cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kidney Paired Donation Programs for Incompatible Living Kidney Donors and Recipients

Living kidney donors who are not compatible with their intended recipients are increasingly joining programs designed to match them to exchange opportunities with other donors and recipients. By circumventing or attenuating the incompatibility, kidney paired donation (KPD), or kidney exchange, allows more living donors to facilitate their recipients’ transplants. A higher proportion of incompatible pairs can find matches in programs that enroll more pairs, and in programs that incorporate compatible pairs and/or nondirected donors and combine paired exchange with desensitization. Several registries provide matching services for incompatible pairs in the US, including one program administered by the United Network for Organ Sharing. Making the most of KPD has required advances in live donor organ transport, mathematics for optimized matching, and logistical and financial coordination.
Domain optimization of sputtered permalloy shields for recording heads

NiFe single layer and multilayer films laminated with amorphous Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ interlayers were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. The total ferromagnetic layer thickness was constant 1800 nm for the single and four layer lamination. Full film magnetic characterization revealed comparable soft magnetic properties for all samples. However, patterning the samples led to completely different domain and domain wall characteristics depending on the interlayer thickness. Influences of existing perpendicular anisotropy were observed by magneto-optical Kerr microscopy in the domain walls and closure domains of the structured samples. With increasing Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ thickness the influence of perpendicular anisotropy on the domain patterns was reduced. At the largest interlayer thickness, the magnetization in each ferromagnetic layer behaves independently. The observed micromagnetic structures will be discussed.
Case Definitions for Use in Population-Based Surveillance of Periodontitis

Many definitions of periodontitis have been used in the literature for population-based studies, but there is no accepted standard. In early epidemiologic studies, the two major periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, were combined and considered to be a continuum. National United States surveys were conducted in 1960 to 1962, 1971 to 1974, 1981, 1985 to 1986, 1988 to 1994, and 1999 to 2000. The case definitions and protocols used in the six national surveys reflect a continuing evolution and improvement over time. Generally, the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis is based on measures of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), the radiographic pattern and extent of alveolar bone loss, gingival inflammation measured as bleeding on probing, or a combination of these measures. Several other patient characteristics are considered, and several factors, such as age, can affect measurements of PD and CAL. Accuracy and reproducibility of measurements of PD and CAL are important because case definitions for periodontitis are based largely on either or both measurements, and relatively small changes in these values can result in large changes in disease prevalence. The classification currently accepted by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) was devised by the 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. However, in 2003 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the AAP appointed a working group to develop further standardized clinical case definitions for population-based studies of periodontitis. This classification defines severe periodontitis and moderate periodontitis in terms of PD and CAL to enhance case definitions and further demonstrates the importance of thresholds of PD and CAL and the number of affected sites when determining prevalence.
Green's function of a liquid/solid interface and application to fluid coupled ultrasonic materials testing

Computer algorithms for the dynamic Green's functions have been derived. They can be used to determine the response of ultrasonic receivers to the ultrasonic energy scattered in specific materials insonified by the output of known ultrasonic sources. Of the various configurations studied by the authors, the one involving two transducers in a liquid medium facing a solid specimen most directly simulates conditions often found in materials testing. With the transfer function between instantaneous local pressures at the source and the receiver dependent only on two geometric distances, iterative computations can readily be used to simulate the outcome of realistic experiments. Simple formulas are derived for the explicit computation of the Green's function, which in turn can be used for time domain simulations. >
Vote and Be Heard: Adding Back-Channel Signals to Social Mirrors

In face-to-face group situations, social pressure and organizational hierarchy relegate the less outspoken to silence, often resulting in fewer voices, fewer ideas, and groupthink. However, in mediated interaction like email, more people join in the discussion to offer their opinion. With this work, we aim to combine the benefits of mediated communication with the benefits and affordances of face-to-face interaction by adding a mediated back-channel. We describe Conversation Votes , a tabletop system that augments verbal conversation with a shared anonymous back-channel to highlight agreement. We then discuss a study of our design with groups engaged in repeated discussion. Our results show that anonymous visual back-channels provide a medium for the underrepresented voices of a conversation and balances interaction among all participants.
Truly-asynchronous, scalable and survivable optical CDMA networks with heterogeneous QoS

All-optical processing technologies, including all-optical thresholding, noise suppression, and autocorrelation peak detection, are shown to enhance the performance of incoherent optical CDMA networks. A truly-asynchronous optical network with flexible quality-of-service and self-healing capability is demonstrated.
The brittle-to-ductile transition in pre-cleaved silicon single crystals

Abstract A series of fracture experiments were carried out at various strain-rates on pre-cracked silicon single crystals between – 196° and 1000°C. The surface energy for cleavage was determined from many tests to be 2500 erg/cm2. A transition from pure cleavage to general yielding at the crack-tip was found to occur over several degrees centigrade. The brittle-to-ductile transition was rate dependent and obeyed an activation energy close to that for thermally-activated dislocation glide. A mechanism based on crack-tip blunting through dislocation nucleation and glide was developed to explain the abruptness of the brittle-to-ductile transition. The crack-tip dislocation arrangements were analysed by Lang X-ray topography.
Phosphoinositide-derived messengers in endocrine signaling.

One of the fundamental questions in endocrinology is how circulating or locally produced hormones affect target cell functions by activating specific receptors linked to numerous signal-transduction pathways. An important subset of G protein-coupled cell-surface receptors can activate phospholipase C enzymes to hydrolyze a small but critically important class of phospholipids, the phosphoinositides. Although this signaling pathway has been extensively explored over the last 20 years, this has proven to be only the tip of the iceberg, and the multiplicity and diversity of the cellular functions controlled by phosphoinositides have surpassed any imagination. Phosphoinositides have been found to be key regulators of ion channels and transporters, and controllers of vesicular trafficking and the transport of lipids between intracellular membranes. Essentially, they organize the recruitment and regulation of signaling protein complexes in specific membrane compartments. While many of these processes have been classically studied by cell biologists, molecular endocrinology cannot ignore these recent advances, and now needs to integrate the cell biologist’s views in the modern concept of how hormones affect cell functions and how derailment of simple molecular events can lead to complex endocrine and metabolic disorders.
Training in Supervision A Survey of Current Practices

This study examined the current state of affairs of training in the practice of supervision in doctoral programs and predoctoral internship sites accredited by the American Psychological Association. Results indicated that although a majority of programs and sites offered some type of opportunity for training in supervision, there were differences in the methods and extent of the training. In particular, statistically significant differences were found between the training offered in counseling psychology programs when compared to clinical psychology programs, and in university counseling center internship programs when compared to other types of internship sites. The more extensive training in supervision offered among counseling psychology programs and counseling center internship sites is discussed in terms of the identity of counseling psychology and the future of professional psychology in general. Recommendations for enhancing training in the conduct of supervision and directions for further researc...
Slip Flow in a Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Layer

The flow in a laminar boundary layer of an electrically conducting gas near the continuum limit, with a slip boundary condition at the wall, is computed numerically. Both the magnetic terms and the slip boundary condition will lead to a loss of self-similarity in the flow. The structure of the equations shows that the importance of the magnetic terms increases as the flow becomes more rarefied. Numerical results provide an estimate of the relative impact of the MHD terms on the wall friction and slip velocity in a rarefied boundary layer. The results suggest that the high gradients created by MHD terms will lead to continuum breakdown, increasing the importance of the slip condition.
Connection Time for Strange Devices

Connecting small, mobile computers to other computers, especially when these connections are not preconfigured, is a critical element in the user experience of multi-device applications. We empirically studied the user performance and experience of such connections using WiFi phones with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth radio, and wired connections in a docking cradle. Results show that the gain of easier information access by connecting phones to larger displays and keyboards could outweigh the cost of making the connection for text entry with as few as a dozen characters.
SDRCS: A service-differentiated real-time communication scheme for event sensing in wireless sensor networks

Real-time communication is crucial for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to accomplish collaborative event sensing tasks with specific timing constraints. In this work, a service-differentiated real-time communication scheme (SDRCS) is developed to provide soft real-time guarantees for event-based traffic in WSNs. SDRCS features a cross-layer packet forwarding design to integrate the real-time routing functionality with a novel prioritized medium access control scheme. Based on this design, SDRCS performs distributed packet traversal speed estimation for traffic classification and admission control. SDRCS also performs prioritized packet forwarding so that the routing decisions are locally performed for maximized packet traversal speed. SDRCS requires no extra hardware for localization, transmission power adaptation or multi-channel transmission. It also adapts well to network dynamics, such as channel quality and communication voids. Performance evaluations show that SDRCS significantly improves the on-time delivery ratio and service-differentiation granularity for mixed priority traffic flows in unsynchronized WSNs, compared with currently used communication schemes. SDRCS also provides higher end-to-end throughput in terms of supporting higher source data rates with tight end-to-end latency requirements.
The Impact of Product Variety on Automobile Assembly Operations: Empirical Evidence and Simulation Analysis

This study examines the impact of product variety on automobile assembly plant performance using data from GM's Wilmington, Delaware plant, together with simulation analyses of a more general auto assembly line. We extend prior product variety studies by providing evidence on the magnitude of variety-related production losses, the mechanisms through which variety impacts performance, and the effects of option bundling and labor staffing policies on the costs of product variety. The empirical analyses indicate that greater day-to-day variability in option content (but not mean option content per car) has a significant adverse impact on total labor hours per car produced, overhead hours per car produced, assembly line downtime, minor repair and major rework, and inventory levels, but does not have a significant short-run impact on total direct labor hours. However, workstations with higher variability in option content have greater slack direct labor resources to buffer against process time variation, introducing an additional cost of product variety. The simulation results support these findings in that once each workstation is optimally buffered against process time variation, product variety has an insignificant impact on direct assembly labor. The simulations also show that bundling options can reduce the amount of buffer capacity required, and that random variation is more pernicious to productivity than product variety, supporting the efforts of some auto makers to aggressively attack the causes of random variation.
Psychological Evaluation and Testing Services in Medical Settings

Psychological testing has been an integral part of the history of clinical psychology and plays an increasingly important role in the lives of individuals in our society (Dahlstrom, 1985; Klopfer, 1983). Within medical settings, psychological testing has grown rapidly in recent years and remains one of the most common practices of psychologists. The growth of such assessment-oriented specialties as clinical neuropsychology has even outdistanced the enormous growth in the treatment-oriented field of behavioral medicine (Wedding & Williams, 1983). Although more traditional personality assessment (especially projective testing) experienced some disfavor among clinicians and subsequent decreased use in the 1960s (Jackson & Wohl, 1966; Shemberg & Keeley, 1970), such testing again achieved widespread acceptability and emphasis in clinical training in the 1970s and 1980s (Ritzier & Alter, 1986). In fact, based on a survey of practicing clinical psychologists, (Wade & Baker, 1977; Wade, Baker, Morton, & Baker, 1978), it has been reported that the Rorschach ranks first among the tests most frequently recommended for clinical psychology students to learn.
Standardization of patellofemoral morphology in the pediatric knee

Our understanding of osseous morphology and pathology of the patellofemoral joint continues to improve with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but a paucity of data currently exists in the pediatric population. We aim to formulate a reproducible means of quantitative assessment of patellofemoral morphology in children using MRI and to describe morphological changes based on sex and age. We identified 414 children presenting between 2002 and 2014 who obtained a knee MRI to evaluate for knee pain or clinically suspected knee pathology. After application of inclusion criteria, 144 “normal” MRIs in 131 children (71 boys, 60 girls) were included in the analysis. The following MRI measurements were recorded: lateral trochlear inclination, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear depth, tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance, sulcus angle and patellar height ratio. To assess intraobserver reliability, measurements in 30 randomly selected children were repeated. Differences between patient age and sex were assessed using independent t-tests and adjusted regression analysis. All recorded measurements had strong to very strong inter- and intraobserver reliability: lateral trochlear inclination (0.91/0.82), trochlear facet asymmetry (0.81/0.83), trochlear depth (0.83/0.90), tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (0.97/0.87), sulcus angle (0.84/0.78) and patellar height ratio (0.96/0.83). When age and sex were mutually adjusted, statistically significant differences between males and females were observed in trochlear depth (P = 0.0084) and patellar height ratio (P = 0.0035). However, statistically significant age differences were found on all measurements except for lateral trochlear inclination. As expected, mean measurement values approached adult norms throughout skeletal maturation suggestive of age-dependent patellofemoral maturation. Our data verify the development of patellofemoral morphology with advancing age. We found that six of the most commonly used patellofemoral measurements in adults can be accurately reproduced regardless of age.
Keep me posted!: human and machine learning analysis of facebook updates

The key element of Facebook social network platform is the status updates, in which the user can upload text or other media such as pictures and videos. In this study, we manually classified more than 3500 Facebook status updates (FSUs) by the subject, the emotional activation, the medium used, the originality and the degree of self-referential content. We then cross-tabulated that information with demographic factors such as gender and occupation. Thirty students participated in the categorization task, each annotating more than 100 FSUs of their Facebook friends' FSUs. Statistical and supervised machine learning analysis was then applied to the categorized features. The text itself was not analyzed further after the annotation for the purpose of preserving the privacy and anonymity of the FSU authors. Results show that FSUs vary in subject, emotional connotation and structure as a function of demographic factors like gender and occupation of the poster. Statistical analysis and supervised machine learning are able to predict the demographic and emotional expressions based on the other features annotated by the participants.
Survivor studies and radiation standards

Findings from studies of atomic-bomb survivors were used to establish tolerable exposures to low-level radiation. But three other studies suggest that those risks may have been greatly underestimated.
Studies on Biosensing Property and Functionalization of In2O3 and Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor

Biosensing property and functionalization of In2O3 nanowire and carbon nanotube field effect transistor were investigated. Low-density lipoproteins adsorbed on their surface were found to give complementary effects on their electrical property, e.g., enhanced conductance in NW and suppressed conductance in CNT. Prostate specific antigen was selectively detected by functionalizing the sensors with PSA antibody via linker molecules. It was found that the exposure to 0.14 nM (5 ng/ml) PSA increases the conductance of In2O3 nanowire by 1.3 %, while 1.4 nM (50 ng/ml) PSA decreases that of carbon nanotube by 2 %. Additionally, selective functionalization of Indium Tin Oxide thin film and In2O3 NWs with probe DNA single strand was achieved by selectively converting hydroquinone into quinone using electrochemistry, as confirmed by the fluorescence study.
The Ecosystem Management Technology of Non-point Source Pollution Control

Non-point source pollution is a common problem with random process,complex mechanism,widespread distribution,latent occurrence in China,and the ecosystem management technology is significant approach to non-point source pollution control. On the base of reviewing the meaning、applicability、function of the ecosystem management technology,this paper proposed a valuable methods of ecosystem management technology to deal with non-point source pollution in Zhejiang province.
Some Observations on Cytochrome F

When HILL & SCARISBRICK (1951) first detected cytochrome f in insoluble residues of acetone-dried chloroplasts, they also described a method for bringing the component in solution by macerating leaves in ammoniacal ethanol. Subsequent purification studies on this haem-protein from leaves of higher plants have been few (DAVENPORT & HILL 1952, FORTI et al. 1965, HOTTA et al. 1967, SHEN & WASSERMAN 1970) and directed principally to the cytochrome from curled varieties of garden parsley (DAVENPORT & HILL 1952, FORTI et al. 1965). This can be attributed in part to the somewhat critical conditions required for effective extraction by the original method (HILL & SCARISBRICK 1951, DAVENPORT & HILL 1952) and to the property of curled parsley of retaining a near optimum concentration of the extraction fluid in their folds at the moment of disruption. Moreover, the method, applied to other leaves, including spinach, may initiate browning reactions making purification of the protein difficult.
Data, Databases, Data Format, Database Search, Data Retrieval Systems, and Genome Browsers

At the core of all genomic data are the sequence data with proper annotation. Sequence data are initially submitted to primary (archival) databases. The data from the primary databases are curated and richly annotated to create secondary and specialized databases. This chapter discusses the three primary databases—that is, the NCBI, EMBL, and DDBJ databases—and how to submit data to these databases. The chapter also provides a long list of various secondary and specialized databases with their respective links. Various database-specific sequence flatfile formats are discussed, along with various data retrieval systems. Using one gene and its mRNA and protein products as examples, the reader is shown how to retrieve various types of information associated with a sequence. The examples are shown using primarily the NCBI database. Finally, data visualization using three genome browsers—Ensembl, UCSC, and Map Viewer—is also discussed.
Industry variations in the broadband business nexus

Abstract Although broadband Internet infrastructure is acknowledged as a key ingredient to competitiveness, an unfortunate aspect of current work is the dominant focus on households. Given the need for more research on the multidimensional relationship between broadband and businesses, or the broadband-business nexus, this study estimates econometric models to evaluate the impact of early broadband availability on future levels of business activity. Model results suggest regions with an early advantage in broadband provision had more business growth than other regions. Model results also highlight long-lasting spatial effects on business activity stemming from broadband spillovers from core hubs to neighboring areas.
Heart rate variability predicts duration of respiratory support in preterm infants

Background: Very preterm/ very low birth weight infants are known to be a high-risk population. A better understanding of autonomic dysregulation, such as poor control of breathing and heart rate, and its resolution would be very desirable. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, single centre, observational study in the neonatal intensive care unit at the University Children9s Hospital Basel, Switzerland. We performed surface diaphragmatic electromyography (EMG) measurements (Polybench; Inbiolab) to derive heart rate variability (HRV). EMG measurements lasted for three hours, during the first five days of life in very preterm/ very low birth weight infants. HRV analysis included descriptive outcomes, sample entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis. Statistical analysis included linear regression analysis between HRV parameters and perinatal data of the infant. Results: We performed HRV analysis of 309 surface EMG measurements in 76 infants, born at mean (standard deviation (SD)) 30.2 (2.2) weeks gestational age and with a birth weight of mean (SD) 1274 (344) g. A multivariable linear regression analysis showed an additive value of sample entropy after correction for demographic factors to predict total duration of respiratory support. The final model explained 53% of the variability in duration of respiratory support between infants. Conclusion: We conclude that characterizing dynamics of HRV might provide a non-invasive opportunity to improve prediction of maturation in autonomic control. This might ultimately reduce patient risk and costs of hospitalization.
SP0110 What Makes An Effective Mentor and An Effective Mentee

Mentoring is a key teaching skill that is considered to be a core component of the duties of all medical school faculty. Effective mentoring requires understanding the needs of the mentee. How do we learn how to be an effective mentor? How we we learn how to be an effective mentee? As Daloz (1986) said “I resolved to look more closely at what good teachers and mentors actually do as they guide their charges along on their transformational journeys.” In this session I will explore what good mentors and good mentees can do toward achieving successful outcomes and address specific characteristics of effective mentors. This session will be of interest to mentors and mentees in research and clinical areas. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Worth Your Salt: Halophiles in Education

Scientists are accused of being myopic-of studying one tiny corner of the natural world for decades. Perhaps microbiologists, who study the tiniest life, are most guilty of this view. The research is important, and such in-depth study provides a strong foundation on which many can build, but the impact of what you do outside the research may be equally significant. We invite halophile scientists to participate in efforts beyond the laboratory. Give a talk at your local library, speak to the newspaper, and go into schools. Work with undergraduates, design field trips for the community, and engage teachers. Our plea is discussed below, with models, rationale, and support from research in the field of science education.
Equipoise, Uncertainty, and Inductive Risk in Research Involving Pregnant Women

I examine how equipoise and uncertainty ought to be managed in ethically sound and scientifically valid clinical research involving pregnant women. Drawing on recent work in philosophy of science, I argue that it is built into the internal nature of practical reason that equipoise and uncertainty are always relative to a set of values and interests. In brief, this is because a higher evidence bar will raise the risk of false negatives exactly as much as it will lower the risk of false positives, and typically both kinds of errors have costs. Furthermore, interventions during pregnancy are likely to engage sets of values and interests that are deeply held, particularly prone to intense ideological and cultural pressures, and highly variable. Pregnant women have interests and agency of their own, and are caretakers of their foetuses’ well-being. As such, they have an especially important role in determining what counts as legitimate equipoise for the purposes of clinical research in which they may participate. I conclude that for both epistemological and ethical reasons, pregnant women should be given the epistemic tools to make informed, value-relative determinations of scientific uncertainty, and they should be included in the initial process of determining research questions and designing trials.
Leveraging Electronic Health Care Record Information to Measure Pressure Ulcer Risk in Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Study Protocol.

Background: Pressure ulcers (PrUs) are a frequent, serious, and costly complication for veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI). The health care team should periodically identify PrU risk, although there is no tool in the literature that has been found to be reliable, valid, and sensitive enough to assess risk in this vulnerable population. Objective: The immediate goal is to develop a risk assessment model that validly estimates the probability of developing a PrU. The long-term goal is to assist veterans with SCI and their providers in preventing PrUs through an automated system of risk assessment integrated into the veteran’s electronic health record (EHR). Methods: This 5-year longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study targets 12,344 veterans with SCI who were cared for in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in fiscal year (FY) 2009 and had no record of a PrU in the prior 12 months. Potential risk factors identified in the literature were reviewed by an expert panel that prioritized factors and determined if these were found in structured data or unstructured form in narrative clinical notes for FY 2009-2013. These data are from the VHA enterprise Corporate Data Warehouse that is derived from the EHR structured (ie, coded in database/table) or narrative (ie, text in clinical notes) data for FY 2009-2013. Results: This study is ongoing and final results are expected in 2017. Thus far, the expert panel reviewed the initial list of risk factors extracted from the literature; the panel recommended additions and omissions and provided insights about the format in which the documentation of the risk factors might exist in the EHR. This list was then iteratively refined through review and discussed with individual experts in the field. The cohort for the study was then identified, and all structured, unstructured, and semistructured data were extracted. Annotation schemas were developed, samples of documents were extracted, and annotations are ongoing. Operational definitions of structured data elements have been created and steps to create an analytic dataset are underway. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort employed to identify PrU risk factors in the United States. It also represents the first time natural language processing and statistical text mining will be used to expand the number of variables available for analysis. A major strength of this quantitative study is that all VHA SCI centers were included in the analysis, reducing potential for selection bias and providing increased power for complex statistical analyses. This longitudinal study will eventually result in a risk prediction tool to assess PrU risk that is reliable and valid, and that is sensitive to this vulnerable population. [JMIR Res Protoc 2017;6(1):e3]
Interpatient mutational spectrum of human coronavirus-OC43 revealed by illumina sequencing

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are RNA viruses that cause respiratory tract infections with viral replication of limited duration. The host and viral population heterogeneity could influence clinical phenotypes. Employing long RT-PCR with Illumina sequencing, we quantified the gene mutation load at 0.5% mutation frequency for the 4529 bp-domain spanning the Spike gene (4086 bp) of HCoV-OC43 in four upper respiratory clinical specimens obtained during acute illness. There were a total of 121 mutations for all four HCoV samples with the average number of mutations at 30.3 ± 10.2, which is significantly higher than that expected from the Illumina sequencing error rate. There were two mutation peaks, one at the 5' end and the other near position 1 550 in the S1 subunit. Two coronavirus samples were genotype B and two were genotype D, clustering with HCoV-OC43 strain AY391777 in neighbor-joining tree phylogenetic analysis. Nonsynonymous mutations were 76.1 ± 14% of mutation load. Although lower than other RNA viruses such as hepatitis C virus, HCoV-OC43 did exhibit quasi-species. The rate of nonsynonymous mutations was higher in the HCoV-OC43 isolates than in hepatitis C (HCV) virus genotype 1a isolates analyzed for comparison in this study. These characteristics of HCoV-OC43 may affect viral replication dynamics, receptor binding, antigenicity, evolution, transmission, and clinical illness.
Enhancement of cetuximab-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with lenalidomide in advanced solid tumors: A phase 1 trial.

3044 Background: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one mechanism of action of monoclonal antibody therapy. ADCC occurs via the innate immune system’s ability to recognize mAb coated cancer cells and activate effector cells. Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent with capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation, activate natural killer cells, and effect immune cytokines including IL-2, IL-12, and interferon gamma (INF-g). Pre-clinical and clinical data demonstrate the ability of lenalidomide to increase ADCC activity of mAb therapy. This phase 1 trial evaluated the combination of cetuximab with lenalidomide to enhance ADCC activity in advanced colorectal (CRC) and head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC). Methods: This phase 1 dose escalation (3+3) trial included pts with metastatic CRC or HNSCC. Treatment consisted of cetuximab 500 mg/m2 IV every 2 weeks with lenalidomide orally days 1-21 every 28 days. Three dose levels of lenalidomide were evaluated (15, 20, and 25 mg). Correlative...
Development and Testing of a Measure of Caregiver Confidence in Medical Sign/Symptom Management.

Evaluation of efforts to support family caregivers of people with dementia in their daily medical management responsibilities requires a measure of caregiver self-efficacy (confidence). This articl...
Connectivity in rivers

Connectivity describes the degree to which matter and organisms can move among spatially defined units in a natural system. River connectivity is typically described in longitudinal, lateral, and v...
A peculiar mechanism of bite-force enhancement in lungless salamanders revealed by a new geometric method for modeling muscle moments.

ABSTRACT Desmognathine salamanders possess unusual morphological features for lungless salamanders that have been proposed to aid in burrowing and biting, including well-ossified jaws and skull and a pair of robust ligaments connecting the atlas to the mandible. We evaluated the function of these and other peculiar desmognathine cranial features in biting by examining the morphology, mechanics and in vivo biting performance of the large Desmognathus quadramaculatus. We estimated theoretical biting force using a novel geometric method that we describe. Results provide quantitative evidence to bolster earlier conclusions that the unusual atlanto-mandibular ligaments couple ventral head flexion, a unique desmognathine behavior, with biting performance. Our analysis also reveals that the ligaments not only transmit, but also amplify the force of head flexion when acting together with the unusual stalked occipital condyles, enlarged atlas and massive quadratopectoralis muscles. The geometric model predicts that this mechanism contributes five times the biting force of the three jaw levator muscles combined and predicts that maximum biting force in D. quadramaculatus matches or exceeds forces reported for similarly sized lizards. The in vivo biting performance we measured was several times greater in D. quadramaculatus than another plethodontid salamander, Pseudotriton ruber, which lacks the unusual morphology and mechanism of desmognathines. The effective biting mechanism of D. quadramaculatus we describe is an emergent property of many of the distinguishing morphological features of desmognathine salamanders and likely plays an important role in their natural history given that desmognathines use biting in feeding, defense and even courtship.
Abstract W MP114: Impact of Blood Removal on Perihematomal Apparent Diffusion Coefficients in Patients Treated with Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus rt-PA

Introduction: Novel procedures such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and rt-PA administration can effectively reduce not only blood volume, but also perihematomal edema (PHE) formation in stroke...
A Survey of Psychiatric Practice: Implications for Psychiatric Training

One hundred and seventy-two of 334 psychiatrists in the state of Washington returned completed questionnaires inquiring into their practice activities. The results suggested that psychiatrists continue to be involved in a broad spectrum of activities; combining pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy appears to be a dominant trend. Although liaison, inpatient work, and target populations occupy a small percentage of time, future psychiatrists are likely to be increasingly involved in these areas.
Thoracic Outlet Syndromes Neurogenic and Arterial

To accomplish decompression of the thoracic outlet, the first rib must be completely resected along with the tendons of the anterior and medial scalene muscle which can be safely done making two incisions as described.
Getting to Accountability: A Framework for Planning & Implementing Anticorruption Strategies

A key lesson from historical examples of anticorruption successes and failures is that bursts of anticorruption policy seldom develop into lasting shifts in the overall corruption equilibrium if th...
Assessment of Depression and Anxiety

This chapter focuses specifically on assessment of anxiety and depression in youth through an overview of the symptoms of each problem, developmental considerations in their assessment, and specific tools and informants that may be useful in such assessments. Some of the better-known narrow-band measures for assessing child and adolescent anxiety and depression are described, including the degree to which information from those measures translates to treatment recommendations.
Geometrie Flows for Image Processing

Based on modern invariant theory and symmetry groups, a high- level way of defining invariant geometric flows for a given Lie group is first described in this work. We then analyze in more detail different subgroups of the projective group, which are of special interest for computer vision. We classify the corresponding invariant flows and show that the geometric heat flow is the simplest possible one. Results on invariant geometric flows of surfaces are presented in this paper as well. We then show how the planar curve flow obtained for the affine group can be used for geometric smoothing of planar shapes and edge preserving enhancement of MRI. We conclude the paper with the presentation of other applications of geometric flows in image processing, which include segmentation, anisotropic diffusion of color images, and contrast normalization.
Fast-Time Heat Pulse Measurements in High- and Low-Diffusivity Materials

In this paper we discuss two sample geometries which we have used for low-temperature thermal measurements on high- and low-diffusivity materials respectively. In the first geometry, our data reveal features of the response at early times which we ascribe to causality effects. The second geometry gives one the opportunity to investigate both heat capacity and thermal diffusivity on different time-scales in the same sample. Data on vitreous silica, which so far are restricted to temperatures above 0.6 K, do not reveal any large differences from the predictions of standard diffusion theory. However, we discuss an anomaly which may be related to the time-dependent heat capacity of the standard two-level-systems model.
Use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry to characterize carbonaceous films modified by electrons and hydrogen atoms

Abstract X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) have been used to interrogate and spatially map changes that occur to ultra-thin (
Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Regulation of Myelin Synthesis

The process of myelination involves the coordinated expression of specific genes in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Since the formation of myelin is the result of an interaction of one of the above cell types with an appropriate class of axon, it might be predicted that regulatory signals exist which allow for the recognition of the correct axonal type and specify the induction of expression of myelin-specific genes. A number of lines of evidence infer the existence of such signals, but the biochemical identity of the signals, and the mechanisms and pathways through which they act, remain unknown. In this article I shall explore what we can infer about this hypothesized regulation, and present some experimental approaches which may shed light on the questions raised.
Special Problems of Hair Goats

The majority of Angora goats in the United States are in Texas, although several other states have significant populations. Angora goats have unique nutritional requirements, especially for protein, owing to their selection for mohair production. They are typically managed on extensive systems in which nutrition is marginal at certain times of the year. Mineral requirements and plant toxicities may vary between regions where Angora goats are raised. Many toxic plants are unpalatable and a problem only during times when animals are hungry and forced to eat them. Reproductive efficiency is notoriously low in Angora goats, for which a 50% kid crop weaned is average in many areas. This is due to some degree to poor nutrition and the associated stress abortions and birth of weak kids. Some Angora nannies are poor mothers and abandon their kids if distracted or frightened soon after parturition. Predators cause serious kid losses in many areas. Intensive management at kidding time can markedly increase the kid crop weaned. Freeze loss is a common problem in freshly shorn goats that are exposed to a rapid change in temperature and/or wind and rain. Because of the high protein requirement, the marginal dietary protein in many Angora diets, and the traditional raising of Angoras in arid regions where browsing of plants off the ground is typical, Angoras in wet regions that are forced to graze seem to be especially susceptible to internal parasitism with Haemonchus contortus. Coccidiosis can also be a severe problem in young Angoras that are congregated in small areas. Cashmere is not a specific breed of goat but rather a type of fine fiber produced by individuals of any breed of goat. Goats that have been selected for production of this fine, downy undercoat are referred to as "Cashmere" goats. In the United States, crossbreeding of Spanish (meat) goats to cashmere type bucks is being suggested as a way of producing an extra commodity from meat goat herds.
Globalização e políticas linguísticas em sociedades multilíngues: estudos de caso do sudeste da Asia

Nas ultimas decadas, transformacoes econoomicas e politicas significativas transcorreram no mundo. Essas mudancas deixaram sua marca tambem nas praticas de ensino e aprendizagem de linguas em todo o globo. Ha um claro movimento em prol de praticas multilingues, o que fica evidente no titulo do artigo de posicao da UNESCO sobre a educacao de 2003, "Education in a multilingual world". Frente a longa historia de contextos multilingues na regiao do Himalaia e a emergencia de duas potencias mundiais no seculo 21, a India e a China, as praticas e politicas linguisticas da regiao tornaram-se assunto de grande interesse para linguistas e legisladores de todo o mundo. Este artigo contempla estudos de caso para investigar como a globalizacao influencia as politicas e praticas de educacao linguistica em paises multilingues. Os estudos de caso aqui destacados, oriundos de quatro nacoes do sudeste asiatico, Afeganistao, China, India e Nepal, oferecem insights para outras nacoes multilingues do mundo, por representar os impactos da globalizacao nas praticas e politicas linguisticas dos paises multilingues. O artigo sugere mais pesquisas e estudos comparativos sobre a educacao plurilingue nas nacoes multilingues do mundo.
Electro-fracture Studies of Natural Fiber Composites

The electro-fracture studies on jute/epoxy composites are conducted for monitoring damage under mode-I interlaminar fracture loading condition. A well-connected electrical network is built inside t...
Microwave Processing Controls the Morphology of Block Copolymer-Templated Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide Films

Microwave heating provides an efficient method to rapidly heat materials through interaction of microwaves with the media. Here, we demonstrate the rapid synthesis of mesoporous cobalt oxide films through the heating of the silicon substrate by microwaves. A non-sol-gel approach based on cobalt nitrate-citric acid complex cooperative assembly with a poly[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate]-block-poly(butyl acrylate) (PMPEGMA-b-PBA) block copolymer was used to fabricate the cobalt oxide through a cobalt carbonate intermediate. The time required to convert cobalt carbonate to cobalt oxide with the full removal of the PMPEGMA-b-PBA template can be decreased by two orders of magnitude with microwaves in comparison to standard heating in a furnace at 350 °C. At the highest microwave power examined (1500 W), this can be accomplished within 2 s, while >5 min is required at 350 °C in a furnace. At a microwave power of <400 W, there is insufficient energy to induce the transition from carbonate to oxide, but even at only 420 W, the oxide can be formed within 26 s. The rapid heating by the microwaves tends to increase the crystallinity and mean crystal size of the cobalt oxide within the mesoporous films. Despite the growth of larger average crystals, the pore size and porosity tend to be larger when the film is processed using microwaves. Higher microwave power leads to larger average crystals and average pore size. These results suggest that rapid processing to crystallize frameworks in mesoporous materials may allow for highly crystalline frameworks without loss of the templated mesostructure.
Imagining the Post-colonial Lawyer: Legal Elites and the Indian Nation-State, 1947–1967

A key feature of British rule in India was the formation of a class of elite metropolitan lawyers who had an outsized role within the legal profession and a prominent position in Indian politics. This paper analyzes the response of these legal elites to the shifting social and political terrain of post-colonial India, arguing that the advent of the Indian nation-state shaped the discursive strategies of elite lawyers in two crucial ways. First, in response to the slipping grasp of lawyers on Indian political life and increasing competition from developmentalist economics, the elite bar turned their attention towards the consolidation of a national professional identity, imagining an ‘Indian advocate’ as such, whose loyalty would ultimately lie with the nation-state. Second, the creation of the Supreme Court of India, the enactment of the Constitution of India, and the continuous swelling of the post-colonial regulatory welfare state partially reoriented the legal elite towards public law, particularly towards the burgeoning field of administrative law.
Affect and iconicity in phonological variation

The study of iconic properties of language has been marginalized in linguistics, with the assumption that iconicity, linked with expressivity, is external to the grammar. Yet iconicity plays an essential role in sociolinguistic variation. At a basic level, repetition and phonetic intensification can intensify the indexicality of variables. Iconicity plays a further role in variation in the form of sound symbolism, linking properties of sounds with attributes or objects. Production studies have shown some phonological variables exhibiting sound symbolism, particularly in the expression of affect. In some cases, the observation of sound symbolism has been largely interpretive. But in others, stylistic variability as a function of speaker affect has provided empirical evidence of iconicity. This article examines the role of iconicity and performativity in transcending the limits of reference, reviews iconicity in production studies, and provides experimental evidence that sound symbolism influences how listeners attribute affect to linguistic variation. (Variation, iconicity, affect)
Mice as experimental models for human physiology: when several degrees in housing temperature matter.

Some ‘species differences’ between mice and humans can be diminished simply by housing mice at warmer temperatures. Failure to strategically turn up the thermostat may undermine the translation of findings in mice to insights into human metabolic diseases.