cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Follicular Hyperplasia, Follicular Lysis, and Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers

We studied mantle B-cell and T-cell ingression in hyperplastic follicles (HFs), follicular lysis (FL), and progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) in 19 paraffin-embedded, HE P < .0001) and a mild increase of mantle B cells (12.3 ± 11.4 vs 2.1 ± 1.6; P < .001). PTGC showed an increase of T-cell ingression compared with HF (36.5 ± 12.1 vs 25.8 ± 7.8; P < .0001) and more migration of mantle B cells into the follicle than FL (41.0 ± 22.5 vs 12.3 ± 11.4; P < .0001). T cells and mantle B cells ingress in FL and PTGC, although the mantle B-cell component predominates in the latter, suggesting that follicular hyperplasia, FL, and PTGC constitute an evolutionary spectrum in resolution of lymphoid hyperplasia with sequential ingression of T cells followed by mantle B cells. The maintenance of bcl-2 expression in mantle B cells in PTGC may cause differential diagnostic pitfalls in florid PTGC vs follicular lymphoma, particularly the so-called floral variant.
The role of lake effect snow cover in reducing the susceptibility of Miscanthus × giganteus to extreme cold soil temperatures in Michigan

Abstract Miscanthus × giganteus (hereafter “M. × giganteus”) is a low-input, highly productive perennial grass increasingly grown in the US Midwest for conversion into cellulosic ethanol. M. × giganteus must be propagated rhizomatously because it is a sterile hybrid, and because it is a perennial crop, mass die-offs may take two to three years to recover fully. This leads to economic loss and interruption of bioenergy supply. Several experimental M. × giganteus crops in Illinois and Wisconsin experienced mass mortality due to extreme cold soil temperatures in the winter of 2008–2009. During this same winter, experimental M. × giganteus crops in Michigan experienced little to no mortality. It is hypothesized that the insulating effect of increased snow depth and duration due to lake effect snowfall is sufficient to reduce the risk of cold-induced M. × giganteus mortality in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, where the opportunity cost of farmland is also lower than in other parts of the US Midwest. Observations of air and soil temperatures from experimental M. × giganteus plots in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan are analyzed during periods of snow cover and no snow cover in two anomalously cold winters, and a synoptic analysis is also presented. It is found that the absolute difference between the shallow soil temperature and air temperature was 3–7 °C greater when there was at least 2.5 cm of snow on the ground at these sites. However, shallow soil temperatures were observed to drop below laboratory mortality temperature thresholds of M. × giganteus (− 3 °C and − 6.5 °C) despite snow cover, demonstrating that snowfall alone should not be relied upon to sufficiently insulate M. × giganteus rhizomes during their winter dormancy. Additionally, seven winters of shallow soil temperature observations at 12 sites in Michigan are compared with satellite-derived estimates of snow cover and it is shown that increased snow cover depth may not lead to decreased likelihood of soil temperatures below − 3 °C.
Pre-transmetalation intermediates in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction revealed: The missing link

Despite the widespread application of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to forge carbon-carbon bonds, the structure of the reactive intermediates underlying the key transmetalation step from the boron reagent to the palladium catalyst remains uncertain. Here we report the use of low-temperature rapid injection nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and kinetic studies to generate, observe, and characterize these previously elusive complexes. Specifically, this work establishes the identity of three different species containing palladium-oxygen-boron linkages, a tricoordinate boronic acid complex, and two tetracoordinate boronate complexes with 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometry with respect to palladium. All of these species transfer their boron-bearing aryl groups to a coordinatively unsaturated palladium center in the critical transmetalation event.
Tumors of the Liver, Other Than Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatic angiosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver. Although comprising only 2 per cent of all hepatic primary tumors, it represents a major clinical problem because of its strong association with industrial vinyl chloride exposure and its incurability. Strict ceilings on the amount of exposure for vinyl chloride workers has reduced the incidence of this devastating tumor. In addition, recent chemotherapeutic trials have provided both improved performance status and prolonged survival in several patients.
Harninkontinenz – was kann der Grundversorger machen und wann braucht es den Urologen?

Etwa 15% der Frauen und 10% der Manner im Alter von uber 65 Jahren leiden an einer Harninkontinenz. Die Unterscheidung zwischen einer Drang-, einer Belastungs- und einer Uberlaufinkontinenz kann meist durch eine genaue Anamnese erfolgen und ist fur die Therapie entscheidend. Die ersten Abklarungsschritte konnen in der Hausarztpraxis erfolgen, insbesondere der Ausschluss eines Harnwegsinfektes oder einer Uberlaufblase. Die Beratung von Patienten uber Anderungen der Trinkgewohnheiten und des Miktionsverhaltens sowie die Beratung bezuglich geeigneter Inkontinenzprodukte sind wichtige erste Schritte bei den Therapiemassnahmen. Ebenso konnen medikamentose Therapiemassnahmen bereits durch den Grundversorger ergriffen werden. Die therapierefraktare Harninkontinenz, insbesondere die auf Anticholinergika nicht ansprechende Dranginkontinenz, gehort urologisch abgeklart, da ein Blasentumor oder andere Erkrankungen der Blase als Ursache vorliegen konnen.
SU-F-J-42: Comparison of Varian TrueBeam Cone-Beam CT and BrainLab ExacTrac X-Ray for Cranial Radiotherapy

Purpose: To compare online image registrations of TrueBeam cone-beam CT (CBCT) and BrainLab ExacTrac x-ray imaging systems for cranial radiotherapy. Method: Phantom and patient studies were performed on a Varian TrueBeam STx linear accelerator (Version 2.5), which is integrated with a BrainLab ExacTrac imaging system (Version 6.1.1). The phantom study was based on a Rando head phantom, which was designed to evaluate isocenter-location dependence of the image registrations. Ten isocenters were selected at various locations in the phantom, which represented clinical treatment sites. CBCT and ExacTrac x-ray images were taken when the phantom was located at each isocenter. The patient study included thirteen patients. CBCT and ExacTrac x-ray images were taken at each patient's treatment position. Six-dimensional image registrations were performed on CBCT and ExacTrac, and residual errors calculated from CBCT and ExacTrac were compared. Results: In the phantom study, the average residual-error differences between CBCT and ExacTrac image registrations were: 0.16±0.10 mm, 0.35±0.20 mm, and 0.21±0.15 mm, in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral directions, respectively. The average residual-error differences in the rotation, roll, and pitch were: 0.36±0.11 degree, 0.14±0.10 degree, and 0.12±0.10 degree, respectively. In the patient study, the average residual-error differences in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral directions were: 0.13±0.13 mm, 0.37±0.21 mm, 0.22±0.17 mm, respectively. The average residual-error differences in the rotation, roll, and pitch were: 0.30±0.10 degree, 0.18±0.11 degree, and 0.22±0.13 degree, respectively. Larger residual-error differences (up to 0.79 mm) were observed in the longitudinal direction in the phantom and patient studies where isocenters were located in or close to frontal lobes, i.e., located superficially. Conclusion: Overall, the average residual-error differences were within 0.4 mm in the translational directions and were within 0.4 degree in the rotational directions.
Interaction Fidelity: The Uncanny Valley of Virtual Reality Interactions

Interaction designers often strive to create more-realistic and natural interactions for virtual reality (VR) applications. However, due to hardware and system limitations, they often settle for semi-natural interaction techniques. Using the concept of interaction fidelity and the Framework for Interaction Fidelity Analysis (FIFA), we present several case studies that provide empirical evidence that semi-natural interactions are worse for user performance than low-fidelity interactions that do not resemble real-world actions and high-fidelity interactions that do. We discuss these case studies and how interaction fidelity generally acts as the uncanny valley of VR interactions in terms of user performance. We also consider different reasons for this phenomenon and conclude with a guideline to avoid designing semi-natural interaction techniques that lack similarities to established techniques or real-world actions.
Communication-Efficient Algorithms for Statistical Optimization

We study two communication-efficient algorithms for distributed statistical optimization on large-scale data. The first algorithm is an averaging method that distributes the N data samples evenly to m machines, performs separate minimization on each subset, and then averages the estimates. We provide a sharp analysis of this average mixture algorithm, showing that under a reasonable set of conditions, the combined parameter achieves mean-squared error that decays as O(N-1 + (N/m)-2). Whenever m ≤ √N, this guarantee matches the best possible rate achievable by a centralized algorithm having access to all N samples. The second algorithm is a novel method, based on an appropriate form of the bootstrap. Requiring only a single round of communication, it has mean-squared error that decays as O(N-1 + (N/m)-3), and so is more robust to the amount of parallelization. We complement our theoretical results with experiments on large-scale problems from the internet search domain. In particular, we show that our methods efficiently solve an advertisement prediction problem from the Chinese SoSo Search Engine, which consists of N ≈ 2.4 × 108 samples and d ≥ 700,000 dimensions.
Fourier Transform Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy

FT-NQR (Fourier Transform Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance) spectroscopy is one of the newer analytical tools. Although nuclear quadrupole coupling constants were first observed in atoms by Schmidt and Schuler1 in 1935 and in molecules by Kellog2 and coworkers in 1936, it was the discovery of pure quadrupole coupling transitions in solids by Dehmelt and Kruger3,4 in 1950 and 1951 that initiated the understanding of the NQR phenomenon as presently utilized.
On the Structure of Algebraic Curves and their Relation to Dynamical Systems

Abstract A surprising number of concepts from dynamical system theory can also be associated with the structure of algebraic curves. To begin, we note that many free-form object boundaries can be approximately modeled by algebraic curves defined by implicit polynomial equations in x and y, namely F(x,y) = 0. We then illustrate how any non-degenerate closed-bounded algebraic curve of even degree n = 2p can be uniquely decomposed as the product of p conics, plus a remaining polynomial of degree n - 2. Moreover, closed, bounded quartic (4th degree) algebraic curves can be decomposed as the unique product of two ellipses plus a circle. The centers of these ellipses and circles are shown to be very useful related points which map to one another under both Euclidean and affine transformations. These centers also can be used to transform given algebraic curves to unique canonical forms, analogous to the controllable and observable companion forms associated with state-space systems. This new structure for quartic curves is also exploited to develop various new sets of functionally independent geometric invariants that can be used for object recognition, analogous to feedback invariants used in control system analysis and design. We finally employ another unique sum-of-line product decomposition of algebraic curves to study their dynamical behavior when defined by state-space equations. In these cases, we prove that the motion of the lines in our decomposition satisfy scalar Riccati equations, analogous to those associated with the optimal control of linear systems.
Network or Not Work: Harnessing Technology Networks in DuPont

OVERVIEW:Networks are becoming a vital force within and between organizations. The experiences with networking within the DuPont Company have provided a framework for thinking about such networks, some principles for effective networking, an appreciation of the value of networks, and some actions that can be taken to promote more effective networks.
Type 2 Diabetes in the Real World: The Elusive Nature of Glycemic Control

Despite U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of over 40 new treatment options for type 2 diabetes since 2005, the latest data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey show that the proportion of patients achieving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) remains around 50%, with a negligible decline between the periods 2003-2006 and 2011-2014. The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set reports even more alarming rates, with only about 40% and 30% of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) in the commercially insured (HMO) and Medicaid populations, respectively, again with virtually no change over the past decade. A recent retrospective cohort study using a large U.S. claims database explored why clinical outcomes are not keeping pace with the availability of new treatment options. The study found that HbA1c reductions fell far short of those reported in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), with poor medication adherence emerging as the key driver behind the disconnect. In this Perspective, we examine the implications of these findings in conjunction with other data to highlight the discrepancy between RCT findings and the real world, all pointing toward the underrealized promise of FDA-approved therapies and the critical importance of medication adherence. While poor medication adherence is not a new issue, it has yet to be effectively addressed in clinical practice-often, we suspect, because it goes unrecognized. To support the busy health care professional, innovative approaches are sorely needed.
Origami Segmented Helical Antenna With Switchable Sense of Polarization

A new design of a segmented helical antenna (SHA), which can switch its sense of polarization by rotating around its center axis is presented. Two implementation methods, one based on origami folding and the other one based on skeleton scaffolding are developed. Example bifilar SHA designs are presented for the UHF frequency band. The performance of the antennas is studied and validated through simulations and measurements. Specifically, the reflection coefficient, axial ratio, realized gain, and radiation pattern beamwidth of the proposed SHAs are investigated and compared with the ones of a conventional bifilar helical antenna. The proposed SHA has two stable states of operation, one with right-hand circular polarization and the other one with left-hand circular polarization. The sense of the polarization of this antenna can be controlled and switched using mechanical rotation. Therefore, this antenna exhibits reconfigurable polarization performance.
Polygala minima (Polygalaceae) in Western Mexico

Abstract: The widespread Neotropical species Polygala glochidiata has traditionally been considered the only Polygala with uncinate seed hairs to occur in Mexico. A second species with such hairs is shown to occur partly sympatrically with P. glochidiata in Jalisco and Nayarit and is referred to P. minima, heretofore considered to be a species restricted to southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. A single collection from the state of Mexico is also referred to P. minima, while the situation from Oaxaca southeastward into Central America is more complex. Patterns of variation in the P. glochidiata complex require further study, but data are presented to dispute the synonymization of P. minima into P. glochidiata by Bernardi.
Historical neighborhood poverty trajectories and child sleep.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether historical neighborhood poverty measures are associated with mothers' reports of their children's sleep duration and to compare results from historical neighborhood poverty measures to contemporaneous measures of neighborhood poverty. Design The Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study is a follow-up survey of mothers who gave birth between 2003 and 2007. GROW mothers assessed their own and their children's health and health behaviors 5-10 years later (2012-2013). Setting Urban Californian counties. Participants GROW respondents. Measurements We categorized children's sleep as adequate or inadequate using clinical age-specific guidelines and based on mothers' reports of their child's sleep duration. We conducted a latent class analysis to identify historical poverty classes for all California census tracts using data from 1970 to 2005-2009, and we categorized current neighborhood poverty based on data from 2005 to 2009 only. We then assigned children to different neighborhood exposure classes based on their neighborhood of residence at birth and follow-up. Results Logistic models indicated that net of controls for demographics, child behavior and health characteristics, mother characteristics, and household socioeconomic status, children who grew up in historically low (OR: 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.45-0.92) or historically moderate poverty classes (OR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.48-0.98) had lower odds of inadequate sleep duration compared with children who grew up in historically high poverty. We show that the historical specification of neighborhood poverty remained significant despite controls, whereas contemporaneous measures of neighborhood poverty did not. Conclusions Our findings indicate strong associations between historical neighborhood poverty and child sleep duration.
Endoscopist factors that influence serrated polyp detection: a multicenter study.

Background Serrated polyps are important colorectal cancer precursors that are variably detected during colonoscopy. We measured serrated polyp detection rate (SPDR) in a large, multicenter, cross-sectional study of colonoscopy quality to identify drivers of SPDR variation. Methods Colonoscopy and pathology reports were collected for a 2-year period (10/2013-9/2015) from four sites across the United States. Data from reports, including size, location, and histology of polyps, were abstracted using a validated natural language processing algorithm. SPDR was defined as the proportion of colonoscopies with ≥ 1 serrated polyp (not including hyperplastic polyps). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine endoscopist characteristics associated with serrated polyp detection. Results A total of 104 618 colonoscopies were performed by 201 endoscopists who varied with respect to specialty (86 % were gastroenterologists), sex (18 % female), years in practice (range 1 – 51), and number of colonoscopies performed during the study period (range 30 – 2654). The overall mean SPDR was 5.1 % (SD 3.8 %, range 0 – 18.8 %). In multivariable analysis, gastroenterology specialty training (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.33 – 2.70), fewer years in practice (≤ 9 years vs. ≥ 27 years: OR 1.52, 95 %CI 1.14 – 2.04)], and higher procedure volumes (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR 1.77, 95 %CI 1.27 – 2.46)] were independently associated with serrated polyp detection. Conclusions Gastroenterology specialization, more recent completion of training, and greater procedure volume are associated with serrated polyp detection. These findings imply that both repetition and training are likely to be important contributors to adequate detection of these important cancer precursors. Additional efforts to improve SPDR are needed.
Current Status and Prospects of Power System Development in China

Over the past five to 10 years, electric power and power systems in China have developed rapidly. The total installed generation capacity at the end of 1996 reached about 230GW with annual production Of around 1,070 TWh, which is ranked the second in the world. There are now six inter-provincial power networks and five independent provincial networks in operation in mainland China. The Three Gorges Hydro-Power Project is now entering a important phose of construction ond a large amount Of preparation work have been completed for the construction Of the Three Gorges Power Transmission System. The total number of 26 sets Of generators for the Three Gorges Power Plant will be completely installed before the year 2010. By the year 2020, the interconnection Of the power networks of the Whole country will beformed based on the interconnection between the Three Gorges Power System and other inter-provincial power networks.
The Hormonal Control of Flight in the Milkweed Bug, Oncopeltus Fasciatus

Insect migration has been described as a distinct physiological, behavioral and ecological syndrome (Kennedy 1961; Johnson 1963; Southwood 1962; Dingle 1972). It is usually post-teneral and pre-reproductive, most migrants being characterized by immature ovaries, hypertrophied fat bodies and often also by a positive phototaxis. Kennedy (1961) in his analysis of migratory behavior, indicated that response to migratory stimuli is generally accompanied by and dependent upon an internal inhibition of the ‘vegetative’ reflexes (such as feeding, mating, or oviposition) that will eventually arrest the movement. A migratory flight then, may be distinguished from a purely appetitive flight by a concomitant suppression of these vegetative activities.
TOR: A Conserved Nutrient-Sensing Pathway that Determines Life-Span Across Species

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the conserved nutrient-sensing pathway that determines life-span across species. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is emerging as one of the strongest conserved candidates for mediating the effects of life-span extension by dietary restriction. These data emphasize the importance of TORC1 signaling in mediating life-span extension in multiple species and upon various methods of nutrient manipulations, which are consistent with TORC1 being a conserved nutrient sensor. However, future work in this area examining whether limiting various types of nutrients (glucose, protein, or fat) in various species extends life-span by similar mechanisms is needed to assess better the role of TOR in life-span extension. As noted above, strong inhibition of TORC1 early in life (embryogenesis or larval stages) drastically slows or even stops development in multiple species. In contrast, inhibition of this pathway during adulthood (late life) extends life-span. This is consistent with the predictions of the theory of antagonistic pleiotropy, which suggests that genes that are important for fitness early in life limit life-span later in life. Hence, TOR is likely to be an important mediator of antagonistic pleiotropic mechanisms of aging. The discovery that the TOR signaling network mediates life-span extension caused by nutrient modulation in invertebrate and vertebrate species provides a framework for examining the genetic and molecular basis of how dietary restrictions extends life-span.
Beneficial Rhizobacteria Induce Plant Growth: Mapping Signaling Networks in Arabidopsis

The survival of soil microorganisms is largely dependent upon growth and productivity of the plant community. Plants not only supply organic matter for decomposers, but also release up to 30% of their photosynthetic output in the form of root exudates that attract and maintain fungal and bacterial soil colonies. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are naturally occurring microbes that colonize roots and stimulate plant growth. Identification of bacterial chemical signals that trigger such growth promotion has been limited in part by the understanding of how plants respond to external stimuli. With an increasing appreciation of how volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) serve to regulate primary and secondary plant metabolism, significant advances have been achieved in understanding how beneficial microbes drive growth and development in the model plant Arabidopsis. Here the role of bacterial volatiles in regulating plant growth through hormone action, increased photosynthetic efficiency, and sugar sensing in Arabidopsis is reviewed.
Operant analysis of chronic locoweed intoxication in sheep.

Five sheep were fed a 10% locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) pellet or alfalfa pellets for 3- to 5-wk periods to determine the effects of intermittent locoweed ingestion on operant responding; three controls were fed alfalfa pellets for 22 wk. Sheep were trained to respond to a multiple schedule with a fixed ratio (FR) 5 and fixed interval (FI) 50 s as major elements; performance was reinforced with rolled barley. Locoweed-treated sheep decreased (P .05) from their FR baseline except during wk 2. Sheep did not stabilize on the FI component. As locoweed-treated sheep became progressively more intoxicated, they altered their pattern of FR responses, with longer post-reinforcement pauses, and a slower overall FR rate. Intoxicated sheep ingested an average of .21 mg swainsonine.kg-1.d-1. Overt signs of intoxication were noted when two sheep were stressed on wk 17. These two sheep had neuroviseral vacuolation typical of locoweed poisoning, whereas the three remaining locoweed-treated sheep that were euthanatized 5 wk later showed little histologic evidence of intoxication. Our findings indicate that "on-off" or cyclic grazing of locoweed ranges should be approached cautiously. Such a grazing program may be feasible because of the rapid resolution of histologic pathology; however, an initial toxic insult of 4 wk seems to be excessive, even at low doses, because sheep may exhibit persistent behavioral abnormalities that require > 6 wk to resolve.
Regenerator Behavior with Heat Input or Removal at Intermediate Temperatures

Regenerators with finite losses are capable of absorbing a limited amount of heat at intermediate temperatures along their length. This paper discusses a simple analytical model and a rigorous numerical model of regenerator behavior under the influence of heat input or heat removal at intermediate temperatures as well as the influence of a steady mass flow superimposed on the oscillating mass flow within the regenerator. The finite time-averaged enthalpy transport through the regenerator undergoes a discontinuity at the location of the heat input to satisfy the First Law of Thermodynamics. The discontinuous enthalpy flow leads to a discontinuous temperature gradient in the axial direction and to an increase in the regenerator loss that must be absorbed at the cold end. However, the increased loss is less than the heat input at the intermediate temperature, which allows the regenerator to provide a certain amount of cooling without the need for a separate expansion stage. This phenomenon is particularly useful for shield cooling and for precooling a gas continuously or at discrete regenerator locations prior to liquefaction at the cold end. For continuous precooling the total heat load can be reduced by as much as 23%.
To save a child's spleen: 50 years from Toronto to ATOMAC

Abstract Pediatric surgeons brought forth non-operative treatment for children with blunt spleen injury more than 50 years ago. At the time, this proposal was deemed reckless by many adult surgeons, and debate ensued for decades. Despite criticisms, pediatric surgeons refined the clinical pathways for children with spleen injury leading to current safe and efficient outcomes. These outcomes are defined by rare splenectomies, few blood transfusions, and short length of hospital stay. This review will address the role of the spleen through historical perceptions and scientific evidence. In addition, evolution of contemporary clinical pathways will be outlined.
Team Leader Behavior and Team Sensemaking in HIT Implementation

In this research we began with the intent of exploring team member interpersonal behavior as an influence on team sensemaking processes. In the process of doing the work, we discovered that it is t...
Evaluation of adjuvants to improve control of spotted‐wing drosophila in organic fruit production

Spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a key pest of berry crops in the United States. It is managed intensively using insecticides, but organic fruit growers have few effective chemical control options. Spinosad is the most effective organically approved product for control of D. suzukii, while other organic options have not shown high levels of control. Adjuvants are products added to pesticides to improve effectiveness, and these may function as stickers, spreaders or surfactants improving the spray coverage of insecticides on surfaces and thereby increasing the likelihood that pests will contact residues. We conducted experiments evaluating organically approved biopesticides in combination with three adjuvants including poly‐1‐p‐menthene, alcohol ethoxylate and polyether‐polymethylsiloxane‐copolymer polyether to determine whether addition of adjuvants improved efficacy and residual activity of these products. Alcohol ethoxylate and poly‐1‐p‐menthene showed some inherent insecticidal activity against D. suzukii in laboratory assays. Adjuvants increased mortality of some insecticides but not to a level that would provide adequate fruit protection. Poly‐1‐p‐menthene had a negative effect when combined with hydrogen peroxide + PAA and sabadilla alkaloids. Mortality in semi‐field bioassays was quite low except for spinosad. Polyether‐polymethylsiloxane‐copolymer polyether had a negative effect on the efficacy of spinosad. The adjuvants did not extend residual activity of the insecticides. Adjuvants did not provide the expected benefits of increased performance against D. suzukii when combined with organic biopesticides. Other methods for enhancing these insecticides will need to be explored to provide organic growers with more effective chemical control options for this invasive pest.
A scalable nano-engineering method to synthesize 3D-graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid fibers for supercapacitor applications

Abstract In this work, we describe a simple approach for the synthesis of three-dimensional graphene (3D-G) - carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid fibers via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). The obtained hybrid fiber was employed as a free-standing current collector in an electrochemical supercapacitor thus avoiding any conductive additives or metals. The amount of graphene synthesized on the CNT fiber and its properties have been easily tuned by different processing parameters, as described in the paper below. The fabricated fibers revealed a reasonable mechanical strength of 220.4 MPa and high electrical conductivity up to 649 Scm−1. They also showed excellent electrochemical properties and capacitance that was important for their energy storage application. Interconnected PANI nanorods were grown on these fibers by oxidation polymerization, and the resulted fibrous hybrid structures were used as electrodes to make supercapacitors. The created devices employed an ionic liquid gel electrolyte (PVDF-EMIMBF4) which had a voltage window of 3.2 V, thus increasing significantly the energy densities of the supercapacitors. The tested devices achieved a gravimetric energy density of 12.93 Wh/kg and a power density of 1350.25 W/kg at a current density of 1 A/g. They also demonstrated an areal energy density of 14.54 μWh/cm2 and a power density of 1.37 mW/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2.
Compressive Imaging with a Stochastic Spatial Light Modulator

We present the design and testing of a stochastic analog spatial light modulator designed for compressive imaging applications. This spatial light modulator does not require the external generation or input of the often computationally or memory expensive sampling matrices. We rely on the stochastic nature of multi-particle collisions to provide randomization for the particle location. We demonstrate this concept in an optical imaging system using a single-pixel camera. This design can be applied to imaging or spectroscopic systems in which no analog to optical spatial light modulators currently exist or in non-optical lensless imaging systems. © 2019 The Author(s)
Determining issues of importance for the evaluation of quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in breast cancer: results of a survey of 1072 patients.

Identifying key issues for patients is central to assessing treatment for cancer, especially when evaluating health-related quality of life (QL) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This study was conducted to provide enhanced content validity support by incorporating the views of a large number of patients with breast cancer. This methodological study used an anonymous, cross-sectional, electronic web-based survey of 1072 patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Patients ranked the importance of 21 issues on a 5-point scale. Issues included general, physical, functional, psychosocial, and summative items. Analysis was also performed by four key factors (age group, time since diagnosis, adjuvant treatment or not, and tumor extent). All of the top five issues rated as either “very important” or “important” were global issues—rather than symptoms—such as maintaining quality of life (ranked in these two highest categories by 99 % of patients), maintaining independence (97 %), and ability to perform normal activities (97 %). The abilities to concentrate and to be able to sleep (97 and 96 %, respectively) were ranked above specific breast cancer symptoms. Specific symptoms included within the top ten highest ranked items were fatigue, depression, anxiety, shortness of breath, and pain. This is the largest analysis of evidence-based data determining support for content validity for QL and PROs provided by patients with breast cancer. While symptoms are important to patients, the survey also demonstrates that PRO measures that only evaluate symptoms are not fully responding to patient-expressed needs. These results provide confidence in the content of quality of life measures for large groups of patients with breast cancer, including the new Breast Cancer Symptom Scale (BCSS) questionnaire.
Separable codes for read-out of mouse primary visual cortex across attentional states

Abstract Attentional modulation of neuronal activity in sensory cortex could alter perception by enhancing the local representation of attended stimuli or its behavioral read-out downstream. We tested these hypotheses using a task in which mice are cued on interleaved trials to attend visual or auditory targets. Neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) that encode task stimuli have larger visually-evoked responses when attention is directed toward vision. To determine whether the attention-dependent changes in V1 reflect changes in representation or read-out, we decoded task stimuli and choices from population activity. Surprisingly, both visual and auditory choices can be decoded from V1, but decoding takes advantage of unique activity patterns across modalities. Furthermore, decoding of choices, but not stimuli, is impaired when attention is directed toward the opposite modality. The specific effect on choice suggests behavioral improvements with attention are largely due to targeted read-out of the most informative V1 neurons.
Associations between chronic pain, analgesic use and physical therapy among adults living with HIV in Atlanta, Georgia: a retrospective cohort study

Chronic pain - widely classified as pain lasting longer than 3 months - has emerged as a treatment priority among people living with HIV (PLHIV), and has been associated with decreased patient retention in HIV primary care. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the changes in self-reported pain scores and analgesic usage for HIV-positive adults with chronic pain enrolled at a large, urban HIV clinic in Atlanta, Georgia, USA who received a physical therapy (PT) intervention compared with a demographically matched cohort who did not receive PT. Retrospective data was collected from patients' charts who received PT, and from patients' charts who did not receive PT during the time period. Patients who had received PT were referred by their primary HIV providers at the clinic, but were not recruited specifically for study purposes. Results revealed that among patients who received PT interventions, the majority (93.5%) reported a decrease or total elimination of pain. In addition, all of the patients who received PT reported decreased analgesic use, with the exception of opioids, which remained unchanged. Among patients who did not receive PT intervention, there was an overall increase in analgesic usage in all medication categories including opioids. The majority of the non-PT group (74%) reported increased or unchanged pain over the study period. In a non-randomized sample of HIV-positive adults at one HIV clinic, PT intervention appears to be an effective, non-pharmacological method to decrease chronic pain and analgesic use in selected persons living with HIV.
A human centered approach to design a diet app for patients with metabolic syndrome

Background: The objective of this study was to utilize a human-centered approach in designing a diet app that would assist in management of patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A convenience sample of 10 dietetic interns (DIs) who were attending their informatics rotation at the City University of New York School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY GSPHHP) were recruited during October 2017. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, the DIs received a tutorial on the use of human-centered approach in designing mobile health applications. In phase 2, the DIs were provided a case study for which they designed an app for patients to manage metabolic syndrome using a human centered approach. The goal of phase 2 was to identify the features that were believed to be most important when designing this metabolic syndrome app. An initial questionnaire was administered to the DIs to gather information on their socio-demographics, prior training in nutrition, smart phone usage, perceptions about food logs, and calorie intake calculations. Subsequent questionnaires gathered information from the DIs on their preferred diet app components, app features, rankings of the features, and mock representations of the diet app with the selected features. Results: The DIs were enrolled in the supervised practice component of their training to be Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs). Fifty percent of them had previously worked in a nutrition-related field. One-third of them were currently using a nutrition app. The top five features of the proposed diet app which the DIs identified as very important included (I) personalization of the app based on user preferences (80%, n=8); (II) disease specific education tips (90%, n=9); (III) ability to track progress (80%; n=8); (IV) reminders (70%, n=7) and (V) reinforcement based on user feedback (50%, n=5). In translating the identified features into functional requirements, majority of the DIs felt that the five key features identified should incorporate the following components: (I) personalization of the app should comprise information on medical factors, personal information, personal preferences, and recording weights; (II) disease specific educational tips should comprise information on food selections, low sodium options, and recipes for diabetes; (III) tracking progress should comprise features for storing audio files, viewing previous logs and uploading photos into a library; (IV) reminders should comprise daily messages to the users from the app; and (V) reinforcement should comprise provisions to enter motivational messages. Conclusions: Our study lends support to the need for utilizing human-centered design (HCD) approaches in developing e-health dietary apps as well other non-diet related apps. App developers are encouraged to incorporate user characteristics, needs and preferences using a HCD framework that will allow for reproducibility, tailoring, user satisfaction, and effectiveness assessments.
Contributions of artifactual materials to the toxicity of anthropogenic soils and street dusts in a highly urbanized terrain.

Abstract A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the presence of fly ash and other artifactual materials (AMs) significantly increases the toxicity of urban soil and street dust. AMs were distinguished as artifacts (artificial particles > 2 mm in size), and particulate artifacts (≤2 mm in size); street dust was the 500 mg kg−1 were sporadically toxic. Thus, these results argue against street dust as the local cause of seasonally elevated blood-Pb levels in children. Lead-bearing home site soil tracked directly indoors to form house dust is an alternative exposure pathway.
B l 4 and D l 4 decay

We consider the predictions of chiral perturbation theory and heavy-quark symmetry for the decays $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\pi}\overline{l}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}$, $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\overline{l}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{l}$, $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}l{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{l}$ and $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D\ensuremath{\pi}l{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{l}(l=e or \ensuremath{\mu})$.
A “Fuzzy” Like Button Can Decrease Echo Chamber Effect

One of the big problems of the US political life is the echo chamber effect—in spite of the abundance of materials on the web, many people only read materials confirming their own opinions. The resulting polarization often deadlocks the political situation and prevents politicians from reaching compromises needed to make needed changes. In this paper, we show, on a simplified model, that the echo chamber effect can be decreased if we simply replace the currently prevalent binary (yes-no) Like button on webpages with a more gradual (“fuzzy”) one—a button that will capture the relative degree of likeness.
Hyperfine and quadrupole interactions for Dy isotopes in DyPc2 molecules.

Nuclear spin levels play an important role in understanding magnetization dynamics and implementation and control of quantum bits in lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets. We investigate the hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole interactions for 161Dy and 163Dy nuclei in anionic DyPc2 (Pc = phthalocyanine) single-molecule magnets, using multiconfigurational ab initio methods (beyond density-functional theory) including spin-orbit interaction. The two isotopes of Dy are chosen because the others have zero nuclear spin. Both isotopes have the nuclear spin I = 5/2, although the magnitude and sign of the nuclear magnetic moment differ from each other. The large energy gap between the electronic ground and first-excited Kramers doublets, allows us to map the microscopic hyperfine and quadrupole interaction Hamiltonian onto an effective Hamiltonian with an electronic pseudo-spin [Formula: see text] that corresponds to the ground Kramers doublet. Our ab initio calculations show that the coupling between the nuclear spin and electronic orbital angular momentum contributes the most to the hyperfine interaction and that both the hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole interactions for 161Dy and 163Dy nuclei are much smaller than those for the 159Tb nucleus in TbPc2 single-molecule magnets. The calculated separations of the electronic-nuclear levels are comparable to experimental data reported for 163DyPc2. We demonstrate that hyperfine interaction for the Dy Kramers ion leads to tunnel splitting (or quantum tunneling of magnetization) at zero field. This effect does not occur for TbPc2 single-molecule magnets. The magnetic field values of the avoided level crossings for 161DyPc2 and 163DyPc2 are found to be noticeably different, which can be observed from the experiment.
Time Series Modeling for Phenotypic Prediction and Phenotype-Genotype Mapping Using Neural Networks

Image-based high throughput plant phenotyping refers to the process of computing phenotypes non-destructively by analyzing images of plants captured at regular time intervals. The non-invasive measurements of phenotypes at multiple timestamps during a plant’s life cycle provides the motivation to extend the application of time series modeling in the field of phenomic research to (1) predict phenotypes for missing imaging days or for a time in the future based on analyzing past measurements; (2) predict a derived or composite phenotype from its one or more constituents and (3) bridge the phenotype-genotype gap to contribute in the study of improved crop breeding and understanding the genetic regulation of temporal variation of phenotypes. The paper uses long short-term memory, a variant of recurrent neural networks, for phenotype-genotype mapping, while autoregressive neural networks, autoregressive neural network with exogenous input and non-linear input output neural networks are used for phenotypic prediction. The experimental analyses on the benchmark dataset called Phenoseries dataset show the efficacy and future prospects of this foundational study.
P4.003 The complexity of supervision: impact of parental supervision style on children’s risk-taking

Background Active supervision to prevent child injury encompasses close proximity, full attention, and continuous monitoring (Saluja et al, 2004). Absent components may increase injury risk. We examined the impact of supervision and supervision styles on children’s risk-taking. Methods 59 children aged 4–6 years (Mage=5.47, SD=.47) engaged in an activity room with hazards (e.g., ball pit) for ten minutes (supervised, then unsupervised). Parents completed questionnaires while ‘supervising,’ creating poor attention/non-continuous monitoring. Children also responded to 12 illustrated risk-taking activities (6 pairs, split between unsupervised/actively supervised), indicating preferred engagement in risks. To assess supervision style, parents completed the PSAPQ (Morrongiello & House, 2004), which includes four scales: supervision (keep close watch), protectiveness (strong sense of responsibility), fate (injuries are bad luck; excluded from analyses given focus), and risk-tolerance (encourage independence). Results Activity Room: Children took similar risks when supervised (.34±.27) and unsupervised (.30±.24), t(59)=-1.10. Bivariate correlations revealed greater risk-taking with more protective/supervision-oriented parents. Multiple linear regression predicting supervised play from PSAPQ scales was significant, F(3,53)=4.90, p Illustrations Children took fewer risks when supervised (2.29±1.55) than unsupervised (1.80±1.71), t(59)=2.81, p Conclusion These findings support crucialness of active parental supervision for child injury prevention, and safe risk-involved exploration for child development. Inattentive supervision may increase risk. Learning Outcomes Parental supervision quality and type impacts children’s risk-taking.
Sustained Earnings and Revenue Growth, Earnings Quality, and Earnings Response Coefficients

We show that firms reporting sustained increases in both earnings and revenues have (1) higher quality earnings and (2) larger earnings response coefficients (ERCs) in comparison to firms reporting sustained increases in earnings alone. With respect to earnings quality, firms with revenue-supported increases in earnings have more persistent earnings, exhibit less susceptibility to earnings management, and have higher future operating performance. With respect to response coefficients, firms with revenue-supported increases in earnings have both higher ERCs and lower book value response coefficients, consistent with the implications of the Ohlson (1995) model.