cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on Hepatocellular Uptake of Fatty Acids

Long-chain fatty acids are quantitatively the most important substrates for energy production. Their uptake by the liver is rapid, but little is known about the mechanism by which they permeate the plasma membrane. Investigation of fatty acid permeation, however, is potentially important since the influx of other major energy-yielding substrates, such as glucose and amino acids, has been shown to be a site of metabolic and hormonal control. The lipophilic character of fatty acids suggests that they might diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane [1–3]. However, several recent observations suggest that at least a portion of fatty acid uptake might be mediated by a specific transport system [4, 5]. Studies with cardiac cells and adipocytes showed fatty acid uptake to be a saturable phenomenon [6, 7]; furthermore fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes was inhibited by trypsin pretreatment of the cells [8]. Some investigators have argued that the apparent saturation of uptake observed in those studies, as well as the effect on uptake produced by sex hormones [9], fasting [10] and Clofibrate [11] reflected saturation of an intracellular metabolic step rather than of membrane transport [12, 13].
Applying a modified technology acceptance model to qualitatively analyse the factors affecting microblogging integration

The purpose of this research is to examine factors affecting students' perception and engagement of microblogging integration using a qualitative approach. We employed a qualitative case study design to explore potential factors affecting microblogging integration in a hybrid course. Using the technology acceptance model (TAM) model as an umbrella framework, we examined through in-depth interviews with 18 participants the impact of microblogging integration into instruction that affected students' reported use and perceptions of their microblogging-supported learning experiences. We found that individual differences, system characteristics, social influence and facilitating conditions all have impact on student participation and engagement in microblogging integration to varying degrees. We identified more granular factors within each of the four dimensions. Additionally, we proposed a Twitter user taxonomy based on perceived usefulness and usage behaviour and discussed its broad implications in higher education learning environments. Finally, we identified several pedagogical implications pertaining to strategies of microblogging integration under the context of a hybrid course and offered pertinent recommendations for future research.
Data Brushes: Interactive Style Transfer for Data Art

This paper introduces Data Brushes, an interactive web application to explore neural style transfer using models trained on data visualizations. Our application includes two distinct modes that invite casual creators to engage with deep convolutional neural networks to co-create custom artworks. The first mode, ‘magic markers’, mimics painting with a brush on a canvas, enabling users to paint a style onto selected areas of an image. The second mode, ‘compositing stamps’, uses a real-time method for applying style filters to selected portions of an image. Specifically, we focus on style transfer networks created from canonical and contemporary works of data visualization and data art in order to investigate the versatility and flexibility of the algorithm. In addition to enabling a novel creative workflow, the process of interactively modifying an image via multiple style transfer networks reveals meaningful features encoded within the networks, and provides insight into the effects particular networks have on different images, or different regions within a single image. To evaluate Data Brushes, we gathered expert feedback from participants of a data science symposium and ran an observational study, finding that our application facilitates the creative exploration of neural style transfer for data art and enhances user intuition regarding the expressive range of style transfer features.
Scoping out the Situation-One Hospital's Review of Flexible Endoscope Handling and Reprocessing Methods Within Acute Care and Ambulatory Settings

Background Literature recognizes the risks of inadequately reprocessed flexible endoscopes. Our growing academic medical center and ambulatory settings perform various methods of handling and reprocessing flexible endoscopes. We recognized the need to evaluate methods used in each location with a goal to standardize processes. Methods Using endoscopy and sterile processing department best practices as a standard for flexible endoscope reprocessing, direct observations were completed in 12 locations of the inpatient and outpatient settings over a 6 month period by a multidisciplinary team. An extensive auditing tool was used to identify stable practices and variances related to flexible endoscope cleaning and disinfection, storage, handling, transport, and documentation processes. Data was reviewed at multiple meetings during the process with leadership and staff from each location. A gap analysis was then performed based on evaluations completed in each location. Results Deviations were identified when compared to best practices used in endoscopy and sterile processing departments. Variations included methods for cleaning and disinfection, times manual cleaning is initiated, identification of reprocessing date versus expiration date, methods used for documentation, documentation of cleaning stages, methods for documenting patient traceability, methods for transporting, designs of storage cabinets, competencies and certifications, use of personal protective equipment, and repair procedures. Conclusions Our study found that adopting standardized processes is ideal to provide the most consistent method for flexible endoscope reprocessing. Due to environmental and monetary constraints in certain locations, deviations in best practice are allowed to continue at this time. All methods adhere to manufacturer instructions for use and ensure effective, safe handling and reprocessing of flexible endoscopes.
Support: Does the Model Work?

The expected-outcome model tends to elicit two immediate reactions: one positive, the other negative. The model has a very strong appeal because it is elegant, crisply defined, easily estimable, and above all, domain independent; its reliance on nothing more than a game's rules and outcomes makes it equally applicable to all two-player games. In addition to appearing even less accurate than the perfect-play assumption, it sacrifices the defensive edge gained by assuming a perfect opponent. Like most heuristic techniques, expected outcome's performance in a specific game can only be determined empirically. There is a simple class of game trees that has been analyzed fairly extensively—those with uniform branching factors and depths, and leaf values restricted to {WIN, LOSS}. It was on this class of trees that the minimax convergence and last player theorems were derived, and minimax pathology has been studied in the context of one particular subclass. This chapter presents an investigation of the expected-outcome model to find out the answers to several questions related to it.
Cardiac Imaging for Risk Assessment of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse

Recent studies have described the occurrence of complex ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death among patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). The reported incidence rate of sudden cardiac death or ventricular tachycardia is about 1-1.5% among patients with MVP. Various imaging markers have been associated with this increased risk, including mitral annular disjunction, replacement fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement, and mechanical dispersion. In this review, we briefly discuss how multimodality cardiac imaging can be applied to identify MVP patients with high risk of sudden cardiac death and complex ventricular arrhythmias.
Political turnover, regime type, and investment behavior

Firms and individuals condition their investment choices on domestic political factors in host countries. Existing research describes how government preferences and policy choices influence investm...
Using Floristic Analysis and Dendrochronology to Plan Ecological Restoration within a Forest–Prairie Ecotone

The limestone bluffs of the central Mississippi River Valley represent a significant portion of the remaining intermingled xeric hill prairie-savanna-woodland systems of the Midwest where different cover types may co-occur at very fine scales. Efforts to restore these landscapes would benefit from a data-driven tool to delineate existing vegetation cover characteristics and reconcile these with desired management outcomes on a spatially explicit basis. This study employed hierarchical cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling in combination with indicator species analysis and dendrochronological methods to examine the structure, composition, and temporal community patterns of the forest–prairie gradient in the Mississippi River Bluffs of Jersey County, Illinois. Four distinct community types were identified on the gradient: (1) a woodland community dominated by Juniperus virginiana, Carya glabra, Quercus stellata, and Lonicera maackii; (2) open oak woodland with high exposed soil and overstory of Acer saccharum, Q. velutina, and Q. muehlenbergii; (3) a hill prairie community with grass coverage as the sole indicator; and (4) a transitioning community with 14 significant indicators and a trajectory advancing toward mesophytic forest composition. These data, within context with stem age, historical documents, and drought data, reveal the role of historical disturbances in temporal patterns of forest–prairie dynamics and provide a resolution in greater detail than previous studies of forest and nonnative invasive shrub encroachment. Pairing management activities to stand conditions, as informed by understanding drivers of ecosystem change, provides continuity with historical disturbance regimes and an objective basis for restoration activities and targets.
Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Linkages Among Apec Economies

The Asia Pacific-Economic Co-operation (APEC) forum encompasses a heterogenous group of countries from Asia and the Pacific region, exhibiting enormous diversity in terms of the growth and size of population and real GDP, the industrial structure of production and trade, resource endowments, technological sophistication, living standards, socio-political institutions, and outward orientation. APEC’s importance in the global economy is significant and rapidly increasing. With a population in excess of 2 billion people, the eighteen APEC member countries had a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of US$ 13.5 trillion in 1993 (see Table 1; all tables are given in the appendix to this chapter). These countries together account for nearly 40 percent of world population, almost 60 percent of world output, and about 45 percent of world trade and foreign direct investment (FDI).
Iethodology for Evaluation of Image Enhancement Techniques

A two-phased experimental design is proposed for evaluation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image enhancement techniques. In SAR operation crew tasks are clearly differentiated into cognitive and psychomotor behaviors. Accordingly, Phase I static adaptive learning experiments are designed to assess cognitive (image interpretation) behavior, and Phase 2 real-time simulation experiments assess psychomotor behaviors associated with target designation and tracking. The two-phased paradigm can be effectively applied to any electro-optical image quality/enhancement design study. The two-phases are complementary and offer an improved and more cost effective methodology as contrasted to the use of classical ANOVA designs for the entire procedure.
Money and redistribution: Revisionist notes on a problem of samuelson

Abstract This paper disputes the view that money remedies a ‘friction’ of overlapping generations. Its arguments are based upon the numerical example of Samuelson (1958) . It shows that there is a one-to-one mapping from equilibria in a system of complete, timeless markets to the sequential equilibria usually studied. Friction is absent in that sense. Further, monetary injection is not unique in converting inefficiency to efficiency. The same conversion is possible in markets for consumption loans. The common factor of both conversions is redistribution of wealth prior to trade. Such redistributions correspond to redistributions of numeraire in complete, timeless markets.
Levels and Patterns of Intellectual Functioning Among LD College Students: Clinical and Educational Implications

The purpose of this study was to examine levels and patterns of intellectual functioning in 31 LD college females, 17-25. The goal was to provide descriptive data to assist colleges in identifying potentially successful LD college students and in providing needed support services. Mean Verbal and Performance IQ was within the average range and surprisingly even. The mean V-P IQ discrepancy was 10.60; seven subjects had a discrepancy of $15. The three highest mean scaled scores were on the Digit Symbol, Similarities, and Comprehension subtests, while the three lowest were on the Digit Span, Information, and Arithmetic. Scatter on all subtests ranged from five to 13 (M = 6.00). Scatter on the Verbal Scale subtests was greater than on the Performance Scale subtest (M = 6.03 and 5.61, respectively.) The hierarchy of category scores was Verbal Conceptualization < Spatial < Sequential < ACID < Acquired Knowledge. The clinical and educational implications of these findings are discussed, including possible sex-r...
Expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element binding protein in acute leukemia

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear protein that regulates expression of genes that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. To analyze CREB expression in leukemia cells, we conducted Western blot analysis of bone marrow cells obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and patients without active leukemia. CREB was expressed at a higher frequency in bone marrow cells from patients with acute lymphoid or myeloid leukemia than in patients with leukemia remission or without leukemia. Our results indicate that CREB expression could be a useful marker for leukemia in patients with acute disease and suggest a role for CREB in leukemogenesis.
Abstract 3899: PCB153-induced angiogenesis depends on redoxsensitive Pyk2 signaling.

Estrogenic chemicals have been shown to increase the expression of the growth factor VEGF in breast cancer cells. Hence, there is some concern that environmental exposure to estrogenic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may excacerbate the growth of breast cancer via angiogenesis. Highly metastatic breast cancer cells exposed to PCB153 have been reported to produce a significantly greater amount of ROS compared to non-metastatic breast cancer cells. A number of paracrine effects have been reported in tumors exposed to estrogen, however, the role of estrogen-induced ROS in signaling tumor angiogenesis remains to be defined. We previously reported that PCB-induced angiogenesis can be blocked by Pyk2 siRNA. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether Pyk2 small molecule inhibitors block PCB-induced vascularization in a 3-D breast tumor model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were used to study the effect of small molecule inhibitors. The effect of Pyk2 inhibition on breast tumor spheroid angiogenesis was tested in a 3-D co-culture of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to PCB153 produced ROS most likely H 2 O 2 ; therefore we determined whether external H 2 O 2 exposure increased DNA synthesis of vascular endothelial cells. Our results showed a significant increase in DNA synthesis from exposure to H 2 O 2 for 18hrs. Breast tumor spheroids treated with PF431396 or Pyk2 siRNA showed a significant reduction in microvessel sprouting and length when compared to control. Confocal microscopy of endothelial cells co-cultured with smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts further showed a significant increase in endothelial cell branching when exposed to PCB153. The effects of PCB153 on endothelial cells in co-culture were inhibited by treatments with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. We have provided evidence for the role of Pyk2 redox signaling in the aggressive angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells. Our results suggest that metastatic breast cancer cells exposed to PCBs release ROS that may directly activate the redox sensitive kinase Pyk2 in neighboring endothelial cells. Consequently, Pyk2 redox signaling in neighboring endothelial cells may promote the aggressive spread of breast cancer. Citation Format: Jayanta K. Das, Quentin H. Felty. PCB153-induced angiogenesis depends on redoxsensitive Pyk2 signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3899. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3899
On Selecting Indirect Ordination Methods

The purpose of this paper is to compare some indirect ordination methods to determine which can best extract information from real phytosociological data. There are several comparative studies of such techniques, but few employ field data. I have distilled from the literature several hypotheses concerning the relative merits of polar ordination (PO), principal components analysis (PCA), reciprocal averaging (RA), and multidimensional scaling (MDS). Each method was applied to data from an alpine fell-field to test the following hypotheses.
Thermal cycling distortion of metal ceramics: Part I—Metal collar width

The complex three-dimensional geometry of conventional full crown restorations severely complicates the study of thermal cycling distortion in metal ceramic castings. A simplified experimental geometry was developed to (1) maximize the measuring sensitivity, (2) eliminate the casting variables, (3) allow the direct measurement of casting distortion, and (4) evaluate the thermal cycling distortion of a wide range of metal collar widths. It was found that all of the one-walled castings distorted during the initial thermal cycling (oxidation) of the alloy. There was no significant distortion associated with porcelain application or glazing. The castings with an 0.8 mm metal collar had significantly less distortion than those with 0.1 and 0.4 mm collars at 2 of the 10 sites measured (inferior or facial margins).
Chromosomal distribution of the telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n in the Equidae

Telomeres are a class of repetitive DNA sequences that are located at chromosome termini and that act to stabilize the chromosome ends. The rapid karyotypic evolution of the genus Equus</i
Crustal Evolution and Metallogeny in India

Crustal Evolution and Metallogeny in India . Sanjib Chandra Sarkar and Anupendu Gupta. 2012. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 840 p. Appendix of 40 glossy plates. ISBN 978-1-107-00715-4. $US140.00. This lengthy volume is a comprehensive contribution to earth science literature that attempts to summarize our present-day basic knowledge of regional geology and ore deposits in India. The lead author has been one of India’s most prominent economic geologists for almost 50 years and the second author is a past Deputy Director of the Geological Survey of India; they are two of the more respected experts on the country’s geology and mineral resources. The volume divides India into seven areas, each represented by a chapter, with one section entitled “Geology and Crustal Evolution” and another, “Metallogeny.” It concludes with a final chapter on India’s geology and mineral deposits within a broader global framework. The book opens with an initial chapter on southern India, which includes the Dharwar and Southern Granulite provinces. It includes only five pages on the Kolar goldfields, India’s historically most important gold producer, and an upto-date section on the presently producing Hutti gold deposit. The BIF-hosted iron ores of Karnataka state, rare earths in beach sands, and bauxite resources are also described. Only one page addresses the Mangampeta bedded barite deposit, which contains almost 25% of the global barite resource. Chapter 2 discusses the Bundelkhand (northern) and Bastar (southern) provinces of the central Indian shield. The region contains important deposits of Mn, bauxite, and Fe-rich BIFs, with the latter covered through 20 pages of the text, which include a description of the …
Tellurium: A New Sensitive Test

A new, extremely sensitive method for the quantitative determination of tellurium is based on the induced precipitation of elemental gold from a 6N HCl solution containing gold chloride, cupric chloride, and hypophosphorous acid; the amount of gold reduced is proportional to the amount of tellurium present. As little as 1 nanogram (1 X 1O-9 g) of tellurium gives a measurable reaction with 1 mg of gold in 50 ml of solution.
Continuing issues with Lead: Recent Advances in Detection.

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Partha Basu at Duquesne University. The cover image shows the various sources of contamination of water by lead and the detection of Pb2+ by a fluorescent sensor called Leadglow.
Femtosecond Chemically Activated Reactions: Concept of Nonstatistical Activation at High Thermal Energies

Femtosecond chemical activation of reactions at very high thermal energies, much above the bond energy, is developed in this report. We address the concept of nonstatistical dynamics at such high energies. The approach offers a new direction for probing the dynamics of reactions in their ground state with unique activation, collision-free, and temporally and spatially defined.
Relationship of V, i and L alleles with malting quality of bonneville barley

Abstract We investigated the effects on barley, Hordeum vulgare, kernel and malt quality of two- vs six-row (V vs ν), fertile vs sterile lateral floret (I vs i) and lax vs dense spike (L vs l) alleles. ‘Bonneville’, CI 7248, (vvIIll) is a six-row, club barley, and ‘Compana’ CI 5438 (VViiLL) is a two-row, semi-lax barley. The material used was derived from the cross Bonneville∗7/Compana. The eight possible homozygous genotypes of the three loci listed above were studied. Since each of these aleles was likely transferred in a gene block, the effects of these blocks containing the respective alleles were measured on eleven barley kernel and malt quality traits. Grain was produced at twelve widely diverse dryland and irrigated locations in the western United States. Differences among the eight isogenics and the recurrent parent were measured for eight of the eleven quality parameters studied. The two-row allele (V) was associated with increased grain protein content, kernel weight, kernel plumpness, diastatic power, alpha-amylase and wort N over the six-row allele (ν) with increases of 2.2%, 13.53 mg, 18.2%, 24.0°L, 0.9 units and 0.07%, respectively. The two-row allele was associated with decreased malt extract (0.84% point) and wort N : malt N ratio (0.6). The lax spike allele (L) was associated with reduced kernel weight (1.9 mg), wort N : malt N ratio (0.6), and alpha-amylase activity (0.7 units). The fertile lateral floret allele (i) was associated with reduced grain protein content (0.3% point), alpha-amylase (0.63 units) and wort N (0.02% point). Interactions between the V and I alleles were significant for grain protein percent, malt extract, diastatic power and wort N percent.
Top-down syntax analysis

The theory and practice of classical "top-down" parsing methods is presented in a tutorial manner.
Work in progress — Programming assignment summary for analysis, qualitative assessment and continuous improvement in CS1 — CS3

Homework assignments are essential for skills development in a first or second year programming course (CS1 — CS3), and instructors who assign homework in CS1 — CS3 would like submitted solutions to accurately reflect student performance. Unfortunately, this is hard to gage when students increasingly have access to solutions on the internet and are frequently encouraged to collaborate. To address these concerns, we incorporated a summary into the list of programming assignment requirements. Though it serves many roles, including as a vehicle for analysis of course topics, it's most important role is as qualitative measure of an individual students' performance (which indirectly informs their quantitative assessment). This paper describes this assignment summary: including its original purpose, example analysis and summary questions, textual analysis of student responses, and preliminary correlations between responses and student assignment scores.
Chapel: a versatile tool for teaching undergraduates parallel programming (abstract only)

Chapel is a programming language being developed for high-performance applications. It is well suited for teaching parallelism in a wide variety of undergrad courses. Chapel is easy to learn since it supports a low-overhead style like a scripting language as well as a full OO style. It is concise, needing a single keyword to launch an asynchronous task, run a parallel loop, or perform a reduction. This helps undergrads focus on the main point of examples and lets them quickly try different parallel algorithms. It is also versatile, usable on both multicore systems and clusters. In this workshop, attendees will learn basics of Chapel, complete hands-on exercises, and see possible uses in algorithms, programming languages, and parallel programming courses. Laptop with SSH client required.
Marketing a community mental health center.

The author describes the application of marketing principles to the development of a public community mental health center.
Concurrent and discriminant validity of DSM-IV symptoms of impaired control over alcohol consumption in adolescents.

Background: Little research has examined impaired control over alcohol consumption in adolescents. This study examined the concurrent and discriminant validity of two DSM-IV dependence criteria that reflect impaired control over drinking: “using more or longer than intended” (Larger/Longer) and “persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to quit or cut down” (Quit/Cut Down). Methods: Adolescent drinkers, ages 13–19 (N= 173), were recruited from addictions treatment (76%) and community sources (24%). A modified SCID that included assessment of alcohol craving and questionnaires measuring dependence severity, attempts to limit drinking, and impulsivity were administered. Results: Larger/Longer had higher prevalence and an earlier onset than Quit/Cut Down, suggesting that the symptoms respectively represent milder and more severe manifestations of impaired control over drinking. Both symptoms were associated with drinking frequency, dependence severity, episodes of passing out, and an independent measure of unsuccessful attempts to limit drinking. Alcohol craving was associated with both Larger/Longer and Quit/Cut Down. Impulsivity was correlated with Larger/Longer but not Quit/Cut Down. Conclusions: Larger/Longer and Quit/Cut Down demonstrated adequate concurrent validity. The two symptoms were distinguished by severity and differential relations with impulsivity, suggesting that Larger/Longer and Quit/Cut Down reflect different types of impaired control over alcohol consumption. Results suggest the need for improved description and scaling of the impaired control construct in adolescents.
Factors associated with inadequate blood pressure control in hypertensive hemodialysis patients

Hypertension is common in hemodialysis patients and increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We determined the prevalence of inadequate control of hypertension in 489 patients receiving hemodialysis and identified factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension. We interviewed the patients and abstracted demographic and clinical information from a computerized database. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension (average predialysis blood pressure, > or =160/90 mm Hg) was 62%. Ninety-one percent of patients with uncontrolled hypertension were receiving submaximal antihypertensive drug therapy, and 59% withheld their medications before dialysis. Uncontrolled hypertensives had a greater interdialytic weight gain (3.8% v 3.5%, P = 0.07) and a greater excess weight gain (3.1 +/- 1.6 kg v 2.5 +/- 1.4 kg; P < 0.05) compared with controlled hypertensives. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension showed higher interdialytic weight gain (2.7 +/- 0.06 kg v 2.2 +/- 0.13 kg; P < 0.05), were more likely to be black (94% v 81%; P < 0.05), were more likely to have hypertension as the cause of their end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (42% v 24%; P < 0.05), and had been receiving hemodialysis for a shorter time (4.3 +/- 2 yr v 6.1 +/- 0.9 yr; P < 0.05) compared with normotensive patients. There was significant correlation between diastolic blood pressure and both interdialytic weight gain (r = 0.31, P < 0.05) and percent weight gain (r = 0.34, P < 0.05) in the hypertensive but not in the normotensive patients (r = -0.21). Interdialytic weight gain and hypertension as a cause of ESRD were independent predictors of predialysis systolic blood pressure. We conclude that hypertension is uncontrolled in most patients undergoing hemodialysis. Submaximal antihypertensive therapy, excessive interdialytic weight gain, and withholding antihypertensive medication before dialysis are correctable factors potentially contributing to uncontrolled hypertension.
The sign of photocarriers and thermal quenching of photoconductivity in a-SiH

The temperature TQ of thermal quenching of the photoconductivity σ p was found to increase monotonically as the Fermi energy is raised through the gap center from p-type to n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The sign of the majority photocarriers, determined from the magnitude of the drift mobility, changes with increasing T from negative at T TQ for both p- and n-type samples. By using subgap light, hv σ p / eG of electrons in n-type samples is 5 times larger than that of holes in p-type samples for T σ p at low T and in sufficiently strongly doped p-type samples the electron contribution is negligible.
Aggravation transitoire et tardive d’une hypothyroïdie après by-pass : attention à la supplémentation vitaminique

Introduction Le traitement par LT4 doit souvent etre diminue au decours de la chirurgie bariatrique du fait de la perte de poids. Dans certains cas cependant on peut noter une aggravation de l’hypothyroidie. Observation Une femme de 60 ans ayant beneficie de toutes les interventions disponibles : anneau en 2007, sleeve en 2009 et by-pass en 2011 presente 20 mois apres son by-pass une augmentation de sa TSH malgre une prise quotidienne de LT4 150 μg. Elle n’a pas recu de generique, son poids n’a pas varie. On note 3 mois auparavant la mise en place d’une substitution par vitamine C et fumafer en sus de ses complements vitaminiques habituels : Alvityl 2 cp/j, Uvedose 1 ampoule tous les 3 mois et vitamine B12 1000 μg par semaine. La TSH est passee de 1,67 μU/ml a 22 μU/ml, avec une T4L normale, le traitement par LT4 a ete augmente a 175 μg/j. Six semaines plus tard alors qu’elle ne prend plus de vitamine C et de fer depuis 1 mois, la TSH est controlee a 0,18 μU/ml. Nous reprenons son dosage de LT4 anterieur a 150 μg/j. Discussion et Conclusion L’ingestion concomitante de fer et de LT4 diminue l’absorption de la LT4 par formation d’un complexe insoluble due a la fixation de 3 molecules de LT4 sur un ion Fe3+. La LT4 doit etre prise a jeun et a distance de la supplementation en fer mais egalement en calcium.
Reliability of display technologies in A-10 cockpit based on field experience

The 25-year old A-10A aircraft is being upgraded to last an additional 25 years. Precision engagement capability is being added. The reliability of current displays is analyzed to assess the performance achieved with the technologies involved in regular operations. Opportunities for upgrades that would save operational costs over the next 10 years are identified. The current assessment also includes end-user feedback to capture lessons learned to guide upgrades in other systems and to guide science and technology planning to address near- and far-term problems with fielded display technologies.
Magnetoelectric to multiferroic phase transitions

It is shown that in the vicinity of magnetoelectric to multiferroic phase transitions the magnetoelectric coefficient α acquires gigantic values.
Characterization of metastable intermediates formed in the reaction between a Mn(II) complex and dioxygen, including a crystallographic structure of a binuclear Mn(III)-peroxo species.

Transition-metal peroxos have been implicated as key intermediates in a variety of critical biological processes involving O2. Because of their highly reactive nature, very few metal–peroxos have b...
KOHN-SHAM METHOD AS A FREE-ENERGY MINIMIZATION AT INFINITE TEMPERATURE

Given an electronic system in its ground state, having N electrons moving in the field of nuclei generating a potential ${\mathrm{v}}_{0}$ and accurate electron density ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$, it is demonstrated that the exact Kohn-Sham equations result from a minimization with respect to \ensuremath{\rho}, at some very high temperature \ensuremath{\theta}, of a free energy functional ${\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}$[\ensuremath{\rho},${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$]=${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{s}}$[\ensuremath{\rho}]+〈\ensuremath{\rho}|${\mathrm{v}}_{0}$〉+J[\ensuremath{\rho}](1-1/N)-\ensuremath{\theta}S[\ensuremath{\rho},${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$], where S[\ensuremath{\rho},${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$]=-〈\ensuremath{\rho} ln (\ensuremath{\rho}/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{0}$)〉. The infinite-\ensuremath{\theta} minimum of ${\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}$ is, within an error so far found to be less than the correlation energy, equal to the total electronic energy of the system.
A systematic review of telehealth tools and interventions to support family caregivers

We conducted a systematic review of studies employing telehealth interventions which focused on family caregivers' outcomes. The Embase, CINHAL, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched using combinations of keywords including "telehealth," "telemedicine," "telecare," "telemonitoring," "caregiver" and "family." The initial search produced 4205 articles, of which 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles included 52 experimental studies, 11 evaluation studies, one case study and one secondary analysis. Thirty-three articles focused on family caregivers of adult and older patients, while 32 articles focused on parental caregivers of paediatric patients. The technologies included video, web-based, telephone-based and telemetry/remote monitoring. Six main categories of interventions were delivered via technology: education, consultation (including decision support), psychosocial/cognitive behavioural therapy (including problem solving training), social support, data collection and monitoring, and clinical care delivery. More than 95% of the studies reported significant improvements in the caregivers' outcomes and that caregivers were satisfied and comfortable with telehealth. The review showed that telehealth can positively affect chronic disease care, home and hospice care.
Measurement and prediction of dissociation pressures of isobutane and propane hydrates below the ice point

A gravimetric technique has been developed for measuring three phase vaporice-hydrate (VIH) equilibria. This technique has been used for measuring VIH dissociation pressures for propane and isobutane hydrates to temperatures as low as 241.4 K. Kihara parameters, based upon the experimental dissociation pressure data, have been obtained. Because the range of experimental three phase equilibrium data has been considerably extended, the parameters based on this data should be more useful in predicting hydrate dissociation pressures.
Age and sex composition of family groups in shopping and recreational settings

Abstract The age and sex compositions of 3838 family groups exiting shopping malls and the zoo were recorded and analyzed for patterns in parental accompaniment of children. The findings included higher relative frequencies of both-parent groups at the zoo, greater likelihood of both parents accompanying young children, and greater likelihood of the mother than the father accompanying the single child, especially daughters at the shopping centers. The presence of more than one child increases the likelihood of both parents being present. Father involvement is seen as high in escorting children to public settings.
Beta decay calculations with Kuo's realistic matrix elements☆

Abstract The wave functions of the nuclei 14C and 14N were calculated using shell model matrix elements obtained from the Hamada-Johnston potential. This interaction has a tensor part and fits two nucleon scattering data to several hundred MeV. Provided one is allowed to vary the p 1 2 −p 3 2 single particlesplitting,one can explain the fact that the β transition rate from 14C to 14N is very nearly zero. A p 1 2 − p 3 2 splitting of 9.2 MeV is required as compared with the experimental value of 6.3 MeV. With the central Kallio-Kolltveit interaction, it is not possible to get a vanishing transition rate, no matter what value of the spin orbit splitting is chosen. The Hamada-Johnston interaction leads to a very reasonable result for the very fast transition 18 Ne → 18 F - log ft = 2.92 as compared with the experimental value 3.05.
In situ Near-Infrared Internal Reflection Spectroscopy for Surfactant Adsorption Reactions Using Reactive Internal Reflection Elements

The near-infrared (NIR) (12,000-4000 cm−1) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, between the mid-infrared and visible, has often been viewed by spectroscopists to be of limited utility. This is unfortunate, and recently the use of the NIR has increased greatly, primarily for the quantitative analysis of food and agricultural products. However, many other areas of application of NIR spectroscopy remain unexamined. In this paper a novel use of NIR in the area of surface chemistry is demonstrated. Specifically, it is shown that NIR/Internal Reflection Spectroscopy (IRS) can be used to quantify surfactant adsorption reactions in situ.
Perils of categorical thinking: “Oxic/anoxic” conceptual model in environmental remediation

Given ambient atmospheric oxygen concentrations of about 21 percent (by volume), the lower limit for reliable quantitation of dissolved oxygen concentrations in groundwater samples is in the range of 0.1–0.5 mg/L. Frameworks for assessing in situ redox condition are often applied using a simple two-category (oxic/anoxic) model of oxygen condition. The “oxic” category defines the environmental range in which dissolved oxygen concentrations are clearly expected to impact contaminant biodegradation, either by supporting aerobic biodegradation of electron-donor contaminants like petroleum hydrocarbons or by inhibiting anaerobic biodegradation of electron-acceptor contaminants like chloroethenes. The tendency to label the second category “anoxic” leads to an invalid assumption that oxygen is insignificant when, in fact, the dissolved oxygen concentration is less than detection but otherwise unknown. Expressing dissolved oxygen concentrations as numbers of molecules per volume, dissolved oxygen concentrations that fall below the 0.1 mg/L field detection limit range from 1 to 1017 molecules/L. In light of recent demonstrations of substantial oxygen-linked biodegradation of chloroethene contaminants at dissolved oxygen concentrations well below the 0.1–0.5 mg/L field detection limit, characterizing “less than detection” oxygen concentrations as “insignificant” is invalid. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost-Effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Deployment in a Medium-Sized Area: Case Study with ITS Deployment Analysis System

To help transportation planners, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has recently sponsored the development of a sketch planning analysis tool for estimating the benefits and costs of intelligence transportation system (ITS) deployment. Called the ITS Deployment Analysis System (IDAS), the tool was developed by Cambridge Systematics for FHWA and operates as a postprocessor to traditional planning models that are based on the four-step planning process. IDAS was used to predict the likely benefits of deploying ITS in Chittenden County, Vermont, a medium-sized region in northwestern Vermont, to gain insight into IDAS' applicability in evaluating ITS benefits. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the sensitivity of IDAS' results to the choice of values of some of the model's parameters. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that some of the model's parameters tend to have a more significant impact on the results than others. Finally, the results indicate that, for medium-sized areas simi...
Atypical Patent Ductus Arteriosus The Use of a Vasopressor Agent as a Diagnostic Aid

Approximately 95 per cent of patients with patent ductus have characteristic machinery murmurs. Five per cent have only systolic murmurs. In such patients, the intravenous or intramuscular administration of a pressor substance, mephentermine, may bring out a continuous murmur. This simple test is a useful adjunct in diagnosis.
The Meaning of “Natural” Process More Important Than Content

The meaning of the desirable attribute “natural” was explored in two samples, American college students and adults in the Philadelphia jury pool. Participants rated the naturalness of a variety of “natural” entities, before and after they were transformed by operations such as freezing, adding or removing components, mixing with other natural or unnatural entities, domestication, and genetic engineering. Results support four hypotheses. First, the principle of contagion accounts for many aspects of the reduction of naturalness by contact with unnatural entities. Second, chemical transformations reduce naturalness much more than physical transformations do. Third, the history of an entity's processing is more important in determining its naturalness than is the nature of the entity's contents. Fourth, mixing like natural entities (e.g., water from different sources) does not markedly reduce naturalness. The insertion of a gene from another species, the process used in producing genetically modified organis...
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status and risk of insecticide exposure.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL associated enzyme that catalyzes a number of different reactions including the hydrolysis of the toxic oxon metabolites of the insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos. PON1 has also been implicated in the detoxication of oxidized lipids and the metabolism of a number of drugs, activating some, while inactivating others. There are two common PON1 coding region polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R). The latter determines the catalytic efficiency of hydrolysis of a number of substrates including chlorpyrifos oxon, but not diazoxon. Evidence for the physiological importance of PON1 in modulating exposures to these two insecticides comes from several different studies. Early studies noted that species with high levels of PON1 were much more resistant to certain organophosphorus (OP) insecticides than were species with low levels. Another early study by Main demonstrated that injected rabbit paraoxonase protected rats from paraoxon toxicity. Our research group began the development of a mouse model system for examining the importance of PON1 in the detoxication of OP insecticides.
VECTOR-VALUED INTENSITY MEASURES FOR PULSE-LIKE NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTIONS

Abstract A vector-valued intensity measure (IM) is shown to account for the effects of pulse-like near-fault ground motions. This class of ground motions, which are indicated by the presence of a velocity pulse, can cause large responses in structures and their effects are not well described by traditional intensity measures such as spectral acceleration at the structure’s first-mode period, S a ( T 1 ) . It is seen that the period of the velocity pulse is an important parameter affecting structural response, and a vector intensity measure which combines S a ( T 1 ) with a measure of spectral shape is much more effective at accounting for the effects of this pulse period. By performing probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for this IM and combining the results with predictions of structural response as a function of the IM, it is possible to account for near-fault effects when assessing the reliability of structures located at sites where pulse-like ground motions may occur.
S4-02-06: Integrative approach targeting neuroinflammation

Background: Neuroinflammation as a component of CNS disease is a complex process that involves a diversity of changes in products produced by glia. One change is the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to diverse stressors. Clinical observations and preclinical animal studies identify increased cytokine production as a potential contributor to disease progression, requiring that it be tested as a potential drug discovery target for CNS disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Because restoration of homeostasis is the goal, candidate therapies must be selective in their action (i.e., NOT pan-suppressors of glia function). Current FDA-approved drugs that modulate cytokine function are macromolecules, which have disadvantages for chronic CNS disorders. Therefore, there is a critical unmet need for small molecule, orally active, brain-penetrant compounds that can reduce excessive proinflammatory cytokine production by glia back towards basal levels with resultant improvement in neurologic outcomes. To address this need, we are using a de novo synthetic chemistry platform integrated with hierarchal biology screening to develop candidate compounds that attenuate excessive proinflammatory cytokine production and modify disease progression in animal models. Methods: We refer to the approach as use of “smart chemistry” integrated with “smart biology”. An inactive core scaffold was subjected to focused chemical diversification based on chemoinformatics and pharmacoinformatics to generative novel compounds that were prioritized based on screening their promise for metabolic stability, oral bioavailability, brain uptake, and lack of toxicity. Qualified compounds were subjected to efficacy testing in animal models. Results: Novel candidate compounds emerged within an accelerated timeline and limited budget. The unbiased, function-driven approach yielded one group of analogs referred to as the Minozac family, whereas the single molecular target approach that was focused on a protein kinase candidate yielded the Minokine family of compounds. Both Minozac and Minokine are efficacious in an AD-relevant animal model. Conclusions: The integrative approach, being increasingly adopted in academia and industry, allows for rapid and efficient discovery of novel small molecules that are candidates for therapeutic development campaigns focused on modification of disease progression.
Biosynthesis of limonoid glucosides in lemon (Citrus limon)

TLC analyses of lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm f) fruit at various stages of maturity showed that limonoid glucosides were synthesised during the late stages of fruit growth. No limonoid glucosides were found in the stem and leaf. Use of radioactive tracers showed that 14C-nomilin was converted to 14C-nomilin 17-β-D-glucopyranoside in fruit tissues and seeds. Glucosides are indeed the major end products of limonoid metabolism.