cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autocoding control software with proofs I: Annotation translation

In an effort to meet the reliability standards that control systems operating in safety-critical roles require, we have started laying the foundation for a tool-set that migrates control theory properties and proofs into the software implementation of those control systems designs. By using this tool the engineer can provide a more rigorous guarantee of the quality of the software and initiate the formal verification process. The tool focuses on control software in order to leverage the domain knowledge from existing mathematical techniques for the analysis and synthesis of control systems. As a first step in the development of the tool-set, we have created a prototype of a Scilab to C translator with proof annotation support. Though limited in its current functionalities, the development of this prototype allowed us to identify the key issues which will be used to further refine the translator. This paper describes the prototype and the further improvements planned for the translator.
A theoretical and experimental study of the percussive drilling of rock Part IV—application of the model to actual percussion drilling

Abstract A series of full-time drilling tests was made using three different percussive machines. Blow energy, blow frequency, rotational speed (rpm), thrust, penetration rate, and the impact-produced strain waves were measured. Energy transfer to the rock, as determined from the analysis presented in Part I, was found to vary by as much as 15 per cent between individual force-penetration curves. The experimentally observed maximum energy transfer, of approximately 80 per cent of the impact energy, agreed closely with values predicted theoretically. The observed penetration rates were within 15 per cent of those predicted. The minimum thrust required for optimum energy transfer to the rock was shown to be a function of the blow frequency and the initial and rebound momentum of the piston, the latter depending on the incident waveform and the force-penetration curve. The predicted thrust values agreed closely with those actually required. Application of the theory to drilling system design is discussed.
On Husserl and Cavellian Scepticism

In the early parts of The Claim of Reason, Stanley Cavell develops an account of scepticism based on his distinction between specific and generic objects. Because there are no (‘Austinian’) criteria for generic objects, it seems that we cannot know them; and the sceptic argues that this kind of knowledge is a ‘best case’, so that failure here indicates the impossibility of knowledge in general. I show that, in Husserl's Ideen I, the transcendental ego is the cause of being of all objects qua generic, or, in other words, that we know generic objects in the manner of an intellectus archetypus. Hence Husserl has a kind of refutation of the Cavellian sceptic, albeit perhaps at a very high price.
The Function of the Small Insertion in the Hinge Subdomain in the Control of Constitutive Mammalian Nitric-oxide Synthases

Control of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the constitutive nitric-oxide synthases (NOS) by calcium/calmodulin is exerted through the regulation of electron transfer from NADPH through the reductase domains. This process has been shown previously to involve the calmodulin binding site, the autoinhibitory insertion in the FMN binding domain, and the C-terminal tail. Smaller sequence elements also appear to correlate with control. Although some of these elements appear well positioned to function in control, they are poorly conserved; their role in control is neither well established nor defined by available information. In this study mutations have been induced in the small insertion of the hinge subdomain, which has been shown recently to form a β hairpin in structural studies of the neuronal NOS reductase domains adjacent to the calmodulin site and the autoinhibitory element. Modification of the small insertion in neuronal NOS tends to increase cytochrome c reduction but not NO synthetic activity; some modifications or deletions in the corresponding region in endothelial NOS modestly increase activity under some conditions. Unexpectedly, some minor changes in the sequence introduce a loss in the content of heme relative to flavin cofactors. Taken together, these results suggest that the small insertion protects the calmodulin binding site and that it may be a modulator of NOS activity.
Measuring Gender Egalitarianism : The Attitudinal Difference Between Men and Women

Gender egalitarianism is often used in research on women's status, but research has yet to develop a comprehensive measure of this variable for a large number of countries. Moreover, current studies neglect to examine the difference between men's and women's attitudes toward gender equality. This article aims to overcome these shortcomings. Applying factor analysis to the World Values Survey data, I create a composite index of gender egalitarianism for Western and non-Western countries. I begin with an extended model for a limited number of countries (n = 38) and predict the value of this index for all countries for which data are available (n = 67). This new index can be used in further research on the causes and effects of gender egalitarianism in a more diverse set of countries than previously available; it is sound methodologically. Substantively, this article contributes to the discussion on the difference between men's and women's gender egalitarian attitudes. Specifically, the results show that in ...
Decentralization of Atlanta’s Convention Business

Urban scholars have long noted the importance of the convention business in the economic development of the downtown areas in U.S. cities. This article examines the decentralization of the convention business to Atlanta’s suburbs since 1980. The process of decentralization has resulted in a competition for meetings that pits one suburban convention submarket against another and against downtown in a multicentered metropolitan region. The spread of Atlanta’s convention business to the suburbs has implications for both scholars and practitioners.
High-Pressure Effects on the Superconducting Transition Temperature of Aluminum

The superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of aluminum has been measured as a function of pressure to 62 kbar, at which point ${T}_{c}$ was reduced to 0.075 K from its zero pressure value of 1.18 K. These data cover ranges of temperature and pressure which allow differentiation between theoretical and empirical predictions. The data clearly obey the empirical relation of Smith and Chu and suggest a new volume dependence for the electron-phonon interaction.
Methods of deconditioning persisting avoidance: Drugs as adjuncts to response prevention

Rats were trained, across 3 daily sessions, to avoid intense footshock in an automated one-way avoidance box. Subsequent to training and termination of footshock, groups of rats received different treatments, and all were tested for persistence of avoidance 3 days later. One group’s treatment was only handling, a no-treatment group. All other groups were given response prevention, i.e., 10 min on the previously shocking grid without the opportunity to avoid. Groups of rats experienced response prevention under the influence of saline or doses of drugs: meprobamate, meprobamate in conjunction with atropine, atropine alone, atropine methyl nitrate, physostigmine, ethanol, morphine sulfate, amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, and chlorpromazine. Only atropine led to reliably less persisting avoidance than response prevention controls, whereas doses of chlordiazepoxide led to more persisting avoidance. These data provide little support for the idea that widely used “psychotropic” drugs are effective in aiding the reduction of anxiety-fear-avoidance when postdrug behavior is the criterion for a drug’s effectiveness.
CONSEQUENCES OF NECTAR ROBBING FOR REALIZED MALE FUNCTION IN A HUMMINGBIRD-POLLINATED PLANT

The effects of nectar robbers on plants and their mutualistic pollinators are poorly understood due, in part, to the paucity of studies examining male reproductive success in nectar-robbed plants. Here we measured the effects of a nectar-robbing bumblebee, Bombus occidentalis, on realized male reproductive success (seeds sired) in a hummingbird-pollinated plant, Ipomopsis aggregata. To determine the effects of nectar robbing on paternity, we used a series of experimental populations of plants containing a known allozyme marker. In each population, we experimentally controlled the levels of nectar robbing on each I. aggregata plant by cutting a hole in the corolla with dissecting scissors and removing nectar with a micro-capillary tube. We measured hummingbird-pollinator foraging behavior and fruit and seed production (maternal function) for each plant. We then genotyped seeds for the allozyme marker to determine the number of seeds sired by plants with known levels of robbing. Heavy nectar robbing (> 80% of flowers robbed) significantly reduced the number of seeds sired, as well as the number of seeds produced due to pollinator avoidance of heavily robbed plants. Total plant reproduction, both male and female contributions, were reduced by 50% due to high levels of robbing. To date, no other studies have measured the effects of nectar robbing on realized male function (number of seeds sired). Ours is the first study to demonstrate that robbing can simultaneously decrease realized male reproductive success as well as female reproductive success, and that the effects are incurred indirectly through pollinator avoidance of robbed plants.
A cell proliferation assay for small fish and aquatic invertebrates using bath exposure to bromodeoxyuridine

Abstract A method is described for bath-labeling small fish, bivalves and crustacea with thymidine analogs to quantify cell proliferation. Medaka ( Oryzias latipes ), clams ( Mya arenaria ) and copepods ( Pseudodiaptomus coronatus ) were exposed to waterborne bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 30 mg/l) and fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU, 3 mg/l). A simple spectrophotometric method was developed to monitor uridine uptake from the water by animals. BrdU incorporation into nuclei was detected immunohistochemically, allowing estimation of a proliferation index for different organs and cell types. Bath exposure to BrdU will be useful in study of the response of organisms to chemicals such as epigenetic carcinogens that alter rates of cell proliferation especially in organs with a normally low turnover rate, such as the liver. The procedures may also be applied as an assay for growth, in so far as cell division is central to organism growth.
A Rapid FTIR Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Caffeine in Soft Drinks and Total Methylxanthines in Tea and Coffee

ABSTRACT: A rapid Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method was developed to estimate caffeine in a variety of soft drinks and total methylxanthine content in tea and coffee using a single calibration model. FTIR spectrum of pure caffeine was characterized, and the 2 spectral regions of 1500 to 1800 cm-1 and 2800 to 3000 cm-1 were used for quantitative estimation using Partial least square (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR). FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics using the PLS-First derivative spectra could predict the caffeine content accurately up to an R2 value greater than 0.99 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of less than 3.2 with 5 factors in the model.
Phase operators and phase relations for photon states

For a quantized mode of the radiation field, the operator whose classical analog is the ordinary phase factor of the mode amplitudes has been shown to be nonunitary. A rigorous formulation of the phase P is given on the basis of the canonical factorization theorem. Many of the seemingly complex features of phase operators are found to be simple direct consequences of the general mathematical theory. It can be readily seen that P is a partial isometry but not a unitary operator. In contrast to the amplitude operator, it is found that P is not a spectral operator and that the set of phase eigenstates is not complete. Mathematically precise operator relations are developed, and a complete spectral analysis is given for each of the phase operators.-
Ethnoracial Gap in Clinical Practice with Latinos

People of color drop out of mental health treatment after the first session significantly more often than others. Social workers unfamiliar with the importance of race and ethnicity in the lives of Latinos can contribute to an ethnoracial gap in clinical practice. Implicit racial bias is presented as a key element contributing to the gap. The origin of phenotypes in Mexico and Puerto Rico prepared Latinos to cope with discrimination and colorism in United States. The influence of skin color on life chances, the acculturation–assimilation process, and psychological well-being are analyzed to identify problems in social adaptation and integration into American society. The critical incident interview is introduced to aid clinicians to assess key events in client’s experience with race and ethnicity. Examples of critical incidents are provided. The author offers training goals to reduce practitioners’ implicit racial bias and improve their estimates of phenotype. Five recommendation are made to improve practice with Latinos concerning psychosocial problems related to phenotype.
Liquid–liquid equilibria and partitioning in organic–aqueous systems

Abstract Liquid–liquid equilibria at ambient temperature and pressure were measured for four ternary systems: n-hexane + THF + water, n-hexane + acetonitrile + water, n-hexane + 1,4-dioxane + water, and ethyl ether + 1,4-dioxane + water. Partitioning of 1-octene and 1-nonanal in these systems was also measured. The results were modeled with the UNIQUAC and NRTL gE models. The experiments showed an aqueous phase in the n-hexane–THF–water system that was 90% water on average, and an organic n-hexane phase in the n-hexane–acetonitrile–water system that was 96% n-hexane on average. 1,4-Dioxane distributes fairly equally to both phases in the n-hexane–1,4-dioxane–water and ethyl ether–1,4-dioxane–water systems.
Influence of maize starch granule-associated protein on the rheological properties of starch pastes. Part II. Dynamic measurements of viscoelastic properties of starch pastes

The influence of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) on viscoelastic properties of gelatinized starch pastes was studied using a normal, a waxy null, and two GBSS-containing waxy mutant maize starches (waxy protein was synthesized with no GBSS activity). The four starches were isolated using the toluene method (isolation procedure I) (IP I) and were then further purified using an extended period of washing (isolation procedure II) (IP II). Dynamic rheological measurements of IP I gelatinized starches showed that storage moduli (G′) were higher in the two GBSS-containing waxy starches than in the waxy null mutant starch not containing GBSS. The total non-GBSS granule-associated proteins of the three waxy starches were similar. Further removal of granule-associated proteins by purification decreased the G′, with decreases higher in the two GBSS-containing waxy mutants than in the waxy null mutant starch. This was interpreted to be due to the removal of GBSS during purification of the former. High shear broke gelatinized IP I waxy and normal maize starches starch granule or remnant structure, which caused a decrease in G′. Cox–Merz plots showed that the elastic properties of the starch pastes were reduced by removal of starch granule-associated proteins.
Multicultural Counseling Beyond the Relationship: Expanding the Repertoire With Techniques

Multicultural counseling approaches variously focus on the counseling relationship. Relatively few discuss clinical techniques and strategies to any significant extent. This article explores enhancing multicultural counseling by offering an array of techniques and strategies based on addressing oppression and increasing psychological freedom. Techniques offered seek to internally free a person cognitively, affectively, and systemically using the Precursors Model of Change (Hanna, 2002). The goal is to help set a person free from oppressive, discriminatory systems and individuals.
Disappearance of 131I-Labeled Thyroxine (131I-T4) from Agar Pellets Implanted in the Hypothalamus of Rats

A measured number of cpm of radioiodine labeled thyroxine (131I-T4) in agar (2 or 4%) were implanted in the region of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalami of 33 rats. The rats were sacrificed 0.5, 2, 6 or 24 hr later and the number of cpm measured in the hypothalamus, the rest of the brain, liver, kidneys, thyroid and plasma. Cpm in hypothalamus and brain fell steadily over the 24 hr. By 0.5 hr 52% of cpm remained in the hypothalamus, by 2 hr 31 % remained, by 6 hr 15–20 % remained, and by 24 hr <1% remained at the site of implantation. The % cpm originally implanted which was found in liver rose to 7% at 6 hr, at which time 1 % of the implanted counts were present in each ml of plasma and 0.45% of the original cpm were present in the kidneys.
Rigorous electromagnetic modeling of near-field phase-shifting contact lithography

Electromagnetic absorption in a photoresist layer sandwiched between a silicon substrate and a quartz binary phase-shifting mask (employed in near-field phase shift contact lithography) is theoretically analyzed. A rigorous coupled-wave analysis is used to compute the distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the photoresist layer on either monochromatic and polychromatic illumination. The nonuniform distribution of the SAR in the photoresist layer for the printing of high-aspect-ratio features is systematically examined in relation to the geometric dimensions of the binary phase mask, the photoresist layer thickness, and the polarization state of the incident plane wave. Two methods for the improvement of feature resolution and profile are also discussed.
Using the H.E.R.S. model in counseling African-American women

The H.E.R.S. (History, Empowerment, Rapport, and Spirituality) model is a fourstep approach to working with African-American women. Information from the Emergent, Afrocentric, and Integrated Feminist and Psychodynamic models forms the basis for the H.E.R.S. model. This conceptual framework is a holistic approach, which focuses on the unique and specific needs of African-American women.
Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Catheters and Ambulatory Perineural Infusions for Outpatient Inguinal Hernia Repair

Background and Objectives: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks anesthetize the lower abdominal wall, and TAP catheters have been used to provide prolonged postoperative analgesia after laparotomy. The use of TAP catheters on an outpatient basis has not yet been described. We present our experience with ultrasound-guided TAP perineural catheter insertion and subsequent management of ambulatory TAP local anesthetic infusions after inguinal hernia repair. Methods: Three patients scheduled for unilateral open inguinal hernia repair underwent preoperative posterior TAP catheter placement for postoperative pain management using a technique employing ultrasound guidance alone. A bolus of local anesthetic solution was injected via the catheter in divided doses, and block onset was confirmed before surgery. Postoperatively, a continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% was delivered using a portable infusion pump, and patients were discharged with a prescription for oral analgesics for breakthrough pain and perineural infusion instructions. Patients were followed up daily by telephone. Results: All patients underwent successful TAP catheter insertion and maintained their catheters until postoperative day 2. All patients reported minimal pain for the duration of infusion without the need for any supplemental opioid analgesics, high satisfaction with postoperative analgesia, and no infusion-related complications. Conclusions: An ultrasound-guided TAP catheter and ambulatory local anesthetic perineural infusion are a promising option for prolonged postoperative analgesia after outpatient inguinal hernia repair. A posterior insertion permits preoperative placement by keeping the catheter away from the planned surgical field.
Enzymatic formation of potential anticancer and antiviral inosine analogues

Theoretically, inosine analogues should act as effective inhibitors of tumor cell proliferation and viral replication. To acquire a broad spectrum of new candidate inosine analogues, a rapid, facile, quantitative and stereoselective method for deaminating potential antitumor and antiviral adenine analogues previously synthesized in our laboratory was developed. A novel 5′-adenylic acid deaminase, with relaxed substrate requirements, fromAspergillus species was utilized to deaminate four hexofuranosyladenine nucleosides and five adenine nucleoside dialdehydes to their corresponding inosine analogues. The fastest rates of deamination for the hexofuranosyl nucleosides were for the compounds where the vicinal hydroxyl groups on the sugars are oriented in the erythro configuration. For rapid deamination of the adenine nucleoside dialdehydes, theR configuration at the proximal carbon atom is preferred, while the nature of the group on the distal carbon atom has no significant effect on the rate or extent of deamination.
The yeast SEN1 gene is required for the processing of diverse RNA classes

A single base change in the helicase superfamily 1 domain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEN1 gene results in a heat-sensitive mutation that alters the cellular abundance of many RNA species. We compared the relative amounts of RNAs between cells that are wild-type and mutant after temperature-shift. In the mutant several RNAs were found to either decrease or increase in abundance. The affected RNAs include tRNAs, rRNAs and small nuclear and nucleolar RNAs. Many of the affected RNAs have been positively identified and include end-matured precursor tRNAs and the small nuclear and nucleolar RNAs U5 and snR40 and snR45. Several small nucleolar RNAs co-immunoprecipitate with Sen1 but differentially associate with the wild-type and mutant protein. Its inactivation also impairs precursor rRNA maturation, resulting in increased accumulation of 35S and 6S precursor rRNAs and reduced levels of 20S, 23S and 27S rRNA processing intermediates. Thus, Sen1 is required for the biosynthesis of various functionally distinct classes of nuclear RNAs. We propose that Sen1 is an RNA helicase acting on a wide range of RNA classes. Its effects on the targeted RNAs in turn enable ribonuclease activity.
Measuring the effects of demand characteristics on the Beck Depression Inventory responses of college students

To determine whether Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) responses could be influenced by an instructional set or by changing the item order, 198 college students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: instructions designed to facilitate or inhibit responding, along with standard vs. reordered symptom questions. A 2×2 ANCOVA found a main effect only for the inhibitory message. The suppression of scores by the inhibitor instructional set suggests caution regarding possible demand characteristics when using the BDI with this population and should be further studied with clinically symptomatic samples.
Turing Degrees and Many-One Degrees of Maximal Sets

sets whose many-one degrees are pairwise incomparable; hence such Turing degrees contain an infinite number of distinct minimal many-one degrees. This theorem has been proved by Yates [6, Theorem 5] in the case when a = 0'. The need for this theorem first came to our attention as a result of work done by the author [3, Theorem 2.3]. There we looked at the structure R/M obtained from the recursive functions of one variable under the equivalence relation f g if, and only if, f(x) = g(x) a.e., that is, for all but finitely many x E M, where M is a maximal set, and M is its complement. We showed that RI/M, =_/M2 if, and only
Damage to Corn by the Pink Scavenger Caterpillar and Its Relationship to Corn Earworm and Rice Weevil Damage

The pink scavenger caterpillar, Sathrobrota rileyi (Walsingham), was found to be less dependent than the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), on prior entrance to the corn car by the com earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). for establishing infestations, Within a given field, the pink scavenger caterpillar was more uniformly distributed than the rice weevil, but it was more variably distributed than the earworm. Moisture content of the infested kernels varied from 13.1 to 21.2%. A tentative system for evaluating corn damage and loss is proposed, and damage in 1962 is estimated as about 2% of the kernels in fields In 5 Southeastern States. Live larvae of the pink scavenger caterpillar were found in ears of corn in the field from September to March.
Monochromatic Trees with Respect to Edge Partitions

It is shown, that for every infinite cardinal ? there exists a graph F on ? vertices satisfying F ? (T)edges? for every tree T on ? vertices and all ? satisfying cf? ? (?)3?
Percutaneous revascularization of persistent renal artery in-stent restenosis:

Percutaneous renal artery stenting is a common means of treating atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. However, renal artery restenosis remains a frequent problem. The optimal treatment of restenosis has not been established and may involve percutaneous renal artery angioplasty or deployment of a second stent. Other modalities include cutting balloon angioplasty, repeat stenting with drug-eluting stents or endovascular brachytherapy. Most recently, use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stents may offer a new and innovative way to treat recurrent renal artery stenosis. We describe a case in a patient who initially presented with renal insufficiency and multi-drug hypertension in the setting of severe bilateral renal artery stenosis. Her renal artery stenosis was initially successfully treated by percutaneous deployment of bilateral bare metal renal artery stents. After initial improvement of her hypertension and renal insufficiency, both parameters declined and follow-up duplex evaluation confirmed renal artery in-stent restenosis. Owing to other medical co-morbidities she was felt to be a poor surgical candidate and was subsequently treated first with bilateral cutting balloon angioplasty and second with drug-eluting stent deployment. Each procedure was associated with initial improvement of renal function and blood pressure control, which then later deteriorated with the development of further significant in-stent restenosis. It was then decided to treat the restenosis using PTFE-covered stents. At 12 months of follow-up, the blood pressure had remained stable and renal function had normalized. The covered stents remained free of any significant neointimal tissue or obstruction.
PET evidence for multiple strategies of categorization.

It is widely held that people use multiple strategies to categorize their experiences in the world. We conducted a pair of neuroimaging experiments to identify the neural correlates of two of these strategies— rule application and exemplar similarity. Participants were instructed to perform either a ruleor an exemplar-based categorization task while changes in cerebral blood flow were measured using positron emission tomography. Patterns of neural activity were consistent with the predictions of cognitive models of rule- versus exemplar-based categorization and with existing neuroscience data. The identification of strategy-specific neural patterns offers future researchers a diagnostic tool for assessing strategy use in other situations.
Validity of questionnaire and TAT measures of need for achievement: Two meta-analyses.

Proponents of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), most notably McClelland, have argued that the TAT and questionnaires are valid measures of different aspects of achievement motivation. Critics of the TAT have argued that questionnaires but not the TAT are valid measures of the need for achievement. Two meta-analyses of 105 randomly selected empirical research articles found that correlations between TAT measures of need for achievement and outcomes were on average positive; that these correlations were particularly large for outcomes such as career success measured in the presence of intrinsic, or task-related, achievement incentives; that questionnaire measures of need for achievement were also positively correlated with outcomes, particularly in the presence of external or social achievement incentives; and that on average TAT-based correlations were larger than questionnaire-based correlations. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Over the course of 4 decades, McClelland, Atkinson and their associates have studied the motivational bases of human behavior. Much of their work has focused on the sources and effects of achievement motivation. This work has ranged from laboratory studies of the effects of need for achievement on performance (Atkinson & Litwin, 1960), studies of performance and success of people such as entrepreneurs in vocational settings (McClelland & Winter, 1969), training efforts aimed to increase the need for achievement of individuals (McClelland, 1965), as well as studies linking the achievement motive to the economic growth and decline of civilizations (McClelland, 1961). During this period a number of theories of motivation have been developed (e.g., Atkinson, 1957; McClelland, 1985). At the same time, McClelland, Atkinson, and their colleagues have devoted much research to the issue of measuring the need for achievement in individuals. The focus of this work has been the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Atkinson, 1982; McClelland, 1972, 1980, 1985; McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1958; McClelland, Clark, Roby, & Atkinson, 1958). TAT presents the subject with a set of pictures, general instructions to be creative, and a set of four questions to guide the respondent in writing stories. The respondent writes a short story interpreting each picture, and the stories are then coded for the presence of various types of achievement imagery. The TAT method of measuring the achievement motive has inspired substantial criticism as well as defense. Critics have charged that TAT measures of the achievement motive demonstrate poor test-retest and internal consistency reliability (Entwisle, 1972; Fineman, 1977; Weinstein, 1969) and have low and inconsistent correlations with actual achievement-oriented be
Experimenting natural-language dictation with a 20000-word speech recognizer

The authors describe a newly developed real-time large-vocabulary speech recognizer for the Italian language and some preliminary experiments on its usage. Some of these experiments are aimed at evaluating voice versus keyboard as a means for entry and editing of texts. The experiments made use of a dictating-machine prototype for the Italian language, which recognizes in real time natural-language sentences built from a 20000-word vocabulary. A voice-activated editor was developed to allow the user to create, revise, file, and print documents. It is found that large-vocabulary speech recognition can offer a very competitive alternative to traditional text entry. It is likely to be well accepted even by users who have a large experience in keyboard text editing. The study has already suggested possible improvements to the man-machine interface of the current speech recognizer. >
Effect of stromal-cell-derived factor 1 on stem-cell homing and tissue regeneration in ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Summary Background Myocardial regeneration via stem-cell mobilisation at the time of myocardial infarction is known to occur, although the mechanism for stem-cell homing to infarcted tissue subsequently and whether this approach can be used for treatment of ischaemic cardiomyopathy are unknown. We investigated these issues in a Lewis rat model (ligation of the left anterior descending artery) of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Methods We studied the effects of stem-cell mobilisation by use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) with or without transplantation of syngeneic cells. Shortening fraction and myocardial strain by tissue doppler imaging were quantified by echocardiography. Findings Stem-cell mobilisation with filgrastim alone did not lead to engraftment of bone-marrow-derived cells. Stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), required for stem-cell homing to bone marrow, was upregulated immediately after myocardial infarction and downregulated within 7 days. 8 weeks after myocardial infarction, transplantation into the peri-infarct zone of syngeneic cardiac fibroblasts stably transfected to express SDF-1 induced homing of CD117-positive stem cells to injured myocardium after filgrastim administration (control vs SDF-1-expressing cardiac fibroblasts mean 7·2 [SD 3·4] vs 33·2 [6·0] cells/mm 2 , n=4 per group, p vs 1·57 [0·27] g) and better cardiac function (shortening fraction 9·2 [4·9] vs 17·2 [4·2]%, n=8 per group, p Interpretation These findings show that SDF-1 is sufficient to induce therapeutic stem-cell homing to injured myocardium and suggest a strategy for directed stem-cell engraftment into injured tissues. Our findings also indicate that therapeutic strategies focused on stem-cell mobilisation for regeneration of myocardial tissue must be initiated within days of myocardial infarction unless signalling for stem-cell homing is reestablished.
Interactive Distance Learning: Perspective and Thoughts

Faculty, student, delivery, and university issues associated with distance learn ing as well as implementation and monitoring strategies require special atten tion if optimal benefits are to be produced. Communication faculties can play an important role in the success of this approach. This paper addresses the efforts at one school of business in developing an approach for program deliv ery through interactive distance learning.
OCCURRENCE OF γ-GLOBULIN COMPLEXES IN SERUM AND JOINT FLUID OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: USE OF MONOCLONAL RHEUMATOID FACTORS AS REAGENTS FOR THEIR DEMONSTRATION

γG globulin complexed in an unusual form has been demonstrated in the serum of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Such complexes have been detected and isolated principally through precipitation reactions with monoclonal γM rheumatoid factors. These monoclonal rheumatoid factors exhibited a greater sensitivity to react with small complexes or aggregates of γ-globulin than polyclonal rheumatoid factor from rheumatoid arthritis sera or isolated C1q. The serum complexes consisted in large part of high molecular weight but acid-dissociable 7S γG globulin molecules They however differed from the complexes in the joint fluid by not yielding precipitates with C1q and were not found in association with evidence of marked serum complement fixation or activation. A small number of systemic lupus erythematosus sera, primarily those forming cryoprecipitates, also gave reactions with monoclonal rheumatoid factor. Sera from patients with a variety of nonrheumatic diseases gave a low incidence of reactions. The exact nature of the complexes in the rheumatoid arthritis sera remains somewhat in doubt although γG rheumatoid factors appear partly involved.
Active Instance Sampling via Matrix Partition

Recently, batch-mode active learning has attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose a novel batch-mode active learning approach that selects a batch of queries in each iteration by maximizing a natural mutual information criterion between the labeled and unlabeled instances. By employing a Gaussian process framework, this mutual information based instance selection problem can be formulated as a matrix partition problem. Although matrix partition is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, we show that a good local solution can be obtained by exploiting an effective local optimization technique on a relaxed continuous optimization problem. The proposed active learning approach is independent of employed classification models. Our empirical studies show this approach can achieve comparable or superior performance to discriminative batch-mode active learning methods.
The external credentialing process as a joint endeavor: lessons from the past.

I am very honored to participate on this panel this evening and am particularly grateful to Ann Louise Silver for her wisdom in arranging this panel as the opening session of a scientific program of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. I feel both fortunate and saddened to be on this panel. I feel fortunate for the opportunity to engage in this polylogue and share some of my own thoughts with you, and I feel saddened because Robert Pyles, the president of the American Psychoanalytic Association, could not participate because of a long-standing commitment for this evening. I send you both his greetings and good wishes as well as his sincere regrets that he could not be here. I would also like to stress that my comments here this evening, like at any other scientific discussion, are my own personal opinions and do not reflect any “official” position of the American Psychoanalytic Association. Obviously, I shared my ideas with my colleagues at the American after I wrote them. Thus, these comments are not a joint production nor, in fact, influenced by any discussion with anyone else. I am stressing this point because my paper has a very simple conclusion—a recommendation, as a matter of fact. My conclusion is that there is only one way to effectively implement a joint endeavor on credentialing psychoanalytic institutions, and eventually individual psychoanalysts. I will argue that for credentialing to occur, all of us will have to shift our focus. We need to shift away from a political orientation to a scientific orientation. It seems to me that up to now we have needed to pay a great deal of attention to political considerations because of the
Aneurysm enlargement following endovascular aneurysm repair: AneuRx clinical trial.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and significance of aneurysm enlargement, with or without treatment, in relation to the primary end points of rupture, surgical conversion, aneurysm-related death, and survival following endovascular repair. Method Aneurysm (AAA) size changes and clinical outcome of all patients treated from 1997 through 1998 during the Phase II AneuRx multicenter clinical trial of endovascular AAA repair were reviewed. Aneurysm dimensions and the presence or absence of endoleak were determined by an independent core laboratory, with enlargement or shrinkage defined as a diameter change of 5 mm or more compared with baseline. Results Among 383 patients (89% men, 11% women, age 73 ± 9 years), with a mean device implant time of 36 ± 11 months (median = 39 months), aneurysm diameter decreased from 5.7 ± 1.0 at baseline to 5.2 ± 1.0 at 3 years ( P = .0001). A total of 46 patients (12%) experienced AAA enlargement, 199 patients (52%) had no change in AAA diameter, and 138 patients (36%) had a decrease in AAA diameter of 5 mm or more. Significant risk factors for enlargement included age (enlargement patients were 4 years older on average than patients with aneurysms that decreased in size; P = .002) and the presence of an endoleak ( P P P P = .005). Survival at 3 years was 86% with increase, 82% with no change, and 93% with decrease ( P = .02). Conclusions Aneurysm enlargement following endovascular repair was not associated with an increased risk of aneurysm rupture or decrease in patient survival during a 3-year observation period. Aneurysm size rather than enlargement may be a more meaningful predictor of rupture. Close follow-up and a high re-intervention rate (43%) may account for the low risk of rupture in patients with enlargement. The long-term significance of aneurysm enlargement following endovascular repair remains to be determined.
A framework for analyzing configurations of deployable software systems

Configuring and deploying a large software system is complicated when the system is composed of components and when there are numerous possible configurations for the system. In such a scenario, it is difficult for end users to specify and install an appropriate configuration for their specific environment. Defining all valid configurations of a software system is challenging, and can be addressed through a concise specification that can generate all of the possible configurations. The Deployable Software Description (DSD) part of the University of Colorado Software Dock project, is one such specification format. But using the DSD runs the risk that the set of generated configurations includes some that are invalid with respect to constraints defined independently of the DSD. The paper describes a framework to support the analysis of DSD specifications to help developers detect potentially invalid configurations. This analysis assumes that the system components are annotated with properties, and an analysis tool is provided that takes a specific configuration and analyzes it for conflicts with respect to some set of constraints. Using the DSD, we can enumerate and analyze configurations to verify their validity. The results can be used to modify the DSD to avoid future generation of invalid configurations.
A (fairly) simple circuit that (usually) sorts

A natural k-round tournament over n=2/sup k/ players is analyzed, and it is demonstrated that the tournament possesses a surprisingly strong ranking property. The ranking property of this tournament is exploited by being used as a building block for efficient parallel sorting algorithms under a variety of different models of computation. Three important applications are provided. First, a sorting circuit of depth 7.44 log n, which sorts all but a superpolynomially small fraction of the n-factorial possible input permutations, is defined. Secondly, a randomized sorting algorithm that runs in O(log n) word steps with very high probability is given for the hypercube and related parallel computers (the butterfly, cube-connected cycles, and shuffle-exchange). Thirdly, a randomized algorithm that runs in O(m+log n)-bit steps with very high probability is given for sorting n O(m)-bit records on an n log n-node butterfly. >
False positivity of monospot test in an immunocompetent elderly woman with acute cytomegalovirus infection

A 75-year-old woman presented with altered mental status, septic picture, and influenza-like symptoms. Initial investigations revealed atypical lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and a positive monospot test result. Further investigation showed the Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antibody IgM/IgG and Epstein-Barr virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction to be negative; however, interestingly her cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM and IgG were positive, suggesting that her mononucleosis-like syndrome was due to acute CMV infection. Herein, we report the first case of a heterophile-positive mononucleosis syndrome caused by acute CMV infection in an elderly immunocompetent woman. This case conveys that monospot test can yield false-positive result in the setting of acute CMV infection.
Comparison of Two Switched Reluctance Motors with No Flux-Reversal in the Stator

A comparison of two configurations of a novel two-phase switched reluctance machine (SRM) with no flux reversal in the stator iron is presented in this paper. Conventional SRMs have flux reversals that occur in sections of the yoke during commutation. The two novel SRMs compared in this paper have six stator poles. Each phase comprises of three poles separated by 120deg. The two rotor configurations contain three poles and nine poles, respectively. The comparison includes inductance and torque profiles, self-starting capability and torque ripple, weight, radial forces, core losses and in addition the unique features of the flux-reversal-free-stator SRMs. The results provide an indication of which machine is best suited for a particular application. Data for the comparison is obtained from dynamic finite element simulations
The treatment of compulsive vomiting and obsessive thoughts through graduated response delay, response prevention, and cognitive correction

Abstract The course and method of in vivo behavioral treatments for a 28-yr-old obsessive compulsive are described. Intervention goals were specified as: reduction in the incident of intrusive thoughts, and the elimination of chronic compulsive forced vomiting. Response delay, response prevention and cognitive correction were selected as intervention methods. Both of the intervention goals were realized over a nineteen week period and maintained at an eleven month follow-up. The efficacy of response delay and response prevention as components of successful intervention with compulsive disorders is supported.
Respiratory Function in the South American Lungfish, Lepidosiren Paradoxa (Fitz)

1. Respiratory properties of blood and pattern of branchial and pulmonary gas exchange have been studied in twelve specimens of the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa (Fitz). 2. Haematocrit ranged from 14 to 19% and blood oxygen capacity from 4.9 to 6.8 vol. %. The blood had a high affinity for O2 with a P 50 value of 10.5 mm. Hg at P co2 6 mm. Hg and temperature 23° C. The Bohr effect was low. 3. The CO2 dissociation curves show a steep ascending slope resulting in a relatively high CO2 combining power at physiological values of blood P co2 The Haldane effect was small. Buffering capacity of oxygenated whole blood was high and exceeded that in typical water breathers. 4. Air breathing was prominent and intervals between air breaths varied from 3 to 10 min. Branchial respiratory movements were extremely shallow and showed a labile frequency. Air breathing was stimulated by hypoxic and hypercarbic water while hyperoxygenated water had no effect. Branchial respiratory rate showed a marked acceleration in response to mechanical agitation of the water. 5. Gas exchange was predominantly carried out by pulmonary breathing. In less than 10 min. the P O2 of expired gas dropped from 150 mm. Hg to less than 30 mm. Hg. The shallow branchial breathing with very low ventilation values resulted in a low O2 uptake via the gills. 6. Blood-gas analysis documented a clear selective passage of blood through the only partially divided heart. A consistently higher P O2 in dorsal aortic than in pulmonary arterial blood indicates a preferential passage of pulmonary venous blood to the anterior branchial arteries giving rise to most of the systemic circulation while systemic venous blood was largely conveyed to the most posterior branchial arteries giving rise to the pulmonary arteries. 7. The oxygen uptake for fish resting in water with access to air averaged 53.4 ml./hr./kg. Exposure to air lowered the O2 uptake markedly. 8. The increased importance of pulmonary breathing in Lepidosiren is discussed in relation to the transition from water breathing to air breathing. This investigation was supported by grant G.B. 358 from the National Science Foundation and grants H.E. 0845 and H.E. 01892 from the National Institute of Health. This work was carried out during the tenure of an Established Investigatorship of the American Heart Association.
Hydrogen tunneling steps in cyclooxygenase-2 catalysis.

Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 are tyrosyl radical (Y·)-utilizing hemoproteins responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid-derived autocoids. COX-2, in particular, is a primary mediator of inflammation and believed to be up-regulated in many forms of cancer. Described here are first-of-a-kind studies of COX-2-catalyzed oxidation of the substrate analogue linoleic acid. Very large (≥20) temperature-independent deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) on the rate constant for enzyme turnover were observed, due to hydrogen atom abstraction from the bisallylic C–H(D) of the fatty acid. The magnitude of the KIE depends on the O2 concentration, consistent with reversible H/D tunneling mediated by the catalytic Y·. At physiological levels of O2, retention of the hydrogen initially abstracted by the catalytic tyrosine results in strongly temperature-dependent KIEs on O–H(D) homolysis, also characteristic of nuclear tunneling.