cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron energy-loss study of the Bi 2 CaSr 2 Cu 2 O 8 superconductor

Using energy-loss spectroscopy of photoelectrons from a single crystal of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaSr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, we show that the electronic structure of the near-surface region is the same as that of the bulk. Utilizing the fact that photoelectrons of different elements are excited at different locations in the unit cell, we identify the energy-loss features as due to valence plasmon excitations, and one-electron excitations by comparing the photoelectron energy-loss spectra of the different elements.
Analysis of effectiveness of human U-500 insulin in patients unresponsive to conventional insulin therapy.

Objective: To present a retrospective analysis of the effects of human U-500 insulin in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Methods: Medical records of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes who had received U-500 insulin for at least 6 months were reviewed to determine glycemic control before and after this therapy. Human regular U-500 insulin therapy was initiated at a unit dosage equivalent to the previous standard insulin dosage. Comparisons of hemoglobin A1c levels, insulin doses, and body mass index at baseline and 6 months after changing to U-500 insulin therapy were analyzed. Results: In the 10 female and 10 male study subjects, the mean (±SD) hemoglobin A1c level was 9.59 ± 1.37% initially, and it decreased to 8.53 ± 1.11% at 3 months and to 7.83 ± 1.26% at 6 months after initiation of U-500 insulin therapy. In comparison with baseline, these decreases were statistically significant. The amount of insulin used and the body mass index did not change significantly from baseline to 6 ...
Influence of wheel speed on surface finish and chip geometry in precision contour grinding

Abstract A geometric computer model of a precision grinding operation was developed to calculate the surface features generated during contour grinding with a radiused wheel. This simulation includes the influence of the wheel (rotational speed, diameter, and nose radius), the workpiece (radius at cutting point, rotational speed), and the feedrate of the grinding wheel over the part. The model indicates that small changes in the wheel speed relative to the workpiece can have a dramatic effect on the surface finish over a specific area. Analysis of ground surfaces reveals uniform surface profiles and easily distinguished features that could only be produced by a constant wheel speed. This occurs for an air-bearing, air-turbude grinding spindle that has limited torque and is driven under open-loop control. The effects of the relative speeds are analyzed and an energy-based “phase locking” mechanism is proposed that can provide feedback to the grinding spindle from the material removal operation. By monitoring the spindle speeds during the grinding process and evaluating the resulting surface features, the phase effect has been experimentally verified.
Storing Peanuts in Trailer-Sized Containers1

Abstract A containerized handling system is envisioned whereby peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are placed in containers in the field and remain in these containers until they are shelled. This would reduce the foreign material, loose shelled kernels, and pod damage that result from handling as peanuts move through the buying point and into storage. Two naturally ventilated containers (half-trailer size) were stored in 1993. One container had a shed cover and the other an A-frame cover. In 1994 four containers were stored, two with shed covers and two with A-frame covers. One shed and one A-frame had a 1.7 m3/min fan that operated daily between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. Top layer peanuts were at 12% moisture content at the beginning of storage in 1993 and ranged 10 to 11% moisture content after 16 wk. In 1994, the peanuts were over-dried and top layer peanuts entered storage at 6% moisture content. After 12 wk, moisture content was 7%. No mold growth or quality degradation was observed either year. The...
Lookahead lr parsing with regular right part grammars

This paper proposes a simple method for the application of a general model for lookahead parsing to regular right part grammars (RRPG's). Previous approaches have been limited to single LR grammar classes:LR(k) and LALR(k), for example. The present approach, however, makes several simple modifications to a general model of lookahead LR parsing, partitioning RRPG's into a infinite number of LR grammar classes.
Fuel Cell Geared in Reverse: Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using a TiO2/Nafion/Pt Membrane Assembly with No Applied Bias

A polymer membrane electrode assembly (MEA) consisting of a TiO2 photoanode, a Pt cathode, and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) was constructed to generate hydrogen continuously under UV excitation with no applied bias. The acidified methanol is oxidized at the UV-irradiated TiO2 photocatalyst, and H+ ions are driven to the Pt cathode surface through the Nafion membrane. Photocurrent generation of 0.34 mA/cm2 under UV irradiation (λ > 300 nm) shows effective operation of the fuel cell in reverse for solar hydrogen production. A polarization curve of the photoelectrolysis cell exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.5 V and a maximum power of 45 μW/cm2. The reduction of H+ at a Pt cathode under no applied bias was confirmed from the evolution of H2 gas with a rate of 69 μL h−1 cm−2.
A two-process implicit enumeration algorithm for the simple assembly line balancing problem

Abstract We present an implicit-enumeration algorithm for the simple assembly line balancing problem, with the objective of minimizing the number of stations along the line for a fixed cycle time. The algorithm traverses two branch-and-bound trees, one assigning tasks that appear earlier in the precedence network at lower levels of the tree, the other assigning later tasks at lower levels. The two processes alternately expand nodes of their respective trees, and share information about each other's progress in the form of global bounds. Computational results are reported on several well-known problems from the literature.
Substance Abuse among Professionals: Limited Research on Substance-Abusing Social Workers

Professionals throughout America work to reduce the number of drug abusers in our society. Drug abuse is a very familiar topic that receives a great deal of attention from the media and health care organizations. The information provided in this paper emphasizes the lack of attention that professionals receive as they struggle with substance abuse. This paper focuses on studies and the lack of research pertaining to the treatment of social work professionals with drug abuse problems. Implications for practice and recommendations are provided.
Phospholipase A activities in embryonic palate mesenchyme cells in vitro.

Abstract 1. 1. Incubation of palate mesenchyme cells in vitro in the presence of [3H]arachidonate and [14C]palmitate resulted in incorporation of radiolabel into all major families of phospholipids. Almost all (more than 90%) of the 3H and about one-half of the 14C in the phospholipids were in the sn-2 position. The [14C] fatty acid in the sn-2 position was saturate. 2. 2. When I14C]stearate was added to the culture medium with [3H]arachidonate, 30–40% of the total 14C in phospholipids was in the sn-2 position. 80% of the 14C in the sn-2 position was found in unsaturated fatty acids. 3. 3. Hydrolysis of phospholipids could be demonstrated at acid, neutral and alkaline pH. Calcium stimulated phospholipase activity at neutral and alkaline pH, but inhibited hydrolytic activity at acid pH. 4. 4. Radiolabeled lysophospholipid indicative of phospholipase A; activities accumulated at acid pH, whereas little, if any, radiolabeled lysophospholipids accumulated at neutral and alkaline pH. Quantitative analysis revealed the production of some lysophosphatidylethanolamine at alkaline pH.
Local Effect of Solid Missiles on Concrete Structures

The appropriateness of the National Defense Research Council (NDRC) equations for penetration and back-face scabbing thicknesses are reevaluated using presently available test results. A nondimensional impact factor is introduced to improve the predictability of these equations. Penetration depths are estimated using NDRC, statistical NDRC, and the proposed Haldar equations. Although the NDRC equations predict the penetration depths for bullets reasonably well, they fail to do so for large missiles. The Haldar penetration equations are found to predict the penetration depths for all types of missiles. A similar relationship is proposed to estimate the scabbing depth directly by using the impact factor. However, this relationship is developed using only bullet data. For most large turbine missiles, the scabbing thicknesses need to be estimated indirectly using the information on the penetration depth. The applicability of the proposed penetration and scabbing thicknesses to large turbine missiles such as those postulated by the General Electric Corp. and Westinghouse, are discussed. The coefficients of variation for the estimation of penetration and scabbing thicknesses are large in all cases. Thus, in any probabilistic formulation like the one used for turbine missiles, they should be considered probabilistically.
A command structure for complex information processing

The general purpose digital computer, by virtue of its large capacity and general-purpose nature, has opened the possibility of research, into the nature of complex mechanisms per se. The challenge is obvious: humans carry out information processing of a complexity that is truly baffling. Given the urge to understand either how humans do it, or alternatively, what kinds of mechanisms might accomplish the same tasks, the computer is turned to as a basic research tool. The varieties of complex information processing will be understood when they can be synthesized: when mechanisms can be created that perform the same processes.
Freeze-fracture studies on mitochondria from wild-type and respiratory-deficient yeasts

Abstract The phenomenon of respiratory deficiency in yeasts brought about by loss or alteration of mitochondrial DNA results in functionally-deficient membranes lacking oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, several respiratory enzyme activities, and the spectral components of cytochromes a, a3, b and c1. Since all of the activities catalyzed by these components are associated with high molecular weight membrane protein complexes, it was important to determine how loss of these functions affects membrane structure. Mitochondria from respiratory-deficient yeast without mitochondrial DNA and from wild-type cells have been compared with respect to enzyme activity, fatty acid composition and membrane structure. Respiratory deficiency and loss of oligomycinsensitive ATPase were not accompanied by any significant change in fatty acid composition. Examination of isolated mitochondrial preparations by freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed: (a) the isolated preparations from wild type or mutants without DNA were intact; (b) the fracture faces and structural organization of yeast membranes are similar to those seen in mammalian liver and heart mitochondria; (c) the organization of the membranes in the mutant without DNA and in the wild-type cells did not differ significantly as determined by quantitative evaluation of the size, clustering or distribution of membrane particles. It must therefore be concluded that the severe loss of membrane-associated enzyme activities is very likely not accompanied by a corresponding loss of structural components or by an alteration in the way they are organized in the membrane.
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for the genetics of local adaptation

A new study reports SNP genotypes of over 1,300 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from throughout Eurasia, providing a resource for genome-wide association studies and studies of local adaptation. The extensive data are also used to identify targets of natural selection and to describe genome-wide patterns of recombination.
Categorizing entities by common role

Many categories group together entities that play a common role across situations. For example, guest and host refer to complementary roles in visiting situations and, thus, are role-governed categories (A. B. Markman & Stilwell, Journal of Experiment & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 13, 329-358, 2001). However, categorizing an entity by role is one of many possible classification strategies. This article examines factors that promote role-governed categorization over thematic-relation-based categorization (Lin & Murphy, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 3-28, 2001). In Experiments 1a and 1b, we demonstrate that the use of novel category labels facilitates role-governed categorization. In Experiments 2a and 2b, we demonstrate that analogical comparison facilitates role-governed categorization. In Experiments 1b and 2b, we show that these facilitatory factors induce a general sensitivity to role information, as opposed to only promoting role-governed categorization on an item-by-item basis.
A non-radical chain mechanism for oxygen atom transfer with a thiorhenium(V) catalyst.

The compound MeRe(S)(mtp)(PPh3), 2, where mtpH2 is 2-(mercaptomethyl)thiophenol, was used to catalyze the reaction between pyridine N-oxides, PyO, and triphenylphosphine. The rate law is −d[PyO]/dt = kc‘[2]·[PyO]1/2, with kc‘ at 25.0 °C in benzene = 0.68 (4-picoline N-oxide) and 3.5 × 10-3 dm3/2 mol-1/2 s-1 (4-NO2-pyridine N-oxide). A chain mechanism with three steady-state thiorhenium species as chain carriers is implicated.
Expression of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Effect of environmental lighting conditions

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the anatomical substrate for the principal circadian clock coordinating daily rhythms in a vast array of behavioral and physiological responses. Individual SCN neurons are cellular oscillators and are organized into a multi-oscillator network following unique spatiotemporal patterns. The rhythms generated in the SCN are generally entrained to the environmental light dark cycle, which is the most salient cue influencing the network organization of the SCN. The neural network in the SCN is a heterogeneous structure, containing two major compartments identified by applying physiological and functional criteria, namely the retinorecipient core region and the highly rhythmic shell region. Changes in the environmental lighting condition are first detected and processed by the core region, and then conveyed to the rest of the SCN, leading to adaptive responses of the entire network. This review will focus on the studies that explore the responses of the SCN network by examining the expression of clock genes, under various lighting paradigms, such as acute light exposure, lighting schedules or exposure to different light durations. The results will be discussed under the framework of functionally distinct SCN sub regions and oscillator groups. The evidence presented here suggests that the environmental lighting conditions alter the spatiotemporal organization of the cellular oscillators within the SCN, which consequently affect the overt rhythms in behavior and physiology. Thus, information on how the SCN network elements respond to environmental cues is key to understanding the human health problems that stem from circadian rhythm disruption.
Signaling for death of lymphoid cells.

The induction of programmed cell death in lymphocytes is a common response to a wide variety of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. While there is still much to be learned about the transmembrane signals that lead to programmed cell death, progress has been made in identifying new cell surface molecules (e.g. APO-1/Fas) that may regulate the physiological induction of lymphocyte death, molecules whose expression inhibits apoptosis (e.g. Bcl-2), and the antagonism of activation-induced cell death in T-cell hybridomas and thymocytes by members of the steroid receptor superfamily.
O6-3-[131I]iodobenzylguanine: improved synthesis and further evaluation of a potential agent for imaging of alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.

O6-Benzylguanine derivatives with suitable radionuclides attached to the benzyl ring are potentially useful in the noninvasive imaging of the DNA repair protein, alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Previously, O6-3-[131I]iodobenzylguanine ([131I]IBG) was prepared using a two-step approach; we now report its synthesis in a single step by the radioiododestannylation of O6-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzylguanine in 85−95% radiochemical yield. The in vitro specific uptake of [131I]IBG in DAOY human medulloblastoma cells, in TE-671 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells and a CHO cell line transfected to express AGT was linear (r2 = 0.9−1.0) as a function of cell density. After intravenous injection of [131I]IBG in athymic mice bearing TE-671 xenografts, tumor uptake was 1.38 ± 0.34% ID/g at 0.5 h and declined at 2 and 4 h. Preadministration of O6-(3-iodobenzyl)guanine (IBG) at 0.5 h increased uptake not only in tumor but also in several normal tissues. Notable exceptions were thyroid (p < 0.05), lung (p <0.05) and stoma...
The Vector Magnetic Fields and Thermodynamics of Sunspot Light Bridges: The Case for Field-free Disruptions in Sunspots

We present observations with the Advanced Stokes Polarimeter of 11 light bridges in sunspots of various ages and sizes, all very close to disk center. Full vector spectropolarimetry and a nonlinear least-squares inversion algorithm allows us to determine not only the vector magnetic field in the bridges and host sunspots but also thermodynamic parameters such as continuum brightness, Doppler shifts, Doppler widths, opacity ratio, and the source function parameters. We can also separate the magnetic and nonmagnetic components of the spectral signal within each resolution element. We find that there is a disruption of the magnetic fields in light bridges, relative both to neighboring umbrae and to normal, undisturbed penumbrae. This change takes the form of lower intrinsic field strength and sparser, more horizontal fields in the bridges relative to umbrae. The magnetic fields in the bridges remain more vertically oriented, however, than those in undisturbed penumbra. There are systematic upflows observed in the bridge plasma relative to the neighboring umbrae, and the evidence points toward a component that is heated and departs from radiative equilibrium. In four cases, we follow a light bridge over several days and find that as the bridges age, they grow wider and brighter, the fields weaken and become sparser, and the heating increases. We also find some evidence that the magnetic field begins to reorganize itself to accommodate the (now) two azimuth centers before there are strong signals of a light bridge in the thermodynamic parameters. This paper presents the first systematic look at sunspot light bridges with full vector polarimetry and thermodynamic determination. The results show that there is an intrusion of field-free, possibly convective material into an otherwise stable, magnetic sunspot. The departure from stability is seen in the magnetic field orientation prior to its appearance in continuum intensity, and the effects of this disruption are evident beyond the immediate umbral intrusion. The results do not unambiguously determine the physical mechanism that makes sunspots disappear. However, it strongly points toward a ropelike magnetic structure through which convection may penetrate when the magnetic fibrils separate or around which field-free plasma may flow. The appearance of field-free heated material is likely an effect, not the cause, of the sunspot light bridges.
Nonindependence of Feature Processing in Initial Consonants

Mutual dependence in the processing of manner and place of articulation was investigated in two experiments. The first study assessed the location of the voiced-voiceless boundary as a function of ...
FT-IRAS of adsorbed alkoxides: ethoxides on Cu(111)

Abstract The Fourier-transform infrared reflection adsorption spectra (FT-IRAS) are presented for a set of deuterium-labelled ethoxides on Cu(111). Stable ethoxides are formed by deprotonation of the corresponding ethanols on the preoxidized Cu(111) surface. Comparison of the ethoxide vibrational spectra with those of gas phase ethanols and multilayer ethanols on Cu(111) allowed a detailed assignment of the ethoxide spectra. The surface selection rules for IRAS were used to determine the average orientation of the adsorbed ethoxide. Comparing the spectra of ethoxide and the deuterated ethoxides in the CD and CH stretch regions shows the presence of a weak asymmetric methylene group stretch ( ν a (CH 2 )) and a loss in intensity of the symmetric methyl group stretch ( ν a (CH 3 )) with respect to the same mode in the multilayer. These FT-IRAS results indicate that ethoxide has the C 3v axis of the methyl group, and hence the CC bond, oriented roughly parallel with the surface, and the plane of the molecule, defined by the CCO atoms, tilted away from the surface normal.
ON THE PERMEABILITY OF ELECTROLYTES THROUGH BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES.

Abstract Starting from the statistical mechanical expression for the mean force acting on a molecule in a multi-component system, the permeability and reflection coefficients of transport of a simple electrolyte across a biological membrane is rigorously derived. We made use of electroneutrality, vanishing net electric current density and equation of conservation. The final expressions contain concentration terms explicitly as in the case of non-electrolytes.
“CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW…” A COMPUTER-ASSISTED CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE DECISIONS OF JUSTICE WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS ON THE ISSUES OF OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY

(1977). “CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW…” A COMPUTER-ASSISTED CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE DECISIONS OF JUSTICE WILLIAM O. DOUGLAS ON THE ISSUES OF OBSCENITY AND PORNOGRAPHY. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 91-101.
Annexin I Is an Endogenous Ligand that Mediates Apoptotic Cell Engulfment

Engulfment of apoptotic cells requires presentation of new cell surface ligands by the dying cells. Using a differential proteomics technology, we identify that annexin I is a caspase-dependent engulfment ligand; it is recruited from the cytosol and exported to the outer plasma membrane leaflet, colocalizes with phosphatidylserine, and is required for efficient clearance of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) clustering around apoptotic cells indicates a requirement for annexin I. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, downregulation of the annexin homolog prevents efficient engulfment of pharyngeal cell corpses. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into how apoptotic cells are removed and may explain a pathogenic mechanism of chronic inflammatory diseases where annexin I autoantibodies have been described.
Halothane and isoflurane alter acetylcholine activated ion channel kinetics

Abstract The effects of halothane and isoflurane on the acetylcholine activated ion channel were studied in the frog sartorius muscle using the two electrode voltage clamp technique. The miniature end-plate currents (MEPCs) were recorded and evaluated for amplitude, duration of growth phase and time constant of decay (τ). Both halothane and isoflurane decreased τ in a dose dependent manner. Depression of current amplitude was also dose dependent. The ED50 value indicates τ is more affected than the amplitude of MEPC. Biexponential decay phases were seen in a small fraction of cells exposed to a low concentration of halothane but not isoflurane. Biexponential decay, when seen, was more prominent at less negative clamped membrane potential. The normal linear relationship between membrane potential and τ was not altered by anesthetics.
Short-term outcomes for super-super obese (BMI ≥60 kg/m2) patients undergoing weight loss surgery at a high-volume bariatric surgery center: laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic gastric bypass, and open tubular gastric bypass

Abstract Background We previously reported significantly longer operating room times and a trend toward increased complications and mortality in the super-super obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥60 kg/m 2 ) early in our experience with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The goal of this study was to re-examine the short-term outcomes for super-super obese patients undergoing weight loss surgery at our high-volume bariatric surgery center well beyond our learning curve. Methods The records for all patients who had undergone weight loss surgery at Hackensack University Medical Center from 2002 to June 2006 were harvested from the hospital's electronic medical database. This population was analyzed as 2 groups (those with a BMI 2 and those with a BMI ≥60 kg/m 2 ), as well as by type of operation. Step-wise and univariate logistic regression analyses assessed the effect of BMI on the outcome variables, including mortality, length of surgery, length of hospital stay, and disposition at discharge. Results A total of 3692 patients were studied. Of these patients, 3401 had a BMI 2 and 291 had a BMI ≥60 kg/m 2 . Of the 291 super-super obese patients, 130 underwent vertical banded gastroplasty–Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 116 laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and 45 laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The proportion of male patients, black patients, and patients with sleep apnea was increased in the BMI ≥60 kg/m 2 group. The number of co-morbid diseases per patient correlated with age but not BMI. The BMI ≥60 kg/m 2 group required a significantly longer total operating room time (136 versus 120 min). Hospital length of stay was significantly longer only in the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients (3 d for the BMI ≥60 kg/m 2 group versus 2 d for the BMI 2 group). A significantly greater percentage of patients in the super-super obese group were discharged to chronic care facilities. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 0.15% (5 of 3692) but did not significantly differ between the 2 groups: BMI 2 , rate of 0.12% (4 of 3401 patients), and BMI ≥60 kg/m 2 , rate of 0.34% (1 of 291 patients). The type of operation did not significantly affect the disposition at discharge or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Super-super obese patients required longer total operating room times, a longer hospital length of stay, and were more likely to be discharged to chronic care facilities than were patients with a BMI 2 ; however, the in-hospital mortality was similar for both groups.
Connecting the micro to the mesoscale: review and specific examples

Historically, dislocation are thought of and treated as dual objects. The large lattice distortions inside the core region warrant an atomistic treatment, whereas the slightly distorted crystal outside of the core is well represented within a linear elastic framework. Continuum dislocation theory is powerful and elegant. Yet, it is unable to fully account for the structural differentiation of dislocation behavior, say, within the same crystallography class. The source of these structural variations is mostly in the dislocation core (see [1] for an excellent review).
Higher-level RLT or disjunctive cuts based on a partial enumeration strategy for 0-1 mixed-integer programs

In this paper, we consider the generation of disjunctive cuts for 0-1 mixed-integer programs by conducting a partial exploration of the branch-and-bound tree using quick Lagrangian primal and dual updates. We analyze alternative cut generation strategies based on formulating different disjunctions and adopting various choices of normalization techniques, and indicate how these inequalities can also be generated using a projection from a related high-order lifted formulation obtained via the Reformulation-Linearization Technique of Sherali and Adams. We conclude by presenting a brief computational study that motivates the potential benefits of this procedure.
Isopropyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl samarium chemistry: structural studies of divalent (C5Me4iPr)2Sm(THF) and mixed valent [(C5Me4iPr)2Sm]2(μ-Cl)

Abstract The isopropyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl samarium complexes (C5Me4iPr)2Sm(THF), 1, and [(C5Me4iPr)2Sm]2(μ-Cl), 2, have been isolated and structurally characterized. Divalent 1 crystallizes from hot toluene as a monosolvate in space group P3121 with a=b=15.494(2) A, c=9.7724(7) A, α=β=90°, γ=120°, V=2031.6(5) A3 and Dcalcd=1.346 g⧹cm3, Z=3 and T=163 K. 1 has a 141.6° ring centroid–Sm–ring centroid angle and an average Sm–C distance of 2.80(3) A. 2 crystallizes from hot toluene in space group P1 with a=9.616(2) A, b=15.479(2) A, c=17.844(1) A, α=111.671(4)°, β=93.488(8)°, γ=107.494(9)°, V=2309.3(5) A3 and Dcalcd=1.423 g⧹cm3, Z=2 and T=163 K. The two bent metallocene units in 2 are connected by an asymmetrical chloride bridge which has a 169.88(4)° Sm(1)–Cl–Sm(2) angle and 2.678(1) A Sm(1)–Cl and 2.891(1) A Sm(2)–Cl distances. The 2.69(2) A average Sm(1)–C(C5Me4iPr) distance is characteristic of Sm(III) and the 2.80(2) A average Sm(2)–C(C5Me4iPr) distance is characteristic of Sm(II).
The Mono Arch, eastern Sierra region, California: dynamic topography associated with upper-mantle upwelling?

A broad, topographic flexure localized east of and over the central and southern Sierra Nevada, herein named the Mono Arch, apparently represents crustal response to lithospheric and/or upper-mantle processes, probably dominated by mantle upwelling within the continental interior associated Pacific–North American plate-boundary deformation. This zone of flexure is identified through comparison between the topographic characteristics of the active Cascade volcanic arc and backarc regions with the analogous former arc and backarc in the Sierra Nevada and eastern Sierra Nevada. Serial topographic profiles measured normal to the modern Cascade backarc reveal an accordance of topographic lows defined by valley floors with an average minimum elevation of ∼1400–1500 m for over 175 km to the southeast. Although the accordance drops in elevation slightly to the south, the modern Cascade backarc region is remarkably level, and is characterized by relief up to ∼750 m above this baseline elevation. By contrast, seria...
Radiative corrections to Higgs boson production

Abstract We calculate the O(αs3) radiative corrections to Higgs boson production in hadronic colliders in the infinite top-quark mass limit. Our calculation is valid for energy scales and Higgs boson masses which are much less than the top-quark mass. The contributions from the gg → HX, q q → H, qg → qH and q g → q H subprocesses are included.
Tasking with out-of-order spawn in TLS chip multiprocessors: microarchitecture and compilation

Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) are flexible, high-frequency platforms on which to support Thread-Level Speculation (TLS). However, for TLS to deliver on its promise, CMPs must exploit multiple sources of speculative task-level parallelism, including any nesting levels of both subroutines and loop iterations. Unfortunately, these environments are hard to support in decentralized CMP hardware: since tasks are spawned out-of-order and unpredictably, maintaining key TLS basics such as task ordering and efficient resource allocation is challenging.While the concept of out-of-order spawning is not new, this paper is the first to propose a set of microarchitectural mechanisms that, altogether, fundamentally enable fast TLS with out-of-order spawn in a CMP. Moreover, we develop a fully-automated TLS compiler for aggressive out-of-order spawn. With our mechanisms, a TLS CMP with four 4-issue cores achieves an average speedup of 1.30 for full SPECint 2000 applications; the corresponding speedup for in-order only spawn is 1.04. Overall, our mechanisms unlock the potential of TLS for the toughest applications.
Curriculum Change: What Are the Ingredients?

Education is at a crisis point, this author warns, and principals cannot afford to turn their heads away from what needs to be done: improving the quality of their school curricula. Having worked with J. Lloyd Trump in NASSP's Model Schools Project, he points out that the evidence shows administrators and teachers must work together to bring about meaningful change.
Myelin-associated changes in mouse brain following irradiation.

Abstract The goals of this study were to quantify myelin-associated changes in the brain following single doses of radiation and to determine their relationship to the dose limits that this tissue can tolerate. Mice developed a transient loss of balance 1 month after 60 Gy doses 250 kV p X-rays to the brain and 3–4 months after 30–45 Gy radiation, but not after lower doses. The symptoms were transient and lasted ∼ 1 month. The ED50300 for radiation-induced brain death, which occurred largely between 200 and 240 days, was 32.4 Gy (29.1, 35.5 Gy, 95% confidence limit of mean). At the time that animals developed neurological symptoms, 3–4 months after irradiation with doses of 30–45 Gy, biochemical assays of myelin-associated proteins showed decreases in 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase (CNPase) and myelin basic protein (MBP) levels that were not seen with lower radiation doses. By 120–180 days, further dose-dependent decreases in both CNPase and MBP levels were found after 20–45 Gy irradiation that preceded and correlated with death. The correlation of the decrease in CNPase and MBP levels with the incidence of transient neurological malfunction and animal death, together with histological evidence, suggests that demyelination is responsible for these phenomena.
Structural insights into lesion recognition and repair by the bacterial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase MutM.

MutM is a bacterial 8-oxoguanine glycosylase responsible for initiating base-excision repair of oxidized guanine residues in DNA. Here we report five different crystal structures of MutM–DNA complexes that represent different steps of the repair reaction cascade catalyzed by the protein and also differ in the identity of the base opposite the lesion (the 'estranged' base). These structures reveal that the MutM active site performs the multiple steps of base-excision and 3′ and 5′ nicking with minimal rearrangement of the DNA backbone.
SnO 2 capacitive sensor integrated with microstrip patch antenna for passive wireless detection of ethylene gas

A capacitive gas sensor using tin oxide (SnO 2 ) nanoparticles has been integrated with a microstrip patch antenna for detecting ethylene gas emanated from climacteric fruits. The decrease in sensor capacitance owing to the presence of ethylene (0-100 ppm) changes the antenna resonant frequency and return loss (by 7 MHz and 9.5 dB) which can be monitored wirelessly.
Nonrandom distribution of structural mutants in ethylnitrosourea-treated cultured human lymphoblastoid cells.

Abstract Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to detect somatic cell gene mutations altering protein structure, following ethylnitrosourea treatment of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells. A total of 267 polypeptides encoded by 263 loci were scored in a series of 1143 lymphoblastoid clones. Sixty-five electrophoretic mutants were detected at a total of 49 loci. Sixteen of the 65 mutations were phenotypically repeat mutations, occurring at 11 loci. Furthermore, structural mutations occurred more frequently at loci known to be polymorphic. These results provide evidence that the mutations that are detectable at the protein level by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis do not occur at random and that their frequency is greater among polymorphic loci.
Binding of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid to viable pulmonary macrophages

Abstract 1. 1. The fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, has been used to study binding properties of viable pulmonary macrophages. 2. 2. When a suspension of macrophages was added to a solution of the probe, enhanced fluorescence, accompanied by a hypsochromic shift of the emission maximum was observed. Double reciprocal plots of fluorescence intensity vs macrophage plasma membrane protein concentration resulted in straight lines. Binding values have been calculated from the double reciprocal plot data using the Klotz equation, and studied as a function of probe concentration. 3. 3. Studies indicate it is unlikely that within 10 min and at low concentration, the fluorescent probe enters into the cytoplasm to any appreciable extent. Therefore, the probe is bound primarily to the plasma membrane at these low concentrations. 4. 4. High concentrations of the probe had an adverse effect on macrophage viability which is interpreted as being due to leakage of the probe into the cells. 5. 5. Binding parameters at low concentrations of the probe differ from those found using high concentrations. These differences are attributed to interaction of the probe with intracellular proteins when using high concentrations.
A contingency perspective on effective prototyping

Current demands on prototyping emphasize increasingly complex and dynamic applications that require sophisticated social mechanism and process enablers. However, much of the emphasis placed today in systems development under prototyping focuses on the supporting technology. The imbalance between product and process perspectives under this approach is explored. A view of prototyping effectiveness is presented in terms of non-linear problem solving, adequate technical and procedural solutions, and organizational support. Implications of this view are presented on the selection of prototyping techniques and on project management concerns. Future developments in prototyping practice are explored.
Sklare memorial lecture, 1997 the ethnography of diaspora; studying syrian jewry

Le but de cet article/conference est de rendre hommage a Marshall Sklare, pionnier de l'etude sociologique des Juifs americains, ainsi qu'a deux autres auteurs : l'un, Raphael Patai, pour son etude sur les Juifs du Moyen Orient; l'autre, Joseph A. D. Sutton, pour son travail sur les Juifs de Syrie. Dans cet article, l'A. esquisse l'histoire de son etude des Juifs de Syrie et presente ses conclusions sur cette etude qui est celle d'une dispersion, et non pas celle d'une seule communaute dans un seul pays. Elle est cependant en contraste avec les enclaves syriennes plus vastes, telles que la communaute de New York/New Jersey, avec des enclaves plus petites et plus dispersees. A cet article, fait suite la 'reponse' de Yael Zerubavel.
Dual Responsibilities Among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White Employed Caregivers

Abstract This study was designed to examine differences in care-giver and care recipient characteristics, caregiving and work demands and resources, and role strain among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White employed family caregivers. Significant differences were found with respect to caregiver and care recipient characteristics, types of assistance provided, and workplace support. Minority caregivers were economically disadvantaged and provided higher levels of care. Whites reported higher levels of role strain than Black and Hispanic caregivers, after controlling for caregiver and care recipient characteristics, demands, and resources. The findings indicate that care giving policies and programs must be broadened to incorporate the strengths and needs of ethnically diverse caregivers. Family practitioners need to be able to assess the applicability and differential impact of particular interventions, policies, and benefits, and to design relevant programs for ethnically diverse care-givers and their families.
Isolation in Commodity Multicore Processors

Resource sharing in modern chip multiprocessors (multicores) provides many cost and performance benefits. However, component sharing also creates drawbacks for fault, performance, and security isolation.Thus, integration of components on a multicore chip should also be accompanied by features that help isolate effects of faults, destructive performance interference, and security breaches.
An Intersectional Analysis of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People’s Evaluations of Anti-Queer Violence

The author uses an intersectionality framework to examine how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people evaluate the severity of their violent experiences. Previous research focusing on the severity of anti-LGBT violence has given relatively little attention to race, class, and gender as systems of power. In contrast, results from this study, based on 47 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, reveal that Black and Latino/Latina respondents often perceived anti-queer violence as implying that they had negatively represented their racial communities, whereas white respondents typically overlooked the racialized implications of their violent experiences. Furthermore, while lesbians of color emphasized their autonomy and self-sufficiency to challenge this discourse, Black and Latino gay men underscored their emotional and physical strength to undermine perceptions that they were weak for identifying as gay. Results also indicate that LGBT people experience forms of anti-queer violence in different ...
Countering Power Analysis Attacks UsingReliable and Aggressive Designs

Recent events have indicated that attackers are banking on side-channel attacks, such as differential power analysis (DPA) and correlation power analysis (CPA), to exploit information leaks from physical devices. Random dynamic voltage frequency scaling (RDVFS) has been proposed to prevent such attacks and has very little area, power, and performance overheads. But due to the one-to-one mapping present between voltage and frequency of DVFS voltage-frequency pairs, RDVFS cannot prevent power attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel countermeasure that uses reliable and aggressive designs to break this one-to-one mapping. Our experiments show that our technique significantly reduces the correlation for the actual key and also reduces the risk of power attacks by increasing the probability for incorrect keys to exhibit maximum correlation. Moreover, our scheme also enables systems to operate beyond the worst-case estimates to offer improved power and performance benefits. For the experiments conducted on AES S-box implemented using 45 nm CMOS technology, our approach has increased performance by 22 percent over the worst-case estimates. Also, it has decreased the correlation for the correct key by an order and has increased the probability by almost 3.5X times for wrong keys when compared with the original key to exhibit maximum correlation.
Microstructural inhomogeneities in chemically derived Ba2YCu3O7−x thin films: Implications for flux pinning

A gradient in the density of polytypoidal stacking faults was observed through the thickness of chemically derived epitaxial Ba2YCu3O7−x (BYC) films on (001) LaAlO3. Cross-sectional TEM studies indicated that films of less than 100 nm thickness were faulted, with a high density of polytypoidal stacking faults. A decrease in stacking fault density in thicker films (300-500 nm thick) was found with increasing distance from the most defective layer near the film/substrate interface. An abrupt transition from highly faulted material near the substrate to essentially stacking fault-free BYC in the upper part of the films was observed in several cases. The present observations are compared with the previously reported1 decrease in critical current density with increasing thickness of these films. Possible implications for flux pinning in BYC thin films are discussed.
A possible geodetic anomaly observed prior to the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake

Monthly measurements since mid-1981 of distance from a geodetic station located 11 km from the epicenter of the Loma Prieta earthquake (M{sub s} = 7.1; October 17, 1989) to three stations 30 to 40 km distant provides an unusually complete record of deformation in the epicentral region in the years prior to an earthquake. Roughly 1.3 years before the earthquake, at about the time of the first magnitude-5 foreshock, the rate of change in line length for two of the lines appears to change; the rate for the third line does not change. Other similar, though smaller, changes in rate are apparent in the eight-year record. Thus, there is marginal evidence for a change in deformation rate about one year before the Loma Prieta earthquake, but that change need not be a precursor.
The day the earth shook

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into issues encountered in maintaining library technologies and electronic collections on a limited budget and with limited personnel. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses real world experiences and anecdotal evidence to provide commentary on progress and the future of libraries as it relates to letting go of iconic resources that may have outlived their usefulness. Findings – The 754 volume Mansell Catalog was once heralded as a bibliographic wonder of the world. Thirty years after its completion, it is still revered by many in the profession. While it includes substantial content not reflected in the OCLC WorldCat database, it is rarely used at our medium sized state university and occupies almost 130 linear feet of shelving Originality/value – This paper examines one library's struggles with the decision making process in the aftermath of an earthquake that seemingly targeted the much revered Mansell Catalog, once described as, “the gre...
Nanotechnology: The Next Big Thing, or Much Ado about Nothing?

Nanotechnology encompasses an increasingly sophisticated ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale, resulting in new materials, products and devices that demonstrate new and unusual behaviour. While emerging nanotechnologies have great potential for good, there are increasing concerns that the selfsame attributes that make them attractive will also lead to new risks to human health. Research to date suggests that some purposely made nanomaterials will present hazards based on their structure--as well as their chemistry--thus challenging many conventional approaches to risk assessment and management. People involved in making and using these materials need to know what the risks are and how to manage them, if safe nanotechnology-based businesses are to emerge. Yet the challenges faced by the occupational hygiene community in ensuring safe nano-workplaces are substantial. We currently know enough to suggest that some engineered nanomaterials will present new and unusual risks, but there is very little information on how these risks can be identified, assessed and controlled. And many nanomaterials are in production and use now. Good occupational hygiene practices and existing knowledge on working with hazardous substances provide a useful basis for working safely with nanomaterials. But where existing knowledge fails, new research is needed to fill the gaps: this must be strategically administered and targeted to addressing specific issues in a timely manner. Failing to take these steps will ultimately lead to people's health being endangered and emerging nanotechnologies floundering. However, with foresight, sound science and strategic research, we have the opportunity to ensure that emerging nanotechnologies are as safe as possible, while reaching their full potential.
Geometry of a spherical image

A notion of spherical image is described that serves as a basis for defining the various geometric edges in a uniform way, for distinguishing between different views of an object, and for recovering range. The notion proposed here augments the point set image with a tangent vector frame field which arises naturally from the gradient of range and the perspective projection process.
Cost efficiency of US hospitals: a stochastic frontier approach

This study examined the impact of managed care and other environmental factors on hospital inefficiency in 1631 US hospitals during the period 1990-1996. A panel, stochastic frontier regression model was used to estimate inefficiency parameters and inefficiency scores. The results suggest that mean estimated inefficiency decreased by about 28% during the study period. Inefficiency was negatively associated with health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration and industry concentration. It was positively related with Medicare share and for-profit ownership status.