cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief report: Resident recognition of low literacy as a risk factor in hospital readmission

BACKGROUND: Low literacy is associated with poor self-management of disease and increased hospitalization, yet few studies have explored the extent to which physicians consider literacy in their patient care. OBJECTIVE: To examine trainee recognition of low literacy as a potential factor in patient adherence and hospital readmission. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized study of 98 Internal Medicine residents and medical students. Trainees reviewed a case history and completed a questionnaire pertaining to a fictional patient’s hospital readmission. Case version A contained clues to suggest limited patient literacy skills, while version B did not. Responses were reviewed for mention of low literacy and educational strategies recommended for low-literate patients. RESULTS: Few trainees raised the possibility of low patient literacy, even when provided clues (25% in Group A vs 4% in Group B, P=.003). Furthermore, while most trainees listed patient education as an important means of preventing another readmission, only 16% suggested using a strategy recommended for low-literate adults. CONCLUSION: Few trainees recognized low literacy as a potential factor in patient nonadherence and hospital readmission, and few recommended low-literate educational strategies. Medical residents and students may benefit from additional training in the recognition and counseling of low-literate patients.
Genetic studies with heteroduplex DNA of bacteriophage f1. Asymmetric segregation, base correction and implications for the mechanism of genetic recombination☆

Heteroduplex DNA of bacteriophage f1 constructed in vitro was used to transfect Escherichia coli. The progeny phage produced were analyzed by genetic means. A strongly asymmetric transfer of information was observed. This result shows that one strand—usually the minus strand—determines in large part the genotypes of progeny phage. These results are discussed in the light of the available information on DNA duplication. Evidence for an activity that corrects mismatched bases will be presented and discussed. Heteroduplex molecules which were heterozygous at the sites that govern sensitivity to B restriction and modification were constructed and analyzed in restricting and non-restricting hosts. Results of these studies give support to a model for f1 genetic recombination that envisages asymmetric heteroduplex formation as an intermediate. These results are discussed in relation to earlier data.
Segments from modified human fibrinogen.

Abstract This paper describes an unusual segment aggregate of modified human fibrinogen that reveals where the molecules begin and end. Electron micrographs of these arrays display a strikingly simple band pattern with a repeat of about 400 A, or nearly twice that of fibrin fibers. Preliminary analysis indicates that the molecules are packed with their ends in register, unlike the packing inferred for fibrin and for microcrystals and crystals of fibrinogen. The staining of the segments indicates that the mass distribution of fibrinogen is similar but not identical to the Hall & Slayter (1959) model for the molecule.
Protein-protein proximity in the association of ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli: crosslinking of 30 S protein S16 to 50 S proteins by glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde.

The interaction of ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli has been studied using crosslinking reagents. Radioactive 35S-labeled 50 S subunits and non-radioactive 30 S subunits were allowed to reassociate to form 70 S ribosomes. The 70 S particles, containing radioactivity only in the 50 S protein moiety, were incubated with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde. As a result of this treatment a substantial fraction of the 70 S particles did not dissociate at 1 mm-Mg2+. This fraction was isolated and the ribosomal proteins were extracted. The protein mixture was analyzed by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique by using eighteen antisera prepared against single 30 S ribosomal proteins (all except those against S3, S15 and S17). As a result of the crosslinking procedure it was found that only anti-S16 co-precipitated 35S-labeled 50 S protein. It is concluded that the 30 S protein S16 is at or near the site of interaction between subunits and can become crosslinked to one or more 50 S ribosomal proteins.
An efficient locking and unlocking method of sequential systems

In this paper, we propose an efficient locking and unlocking method for sequential systems. The method is based on extracting and utilizing an inherent property of synchronicity directly from the original sequential system without modifying the system. We analyze the synchronicity property in the context of sequential locking and unlocking function. We address the advantages and limitations of proposed method. The feasibility of proposed method is also demonstrated.
Political Economy as a Paradigm for the Study of Islamic History

Two frameworks of interpretation of history and society have long struggled with each other in the West and in the Islamic world: one is the modernization theory of the American type, aligned at times with the older orientalism, the other is some form of political economy. In the 1970s, the theory of political economy made a belated arrival in American intellectual life and still has scarcely the prestige it has in France, Germany, Italy, or the Islamic countries.
Motor complications, levodopa metabolism and progression of Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is an essential component of neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinically, progression of PD is also characterised by onset of motor complications (MC). MC results from the peripheral and central degree of fluctuations of levodopa (LD) and of dopamine. Areas covered: This review highlights aspects of LD and dopamine metabolism in chronic neurodegeneration in PD. A Medline search (terms: homocysteine, LD, PD, progression [from 2000 onwards]) was performed and considered preclinical and clinical investigations. The author discusses pharmacokinetic and metabolic aspects of chronic LD administration in PD patients and provides a therapeutic concept to reduce probable PD accelerating consequences of chronic LD application. Expert opinion: The author suggests that the future ‘ideal’ oral LD therapy should be homocysteine-reducing, methyl-group-donating, oxidative-stress-decreasing and antiglutamatergic while also allowing continuous delivery to the brain. This may slow t...
A discussion on power factor, quality factor and efficiency of small antennas

Here, we review these definitions and compare the actual power factors (Q's) of fundamental antenna elements to the behavior expected from these definitions. Specifically, we examine the frequency dependence of power factor (Q) and efficiency as a function of decreasing frequency.
Assurance Based Development of Critical Systems

Assurance based development (ABD) is the synergistic construction of a critical computing system and an assurance case that sets out the dependability claims for the system and argues that the available evidence justifies those claims. Co-developing the system and its assurance case helps software developers to make technology choices that address the specific dependability goal of each component. This approach gives developers: (1) confidence that the technologies selected will support the system's dependability goal and (2) flexibility to deploy expensive technology, such as formal verification, only on components whose assurance needs demand it. ABD simplifies the detection - and thereby avoidance - of potential assurance difficulties as they arise, rather than after development is complete. In this paper, we present ABD together with a case study of its use.
Demonstration of a Sex Pheromone of the Yellow Scale, Aonidiella citrina

The female scale, Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) was demonstrated to have a sex pheromone when bioassays were made in the laboratory. Peak flight activity of the male was adjusted by altering the photophase so that it occurred after 15.5 hours of scotophase. Individual males were attracted to single, mature, virgin, intact females in Munger cages and to single, mature, virgin, crushed females on drops of paraffin in petri dishes. Also, males in free flight were attracted to intact females in Munger cages on the rotating wheel olfactometer. Individual females began to release pheromone when they were 25 to 33 days old when held at 25°C and 70% relative humidity.
Balancing the heart and the lungs in children with large cardiac shunts

This article reviews the pathophysiology of cardiorespiratory problems in children with cardiac shunt lesions. The close anatomical and physiological relationship of the heart and the lungs explains why disease in one system will affect the other. The pulmonary and cardiac circulations are inseparable. The cardiac system is a dual pump system (right and left ventricle) with the lungs in between (Fig. 1). The first pump circulates the venous blood to the lungs and the second pump circulates the arterial blood to the body. CME January 2013 Vol. 31 No. 1
Taming Web Services in the Wild

Service-oriented computing (SOC) enables organizations and individual users to discover openly-accessible capabilities realized as services over the Internet. Research in this area focuses on techniques for managing the messages that flow into and out of these services to ultimately compose higher-level functions. In our work, we investigate the nature of message definitions by analyzing real, fully-operational Web services currently available on the Internet (i.e., from the wild). By leveraging insights into how real Web service messages are defined, we develop enhanced syntactical methods to best aggregate these messages and ultimately the Web services
Insights from Angiogenesis Trials Using Fibroblast Growth Factor for Advanced Arteriosclerotic Disease

Abstract The aim of therapeutic angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease states is to improve myocardial and peripheral extremity perfusion and function within ischemic regions that are not amenable to traditional modes of revascularization. Substantial “proof of concept,” efficacy, and safety data have emerged from numerous animal models and clinical trials that fibroblast growth factor (FGF), when administered by various delivery strategies, has a therapeutic angiogenic capacity. This initial excitement has been replaced by cautious optimism in the wake of results from larger, randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trials of both FGF gene and protein administration. A greater understanding of the profound placebo effect, careful patient selection, and improved endpoint assessment are factors that need to be addressed in this rapidly evolving era of molecular therapeutics.
Guiding and Verifying Early Design Using Qualitative Simulation

Design of a system starts with functional requirements and expected contexts of use. Early design sketches create a topology of components that a designer expects can satisfy the requirements. The methodology described here enables a designer to test an early design qualitatively against qualitative versions of the requirements and environment. Components can be specified with qualitative relations of the output to inputs, and one can create similar qualitative models of requirements, contexts of use and the environment. No numeric parameter values need to be specified to test a design. Our qualitative approach (QRM) simulates the behavior of the design, producing an envisionment (graph of qualitative states) that represents all qualitatively distinct behaviors of the system in the context of use. In this paper, we show how the envisionment can be used to verify the reachability of required states, to identify implicit requirements that should be made explicit, and to provide guidance for detailed design. Furthermore, we illustrate the utility of qualitative simulation in the context of a topological design space exploration tool.
Intrinsic Ictal Dynamics at the Seizure Focus: Effects of Secondary Generalization Revealed by Complexity Measures

Summary: Purpose: Partial seizures (PSs) may be self-limited regional events or propagate further and secondarily generalize. The mechanisms and dynamics of secondarily generalized tonic‐ clonic seizures (GTCSs) are not well understood. Methods with which to assess the dynamic of those events are also limited. Methods: Seizures were analyzed from patients with intractable partial seizures undergoing monitoring with intracranial electrodes. Inclusion in this study required patients to have at least one PS and one GTCS. From >120 patients, seven patients fulfilled these criteria, three with mesial temporal (MTLE) onset seizures and four with neocortical lesional (NCLE) onset seizures. In total, 50 seizures were analyzed by using the matching pursuit (MP) method and the Gabor atom density (GAD), a measure of signal complexity derived from the MP method. Results: The GAD complexity pattern at the seizure focus for the initial ictal period is remarkably consistent in a given patient, regardless of whether secondary generalization occurs. Secondary generalization produces greater modification of seizure activity at the focus in patients with NCLE than in patients with MTLE. In seizures from four patients with NCLE, secondary generalization resulted in an average increase of 115% in complexity at the focus compared to PSs. Conclusions: GAD shows that seizure dynamics of PSs are often very stereotyped from seizure to seizure in a given patient, particularly during early ictal evolution. Secondary generalization is more likely to produce changes in the duration and dynamics at the seizure focus in NCLE patients compared with MTLE patients. These observations suggest distinct mechanisms (e.g., feedback) that are operational during secondary generalization. Key Words: Secondary generalization—Gabor atom density—Matching pursuit.
The structure and performance of interpreters

Interpreted languages have become increasingly popular due to demands for rapid program development, ease of use, portability, and safety. Beyond the general impression that they are "slow," however, little has been documented about the performance of interpreters as a class of applications.This paper examines interpreter performance by measuring and analyzing interpreters from both software and hardware perspectives. As examples, we measure the MIPSI, Java, Perl, and Tcl interpreters running an array of micro and macro benchmarks on a DEC Alpha platform. Our measurements of these interpreters relate performance to the complexity of the interpreter's virtual machine and demonstrate that native runtime libraries can play a key role in providing good performance. From an architectural perspective, we show that interpreter performance is primarily a function of the interpreter itself and is relatively independent of the application being interpreted. We also demonstrate that high-level interpreters' demands on processor resources are comparable to those of other complex compiled programs, such as gcc. We conclude that interpreters, as a class of applications, do not currently motivate special hardware support for increased performance.
Reaction Sintering of Submicrometer Silicon Powder

Submicrometer silicon powder synthesized by thermally induced, vapor-phase reaction in an aerosol reactor was densified by reaction sintering to form Si3N4. The densification behavior of these spherical, nonagglomerated particles in the 0.1 to 0.2 μm size range is described. Competition between densification by silicon sintering and reaction product infilling was observed at typical reaction sintering temperatures. In addition, pore growth during the early stages of silicon presintering adversely affected nitrogen permeability and nitriding rates. The factors influencing the nitridation of ultrafine silicon powders are discussed.
Alert Hypnosis: A Review and Case Report

This review summarizes the use of hypnotic inductions while the subject is physically active, open-eyed and focused on the external environment. Research cited from several sources documents that traditional and alert inductions produce similar hypnotic susceptibility scores, but after an alert induction, subjects may report feeling more alert and in control. A case is reported of a client who was able to use such an induction to stay in alert hypnosis for an extended time, and reduce the long-standing anxiety effects of past failure. Finally, a systematic way is discussed to generate inductions that may expand the use of hypnosis to new applications.
Mechanism of charybdotoxin block of a voltage-gated K+ channel

Charybdotoxin block of a Shaker K+ channel was studied in Xenopus oocyte macropatches. Toxin on rate increases linearly with toxin concentration in an ionic strength-dependent fashion and is competitively diminished by tetraethylammonium. On rate is insensitive to transmembrane voltage and to K+ on the opposite side of the membrane. Conversely, toxin off rate is insensitive to toxin concentration, ionic strength, and added tetraethylammonium but is enhanced by membrane depolarization or K+ (or Na+) in the trans solution. Charge neutralization of charybdotoxin Lys27, however, renders off rate voltage insensitive. Our results argue that block of voltage-gated K+ channels results from the binding of one toxin molecule, so that Lys27 enters the pore and interacts with K+ (or Na+) in the ion conduction pathway.
Serum levels of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate as a non-invasive method to evaluate healing after cartilage repair procedures

Magnetic resonance imaging remains the only non-invasive method to assess the quality of cartilage repair procedures, but ideally would be complemented by other modalities, particularly blood tests. Nganvongpanit and colleagues investigated serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) for their correlation with tissue quality after cartilage repair with autologous chondrocytes versus subchondral drilling in a dog model. They reported better tissue quality in animals treated with chondrocyte implantation. Serum levels correlated with the histological score of biopsy samples: CS showed a negative (r = -0.69) and HA a positive (r = +0.46) correlation. Many questions remain to be answered before serum markers can provide a reliable, non-invasive tool to assess tissue quality, but these data provide an important foundation for additional research.
First-principles thermoelasticity of bcc iron under pressure

We investigate the elastic and isotropic aggregate properties of ferromagnetic bcc iron as a function of temperature and pressure by computing the Helmholtz free energies for the volume-conserving strained structures using the first-principles linear response linear-muffin-tin-orbital method and the generalized-gradient approximation. We include the electronic excitation contributions to the free energy from the band structures, and phonon contributions from quasiharmonic lattice dynamics. We make detailed comparisons between our calculated elastic moduli and their temperature and pressure dependences with available experimental and theoretical data. The isotropic aggregate sound velocities obtained based on the calculated elastic moduli agree with available ultrasonic and diamond-anvil-cell data. Birch's law, which assumes a linear increase in sound velocity with increasing atomic density, fails for bcc Fe under extreme conditions. First-principles linear-response lattice dynamics is shown to provide a tractable approach to examine the elasticity of transition metals at high pressures and high temperatures.
Diisopropyl 2‐Allyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane‐4,5‐dicarboxylate

1 l-(R,R)-tartrate (E)-crotyl [99745-86-5] C14H23BO6 (MW 298.14) InChI = 1S/C14H23BO6/c1-6-7-8-15-20-11(13(16)18-9(2)3)12(21-15)14(17)19-10(4)5/h6-7,9-12H,8H2,1-5H3/b7-6+/t11-,12-/m1/s1 InChIKey = UQRUTCGBDPMECL-BYAJROORSA-N d-(S,S), (Z) [99687-40-8] InChI = 1S/C14H23BO6/c1-6-7-8-15-20-11(13(16)18-9(2)3)12(21-15)14(17)19-10(4)5/h6-7,9-12H,8H2,1-5H3/b7-6-/t11-,12-/m0/s1 InChIKey = UQRUTCGBDPMECL-MVSYMCDOSA-N l-(R,R), (Z) [106357-20-4] InChI = 1S/C14H23BO6/c1-6-7-8-15-20-11(13(16)18-9(2)3)12(21-15)14(17)19-10(4)5/h6-7,9-12H,8H2,1-5H3/b7-6-/t11-,12-/m1/s1 InChIKey = UQRUTCGBDPMECL-UXFRKABBSA-N 2 d-(S,S), (E) [106357-33-9] InChI = 1S/C14H23BO6/c1-6-7-8-15-20-11(13(16)18-9(2)3)12(21-15)14(17)19-10(4)5/h6-7,9-12H,8H2,1-5H3/b7-6+/t11-,12-/m0/s1 InChIKey = UQRUTCGBDPMECL-KZQRZKTQSA-N (reagents for the asymmetric crotylboration of aldehydes to produce either syn or anti β-methylhomoallylic alcohols)2 Physical Data: bp 80 °C/0.1 mmHg. Solubility: sol toluene, THF, ether, or CH2Cl2. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 11B NMR, data for (E)-crotyl: (δ 34.8, C6D6);2b the purity of the reagent is best determined by capillary GC;2b solutions of the reagent can be standardized using cyclohexanecarbaldehyde.2b Preparative Method: prepared by treatment of (E)- or (Z)-crotylpotassium with Triisopropyl Borate followed by acidic extractive workup and direct esterification with diisopropyl tartrate (DIPT) (eqs 1 and 2).2 (1) (2) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: typically the reagents are handled as solutions in toluene (0.5–1M) and transferred by syringe under an inert atmosphere; stored neat or as a solution in toluene over 4A molecular sieves under an argon atmosphere in a refrigerator (−20 °C), the reagent is stable for many months. In the presence of water, 1 rapidly hydrolyzes to achiral crotylboronic acid, the presence of which leads to reduced enantioselectivity in reactions with aldehydes.
Native Americans: Where in Environmental Justice Research?

While the last two decades have seen important theoretical, empirical, and policy advancements in environmental justice generally, much remains to be done regarding Native Americans. Unique political and cultural dynamics shape the study and pursuit of environmental justice (EJ) in Native American communities. This review summarizes Native American EJ issues based on a cross-disciplinary search of more than 60 publications. In so doing, we discuss the unique nature of Native American EJ in terms of conducting research and working toward reducing the continuation of historical trauma associated with environmental ills, the types of strategies used in Native American EJ research, and issues of Native American climate justice. We conclude with discussion of remaining knowledge gaps and future research needs.
Aid-in-dying practice in Europe and the United States: Legal and ethical perspectives for pharmacy

This article briefly reviews 'aid-in-dying' options such as euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in Europe and the US Physician-assisted suicide is now legal in four US States. Current practices, medications used and statistics relating to prescription frequency and death rates from the participating States are briefly discussed. This paper also examines the role of pharmacists in assisted suicides; legal, ethical and professional challenges that they face, and future implications on pharmacist education to enable them to make an educated decision about their involvement in aid-in-dying practices.
Viewpoint Integration for Hand-Based Recognition of Social Interactions from a First-Person View

Wearable devices are becoming part of everyday life, from first-person cameras (GoPro, Google Glass), to smart watches (Apple Watch), to activity trackers (FitBit). These devices are often equipped with advanced sensors that gather data about the wearer and the environment. These sensors enable new ways of recognizing and analyzing the wearer's everyday personal activities, which could be used for intelligent human-computer interfaces and other applications. We explore one possible application by investigating how egocentric video data collected from head-mounted cameras can be used to recognize social activities between two interacting partners (e.g. playing chess or cards). In particular, we demonstrate that just the positions and poses of hands within the first-person view are highly informative for activity recognition, and present a computer vision approach that detects hands to automatically estimate activities. While hand pose detection is imperfect, we show that combining evidence across first-person views from the two social partners significantly improves activity recognition accuracy. This result highlights how integrating weak but complimentary sources of evidence from social partners engaged in the same task can help to recognize the nature of their interaction.
The Proton Radius Puzzle

The proton radius puzzle is the difference between the proton radius as measured with electron scattering and in the excitation spectrum of atomic hydrogen, and that measured with muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. Since the inception of the proton radius puzzle in 2010 by the measurement of Pohl et al.[1], many possible resolutions to the puzzle have been postulated, but, to date, none has been generally accepted. New data are therefore necessary to resolve the issue. We briefly review the puzzle, the proposed solutions, and the new electron scattering and spectroscopy experiments planned and underway. We then introduce the MUSE experiment, which seeks to resolve the puzzle by simultaneously measuring elastic electron and muon scattering on the proton, in both charge states, thereby providing new information to the puzzle. MUSE addresses issues of two-photon effects, lepton universality and, possibly, new physics, while providing simultaneous form factor, and therefore radius, measurements with both muons and electrons.
Computational analysis of shrouded wind turbine configurations

Computational analysis of di↵user-augmented turbines is performed using high resolution computations of the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations supplemented with a transition model. Shroud geometries, generated by the extrusion of airfoil profiles into annular wings, are assessed based on their ability to capture mass-flow through the interior of the shroud. To this end, axisymmetric calculations of high-lift airfoil sections are performed. The amplification of mass flow through a shroud is found to increase nearly linearly with radial lift force, and nonlinear e↵ects are examined in terms of the location of the leading edge stagnation point. Of the shapes considered, the Selig S1223 high-lift lowRe airfoil is found to best promote mass flow rate. Following this, full three-dimensional simulations of shrouded wind turbines are performed for selected shroud geometries. The results are compared to bare turbine solutions. Augmentation ratios (defined as the ratio of the power generated by a shrouded turbine to the Betz limit) of up to 1.9 are achieved by the shrouded turbines. Peak augmentation occurs at the highest wind speed for which the flow over the bare turbine blade stays attached. Flow fields are examined in detail and the following aspects are investigated: regions with flow separation, the development of averaged velocity profiles, and the interaction between the helical turbine wake and shroud boundary layer. Finally, power augmentation is demonstrated to continue increasing at high wind velocities, at which the turbine blade would otherwise stall, if a constant tip speed ratio is maintained.
Another Proof of Jensen's Inequality

(1989). Another Proof of Jensen's Inequality. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 57-58.
Cirrhosis of the Liver: Clinical Aspects with Particular Reference to Liver Function Tests

I suppose there are few diseases having more of common interest to the clinical pathologist and internist than cirrhosis of the liver. Having approached this problem first as pathologist, later as clinician, I feel that my interests are equally divided between the bedside and laboratory manifestations of the disease, and it is therefore, a particular pleasure to take part in this symposium. As you are well aware, the clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis may be quite simple and obvious, or it may be a difficult and many sided problem. Table I includes only a partial list of the features which need to be kept in mind, some of which I should like to discuss in more detail. Previous jaundice in the above table refers to an attack unrelated to obvious biliary obstruction, such as gall stone colic with jaundice. Previous hepatitis is believed to be of considerable importance, while true catarrhal jaundice or mucous choledochitis probably has no etiologic significance. Unfortunately, the clinical distinction of these two members of the catarrhal jaundice group is very difficult, but the weight of evidence indicates that hepatitis is much the more common of the two. Recent serial liver biopsy studies by Iverson and his co-workersclearly confirm earlier beliefs of a genetic relationship in some cases between hepatitis and later cirrhosis. An example of this relationship will be given subsequently. Evidence accumulating in the past few years indicates that alcoholism is important in the etiology of cirrhosis (1) by producing a .fatty liver, which in itself is more likely to become cirrhotic, and (2) because of associated chronic dietary deficiency, the relation of which to cirrhosis has already been considered by Dr. Gyorgy. There is no reason to believe that moderate use of alcohol, with adequate dietary protein, is productive of cirrhosis. In general it appears probable that the greater the alcohol consumption the more important are the two factors just mentioned. A further effect of severe chronic alcoholism is the production of anorexia which then enhances the protein deficiency factor. Persistent anorexia is a very grave symptom in patients with either alcoholic fatty liver or cirrhosis, since it is responsible for a vicious cycle which is very difficult to break. Unexplained hematemesis is always suggestive of cirrhosis and calls for careful x-ray studies for esophageal varices, as well as studies of liver function. In regions where schistosomiasis is endemic, hematemesis is frequently observed. In common with other tropical diseases we will undoubtedly have to give much more attention to this condition in the future. I think you are well aware that
Temperature Dependence of Dislocation Mobility in Ni3Al

The stress and temperature dependence of the dislocation velocity v({sigma}, T) has been studied experimentally in Ni{sub 3}Al single crystals. The mobility of individual dislocations was measured by the stress pulse-etching technique at temperatures between 77 and 873 K at the resolved shear stresses between 25 and 150 MPa over a range of dislocation velocities from 3 {times} 10{sup {minus}7} to 3 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} m/s. Fresh dislocations were introduced and revealed by a selective etchant on {l_brace}001{r_brace} surfaces of electropolished specimens annealed at 1,473 K for 120 hours in argon. The specimens were deformed in three point bending around {l_angle}110{r_angle} bending axis at a constant temperature. The dislocation arrays moved in two acting {l_angle}110{r_angle}{l_brace}111{r_brace} primary glide systems. The motion occurred over a range of applied stresses close to the microscopical yield stresses {sigma}{sub y}. The dislocation velocity decreased as temperature increased, in perfect analogy to the experimental data on {sigma}{sub y} obtained before on the same Ni{sub 3}Al. No detectable violation of the Schmid law was observed. The stress dependence of the dislocation velocity was rather steep resulting in a relatively large activation area of A = 100--200b. Such an activation area is greater than that one could expectmore » in a kink-mode crystal with predominant Peierls mechanism for dislocation motion, although it is considerably less than A measured in other materials controlled by local obstacles.« less
Frequency Regulation by Distributed Secondary Loads on Islanded Wind-Powered Microgrids

Frequency regulation is critical to the successful operation of remote wind–diesel electrical grids. When the grid is in ‘wind–diesel’ mode, frequency regulation is (classically) the sole duty of the diesel electric generator (DEG). An alternative approach is proposed whereby responsibility for frequency regulation is shared by the DEG and a network of autonomous distributed secondary loads (DSLs) consisting of electric thermal storage (ETS) devices. This allows surplus wind to be distributed to residential consumers (as space heat) without the need for a centralized communication network. Numerical modeling of system dynamics with active DSLs is conducted using a SIMULINK wind–diesel hybrid test bed model. The effects of controller gain, installed capacity, switching time and unit coordination timing on frequency and voltage regulation is explored. It is shown that the DSLs can improve frequency regulation in wind–diesel mode while providing storable thermal energy to distributed consumers.
Design for optical freeform reflector of LED streetlight

A new "V-structure" optical freeform reflector that the illuminaton area of one streetlight was divided into two parts and designed separatel was presented,which was aimed at these problems for LED streetlight refector design that luminous intensity of the center area is stronger,then gradually weaker in both sides of area,and not the higher uniformity.The correspondence between the emitted light angle of LED light source and the coordinates of point on the target plane was established by the principle of conservation of energy.According to the correspondence,a number of point coordinates of the freeform reflector was calculated and fitted to optical surface entity with the mechanical modeling software.Then the optical entity was imported into software for illuminance simulation.The results show that the illumination uniformity of optical reflector is 77.85%,and a uniform rectangular beam illumination can be formed on the target surface.
Hispanic Consumer Behavior, Ethnic Identity, and Ethnic Origin: An Empirical Study

Hispanics were surveyed concerning three aspects of consumer behavior toward Hispanic products– satisfaction with availability, attributes used in product selection, and information sources. Responses are analyzed by ethnic country-of-ori-gin and intensity of ethnicity, and are also compared to survey results from Anglos. Results indicate satisfaction with product availability and attributes used in product selection vary by group, while information sources do not. Strategic implications are discussed.
Implantable Delivery Systems

Initial attempts to bypass the BBB and deliver medications directly to their site of action in the CNS included access by multiple ventricular injections. Unfortunately, repeated injections may damage the brain and increase the patient’s risk for infection. Later attempts at accessing the CNS included the Ommaya reservoir, which was an improvement because it is implanted, but which eventually becomes fibrosed and was difficult for caregivers to access. As a result, implanted delivery systems were developed allowing for easier access and long-term regional therapy.13 Early drug pumps developed in the 1970s were used for delivering heparin, insulin, and chemotherapy. The 1980s marked the decade that expanded drug pump application for treating neurologic disorders such as pain, spasticity, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain tumors. The 1990s is the decade heralding new applications. Currently, there are two delivery systems commercially available for intrathecal drug delivery. The Infusaid pump, manufactured by Shiley, Infusaid, Inc, Norwood, Mass, was the first pump used for intrathecal morphine therapy. The SynchroMed pump, manufactured by Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn, was later developed, but with programming capability. These two delivery systems will be discussed further (Table 3.1). Each pump manufacturer has booklets available to patients regarding the delivery system and its application (Fig. 3.1).
An Archaeological Glimpse of the Slave Trade in Late-Seventeenth-Century Panama

While the development of slave societies in Spanish America has long been a popular and well-researched topic in Western historiography, archaeological accounts of this process outside the direct area of influence of African American archaeology are still rare. In Spanish-speaking Latin America, few studies have looked into the material universe in which the foundations of a racially based system of inequality were laid. An outline is offered here of the preliminary results of the first project specifically addressing the materiality of the slave trade in the late-17th-century city of Panama, one of the main centers of human traffic in the Spanish colonial world. Detaching itself from traditional perspectives of the African experience in the New World, this investigation analyzes the lived space of local slave traders, seeking to identify evidences of their cultural vulnerability vis-a-vis the commodified African people these merchants bought and sold. This evidence, it is hoped, may contribute to the future development of effective, empowering narratives of the slave trade for African-descendant communities in Latin America and elsewhere.
A Technique for Device Stress Relief in CMOS Class-E RF Power Amplifiers

Class-E power amplifiers are widely used especially for constant envelope modulation applications due to their high efficiency even for switching signals with slow rise/fall edges. However, they have been rarely used in CMOS process for very high power levels, resulting from their intrinsic poorer power output capability. In this paper, we propose a unique way to control the drain voltage stress of the active switch device when the rise/fall edges of the driving signal occupy a significant portion of the switching cycle. Our approach employs internal signals within a differential amplifier by inserting a transformer between the two active device branches. Depending on specific process and power supply levels, the stress can be relieved up to more than 20%, which gives significant room for either higher power level and efficiency or using faster (and therefore easier to breakdown) devices.
Erratum for Chu et al., Function of the Borrelia burgdorferi FtsH Homolog Is Essential for Viability both In Vitro and In Vivo and Independent of HflK/C

Volume 7, no. 2, doi:[10.1128/mBio.00404-16][1], 2016. The present address should have appeared as shown above. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/mBio.00404-16
In Patients with Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease, Does Endovascular Repair Improve Outcomes When Compared to Open Repair?

Aortobifemoral bypass (ABF) has long been the gold standard for treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease, proving to be a durable procedure with a 10 year patency rate of 80–90 % in more recent reports. Peri-operative mortality of 1–3 % can be achieved.
The Bhānd: In the Centres and Margins of the Historical Record

Contemporary accounts of bhānd history are framed by hierarchies, as derivative of Hindu or Muslim culture, a ‘folk’ or courtly institution, or oral tradition lacking in literary sophistication. This chapter challenges these distinctions by considering the bhānds’ performance through diverse receptions in historical records from Muslim rule in Delhi, Lahore and Lucknow (1206–1857), colonial caste and tribe ethnographies (1858–1947) and Urdu literary reworkings of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From the liminal possibilities of the Muslim period, the author explores how colonial modernity, particularly through its essentialist caste classifications, attempted to fix the bhānd’s low status, producing ambivalent responses in Urdu literature, wherein some banish the bhānd, while others revive his art, celebrating its religious syncretism and subversive potentialities.
Impact of carbon monoxide partial pressures on methanogenesis and medium chain fatty acids production during ethanol fermentation.

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are important biofuel precursors. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a sustainable electron and carbon donor for fatty acid elongation, since it is metabolized to MCFA precursors, it is toxic to most methanogens, and it is a waste product generated in the gasification of waste biomass. The main objective of this work was to determine if the inhibition of methanogenesis through the continuous addition of CO would lead to increased acetate or MCFA production during fermentation of ethanol. The effects of CO partial pressures (PCO ; 0.08-0.3 atm) on methanogenesis, fatty acids production, and the associated microbial communities were studied in batch cultures fed with CO and ethanol. Methanogenesis was partially inhibited at PCO ≥ 0.11 atm. This inhibition led to increased acetate production during the first phase of fermentation (0-19 days). However, a second addition of ethanol (day 19) triggered MCFA production only at PCO ≥ 0.11 atm, which probably occurred through the elongation of acetate with CO-derived ethanol and H2 :CO2 . Accordingly, during the second phase of fermentation (days 20-36), the distribution of electrons to acetate decreased at higher PCO , while electrons channeled to MCFA increased. Most probably, Acetobacterium, Clostridium, Pleomorphomonas, Oscillospira, and Blautia metabolized CO to H2 :CO2 , ethanol and/or fatty acids, while Peptostreptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and other Clostridiales utilized these metabolites, along with the provided ethanol, for MCFA production. These results are important for biotechnological systems where fatty acids production are preferred over methanogenesis, such as in chain elongation systems and microbial fuel cells.
No MPA Left Behind: A Review of Information Technology in the Master of Public Administration Curriculum

AbstractThis report describes the current state of information technology (IT) in the Master of Public Administration (MPA) curriculum. Data were collected through a review of graduate program info...
USING SOURCE SEPARATION TO IMPROVE TEMPO DETECTION

We describe a novel tempo estimation method based on decomposing musical audio into sources using principal latent component analysis (PLCA). The approach is motivated by the observation that in rhythmically complex music, some layers may be more rhythmically regular than the overall mix, thus facilitating tempo detection. Each excerpt was analyzed using PLCA and the resulting components were each tempo tracked using a standard autocorrelationbased algorithm. We describe several techniques for aggregating or choosing among the multiple estimates that result from this process to extract a global tempo estimate. The system was evaluated on the MIREX 2006 training database as well as a newly constructed database of rhythmically complex electronic music consisting of 27 examples (IDM DB). For these databases the algorithms improved accuracy by 10% (60% vs 50%) and 22.3% (48.2% vs. 25.9%) respectively. These preliminary results suggest that for some types of music, source-separation may lead to better tempo detection.
Crows and Crow Feeders: Observations on Interspecific Semiotics

Biosemiotic studies include those which focus on systems of signs linking humans and animals. We review the general roots of interspecific communication with emphasis on biosemiotic studies. Beyond domestic animal—human communication, humans are known to communicate closely with a few wild animals with which they have mutualistic foraging relationships (dolphins, honeyguides). We reveal another such relationship in a pilot field study of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and human crow feeders. Our study illustrates an interdisciplinary consideration of interspecific communication goals, tactics, rewards and signals. Always alert to threats in searches for food, crows responded to a repertoire of messages and behaviors of crow feeders they recognized. Crow feeders—motivated to attract, feed, and spend time with particular crows—fall into two categories. Crow friends talk and behave with crows as they might with people. Crow observers are more detached, wanting unobtrusive interaction without emphasis on personal identities or feelings. We propose that the crow feeding events can be usefully studied with a strategic engagement model. We encourage future biosemiotic projects to (1) employ an interdisciplinary approach, (2) examine genetic in addition to biological and cultural processes, (3) explore variation across biosemiotic systems, and (4) consider real-world implications of findings.
Asymptotic Nonoscillations in Fourth Order Retarded Differential Equations

Certain physical mechanisms whose performance is related to the past rate of change have lead to the study of differential equations [1]. Mathematical systems representing such mechanisms involve differential equations of retarded type. One example of such a widespread use of these equations is pulse code modulation system in telephone network Smith [8].
Detection of the phase curve and occultation of WASP-100b with TESS

We report the detection of the full orbital phase curve and occultation of the hot-Jupiter WASP-100b using TESS photometry. The phase curve is isolated by suppressing low frequency stellar and instrumental modes using both a non-parametric harmonic notch filter (phasma) and semi-sector long polynomials. This yields a phase curve signal of (73 +/- 9) ppm amplitude, preferred over a null-model by deltaBIC = 25, indicating very strong evidence for an observed effect. We recover the occultation event with a suite of five temporally localized tools, including Gaussian processes and cosine filtering. This allows us to infer an occultation depth of (100 +/- 14) ppm, with an additional +/- 16 ppm systematic error from the differences between methods. We regress a model including atmospheric reflection, emission, ellipsoidal variations and Doppler beaming to the combined phase curve and occultation data. This allows us to infer that WASP-100b has a geometric albedo of A_g = 0.16 (+0.04, -0.03) in the TESS bandpass, with a maximum dayside brightness temperature of (2710 +/- 100) K and a warm nightside temperature of (2380 [+170, -200]) K. Additionally, we find evidence that WASP-100b has a high thermal redistribution efficiency, manifesting as a substantial eastward hotspot offset of (71 [+2, -4]) degrees. These results present the first measurement of a thermal phase shift among the phase curves observed by TESS so far, and challenge the predicted efficiency of heat transport in the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters.
1157-P: Out-of-Pocket and Health Plan Spending on Diabetes Drugs, 2006-2018

The rising cost of managing diabetes is of major concern. To examine trends in expenditures on diabetes drugs, we used OptumLabs Data Warehouse to identify commercially insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees with type 2 diabetes who filled ≥1 diabetes drug between 2006 and 2018. In each year, we examined mean health plan and patient out of pocket (OOP) spending, stratified by health plan (commercial vs. Medicare Advantage), for generic vs. brand, and for insulin vs. non-insulin drugs. We assessed trends using logistic regression. All costs were adjusted to 2018 U.S. dollars. 1,592,663 unique type 2 diabetes patients were included (commercially-insured: 698,725, Medicare Advantage: 893,938). Total mean diabetes drug expenditures increased among all patients (Figure). Among commercially insured patients, OOP spending increased for brand drugs and insulin but decreased for generics (p for trends Disclosure K.J. Lipska: None. R.G. McCoy: None. H. Van Houten: None. X. Yao: None. J. Ross: Research Support; Self; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A.E. Altan: None. N. Shah: None.