cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of porosity on endothelialization of ePTFE implanted in subcutaneous and adipose tissue

Healing of biomaterial implants varies depending on the type and structure of material and the tissue surrounding the implant. In this study we examined structural differences of 30 microm, 60 microm, and 100 microm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) using scanning electron microscopy, and we also investigated differences in healing for these three different porosity ePTFE grafts implanted within subcutaneous tissue and adipose tissue. Scanning electron microscopic examination of 30 microm, 60 microm, and 100 microm ePTFE revealed structural differences and differences in fiber density within the internodal space. Circular patches (6 mm in diameter) of 30 microm ePTFE were implanted within subcutaneous tissue and epididymal fat pads of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 5 weeks, the implants were removed and analyzed for fibrous capsule formation, endothelialization, and for activated monocytes and macrophages in association with the material. Histological evaluation revealed dense fibrous capsule formation surrounding only the 30 microm ePTFE subcutaneous implants. From immunohistochemistry data obtained, we generated an Endothelialization Index (measure of neovascularization) and a Monocyte/Macrophage Index (measure of inflammatory response) for each sample. Consistently, 60 microm ePTFE had the greatest Endothelialization Index at both implant sites while 100 microm ePTFE generally had the largest values for the Monocyte/Macrophage Index. These data indicate that both the structure of the material and the site of implant influence the healing characteristics of ePTFE and suggest that activated monocytes and/or macrophages associated with the implant may inhibit endothelialization of ePTFE.
Applications of Microwave Accelerated Organic Chemistry

The use of microwave heating in organic synthesis is still in its infancy. The above transformations demonstrate that a large number of fundamental organic reactions can be achieved more rapidly and generally in higher yield using microwave heating than using conventional procedures. Not surprisingly, we expect this area to continue to be the focus of extensive activity.
Kinetic theory of hard spheres in infinite dimensions.

We show that the kinetic equation governing the one-particle distribution function of the hard-sphere fluid, as obtained from the binary-collision expansion, reduces to the modified Enskog equation in the limit of infinite number of space dimensions. The contribution of loop diagrams is exponentially small. The transport coefficients of the fluid are obtained.
Changes in orthodontic care patterns in a predoctoral children's dentistry clinic.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in orthodontic care patterns over a sixteen-year period in a university clinical setting. The average numbers of students, clinical procedures, and orthodontic appliances were examined from the time period 1988–2003. Appliance number and type were evaluated as a function of increased predoctoral and postdoctoral class sizes, student to faculty ratios, and decreased operating budgets for faculty recruitment. For the period 1988–98, the insertion of orthodontic appliances by dental students remained constant. A permanent increase in the predoctoral class size occurred in 1996 without an increase in faculty support, contributing to a decline in appliance insertions by students from 1999 to 2003. This time period also saw major increases in the postdoctoral class size and a reorganization of the clinical facility that then began to require the pairing of dental students to provide comprehensive care, thus decreasing their clinical exposure to the care of children. The overall clinical experience at the predoctoral level in orthodontic procedures declined, which resulted in a change in clinical requirements and new methods to ensure clinical competency.
Ozone–Silica Gel

[10028-15-6] O3 (MW 48.00) InChI = 1S/O3/c1-3-2 InChIKey = CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (powerful oxidizing agent; capable of oxidizing carbon–hydrogen bonds2 and a variety of electron-rich functional groups; provides a high effective concentration of ozone2a) Physical Data: ozone, mp −193 °C; bp −111.9 °C; d (0 °C, gas) 2.14 g L−1. Solubility: 4.5% ozone by weight is adsorbed on silica gel at −78 °C.2 Preparative Method: ozone is generated in the laboratory by passing dry air or oxygen through two electrodes connected to an alternating current source of several thousand volts. Silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh, available from several suppliers) usually is dried prior to use and is saturated with ozone at low temperature. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: ozone is irritating to all mucous membranes and is highly toxic in concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm by volume. It has a characteristic odor which can be detected at levels as low as 0.01 ppm. All operations with ozone should be carried out in an efficient fume hood and scrubbing systems employing thiosulfate solutions can be used to destroy excess ozone. Liquified ozone poses a severe explosion hazard.
Influence of Bilingualism on Memory Generalization during Infancy.

Very few studies have examined the cognitive advantages of bilingualism during the first two years of development, and a majority of the studies examining bilingualism throughout the lifespan have focused on the relationship between multiple languages and cognitive control. Early experience with multiple language systems may influence domain-general processes, such as memory, that may increase a bilingual child's capacity for learning. In the current study, we found that bilingual, but not monolingual, infants were able to generalize across cues at 18 months. This is the first study to show a clear bilingual advantage in memory generalization, with more equal or balanced exposure to each language significantly predicting ability to generalize.
Insights from mouse models into human retinoblastoma

Novel murine models of retinoblastoma based on Rb gene deletion in concert with inactivation of Rb family members have recently been developed. These new Rb knockout models of retinoblastoma provide excellent tools for pre-clinical studies and for the exploration of the genetics of tumorigenesis driven by RB inactivation. This review focuses on the developmental consequences of Rb deletion in the retina and the genetic interactions between Rb and the two other members of the pocket protein family, p107 (Rbl1) and p130 (Rbl2). There is increasing appreciation that homozygous RB mutations are insufficient for human retinoblastoma. Identifying and understanding secondary gene alterations that cooperate with RB inactivation in tumorigenesis may be facilitated by mouse models. Recent investigation of the p53 pathway in retinoblastoma, and evidence of spatial topology to early murine retinoblastoma are also discussed in this review.
In vitro evaluation of antibiotic elution from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and mechanical assessment of antibiotic-PMMA composites.

Objective— To determine whether different methods of sterilization of antibiotic vials or the heat of polymerization altered the antimicrobial activity or mechanical properties of antibiotic/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composites when compared to antibiotic-free PMMA. Study Design— In vitro study. Methods— Steam-sterilized, gas-sterilized, and non-sterilized 1 gram vials of cefazolin and injectable gentamicin sulfate (high and low doses) were mixed with PMMA to prepare composites for antibiotic elution evaluation, compression, and elongation testing. Blocks of PMMA that contained antibiotic were assayed for antibacterial activity using an agar gel diffusion method or were placed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to assess elution of antibiotic. Phosphate buffered saline samples from steam-sterilized cefazolin and high-dose gentamicin groups were assayed on days 1, 2, 5, and 9 for cefazolin or gentamicin concentration by high-pressure liquid chromatography or fluorescent polarization immunoassay, respectively. Results— Pmma blocks containing antibiotic inhibited bacterial growth of Staphylococus aureus 25923 for an average of 9 days. Cefazolin and gentamicin concentration in PBS decreased dramatically after the first 24 hours, but remained above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) throughout the experiment for all groups except low-dose gentamicin. Compressive strength of plugs made from plain cement and plugs made from PMMA mixed with untreated and steam-sterilized cefazolin was similar, but was significantly different from the other groups. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between compressive strength and elongation. Conclusion— PMMA/antibiotic composites inhibited bacterial growth for 7 to 10 days. Compressive strength was affected by different additions of antibiotic. Clinical Relevance— Bacteria introduced during a surgical procedure may be inhibited by elution of antibiotic from PMMA at the time of contamination.
Antibacterial activity of the marine sponge constituent cribrostatin 6

The antibacterial activity of the nitrogen heterocyclic sponge constituent cribrostatin 6 was examined. Cribrostatin 6 was bacteriostatic for a variety of Gram-positive species and was bactericidal for the majority of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains. Minimum bactericidal concentration/MIC ratios were ⩽2 for 75 % of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Kill-curve analysis confirmed the bactericidal action of cribrostatin 6. Bactericidal activity was rather slow, beginning at 2, 4 or 8 h, depending on the strain. The frequency of occurrence of bacterial spontaneous mutations to resistance was ⩽10−7. The maximum tolerated dose of cribrostatin 6 in mice was 750–1000 μg kg−1 day−1. Cribrostatin 6 is a promising lead antibiotic for Gram-positive bacteria, particularly S. pneumoniae, a leading cause of infection and mortality worldwide.
Implications of precision electroweak experiments for m t , ρ 0 , sin 2 θ W , and grand unification

The implications of precision $Z$-pole, $W$-mass, and weak-neutral-current data for SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) models are described. Within the minimal model one finds ${{sin}^{2}\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{W}({M}_{Z})=0.2334\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0008$ in the modified minimal subtraction scheme or ${{sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}\ensuremath{\equiv}1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{M}_{W}^{2}}{{M}_{Z}^{2}}=0.2291\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0034$ in the on-shell scheme, where the uncertainties include the ${m}_{t}$ and ${M}_{H}$ dependence. The top-quark mass is predicted to be ${124}_{\ensuremath{-}34\ensuremath{-}15}^{+28+20}$ GeV, where the second uncertainty is from ${M}_{H}$, with ${m}_{t}l174(182)$ GeV at 90 (95)% C.L. For the first time subleading effects and vertex corrections allow a significant separation of ${m}_{t}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ in models with a nonminimal Higgs structure. Allowing arbitrary ${m}_{t}$ and Higgs representations one obtains ${{sin}^{2}\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{W}({M}_{Z})=0.2333\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0008$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}=0.992\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011$, and ${m}_{t}l294(310)$ GeV. The implications of these results for ordinary and supersymmetric grand unified theories are considered. Supersymmetric theories with a grand desert between the supersymmetry and unification scales are in striking agreement with data for ${M}_{\mathrm{SUSY}}$ in the ${M}_{Z}\ensuremath{-}1$ TeV range. Ordinary grand unified theories breaking to the standard model in more than one step are also discussed.
Demagnetizing Factors for Various Geometries Precisely Determined Using 3-D Electromagnetic Field Simulation

Recent research results demonstrate that demagnetizing factors for various geometries can be precisely determined by employing 3-D electromagnetic field simulation. Using a technique developed by the authors, the demagnetizing factor resulting from the simulations match very well with experimental results for several series of samples with various geometries. The simulation technique developed by this project was also used for a spherical magnet using various field conditions, which has further proved the accuracy of this technique, whose results agree precisely with the theoretical analyses and mathematical calculation. Such simulation provides advantages over other methods including mathematical calculation and experimental measurement. Since any geometry with any dimensions can be simulated using the electromagnetic field simulation, the simulated results of “N” values can be stored in a data bank for any application using open-circuit measurements in the future.
Femtosecond periodic gain vertical-cavity lasers

A periodic gain structure is used as the gain medium in a mode-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser to decrease the effect of carrier diffusion. A laser pulse width of under 190 fs is directly generated from the laser cavity. >
Simulation of faceted film growth in three dimensions: microstructure, morphology and texture

A series of simulations of the growth of polycrystalline, faceted films from randomly oriented nuclei in two spatial dimensions was performed. The simulations track the motion of all corners where facets from the same grain and different grains meet. Results are presented on the temporal evolution of the mean grain size, grain size distribution, surface roughness, crystallographic texture and growth zones as a function of α, a parameter describing the relative facet velocities. The mean grain size and r.m.s. surface roughness are shown to be a parabolic function of the film thickness, in agreement with experiment and theoretical results. The grain size distribution is temporally self-similar when scaled by the mean grain size and has the form of a gamma distribution. The crystallographic orientation distribution (i.e. texture) is Gaussian, peaks at an α-dependent orientation and the peak sharpens during film growth. The peak position is well described by the largest radius vector of the appropriate idiomorph in two and three dimensions. The grain size, roughness and texture evolution are intimately linked. This type of simulation may be used to examine the evolution of the microstructure of any film which exhibits faceted growth with prescribed facet velocities.
Pill Burden in Low-Income Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes

Background: While pill burden can harm or overwhelm patients, very little is known about pill burden in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Objective: To determine the pill burden level in low-income patients with metabolic syndrome who were enrolled in a diabetes study that was trying to achieve recommended targets of therapy. Methods: A prospective chart review was performed on 145 patients enrolled in a diabetes study at Siouxland Community Health Center. Patients were considered to have metabolic syndrome if they had 3 or more of the following clinical risk factors: (1) type 2 diabetes mellitus; (2) dyslipidemia (triglycerides >150 mg/dL or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 130/80 mm Hg or receiving antihypertensive medication); and (4) obesity (body mass index >30 kg / m 2 ). Pill burden was defined as the average number of prescribed administrations per day. Inhalers, ophthalmics, and glucose meters were counted by number of puffs, drops, or finger sticks per day. Average hemoglobin A 1C (A1C) level was collected at baseline and at 12 months. Results: The results showed that 85.5% of patients in the diabetes study were classified as having metabolic syndrome. The total number of administrations per day was analyzed for 124 eligible patients. Patients had an average baseline pill burden of 8.5 and A1C of 8.6%. After being enrolled in the study for 12 months, patients' average pill burden endpoint increased to 13.1 and A1C was reduced to 7.0%. At the end of the study, 37.9% of patients were prescribed dual therapy for glucose control: 79% on antihypertensives, 70% on lipid-lowering agents, and 65% taking aspirin. Conclusions: Diabetes patients with metabolic syndrome are prescribed multiple drug therapies to control diabetes and other metabolic abnormalities. In this study, we concluded that the average pill burden was 13.1 in patients with glucose-controlled diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
An Anisotropic Minijets Model for the GRB Prompt Emission

In order to explain rapid light curve variability without invoking a variable source, several authors have proposed "minijets" that move relativistically relative to the main flow of the jet. Here we consider the possibility that these minijets, instead of being isotropically distributed in the comoving frame of the jet, form primarily perpendicular to the direction of the flow, as the jet dissipates its energy at a large emission radius. This yields two robust features. First, the emission is significantly delayed compared with the isotropic case. This delay allows for the peak of the afterglow emission to appear while the source is still active, in contrast to the simplest isotropic model. Secondly, the flux decline after the source turns off is steeper than the isotropic case. We find that these two features are realized in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs): 1. The peak of most GeV light curves (ascribed to the external shock) appears during the prompt emission phase. 2. Many X-ray light curves exhibit a period of steep decay, which is faster than that predicted by the standard isotropic case. The gamma-ray generation mechanism in GRBs, and possibly in other relativistic flows, may therefore be anisotropic.
Impact of sacrificial layer type on thin-film metal residual stress

In this paper we study the impact of two sacrificial layers on the final residual stress of thin gold films. In particular, we comapre a typical photoresist layer (Shipley SC1827) to single-crystalline silicon. We fabricate and measure cantilever beams on both sacrificial layers and study their residual stresses by analyzing the final displacement profile of the released beams. All samples were fabricated at the same time and under identical conditions. The study clearly shows that the induced stress on thin films is dependent on the sacrificial layer. The gold film deposited over the single-crystalline silicon shows nearly zero gradient stress after release. On the other hand, gradient stress dominates the gold film deposited during the same run but over a photoresist layer. Such results are very useful in designing and fabricating a wide variety of low-stress actuators and sensors.
Testimony of Alex Skibine on Carcieri Fix Legislation

This paper edorses legislation which would remove impediments to the Secretary of the Interior's decision to take into trust for the benefit of Indian tribes as a result of the Supreme Court decision in Carcieri v. Salazar. The paper also puts forth argument why such legislation is necessary.
The Impact Of Options Listing Upon The Optimistic Bias In Analysts Quarterly Earnings Forecasts

We provide evidence that firms options listing increases the divergence of analysts opinions and, at the same time, leads to a reduction in the systematic optimistic bias in an important element of the market expectation of earnings, analysts consensus earnings forecasts. Our contribution is added insight into how the increased divergence of analysts opinions following options listing drives a reduction of systematic optimistic bias in consensus analysts forecasts.
Site distribution of carcinoma of the large intestine. Retrospective study of 600 cases.

The site distribution of large-bowel adenocarcinomas was studied in a retrospective study compromising 600 patients. These patients were divided into two groups according to the year of their operation; group A included patients operated upon between 1978 and 1982, and group B patients were operated upon between 1983 and 1987. Comparing these two five-year periods, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of right colon tumors was noted (P<0.05). There was no difference in the distribution pattern of the carcinomas according to sex or age between the two groups (P<0.1). The shift to the right of large-bowel neoplasms may indicate the need for an alteration of the diagnostic procedures concerning this disease, with more emphasis given to total colonoscopy and or double-contrast barium enema.
Area Studies Library Organizations and Multi-Disciplinary Collection and Research: The Latin American Experience

National and international library organizations are important in the academic community because they provide a venue for discussing new methods and ideas that improve the ability of their members to function in their jobs. They also support practical projects that cannot be done at the local level but require the coordination and activities of several libraries or organizations. This paper describes three projects of the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials (SALALM), an area studies library organization that resulted in benefits important to Latin American library collections in the United States. In particular, this paper discusses the role and importance of professional organizations in the success of the Latin American Cooperative Acquisitions Program (LACAP), the Latin American Microform Project (LAMP), and the Hispanic American Periodical Index (HAPI).
Response of Cotton to Damage by Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Changes in Fruit Distribution

In 1987 and 1989, cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants at different developmental stages were artificially infested with five neonate tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae per plant. The position of each open boll on the plant was recorded at harvest. Infestations, regardless of the developmental stage of the plant, reduced boll numbers at the first fruiting position on the branch. Boll distributions at position 1 on plants infested at the 5th-node stage of growth were similar to plants infested at the 15th-node stage. However, plants infested at the 15th-node stage set a greater number of bolls at position 2 than plants infested at the 5th-node stage. Only plants infested at the 5th-node stage had fewer total bolls than the control. DES-119, an earlymaturing cotton, produced more bolls at positions 1 and 2 on the lower nodes than ST-825 when plants were infested at the 7th-node stage of growth. When plants were infested at the 12th-node stage, DES-119 produced more bolls at position 1 on the lower nodes, whereas ST-825 produced more on the upper nodes. There was no varietal difference in boll production at position 2 of plants infested at the 12th-node stage.
Mixed H2/H-infinity gain scheduling control of aircraft

The formulations of mixed H2 IH^ gain scheduling control of aircraft in the longitudinal motion are developed in this paper. The coefficients of a linear model of aircraft are estimated based on the geometry of the wing and horizontal tail. Based on Mach numbers of the aircraft, gain scheduling is applied with the mixed H2 I H«,. It is shown that the state equation of aircraft can mathematically be simplified to the standard mixed H2 1 Hm problem. The advantage of decoulping the aircraft system based on phugoid (slow) and short period (fast) modes is to allow the slow model with its disturbance to be controlled by the H2 method, while the fast system with the fast disturbance to be stabilized by the 7fM technique. A comparison of this method with the standard ffa control is made using aircraft coefficients derived for a large commercial airplane [1]. It is shown that the current method will provide a better performance for the aircraft while the condition on the disturbance attenuation is also satisfied. In addition, the real model controlled by the estimated controller and by the real controller is also discussed. It is shown that the estimated controller performs as well as the controller derived from the actual model.
The Identification of Haemonchus Species and Diagnosis of Haemonchosis.

Abstract Diagnosis is often equated with identification or detection when discussing parasitic diseases. Unfortunately, these are not necessarily mutually exclusive activities; diseases and infections are generally diagnosed and organisms are identified. Diagnosis is commonly predicated upon some clinical signs; in an effort to determine the causative agent, identification of genera and species is subsequently performed. Both identification and diagnosis play critical roles in managing an infection, and involve the interplay of direct and indirect methods of detection, particularly in light of the complex and expanding problem of drug-resistance in parasites. Accurate and authoritative identification that is cost- and time-effective, based on structural and molecular attributes of specimens, provides a foundation for defining parasite diversity and changing patterns of geographical distribution, host association and emergence of disease. Most techniques developed thus far have been grounded in assumptions based on strict host associations between Haemonchus contortus and small ruminants, that is, sheep and goats, and between Haemonchus placei and bovids. Current research and increasing empirical evidence of natural infections in the field demonstrates that this assumption misrepresents the host associations for these species of Haemonchus. Furthermore, the capacity of H. contortus to utilize a considerably broad spectrum of ungulate hosts is reflected in our understanding of the role of anthropogenic forcing, the ‘breakdown’ of ecological isolation, global introduction and host switching as determinants of distribution. Nuanced insights about distribution, host association and epidemiology have emerged over the past 30 years, coincidently with the development of increasingly robust means for parasite identification. In this review and for the sake of argument, we would like to delineate the diagnosis of haemonchosis from the identification of the specific pathogen. As a foundation for exploring host and parasite biology, we will examine the evolution of methods for distinguishing H. contortus from other common gastrointestinal nematodes of agriculturally significant and free-ranging wild ruminants using morphological, molecular and/or immunological methods for studies at the species and genus levels.
Expression of neucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV in E.coli and the development of indirect ELISA with recombinant protein

To investigate the immunoreactivity of the recombinant proteins encoded by fragments of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) gene and explore the significance of proteins in detection for anti-SARA antibodies, genes encoding N protein of SARS-CoV were obtained by RT-PCR and cloned into expression vector PET32a(+). The recombinant plasmid were over-expressed in E.coli as inclusion body with molecular weight of 66 kD specifically reacting with sera of SARS patients as demonstrated by Western blot and ELISA. The results of animal experiment showed that the fusion protein purified by SDS-PAGE could stimulate rabbits to produce antibody. The serum levels of IgG antibodies to N antigen were measured in 36 healthy blood donors and SARS patients at different time of acute and convalescent phases using indirect ELISA with N fusion proteins of SARS-CoV. The IgG positive critical value of 0.083 were selected as the threshold value for positive results that equaling to the product of 2.1 and the mean IgG levels of 36 healthy blood donors. In patients with SARS from Ditan and Youan Hospital, the IgG seroprotection rates were 100 % and 95.8 % respectively in the first 10 days after onset of symptoms, both reaching 100 % at the third week. The antigens derived from SARS-CoV N regions should be applied in V diagnostic test to detect anti-SARS-CoV antibodies.
Relationship of mitochondrial membrane potential to hemoglobin synthesis during Friend cell maturation

Previous studies have shown that exposure to imidazole dissociates hemoglobin synthesis from other aspects of cell maturation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-treated mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In the present study, we have found that imidazole causes hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in MEL cells exposed to DMSO, in contrast to the depolarization observed with DMSO alone. Like the defect in hemoglobin synthesis, membrane hyperpolarization is reversible upon removal of imidazole and incubation of cells with DMSO alone. These correlations suggest that alterations in the electrostatic properties of the mitochondrial membrane, due directly or indirectly to the effects of imidazole, interfere with heme synthesis but not with other aspects of the maturation process in these developing erythroid cells.
Arthrography of the wrist and shoulder.

SUMMARY Arthrography of the shoulder is an important and accepted technique in the evaluation of shoulder pain. The radiographic findings can often be directly translated into treatment considerations. The role of wrist arthrography is controversial. The radiographic findings are less specific and therefore require more individual interpretation. In our experience, the wrist arthrogram represents a useful adjunctive procedure in the evaluation of unexplained wrist pain.
High-frequency vibration energy harvesting from repeated impulsive forcing utilizing intentional dynamic instability caused by strong nonlinearity:

The work in this study explores the excitation of high-frequency dynamic instabilities to enhance the performance of a strongly nonlinear vibration-based energy harvesting system subject to repeated impulsive excitations. These high-fraequency instabilities arise from transient resonance captures (TRCs) in the damped dynamics of the system, leading to large-amplitude oscillations in the mechanical system. Under proper forcing conditions, these high-frequency instabilities can be sustained. The primary system is composed of a grounded, weakly damped linear oscillator, which is directly subjected to impulsive forcing. A light-weight, damped nonlinear oscillator (nonlinear energy sink, NES) is coupled to the primary system using electromechanical coupling elements and strongly nonlinear stiffness elements. The essential (nonlinearizable) stiffness nonlinearity arises from geometric and kinematic effects resulting from the traverse deflection of a piano wire coupling the two oscillators. The electromechanical...
The Iowa Food Policy Council: A case study

While legislative and administrative decisions are made by government entities, food policy councils (FPCs) will often recommend and implement food policy decisions at the local and regional levels. When created, the Iowa Food Policy Council (IFPC) became the second state-wide FPC in existence. With Iowa being a leader in the production of corn, soybeans and pork for domestic consumption and export, the state’s importance in the national-as well global-food production system cannot be underestimated (U.S. Department of Agriculture 2007). The Iowa Food Policy Council offered a voice for smallscale producers, food justice advocates, and others who represented an alternative to the typical commodity-dominated agricultural interests of Iowa. Through a single-case study methodology using in-depth interviews and content analysis, this analysis examines the challenges and opportunities experienced by the IFPC from its beginning to its collapse. The results of this research demonstrate the significance of establishing a legacy of convening that may continue without a formal structure. This research also questions why stakeholders become involved and, just as importantly, why they stay involved. Existing FPC literature does not include a single-case study methodology; this analysis will provide a foundation for future FPC research.
Small Intestine and Colon Complications in Patients with Diabetes

Although gastrointestinal problems are extremely common in the general population, the incidence of certain gastrointestinal conditions such as diarrhea, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, constipation, and fecal incontinence is more common in diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic neuropathy plays a central role in their pathogenesis. Limited familiarity with these conditions associated with DM leads to delay in their recognition and appropriate management. In this chapter, the effects of DM on the small and large intestine, as well as the associated gastrointestinal problems, are discussed.
Preliminary investigation for the development of surrogate debris from nuclear detonations in marine-urban environments

Since no nuclear weapon surface detonations have occurred in urban harbor environments, the nuclear forensic community has no actual debris from which to develop and validate analytical methods for radiochemistry analysis, making the development of surrogate debris representative of this a marine-urban detonation a vital undertaking. This work seeks to build a robust model that accounts for natural and manmade environmental variations in harbor environments and vessel compositions to statistically define the elemental composition of vaporized debris from a marine-urban nuclear detonation. This initial work is necessary for follow-on neutron-activation and debris formation analysis.
Financiación del Patrimonio Cultural de Italia

Con cincuenta sitios declarados Patrimonio de la Humanidad, Italia es fiscalmente responsable de mas sitios declarados Patrimonio de la Humanidad que cualquier otro pais en el mundo. El pais ha experimentado muchos anos de incertidumbre economica, y la necesidad de mantenimiento de los sitios patrimoniales continua. En los ultimos anos se han utilizado estrategias de financiacion unicas, como estructuras de tarifas, incentivos fiscales y asociaciones publico-privadas, para contrarrestar el deterioro del presupuesto cultural y apoyar los bienes arquitectonicos de Italia. A traves de casos de estudio italianos catalogados como Patrimonio de la Humanidad, la investigacion llevada a cabo en este articulo examina las formas en que el pais ha equilibrado esta responsabilidad monetaria a traves de estas estrategias. Estos proyectos estan en curso y en constante cambio, por lo que son particularmente relevantes para explorar los casos mas actuales. Este trabajo da como resultado una recomendacion de como financiar sitios menos conocidos y como los instrumentos de financiacion utilizados en Italia pueden aplicarse en otros lugares.
Experimental evaluation of cooperative adaptive cruise control with autonomous mobile robots

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is made possible with connected vehicles to achieve tight vehicle following. Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication can provide information that is not present using available in-vehicle sensors and can aid the development of better control strategies for following. Current theoretical and experimental studies have shown that CACC systems reduce the inter-vehicle headway as compared to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems while guaranteeing string stability, i.e., gap-keeping error doesn't propagate throughout the platoon. This paper focuses on implementation of a CACC system on unmanned ground robots. The step response for the transfer function of the CACC system equals a step input and thus demands zero rise time. Our robot platooning experiment results have demonstrated the advantages of CACC over ACC in maintaining a small inter-vehicle headway.
Bridging the Gap in IMC Education: Where is the Academy Falling Short?:

Integrated marketing communications isn't new, but it's gaining momentum as power shifts from the marketer to the consumer and as marketers recognize the power and efficiency of taking a holistic a...
Discourse as a knowledge resource for sentence disambiguation

A consistent text contains rich resources of information such as collocation patterns that can be used to resolve ambiguities within its sentences For example attachment ambiguities in a sentence can be resolved by selecting a candidate attachment that matches attachments found in other sentences in the same discourse Thus, discourse can be regarded as a valuable knowledge resource for sentence analysis In this paper, we examine some features of discourse as a knowledge resource and propose a framework for natural language processing that provides a simple algorithm for using information extracted from discourse together with information stored in knowledge bases The experimental results of using our framework to disambiguate sentences in technical documents offer good prospects for improving the accuracy of a broad coverage natural language processing system that handles various texts without constructing knowledge bases for each text in advance Some noteworthy features of discourse information are also deduced from the results of our experiments.
Application of PIV to AC Electrokinetic Flow

An ac electric field is applied to induce particle and fluid motion in a wedgeshaped microchannel. Micron-Resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (μ-PIV) is used to determine spatially resolved particle velocity and fluid velocity fields. Under steady state conditions, the particles experience a balance between dielectrophoretic forces induced by the non-uniform electric field and Stokes’ drag forces due to viscous interactions with the fluid. The particle velocity is therefore different from the fluid velocity because of dielectrophoresis. A technique is developed, Two-Color μ-PIV, to determine uniquely the fluid velocity from observation of particle s without a priori knowledge of the electrical properties.
Integrity of a Single Superior Border Plate Repair in Mandibular Angle Fracture: A Novel Cadaveric Human Mandible Model

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the integrity of human mandibular angle fracture after fixation with a single titanium plate along the upper lateral border with that of the native human mandible. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional anatomic study involved the left hemimandibles of 16 human cadavers. They were selected and divided in 2 groups by remaining dental status. Additional predictor variables, such as height of the left mandibular body and gender, were noted. Left hemisected native mandibles were mounted at the condyle and loaded on an Instron 5565 mechanical unit (Instron Corp, Norwood, MA) until fracture. Fractured left hemimandibles were fixated with a titanium miniplate and screws. After plate fixation, each hemimandible was reloaded on an Instron 5565 until fracture. Data pertaining to primary outcomes of load application were recorded in newtons at displacement values of 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 mm and at displacement at fixation failure. Primary outcomes of maximum load and displacement at maximum load were recorded in newtons and millimeters, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sample characteristics. Statistical comparisons were performed using t test, χ2 (or Fisher exact) test, and linear regression. Pearson correlation was used to examine relations between select biomechanical measurements. Results The study sample was composed of 12 female and 4 male cadaveric hemimandibles. Donors' age at time of death ranged from 54 to 95 years (mean age, 78.94 yr). The mean maximum load in native and plated hemimandibles was 943.56 and 292.57 N, respectively (P Conclusion Key clinical findings of this study include the inability of single plate mandible fixation to restore the mandible to preinjury levels and verification that gender, dental status, and height of the mandible do not alter the stability of a single plate fixated mandible.
Is Targeting the Folate Receptor in Ovarian Cancer Coming of Age

Prognosis for women with epithelial ovarian cancer remains poor. One new molecular target in epithelial ovarian cancer is folate receptor alpha (FRα). This commentary discusses the characteristics that contribute to its attractiveness as a candidate for therapeutic intervention.
The role of memory strength and task orientation in memory conformity

Memory conformity occurs when one's memory reports are influenced by the memories of others. These experiments tested whether the conformity effect would be moderated by memory strength and task orientation. In Experiments 1 and 3 we manipulated levels of processing to test whether conformity effects are greater when memory is poor relative to when it is good. In Experiment 2 we tested the role of participants' orientation to the test, as either a test-taker or a grader, as well as the effects of levels of processing. Conformity effects were found in all experiments, but were not eliminated when memory was strong. Conformity was influenced by the participant's task orientation, with a smaller effect for graders than test-takers. These data indicate that strong memory will not always buffer the conformity effect, but a relatively simple role change can moderate the effect.
A digital oncology patient-reported outcomes platform: Building innovative electronic patient symptom assessments in epic mychart to improve the quality of life and survival of patients with advanced cancer.

e18312Background: Establishing a system to monitor patient reported outcomes (“PRO”) has been demonstrated to be essential for a well-functioning cancer system. Studies have shown that routine coll...
Abstract 1783: A combination therapy of atypical protein kinase inhibitor and phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase inhibitor reduces multidrug resistance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer (85%) of which 75% of the cases involve conventional clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Choice of treatments recommended for clear cell carcinoma and non-clear cell carcinoma are partial nephroctomy (Stage I), radical nephoroctomy (Stage II and III) and chemotherapy (stage IV). Phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitors are one of the most prospective candidate in the therapy of ccRCC as the PI3CA gene for p110α (a class of the catalytic sub unit of PI3K) is mutated in most of the cases. Hence, PI3K inhibitors like Alpelisib (BYL 719) can be a treatment. But current therapeutic prospects are limited to the fact that RCC is a chemotherapy-resistant cancer type that acts as a barrier for successful treatment with this inhibitor. In addition, of all the other aPKCs, PKC ί/λ and PKC ζ are reported to be frequently overexpressed in most cancer cells and to have different significant roles in tumor progression and carcinogenesis of different type of cancers. Caki-1 metastatic clear cells were treated with PKC ζ inhibitor [8-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid] or ζ-stat, Alpelisib and combination of both ζ-stat and Alpelisib at different doses. The results of WST-1 shows that the combination of ζ-stat (7.5 µM) and Alpelisib (10.0 µM) has the most cytotoxicity compared to the single therapy of Alpelisib. Annexin-V/PI assay also suggested that the combination therapy caused greater percentage of apoptosis and cell death compared to the single therapy of Alpelisib. The efflux proteins, (p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), are responsible for developing cell resistance in Caki-1 cells had reduced expression in the cells when treated with the combination treatment of Alpelisib and ζ-stat. Therefore, combination therapy of Alpelisib and an aPKC inhibitor for metastatic ccRCC can reduce expression of multi drug resistance (MDR) proteins/efflux transporter P-gp and ABCG2. Hence, this combination may be a possible treatment that might help eradicating MDR of ccRCC. Thus, a combination of Alpelisib and an aPKC inhibitor can be a two pronged approach reducing the cell proliferation and resistance. Citation Format: Khandker Mohammad Khalid. A combination therapy of atypical protein kinase inhibitor and phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase inhibitor reduces multidrug resistance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1783.
An Autonomous Exoskeleton for Ankle Plantarflexion Assistance

Lower-limb exoskeletons are of great interest in the robotics community because of their various applications in enhancement and rehabilitation. In this paper we present an autonomous exoskeleton platform for ankle plantarflexion assistance. The untethered exoskeleton has a high efficiency transmission system with reduction ratio of 27.4:1. This allows relocating the actuator to the wearer’s hip, which reduces device inertia. A feed-forward controller based on field oriented control was implemented to control the brushless DC motor on the exoskeleton. Through various performance tests, the exoskeleton was shown to provide a torque control bandwidth of 17.5Hz and can effectively track biological torque profiles. The augmentation factor (AF) of the exoskeleton is 64.7W, implying potential to reduce walking metabolic cost. This exoskeleton establishes an autonomous platform for experiments involving ankle assistance.
Characterizing Reactance in Communication Research: A Review of Conceptual and Operational Approaches:

Psychological reactance, or simply reactance, has become a major concept of interest in communication research. Although this spike in scholarly attention has greatly advanced our understanding of ...
The Future of Reef Ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico: Insights From Coupled Climate Model Simulations and Ancient Hot-House Reefs

Shallow water coral reefs and deep sea coral communities are sensitive to current and future environmental stresses, such as changes in sea surface temperatures (SST), salinity, carbonate chemistry, and acidity. Over the last half-century, some reef communities have been disappearing at an alarming pace. This study focuses on the Gulf of Mexico, where the majority of shallow coral reefs are reported to be in poor or fair condition. We analyze the RCP8.5 ensemble of the Community Earth System Model v1.2 to identify monthly-to-decadal trends in mean Gulf of Mexico SST. Secondly, we examine projected changes in ocean pH, carbonate saturation state, and salinity in the same coupled model simulations. We find that the joint impacts of predicted higher temperatures and changes in ocean acidification will severely degrade Gulf of Mexico reef systems by the end of the 21st century. SSTs are likely to warm by 2.5 to 3C; while corals do show signs of an ability to evolve toward higher temperatures, current coral species and reef systems are likely to suffer major bleaching events in coming years. We contextualize future changes with ancient reefs from paleoclimate analogues, periods of Earth's past that were also exceptionally warm, specifically rapid ``hyperthermal" events. Ancient analogue events are often associated with extinctions, reef collapse, and significant ecological changes, yet reef communities managed to survive these events on evolutionary timescales. Finally, we review research which discusses the adaptive potential of the Gulf of Mexico's coral reefs, meccas of biodiversity and oceanic health. We assert that the only guaranteed solution for long-term conservation and recovery is substantial, rapid reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.