cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oocyst Shedding by Cats Fed Isolated Bradyzoites and Comparison of Infectivity of Bradyzoites of the VEG Strain Toxoplasma gondii to Cats and Mice

Infectivity of bradyzoites of the VEG strain of Toxoplasma gondii was compared in cats and mice. For this, tissue cysts were separated from brains of infected mice using a Percoll gradient, and bradyzoites were released by incubation in acidic pepsin solution. After filtration through a 3-µm filter, bradyzoites were counted and diluted 10-fold in RPMI tissue culture medium. Dilutions estimated to have 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 bradyzoites were fed to cats and inoculated into mice, orally or subcutaneously (s.c.). Three experiments were performed. In experiment 1, 2 of 2 cats fed 1,000 bradyzoites, 1 of 2 cats fed 100 bradyzoites, 1 of 4 cats fed 10 bradyzoites, and 1 of 4 cats fed 1 bradyzoite shed millions of oocysts; 1,000 bradyzoites were infective to all 4 inoculated mice s.c. but not to 4 mice inoculated orally, and 100 bradyzoites were infective to 2 of 4 mice injected s.c. but not to 4 mice inoculated orally. All 16 mice (8 oral, 8 s.c.) injected with 1 or 10 bradyzoites were negative for T. gondii. In...
Rendering effective route maps: improving usability through generalization

Route maps, which depict a path from one location to another, have emerged as one of the most popular applications on the Web. Current computer-generated route maps, however, are often very difficult to use. In this paper we present a set of cartographic generalization techniques specifically designed to improve the usability of route maps. Our generalization techniques are based both on cognitive psychology research studying how route maps are used and on an analysis of the generalizations commonly found in handdrawn route maps. We describe algorithmic implementations of these generalization techniques within LineDrive, a real-time system for automatically designing and rendering route maps. Feedback from over 2200 users indicates that almost all believe LineDrive maps are preferable to using standard computer-generated route maps alone.
In Vivo Cultivation of Leukocytes in Diffusion Chambers: Requirement of Ascorbic Acid for Differentiation of Mononuclear Leukocytes to Fibroblasts

Studies were made to evaluate the influence of ascorbic acid upon the differentiation of mononuclear leukocytes to fibroblasts when cultivated in diffusion chambers, in vivo. Ascorbic acid-depleted leukocytes grown in ascorbic acid-deficient host guinea pigs developed into abnormal cellular forms characterized by nuclear enlargement, multipolar mitoses, and giant forms These changes could be reversed by treatment of the host guinea pigs with ascorbic acid. The findings indicate a direct cellular role of ascorbic acid in the differentiation of mononuclear leukocytes to fibroblasts.
The Real-World Experience: Students Perspectives on Service-Learning Projects

The purpose of this paper is to identify how students gain “real-world” experience via service-learning projects. This article describes the results of a pilot study conducted with over 75 business graduate students to investigate the effects of service-learning curriculum at the collegiate level. The following qualitative data was collected: observations, field notes, interviews, video-taped group meetings, and student reflection journals. This data was collected to gain insight on the research question, “What are business students’ views of service-learning projects and how they contribute to ‘real-world’ experience?” In addition, this article briefly discusses literature on the ethnographic qualitative approach and its significance, as well as the service-learning literature that continues to evolve as the instigation of such projects continues to draw the attention of researchers and educators.
Energy Levels in Receiving Diets for Yearling Cattle1,2

Summary Feed consumption and weight gains of yearling cattle transported from Florida to New Mexico were determined on three receiving diets. Rates of gain achieved during a 28-d receiving period and 14-d transition period were related to gains made during the following 190-d finishing period. Cattle received on 50% or 75% concentrate diets for 4 wk plus grass hay for the first wk then 75% concentrates for 14 d, gained 34 kg more weight than cattle fed grass hay alone for 4 wk then 75% concentrates for 14 d (P◄.01). When all cattle were fed an 85% concentrate diet for 190 d, those previously fed hay alone made 14 kg of compensatory gain, but still lacked 20 kg of making equal gains to those received on 75% concentrates, and lacked 17 kg of making equal gains to those received on 50% concentrates. This indicates that receiving diets for stressed yearling cattle should contain from 50% to 75% concentrates because much of the weight gain advantage achieved during receiving will be maintained during finishing.
A Community Discovery Method Based on Breadth-First-Search

In view of the existing algorithm that is unable to take better account of the network connectivity and the attributes of individual nodes comprehensively,the limitation of the typical algorithms of agglomerative and divisive clustering was analyzed,thus defining conceptually the edge loading,edge weight,connectivity threshold and graph segmentation.Then,a new algorithm SoNetCD based on BFS(breadth-first-search)is presented for discovering the communities in social networks,which takes both network topology and edge weight into consideration.Inter-community edges are cancelled to reveal the community structure in the algorithm,thus judging exactly the inter-community and lowering the failure rate of cancelling inner-community edges.Experimental results of a real-world social network dataset showed that the SoNetCD outperforms the typical GN algorithm in identifying community structure.
Breeding and Utilization of the CMS Line Quanfeng A with Fine Blast Resistance in Rice

Quanfeng A is a CMS Line in rice bred by the Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,by crossing the maintainer lines selected from the hybrid between Fuyi B and Gufeng B with Fuyi A through successive backcrossing for years.It was technically tested in Fujian Province in 2004 and acquired the protection of new varieties of plants in 2008.It was proved by many years of its application on production that the CMS Line had the characteristics of strong combining ability,wide adaptability and high stigma exsertion and outcrossing rate,good resistance to rice blast.By far,derived from Quanfeng A,Ten hybrid rice combinations were officially approved twenty-two times.The process of breeding Quanfeng A,its characteristics and reproduction of seeds were referred in this paper.
Study on electromagnetic ultrasonic inspection for boiler water-cooling wall tube corrosion

Aiming at the problems of the conventional piezoelectric effect ultrasonic inspection technology in the inspection of boiler water-cooling wall tube corrosion,this paper expounds the advantages of electromagnetic ultrasonic inspection technology,with which the experiments are carried out and studies,and analyzes the reasons for ultrasonic attenuation by observing the attenuation rule of ultrasonic reflected by water-cooling wall under different corrosion condition.The experiment result shows that electromagnetic ultrasonic inspection with high efficiency and sensitivity is able to quickly inspect the corrosion in water-cooling wall without cleaning and buffing its surface.
Origin of congenital heart disease: reflections on Maude Abbott's work

In honour of Dr Harold Segall's 90th birthday an historical review was made of concepts on the etiology of congenital heart disease. The work of Maude Abbott, highlighted in alignment with early results of an ongoing population based study, illustrates her remarkable perception of a kaleidoscope of risk factors which are now gaining acceptance. Abbott's letters to L. Emmett Holt express her belief that prenatal infections cause cardiac maldevelopment, but she also raises relevant questions on the potential role of inheritance. The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study (1981-86) reveals a predominance of genetic factors, evidence of intrauterine infection and of a teratogenic effect of maternal diabetes. Among environmental agents, alcohol and recreational drug intake appear to affect cardiac looping. Harold Segall's historical interests and continued professional activities demonstrate the validity of his scholastic motto: "It is good to know."
Multiscale Processes of Hurricane Sandy (2012) as Revealed by the Parallel Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Advanced Visualization Technology

Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 is currently the second costliest tropical cyclone (TC) in the U.S. history, surpassed only by Hurricane Katrina (2005). This paper uses advanced data analysis methods and visualization technology to examine the role of multiscale processes in the initial formation and movement of Hurricane Sandy. To efficiently analyze high-resolution, global, and multiple-dimensional datasets, a parallel ensemble empirical mode decomposition (PEEMD) method is developed by implementing a multi-level parallelism into an ensemble EMD (EEMD). The augmentation resulted in a parallel speedup of 720 using 200 eight-core processors. Here, we discuss performance for the PEEMD in decomposing multiscale signals from data sets that represent: (i) idealized tropical waves and (ii) large-scale environmental flows associated with Hurricane Sandy (2012). Our results indicate that the PEEMD can efficiently reveal major wave characteristics such as wavelengths and periods within the data by sifting out the...
Improving efficiency of wireless sensor networks through lightweight in-memory compression

Data compression is an enabling technique to many applications, such as data center storage, multimedia streaming, and lightweight computing platforms, amongst others. These special-purpose compression approaches typically achieve incomparable compression ratios as core features of the application and dataset are leveraged to reduce duplication of identical or similar features in the original data. Sensor data in systems such as wireless sensor networks, often includes a variety of data types. However, within a particular data or sensor type, typically the data has a low dynamic range which can be leveraged to increase its compressibility. In this paper we present a memory and network system co-design approach that stores data using in-place lightweight compressed pages in memory, and utilizes this compressed data to send shortened blocks over a wireless point to point network. Additionally, we propose a technique named source-aware layout reorganization (SALR) to improve the compressibility of the sensor data, using either software- or hardware-based approaches. We demonstrate that our proposed lightweight compression approach in hardware with SALR, while achieving a slightly lower compression ratio to traditional software compression, can outperform software compression in wireless communication by 7.3% for relatively slow Bluetooth links and 65.4% with faster WiFi-Direct links.
Irradiation-induced topological transition in SiO2: Structural signature of networks' rigidity

Abstract By affecting the connectivity of atomic networks, composition, temperature, or pressure can induce topological transitions between the three atomic states of rigidity — flexible, isostatic, and stressed-rigid. However, no clear structural signature of such transitions has been elucidated thus far. Here, based on realistic molecular dynamics simulations of irradiation-induced damage in quartz, we report the first evidence of a rigid-to-flexible rigidity transition controlled by structural variations only. This topological transition is shown to arise from the simultaneous loss of atomic Eigenstress and onset of network flexibility, and features a well-defined structural signature in the medium-range order of the atomic network.
Automated vehicle counting using image processing and machine learning

Vehicle counting is used by the government to improve roadways and the flow of traffic, and by private businesses for purposes such as determining the value of locating a new store in an area. A vehicle count can be performed manually or automatically. Manual counting requires an individual to be on-site and tally the traffic electronically or by hand. However, this can lead to miscounts due to factors such as human error A common form of automatic counting involves pneumatic tubes, but pneumatic tubes disrupt traffic during installation and removal, and can be damaged by passing vehicles. Vehicle counting can also be performed via the use of a camera at the count site recording video of the traffic, with counting being performed manually post-recording or using automatic algorithms. This paper presents a low-cost procedure to perform automatic vehicle counting using remote video cameras with an automatic counting algorithm. The procedure would utilize a Raspberry Pi micro-computer to detect when a car is in a lane, and generate an accurate count of vehicle movements. The method utilized in this paper would use background subtraction to process the images and a machine learning algorithm to provide the count. This method avoids fatigue issues that are encountered in manual video counting and prevents the disruption of roadways that occurs when installing pneumatic tubes
Regression Models to Estimate Critical Porosity of Soils from Basic Soil Properties Based on Percolation Theory

The rigidity of geo-materials (e.g., soils and sediments) reduce significantly, as their porosity increases to a critical value, the critical porosity. Knowledge of critical porosity can be useful in assessing the deformational characteristics of these materials. Estimation of critical porosity from experiments can be challenging especially at low effective stress conditions. In this work an effort is made to estimate this characteristic porosity from the basic soil properties (textural and plastic properties) inherited from the parent rock using percolation theory. Uniaxial compression experiments were performed in a low-stress oedometer (up to 2.5 MPa) on field soil samples to estimate their percolation parameters, the critical porosity and critical exponent from their textures based on percolation theory. The textural properties including fines content, mean grain size, the fractal dimensions and the sand to clay ratio. Regression models were developed to predict the critical porosities from soil textural properties that significantly explained in the range 85–90% of the variability in the model. In addition, the relations between the consistency limits of the soils and their critical porosities were investigated and the results indicate that the liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and clay content explained 82–85% of the variability with critical porosity. Textural properties explained 64–79% of variability with the critical exponent, while the consistency limits explained 65–75% of the variability and with clay content explaining 80% of the variability. The provided prediction models may be useful in providing first-hand information about the critical porosity of soils in the field environment.
A Recipe for T-Tubules in Human iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) provide a powerful tool for investigating human cardiac biology, drug screening, and potentially therapeutic applications; however, these applications are limited by the relative immaturity of hPSC-CMs. In other words, the in vitro differentiated hPSC-CMs are more akin to early fetal cardiomyocytes than adult cardiomyocytes, which means they are structurally and functionally distinct in certain properties. One feature notably absent from immature hPSC-CMs relative to adult cardiomyocytes are T-tubules. The T-tubule system forms around the time of birth and is a complex network of interconnecting tubules and membranes contiguous with the extracellular space referred to as T-tubules for the predominant transverse components aligned with the z lines. Because ventricular cardiomyocytes are remarkably large cells, the T-tubule network enables the rapid spread of the electric impulse throughout the cardiomyocyte. This is critical for the synchronized onset of contraction given that key components of excitation–contraction coupling are present in dyads where L-type Ca2+ channels in the T-tubules provided the triggering influx of Ca2+ during the action potential leading to intracellular Ca2+ release from the closely apposed ryanodine receptors of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum which together produce the Ca2+ transient activating contraction of the myofilaments. Thus, to investigate properties of adult cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and alterations in diseases, such as inherited cardiomyopathies or Ca2+-triggered arrhythmias, an hPSC-CM model with more mature features including a functional T-tubule network and adult-like Ca2+ cycling is desirable. Furthermore, the improved contractile performance and reduced spontaneous automaticity of mature ventricular-like …
Does response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy impact breast reconstruction?

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is administered in breast cancer treatment for downstaging of disease. Here, we determined the impact of response to NAC on breast reconstruction uptake. A prospective NAC and mastectomy database with or without reconstruction were reviewed with IRB approval. Univariable analyses were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. We identified 271 patients with unilateral breast cancer receiving NAC and either unilateral or bilateral mastectomy from 9/2013 to 5/2016. Seventy patients (25.8%) had a pCR to NAC. One hundred and seventy-five patients (64.6%) had immediate reconstruction (IR), and 96 had no IR. On univariable analysis, younger age (P < .001), lower T-stage at presentation (P < .001), bilateral versus unilateral mastectomy (P<.001) and HR-negative tumor subtype (P = .006) were significantly associated with higher IR rates. On multivariable analysis, pCR (P = .792) and tumor subtype (P = 0.061) were not significantly associated with IR; T-stage was significantly associated with IR (P < .001), such that patients with T4 tumors at presentation had lower odds of IR (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.50), even when accounting for response to NAC. One hundred and seventy-three patients (63.8%) received adjuvant radiation therapy; this was associated with lower IR frequency (P = .048) but was not associated with reconstruction type (tissue expander versus autologous, P = 1.0) among 175 patients who had IR. In patients who have mastectomy after NAC, IR is influenced by age, T-stage at presentation, and choice of bilateral mastectomy, but not by response to NAC. A subset of patients who are young, with earlier T-stage and pCR, is more likely to proceed with bilateral mastectomy.
Development of analytical models to estimate the increase in pile capacity with time (pile setup) from soil properties

This paper presents the analyses of twelve prestressed concrete (PSC) instrumented test piles that were driven in different bridge construction projects of Louisiana in order to develop analytical models to estimate the increase in pile capacity with time or pile setup. The twelve test piles were driven mainly in cohesive soils. Detailed soil characterizations including laboratory and in situ tests were conducted to determine the different soil properties. The test piles were instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges, piezometers, pressure cells that were monitored during the whole testing period. Several static load tests (SLTs) and dynamic load tests were conducted on each test pile at different times after end of driving (EOD) to quantify the magnitude and rate of setup. Measurements of load tests confirmed that pile capacity increases almost linearly with the logarithm of time elapsed after EOD. Case pile wave analysis program was performed on the restrikes data and was used along with the load distribution plots from the SLTs to evaluate the increase in skin friction capacity of individual soil layers along the length of the piles. The logarithmic linear setup parameter “A” for unit skin friction was calculated of the 70 individual clayey soil layers and was correlated with different soil properties such as undrained shear strength (Su), plasticity index, vertical coefficient of consolidation (cv), over consolidation ratio and sensitivity (St). Nonlinear multivariable regression analyses were performed, and three different empirical models are proposed to predict the pile setup parameter “A” as a function of soil properties. For verification, the subsurface soil conditions and setup information for additional 18 PSC piles collected from local database were used to compare the measured versus predicted “A” parameters from the proposed models, which showed good agreement.
Mechanistic Modeling of the Thiol-Michael Addition Polymerization Kinetics: Structural Effects of the Thiol and Vinyl Monomers

Kinetic parameters and their influence on the overall rates of base-catalyzed thiol–Michael reactions proceeding via an alternating propagation and chain transfer cycle were evaluated. A kinetic model was developed that enables the determination and accurate prediction of the reaction kinetic paths for the thiol–Michael addition reaction and its accompanying polymerization. Individual kinetic parameters for propagation and chain transfer steps were evaluated for three commonly used thiol and vinyl functional monomers. Chain transfer and propagation kinetic parameters were determined in binary combinations of monomers from analysis of experimental data for the reaction rates. Subsequently, eight ternary thiol–Michael systems composed of thiol–acrylate–vinyl sulfone and thiol 1-thiol 2-vinyl were analyzed based on the binary kinetic model parameters. It was clearly demonstrated that the kinetic parameters determined from the binary reactions enabled an accurate prediction of the relative reactivity and sele...
Making Mental Health a Priority on College Campuses: Implementing Large Scale Screening and Follow-up in a High Enrollment Gateway Course

OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate a universal mental health screening program for undergraduate students using graduate student clinicians and online interviewing tools. Participants: Participants included 455 undergraduate students. Data were collected from October 2017 through January 2018. Methods: Participants completed a self-report mental health screening questionnaire. Students scoring "at risk" on any subscale were invited to participate in individual online follow-up interviews to assess risk level and provide referral information. Results: A majority of participants scored in an "at risk" range on at least one subscale. Follow-up interviews were conducted for 40% of students "at risk" and 33% of those interviewed were referred to the university counseling center. Participants' perceptions of campus mental health priorities improved over a three-month period. Conclusions: A pilot universal campus mental health screening using graduate student clinicians resulted in a meaningful number of referrals and enhanced perception that the university cared about student mental health.
Bioinspired design of architected cement-polymer composites

Abstract Recent advances in the design of structural composites often mimic natural microstructures. Specifically, the structure of abalone nacre with its high stiffness, tensile strength, and toughness is a source of inspiration from the process of evolution. The inspiration from nacre can lead to design of a new class of architected structural materials with superb mechanical properties. This work presents a combined experimental and computational study on a set of bioinspired architected composites created using a cement mortar cast with brick-and-mortar and auxetic polymer phases. The impact of this unit-cell polymer phase on the flexural and compressive strengths, resilience, and toughness is thoroughly studied as a function of architected geometry. All mechanical properties of the architected composite specimens are found to be greater than those of control samples due to prevention of localized deformation and failure, resulting in higher strength. The architected composites showed more layer shear sliding during fracture, whereas the control samples showed more diagonal shear failure. After initial cracking, the architected composites gradually deformed plastically due to interlocking elements and achieved high stresses and strains before failure. Results also show that composites with the architected polymer phase outperform control samples with equal volume fraction of a randomly oriented polymer fiber phase. Extensive computational studies of the proposed unit cells are also performed and the results suggest that the orientation of cells during loading is critical to achieve maximum performance of a cementitious composite. The implications of these results are immense for future development of high performing construction materials.
Clinical practice guidelines in Wilson disease.

Three guidelines in Wilson disease (WD) have been issued to date: by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) in 2003 with revision in 2008, by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) in 2012, and most recently by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) in 2018. The following review aims to compare and contrast the approach to diagnosis and management of WD outlined in each guidance. Diagnostic criteria for WD are variable, with the AASLD proposing a clinical/biochemical algorithmic approach, while EASL and ESPGHAN favor use of the Leipzig score. Screening of first-degree relatives differs in modality: clinical and genetic testing in AASLD and ESPGHAN, versus genetic testing alone in EASL. There is general consensus regarding treatment of WD, though ESPGHAN favors zinc over chelators in maintenance phase and for asymptomatic patients. Liver transplantation is indicated in cases of acute liver failure (ALF) due to WD, but not primarily for neuropsychiatric disease in all guidelines. EASL and ESPGHAN advocate for use of the revised King’s score to guide transplant listing. There are limited recommendations on special circumstances including pregnancy, surgery, and malignancy risk in WD. Though current recommendations address the management of liver disease due to WD, future guidelines may include a more detailed discussion of neurological and psychiatric manifestations of WD.
Fluid–Solid Reaction Kinetics for Solids of Nonbasic Geometries and Determination of the Appropriate Shape Factors

The rate analysis involving a solid of nonbasic geometry in general requires a complex numerical solution. A closed-form expression of the reaction rate for such a solid would be very convenient and greatly simplify the analysis. A method for this purpose was developed in this work for solids with shapes of finite cylinders and finite rectangular parallelepipeds reacting under the rate control by chemical reaction or mass transfer, which may be extended to other irregular shapes. In this method, an appropriate shape factor is first obtained under the conditions of a topochemical reaction, which is then applied to the unified rate expressions previously obtained for solids of three basic shapes. Good agreements between the rates predicted with the appropriate shape factors and the exact or numerical solutions were obtained for both reaction-controlled and pore-diffusion-controlled reactions.
Is One Picture Worth One Thousand Words

Letters a + b = b + a Although a precise definition of these terms is not included here, some classifications are necessary in order to study and better understand the abstracting processes of children as well as the relation of these processes to the types of lessons presented. 412 The Arithmetic Teacher This content downloaded from 207.46.13.149 on Wed, 19 Oct 2016 04:01:21 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Until more empirical data is available, concerned teachers can consider the following suggestions about the use of pictures. If a picture or symbolic representation is being misinterpreted by a portion of their students (greater than 20%), particularly if the teacher has given prerequisite concrete activities, then it is highly probable that this picture or diagram is not communicating
Reaching Latinos Through Social Media and SMS for Smoking Cessation

In South Texas, smoking rates among young Latino adults aged 18–29 are high (23.2%–25.7%). This is a serious public health problem, yet few are reached by services to help them quit smoking. Cellular phones have an extraordinary potential for assisting smoking cessation by providing access to peer modeling and social reinforcement for behavior change. Quitxt is a bilingual text-messaging and mobile media service designed at UT Health San Antonio to help young adults quit smoking. Text messages include links to web content and YouTube videos with peer modeling of reasons and skills to quit smoking. Quitxt was promoted in South Texas via social media advertising and other recruitment channels. An assessment of the program included 798 participants with a mean age of 29 years; 57% were males and 36% identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino. The mean number of cigarettes consumed per day was 11.5. Abstinence was assessed at 2, 4, and 7 months; at the 7-month follow up, 21% reported abstinence. This is consistent with high success rates found in studies of telephone counseling for young adults and confirms that text messaging services specifically designed for young adults are a feasible and cost-effective way to promote smoking cessation. Young adult smokers in South Texas can be reached via mobile media service. This highly scalable service makes mobile, personalized, smoking-cessation advice/support an affordable approach to reach disadvantaged population groups, affect public health, reduce health service costs, and reduce smoking-related health disparities.
Identification of emerging viral genomes in transcriptomic datasets of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

Publicly available transcriptomic datasets have become a valuable tool for the discovery of new pathogens, particularly viruses. In this study, several coding-complete viral genomes previously not found or experimentally confirmed in alfalfa were identified in the plant datasets retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive. Publicly available Medicago spp. transcriptomic datasets were retrieved from the NCBI SRA database. The raw reads were first mapped to the reference genomes of Medicago sativa and Medigago truncatula followed by the alignment of the unmapped reads to the NCBI viral genome database and de novo assembly using the SPAdes tool. When possible, assemblies were experimentally confirmed using 5′/3′ RACE and RT-PCRs. Twenty three different viruses were identified in the analyzed datasets, of which several represented emerging viruses not reported in alfalfa prior to this study. Among them were two strains of cnidium vein yellowing virus, lychnis mottle virus and Cactus virus X, for which coding-complete genomic sequences were obtained by a de novo assembly. The results improve our knowledge of the diversity and host range of viruses infecting alfalfa, provide essential tools for their diagnostics and characterization and demonstrate the utility of transcriptomic datasets for the discovery of new pathogens.
Frequency-dependent changes in mitochondrial number and generation of reactive oxygen species in a rat model of vibration-induced injury

ABSTRACTRegular use of vibrating hand tools results in cold-induced vasoconstriction, finger blanching, and a reduction in tactile sensitivity and manual dexterity. Depending upon the length and fr...
Functional sympatholysis is preserved in healthy young Black men during rhythmic handgrip exercise.

Black men have attenuated increases in forearm vascular conductance (FVC) and forearm blood flow (FBF) during moderate- and high-intensity rhythmic handgrip exercise compared with White men, but th...
Luminespib counteracts the Kifunensine-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction

Unfolded protein response (UPR) suppression by Kifunensine has been associated with lung hyperpermeability, the hallmark of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The present study investigates the effects of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor Luminespib (AUY-922) towards the Kifunensine-triggered lung endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate that the UPR inducer Luminespib counteracts the effects of Kifunensine in both human and bovine lung endothelial cells. Hence, we suggest that UPR manipulation may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against potentially lethal respiratory disorders, including the ARDS related to COVID-19.
Grocery Delivery of Healthy Foods to Pregnant Young Women With Low Incomes: Feasibility and Acceptability Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Poor maternal diets increase the risk of excess gestational weight gain which can contribute to serious intergenerational morbidity for both the mother and infant. Pregnant young women with low incomes have disproportionately high rates of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption as well as excess weight gains during pregnancy. Objective: Our aim was to describe the feasibility and acceptability of Special Delivery, a longitudinal nutrition intervention that delivers healthy foods to pregnant youth (aged 14-24 years) with low incomes. Methods: The Special Delivery pilot study, conducted in Michigan, enrolled pregnant young women with low incomes. Study participants were sent twice-monthly grocery deliveries consisting of US $35 worth of healthy foods, primarily fruits and vegetables. Between grocery deliveries, participants received daily SMS text message prompts to confirm receipt of delivery and document diet and weight. Program feasibility was assessed by the number of grocery orders placed, delivered, and confirmed by participants. Qualitative interviews and SMS text message data were used to determine acceptability by assessing participants’ perspectives on grocery delivery, participants’ perspectives on dietary impact of the program, and foods consumed by participants. Results: A total of 27 participants were enrolled in the pilot study. The mean age was 20.3 years (SD 2.0), and 59.3% (16/27) were African American or Black. During the pilot, 263 deliveries were sent with 98.5% (259/263) successful deliveries and 89.4% (235/263) deliveries confirmed by participants. Participants reported that grocery delivery was convenient; that delivered foods were high quality; and that the program improved their diet, increased access to healthy foods, and promoted healthy habits during pregnancy. Conclusions: A grocery delivery–based weight gain and nutrition intervention is both feasible and acceptable among low-income pregnant youth. Grocery deliveries were successfully completed and participants were willing and able to receive grocery deliveries, eat the healthy foods that were delivered, and communicate via SMS text message with study coordinators. The Special Delivery program warrants further evaluation for efficacy in promoting healthy weight gain for low-income youth during pregnancy.
Abstract 16656: Drug Eluting Balloon Versus Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Below the Knee Intervention for Critical Limb Ischemia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction: Studies have shown decrease rates of restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) with drug eluting balloon (DEB) in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Hypot...
Family environment and development in children adopted from institutionalized care.

After adoption, children exposed to institutionalized care show significant improvement, but incomplete recovery of growth and developmental milestones. There is a paucity of data regarding risk and protective factors in children adopted from institutionalized care. This prospective study followed children recently adopted from institutionalized care to investigate the relationship between family environment, executive function, and behavioral outcomes. Anthropometric measurements, physical examination, endocrine and bone age evaluations, neurocognitive testing, and behavioral questionnaires were evaluated over a 2-year period with children adopted from institutionalized care and non-adopted controls. Adopted children had significant deficits in growth, cognitive, and developmental measurements compared to controls that improved; however, residual deficits remained. Family cohesiveness and expressiveness were protective influences, associated with less behavioral problems, while family conflict and greater emphasis on rules were associated with greater risk for executive dysfunction. Our data suggest that a cohesive and expressive family environment moderated the effect of pre-adoption adversity on cognitive and behavioral development in toddlers, while family conflict and greater emphasis on rules were associated with greater risk for executive dysfunction. Early assessment of child temperament and parenting context may serve to optimize the fit between parenting style, family environment, and the child’s development.
Evaluation of Geo-Mechanical-Chemical Impacts of Co2 Injection to Depleted Oil Reservoirs

This paper presents a more holistic approach in evaluating the impacts of CO2 injection in CO2 sequestration operations in a depleted Morrow B sandstone of the Farnsworth Unit, Ochiltree County, Texas. The complex interactions between CO2 and the formation fluids (oil and brine) and the acidized brine interactions with formation rock when coupled with mechanical processes present an integrated and realistic effect of CO2 injection in the underground environment. In light of this, different coupled numerical simulation models were developed to investigate the various CO2 trapping mechanisms and the long-term fate of CO2 in a depleted Morrow B sandstone. The models include hydrodynamical model, coupled hydrodynamical-mechanical model, coupled hydrodynamical-chemical model, and coupled hydrodynamical-chemical-mechanical model. A WAG operation was carried out for 20 years after the history period and followed by a post-injection period of 1000 years to monitor and evaluate the effect of the injected CO2 on the underground environment. This work shows that geomechanics impacted the petrophysical properties of the reservoir and had significant impact on the injectivity of CO2. The chemical reactions had very little impact on the petrophysical properties of the reservoir. The different simulation scenarios resulted in variable amounts of storage within the partially depleted oil reservoir.
Early Intervention Orientation and Mobility: A Delphi Study of the Content of the Birth to 6 Orientation and Mobility Skills Inventory (B6OMSI)

Introduction: The objective of this research was to identify the appropriate content for an orientation and mobility (O&M) assessment for young children. It is necessary to have a reliable and vali...
Outcomes of a Small Group Program for Early Elementary Students with Self-Regulation Difficulties: Limitations of Transportability from Clinic to School

Several mental health programs have been developed in clinics and transported into schools, which has great potential for increasing access to intervention for students who may not be otherwise served. However, such programs may lack consideration of the complexity and constraints of schools, including the diversity of student needs and backgrounds, raising questions about their effectiveness in this context. This study evaluates the efficacy an evidence-based clinical program—the Incredible Years® Dina Dinosaur School small group treatment program—under such realistic conditions. A total of 138 first- and second-grade students identified as having self-regulation difficulties were randomized to Business as Usual or intervention, which included delivery of 34 group and 12 individual recess coaching sessions over 6 months, teacher consultation and in-service presentations, and three parent workshops. Multi-method outcome measures were collected before and after the intervention and at 6-month follow-up, evaluating self-regulation, disruptive behavior, social competence, and academic proficiency. The results indicated few significant main effects and consistently small effect sizes. Effects were generally larger for self-regulation and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) outcomes as well as for students at risk for ODD; however, meaningful improvement on functional school outcomes was limited. Findings suggest less impact than clinic-based delivery which typically includes a parent program component, although reduced effects may also be related to lower fidelity in some of the child groups. The results contribute to understanding transportability and have useful implications for school mental health programming.
Hospital Volumes of Inpatient Pediatric Surgery in the United States.

BACKGROUND Perioperative outcomes of children depend on the skill and expertise in managing pediatric patients, as well as integration of surgical, anesthesiology, and medical teams. We compared the types of pediatric patients and inpatient surgical procedures performed in low- versus higher-volume hospitals throughout the United States. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 323,258 hospitalizations with an operation for children age 0 to 17 years in 2857 hospitals included in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) 2016. Hospitals were categorized by their volume of annual inpatient surgical procedures. Specific surgeries were distinguished with the AHRQ Clinical Classification System. We assessed complex chronic conditions (CCCs) using Feudtner and Colleagues' system. RESULTS The median annual volume of pediatric inpatient surgeries across US hospitals was 8 (interquartile range [IQR], 3-29). The median volume of inpatient surgeries for children with a CCC was 4 (IQR, 1-13). Low-volume hospitals performed significantly fewer types of surgeries (median 2 vs 131 types of surgeries in hospitals with 1-24 vs ≥2000 volumes). Appendectomy and fixation of bone fracture were among the most common surgeries in low-volume hospitals. As the volume of surgical procedures increased from 1 to 24 to ≥2000, the percentage of older children ages 11 to 17 years decreased (70.9%-32.0% [P < .001]) and the percentage of children with a CCC increased (11.2%-60.0% [P < .001]). CONCLUSIONS Thousands of US hospitals performed inpatient surgeries on few pediatric patients, including those with CCCs who have the highest risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of perioperative decision making, workflows, and pediatric clinicians in low- and higher-volume hospitals is warranted.
Cross-genus Boot-up of Synthetic Bacteriophage in Staphylococcus aureus Using a New and Efficient DNA Transformation Method.

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing a wide range of infections and food poisoning in humans with antibiotic resistance, specifically to methicillin, compounding the problem. Bacteriophages (phages) provide an alternative treatment strategy, but only infect a limited number of circulating strains and may quickly become ineffective due to bacterial resistance. To overcome these obstacles, engineered phages have been proposed, but methods are needed for efficient transformation of large DNA molecules into S. aureus to boot-up (i.e., rescue) infectious phages. We present a new, efficient and reproducible DNA transformation method, NEST (Non-Electroporation Staphylococcus Transformation), for S. aureus to boot-up of purified phage genomic DNA (at least 150 kb in length tested) and whole yeast-assembled synthetic phage genomes. This method is a powerful new tool for transformation of DNA in S. aureus and will enable the rapid development of engineered therapeutic phages and phage cocktails against Gram-positive pathogens. Importance The continued emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens has heightened the urgency for alternative antibacterial strategies. Phages provide an alternative treatment strategy, but are difficult to optimize. Synthetic biology approaches have been successfully used to construct and rescue genomes of model phages, but only in a limited number of highly transformable host species. In this study, we used a new, reproducible, and efficient transformation method to reconstitute a functional non-model Siphophage from a constructed synthetic genome. This method will facilitate not only the engineering of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus phages for therapeutic applications but also the engineering of Staphylococcus strains by enabling transformation of higher molecular weight DNA to introduce more complex modifications.
Genetic Relationship Among Bacteria Classified as Vibrios

Genetic relatedness among six bacterial strains currently classified as vibrios was determined by biochemical tests, deoxyribonucleic acid base composition analysis, and the detection of nucleic acid homology by the membrane filter method. Varying degrees of genetic homology existed among vibrios having similar base compositions. The bovine isolate which had a substantially different per cent guanine plus cytosine content was shown to be genetically different from the remaining vibrio strains. The use of nucleic acid homology studies in classifying vibrio strains is discussed.
Automated topology control for wideband directional links in airborne military networks

Future airborne military operations will rely on emerging wideband directional RF and optical links for machine to machine networking. Management and control for such directional wireless links on mobile platforms is a significant challenge that does not arise in fixed terrestrial networks. As a consequence, new protocols and approaches are needed. This paper presents an architectural framework for control of wideband directional links in airborne military networks. Several distributed algorithms for automated topology management that we have devised and prototyped are described and compared. Results and experience from simulations and emulations are presented.
Quantum Chaos Effects in Mechanical Wave Systems

Quantum chaos effects, such as wavefunction scarring and Wigner- Dyson level-spacings distributions, have been observed in a number of analogue experimental systems, including microwave cavities, water surface waves, acoustic cavities, and mechanical elastic wave systems. We describe experiments on two such mechanical wave systems, 1) elastic membranes - i.e., drumheads - which obey an underlying Helmholtz equation, and 2) thin metal plates undergoing transverse vibrations which are described by a biharmonic wave equation. For the elastic membrane system we have extensively studied the spectral statistics of both circular and stadium-shaped geometries with clamped boundary conditions; limited information about the spatial structure of high order eigenmodes has also been obtained. In plate experiments, a thin stadium-shaped plate is vibrated mechanically subject to fully clamped boundaries. High order eigenmodes are imaged using time-averaged holographic interferometry and show clear evidence of scarring. Adopting an eikonal form of the solution along classical trajectories of the stadium billiard and treating the problem exactly at the boundaries, we have obtained and experimentally verified novel quantization conditions for the observed modes.