cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REPRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION AND NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CUPHEA: A SEMI-DOMESTICATED OILSEED CROP

Interrelationships between ontogeny, allometric mass, and carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios were quantified in Cuphea, a semi-domesticated indeterminate and phenotypically plastic potential oilseed crop. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were estimated as functions of growth stages, phenotypic traits and C:N:P ratios. Ontogenically, N:P ratios in reproductive and metabolic tissues were least variable and were mainly affected by allometric leaf mass and relative growth rate. Reproductive mass is best predicted by allometric stem mass and C:N ratio in structural and metabolic tissues; whereas, net assimilation rate is best predicted by allometric total branch length and relative growth rate. The conservative N:P ratios found in reproductive and metabolic tissues are important in determining reproductive allocation in Cuphea. Large antagonistic effects of C:N on N:P ratios found in different plant tissues suggest that maximum reproductive allocation can be attained by manipulating ...
Low-cost ultraviolet three-axis attitude sensor system

It is becoming increasingly obvious that satellite bus technologies that have been developed for traditional larger satellite platforms are not always suitable for use with smallsats. This is due to the intrinsic smallsat limitations in size, weight, available power, and cost. The problem is particularly obvious for attitude reference sensors of both the earth and star viewing type. In response to the lack of suitable sensors for this purpose, Honeywell and Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a system that determines three axis attitude through ultraviolet imaging of the earth's limb and adjacent stars. A nonconventional wide angle optics assembly and intensified CCD array are utilized for this purpose. Because of the stability and predictability of the features being observed and the large number of pixels on which the scene is imaged, it should be possible to obtain accuracies on the order of .02 degrees with a very small and lightweight sensor configuration. A prototype sensor has been fabricated and tested, and has met all performance objectives. A more advanced version is now being developed, and a flight prototype should be completed by the end of 1993.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reduced cellular expression and activity of the P129T mutant of human fatty acid amide hydrolase: evidence for a link between defects in the endocannabinoid system and problem drug use

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inactivates the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) anandamide and related lipid transmitters in vivo. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human FAAH gene (385C to A) has recently been described that, in homozygous form, is over-represented in subjects with problem drug use. This SNP, which converts a conserved proiine residue in FAAH to threonine (P129T), suggests a potential role for the FAAH-endocannabinoid system in regulating addictive behavior. Nonetheless, the impact of the 385A mutation on the biochemical and cellular function of FAAH remains unknown. Here, we report that T-lymphocytes isolated from patients homozygous for the P129T-FAAH variant express less than half of the FAAH protein and activity observed in wild-type (WT) lymphocytes. Transfected COS-7 cells also expressed significantly lower levels of P129T-FAAH compared with WT-FAAH, indicating that the aberrant expression of the former protein is not a cell type-specific phenomenon. A comparison of the transcription/translation efficiencies and cellular stabilities of WT- and P129T-FAAH proteins revealed that the reduced expression of the mutant enzyme is due to a post-translational mechanism that precedes productive folding. These findings indicate that the natural 385A SNP in the human FAAH gene produces a mutant enzyme with reduced cellular stability, thus fortifying a potential link between functional abnormalities in the endocannabinoid system and drug abuse and dependence.
Neurogranin enhances synaptic strength through its interaction with calmodulin

Learning-correlated plasticity at CA1 hippocampal excitatory synapses is dependent on neuronal activity and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation. However, the molecular mechanisms that transduce plasticity stimuli to postsynaptic potentiation are poorly understood. Here, we report that neurogranin (Ng), a neuron-specific and postsynaptic protein, enhances postsynaptic sensitivity and increases synaptic strength in an activity- and NMDAR-dependent manner. In addition, Ng-mediated potentiation of synaptic transmission mimics and occludes long-term potentiation (LTP). Expression of Ng mutants that lack the ability to bind to, or dissociate from, calmodulin (CaM) fails to potentiate synaptic transmission, strongly suggesting that regulated Ng–CaM binding is necessary for Ng-mediated potentiation. Moreover, knocking-down Ng blocked LTP induction. Thus, Ng–CaM interaction can provide a mechanistic link between induction and expression of postsynaptic potentiation.
Influence of noncancerous prostatic tissue volume on prostate-specific antigen.

Abstract Objectives. To ascertain the influence of volume of noncancerous prostatic tissue and zone of cancer of origin on the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level to predict tumor volume and pathologic stage in men with clinically organ-confined disease. Methods. We evaluated the relationship between the preoperative serum PSA level and the pathologic findings of stage, grade, and tumor volume for 128 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. The volume of noncancerous prostatic tissue and zone of cancer origin were determined in 100 and 115 of the 128 patients, respectively. These data were then analyzed to determine their influence on the preoperative serum PSA level. Results. Serum PSA values increased as clinical and pathologic stage progressed. Despite this overall trend, we observed considerable overlap in PSA values between patients with pathologically organ-confined tumors and those with extraprostatic tumor extension and low predictive value indexes. In patients with large noncancerous prostatic tissue volume (greater than 30 cm 3 ) or tumor volume of 3 cm 3 or less, noncancerous prostatic tissue volume contributed significantly to the elevation of the serum PSA value and interfered with the direct relationship between PSA value and tumor volume. Although there were no significant differences in the distribution of PSA values or tumor volumes between cases with dominant peripheral and transition zone tumors, peripheral zone tumors were more likely to extend beyond the prostate. Conclusions. The volume of noncancerous prostatic tissue affects the serum PSA value and the zone of cancer origin influences pathologic stage. Thus, the serum PSA level is not useful for predicting either tumor volume or pathologic stage on an individual basis.
Might stimulant drugs support moral agency in ADHD children

Stimulants have been shown to be safe and effective for reduction of the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite much debate, however, there has been little empirical evidence as to whether stimulants affect authenticity and moral agency in children. Singh presents evidence that stimulants do not undercut children's' sense of self and increase their experience of agency. These findings are consistent with laboratory evidence that stimulant drugs in therapeutic doses improve cognitive control over thought and behavior.
Explaining CEO Compensation: How Do Talent, Governance, and Markets Fit In?

The article considers questions about excessive executive compensation. The author cites research by Shivaram Rajgopal and Terry Shevlin of the University of Washington, and Valentina Zamora of Boston College about why a majority of large U.S. firms reward chief executives for a bull market, rather than indexing pay to remove market effects, an approach known as relative performance evaluation. The researchers found that some executives set their own pay due to lack of shareholder oversight. The researchers also found that executive job prospects are market sensitive, so pay rises when demand rises because the overall market is strong. The primary finding was that the most talented executives tend to work at companies not using relative performance evaluation.
Escapable stress modulates retention of spatial learning in rats: Preliminary evidence for involvement of neurosteroids

The ability to escape stress has been shown to protect an organism from many of the deleterious effects of stress exposure. It has been suggested that this amelioration could be mediated by the release of an endogenous benzodiazepine-like substance in the brain demonstrated 2 h poststress. Since benzodiazepines possess amnestic as well as antianxiety actions, the possibility of memory alterations in coping subjects was evaluated. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: escapable shock, yoked inescapable shock, and no shock. Immediately poststress, all subjects were trained in a circular water maze. Acquisition and retention data were obtained in a between-subjects design at three different retention intervals (2 h, 4 h, and 24 h postshock). Results revealed no significant group differences in acquisition of the spatial learning task between groups. However, subjects in the escapable stress group had enhanced retention at 2 h postshock but were significantly impaired 24 h postshock relative to yoked-inescapable-shock and nonshock controls. Blockade of the synthesis of neuroactive GABAA positive steroids by 4-MA, a 5-alpha reductase enzyme inhibitor, blocked this effect. Thus, neuroactive steroid metabolites may play a critical role in the escapable-stress-induced retention deficit seen at 24 h poststress. These observations suggest that altered memory in the escapable-shock subjects may impart stress resiliency by reducing proactive interference of prior stress on subsequent learning and physiology.
An apparatus for procuring essential data in the differential diagnosis of pelvic pathology in the female

Summary An apparatus has been developed which permits of an automatic control of the maximum pressure of gas within the uterus with automatic safety factors well within the danger limit. This apparatus also permits of controlled instillation of opaque oils for x-ray study of pelvic pathology. These procedures are regulated by a simple hand-switch carried by the operator. The apparatus produces an accurate graphic record of time and pressure both of gas and oil.
Optical control of microwaves with semiconductor nipi structures

Many microwave systems call for components that can control the amplitude and phase, or reflection and transmission of microwave signals. Especially desirable are components that are simple and inexpensive, and have large area and minimum insertion loss. Semiconductor nipi structures have been used as all-optical spatial light modulators for devices that use one optical beam to control another.1 Here we show that a nipi can also be used as an optically controlled microwave modulator with many ideal characteristics. The basis for the device is the variation of free carrier density over several orders of magnitude by the application of low intensity light.2 In these preliminary measurements, the optical beam illuminates an area on the nipi which is roughly 1 /10 of the cross-section of the microwave beam. Despite the small size of the optical control beam, the transmission of a broadband microwave pulse through a GaAs nipi decreases by 30% when the nipi is excited with above band gap light from a cw argon ion laser operating in the multiline mode. We estimate that the optical excitation creates on the order of 1017 1015 electron-hole pairs per cm3 in the nipi throughout a thickness roughly equal to the absorption depth of the exciting beam (~0.5 μm). The attenuation of the microwave signal is attributed to absorption/reflection by photo-induced carriers. The microwave signals are created and detected with photoconductive antennas in a broad band mm-wave spectrometer described below.
The Chained CPI: A Path to Bipartisan Deficit Reduction

In this article, Viard argues in favor of using the chained Consumer Price Index to index tax brackets and federal benefit payments.
Understanding craniosynostosis as a growth disorder

Craniosynostosis is a condition of complex etiology that always involves the premature fusion of one or multiple cranial sutures and includes various anomalies of the soft and hard tissues of the head. Steady progress in the field has resulted in identifying gene mutations that recurrently cause craniosynostosis. There are now scores of mutations on many genes causally related to craniosynostosis syndromes, though the genetic basis for the majority of nonsyndromic cases is unknown. Identification of these genetic mutations has allowed significant progress in understanding the intrinsic properties of cranial sutures, including mechanisms responsible for normal suture patency and for pathogenesis of premature suture closure. An understanding of morphogenesis of cranial vault sutures is critical to understanding the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis conditions, but the field is now poised to recognize the repeated changes in additional skeletal and soft tissues of the head that typically accompany premature suture closure. We review the research that has brought an understanding of premature suture closure within our reach. We then enumerate the less well-studied, but equally challenging, nonsutural phenotypes of craniosynostosis conditions that are well characterized in available mouse models. We consider craniosynostosis as a complex growth disorder of multiple tissues of the developing head, whose growth is also targeted by identified mutations in ways that are poorly understood. Knowledge gained from studies of humans and mouse models for these conditions underscores the diverse, associated developmental anomalies of the head that contribute to the complex phenotypes of craniosynostosis conditions presenting novel challenges for future research. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:429-459. doi: 10.1002/wdev.227 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Parathion Studies on Bean Grown in Sterile Root Culture

Parathion was detected in young bean leaflets 2 hours following application to soil of plants grown in sterile root culture. Studies of accumulation of parathion within the plant during 24 hours following soil application indicated that uptake continued during this period, bus slowed considerably after 6 hours. Results of analysis for parathion degradation products from tissue extracts indicated that most, if not all, the parathion molecule remained intact within the plant after more than 22 hours. Higher concentrations of parathion occurred at left margins than in the central portions of the leaf blade. The insecticide appeared to be transported selectively by certain leaflet veins. Younger leaflets accumulated higher concentrations than did older leaflets over the same time period. Parathion was not detected in root exudates 24 hours following foliar application. Several species of sucking insects apparently fed but did not die after being exposed to leaves for 24 hours following soil application. In 1 test, low levels of parathion or parathion-associated metabolites were detected from insects after 24 hours exposure.
The regulation of factor IXa by supersulfated low molecular weight heparin.

Supersulfated low molecular weight heparin (ssLMWH) inhibits the intrinsic tenase (factor IXa−factor VIIIa) complex in an antithrombin-independent manner. Recombinant factor IXa with alanine substi...
Future trends in language intervention: addressing cultural bias in service delivery.

In this paper the cultural biases in a widely-used language intervention approach - the Hanen Early Language Parent Program - that trains parents to be conversational partners with their language-delayed children, are explored. In many respects this program represents the best of current clinical practice. It is empirically and theoretically grounded in recent research on parent-child interaction; studies have documented it efficacy; and it is family-centred approach. And yet, in clinical practice, it does not work with all families. Not surprinsingly, these families are often from nonmainstream backgrounds. Potential reasons for the lack of effectiveness with some families become apparent as research on patterns language socialization in a wide variety of cultures is reviewed. This review reveals that all of the basic premises of this program rest on culturally relative beliefs and values. Specifically considered are cultural variation in (1) aspects of social organization related to interaction, (2) the value of talk, (3) how status is handled in interaction, (4) beliefs about intentionality, and (5) beliefs about teaching language to children. Suggestions for incorporating this information into clinical services with nonmainstrean families are offered.
Case 6: Coin Rubbing

A young Asian mother brings her 5-year-old daughter to the Emergency Department (ED) for evaluation of a fever and cough. As you introduce yourself, the mother smiles and maintains little eye contact. The mother and patient speak very little English and most of the history is obtained from a family friend. The family friend informs you that the patient has been sick for a long time. When you ask if she has taken any medicine for the fever, the friend replies “yes, pills.” Despite further questioning, you are unable to obtain any history regarding the identity or quantity of pills.
Measurement of the hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of the 3 s 2 3 p 2 3 P 2 → 3 s 3 p 3 3 D 3 o transition in silicon

The hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of the $3{s}^{2}3{p}^{2} {}^{3}{P}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3s3{p}^{3} {}^{3}{D}_{3}^{o}$ transition in silicon have been measured. The transition at 221.7 nm was studied by-laser induced fluorescence in an atomic Si beam. For $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$, the hyperfine $A$ constant for the $3{s}^{2}3{p}^{2} {}^{3}{P}_{2}$ level was determined to be $\ensuremath{-}160.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3$ MHz ($1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ error), and the $A$ constant for the $3s3{p}^{3} {}^{3}{D}_{3}^{o}$ level is $\ensuremath{-}532.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$ MHz. The isotope shifts (relative to the abundant isotope $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$) of the transition were determined to be $1753.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1$ MHz for $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ and $3359.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$ MHz for $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$. This is an improvement by about two orders of magnitude over a previous isotope shift measurement. From these results we are able to predict the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the radioactive $^{31}\mathrm{Si}$ atom, which is of interest in building a scalable quantum computer.
Engineering Professional Societies and Pre-University Engineering Education

Engineers have long formed professional and informal alliances to capitalize on synergies, address deficiencies and solve problems. The oldest engineering professional society in the United States (US), the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), was formed in 1852 (ASCE, 2015a). Today, ASCE is a global society, with nearly 150,000 members in 174 countries, and stands among dozens of other engineering societies.
Race, American Literature and Transnational Modernisms: Hybridity and the New World: Laforgue, Eliot and the Whitmanian poetics of the frontier

INTRODUCTION In 1928, T. S. Eliot distinguished three varieties of vers libre : his own, Ezra Pound's and “that of the disciples of Whitman.” “I will not say,” he wrote: that subsequently there have not appeared traces of reciprocal influence of several types upon one another, but I am here speaking of origins. My own verse is, so far as I can judge, nearer to the original meaning of vers libre than is any of the other types: at least, the form in which I began to write, in 1908 or 1909, was directly drawn from the study of Laforgue together with the later Elizabethan drama; and I do not know anyone who started from exactly that point. I did not read Whitman until much later in life, and had to conquer an aversion to his form, as well as to his matter, in order to do so. Swiftly dismissing any consideration of the “clap-trap in Whitman's content,” Eliot argued that Whitman's claim to originality was “spurious,” since what Whitman had heralded as a new form of verse was in fact an instance of great prose. By 1944, in a lecture on “Walt Whitman and Modern Poetry” at the Churchill Club, Eliot reported that he had conquered at least part of his aversion and had read Whitman, as he put it, “properly.”
The Second Amendment and the Inalienable Right to Self-Defense

This paper provides a very concise introduction to the history of the Second Amendment and the case law as it stands today.Modern debates about the meaning of the Second Amendment have focused on whether it protects a private right of individuals to keep and bear arms or a right that can be exercised only through militia organizations like the National Guard. This question, however, was apparently never even raised until long after the Bill of Rights was adopted. Early discussions took the basic meaning of the amendment for granted and focused instead on whether it added anything significant to the original Constitution. The debate later shifted because of changes in the Constitution and in constitutional law and because legislatures began to regulate firearms in ways undreamed of in our early history.
On-site oral fluid Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) screening after controlled smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration

Increasing driving under the influence of cannabis cases is an important short-term consequence of cannabis legalization. On-site oral fluid (OF) testing devices provide advantages for roadside drug screening, because OF Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) indicates more recent cannabis intake than urine, and it can be collected non-invasively by law enforcement personnel. THC presence in OF primarily results from oromucosal contamination during cannabis inhalation. To date, on-site OF devices were not investigated following edible cannabis. We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the Drager DrugTest® 5000 [DT5000] and Alere™ DDS®2 [DDS2] at various OF THC confirmatory cutoffs following controlled smoked, vaporized, and edible cannabis in frequent and occasional smokers. Times of last positive (t last) were evaluated for each device, cutoff, and smoking group. At a 5 µg/L OF THC confirmation cutoff, overall performance criteria exceeded the recommended 80% for both devices. At lower THC confirmation cutoffs (1–2 µg/L), true positive results were maximized but sensitivity was <80%. When confirmation cutoffs were below manufacturers’ screening cutoffs (5 µg/L DT5000, 25 µg/L DDS2), false negative results increased. No differences in t last were observed for DT5000 between the three administration routes, but later t last times were observed after smoking compared to vaporization with DDS2. Frequent smokers had significantly later median t last (5 h) compared to occasional smokers (1.5–3.5 h) for all conditions. There were no true positive results at 44 and 50 h with the DT5000 and DDS2, respectively. OF screening followed by confirmatory OF analysis is an important strategy for investigations of driving under the influence of drugs, with these data improving interpretation of cannabinoid OF results.
Mission Control: Inventing the Groundwork for Spaceflight. By Michael Peter Johnson

It may be a reflection on our times—our transformation into a nation of sedentary computer-users—that the last few years have seen an uptick in scholarly research and popular books on the last unsu...
The Threat of Headless Beings: Constructing the Demonic in Christian Egypt

Two exorcistic charms from late antique Egypt appeal to the Christian Trinity and archangels to relieve affliction from an unusual category of demon called “headless,” associated with Osiris in earlier times. This paper addresses the afterlife of Osiris traditions in Christian times and the role of local monastic scribes in shaping the popular experience of local spirits.
Near-Wellbore Formation Damage by Inorganic and Organic Precipitates Deposition

In this chapter, simplified radial flow models for prediction of well flow performance during inorganic and organic deposition of precipitates are presented. The well productivity decline model is solved analytically under several simplifying conditions. Applications for sulfur, calcite, and asphaltene deposition problems are demonstrated.
Probabilistic resident space object detection using archival THEMIS fluxgate magnetometer data

Abstract Recent progress in the detection of small space objects, at geosynchronous altitudes, through ground-based optical and radar measurements is demonstrated as a viable method. However, in general, these methods are limited to detection of objects greater than 10 cm. This paper examines the use of magnetometers to detect plausible flyby encounters with charged space objects using a matched filter signal existence binary hypothesis test approach. Relevant data-set processing and reduction of archival fluxgate magnetometer data from the NASA THEMIS mission is discussed in detail. Using the proposed methodology and a false alarm rate of 10%, 285 plausible detections with probability of detection greater than 80% are claimed and several are reviewed in detail.
Gastric and Duodenal Diseases

These diseases are probably the cause of the major amount of epigastric distress experienced by humans. The reason the word “probably” must be stressed is that academicians still remain confused concerning the significance of abnormalities observed on both endoscopic and histologic evaluation of gastric mucosa in patients suffering from the symptoms. The clinician attempting to treat these diseases should understand some of the pathophysiology.
Inelastic Behavior of Glassy and Partially Crystallized Metallic Alloys

ABSTRACT The inelastic behavior of rapidly solidified metallic alloys depend sensitively on their structure as this changes from a disordered glassy state containing considerable free volume, progressively to a structurally relaxed state, and finally to a micro-crystalline alloy. Paralleling these structural changes, the internal friction and the strain to fracture decrease sharply, while the plastic resistance increases. Here, we will discuss these changes in typical metallic glasses and relate them and their kinetics to atomic mechanisms that have emerged from several simulation studies.
TGNet: Learning to Rank Nodes in Temporal Graphs

Node ranking in temporal networks are often impacted by heterogeneous context from node content, temporal, and structural dimensions. This paper introduces TGNet , a deep learning framework for node ranking in heterogeneous temporal graphs. TGNet utilizes a variant of Recurrent Neural Network to adapt context evolution and extract context features for nodes. It incorporates a novel influence network to dynamically estimate temporal and structural influence among nodes over time. To cope with label sparsity, it integrates graph smoothness constraints as a weak form of supervision. We show that the application of TGNet is feasible for large-scale networks by developing efficient learning and inference algorithms with optimization techniques. Using real-life data, we experimentally verify the effectiveness and efficiency of TGNet techniques. We also show that TGNet yields intuitive explanations for applications such as alert detection and academic impact ranking, as verified by our case study.
Laws, Ethics, and Policies

There are many laws, ethics, and policy concerns in the workplace but some of the ones that effect human resource development (HRD) professionals the most are electronic monitoring of employees in the workplace, whistleblowing policies, and intellectual property rights. HRD professionals can help develop communication materials and strategies to ensure all employees are aware of and understand electronic monitoring policies. They can also help facilitate understanding of whistleblowing policies and try to alleviate the need for such policies by providing ethics and legal training to ensure all employees understand that wrongdoing will not be tolerated. HRD scholars and professionals must develop ways to have a voice in the development of laws and policies that affect employee rights in the workplace so that both the employees and the employers benefit. The power struggle that exists between employees and employers has to be lessened so that productivity is the focus and not laws, ethics, and policy issues.
Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with HIV

With HIV now a chronic disease, other chronic diseases associated with aging are on the rise in people living with HIV (PLWH), including diabetes mellitus (DM). DM in PLWH is associated with traditional risk factors, like age, sex, race, and BMI, and the additional interplay of HIV and antiretroviral therapy. The incidence of DM in PLWH is higher than that of the general population making regular screening for DM in PLWH necessary. However, the means of screening for DM in the general population using hemoglobin A1c may not adequately identify DM or prediabetes in PLWH, leaving traditional glucose monitoring as the best means of screening for altered glucose metabolism. The effective management of DM among this specific population needs a thorough understanding of pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Current strategies to decrease cardio-metabolic risks in PLWH mirror those in the general population, with main focus on treatment of modifiable risk factors. Decisions regarding the choice of medications for DM should be individualized, taking into account other comorbidities. Newer medications show promise for benefit outside of glucose control, but studies in PLWH specifically are not available. A multidisciplinary approach would be beneficial for the evaluation and management of DM, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome in this subset of population.
THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND POLITICAL EXPOSURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARTY IDENTIFICATION AMONG ASIAN AMERICAN AND LATINO IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

This article seeks to understand the development of partisanship among the largest of contemporary immigrant groups, Asian Americans and Latinos. Identifying the processes that underlie the acquisition of partisanship is often complicated because the associated concepts are not easily isolated from one another. In particular, among those born in the U.S., distinguishing between the separate effects of age and political exposure on partisan development is especially difficult since age usually serves as an exact measure of exposure to the political system and vice versa. Because immigrants' length of residence does not correspond directly to their age, tracking the acquisition of party identification represents one way to untangle the effects of age and exposure on partisanship. A strong relationship between the number of years an immigrant has lived in the U.S. and the acquisition of partisanship is found. Further analysis shows that naturalization, gains in English language skills, and media use also contribute to immigrants' acquisition of partisanship. This study reveals that a process of reinforcement through exposure to the political system underlies the development of political attitudes across diverse immigrant groups.
"It sounds like she is sad": Introducing a Biosensing Prototype that Transforms Emotions into Real-time Music and Facilitates Social Interaction

This paper introduces a biosensing prototype that transforms emotions into music, helping people recognize and understand their own feelings and actions and those of other people. This study presents a series of three experiments with 20 participants in four emotional states: happiness, sadness, anger, and neutral state. Their real-time emotions were captured through a wearable probe Audiolize Emotion that detects users' EEG signals, composes data into audio files which are played to users themselves and others. At last, we conducted observations and interviews with participants to explore factors linked with social interaction, users' perceptions of music, and the reflections on the use of audio form for self-expression or communication. We found that Audiolize Emotion prototype triggers communication and self-expression in two ways: building curiosity and supporting communication by extending expression form. Based on the results, we provide future directions to explore the field of emotion and communication further and plan to apply the knowledge into more fields of VR game and accessibility.
Haloarchaeal Growth Physiology

Of all of the archaea, the extreme halophiles (the “haloarchaea”) are the easiest to culture. Most can be grown in a buffered, complex medium containing peptone, yeast extract and/or tryptone, a few salts, and between 2 and 4.5 Molar NaCl (DasSarma et al., 1995). All are aerobic (so there is no need for anaerobic chambers, as with the methanogens) and temperature requirements are usually between 37° and 42°C, (so there is no need for specialized equipment and procedures for growth at high temperatures, as with the hyperthermophiles). Moreover, many can be grown in a defined medium (DasSarma et al., 1995). Consequently, one can take advantage of all of the growth physiology paradigms developed over the years for members of the domain bacteria. One of these paradigms is the concept of steady-state, balanced growth as described by Campbell (1957). Balanced growth is a physiological state whereby “…all cell constituents begin to increase by the same proportion over the same interval. In other words, the time it takes to double the number of cells will be the same time it takes for these cells to double their content of DNA, ribosomes, individual enzymes and so on.” (Neidhardt et al., 1990). Since balanced growth is the most reproducible physiological state of a bacterial culture, experiments performed in different laboratories can be compared directly. We hasten to add that balanced growth is a mostly artificial state, rarely existing for any period of time in the environment. Nevertheless, since most physiology studies are done in the laboratory, cultures should be placed in balanced growth before an experiment begins. This provides a reproducible starting point, even if the aim of the experiment is to follow a particular parameter throughout the growth curve where there are periods of unbalanced growth (e.g., observing the expression of a particular gene as the culture enters stationary phase).
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Incidentally Detected Unicornuate Uteri

Objective To estimate the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with incidentally detected unicornuate uteri. Study Design This is a descriptive study. Database review identified patients with unicornuate uteri and singleton pregnancies at ≥12 weeks' gestation. Patients were excluded if the diagnosis of unicornuate uterus was made after a midtrimester loss or preterm delivery. Records were reviewed to obtain clinical outcomes. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis. Results Forty patients with 67 pregnancies were included. Most diagnoses were made during infertility work-up (76.2%). There was one midtrimester loss (1.5%). In the remaining 66 pregnancies, median gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks. There were 20 (30.3%) preterm births, 9 (13.6%) spontaneous preterm births, and 11 (16.7%) indicated preterm births. Women with indicated preterm births were more likely to have placental abnormalities. Of the available placental pathology, 45.2% had histological lesions of malperfusion. Cesarean delivery was performed in 77.3% of cases. Conclusion Most women with incidentally detected unicornuate uteri gave birth at term. More than half the preterm births were indicated, with relatively high rates of placental abnormalities. In patients without a poor obstetrical history, rates of midtrimester loss and spontaneous preterm birth were lower than previously described.
Use of Portable Electronic Assistive Technology to Improve Independent Job Performance of Young Adults with Intellectual Disability

Poor employment outcomes for persons with intellectual disability (ID) persist despite legislative mandates designed to enhance access to gainful employment. Recent data suggest that only 37% of yo...
Effect of work-related events on depressive symptoms in Japanese employees: a web-based longitudinal study

While a number of work-related events have been proposed as risk factors for depression, a majority of studies have focused only on a few events in a single study. Therefore, we conducted a web-based longitudinal study to comprehensively investigate the impact of various work-related events on depressive symptoms. Ten thousand Japanese workers representing the Japanese working population were recruited online and questioned on their experiences of 36 work-related events in the past year. Their depressive symptoms were also assessed based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Two years later, 3,098 participants responded to a follow-up study. By excluding 1,030 participants who were classified as being depressed in the baseline survey, data of 2,068 participants were analyzed. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression to assess the effect of work-related events on depressive symptoms. Eighteen events were found to be risk factors and were sorted into four types as follows: experience of an accident or disaster (OR: 4.78-7.67), excessive responsibility (OR: 3.01-3.62), drastic change in workstyle or workload (OR: 2.38-3.08), and interpersonal conflict (OR: 2.41-11.16). The current results, including magnitude relationship of ORs, should be utilized for promoting psychosocially healthy work environment.
A 4-Month Whole-Systems Ayurvedic Medicine Nutrition and Lifestyle Intervention Is Feasible and Acceptable for Breast Cancer Survivors: Results of a Single-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial:

PurposeOngoing symptoms and impairments in quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer survivors remain a significant problem. We tested the feasibility and acceptability of a manualized Ayurvedic nu...
Data-driven noise modeling of digital DNA melting analysis enables prediction of sequence discriminating power.

Motivation The need to rapidly screen complex samples for a wide range of nucleic acid targets, like infectious diseases, remains unmet. Digital High-Resolution Melt (dHRM) is an emerging technology with potential to meet this need by accomplishing broad-based, rapid nucleic acid sequence identification. Here, we set out to develop a computational framework for estimating the resolving power of dHRM technology for defined sequence profiling tasks. By deriving noise models from experimentally generated dHRM datasets and applying these to in silico predicted melt curves, we enable the production of synthetic dHRM datasets that faithfully recapitulate real-world variations arising from sample and machine variables. We then use these datasets to identify the most challenging melt curve classification tasks likely to arise for a given application and test the performance of benchmark classifiers. Results This toolbox enables the in silico design and testing of broad-based dHRM screening assays and the selection of optimal classifiers. For an example application of screening common human bacterial pathogens, we show that human pathogens having the most similar sequences and melt curves are still reliably identifiable in the presence of experimental noise. Further, we find that ensemble methods outperform whole series classifiers for this task and are in some cases able to resolve melt curves with single-nucleotide resolution. Availability Data and code available on https://github.com/lenlan/dHRM-noise-modeling. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Testing dark matter interactions with CMB spectral distortions

Possible interactions of dark matter (DM) with Standard Model (SM) particles can be tested with spectral distortions (SDs) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In particular, a nonrelativistic DM particle that scatters elastically with photons, electrons, or nuclei imprints a negative chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$ to the CMB spectrum. This article revisits the first study of this effect, with an accurate treatment of heat exchange between DM and SM particles. We show that the instantaneous-decoupling approximation made in the original study systematically and significantly underestimates the amplitude of SDs. As a consequence, we derive tighter upper bounds to the DM-SM elastic-scattering cross section for DM masses ${m}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, from the nondetection of $\ensuremath{\mu}$-distortions by FIRAS. We also show that a future instrument like PIXIE, sensitive to $|\ensuremath{\mu}|\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$, would be able to probe DM-SM cross sections much smaller than first forecasted, and orders of magnitude below current upper limits from CMB-anisotropy data, up to DM masses of $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. Lastly, we study the sensitivity of SDs to the electric and magnetic dipole moments of the DM. Although SDs can place nontrivial constraints on these models, we find that even future SD experiments are unlikely to improve upon the best current bounds. This article is accompanied by the public code dmdist, which allows one to compute CMB SDs for generic particle-DM models, specified by their cross sections for elastic scattering with and annihilation into SM particles.
A Comparison Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes in Hospitalized Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect any human host, but kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are considered more susceptible on the basis of previous experience with other viral infections. We evaluated rates of hospital complications between SARS-CoV-2–positive KTR and comparator groups. Methods We extracted data from the electronic health record on patients who were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, testing at six hospitals from March 4 through September 9, 2020. We compared outcomes between SARS-CoV-2–positive KTR and controls: SARS-CoV-2–positive non-KTR, SARS-CoV-2–negative KTR, and SARS-CoV-2–negative non-KTR. Results Of 31,540 inpatients, 3213 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. There were 32 SARS-CoV-2–positive and 224 SARS-CoV-2–negative KTR. SARS-CoV-2–positive KTR had higher ferritin levels (1412; interquartile range, 748–1749 versus 553; interquartile range, 256–1035; P Conclusions Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2–positive KTR had a high rate of mortality and hospital complications, such as requiring ventilation, vasopressor use, and AKI. Additionally, they had higher odds of hospital complications compared with SARS-CoV-2–positive non-KTR after adjusting for Elixhauser score, Black race, and baseline eGFR. Future studies with larger sample size of KTR are needed to validate our findings. Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/K360/2021_03_25_KID0005652020.mp3
Variation in propofol induction doses administered to surgical patients over age 65

Background/objectives Advanced age is associated with increased susceptibility to acute adverse effects of propofol. The present study aimed to describe patterns of propofol dosing for induction of general anesthesia before endotracheal intubation in a nationwide sample of older adults presenting for surgery. Design Retrospective observational study using the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group data set. Setting Thirty-six institutions across the United States. Participants A total of 350,766 patients aged over 65 years who received propofol for general anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation between 2014 and 2018. Intervention None. Measurements Total induction bolus dose of propofol administered. Results The mean (SD) weight-adjusted propofol dose was 1.7 (0.6) mg/kg. The mean prevalent propofol induction dose exceeded the upper bound of what has been described as the typical geriatric dose requirement across every age category examined. The percent of patients receiving propofol induction doses above the described typical geriatric range was 64.8% (95% CI 64.6-65.0), varying from 73.8% among patients aged 65-69 to 45.8% among patients aged 80 and older. Conclusion The present study of a large multicenter cohort demonstrates that prevalent propofol dosing commonly falls above the published typically required dose range for patients aged ≥65 in nationwide anesthetic practice. Widespread variability in induction dose administration remains incompletely explained by known patient variables. The nature and clinical consequences of these unexplained dosing decisions remain important topics for further study. Observed discordance between expected and actual induction dosing raises the question of whether there should be reconsideration of widespread provider practice or, alternatively, whether what is published as the typical propofol induction dose range should be revisited.
Economic Value of Early Cytogenetic Testing of Potential Cattle Breeding Stock

In light of continued shrinkage of the cattle genetic pool and an increase in pre-sale cytogenetic certification requests, it is important for those engaged in the cattle industry to be aware of the need for selective early cytogenetic testing.
A Risk Assessment Framework for Inter-Organizational Knowledge Sharing

Internet-based Information, Communication and Collaboration technologies are making it easier for organizations and knowledge workers to collaborate across organizational boundaries. However, it is necessary for organizations to monitor, regulate and build appropriate security mechanisms in collaboration systems to prevent loss of strategic knowledge and competitive advantage. In this paper, we present a risk assessment framework that can help organizations identify valuable knowledge assets exposed through collaboration technologies, and assess the risk of knowledge loss, intellectual property leakage, and the subsequent loss of competitive advantage so that appropriate security mechanism can be designed to prevent such a loss. We present an illustrative scenario to demonstrate the feasibility of the framework, and describe a prototype decision support system for automating the risk assessment process.
The Convergence of a Composite Regressor ARMAX Predictor

We are considering the problem of identifying an ARMAX system. Two standard models for producing predictive estimates for such a system are the equation error model and the ARMAX model. In this paper an algorithm called Composite Regressor ARMAX Predictor is presented. The new model is intermediary between the two standard models. It achieves convergence without needing the usual strictly positive real condition that the ARMAX model needs. Yet, it produces estimates which should have significantly less bias than the equation error model. This paper focuses on the proof of convergence of the Composite Regressor ARMAX method. The convergence analysis is greatly complicated by the presence of an extra noise term in the error equation. Because of this term, two modifications are made to the usual stochastic gradient parameter estimation algorithm The proof must go through a rather complicated argument which looks at a Lyapunov type function which, unfortunately, is not monotone non-increasing. Appropriate bounds are constructed to care for the intervals when the Lyapunov type function increases. The result is a proof of convergence with a bound on the size of the residual.