to attend the same college as their parents). Hand-coding such knowledge can be time-consuming and inadequate. Additionally, there may exist many interesting, unknown relational patterns that both improve extraction performance and provide insight into text. We describe a probabilistic extraction model that provides mutual benefits to both "top-down" relational pattern discovery and "bottom-up" relation extraction.
The development and analysis of tutorial dialogues in AutoTutor Lite.

The goal of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) that interact in natural language is to emulate the benefits that a well-trained human tutor provides to students, by interpreting student answers and appropriately responding in order to encourage elaboration. BRCA Gist is an ITS developed using AutoTutor Lite, a Web-based version of AutoTutor. Fuzzy-trace theory theoretically motivated the development of BRCA Gist, which engages people in tutorial dialogues to teach them about genetic breast cancer risk. We describe an empirical method to create tutorial dialogues and fine-tune the calibration of BRCA Gist’s semantic processing engine without a team of computer scientists. We created five interactive dialogues centered on pedagogic questions such as “What should someone do if she receives a positive result for genetic risk of breast cancer?” This method involved an iterative refinement process of repeated testing with different texts and successively making adjustments to the tutor’s expectations and settings in order to improve performance. The goal of this method was to enable BRCA Gist to interpret and respond to answers in a manner that best facilitated learning. We developed a method to analyze the efficacy of the tutor’s dialogues. We found that BRCA Gist’s assessment of participants’ answers was highly correlated with the quality of the answers found by trained human judges using a reliable rubric. The dialogue quality between users and BRCA Gist predicted performance on a breast cancer risk knowledge test completed after exposure to the tutor. The appropriateness of BRCA Gist’s feedback also predicted the quality of answers and breast cancer risk knowledge test scores.
A conserved tyrosine residue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae leukotriene A4 hydrolase stabilizes the transition state of the peptidase activity.

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae leukotriene A 4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a bifunctional aminopeptidase/epoxide hydrolase and a member of the M1 family of metallopeptidases. In order to obtain a more thorough understanding of the aminopeptidase activity of the enzyme, two conserved tyrosine residues, Tyr244 and Tyr456, were altered to phenylalanine and the mutant proteins characterized by determining K M and k cat for various amino acid β-naphthylamide substrates. While mutation of Tyr456 exhibited minimal effect on catalysis, mutation of Tyr244 caused an overall 25–100-fold reduction in catalytic activity for all substrates tested. Furthermore, LTA4H Y244F exhibited a 40-fold decrease in affinity for RB-3014, a transition state analog inhibitor, implicating Tyr244 in transition state stabilization.
Classroom note: Superposition: new solutions from known solutions

This note contains material to be presented to students in a first course in differential equations immediately after they have completed studying first-order differential equations and their applications. The purpose of presenting this material is four-fold: to review definitions studied previously; to provide a historical context which cites the contributions of several well-known mathematicians and also highlights their relationships to and interactions with one another, to lay the ground work for superposition theorems for solutions to linear differential equations that will be proven a short time later; and to illustrate one of the major differences between the type of results one can obtain for linear differential equations versus nonlinear differential equations.
Statistical space-time-frequency characterization of MIMO shallow water acoustic channels

This paper proposes a geometry-based statistical model for multiple-input multiple-output shallow water acoustic multipath fading channels. From the reference model, the corresponding space-time-frequency correlation function is derived. Finally, the derived spatial and temporal correlations are compared with the empirically obtained channel statistics and close agreement is observed.
Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein regulates excitation energy distribution between photosystem II and photosystem I.

Abstract The kinetics of thylakoid membrane protein phosphorylation in the presence of light and adenosine triphosphate is correlated to an incease in the 77 °K fluorescence emission at 735 nm (F735) relative to that at 685 nm (F685). Analysis of detergent-derived submembrane fractions indicate phosphorylation only of the polypeptides of Photosystem II, and the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex serving Photosystem II (LHC-II). Although several polypeptides are phosphorylated, only the dephosphorylation kinetics of LHC-II follow the kinetics of the decrease of the F735 F685 fluorescence emission ratios. The relative quantum yield of Photosystem II was significantly lower in phosphorylated membranes compared to dephosphorylated membranes. Reversible LHC-II phosphorylation thus provides the physiological mechanism for the control of the distribution of absorbed excitation energy between the two photosystems.
Development of repellent strips for controlling the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

The residual activity of hinokitiol used as a repellent against the cigarette beetle was investigated. When hinokitiol was placed on filter paper at a dose of 1 mg/cm 2 , it exhibited remarkable residual activity 24 h after the treatment. However, no significant residual activity was observed after 48 h due to rapid sublimation (90% of hinokitiol disappeared 48 h). Therefore, the development of a device in the form of repellent strips designed to affect the slow release of hinokitiol was undertaken. The strips consisted of filter paper treated with hinokitiol, a polyethylene film bilayer in which the filter paper was sealed, and an aluminum sheet sandwiched between one side of the polyethylene strip and adhesive tape. Hinokitiol was slowly released from the repellent strips through the polyethylene film. The rate of hinokitiol release was inversely proportional to the thickness of the polyethylene film. Repellent strips attached around the slits of cardboard boxes containing a food-attractant lure prevented the beetles from entering the boxes. The number of beetles in the treatment boxes was less than 20% that observed in the control boxes 64 d after making the strips. The residual activity of the repellent strips was demonstrated to last up to a maximum of 92 d after they were produced.
Study of in-vessel nonaxisymmetric ELM suppression coil concepts for ITER

Large Type-I edge-localized mode (ELM) heat pulses may limit the life of divertor targets in a burning plasma. Recent experiments show that pitch-resonant nonaxisymmetric magnetic perturbations of the plasma edge of 0.0005 or less of the main magnetic field offer a useful solution, but there is little room in the presently designed ITER for even small perturbation coils. We present proposed coil requirements for ITER ELM suppression, derived primarily from DIII-D ELM suppression experiments. We show by calculated examples that large arrays of coils (e.g. four toroidal rows of nine coils each) on the outboard wall near the plasma (at the radius of the blanket-vacuum vessel interface R ~ 8 m) can meet the known requirements, expressed in terms of the toroidal helical Fourier harmonic spectrum, for both low- and high-q ITER plasmas, when coil currents are distributed to concentrate the magnetic perturbation into a single dominant Fourier spectral peak. Fields from arrays of less than four rows of nine coils (a) penetrate relatively more strongly into the core plasma, and (b) generate more and larger nonresonant spectral peaks. Both features are expected to brake desirable plasma rotation. We found that the Moire effect from approximating sinusoidal perturbations by a limited discrete coil set can be used to control nonfundamental harmonics in large arrays. We show that a judicious choice of current distribution among the coils ameliorates effects of an 80° toroidal gap where no coils are allowed in the ITER midplane.
Optical Biomarkers in Breast Cancer

This work focuses on the identification of optical biomarkers in solid tumors in the breast and early neoplastic transformations in stratified squamous epithelial tissues. Biomarkers can potentially provide early cancer identification and guide treatment decisions.
Hydrogen Bonds in Rubredoxins from Mesophilic and Hyperthermophilic Organisms

The extent and strength of the hydrogen bond networks in rubredoxins from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus (PfRd), and its mesophilic analogue Clostridium pasteurianum (CpRd), are examined and compared using NMR spectroscopy. NMR parameters examined in this study include through-hydrogen bond h3JNC‘ scalar couplings and 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shifts, as well as covalent 1JNH and 1JNC‘ scalar couplings. These parameters have allowed the characterization in solution of 12 hydrogen bonds in each protein. Despite a 83% sequence homology and a low RMSD for the backbone heavy atoms (0.648 A) in the crystalline state, subtle, but definite, changes have been identified in the detailed hydrogen-bonding patterns. CpRd shows an increased number of hydrogen bonds in the triple-stranded β-sheet and an additional hydrogen bond in the multiple-turn segment including residues 14−32. On the other hand, PfRd exhibits an overall strengthening of N−H···OC hydrogen bonds in the loops involved at the metal binding s...
Petrographic examination of coal-combustion fly ash

Abstract Fly ash is composed of inorganic and organic constituents, either neoformed in the boiler or flue gas from melting minerals of the charring or thermoplastic transitions in coal, primarily vitrinite, or inherited from the coal or auxiliary fuel. Chemical analyses alone are not sufficient to fully describe the complexity of fly ash. For example, the forms of carbons and their relationship to the inorganic fly ash constituents; the burnout of coal and non-coal carbons; and the efficiency of combustion, can all be described by petrographic studies of fly ash.
Radical nephrectomy with ivc thrombectomy (level-III) conducted on veno-veno bypass

Introduction: We report a 43 year old man who was diagnosed with a level-I thrombus and was managed on oral sunitinib for two months by a community Urologist. The thrombus progressed to a level-III and he subsequently developed a pulmonary embolus, which required oral anticoagulation. He was then referred to our facility for definitive surgical care. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a 12 by 15 centimeter right renal mass and on magnetic resonance venography of the abdomen a tumor-thrombus extending into the infradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava was noted. Pre-operatively consults with hepatobiliary, vascular, and chest surgeons were obtained. Methods: The patient’s surgery was performed by means of an open right extended subcostal incision. Prior to incision, the veno-veno access sites were obtained and an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed to rule out thrombus in the atria. The right kidney was dissected out and mobilized. The renal artery and vein were dissected, ligated and the en bloc kidney was removed. Control of the inferior vena cava (IVC) was maintained proximally and distally during thrombectomy while tissue perfusion was maintained on veno-veno bypass, no circulatory arrest was required. The estimated blood was 2300 cc; the total bypass time was 25 minutes and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 7 days. Conclusions: It is feasible to perform a radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy while on veno-veno bypass provided the appropriate multi-disciplinary team is standing by. Veno-veno bypass offers the advantage of minimizing the large hemodynamic drops attributed with suprahepatic IVC clamping. Such high-risk operations requiring skilled surgical teams must only be performed at tertiary care referral centers with extensive experience in the surgical management of such patients. Int Braz J Urol. 2010; 36 (Video #3): 120_1 Available at: www.brazjurol.com.br/videos/january_february_2010/Spiess_120_121video.htm Accepted: January 15, 2010 Correspondence address: Dr. Philippe E. Spiess Department of Urology H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center E-mail: Philippe.Spiess@moffitt.org doi: 10.1590/S1677-553820100001000035
Life shortening in BALB/c mice following brief, protracted, or fractionated exposures to neutrons

50 rad, while at 50 and 200 rad an increase in effectiveness was observed in this and in previous studies. These data were interpreted to suggest that in the dose range below 20-40 rad the doseeffect curve for life shortening may be linear and begins to flatten at higher doses rather than continuously bending at low doses.
Effect of Spanish Interpretation Method on Patient Satisfaction in an Urban Walk-in Clinic

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of Spanish interpretation method on satisfaction with care.
The Relationship of the Chicken Egg to Selected Paratyphoids

ABSTRACT SPECIES of Salmonella occur in poultry flesh (Galton et al., 1955) and are the causative agents of the paratyphoid disease4 in chickens (Darby and Stafseth, 1942; Edwards and Bruner, 1943; Edwards et al., 1948; Hinshaw et al., 1944; Jungherr and Clancy, 1939; and Schalm, 1937). They also occur in egg products (Solowey et al., 1947Solowey et al., 1948; cf. Byrne et al., 1955). The relationship between the carrier hen and the transmission of the organism to the egg product has, however, been studied only to a limited extent. Following an outbreak of disease among sailors, Watt (1945) recovered S. Montevideo from 11 of 14 shell eggs from a stock of eggs remaining aboard ship. He also recovered S. derby and S. choleraesuis during the culture of shell eggs from Iowa farms. Felsenfeld et al. (1950) recovered S. typhimurium once, and S. bareilley twice during the culture of 500 market eggs. Recoveries of . . .
Modulation of the Kinesin ATPase Cycle by Neck Linker Docking and Microtubule Binding

Kinesin motor proteins use an ATP hydrolysis cycle to perform various functions in eukaryotic cells. Many questions remain about how the kinesin mechanochemical ATPase cycle is fine-tuned for specific work outputs. In this study, we use isothermal titration calorimetry and stopped-flow fluorometry to determine and analyze the thermodynamics of the human kinesin-5 (Eg5/KSP) ATPase cycle. In the absence of microtubules, the binding interactions of kinesin-5 with both ADP product and ATP substrate involve significant enthalpic gains coupled to smaller entropic penalties. However, when the wild-type enzyme is titrated with a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog or the enzyme is mutated such that it is able to bind but not hydrolyze ATP, substrate binding is 10-fold weaker than ADP binding because of a greater entropic penalty due to the structural rearrangements of switch 1, switch 2, and loop L5 on ATP binding. We propose that these rearrangements are reversed upon ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release. In addition, experiments on a truncated kinesin-5 construct reveal that upon nucleotide binding, both the N-terminal cover strand and the neck linker interact to modulate kinesin-5 nucleotide affinity. Moreover, interactions with microtubules significantly weaken the affinity of kinesin-5 for ADP without altering the affinity of the enzyme for ATP in the absence of ATP hydrolysis. Together, these results define the energy landscape of a kinesin ATPase cycle in the absence and presence of microtubules and shed light on the role of molecular motor mechanochemistry in cellular microtubule dynamics.
Trituberculy and Polybuny

IN all the speculations on the original type of the mammalian molar, beginning from Rutimeyer (1863), we find that a simple cusp or cone is, with perfectly logical reasoning, considered to be the primitive form from which all others are derived. The error, fatal in its consequences, consisted in the fact that all the teeth possessing such a simple form, whither recent or fossil, high or low in the system, have for a long time likewise been considered to be primitive; so that the only problem remaining to be solved, seemed to be to trace back the intermediate stages between the more or less complicated molars of recent mammalia and the “simple reptilian cone.”
A Scalable Vehicular Network Architecture for Traffic Information Sharing

In this paper we investigate the scalability of communication architectures to provide traffic information services in a vehicular network based on the peer-to-peer (P2P) network technology. We study a general scenario in a metropolitan area where there are a huge number of data sources disseminating traffic data accessible to the vehicles through a multitude of roadside units. The large quantities of both data sources and customers post paramount challenges to the network scalability design. The existing work in P2P multicast, including the clustering based architecture, can only solve the scalability problem for applications with a limited number of data sources. We study the scenario that has a large number of data sources and prove that the clustering based architecture does not scale well with the traffic load at each node. Therefore, we propose a proxy based scalable architecture, in which data download traffic on each node is proved to keep constant even when the network size grows. We further verify the accuracy of the analysis using simulations.
Constructions of periodic wavelet frames using extension principles

Abstract Since the extension principles of constructing wavelet frames were presented, a lot of symmetric and compactly supported wavelet frames with high vanishing moments have been constructed. However the problem of constructing periodic wavelet frames with the help of extension principles is open. In this paper, we will construct tight periodic wavelet frames using the unitary extension principle and construct pairs of dual periodic wavelet frames using the mixed extension principle.
Age of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau, western USA

Abstract New single-crystal, laser-fusion 40 Ar 39 Ar ages on plagioclase and alkali feldspar from the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation range from 153 to 145 ( ± about 1–2) Ma or Late Jurassic in age (mostly Tithonian based upon Palmer, 1983 ). All but one of these new ages come from a section of Brushy Basin Member near Montezuma Creek, Utah, USA. The other, which is the oldest sample at 153 Ma, comes from Dinosaur National Monument, from a bentonite previously dated at 135.2 ± 5.5 Ma (K-Ar biotite age) by Bowman et al. (1986) . The new feldspar ages are essentially concordant with previously reported fission track ages from Notom, Utah, with ages ranging from 144 to 135 ( ± about 15) Ma in the lower two-thirds of the Brushy Basin Member, but contrast with fission track ages from the upper one-third (about 15 m) of the Notom section, which ranged from 123 to 99 ( ± about 13) Ma ( Kowallis & Heaton, 1987 ). However, none of the new ages comes from the upper part of the Brushy Basin Member; the uppermost sample dated from the Montezuma Creek section is more than 20 m below the top of the Morrison Formation. Precise ages from the uppermost part of the Brushy Basin Member are still needed to determine if the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary lies within the uppermost Brushy Basin Member.
Poor Women are Still Shut Out of Mainstream Psychology

Based on the limited number of abstracts accessed on PsycLit between 1984 and 1991 that included poor women, Reid (1993) concluded that such women were essentially “shut up” and “shut out” of mainstream psychological research and theory. The authors conducted a follow-up analysis for the years 1991 through 1997 to determine whether significant change had taken place. In addition, they looked at the inclusion of poor women in research in the areas of sexuality and reproductive health. Results of the analysis suggest that poor women remain marginalized in our discipline's discourse.
Association of cadmium with MnO2 particles generated during permanganate oxidation

Particle filtration and cadmium sorption studies were performed at selected time points during reaction of potassium permanganate with trichloroethylene under varied reaction matrix conditions. The purpose of the studies was to determine the potential impact of manganese oxides particle generation, a by-product of the permanganate reaction, on subsurface metal mobility, with cadmium serving as a representative metal of interest in the environment. Results of the studies indicate that the association of cadmium with the manganese oxides is a function of (1) particle concentration, (2) pH, (3) the presence of calcium in the reaction matrix, and (4) the rate of particle generation and agglomeration. Based on these findings, it is important to give careful consideration to subsurface conditions that can potentially impact the mobility of metals present naturally or as co-contaminants. If subsurface conditions are not appropriately characterized and planned for, deleterious effects could result, including long-term release of metals initially sorbed onto generated particles. Alternatively, the generated manganese oxides may serve as a long-term means of immobilizing metals within the subsurface.
Effects of Ploughing Forces and Friction Coefficient in Microscale Machining

This paper discusses the effects of ploughing and friction in microscale machining. The friction coefficient has previously been shown to be sensitive to the geometry of the abrasive particle and the depth of indentation. From a micromachining standpoint, the friction coefficient is modeled to be a function of the tool edge radius and the undeformed chip thickness, wherein the tool edge is modeled as a sliding cylinder on a flat workpiece. The contributions of ploughing force, which assumes significance in microscale machining, are better modeled using an integration approach over the edge of the tool. Two force models for the estimation of ploughing forces are compared, wherein one model uses a slip-line field analysis and the other uses a method of force balance on the deformation boundary. Basic microcutting (shaping) experimental data are presented and compared to the prediction results. The results show that a nonuniform friction coefficient improves the predictability of the force model.
On the Direct Electron Transfer, Sensing, and Enzyme Activity in the Glucose Oxidase/Carbon Nanotubes System

The signal transduction and enzyme activity were investigated in biosensors based on the glucose oxidase (GOx) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) embedded in a bioadhesive film of chitosan (CHIT). The voltammetric studies showed that, regardless of CHIT matrix, the GOx adsorbed on CNT yielding a pair of surface-confined current peaks at −0.48 V. The anodic peak did not increase in the presence of glucose in an O2-free solution indicating the lack of direct electron transfer (DET) between the enzymatically active GOx and CNT. The voltammetric peaks were due to the redox of enzyme cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which was not the part of active enzyme. The presented data suggest that DET may not be happening for any type of GOx/CNT-based sensor. The biosensor was sensitive to glucose in air-equilibrated solutions indicating the O2-mediated enzymatic oxidation of glucose. The signal transduction relied on the net drop in a biosensor current that was caused by a decrease in a 4-e– O2 reduction current and...
Real-time simplex optimization of square wave voltammetry

Abstract A simplex optimization procedure has been applied to square wave voltammetric on-line measurements; the objective function maximized is the ratio of the square wave peak current to the width at half-height.
Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in the system dolomite–water–CO2 to elevated temperatures

Abstract An experimental study was conducted to determine oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation factors in the system dolomite–water–CO2 at 80–350 and 100–250 °C, respectively, by means of direct precipitation (80 °C) and dolomitization of CaCO3 (100–350 °C). The products are protodolomite with slight Ca-excess (80–100 °C) and well-ordered stoichiometric dolomite (150–350 °C). Several experimental artifacts (inheritance, premature reactions, and kinetic effects) were tested, although attainment of isotope equilibrium cannot be proven. 18O/16O fractionation factors of (proto)dolomite–water at 80–350 °C can be readily expressed with 1σ error: 10 3 ln α dolomite – water = 3.140 ( ± 0.022 ) · 10 6 T 2 - 3.14 ( ± 0.11 ) . Our experimental study, which is generally consistent with a majority of experimental and theoretical studies in the literature, provides for the first time an accurate equation over a wide range of temperature. In combination of the calcite–water equation ( O’Neil et al., 1969 , Friedman and O’Neil, 1977 ), 18O/16O fractionation factors of (proto)dolomite–calcite at 80–350 °C can also be expressed with 1σ error: 10 3 ln α dolomite – calcite = 0.351 ( ± 0.028 ) · 10 6 T 2 - 0.25 ( ± 0.13 ) . Dolomite is slightly (0.7–2.6‰) enriched in 18O relative to calcite in this temperature range. Given the very good linearity with a 1/T2 term, the above two equations may be extrapolated beyond the temperature range. Our experimental results of 13C/12C fractionation between CO2 and dolomite at 100–250 °C also show a linear function with a 1/T2 term with a cross-over temperature of 200 °C, which differs from results of theoretical calculations.
The effects of peripheral D-amphetamine, 4-OH amphetamine, and epinephrine on maintained discharge in the locus coeruleus with reference to the modulation of learning and memory by these substances.

Abstract d -Amphetamine, 4-OH amphetamine, and epinephrine have been shown in many behavioral studies to facilitate memory when given post-training. The effect of these drugs on the maintained discharge of cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) was investigated using a route of administration (intraperitoneal) and a log-dose range of these drugs comparable to those used in the behavioral experiments. d -Amphetamine profoundly suppressed maintained discharge: an inhibitory effect was observed at every dose (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 mg/kg). In contrast, only the highest dose of 4-OH amphetamine (8.2 mg/kg) inhibited activity in the LC, and this effect was a modest one. Unlike the amphetamines, epinephrine (500 μ/kg) elevated maintained discharge. These results are discussed in the contex of the hypothesized involvement of the LC in the enhancement of memory by these drugs.
Modest magnetic moments of Ti impurities on the surface and in the bulk of K, Rb, and Cs films

Thin films of Na, K, Rb, and Cs are quench condensed, then covered with 1/100 of a monolayer of Ti and finally covered with the original host. The magnetization of the films is measured by means of the anomalous Hall effect. An anomalous Hall resistance ${R}^{\mathrm{AHE}}$ is observed for Ti on the surface of K, Rb, and Cs and for Ti inside of Cs. Essentially the ${R}^{\mathrm{AHE}}$ varies linearly with the magnetic field and is inversely proportional to the inverse temperature. A small nonlinearity of ${R}^{\mathrm{AHE}}$ suggests a Ti moment of about $1{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}.$
Eu(III) Complexes of Functionalized Octadentate 1-Hydroxypyridin-2-ones: Stability, Bioconjugation, and Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies

The synthesis, stability, and photophysical properties of several Eu(III) complexes featuring the 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one (1,2-HOPO) chelate group in tetradentate and octadentate ligands are reported. These complexes pair highly efficient emission with exceptional stabilities (pEu ∼ 20.7-21.8) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. Further analysis of their solution behavior has shown the observed luminescence intensity is significantly diminished below about pH ∼ 6 because of an apparent quenching mechanism involving protonation of the amine backbones. Nonetheless, under biologically relevant conditions, these complexes are promising candidates for applications in Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assays and synthetic methodology to prepare derivatives with either a terminal amine or a carboxylate group suitable for bioconjugation has been developed. Lastly, we have demonstrated the use of these compounds as the energy donor in a Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) biological assay format.
Mixed mode fracture analysis using new semi-circular specimens

Abstract A new semi-circular specimen is proposed by the senior author. The specimen, which is derivable from cores, consists of an edge crack cut at different angles. Three-point bending is used for loading. Modes I, II and mixed modes can be investigated depending on the inclination of the edge crack. Data derived from the proposed specimen compare favorably with published data from mode I using conventional specimens. Size effects are discussed.
Noncentrosymmetry in Mixed Metal Oxide-Fluorides, Can We Control It?

The rational design of crystal structures, in particular noncentrosymmetric materials, and how to differentiate polar, polar-chiral, and chiral structures, is an ongoing theme in crystal engineering. In KNaNbOF5, the combination of a second-order Jahn Teller active d0 transition metal oxyfluoride anionic unit and mixed K/Na cation coordination environments are shown to result in a polar structure (space group Pna21). The crystal structure analysis of the Na/K-O/F interactions reveals that the potassium cations form one of the two contacts to the under-bonded oxide ions. These interactions satisfy the expected bond valence sums and Pauling’s second crystal rule (PSCR), leading to O/F ordering and acentric packing of the [NbOF5]2− anionic unit.
An explicit expression for determining cometabolism kinetics using progress curve analysis

Abstract We present an explicit expression for describing the kinetics of cometabolic biotransformation of environmental pollutants. This expression is based on the Lambert W function and explicitly relates the substrate concentration, S , to time, t , the two experimentally measured variables. This explicit relationship simplifies kinetic parameter estimation as differential equation solution and iterative estimation of the substrate concentration are eliminated. The applicability of this new expression for nonlinear kinetic parameter estimation was first demonstrated using noise containing synthetic data where final estimates of the kinetic parameters were very close to their actual values. Subsequently 1.1.1-trichloroethane degradation data at initial concentrations of 750 and 375 μM were described using the explicit expression resulting in r and K s estimates of 0.26 μM/mg d and 28.08 μM and 0.30 μM/mg d and 28.70 μM, respectively, very similar to 0.276 μM/mg d and 31.2 μM, respectively, that were reported in the original study. The new explicit expression presented in this study simplifies estimation of cometabolic kinetic parameters and can be easily used across all computational platforms thereby providing an attractive alternative for progress curve analysis.
Systemic rheumatoid vasculitis: a review.

Objectives To review the most recent information on the incidence, clinical course, pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid vasculitis (RV), including the still scanty data on the use of biologics. Methods PubMed and MEDLINE databases (1950-2006) were searched for the key words “vasculitis” and “rheumatoid arthritis”; and “rheumatoid arthritis” and “extra-articular manifestations.” All relevant articles in English and French were reviewed. Additional words used in follow-up research include “anti-TNF,” “rituximab,” “IL-1 receptor antagonists,” and “CTLA-4 Ig,” all in conjunction with “vasculitis.” Pertinent secondary references were also retrieved. Results RV is an inflammatory condition of the small- and medium-sized vessels that affects a subset of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (∼1 to ∼5%). It has a vast array of clinical manifestations with a predilection for the skin (peripheral gangrene, deep cutaneous ulcers) and the peripheral nervous system (mononeuritis multiplex). Because of the lack of specific signs and symptoms, the diagnosis relies on the exclusion of other causes of similar lesions (diabetes, atherosclerosis, drug reactions, infection, neoplasias) and, ideally, on the histopathological demonstration of necrotizing vasculitis. Despite the availability of a host of promising new drugs for the treatment of RA, no clinical trials have tested their efficacy in RV; therefore, its management remains largely empirical. Conclusions Although RV has apparently been decreasing over the last 2 decades, possibly as a consequence of the more energetic approach to the management of RA currently used, it remains an important complication of RA that needs to be promptly recognized and treated.
Time Dependence of Mortality Risk and Defibrillator Benefit After Myocardial Infarction

Background— Prophylactic implantable defibrillators (ICDs) improve survival in patients with impaired ventricular function after myocardial infarction (MI), but it is uncertain whether mortality risk and survival benefit depend on the elapsed time from MI. Methods and Results— The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II examined the impact of ICDs on survival in post-MI patients with ejection fractions ≤30%. In 1159 patients, mean time from most recent MI to enrollment was 81±78 months. Patients were randomized to an ICD (n=699) or conventional care (n=460) in a 3:2 ratio. Mortality rates (deaths per 100 person-years of follow-up) in both treatment groups were analyzed by time from MI divided into quartiles (<18, 18 to 59, 60 to 119, and ≥120 months). In conventional care patients, these rates increased as time from MI increased (7.8%, 8.4%, 11.6%, 14.0%; P=0.03). Mortality rates in ICD patients were consistently lower in each quartile and showed minimal increase over time (7.2%, 4.9%, 8...
Interaction in an Industrial Plant: A Negative Hypothesis

In the emphasis of recent studies concerning the positive effects of frequent interaction on human relations, too little attention has been paid to a basic proposition posited by George C. Homans several years ago: Other things being equal, the more a man interacts with another, the more he likes him . . . When a man interacts with another and the other's activity punishes him, but he is not free to break the interaction off - under this condition frequent interaction is not associated with much liking.
Deviatoric stress in a girdle-anvil type high-pressure apparatus: effect on the quartz-coesite phase transformation

Abstract The deviatoric (non-hydrostatic) stress produced in a large-volume, high-pressure apparatus of the girdle-anvil type has been estimated from the density of free dislocations induced in olivine or MgO single crystals. This stress can be adjusted from 30 MPa in NaCl cell assemblies to > 400 MPa in BN. For the phase transformation from quartz to coesite in SiO2, the deviatoric stress does not affect the equilibrium boundary or the kinetics of the transformation, but has a marked influence on the microstructure of the high-pressure coesite phase.
Effect of particle size on the mutual flocculation between zinc oxide and titanium dioxide

Abstract An attempt has been made to show that mutual flocculation between oppositely charged colloidal particles can be described entirely from particle size considerations without including the concept of equality of opposite charges on the interacting colloids. This attempt seems to be valid since the composition of maximum mutual flocculation is independent of time and pH, and can be predicted accurately from the composition of least interaction. The mathematical treatment used has the advantage that only the ratios of the particle sizes and densities of the interacting pigment aggregates are required instead of the absolute values.
Quantitative echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in critically ill obstetric patients: A comparative study

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare different echocardiographic methods to quantitate maternal ventricular function. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven critically ill obstetric patients requiring invasive monitoring and M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic studies were retrospectively studied. Ventricular volumes and ejection fraction derived from multiple methods were computed and compared with analysis of variance and Newman-Keuls tests. RESULTS: Two M-mode studies could not be analyzed. M-mode and two-dimensional estimates of stroke volume were similar to the previously validated Doppler stroke volume values of these 11 patients. End-diastolic volume estimates were similar. There was no difference in ejection fraction for the five different two-dimensional Doppler methods used (66%, 66%, 67%, 63%, and 63%). CONCLUSION: Left ventricular function is reliably calculated in pregnant women by a number of different echocardiographic techniques. The ability to combine echocardiographic techniques is helpful when any single method does not provide all of the information required.
Stereotyping Physical and Occupational Therapists Characterize Themselves and Each Other

Physical therapists (n = 53) and occupational therapists (n = 53) appraised themselves and each other by selecting personal and job-based adjectives (54 pairs) on the Health Team Stereotype Scale. The PTs' self-appraisal differed statistically from the OTs' perception of PTs on 31 adjective pairs (57%). The OTs judged PTs as having fewer of the qualities PTs professed on 16 pairs. On 15 pairs, the OTs chose negative adjectives, whereas the PTs chose the positive. The OTs' self-assessment differed statistically from the PTs' perception of OTs on 24 pairs. The PTs perceived OTs as having fewer of the positive adjectives than did the OTs. The PTs' and OTs' self-assessments differed statistically on pairs such as Strong-Weak, Intelligent-Unintelligent, and Aggressive-Passive, with the PTs' mean scores being higher than the OTs'. Overall, the PTs' self-appraisal mean scores were higher than the OTs'. The extent of differences perceived by another profession may explain team conflict or team effectiveness.
The Dirichlet index under minimal conditions

We extend several known properties of the Dirichlet index to the case of minimal conditions and prove that the index is invariant under positive t bounded perturbations of the associated quadratic form. The index is also shown to be minimal for fourth order operators with certain growth conditions on some of their coefficients.
Investigation of the stability of AC repulsive-force levitation systems for low-speed maglev

Discusses the stability of an AC induction levitation system, focusing on the analysis and optimum design of the secondary conductor. Several improved secondary conductor geometries are considered. A theoretical model with numerical results, as well as experimental observations and data are presented. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that only marginal stability can be achieved with a single-plate secondary conductor. Modifications of the single plate can enhance its stability at rest, but this design suffers from longitudinal instabilities when propelled. It is concluded that a double-plate secondary conductor is stable in all six degrees of freedom. >
Screening for novel drug effects with a microphysiometer: A potent effect of clofilium unrelated to potassium channel blockade

Changes in cellular metabolism in response to pharmacological compounds can be detected using a biosensor known as a microphysiometer, which measures the rate at which cells release acidic metabolites. We have applied this technique to screen for effects of cation channel blockers on the metabolism of a variety of human and murine cell lines. At concentrations sufficient for cation channel blockade, most of these drugs have little or no effect on cellular metabolism as measured by acid release. In contrast, the potassium channel blocker clofilium triggers sustained increases in acid release at low (> or = 3 microM) concentration. Acid release persists in media containing high (150 mM) extracellular potassium. This release is not triggered by chemically similar potassium channel blockers. Thus these metabolic effects reflect a potent and specific function of clofilium which is unrelated to potassium channel blockade. Attempts to identify physiological correlates to this response revealed that low concentrations of clofilium but not other potassium channel blockers cause lymphoma apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that effects of clofilium found in other studies may not be due to changes in plasma membrane potassium conductance.
Increased ionizing radiation sensitivity and genomic instability in the absence of histone H2AX

In mammalian cells, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) cause rapid phosphorylation of the H2AX core histone variant (to form γ-H2AX) in megabase chromatin domains flanking sites of DNA damage. To investigate the role of H2AX in mammalian cells, we generated H2AX-deficient (H2AXΔ/Δ) mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. H2AXΔ/Δ ES cells are viable. However, they are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) and exhibit elevated levels of spontaneous and IR-induced genomic instability. Notably, H2AX is not required for NHEJ per se because H2AXΔ/Δ ES cells support normal levels and fidelity of V(D)J recombination in transient assays and also support lymphocyte development in vivo. However, H2AXΔ/Δ ES cells exhibit altered IR-induced BRCA1 focus formation. Our findings indicate that H2AX function is essential for mammalian DNA repair and genomic stability.
Identification and quantification of histochemical border zones during the evolution of myocardial infarction in the rat.

Several interventions have been shown to preserve ischaemic myocardium after coronary artery occlusion; yet there is uncertainty concerning the location, extent and very existence of the potentially salvageable myocardium. This study was undertaken to identify and to quantify by planimetry, histochemically different zones of myocardium in evolving infarcts. Serial frozen sections of the left ventricle from 98 rats killed at different time intervals ranging from 5 min to 72 h after coronary artery occlusion were stained for glycogen, neutral lipids and oxidative enzyme activity. From 5 to 20 min after occlusion, the ischaemic area (measured as a percentage of the cross-sectional area at the midventricular level) showed progressive glycogen loss which was, paradoxically, more severe at the periphery than at the center. By 30 min glycogen loss was uniform and complete. Three hours after occlusion 3 abnormal zones were observed: (1) a central zone of severe glycogen loss and severe loss of enzyme activity comprising 21 ± 3% (mean ± SE) of the left ventricular cross-sectional area; (2) a peripheral zone showing severe glycogen loss but only mild loss of enzyme activity comprising 21 ± 4% of the ventricle; and (3) a surrounding lipid-containing, but otherwise normal, zone comprising 9 ± 1% of the ventricle. The zone of mild loss of enzyme activity was smaller but still present 6 h after occlusion, but disappeared by 9 h as the zone of more severe loss of enzyme activity enlarged to equal the size of the glycogen-depleted zone. The lipid-containing zone persisted for 72 h. Thus, 2 histochemical border zones were observed: an outer histochemical border zone which contained lipid but was otherwise normal which was present up to 72 h after coronary occlusion, and an inner histochemical border zone with severe glycogen loss but delayed loss of enzyme activity presented at 3 and 6 h but which disappeared 9 h after coronary artery occlusion. These data support the concept that a myocardial infarction is not a homogeneous, static structure, but rather a dynamic temporally-related phenomenon with different zones that change in size and character as the infarct evolves.