cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation on movement of Al_2O_3 particles in solid motor under high overload

Aiming at working condition and configuration characteristics of φ127 mm motor,φ315 mm motor and full scale motors with big slenderness ratio,3D two-phase flow in the chamber of three kinds of motors was numerically simulated,and the effects of axial and transverse acceleration load on particle field and agglomeration bond in the chamber of three kinds of motors were analyzed.The results show that the effects of different axial and transverse overload on the agglomeration location,concentration,impact angle and velocity of particles are significant.Under the same axial overload,with the increase of transverse overload,impact velocity of the particles decreases,impact angle increases,and impact location comes forward,but agglomeration concentration of the particles is related to axial overload.Grain structure has great effect on particle agglomeration in the motor.For different grain structure,the effect of overload is different.
The Use of High-fidelity Simulation in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Clinical Education

Background: High-fidelity simulation recreates real-life situations in a safe learning environment and encourages critical thinking in students. Published research in simulation in psychiatric/mental health nursing is sparse. Methods: Four scenarios exemplifying drug or alcohol abuse utilizing the computerized, mannequin SimMan® were implemented. Students evaluated their learning experience following completion of the simulation via a 20-item, Likert-scale survey which included open-ended questions. Results: Results were positive. Students rated all items on the survey as “agree” or “strongly agree” (Mean 4.77, SD=0.55). Conclusions: High fidelity clinical education simulations are an effective means of facilitating student learning of psychiatric and mental health clinical experiences. Students found simulation to be a useful and engaging means by which to learn to care for clients with drug or alcohol abuse disorders.
Advances in cutdown techniques.

Summary Emergency Department physicians must be expert in rapidly obtaining adequate intravenous access. Cutdown techniques are an essential part of this endeavor. We have described the step-by-step techniques of placement of a variety of upper- and lower-extremity cutdowns in the Emergency Department.
Charlotte Brontë, [‘Four Letters to M. Heger’] (1844–1845), in The Shakespeare Head Brontë, vol. ii, pp. 11–14, 18–19, 23–4, 69–71

monsieur, — I am well aware that it is not my turn to write to you, but as Mrs Wheelwright is going to Brussels1 and is kind enough to Each Young Lady to be provided with One Pair of Sheets, Pillow Cases, Four Towels, a Dessert and Tea-spoon. take charge of a letter — it seems to me that I ought not to neglect so favourable an opportunity of writing to you.
Playful invention, inventive play

ABSTRACTThe Smithsonian Lemelson Center's Invention at Play exhibition project brought a fresh perspective to the study of invention by exploring the role of play in the creative processes of historic and contemporary inventors. This special journal issue provides a welcome opportunity to share the Lemelson Center's primary research, featuring interviews with inventors about their personal play histories, combined with secondary research regarding connections among play, child development, creativity, and invention, and show how we used this research to develop a museum exhibition providing visitors with opportunities to learn how play fosters creativity and invention, to understand how children's play parallels inventors' processes, and to experience their own playful and inventive abilities. The original exhibition closed in 2011, but its research and its spirit live on through Lemelson Center and National Museum of American History activities at the Smithsonian, and we hope will inform future play and ...
Searches for New Particles in Photon Final States at the Tevatron

Searches for new physics at the Tevatron collider experiments, using signatures involving photons, are described.
Leadership and Emotional Intelligence

As an umbrella concept covering multiple domains, emotional intelligence has been gaining attention for its contribution to productive teams and effective leadership. We examine the role of emotion perception, expression, and management in professional and personal development, as well as discuss multiple models of emotional intelligence and their corresponding measurement instruments as applied to organizational settings. Recent empirical studies highlight the function of emotional intelligence in effective leadership within the fields of healthcare, finance and banking, project supervision, information technology, and change management.
13.6 A 2.4GHz WLAN digital polar transmitter with synthesized digital-to-time converter in 14nm trigate/FinFET technology for IoT and wearable applications

To benefit from Moore's law and minimize form-factor and active power consumption, digital-rich SoCs should be integrated in the most advanced technology node. If the transceiver is integrated in a different technology node, multi-chip solutions are required, increasing system cost and form-factor. Traditional radio architectures require extensive use of high-quality passives, which might use large silicon area or not be available due to process limitations. Fast time to market also demands quicker design cycles, where extensive use of standard digital cells and even automated place-and-route tools for layout is preferred [1]. The proposed transmitter leverages a polar architecture with synthesized digital-to-time converter (DTC) wideband phase modulator, an all-digital PLL and a digital PA with matching network implemented on a flip-chip package to enable single-chip integration in 14nm trigate/finFET technology for IoT and wearable SoCs.
THE INFLAMMASOME PATHWAY IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE VENTRICULAR REMODELING FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) results in progressive ventricular remodeling and heart failure. There is strong evidence that inflammatory cytokines play a key role in this maladaptive process, however, it is unclear how they affect the ventricular remodeling following transcatheter aortic valve
Abstract 17514: Differences in Risk of Long Term Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke Between Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac and Non-cardiac Surgeries

Background: New onset post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs after both non-cardiac and cardiac surgeries. Comparative differences in long term outcomes between these types of surgeries i...
Understanding and improving textile recycling: a systems perspective

Abstract: Presented from a unified micro–macro or systems perspective, the textile recycling process impacts many entities and contributes significantly to the social responsibility of contemporary consumer culture. Because textiles are nearly 100% recyclable, attention needs to be given to the recycling and recyclability of textiles so that less ends up in landfills. By raising consciousness concerning ecological issues, channels for disposal, and environmentally conscious business ethics, steps can be taken toward a more sustainable use and disposal of post-consumer textiles.
Westward mountain-gap wind jets of the northern Red Sea as seen by QuikSCAT

Abstract We analyse ten years of QuikSCAT satellite surface winds to statistically characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the westward mountain-gap wind jets over the northern Red Sea. These wind jets bring relatively cold and dry air from the Arabian Desert, increasing heat loss and evaporation over the region similar to cold-air outbreaks from mid and subpolar latitudes. QuikSCAT captures the spatial structure of the wind jets and agrees well with in situ observations from a heavily instrumented mooring in the northern Red Sea. The local linear correlations between QuikSCAT and in situ winds are 0.96 (speed) and 0.85 (direction). QuikSCAT also reveals that cross-axis winds such as the mountain-gap wind jets are a major component of the regional wind variability. The cross-axis wind pattern appears as the second (or third) mode in the four vector Empirical Orthogonal Function analyses we performed, explaining between 6% to 11% of the wind variance. Westward wind jets are typical in winter, especially in December and January, but with strong interannual variability. Several jets can occur simultaneously and cover a large latitudinal range of the northern Red Sea, which we call large-scale westward events. QuikSCAT recorded 18 large-scale events over ten years, with duration between 3 to 8 days and strengths varying from 3–4 to 9–10 m/s. These events cause large changes in the wind stress curl pattern, imposing a remarkable sequence of positive and negative curl along the Red Sea main axis, which might be a wind forcing mechanism for the oceanic mesoscale circulation.
Early childhood teachers' stress and children's social, emotional, and behavioral functioning

Abstract Early childhood teachers play a key role in promoting children's social, emotional, and behavioral functioning. We investigated how preschool lead and assistant teachers' personal and job-related stress are, collectively and separately, associated with their perceptions of children's anger-aggression, anxiety-withdrawal, and social competence. Using a sample of 103 teachers from 54 classrooms serving 329 children, we conducted three-level multilevel analyses. Lead and assistant teachers' cumulative personal stress was significantly associated with teachers' evaluations of children's anger-aggression, and cumulative job-related emotional exhaustion was significantly associated with teachers' evaluations of children's anxiety-withdrawal and social competence. Exploring lead and assistant teachers' stress separately, the results showed that lead teachers with higher levels of stress perceived children as having higher levels of anger-aggression and anxiety-withdrawal. On the other hand, assistant teachers' stress was associated with teacher-reported children's social competence. We suggest ways to support children's social, emotional, and behavioral functioning through intervening with teachers' stress.
Shear Banding in Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites with Dendrite Reinforcements

Bulk metallic glass matrix composites (BMGMCs) with metallic dendrite reinforcements combine the excellent strength, hardness, and elastic strain limit of amorphous metallic glass with a ductile crystalline phase to achieve extraordinary toughness with minimal degradation in strength. In order to explore the mechanical interactions between the amorphous and crystalline phases a full-field micromechanical model, which couples a free volume based constitutive model for the matrix with crystal plasticity, has been implemented in an elastic-viscoplastic Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) solver. The findings indicate that in BMGMCs, local inhomogeneities in the glass phase are less influential on the mechanical performance than the contrast in individual phase properties. Due to the strong contrast in mechanical properties, heterogenous stress fields develop, contributing to regionally confined free volume generation, localized flow and softening in the glass. In these softened regions, plastic flow rapidly localizes into shear bands.
For the birds: Media sourcing, Twitter, and the minimal effect on audience perceptions:

Twitter has emerged as a key news source, but questions remain about the ethics of relying on it as a source and the implications of such reliance for audience impressions. Two experiments test per...
Natural-born killer.

The article discusses the tentacled snake, Erpeton tentaculatus, which is a fully aquatic reptile native to Thailand, Cambodia and South Vietnam. The author, who is a biologist, notes his interest in the tentacled snake, which is named for the distinctive appendages that project from the sides of its snout, while visiting the National Zoo in Washington, D. C. Topics include an overview of the author's research testing the function of the snake's tentacles, the snake's various hunting strategies that it deploys from birth, and a diagram illustrating how E. tentaculatus hunts fish, which includes information on how the snake's feint strategy exploits the fish's neural circuitry that helps the fish avoid predation. INSET: Startle and Strike.
Physics from Proteins

The title of the workshop, “Biologically Inspired Physics” also heralds the goal of this contribution: Can we learn “new” physics by studying biological systems? In biophysics, physical tools are used to explore the structure and function of biological systems, ranging from biomolecules to the brain.
Relative effectiveness of selenite cystine broth, tetrathionate broth, and Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from foods with a low microbial load

The relative effectiveness of Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium, selenite cystine (SC) broth, and tetrathionate (TT) broth for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from foods with a low microbial load was determined. RV medium made from its individual ingredients and incubated at 42 degrees C was compared with a commercial preparation of SC broth, incubated at 35 degrees C, and TT broth incubated at 35 and 43 degrees C, for the recovery of Salmonella spp. Twenty-one artificially contaminated food types that included dairy foods, spices, and egg products, as well as other low-microbial-load foods, were analyzed. The foods were inoculated with single Salmonella serovars at target levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.4 CFU/g. No significant differences (P< or =0.05) among the selective enrichment broths for the recovery of Salmonella spp. from 18 of the foods were observed. Significantly fewer Salmonella-positive test portions of gelatin, guar gum, and nonfat dry milk were recovered with RV medium than with SC broth incubated at 35 degrees C and TT broth incubated at 35 and 43 degrees C. TT broth incubated at 35 degrees C recovered the greatest number of Salmonella-positive test portions. For the recovery of Salmonella spp. from foods with a low microbial load, it is recommended that TT broth incubated at 35 degrees C and RV medium incubated at 42 degrees C be used.
Computation of a Synthetic Jet in a Turbulent Cross-Flow Boundary Layer

A series of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations are performed for the flow of a synthetic jet issuing into a turbulent boundary layer through a circular orifice. This is one of the validation test cases from a synthetic jet validation workshop held in March 2004. Several numerical parameters are investigated, and the effects of three different turbulence models are explored. Both long-time-averaged and time-dependent phase-averaged results are compared to experiment. On the whole, qualitative comparisons of the mean flow quantities are fairly good. There are many differences evident in the quantitative comparisons. The calculations do not exhibit a strong dependence on the type of turbulence model employed.
Abstracting allocation

We introduce a Floyd-Hoare-style framework for specification and verification of machine code programs, based on relational parametricity (rather than unary predicates) and using both step-indexing and a novel form of separation structure. This yields compositional, descriptive and extensional reasoning principles for many features of low-level sequential computation: independence, ownership transfer, unstructured control flow, first-class code pointers and address arithmetic. We demonstrate how to specify and verify the implementation of a simple memory manager and, independently, its clients in this style. The work has been fully machine-checked within the Coq proof assistant.
Knowledge Persists, Opinions Drift: Learning and Opinion Change in a Three-Wave Panel Experiment:

Considerable evidence exists that Americans possess not only low levels of political knowledge but also relatively uninformed—and sometimes misinformed—opinions on policy matters. Many recent studi...
From Prehistoric to Ancient Theatricality

Deep-history issues are applied to prehistoric cave art and mobile figurines in Europe from 40,000 to 11,000 years ago, as evidence of inner-theatre projections, experienced personally and shared collectively. Prehistoric rites are also investigated with built “temples” and statues at Gobekli Tepe, ’Ain Ghazal, Catalhoyuk, and Malta, regarding public and domestic spaces, animal and human figures, and possible projections of a metaphysical theatre. Relations between inner, social, and spiritual audiences are then explored with San Bushman trance-dances, providing insights about prehistoric cave rites and later “temples.” The political dynamics of territorial, hierarchical, and playful drives are considered, too, with theatrical scripts from ancient Egyptian temple dramas and Nile River ceremonies. Further examples of Middle Eastern ritual dramas are mentioned from Cyprus, Anatolia, Sumer, and Akkadia (Mesopotamia).
Exposure to incivility hinders clinical performance in a simulated operative crisis

Background Effective communication is critical for patient safety. One potential threat to communication in the operating room is incivility. Although examined in other industries, little has been done to examine how incivility impacts the ability to deliver safe care in a crisis. We therefore sought to determine how incivility influenced anaesthesiology resident performance during a standardised simulation scenario of occult haemorrhage. Methods This is a multicentre, prospective, randomised control trial from three academic centres. Anaesthesiology residents were randomly assigned to either a normal or ‘rude’ environment and subjected to a validated simulated operating room crisis. Technical and non-technical performance domains including vigilance, diagnosis, communication and patient management were graded on survey with Likert scales by blinded raters and compared between groups. Results 76 participants underwent randomisation with 67 encounters included for analysis (34 control, 33 intervention). Those exposed to incivility scored lower on every performance metric, including a binary measurement of overall performance with 91.2% (control) versus 63.6% (rude) obtaining a passing score (p=0.009). Binary logistic regression to predict this outcome was performed to assess impact of confounders. Only the presence of incivility reached statistical significance (OR 0.110, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.544, p=0.007). 65% of the rude group believed the surgical environment negatively impacted performance; however, self-reported performance assessment on a Likert scale was similar between groups (p=0.112). Conclusion Although self-assessment scores were similar, incivility had a negative impact on performance. Multiple areas were impacted including vigilance, diagnosis, communication and patient management even though participants were not aware of these effects. It is imperative that these behaviours be eliminated from operating room culture and that interpersonal communication in high-stress environments be incorporated into medical training.
How can a black woman be a Republican? An intersectional analysis of identity claims in the 2014 Mia Love campaign

Mia Love made history in 2014 as the first black Republican woman elected to Congress. Given the Republican Party's attempts to reach out to women and minority voters while simultaneously rejecting...
Comparison of thromboelastography versus conventional coagulation tests in simulated Crotalus atrox envenomation using human blood.

Abstract Introduction Pit viper bites are a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Pit viper bites can cause venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC), typically evaluated with laboratory-based conventional coagulation tests (CCTs). However, CCTs require a laboratory and average 1 h to conduct. Thromboelastography (TEG) provides real-time, point-of-care tests of coagulation that are fast and require no separate laboratory facilities, which could be advantageous in both hospital and austere settings. However, the relative efficacy of TEG versus CCTs was unclear, particularly at low venom concentrations. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to test human blood with various concentrations of pit viper venom using CCTs and TEG to determine dose-dependent changes, lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC), and sensitivity to detecting samples out of normal diagnostic range. Methods Blood samples from 20 volunteers were mixed with varying concentrations of western diamond back rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom based on the mouse LD50IV (none, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 33%, 66%, and 100% LD50IV). Samples were split and assessed with both CCTs including prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen, and D-dimer, along with TEG measures of reaction time (R), kinetic time (K), rate of clot formation (α-angle), and clot strength (MA). Data were analyzed as dose-dependent concentration-based changes in raw values and in percent of samples exceeding diagnostic thresholds using ANOVA and nonparametric statistics at the p Results All evaluations showed significant concentration-dependent changes, and 100% of samples exceeded diagnostic thresholds at 33%LD50IV and above, save D-dimer. At 0.5%LD50IV, R, K, α-angle, PT, and INR were significantly different from controls, and at 1%LD50IV, mean values exceeded diagnostic thresholds for R, K, α-angle, MA, PT, and INR, but not for PTT, D-dimer, or fibrinogen. At 2%LD50IV, 100% of samples were out of normal range for K, α-angle, and PT. Conclusion TEG is effective in coagulopathy evaluations of in vitro simulated pit viper envenomation. At low venom concentrations, TEG performed as well or better than the majority of CCTs. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the use of TEG to rapidly and accurately evaluate VICC.
A Community-based Computational and Engineering Sciences Initiative toward National Development (COESIND)

In this Innovative Practice Full Paper, we propose to establish a community-based learning initiative, which integrates recruitment, advisement, and retention programs with hands-on activities that supplement core curriculum for cohorts of students in the STEM fields – from recruiting through graduation and placement into the workforce. This initiative is designed in three phases: the pilot phase, the alliance phase, and the backbone phase. This project is aimed at the pilot phase; however, its focus does not end when the piloting is over, but rather, it is intended to integrate with other pilot programs into building regional alliances. Through the regional alliances, this proposed pilot initiative is planned to become part of the national backbone program, which aims at producing well-prepared, underrepresented graduates into the STEM-related workforce. Because the percentage of women and minorities (African-American, Hispanics, and Native Americans) in STEM-related workforce is so small, the COESIND program is designed to broaden the participation of these groups. To do so, a community of the eight campuses of Chattahoochee Technical College, the five campuses of Georgia-Perimeter College, the Girls, Inc. of Greater Atlanta, Georgia, Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) of Greater Atlanta, and three area high schools in Cobb County, all in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, will participate in the COESIND program. A Kennesaw State University (KSU) CS mentorship program, The Girls, Inc.’s summer camps have consistently attracted several girls over the years (Google IgniteCS). These institutions, collectively, have a significantly large population of African-American (A-A), Hispanics, and Girls/Women. Faculty from the College of Computing and Software Engineering (CCSE) and College of Engineering at KSU, located in Kennesaw, Georgia, will lead the proposed program. KSU, which recently merged with Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU), located in Marietta, Georgia, now has a student population of 5,000 in these two Colleges. Moreover, KSU was recently classified as an R2 institution. The University also offers an array of STEM programs and has been ranked 7th among institutions that offer online courses and, at the time the merger, SPSU was ranked among the top three producers of African-American engineering technology graduates in the nation. With its prior implementations of two NSF-LSAMP programs, among other undergraduate-level student training, KSU is qualified to lead such an initiative. Our focus on Computing and Engineering sub-disciplines, among the many STEM-fields, is intentional: To focus on programs and activities where computing and engineering technologies are deployed as tools to solving real-world problems. In this paper, we will describe the motivation of the project and the detailed implementation plan of the pilot phase. The assessment plan along with the measurable outcomes, are summarized in the paper as well.
Obesity and severe COVID-19 disease: a strong association

After having read your recent Editorial "COVID 19 and the Patient with Obesity - The Editors Speak Out"(1) , I wish to share my own personal experience I am an anesthesiologist working on the frontline of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic at an academic and teaching establishment, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, in New York City As Director of the Bariatric Anesthesia division, and an airway expert, I was assigned to our COVID Airway Team, in March 2020
A Unique Clade of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses is Associated with Lower Viral Loads in Patient Upper Airways

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been accompanied by the emergence of distinct viral clades, though their clinical significance remains unclear. Here, we examined the genome sequences of 88 SARS-CoV-2 viruses from COVID-19 patients in Chicago, USA and identified three distinct phylogenetic clades. Clade 1 was most closely related to clades centered in New York, and showed evidence of rapid expansion across the USA, while Clade 3 was most closely related to those in Washington. Clade 2 was localized primarily to the Chicago area with limited evidence of expansion elsewhere. Average viral loads in the airways of patients infected with the rapidly spreading Clade 1 viruses were significantly higher than those of the poorly spreading Clade 2. These results show that multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 are circulating in the USA that differ in their relative airway viral loads and potential for expansion.
Identification and characterization of cellular heterogeneity within the developing renal interstitium

Kidney formation requires the coordinated growth of multiple cell types including the collecting ducts, nephrons, vasculature and interstitium. There is a long-held belief that interactions between progenitors of the collecting ducts and nephrons are primarily responsible for kidney development. However, over the last several years, it has become increasingly clear that multiple aspects of kidney development require signaling from the interstitium. How the interstitium orchestrates these various roles is poorly understood. We show that during development, the interstitium is a highly heterogeneous, patterned population of cells that occupies distinct positions correlated to the adjacent parenchyma. Our analysis indicates that the heterogeneity is not a mere reflection of different stages in a linear developmental trajectory but instead represents several novel differentiated cell states. Further, we find that beta-catenin has a cell autonomous role in the development of a medullary subset of the interstitium and that this non-autonomously affects the development of the adjacent epithelia. These findings suggest the intriguing possibility that the different interstitial subtypes may create microenvironments that play unique roles in development of the adjacent epithelia and endothelia.
Multimaterial three-dimensional printing in brachytherapy: Prototyping teaching tools for interstitial and intracavitary procedures in cervical cancers

Abstract Purpose As the utilization of brachytherapy procedures continues to decline in clinics, a need for accessible training tools is required to help bridge the gap between resident comfort in brachytherapy training and clinical practice. To improve the quality of intracavitary and interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy education, a multimaterial, modular, three-dimensionally printed pelvic phantom prototype simulating normal and cervical pathological conditions has been developed. Methods and Materials Patient anatomy was derived from pelvic CT and MRI scans from 50 representative patients diagnosed with localized cervical cancer. Dimensions measured from patients’ uterine body and uterine canal sizes were used to construct a variety of uteri based off of the averages and standard deviations of the subjects in our study. Soft-tissue anatomy was three-dimensionally printed using Agilus blends (shore 30 and 70) and modular components using Vero (shore 85). Results The kit consists of four uteri, a standard bladder, a standard rectum, two embedded gross tumor volumes, and four clip-on gross tumor volume attachments. The three anteverted uteri in the kit are based on the smallest, the average, and the largest dimensions from our patient set, whereas the retroverted uterus assumes average dimensions. Conclusions This educational high-dose-rate gynecological pelvic phantom is an accessible and cost-effective way to improve radiation oncology resident training in intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy cases. Implementation of this phantom in resident education will allow for more thorough and comprehensive physician training through its ability to transform the patient scenario. It is expected that this tool will help improve confidence and efficiency when performing brachytherapy procedures in patients.
Application of Carbon-13 Isotopomer Analysis to Assess Perinatal Myocardial Glucose Metabolism in Sheep.

Ovine models of pregnancy have been used extensively to study maternal–fetal interactions and have provided considerable insight into nutrient transfer to the fetus. Ovine models have also been utilized to study congenital heart diseases. In this work, we demonstrate a comprehensive assessment of heart function and metabolism using a perinatal model of heart function with the addition of a [U-13C]glucose as tracer to study central energy metabolism. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and metabolic modelling, we estimate myocardial citric acid cycle turnover (normalized for oxygen consumption), substrate selection, and anaplerotic fluxes. This methodology can be applied to studying acute and chronic effects of hormonal signaling in future studies.
Improved Measurement of Electron-antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay

Abstract With 2.5× the previously reported exposure, the Daya Bay experiment has improved the measurement of the neutrino mixing parameter sin 2 2 θ 13 = 0.089 ± 0.010 (stat) ± 0.005 (syst) . Reactor anti-neutrinos were produced by six 2.9 GWth commercial power reactors, and measured by six 20-ton target-mass detectors of identical design. A total of 234,217 anti-neutrino candidates were detected in 127 days of exposure. An anti-neutrino rate of 0.944 ± 0.007 (stat) ± 0.003 (syst) was measured by three detectors at a flux-weighted average distance of1648 m from the reactors, relative to two detectors at 470 m and one detector at 576 m. Detector design and depth underground limited the background to 5 ± 0.3 % (far detectors) and 2 ± 0.2 % (near detectors) of the candidate signals. The improved precision confirms the initial measurement of reactor anti-neutrino disappearance, and continues to be the most precise measurement of θ 13 .
Gut microbiome-host interactions in driving environmental pollutant trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity.

Abstract Trichloroethene (TCE), a widely used industrial solvent, is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), including systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hepatitis. Increasing evidence support a linkage between altered gut microbiome composition and the onset of ADs. However, it is not clear how gut microbiome contributes to TCE-mediated autoimmunity, and initial triggers for microbiome-host interactions leading to systemic autoimmune responses remain unknown. To achieve this, female MRL+/+ mice were treated with 0.5 mg/ml TCE for 52 weeks and fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the microbiome composition. TCE exposure resulted in distinct bacterial community revealed by β-diversity analysis. Notably, we observed reduction in Lactobacillaceae, Rikenellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae families, and enrichment of Akkermansiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families after TCE exposure. We also observed significantly increased colonic oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (CD14 and IL-1β), and decreased tight junction proteins (ZO-2, occludin and claudin-3). These changes were associated with increases in serum antinuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12), together with increased PD1 + CD4+ T cells in TCE-exposed spleen and liver tissues. Importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using feces from TCE-treated mice to antibiotics-treated mice induced increased anti-dsDNA antibodies and hepatic CD4+ T cell infiltration in the recipient mice. Our studies thus delineate how imbalance in gut microbiome and mucosal redox status together with gut inflammatory response and permeability changes could be the key factors in contributing to TCE-mediated ADs. Furthermore, FMT studies provide a solid support to a causal role of microbiome in TCE-mediated autoimmunity.
Measuring the Impact of Targeting FcRn-Mediated IgG Recycling on Donor-Specific Alloantibodies in a Sensitized NHP Model.

Background In transplantation, plasmapheresis and IVIg provide the mainstay of treatment directed at reducing or removing circulating donor-specific antibody (DSA), yet both have limitations. We sought to test the efficacy of targeting the IgG recycling mechanism of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) using anti-FcRn mAb therapy in a sensitized non-human primate (NHP) model, as a pharmacological means of lowering DSA. Methods Six (6) rhesus macaque monkeys, previously sensitized by skin transplantation, received a single dose of 30mg/kg anti-RhFcRn IV, and effects on total IgG, as well as DSA IgG, were measured, in addition to IgM and protective immunity. Subsequently, 60mg/kg IV was given in the setting of kidney transplantation from skin graft donors. Kidney transplant recipients received RhATG, and tacrolimus, MMF, and steroid for maintenance immunosuppression. Results Circulating total IgG was reduced from a baseline 100% on D0 to 32.0% (mean, SD ± 10.6) on d4 post infusion (p<0.05), while using a DSA assay. T-cell flow cross match (TFXM) was reduced to 40.6±12.5% of baseline, and B-cell FXCM to 52.2±19.3%. Circulating total IgM and DSA IgM were unaffected by treatment. Pathogen-specific antibodies (anti-gB and anti-tetanus toxin IgG) were significantly reduced for 14d post infusion. Post-transplant, circulating IgG responded to anti-FcRn mAb treatment, but DSA increased rapidly. Conclusion Targeting the FcRn-mediated recycling of IgG is an effective means of lowering circulating donor-specific IgG in the sensitized recipient, although in the setting of organ transplantation mechanisms of rapid antibody rise post-transplant remains unaffected.
Extending the Depth Perception of People Who Are Blind

Mobility aids, such as the white cane, provide close-range information to help people who are blind navigate the world. However, this technology has a limited sensing range and does not provide longer-distance scene awareness. This paper proposes a vibrotactile feedback device to fill the longer-range sensing gap and a study to evaluate this device’s efficacy to inform the user of near and far objects in their surroundings.
Compressibility Effects in Magnetoaerodynamic Flows Past Thin Bodies

The effects of compressibility on the steady motion of a highly conducting fluid past thin cylindrical bodies in the presence of a magnetic field are studied. Procedures are developed for the solution of this class of magnetoaerodynamic problems over the entire Mach number range and for all ratios of magnetic to fluiddynamic pressure. The results obtained are analogous either to the Ackeret theory or the Prandtl-Glauert rule of conventional aerodynamics, depending on the relative values of the flow speed and the appropriate speed of propagation of magnetoacoustic disturbances. The methods used and the physical interpretation of the solutions obtained vary according to the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the flow direction. The results of the theory are explained in terms of the anisotropic propagation of magnetoacoustic pulses studied previously by several authors.
Internal friction peaks due to oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen in vanadium-niobium (V-Nb) alloys

Richter's and Snoek's original works established the existence of an anelastic relaxation produced by a stress-induced interstitial reorientation in body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals. This anelastic relaxation, now referred to as a Snoek peak, has been studied extensively and well characterized in the past for the interstitials carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The existence of a hydrogen Snoek peak in bcc metals has been a matter of some controversy, however. We have studied relaxation peaks in vanadium, niobium, and vanadium-niobium (V-Nb) alloys recently. The alloys have complete mutual solubility and are of interest since they have an extremely high room temperature solid solubility for hydrogen. They also have, over a certain composition range, not shown any hydride phase precipitation at temperatures as low as 4 K. Thus, if a hydrogen Snoek peak does exist, it should be found in such alloys. Indeed there is evidence now of a spectrum of hydrogen relaxation peaks below room temperature. Furthermore, due to the difference in the atomic radii of vanadium and niobium, there is a large misfit in dilute alloys of these elements. This and possibly some chemical interaction can cause trapping (or antitrapping) of the interstitials at the substitutional sites, causing solute-interstitial peaks. The present paper provides an overview of our observations regarding: (1) the effect of hydrogen on the oxygen and nitrogen Snoek peaks in pure vanadium and niobium, (2) the oxygen relaxation peaks in V-Nb alloys, (3) the hydrogen relaxation spectrum in V-Nb alloys, and (4) the effect of oxygen on the hydrogen relaxation spectrum in V-Nb alloys.
Declension hopping in dialectal Croatian: Two predictions of frequency

Considering that analogy relies on connections drawn by the speaker between two lexical items, and thus its domain is the lexicon, we should not be surprised that frequency affects morphological change. Many theories of the lexicon and lexical access have incorporated frequency effects and historical linguistics has recognised that language change, and especially analogy, is strongly affected by social and other extralinguistic factors. In short, the experience of the speaker and the generalisations that that speaker makes cannot be separated. And while frequency has often been incorporated into theories of language change, only the broad implications of frequency have, in general, been investigated.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention and Feedback to Infectious Disease Specialists: A Case Study in High-Dose Daptomycin

Infectious Diseases specialists have used high-dose daptomycin (≥6 mg/kg/day) in select patients with difficult to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infections to optimize outcomes. Antimicrobial stewardship programs enforce antimicrobial formulary restrictions; however, interventions specifically aimed at Infectious Disease specialists can be particularly challenging. The purpose of this study was to create a high-dose daptomycin algorithm for Infectious Disease specialists that are consistent with best-practices. Daptomycin prescribing habits pre- and post-daptomycin algorithm implementation were evaluated using a quasi-experimental study design. Patients were included if ≥18 years of age and received daptomycin for ≥48 h. Patients were excluded if daptomycin was initiated on an outpatient setting. During the 12-month pre-intervention phase, 112 patients were included, with 73 patients in the 12-month post-intervention phase. A statistically significant decrease in the mean daptomycin dose from 9.01 mg/kg to 7.51 mg/kg (p < 0.005) was observed, resulting in an annual drug cost-savings of over $75,000 without adversely affecting readmission rates due to infection. Creation of a daptomycin algorithm with consideration of pathogen, disease state, and prior treatment, is an effective means of influencing prescribing habits of Infectious Disease specialists.
The First Circle and the Second Government: Solzhenitsyn's Hierarchy of Freedom

In The First Circle, Innokenty Volodin tells his brother-in-law, Nikolai Galakhov, a writer, that "the writer is a teacher of the people," and that "a great writer is, so to speak, a second government." This is a conviction Solzhenitsyn himself believed deeply, as evidenced by his own life and works. But just how is a great writer a "second government"? Unlike a formal or an official government, which works primarily in the realm of action and behavior and with little regard to the individual person, a great writer affects the soul - the thoughts, passions and characteristics - of individuals. This distinction is also reflected in the fact that formal governments are institutions, while writers are persons. With his keen intellect, his immense capacity for sympathy and suffering, and through his experiences in the Soviet Union's totalitarian regime, Solzhenitsyn saw more clearly than any other writer that a formal government is only as good as the persons who are its leaders and its citizens. The soul is logically prior to the state, and a formal government is only as good as the souls of its members. Thus, there is a heirachy of freedom and justice that begins with the souls of persons. It is upon the soul that a great writer works.
High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of cholesterol linoleate hydroperoxide in oxidized low density lipoproteins: calibration by conjugated diene internal standard.

The cholesterol linoleate hydroperoxides formed in LDL after oxidant stress are measured by HPLC, with UV detection at 234 nm. Calibration is performed with a conjugated diene internal standard. This internal standard is synthesized by the transesterification of the methyl ester of conjugated diene linoleic acid with a long-chain alochol, such as arachidyl alcohol (C20). Different long-chain alcohols can be used during the transesterification, to achieve internal standards with variable HPLC retention times. The method allows measurement of cholesterol linoleate hydroperoxide in LDL very early during attack with Cu2+ or other initiator, so that the kinetics of antioxidant loss and hydroperoxide formation can be concurrently monitored.
Racing Forward: The Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act

A key section was eliminated from a bill supporting research and development in pharmacogenomics.
Maternal nutrient restriction affects properties of skeletal muscle in offspring

Maternal nutrient restriction (NR) affects fetal development with long-term consequences on postnatal health of offspring, including predisposition to obesity and diabetes. Most studies have been conducted in fetuses in late gestation, and little information is available on the persistent impact of NR from early to mid-gestation on properties of offspring skeletal muscle, which was the aim of this study. Pregnant ewes were subjected to 50% NR from day 28–78 of gestation and allowed to deliver. The longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled from 8-month-old offspring. Maternal NR during early to mid-gestation decreased the number of myofibres in the offspring and increased the ratio of myosin IIb to other isoforms by 17.6 ± 4.9% (P < 0.05) compared with offspring of ad libitum fed ewes. Activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, a key enzyme controlling fatty acid oxidation, was reduced by 24.7 ± 4.5% (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle of offspring of NR ewes and would contribute to increased fat accumulation observed in offspring of NR ewes. Intramuscular triglyceride content (IMTG) was increased in skeletal muscle of NR lambs, a finding which may be linked to predisposition to diabetes in offspring of NR mothers, since enhanced IMTG predisposes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated downregulation of several catabolic enzymes in 8-month-old offspring of NR ewes. These data demonstrate that the early to mid-gestation period is important for skeletal muscle development. Impaired muscle development during this stage of gestation affects the number and composition of fibres in offspring which may lead to long-term physiological consequences, including predisposition to obesity and diabetes.
An Intermediate Term Strategy for Deployment of Mobile Laser Stations

It is expected that an initial program of field testing within the U.S. will follow the completion of the first mobile lunar laser ranging station (MLLRS). This program will be designed to test the operational readiness of the station and the accuracy of the technique by direct comparison with measurements obtained by other methods (VLBI and LGEOS) over common baselines. If the McDonald-Goldstone, and McDonald-Haystack baselines are chosen for this purpose, the MLLRS will operate first at McDonald Observatory, West Texas, followed by Goldstone, California, and Westford, Massachusetts. Following these measurements, the authors suggest that the highest priority be given to (1) measurement of plate movements relevant to major earthquakes that may affect the United States; and (2) intraplate distortion of the North American plate. Toward these objectives, additional sites suggested are Baja, California; California-Oregon border; Fairbanks, Alaska; and a mid-continent (U.S. or Canadian) site. Finally, the intermediate term strategy should include sites spanning zones across which the most rapid convergence and divergence are inferred, to provide the earliest possible test of current geodynamical models. Two groups of sites are suggested: (1) Santiago, Easter Islands, and Tahiti; and (2) Galapagos Is., Cocos Is., and Guatemala City or Tegucigalpa. The first group spans the Peru-Chile trench (convergence zone) and the East Pacific rise (spreading center), where the highest ratios of relative movement are inferred. The second group of sites would provide data on the movement of the Cocos plate relative to the Nazca, Caribbean, and North American plates.
Social Skills, Social Support, and Psychological Distress: A Test of the Social Skills Deficit Vulnerability Model

The social skills deficit vulnerability model predicts that poor social skills minimize opportunities to acquire social support, in turn, leading to the proliferation of psychological distress. This prediction was tested in a 2-wave longitudinal study that assessed 211 emerging adults at Time 1 (T1), with a 70% response rate 1 year later at Time 2 (T2). The results indicated that, after controlling for psychological distress at T1, social skills at T1 had an indirect effect on lower psychological distress at T2, through higher social support. Thus, people with poor social skills may be vulnerable to the development of psychological distress because they have less access the protective effects of social support.