cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bringing Out the Dead: Gender and Historical Cycles of Spiritualism

Interest in the spirit world has blossomed since the 1990s. Four in 10 Americans claim to have been in touch with the dead. Mainstream movies featuring ghosts have made millions, television shows featuring mediums are broadcast throughout the country, books concerning the spirit world have made the New York Times bestsellers list, and the deceased have been increasingly put to work by Madison Avenue. Developed here is a theory of the relations between historical cycles of spiritualism, women's interest in that movement, and how that is related to women's visibility and power within society. It is argued that women have historically had a fairly constant interest in the spirit world. Spiritualism's current popularity is a result of women having more power and visibility, giving the spirit world a prominence in society that it previous only had during spiritualism “boom” periods when men became interested.
Syntheses of New Azlactones from Thiophene Aldehydes

IN view of the availability of thiophene-2-aldehyde, 3-methylthiophene-2-aldehyde, 5-methylthiophene-2-aldehyde, 5-ethylthiophene-2-aldehyde, 5-propylthiophene-2-aldehyde, and 5-chlorothiophene-2-aldehyde1, it was decided to prepare their azlactones, since these compounds serve as useful derivatives and intermediates for further syntheses.
On the Reality of Gauge Potentials

Classically, a gauge potential was merely a convenient device for generating a corresponding gauge field. Quantum-mechanically, a gauge potential lays claim to independent status as a further feature of the physical situation. But whether this is a local or a global feature is not made any clearer by the variety of mathematical structures used to represent it. I argue that in the theory of electromagnetism (or a non-Abelian generalization) that describes quantum particles subject to a classical interaction, the gauge potential is best understood as a feature of the physical situation whose global character is most naturally represented by the holonomies of closed curves in space-time.
The Effect of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection According to the OCT Patterns of Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose: To determine the preoperative factors of different types of diabetic macular edema (DME) classified using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and to evaluate the short-term therapeutic effects and pattern changes of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). Methods: Seventy-seven eyes of 60 patients, who had been previously diagnosed with DME through fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography, were enrolled, and each patient was classified as one of three DME types according to his/her OCT features: Type 1, diffuse retinal thickening; Type 2, cystoid macular edema; and Type 3, serous macular detachment. We compared age, sex, the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), and decreased visual acuity (VA). We analyzed VA, intraocular pressure (IOP), foveal thickness (FT), total macular volume (TMV), and pattern changes that occurred between pre-operation and 1 month post-operation. Results: The duration of DM was short in Type 3 DME patients. There were no differences in age or the duration of decreased VA. Pre-operative VA was higher in Type 1 than in Type 2 or 3 patients. FT and TMV increased in thickness from Type 1 through Type 3. VA after IVTA improved in Types 2 and 3. FT and TMV after IVTA decreased in each type. However, the extent of the changes in Types 2 and 3 was greater than that in Type 1. Seventy-four percent of Type 2 and 83% of Type 3 changed to Type 1 after IVTA. Conclusions: This study found that there were differences in the therapeutic effect of IVTA among patients with different DME patterns. According to our results, the effectiveness of IVTA can be predicted, which we believe will help to objectively determine DME treatment.
Hydrogen refueling station compression and storage optimization with tube-trailer deliveries

Abstract Hydrogen refueling stations require high capital investment, with compression and storage comprising more than half of the installed cost of refueling equipment. Refueling station configurations and operation strategies can reduce capital investment while improving equipment utilization. Argonne National Laboratory developed a refueling model to evaluate the impact of various refueling compression and storage configurations and tube trailer operating strategies on the cost of hydrogen refueling. The modeling results revealed that a number of strategies can be employed to reduce fueling costs. Proper sizing of the high-pressure buffer storage reduces the compression requirement considerably, thus reducing refueling costs. Employing a tube trailer to initially fill the vehicle's tank also reduces the compression and storage requirements, further reducing refueling costs. Reducing the cut-off pressure of the tube trailer for initial vehicle fills can also significantly reduce the refueling costs. Finally, increasing the trailer's return pressure can cut refueling costs, especially for delivery distances less than 100 km, and in early markets, when refueling stations will be grossly underutilized.
Teaching, learning, and education for the public service

In its relatively short history, this association has compiled an impressive record of discussion and publication on issues of curriculum and teaching in the preparation of people for professional careers in the public service.' I recall being pleasantly surprised when, as an assistant professor with barely three years' experience, I attended the first of these conferences twelve years ago and discovered that there were a number of opportunities in the program for faculty to discuss curriculum and teaching. Since then, my own ideas of what I teach and how have been deeply affected by my association with APPAM.
Sleep-wake and Other Biological Rhythms: Functional Neuroanatomy

Knowledge from traditional neuroanatomical techniques coupled with more recent advances in functional neuroimaging and molecular genetics have led to a better understanding of how structure relates to function of many biological rhythms. In this article we review the current state of knowledge of the functional neuroanatomy of sleep-wake and circadian rhythms and selected infradian rhythms (eg, menstrual and seasonal). We anticipate that progress in our understanding of the molecular biology of sleep and circadian rhythms will lead to the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for improved health and quality of life, and for maintaining performance levels during adverse conditions.
RENAL FUNCTION AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS IN CHILDREN: COMPARISON OF DOPAMINE WITH DOBUTAMINE

We have compared low dose do pa mine with dobutamine in conserving renal function in 142 children younger than 10 yr undergoing cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients were allocated randomly to receive a continuous infusion of either dopamine 2.5 μg kg −1 min −1 (group 1) or dobutamine 2.5 μg kg −1 min −1 (group 2) from the time of induction of anaesthesia. Administration of inotropes and diuretics was controlled strictly to agreed regimens. There was no clinical or statistically significant difference between the two groups in postoperative urine output, serum concentration of creatinine, fractional sodium excretion or need for diuretic therapy. This was true also of the subgroup of patients who received no other inotropic support. However, the subgroup of patients in group 1 who underwent periods of CPB in excess of 2 h (n = 17) had persistently greater postoperative serum concentrations of creatinine. Low dose dopamine did not appear to be superior to dobutamine for protection of renal function in these patents.
When Does the Position Vector of a Space Curve Always Lie in Its Rectifying Plane

(2003). When Does the Position Vector of a Space Curve Always Lie in Its Rectifying Plane? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 110, No. 2, pp. 147-152.
A graph model for software evolution

A graph model of software evolution is presented. The author seeks to formalize the objects and activities involved in software evolution in sufficient detail to enable automatic assistance for maintaining the consistency and integrity of an evolving software system. This includes automated support for propagating the consequences of a change to a software system. The evolution of large and complex software systems receives particular attention. >
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Deformable Mirror

Abstract This article concerns the modeling and control of a deformable mirror. A dynamic model was derived and verified experimentally for the development of a surface shape-control approach. The model developed was reduced for realistic controller design based on the symmetrical structure of the mirror system but included the compliance components and the first natural mode of the system. Then, multi-input multi-output controllers were designed based on a classical method and the H ∞ optimal control method. Simulations demonstrated the superior performance of the H ∞ controller in terms of robustness and disturbance rejection.
Consistency of Sequential Bayesian Sampling Policies

We consider Bayesian information collection, in which a measurement policy collects information to support a future decision. This framework includes ranking and selection, continuous global optimization, and many other problems in sequential experimental design. We give a sufficient condition under which measurement policies sample each measurement type infinitely often, ensuring consistency, i.e., that a globally optimal future decision is found in the limit. This condition is useful for verifying consistency of adaptive sequential sampling policies that do not do forced random exploration, making consistency difficult to verify by other means. We demonstrate the use of this sufficient condition by showing consistency of two previously proposed ranking and selection policies: optimal computing budget allocation (OCBA) for linear loss, and the knowledge-gradient policy with independent normal priors. Consistency of the knowledge-gradient policy was shown previously, while the consistency result for OCBA is new.
Biventricular Pacing Attenuates T-Wave Alternans and T-Wave Amplitude Compared to Other Pacing Modes

Background: The impact of altered ventricular activation, including biventricular (BV) pacing, on T-wave alternans (TWA) and arrhythmic substrates is unclear. We studied how differing ventricular activation sequence alters TWA; the interval from peak-to-end of the T-wave (TpTe) and T-wave amplitude during right (RV), left (LV), and biventricular (BV) pacing; and right atrial (RA) pacing in patients with preexisting conduction delay. Methods and Results: We measured TWA during RA, RV, LV, and BV pacing in 33 patients receiving cardiac-resynchronization-therapy-defibrillators. TWA magnitude (Valt) was lower during BV than RV (P < 0.01), RA (P < 0.01), or LV pacing. As a result, BV-TWA was more often negative than RV-TWA (P < 0.01), LV-TWA, and RA-TWA, particularly when discordant between pacing modes (P < 0.01). Overall, 83% of TWA recordings were abnormal (25% indeterminate), and 17% negative. BV pacing reduced T-wave amplitude (P < 0.05) and TpTe (P < 0.005) compared to RV pacing and LV pacing (P < 0.05; P < 0.005 respectively). Notably, TWA magnitude varied linearly with T-wave amplitude for all pacing modes (P < 0.001). Over 410 ± 252 days' follow-up, RV-TWA predicted the combined endpoint of death and ICD therapy with 86% negative predictive value (P < 0.05). BV-TWA, RA-TWA, and other repolarization indices were not predictive. Conclusions: BV pacing attenuates TWA in tandem with reduced T-wave magnitude. In these patients with baseline QRS prolongation, RV-TWA predicted events more effectively than BV-TWA and RA-TWA. Further studies are required to understand how altered ventricular activation influences repolarization dynamics and arrhythmic tendency.
Alternating and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for unresectable head and neck carcinoma

Between 1987 and 1989, 12 patients with advanced unresectable head and neck carcinoma were entered on a regimen of alternating and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. During the initial phase, cisplatin (50 mg/m2/day × 3 days) was administered 1 week and alternated with 160 cGy TID radiation week 3. This alternating schedule was repeated once for a total dose of 300 mg/m2 cisplatin and a total radiation dose of 4,800 cGy. Week 9, concurrent cisplatin (20 mg/m2/day × 5 days) was administered with 200 cGy BID radiation to boost ports. In spite of the alternating schedule, acute toxicity from 160 cGy TID was severe and delays secondary to mucositis increased the average duration of therapy to 11 weeks. Unexpected chronic toxicity included 2 of 12 patients with swallowing difficulty due to a sensory neuropathy which was likely a combined modality effect. This had not been reported in previous combined modality studies. A complete response was achieved in 5 of 12 patients and a partial response in 7 of 12 patients. Overall median survival was 17 months. Although the combination of cisplatin and accelerated radiation given in the above dose schedule induced a complete or partial response in all patients, severe toxicity and lack of survival benefit discourage further use of this regimen. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
STUDIES OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN THE HEPATICAE. IV. ON THE BLEPHAROPLAST OF BLASIA

A B S T R A C T Spermatogenesis in Blasia pusilla L. was reexamined with electron optics to help evaluate conflicting results of the two earlier light microscope studies of this species. The present micrographic resume of spermatid transformation confirms Sharp's observation of centrosomes in very young spermatids and agrees with Woodburn's general account of spermatozoid maturation. Further, male gamete development in Blasia is shown to be closely comparable to that of Marchantia and Pellia. It is concluded that Sharp's report of blepharoplast development in Blasia by fragmentation and coalescence was based on anomalous plant material. THE LITERATURE of male gamete development in bryophytes includes reports of two early investigations of Blasia pusilla, a thallose liverwort. The first and more detailed of these was contributed by Woodburn (1913) who, in part, portrayed the salient morphological features of blepharoplast maturation. Woodburn discerned from stained sections that the blepharoplast first appears in the newly formed spermatid as a small, dense region in the cytoplasm that soon differentiates into a rounded granule. This organelle gradually elongates and, when viewed in a plane parallel to the last cell division, soon assumes a comma-shaped and, later, a more circular profile. The "cordlike" blepharoplast stains homogeneously and lies close to the periphery of the cell. There is a concomitant elongation of the spermatid nucleus which also becomes more homogeneous in appearance. As the lengthening nucleus curves into a crescentic outline, the separation between it and the blepharoplast narrows and grows increasingly difficult to distinguish. These two structures continue to elongate in close contact with each other, and, by the time their lengthening has proceeded through a full circle, they are indistinguishable from each other. Although Woodbum did not observe developing flagella he presumed that they both originated from the anterior end of the bleph
Water depth modifies relative predation risk for a motile fish taxon in Bahamian tidal creeks

We evaluated the influence of water depth on relative predation risk for mojarra (Eucinostomus spp.) in six tidal creeks on Andros Island, Bahamas. Relative predation risk was determined using a tethering protocol combined with underwater visual census. In one experiment, we found that relative predation risk increased predictably with water depth (r2 = 0.83), and survival of tethered mojarra decreased with water depth (r2 = 0.71). We identified three depth zones containing differing levels of predation threat: refugia (0–19 cm), transition (20–69 cm), and predation (> 70 cm). Predation on mojarra rarely occurred within the refugia zone (2% eaten) and always in the predation zone (100% eaten). Additional factors not examined in this study (e.g., mangrove complexity, predator density) likely drive variability of relative predation risk within the transition zone. In a second experiment, we directly examined influence of water depth on relative predation risk at fixed locations from high tide to low tide in a single creek. Mean relative predation risk was significantly higher during higher tides at deeper water depths. Results provide experimental evidence that exploitation of shallow water refugia by motile prey can significantly reduce predation risk. We expect the distribution of motile fishes is at least partially influenced by spatially-dynamic shallow water refugia.
Evaluation of 39 cases of pediatric cutaneous head and neck melanoma

Background Studies examining head and neck (H&N) melanoma in the pediatric population are scarce. Objective The goal of this study is to describe pediatric H&N melanoma with the intent of increasing understanding of the course of disease. Methods The Duke Melanoma Database and Duke Tumor Registry Database were searched for patients with a diagnosis of melanoma occurring on the H&N before age 18 years, with exclusion of ocular/mucosal/aerodigestive melanomas. Results Queries yielded 39 Caucasian pediatric patients, 24 (61.5%) of them male. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.2 years (15 years, median). The primary sites were represented as follows: cutaneous auricular (1/39, 2.6%), facial (15/39, 38.5%), and scalp/neck (23/39, 59%). The follow-up time ranged from 2 months to 23 years with a median of 9.9 years (95% confidence interval: 6.2-13 years). At the time of follow-up, there were 12 (12/39, 30.8%) melanoma-associated deaths. The anatomic distribution of primary melanoma for these 12 patients follows: 4 (33.3%) facial and 8 (66.7%) scalp/neck. Histologic data revealed 24 (61.5%) tumors classified as superficial spreading melanoma with nodular melanoma (12.8%) a distant second. The mean Breslow depth for patients with melanoma-related mortality was 2.4 mm, compared with 1.8 mm for those who were alive at last follow-up. Limitations Small sample size limited this study. Conclusion This study found that the majority (59%) of H&N melanomas presented as scalp or neck lesions with a predilection for adolescents and boys. Those who experienced melanoma-related mortality had thicker lesions. Superficial spreading melanoma was the most common subtype.
The facts are the facts

No matter how much you know, you never know all the facts. Juggling facts pervades all parts of medicine. In particular, we seem to love the little contraindications. “You can’t take more than 2 litres off in a thoracentesis before you run the risk of re-expansion pulmonary edema.” “Are
New therapies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Progress in medical therapies for the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been brisk over the last decade, beyond the 5-aminosalicylates introduced in the 1930s and refined in the 1980s, and corticosteroids in the 1950s. These agents, although beneficial for many patients, were not effective for the majority of patients over the long term. Steroids in particular presented new safety concerns. Further therapeutic leaps were made with the introduction of the thiopurine analogs mercaptopurine and azathioprine, and still later methotrexate. In the mid-1990s, biologic agents came to the fore. Infliximab, a chimeric anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) antibody, was the first biologic response modifier indicated for the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD). This was followed over the next decade by the development of a host of other anti-TNF agents, broadening of the indication for infliximab to ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as agents directed at virtually every known pathophysiologic mechanism. The large number of new agents presents a bewildering challenge to practitioners anticipating their use in the clinic, and more than ever requires an understanding of immune mechanisms related to these diseases. This article is intended to introduce the reader to the breadth of new agents that have been studied over the last 10 years as novel therapies for the treatment of CD and UC. Fig. 1 has an overview of pathophysiologic targets discussed in this article.
Preludes to Attainment: Race, Sex, and Student Achievement Orientations*

This paper investigates race-sex differences in achievement orientation using a national sample of high school seniors. Achievement orientation is approximated by attitudinal measures (educational expectations, occupational aspirations, academic selfconcept, self-esteem, and locus-of-control) known to be correlated with expected and actual attainments. Three major sets of student background factors are related to achievement orientation: (1) family SES, (2) school context, and (3) parental expectations. Race-sex comparisons of achievement orientation revealed several interesting, but few definitive differences. Occupational aspirations were a dimension of consistent differentiation: whites and males aspired to higher status, less stereotypic occupations than did blacks and females. Pronounced interpersonal effects are implied throughout, with family educational attainments, peer plans, teacher evaluations (grades) and parent aspirations strongly influencing achievement orientations in all race-sex subgroups. The paper calls for intensive, longitudinal studies of student interactions with parents, friends, teachers, and other individuals who influence their Modern "status attainment" research and theory have evolved along generally systematic lines. In the prototype for this genre of study, Blau and Duncan (1967) attempted to determine how ascribed and early achieved statuses were related to subsequent achievements within a cross-sectional sample of the 1962 U.S. white adult male population. From their analyses they concluded that early and late occupational attainment was primarily conditioned by prior education, with early attainment in turn registering a sizable direct effect upon later occupational attainments. Parental characteristics (ascribed statuses) influenced occupational attainments only indirectly through their effects of educational attainment. Believing that the "Blau-Duncan" model was not explicit in elaborating the status attainment process, a group of researchers attempted systematically to extend the model. Their goal was to specify further the mechanisms through which parental status was translated into educational attainment and subsequent occupational attainments. Using data on white male high school seniors, they introduced social psychological variables as indirect measures of the interactional processes intervening between the structural facts of parental status and son's attainments. Later, mental ability, significant other influences, academic performance, and levels of occupational-educational aspirations were added to the original model (Sewell, Haller, and Strauss, 1957; Sewell and Shah, 1967; Sewell, Haller, and Ohlendorf, 1970; Haller and Portes, 1973). These extensions largely
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is overexpressed by scleroderma dermal fibroblasts

Abstract Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is an extracellular glycoprotein that belongs to the thrombospondin gene family. It is found predominantly in cartilage, tendon, ligament, and bone. Mutations in the COMP gene have been linked to the development of pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphysial dysplasia. COMP influences the organization of collagen fibrils by interacting with collagens I, II and IX. Gene expression profiling of cultured skin fibroblasts suggested that COMP mRNA levels were elevated in scleroderma. We therefore examined COMP expression in SSc and normal skin biopsies. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that COMP protein accumulates in SSc but not normal skin, with SSc skin showing striking deposition in the papillary and deeper dermis. Significant staining was also seen in non-lesional skin from patients. Due to its involvement in the development of fibrosis, TGFβ was examined for a possible role in regulating COMP expression. Cultured SSc fibroblasts demonstrated greater staining for COMP compared to normal controls prior to stimulation, and TGFβ-1 induced a large increase in mRNA and protein. Murine fibroblasts engineered to overexpress human COMP demonstrated increased levels of fibronectin and collagen in the extracellular matrix. Taken together, these data demonstrate that COMP is overexpressed in SSc skin and cultured fibroblasts possibly due to autocrine TGFβ stimulation, and COMP overexpression is sufficient to stimulate excess matrix deposition. By interactions with other matrix proteins and cells, COMP may play a role in pathogenic matrix deposition.
Laboratory diode laser spectroscopy in molecular planetary astronomy

Infrared spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres is performed at high spectral resolution comparable to that in the laboratory. This requires that laboratory spectroscopy use the highest resolution and the most accurate techniques. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy can supply many of the spectroscopic parameters needed by astronomers. In particular, line positions, line strengths, and collisional line widths are measured with diode lasers, and these are often among the best values available. Diode laser spectra are complimentary to lower resolution, broader-coverage Fourier transform spectra. Certain procedures must be adopted, however, when using diode lasers, for determining their output characteristics and for calibrating each spectrum against quality references.
The crystal structure of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-2-methylthiodenine, a modified base of tRNA with cytokinin activity

Abstract The crystal structure of the title compound, a modified base of tRNA has been determined from three-dimensional x-ray diffraction data. The plane of the isopentenyl side chain is rotated 91° from the plane through the adenine system and the methyl thio group. The substituents on the adenine ring prevent N(1) from hydrogen bonding; the molecule exhibits instead two types of pairing arrangements, one of which is compatible with the Hoogsteen or “reversed” Hoogsteen pairing scheme.
Operant conditioning of EMG activity using cigarette puffs as a reinforcer

This study was a test of an operant conditioning model of cravings. The model posits that smoking or opportunity to smoke may reinforce physiological reactions to cigarette deprivation that are typically labeled as cravings. More specifically, the rate and amplitude of a physiological response (EMG activity) can be modified, and brought under stimulus control, using cigarette puffs as a reinforcer. Three adult smokers, who were deceived as to the purpose of the study, served as subjects. Three subjects were exposed to two conditions: baseline and response-contingent tone and puff. A single subject reversal design was used. Two of the three subjects showed conditioning effects with the mean level of EMG responding and rate of criterion responding in the response-contingent condition exceeding baseline levels of responding. For one of these subjects, two additional control conditions were used. Responding in the response-contingent condition was higher than in either control condition. The need for replication and extension of the present procedures are discussed.
Captures and Host Strains of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Males in Traps Baited with Different Commercial Pheromone Blends

ABSTRACT Traps baited with 4 different commercial sex pheromone lures that contained 2, 3, or 4 components were used to capture male fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Texas from 2006–2009. A subset of the moths collected was analyzed for their host strain to determine if there was a difference in attraction to these lures. Chemical analysis of the lures was completed to identify the pheromone components released. Each lure released the number of components expected, but the Trece lure released relatively higher amounts of the minor component Z7-12:Ac and at a higher percentage of its blend, than the other lures. The 4 lures attracted similar numbers of moths in Alabama, Georgia, and Texas, and there was only a difference among lures in the Florida 2006 trial. More moths were captured in fall 2007 than fall 2008 in Alabama and Georgia. The southern region in Alabama and Georgia averaged more than 13 moths per night, compared to 8.5 in the central region, ...
The nutritional consequences of pregnancy sickness : A critique of a hypothesis.

The purpose of this paper is to assess Profet’s (1992) and others’ hypothesis that nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is adaptive. A number of studies have found an association between NVP and a decreased risk for early fetal loss (<20 weeks). It is assumed that the adaptive benefits of improved survivorship associated with NVP outweigh the minimal nutritional consequences. However, in populations that experience marginal levels of nutrition, NVP may have important nutritional consequences. To test these potential consequences, a study on NVP, nutritional status, and pregnancy outcome was conducted among Turkana pastoralists, who experience seasonal and chronic nutritional stress. Interviews and anthropometric assessments were conducted on 68 pregnant Turkana women of Kenya during a 1993–1994 field season. The results from the case study suggest that women who experience NVP do encounter nutritional consequences in the later stages of pregnancy and are more likely to experience poor pregnancy outcomes. These results suggest that NVP may not be adaptive in all environmental settings, particularly among marginally nourished populations.
Wafer-Level Modular Testing of Core-Based SoCs

Product cost is a major driver in the consumer electronics market, which is characterized by low profit margins and the use of core-based system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Packaging has been recognized as a significant contributor to the product cost for such SoCs. To reduce packaging cost and the test cost for packaged chips, wafer-level testing (wafer sort) is used in the semiconductor industry to screen defective dies. However, since test time is a major practical constraint for wafer sort, even more so than for package test, not all the scan-based digital tests can be applied to the die under test. We present an optimal test-length selection technique for wafer-level testing of core-based SoCs. This technique, which is based on a combination of statistical yield modeling and integer linear programming, allows us to determine the number of patterns to use for each embedded core during wafer sort such that the probability of screening defective dies is maximized for a given upper limit on the SoC test time. We also present a heuristic method to handle large next-generation SoC designs. Simulation results are presented for five of the ITC'02 SoC Test benchmarks, and the optimal test-length selection approach is compared with the heuristic method.
Data Mined Ionic Substitutions for the Discovery of New Compounds

The existence of new compounds is often postulated by solid state chemists by replacing an ion in the crystal structure of a known compound by a chemically similar ion. In this work, we present how this new compound discovery process through ionic substitutions can be formulated in a mathematical framework. We propose a probabilistic model assessing the likelihood for ionic species to substitute for each other while retaining the crystal structure. This model is trained on an experimental database of crystal structures, and can be used to quantitatively suggest novel compounds and their structures. The predictive power of the model is demonstrated using cross-validation on quaternary ionic compounds. The different substitution rules embedded in the model are analyzed and compared to some of the traditional rules used by solid state chemists to propose new compounds (e.g., ionic size).
The influence of salinity on the kinetics of NH inf4 sup+ uptake in Spartina alterniflora

The effects of short- and long-term exposure to a range in concentration of sea salts on the kinetics of NH inf4 sup+ uptake by Spartina alterniflora were examined in a laboratory culture experiment. Long-term exposure to increasing salinity up to 50 g/L resulted in a progressive increase in the apparent Km but did not significantly affect Vmax (mean Vmax=4.23±1.97 μmole·g−1·h−1). The apparent Km increased in a nonlinear fashion from a mean of 2.66±1.10 μmole/L at a salinity of 5 g/L to a mean of 17.56±4.10 μmole/L at a salinity of 50 g/L. These results suggest that the long-term effect of exposure to total salt concentrations within the range 5–50 g/L was a competitive inhibition of NH inf4 sup+ uptake in S. alterniflora. No significant NH inf4 sup+ uptake was observed in S. alterniflora exposed to 65 g/L sea salts. Short-term exposure to rapid changes in salinity significantly affected both Vmax and Km. Reduction of solution salinity from 35 to 5 g/L did not change Vmax but reduced Km by 71%. However, exposing plants grown at 5 g/L salinity to 35 resulted in an decrease in Vmax of approximately 50%. Exposure of plants grown at 35 g/L to a total sea salt concentration of 50 g/L for 48h completely inhibited uptake of NH inf4 sup+ . For both experiments, increasing salinity led to an increase in the apparent Km similar to that found in response to long-term exposure. Our data are consistent with a conceptual model of changes in the productivity of S. alterniflora in the salt marsh as a function of environmental modification of NH inf4 sup+ uptake kinetics.
Effect of cell size on GaAs concentrators with InAs quantum dots

GaAs solar cells with varying layers of QDs and varying cell size (to vary perimeter to area ratio) were fabricated. Cells were tested using an I SC -V OC method to determine local ideality factors, as well as to extract recombination currents at low and high bias. Baseline devices without QDs were also simulated using SILVACO to analyze the effects of simply increasing the i-region thickness, a consequence of adding QD layers. Results show ideality factors of QD cells have a more prominent dependence on cell size than the baseline at low bias, but exhibit reduced ideality compared to baseline at and beyond 1-sun bias conditions. The former may be attributed to the dominant influence of sidewall states in QD structures in the space charge region at low injection, while the latter may be due to a dominant recombination mechanism through radiative QD states at higher injection. The dark current associated with operational bias at 1-sun and above exhibited a reduced dependence on cell size for QD devices compared to the baseline.
A strengthened acceptance criterion for approximate projections in Karmarkar's algorithm

As described in Goldfarb and Mehrotra [3], the convergence analysis of Karmarkar's method for linear programming leads naturally to an acceptance criterion when approximate projections are used in the course of the algorithm. Unfortunately, the preliminary results of Goldfarb and Mehrotra indicate that their criterion is generally not strong enough to insure that the algorithm makes reasonable progress. In this note we present a stronger criterion and show that the difference between the two criteria is potentially large.
Species susceptibility to delayed toxic neuropathy in relation to in vivo inhibition of neurotoxic esterase by neurotoxic organophosphorus esters

Tri‐o‐cresyl phosphate (TOCP) and O‐ethyl O‐(4‐cyanophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate (cyanofenphos, Surecide) were found to be delayed neurotoxicants. They were administered to chickens by gavage at 100 and 30 mgjkg•d for 15 d, respectively. In CD‐1 mice neither TOCP nor cyanophenphos induced any of the usually recognized clinical symptoms of neuropathy when administered daily by gavage at 262 or 31.25 mg/kg‐d for 30 d, respectively. In the chickens, TOCP and cyanofenphos produced about 98 and 90% in vivo inhibition of brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity. In the mice, 24 h after the last daily dose, TOCP and cyanofenphos produced only about 50 and 40% in vivo inhibition of the brain NTE activity. Parathion [O,O‐diethyl O‐(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate], at 2 or 6.75 mg/kg'd for 15 or 30 d, did not induce neuropathy in either chicken or mice and produced no significant in vivo inhibition of brain NTE activity at the end of the dosing regimen. The specific activity of NTE in control chicken brain crude...
Instantaneous Normal Mode Analysis of a Series of Model Molten Salts

A combination of analytical theory and molecular dynamics simulation was previously used to investigate how the dynamics of a fused salt are affected by the distributions of mass and charge in its component ions. These studies are now extended by using instantaneous normal mode analysis to explore how changes in ionic structure affect translational and rotational dynamics at different frequencies. The results indicate that the details of the charge distribution are important in coupling translational and rotational motion in ionic liquids. The observations are broadly consistent with the predictions of the charge lever moment formalism, and provide insight on the nature of dynamics in fused salts.
Comparison of three histological fixatives on the immunoreactivity of mammalian P‐glycoprotein antibodies in the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus

Mammalian P-glycoprotein is a highly conserved integral membrane protein functioning as an energy-dependent efflux pump which decreases the concentration of certain lipophilic aromatic compounds entering the cell by diffusion. Expression of such a transporter in teleost species could play a significant role in conferring resistance to fish populations exposed to xenobiotic stressors and may serve as a potential indicator of species at risk for certain environmental contaminants. In previous studies we demonstrated that a strong correlation existed between corresponding mammalian and teleost tissues showing immunoreactivity to specific mammalian P-glycoprotein antibodies. In the present study, comparisons of staining pattern, intensity, and tissue specificity between tissues treated in Bouin's, Dietrich's and Lillie's histological fixatives were determined in the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, using monoclonal antibodies C219, C494, JSB-1 and polyclonal antiserum MDR(Ab-1). Immunoreactivity of these antibodies was found to be fixative-dependent. Results are presented illustrating the differential staining patterns and tissue specificity observed for each tissue type, fixative, and antibody combination. Our data indicate tissue fixation has a significant impact on P-glycoprotein antibody immuno-reactivity in teleost tissues and must be considered in the comparison and interpretation of results.
Role of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in multiferroic perovskites

With the perovskite multiferroic $R\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(R=\mathrm{Gd},\mathrm{Tb},\mathrm{Dy})$ as guidance, we argue that the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) provides the microscopic mechanism for the coexistence and strong coupling between ferroelectricity and incommensurate magnetism. We use Monte Carlo simulations and zero-temperature exact calculations to study a model incorporating the double-exchange, superexchange, Jahn-Teller, and DMI terms. The phase diagram contains a multiferroic phase between $A$ and $E$ antiferromagnetic phases, in excellent agreement with experiments.
Clinical development of moricizine as an antiarrhythmic agent

The primary development of moricizine as an antiarrhythmic agent has occurred in the Soviet Union and the United States. The data in this presentation are based on the 1,844 subjects/patients (1,817 adults and 27 pediatric patients) who participated in 34 controlled studies and 3 uncontrolled compassionate-use programs conducted in the United States. Of the 1,817 adults, 443 received only placebo or comparative agents and 1,374 received moricizine in daily doses of 50 to 1,800 mg. A total of 1,190 adult patients (mean age 59 years) had ventricular arrhythmias classified as either benign (8%), potentially lethal (58%) or lethal (33%). Most patients had a history of greater than or equal to 1 cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, previous myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Antiarrhythmic activity was assessed by four methods: 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, programmed electrical stimulation, exercise tolerance tests, and global evaluation (only for some patients in the compassionate-use program). In addition, the effects of moricizine on symptoms associated with ventricular arrhythmias were assessed. The safety variables evaluated included adverse experiences, proarrhythmia, congestive heart failure, other cardiovascular effects, death, chest x-ray, ophthalmic examinations, neuroleptic phenothiazine effects and clinical laboratory tests.
Si/SiO2 Quantum Dots: Electronic Properties

Spherical shaped Si quantum dots (QDs) embedded into the SiO 2 substrate are considered in the single sub-band effective mass approach. The electron and heavy hole sub-bands are taken into account. The energy dependence of electron effective mass is applied especially for small size QD. Calculations of low-lying single electron and hole energy levels are performed. For QD of small sizes (diameter D ≤6 nm) there is a strong confinement regime when the number of energy levels is restricted to several levels. The first order of the perturbation theory is used to calculate neutral exciton recombination energy taking into account the Coulomb force between electron and heavy hole. The PL exciton data are reproduced well by our model calculations. We also compare the results with those obtained within model [1]. For weak confinement regime (size D ≥10 nm), when the number of confinement levels is limited by several hundred, we considered the statistical properties of the electron confinement. Distribution function for the electron levels is calculated and results are discussed.
Ergonomic Uses of a Web-Based Job Information System

Designing and evaluating jobs and workers is easier when there is accurate and precise job documentation available. A web-based job information system has been developed to provide job documentation (including detailed task analyses), quantitative ergonomic ratings, and job videos. This web-based job information system can be used in many different ways such as facilitating tool design, work method analysis, job accommodation, return-to-work decisions, and justification of ergonomic evaluations. Details on how the data are being collected and the database is designed are discussed as well as numerous examples of how jobs in the database can be used by ergonomists and human factors professionals.
Effects of Engineering Design-Based Science on Elementary School Science Students' Engineering Identity Development across Gender and Grade.

The integration of engineering concepts and practices into elementary science education has become an emerging concern for science educators and practitioners, alike. Moreover, how children, specifically preadolescents (grades 1–5), engage in engineering design-based learning activities may help science educators and researchers learn more about children’s earliest identification with engineering. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which engineering identity differed among preadolescents across gender and grade, when exposing students to engineering design-based science learning activities. Five hundred fifty preadolescent participants completed the Engineering Identity Development Scale (EIDS), a recently developed measure with validity evidence that characterizes children’s conceptions of engineering and potential career aspirations. Data analyses of variance among four factors (i.e., gender, grade, and group) indicated that elementary school students who engaged in the engineering design-based science learning activities demonstrated greater improvements on the EIDS subscales compared to those in the comparison group. Specifically, students in the lower grade levels showed substantial increases, while students in the higher grade levels showed decreases. Girls, regardless of grade level and participation in the engineering learning activities, showed higher scores in the academic subscale compared to boys. These findings suggest that the integration of engineering practices in the science classroom as early as grade one shows potential in fostering and sustaining student interest, participation, and self-concept in engineering and science.
The hierarchical effects of affective and cognitive components on tourism destination image.

Abstract Understanding how tourism destination image (DI) is formed may assist destination promoters in developing appropriate images for their destination products. This study develops and empirically tests a measurement model of tourism destination image. Through a second-order factor analysis in LISREL, the results confirm that destination image can be operationalized as a second-order factor model that includes an affective image (AI) and a cognitive image (CI). These constructs are governed by a second-order construct of tourism destination image. The results of this study suggest that the affective construct has more impact on building destination image than does the cognitive construct. Finally, theoretical implications and practical suggestions are discussed.
Abstract 4730: The double bromodomain protein Brd2 controls B cell expansion and mitogenesis.

Background: Bromodomain-containing coregulators of transcription have been identified recently as new epigenetic targets to treat a variety of hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemias. However, the bromodomain mechanisms that couple histone acetylation to transcription in lymphopoiesis, and that govern mature lymphocyte responsiveness to growth signals, are only partly understood. Brd2 is a transcriptional co-regulator that contains dual Bromodomains and an ExtraTerminal domain (defining the BET family) that couples chromatin modification to cell cycle progression. We previously reported the first functional characterization of a BET protein as an effector of mammalian mitogenic signal transduction: Eμ-Brd2 transgenic mice develop an ‘activated B cell’ type of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. There have been no other animal models reported for genetic or lentiviral expression of BET proteins, which hampers testing of novel anticancer drugs such as JQ1 and its derivatives. Methods: Here we use Brd2 lentivirus transduction of hematopoietic stem cells and reconstitution of lethally irradiated recipient mice to examine the function of Brd2 in hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and mitogenesis in the periphery. Results: Three-fold over-expression of Brd2 in hematopoietic stem cells selectively leads to a doubling of the B cell compartment and increases mature B cell mitogenic responsiveness ex vivo. Knockdown of Brd2 by shRNA totally ablates hematopoietic lineages, likely by inhibiting the lineage-committed progenitor expansion through down-regulation of cyclin A, which reinforces results from Eμ-Brd2 transgenic mice. The novel small molecule BET inhibitor JQ1 reduces B cell mitogenesis by about 60% in parallel experiments, but this effect likely extends to other related BET family members and lacks Brd2 specificity. Conclusion/Significance: The Brd2 pathway integrates lymphopoiesis, leukemogenesis and normal mitogenesis. Targeting this pathway with therapeutic drugs may therefore confer multiple, diverse benefits in the treatment of hematologic malignancy, B cell mediated disease and likely inflammation. Citation Format: Anna C. Belkina, Wanda P. Blanton, Frank L. Lombardi, Gerald V. Denis. The double bromodomain protein Brd2 controls B cell expansion and mitogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4730. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4730