cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific associations between cerebrovascular blood pressure autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury in neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia.

Cardiopulmonary injury is common in neonatal encephalopathy, but the link with cerebrovascular dysfunction is unknown. We hypothesized that alterations of cerebral autoregulation are associated with cardiopulmonary injury in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal encephalopathy. The cerebral hemoglobin volume index (HVx) from near-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with optimal autoregulatory vasoreactivity (MAPOPT). We measured associations between MAP relative to MAPOPT and indicators of cardiopulmonary injury (duration of mechanical respiratory support and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), milrinone, or steroids). We identified associations between cerebrovascular autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury that were often sex-specific. Greater MAP deviation above MAPOPT was associated with shorter duration of intubation in boys but longer ventilatory support in girls. Greater MAP deviation below MAPOPT related to longer intensive care stay in boys. Milrinone was associated with greater MAP deviation below MAPOPT in girls. MAP deviation from MAPOPT may relate to cardiopulmonary injury after neonatal encephalopathy, and sex may modulate this relationship. Whereas MAP above MAPOPT may protect the brain and lungs in boys, it may be related to cardiopulmonary injury in girls. Future studies are needed to characterize the role of sex in these associations.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Liver Metastases: Background and Clinical Evidence

Metastatic liver disease arises most commonly in colorectal, lung, and breast cancers [1]. Modern radiation techniques enable safe delivery of high dose radiation with ablative intent. The data is reviewed in this chapter.
HyperLogLog Hyperextended: Sketches for Concave Sublinear Frequency Statistics

One of the most common statistics computed over data elements is the number of distinct keys. A thread of research pioneered by Flajolet and Martin three decades ago culminated in the design of optimal approximate counting sketches, which have size that is double logarithmic in the number of distinct keys and provide estimates with a small relative error. Moreover, the sketches are composable, and thus suitable for streamed, parallel, or distributed computation. We consider here all statistics of the frequency distribution of keys, where a contribution of a key to the aggregate is concave and grows (sub)linearly with its frequency. These fundamental aggregations are very common in text, graphs, and logs analysis and include logarithms, low frequency moments, and cap statistics. We design composable sketches of double-logarithmic size for all concave sublinear statistics. Our design combines theoretical optimality and practical simplicity. In a nutshell, we specify tailored mapping functions of data elements to output elements so that our target statistics on the data elements is approximated by the (max-) distinct statistics of the output elements, which can be approximated using off-the-shelf sketches. Our key insight is relating these target statistics to the complement Laplace transform of the input frequencies.
The importance of parameterization when simulating the hydrologic response of vegetative land-cover change

Abstract. Computer models of hydrologic systems are frequently used to investigate the hydrologic response of land-cover change. If the modeling results are used to inform resource-management decisions, then providing robust estimates of uncertainty in the simulated response is an important consideration. Here we examine the importance of parameterization, a necessarily subjective process, on uncertainty estimates of the simulated hydrologic response of land-cover change. Specifically, we applied the soil water assessment tool (SWAT) model to a 1.4 km2 watershed in southern Texas to investigate the simulated hydrologic response of brush management (the mechanical removal of woody plants), a discrete land-cover change. The watershed was instrumented before and after brush-management activities were undertaken, and estimates of precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration (ET) are available; these data were used to condition and verify the model. The role of parameterization in brush-management simulation was evaluated by constructing two models, one with 12 adjustable parameters (reduced parameterization) and one with 1305 adjustable parameters (full parameterization). Both models were subjected to global sensitivity analysis as well as Monte Carlo and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) conditioning to identify important model inputs and to estimate uncertainty in several quantities of interest related to brush management. Many realizations from both parameterizations were identified as behavioral in that they reproduce daily mean streamflow acceptably well according to Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, percent bias, and coefficient of determination. However, the total volumetric ET difference resulting from simulated brush management remains highly uncertain after conditioning to daily mean streamflow, indicating that streamflow data alone are not sufficient to inform the model inputs that influence the simulated outcomes of brush management the most. Additionally, the reduced-parameterization model grossly underestimates uncertainty in the total volumetric ET difference compared to the full-parameterization model; total volumetric ET difference is a primary metric for evaluating the outcomes of brush management. The failure of the reduced-parameterization model to provide robust uncertainty estimates demonstrates the importance of parameterization when attempting to quantify uncertainty in land-cover change simulations.
Joint Transmit and Receive Beamforming for Hybrid Active–Passive Radar

We consider a new hybrid radar paradigm consisting of an active array and a passive array. In this hybrid system, the radar transmits a probing signal from its active array and receives two types of echoes: One is the return from the cooperative active transmission and the other is the target return due to transmission from noncooperative illuminators of opportunity. The motivation for this approach is to exploit not only the active signal but also any passive signals that are present in the surveillance area, thereby maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed concept can achieve a significant improvement of the output SINR, compared with conventional methods for active-only or passive-only radar systems.
Career Maturity in Grade 9: Can Students Who Make Appropriate Career Choices for Others also Make Appropriate Career Choices for Themselves?.

The authors investigated the relationship between ninth-graders' ability to make appropriate career choices for others and their ability to make appropriate career choices for themselves.
Alcohol Use and Drinking Motives Among Sanctioned and Nonsanctioned Students

This study examined differences in the relationship of drinking motives to drinking behavior among sanctioned and nonsanctioned 1st-year students (N = 298). Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that for both sanctioned and nonsanctioned students, alcohol use was predicted by social and enhancement motives, and alcohol-related consequences were predicted by social, enhancement, and coping motives. High levels of conformity motives predicted alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences for sanctioned students only. Counseling implications are discussed.
A 1Mb 28nm STT-MRAM with 2.8ns read access time at 1.2V VDD using single-cap offset-cancelled sense amplifier and in-situ self-write-termination

1T1R spin-transfer-torque (STT) MRAM is a promising candidate for next-generation high-density embedded non-volatile memory [1-2]. However, 1T1R STT-MRAM suffers from limited sensing margin and high write power. As shown in Fig. 30.2.1(a), sense amplifier design is challenging due to the small difference (only 2x) between the high-resistance state (R AP ) and the low-resistance state (R P ), as well as R AP degradation with increasing temperature. Moreover, R P and R AP resistance distributions shift with process variation, requiring a read reference (V ref ) that tracks process. To improve the sensing margin, several offset-cancellation methods have been reported to reduce sense amplifier mismatch [3]. However, these methods use multiple capacitors and hence incur significant area overheads. To address this issue, we propose an offset-cancelled sense amplifier that uses only a single capacitor to significantly improve the sensing margin by more than 60%. A second design challenge for STT-MRAM stems from the high current needed to flip a cell during a write operation. For non-volatile memory applications with a 10-year retention time requirement, the write current can be as high as several hundred μA. However, as shown in Fig. 30.2.1(b), the required write time varies with the state change required (0→1 or 1→0), process variation, and temperature. As a result, a fixed write time that ensures successful write for all conditions wastes a significant energy for typical or average conditions. We propose an in situ write-self-termination method to reduce write energy in most scenarios. The sense amplifier is reconfigured to continuously monitor the write operation and automatically shuts off the write drivers when the state transition is detected, without an area or timing penalty. In addition, dual dummy columns are added in each array to provide read V ref tracking of row-wise PVT variation. A 1Mb STT-MRAM was fabricated in 28nm technology, and achieves a 2.8ns read-access time at 25°C and 3.6ns at 120°C, respectively. With in-situ self-write-termination the write power is reduced by 47% with a 20ns write-access time at 25°C and by 60% at 120°C.
Modelling Human Behaviour in Agent-Based Models

The modelling of human behaviour is not at all obvious. First, humans are not random. Second, humans are diverse in their knowledge and abilities. Third, besides being controlled by rational decision-making, human behaviour is also emotional. This chapter attempts to present principles driving human behaviour and reviews current approaches to modelling human behaviour.
Carbon Dynamics Following the Creation of Early Successional Habitats in Forests of the Central Hardwood Region

Across a forested landscape, stand-level management actions or natural disturbances that create early successional habitats result in a short-term loss of carbon in any given stand, but are often offset by carbon gains in other, undisturbed stands. Standing carbon stocks and rates of sequestration vary with species, site productivity, stand age, and stand structure. The age distribution of forest stands has a particularly large effect on landscape-level carbon storage. Consequently, forest management activities, including creation of early successional habitats, have short-term implications for stand-level carbon storage, but their impact on forest- or landscape-level carbon storage ultimately depends upon the temporal distribution and spatial scale of young forest stands on the landscape.
On Modeling Some Aspects of Higher Level Vision

This paper outlines several intertwined modeling projects concerning various aspects of higher level vision. A model of visual priming is presented, followed by an account of “top down” visual expectation or hypothesis testing as a kind of self-priming, closely associated with the calling up of visual imagery. Several preprocessing mechanisms are then introduced that might account for the relative ease with which we can identify objects and patterns independently of viewpoint.
Economía política e interdependencia compleja en el sistema de guerra en Siria

La duracion de las guerras civiles ha sido un area de estudio elusiva, particularmente debido a la dificil tarea de dilucidar la interaccion entre el agenciamiento de los actores, las estructuras de incentivos y las restricciones a las que se enfrentan dichos actores. Este articulo aborda la guerra civil de Siria, la cual ha completado su quinto ano con pocas esperanzas de una pronta finalizacion. Se examino aqui una posible causa de su prolongacion, a saber, la formacion de un sistema de guerra que hizo que los costos de la guerra fueran menores comparados con los riesgos que se esperaban de un acuerdo de paz, dados los costos asumidos por los actores locales, regionales e internacionales. El acercamiento a estos asuntos a traves del concepto de sistema de guerra combina un analisis de clase con un analisis de sistema estructural, capturando asi los matices y las dinamicas del conflicto. Este articulo se basa, en fuentes primarias recolectadas por el autor durante los veranos de 2014 y 2015 en Libano.
Rhythms of Recovery: Trauma, Nature, and the Body

The classic edition of Rhythms of Recovery sheds light on rhythm, one of the most important components of our survival and well-being. It governs the patterns of our sleep and respiration and is profoundly tied to our relationships with friends and family. But what happens when these rhythms are disrupted by traumatic events? Can balance be restored, and if so, how? What insights do eastern, natural, and modern western healing traditions have to offer, and how can practitioners put these lessons to use? Is it possible to do this in a way that’s culturally sensitive, multidisciplinary, and grounded in research? Rhythms of Recovery examines and answers these questions and provides clinicians with effective, time-tested tools for alleviating the destabilizing effects of traumatic events. It also explores integrative medicine, East/West medicine, herbal medicine, psychedelic medicine, complex trauma, yoga, and somatic and feminist therapies. For practitioners and students interested in integrating the insights of complementary/alternative medicine and 21st-century science, this deeply appealing book is an ideal guide.
Editorial: Using Parents' Past to Predict Children's Future: Parental History of Mental Disorders as a Predictor of Outcomes in Children With Disruptive Behavior.

Numerous studies show that children with conduct problems are at risk for experiencing poor economic, social, and health outcomes as they grow older. Risk for poor outcomes is particularly high for children who first display conduct problems at a young age, before age 10 years. However, even among this high-risk group of children, there is considerable heterogeneity in life outcomes. Approximately one-third of children with early-onset conduct problems will follow a trajectory of life-course persistent antisocial behavior, along with marked functional impairment.1 The remaining children appear to "grow out of" their problem behavior, and achieve relatively good outcomes.1 This observation creates a challenge for interventionists: if the presence of conduct problems and their age-of-onset cannot distinguish between children with different prognoses, how does one identify who is most in need of treatment? To answer this question, knowledge is needed about factors that predict differential outcomes among children with early-onset conduct problems. The study by Roetman et al.2 in this issue of the Journal examines one such potential factor: parental history of mental disorders.
Undergraduate research and science mission opportunities with microtechnology enabled particle detectors

A collaborative research effort between the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) and the Space Physics and the Atmospheric Research Center (SPARC), located at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), has resulted in the development of a suite of miniaturized electrostatic analyzers (ESAs). This research effort is currently on the development of fifth generation charged particle detectors which include the Flat Plasma Spectrometer (FlaPS) and Canary, which have flight heritage, and the Energetic Electrostatic Analyzer (EESA) which is currently at the laboratory prototype stage. The implementation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to fabricate the silicon wafer sensor heads used in the ESA design has enabled the development of plasma spectrometers that are low mass and consume little power, while still maintaining the performance capability of current state-of-the art instruments. This shift towards the aggressive miniaturization of charged particle detectors, coupled with the increasing capability of ever smaller satellite vehicles, has led to an increase in science mission opportunities. Through the course of this research program the cadets working at the SPARC have been engaged across a broad range of academic disciplines such as physics, computer science, astronautics, electrical and mechanical engineering. This program has allowed undergraduate students to participate in advanced research as they develop into the next generation of scientists and engineers.
Tensile and flexural behaviors of additively manufactured continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites

Abstract Continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CCFRP) composites are lightweight and strong materials that have been used in a wide range of applications in automotive and aerospace industries. Traditional manufacturing processes (e.g., lay-up and out of autoclave techniques) are not capable of fabricating complex composites. Additive manufacturing (AM) has been increasingly used to fabricate composites with complex geometries. In this study, CCFRP with concentric and isotropic carbon fiber infill patterns were additively manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The microstructures of CCFRP composites with both infill patterns were characterized by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The void density was characterized for infill, solid and carbon fiber regions. Four-point flexural tests and tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon fiber concentration and infill patterns on both tensile and flexural behaviors. A stiffness averaging method was used to model the elastic behavior of CCFRP samples with different microstructures by taking into account porosity in infill, solid and carbon fiber bundles. Experimental results have shown that the specimens with the concentric carbon fiber infill pattern exhibit better flexural strength and energy absorption capability than those with the isotropic carbon fiber infill pattern. As carbon fiber concentration and the number of fiber rings increase, the flexural strength of the CCFRP composite increases. The specimen with 48.72 wt% carbon fibers showed the highest flexural strength of 270.63 MPa. In comparison with chopped carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites, the flexural strength of the CCFRP specimen was increased by 40%. The predicted elastic moduli are in good agreement with experimental data.
Reflux and Failure to Thrive

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease that can cause significant impairment in quality of life It is imperative to take measures to eliminate or control inflammation in EoE for both symptomatic relief and the prevention of esophageal strictures Patient history, and not cutaneous allergy testing, is the most useful source of information to determine if a patient requires endoscopic evaluation for EoE
‘Craven subserviency had vanished. Bitter hostility had arrived’: agrarian violence and the Tenant League on the Ulster borderlands, 1849–52

On the Ulster borderlands, the years 1849 to 1852 represented a crucial period in the development of a correlation between agrarian violence and constitutional political agitation. The emergence of the Tenant League in the region from 1848, along with a parallel clandestine violence from 1849, foreshadowed the better-known Land War of the latter part of the nineteenth century. This article analyses the hitherto unacknowledged interplay between agrarian violence and constitutional politics in south Armagh and surrounding districts. In so doing, it emphasises the years in the immediate wake of the Great Famine as being critical in the long-term development of more politicised forms of collective action. Such methods, in turn, would ultimately be deployed to the detriment of the landed ascendancy in subsequent decades.
Culturally Responsive Classroom Management in the General Music Class: Building Connections With Families, Part 2:

Culturally responsive teaching and culturally responsive pedagogy are some of the more heartening trends in music education and the increasingly pluralistic classrooms in which we teach. However, i...
Toward being nobody's darling: a womanist reframing of school climate

This article demonstrates how (bad) girl performances rupture the inherently violent logic undergirding exclusionary discipline through the schooling experiences of five Black girls on probation. I...
Preoperative Hip Extension Strength Is an Independent Predictor of Achieving Clinically Significant Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Background:The effect of preoperative hip strength on outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ...
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type: The Mayo Clinic experience.

e20044Background: Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Leg-type (PCDLBCL) is a rare lymphoma comprising 4% of all cutaneous lymphomas with an aggressive clinical course. We investigated...
Investigating Heritability Across Resting State Brain Networks Via Heat Kernel Smoothing on Persistence Diagrams

The brain’s heritable topological differences in resting state functional connectivity (rsfc) measured via resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) provide important insight into brain function and dysfunction. Current techniques investigating heritability are limited by arbitrary rsfc threshold selection and reduction of otherwise detailed brain topological properties into summary measures. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is a novel tool for addressing these limitations by analyzing how the topological properties of data vary without arbitrary threshold and summary metric construction. TDA applies a filtration to the data and constructs a persistence diagram (PD). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compute PDs to determine TDAbased heritability of static brain network topological features. To this end, we calculated a robust heritability index map across smoothed PDs derived from twin rsfMRI data.
VEGF-A splice variants bind VEGFRs with differential affinities

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its binding to VEGFRs is an important angiogenesis regulator, especially the earliest-known isoform, VEGF-A165a. Yet several additional splice variants play prominent roles in regulating angiogenesis in health and in vascular disease, including VEGF-A121 and an anti-angiogenic variant, VEGF-A165b. Few studies have attempted to distinguish these forms from their angiogenic counterparts, experimentally. Previous studies of VEGF-A:VEGFR binding have measured binding kinetics for VEGFA165 and VEGF-A121, but binding kinetics of the other two pro- and all anti-angiogenic splice variants are not known. We measured the binding kinetics for VEGF-A165, -A165b, and -A121 with VEGFR1 and VEGF-R2 using surface plasmon resonance. We validated our methods by reproducing the known affinities between VEGF-A165a:VEGFR1 and VEGF-A165a:VEGFR2, 1.0 pM and 10 pM respectively, and validated the known affinity VEGF-A121:VEGFR2 as KD = 0.66 nM. We found that VEGF-A121 also binds VEGFR1 with an affinity KD = 3.7 nM. We further demonstrated that the anti-angiogenic variant, VEGF-A165b selectively prefers VEGFR2 binding at an affinity = 0.67 pM while binding VEGFR1 with a weaker affinity—KD = 1.4 nM. These results suggest that the − A165b anti-angiogenic variant would preferentially bind VEGFR2. These discoveries offer a new paradigm for understanding VEGF-A, while further stressing the need to take care in differentiating the splice variants in all future VEGF-A studies.
Extending a Hand in Perilous Times: Beneficial Immigration Policy in the Fifty States, 2005–2012

Objective The passage of Arizona SB 1070 in 2010 focused national attention on punitive, state‐level immigration legislation. Largely ignored is the increasing number of beneficial, state‐level policies passed during the same period. We seek to understand whether beneficial immigration policy making amounts to reversing the factors underlying punitive immigration policy making, as is implied by current literature. Methods We utilize data from the National Conference of State Legislatures from 2005 to 2012 to uncover the puzzling enactment of beneficial state immigration laws during a period of high anti‐immigrant sentiment and budgetary declines in the 50 states. Results Beneficial immigration policy making is not a reversal of the process that underlines punitive immigration policy making and is particularly responsive to the need generated by immigrant population size, regardless of the documentation status of the beneficiary. Conclusion The passage of beneficial immigration policies requires further analysis, as it is not as simple as reversing the process that produces punitive immigration policies.
Methodological Approaches Frame Insights into Endophyte Richness and Community Composition

Isolating microbes is vital to study microbiomes, but insights into microbial diversity and ecology can be constrained by recalcitrant or unculturable strains. Culture-free methods (e.g., next-generation sequencing, NGS) have become popular in part because they detect greater richness than culturing alone. Both approaches are used widely to characterize microfungi within healthy leaves (foliar endophytes), but methodological differences among studies can constrain large-scale insights into endophyte ecology. We examined endophytes in a temperate plant community to quantify how certain methodological factors, such as the choice of cultivation media for culturing and storage period after leaf collection, affect inferences regarding endophyte communities; how such effects vary among plant taxa; and how complementary culturing and NGS can be when subsets of the same plant tissue are used for each. We found that endophyte richness and composition from culturing were consistent across five media types. Insights from culturing and NGS were largely robust to differences in storage period (1, 5, and 10 days). Although endophyte richness, composition, and taxonomic diversity identified via culturing vs. NGS differed markedly, both methods revealed host-structured communities. Studies differing only in cultivation media or storage period thus can be compared to estimate endophyte richness, composition, and turnover at scales larger than those of individual studies alone. Our data show that it is likely more important to sample more host species, rather than sampling fewer species more intensively, to quantify endophyte diversity in given locations, with the richest insights into endophyte ecology emerging when culturing and NGS are paired.
Prolonged Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection in Outpatients

We review 127 encounters for polymerase chain reaction-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection at a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic. We describe the symptomatology, time course, exam, and radiographic findings in this population. Patients with COVID-19 can experience persistent symptoms, primarily respiratory in nature, which can be severe enough to warrant hospitalization.
Abstract 874: Predicted leukocyte telomere length and risk of germ cell tumors

Genetically predicted leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been evaluated in a number of studies of childhood and adult cancer, with evidence that longer predicted LTL is associated with increased cancer risk. We use Mendelian Randomization (MR) to test whether genetically predicted LTL is associated with germ cell tumors (GCT) in pediatric, adolescent, and adult cases using six SNPs that are validated predictors of LTL. A seventh SNP in the validated genetic predictor of LTL, rs2736100, a variant on TERT, is associated with adult testicular GCT (TGCT); therefore, in our overall analysis, we removed this SNP to avoid violating MR assumptions. Pediatric GCT samples were obtained from a Children9s Oncology Group study and state biobank programs in Michigan and California. Genotyping array data were generated using the Illumina HumanCoreExome Beadchip. For each SNP, we estimated main effects for pediatric GCT within 610 complete case-parent trios using the transmission disequilibrium test. We did the same in an independent case-control dataset of 803 pediatric cases and 1,022 controls stratified by ancestry using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sex, ancestry-specific principal components (PCs), and study site. Effect estimates were meta-analyzed and used to perform the MR analyses. In a separate sample of 396 cases and 1,589 matched controls from the UK Biobank, genotyping array data was used to evaluate the association between a polygenic risk score capturing genetically predicted LTL and TGCT in men Citation Format: Shannon S. Cigan, Ava C. Kelley, John J. Meredith, Erica K. Langer, Anthony J. Hooten, John A. Lane, Benjamin R. Cole, Nathan Pankratz, Jenny Poynter. Predicted leukocyte telomere length and risk of germ cell tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 874.
Posttraumatic stress symptom clusters differentially predict late positive potential to cocaine imagery cues in trauma-exposed adults with cocaine use disorder

Abstract Background While studies have investigated the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on substance use, information on these associations in the context of drug cue reactivity is lacking, which can provide meaningful information about risk for relapse. The current study assessed the associations between PTSD symptom clusters and reactivity to cues in trauma-exposed adults with cocaine use disorder. Methods We recorded electroencephalogram on 52 trauma-exposed participants (Mage = 51.3; SD = 7.0; 15.4 % women) diagnosed with cocaine use disorder while they viewed pleasant (i.e., erotic, romantic, sweet foods), unpleasant (i.e., mutilations, violence, accidents), neutral, and cocaine-related images. Reactivity was measured with the late positive potential (LPP), an indicator of motivational relevance. It was hypothesized that individuals with greater PTSD avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood (NACM) symptoms, as determined by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), would have higher LPPs to cocaine-related images, indicating greater cue reactivity. Results Linear mixed modeling indicated that higher NACM symptomatology was associated with higher LPPs to cocaine cues and higher arousal/reactivity was associated with lower LPPs to cocaine cues. Conclusions These results highlight the potential clinical utility of the LPP in assessing drug cue reactivity in trauma-exposed adults with substance use disorder.
Carcinoma of the pancreas: Detection and staging using CT and MRI

Our ability to diagnose pancreatic carcinoma has improved substantially over the past 20 years, owing to major advances in pancreatic imaging, including the development of US, CT and MRI. Despite these advances, however, the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer remains dismal. The overall 5-year survival rate is only 3%[1], although the 5-year survival rate for patients who undergo pancreatic resection is reported to be approximately 20%[2–4]. Because of the very poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma, many physicians take a nihilistic approach to its diagnosis and staging. It is important to keep in mind, however, that a large percentage of patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo laparotomy for possible curative resection are found to have unresectable disease. Thus, optimization of pre-operative imaging is important in order to reduce the percentage of patients who are unnecessarily subjected to laparotomy.
A Soft Real-Time Agent-based Peer-to-Peer Architecture

As computers become more pervasive and communication technologies advance, a new generation of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are increasingly becoming popular for real-time communication, ad-hoc collaboration and resource sharing in large-scale distributed systems. In this paper we present an agent-based peer-to-peer architecture that provides soft real-time guarantees to distributed tasks in peer-to-peer systems. The architecture exploits the urgency of the tasks, the objects at the peers and the resource utilization of the nodes, to dynamically determine an efficient schedule for the distributed activities. The mechanism uses only local knowledge and is entirely distributed and therefore scales well with the size of the system.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy

Most literature on pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is retrospective and selective. This report is a detailed, prospective analysis of 13 pregnancies in eight women with SLE. Pregnancy was best tolerated by mothers without significant nephropathy or cardiopathy who had been in clinical remission for more than three months prior to conception. Management was aided by serial evaluation of complement (C3 and C4) levels and careful supervision of immunosuppressive therapy when indicated. Although fetal status was closely monitored, premature deliveries and spontaneous abortions occurred frequently. No malformations or adverse sequelae were noted in surviving infants exposed to immunosuppressive agents during gestation.
Isotopic Abundances of Eu, Ba, and Sm in Metal-Poor Stars

We have examined the isotopic mix of the heavy neutron-capture elements Eu, Ba, and Sm in three metal-poor stars with different enrichment histories. Isotopic abundances are more fundamental than elemental abundances as probes of the contributions from the rapid and slow nucleosynthesis reactions. We show preliminary results from our study, the first to examine isotopic abundances of three elements simultaneously in the same star.
Collecting and Managing Popular Culture Material: Minor League Team Publications as “Fringe” Material at the National Baseball Hall of Fame Library

ABSTRACT Using the experience of a collecting initiative of ephemeral publications at the National Baseball Hall of Fame Library (1997–1998), the author examines the process that was undertaken in collecting, arranging, and cataloging these items at the Library. The focus of the initiative was to increase the holdings on minor league baseball by collecting team publications and ephemera, vital for documenting the history of teams and their interaction with their communities. Additionally, these incoming and existing publications were organized in a manner to provide better access to people coming to the Library. Besides providing the methods used to collect these items, the author provides lessons learned on the fragility of these initiatives, the cost in staff time to manage them, and other issues related to documenting popular culture in society.
Monotowns and the political economy of industrial restructuring in Russia

During the 2008–2009 economic crisis, Russia's monotowns – one-industry towns left from the Soviet era – gained widespread attention as potential sources of social protest and unrest. Will such worries resurface under current economic conditions? While fears about monotowns were exaggerated during the last economic crisis, Russia's leadership has reason to remain concerned. Despite the dramatic transformations of the last two decades, Russia's post-Soviet industrial landscape has largely survived intact, leaving a significant number of monotowns with unprofitable enterprises in a precarious position. Yet given its emphasis on social stability, we can expect the government to continue subsidies, both explicit and hidden, that seek to maintain employment and avoid social conflict, but that preserve the country's inefficient industrial geography.
Institutions and the Performance of Economies over Time

The discipline of economics is made up of a static body of theory that explores the efficiency of resource allocation at an instant of time and under the restrictive assumptions of frictionless markets. Recent research has explored the nature of the frictions by incorporating institutions, transaction costs, and political economy into economic analysis thereby providing the theory with a bridge to the real world of real economies. But the first constraint of static analysis severely hinders our ability to analyze and improve the performance of economies in a world of continuous change. And, in fact, the employment of static theory as a source of policy recommendation in a setting of dynamic change is a prescription for the policies producing unanticipated and undesirable results. In this essay I intend to provide an approach to the study of the process of economic change. There is still much that we do not understand about the process but this essay provides an analytical framework that does, I believe, highlight the problems that must be confronted in order to understand and improve economic performance. I first describe the intentional nature of human interaction in aworld of pervasive uncertainty (2) before going on to describe the process of economic change (3). I conclude with drawing some implications from this approach to the process of change which highlight the lacunae in our understanding of this process (4).
US consumers' knowledge of and concern with apparel sweatshops

US consumers admit they are not knowledgeable about the global apparel industry; however, they hold positive beliefs about US apparel industry labour practices. Consumers have much less regard for the foreign industry. There is a slightly higher level of concern for US workers versus foreign workers. Governmental regulations, labelling and store boycotts are agreed upon solutions for abolishing sweatshops. Implications of consumers' beliefs and attitudes to the global apparel industry and governmental policy are discussed.
The prediction of psycho‐social adjustment subsequent to Cardiac insult

Cardiovascular patients comprise a sizable proportion of the national population of the disabled. The relevant literature emphasized the importance of developing predictors of outcome in the recovery process. Evidence suggests that a matrix comprised of psychological, physiological, and sociodemographic factors is associated both with the development of and subsequent reaction to cardiac insult. In a cardiovascular patient sample, a series of predictive equations was derived that relates concurrent physiological, psychological and sociodemographic variables to a measure of later adjustment. The multiple regression equation was derived from data obtained from a sample (N = 20) of patients seen by the Cardiac Work Evaluation Unit of a large University medical center. Cross-validation indicated that the equation accounted for a large proportion of the predictable variation.
Implications of droplet nucleation to mineral dust aerosol deposition and transport

[1] Calculations from a microphysics model are shown which indicate the factors that control droplet nucleation scavenging of hydrophilic mineral dust particles over a large range of conditions including the size, chemical composition, and number density of particles in both cumulus and stratus clouds. We focus specifically on the activation threshold radius (ATR) for droplet nucleation which determines the particles that are activated and those available for further transport and subsequent iron deposition to the remote ocean. Results suggest: the ATR is typically found in the range of clay-sized particles (radius = .1 to 1. μm), a spectrum over which the amount of dust removed declines ∼60% both in surface area and particle number; nucleation of silt-sized particles (1.–10. μm) occurs under most conditions; larger fractions of mineral aerosols are removed in cumulus clouds than in stratus; and while acid coating of dust particles in polluted environments acts to decrease the ATR, the effect is reduced by competition with soluble aerosols. Regional mineral dust environments exhibit potentially diverse aerosol wet removal impacts. The ATR representative of the tropical Atlantic ocean basin ( 80% to <10%.
Explaining General Concepts About Thermal Storage

Proper applications of thermal storage can reduce system capital and operating costs, improve reliability, smooth demand profiles, and reduce environmental impact. Key concepts of energy storage are explained, using simple, familiar examples.
5-mm-resolution optical-frequency-domain reflectometry using a coded phase-reversal modulator.

Network analysis optical-frequency-domain reflectometry is demonstrated with what is to our knowledge the highest resolution reported to date (5 mm in fiber) and a dynamic range of 73 dB (electrical). The system uses a novel 13-bit Barker-coded phase-reversal optical modulator, a high-speed photodiode, and a commercial microwave vector network analyzer.
Are the Digits of π an Independent and Identically Distributed Sequence

Abstract This article searches for dependence in the decimal expansion of the number π. We systematically test whether the digits of π are k-distributed for greater and greater k. As it happens, testing whether longer and longer sequences are randomly distributed is a surprisingly interesting problem. We look at a number of approaches to testing independence and find no significant departures from uniform iid behavior in sequences up to 16 digits in length.
Theoretical Calculation of Vibrations of Adsorbed Species

The chemisorption of oxygen on Lithium, Aluminum, Nickel and Copper surfaces has been investigated using the ab initio Hartree-Fock cluster model. These substrates have the possibility for different bonding in that Li is a simple s metal, Al an s, p and Ni(Cu) an s, p, d metal. In all cases, we have calculated binding energy curves as a function of the oxygen-metal distance. Using these curves, we have derived oxygen-metal normal vibrational frequencies, and the equilibrium bond distance. We have compared the calculated vibrational energy with electron energy loss spectroscopic (EELS) data for Al and find a satisfactory agreement. We discuss O adsorbed on Ni(100) for which coverage dependent loss peaks have been reported but no generally acceptable interpretation exists to date.
A comparative power analysis of the maximum degree and size invariants for random graph inference

Abstract Let p , s ∈ ( 0 , 1 ] with s > p , let m , n ∈ N with 1 m n , and define V={1,…,n}. Let ER(n,p) denote the random graph model on V where each edge is independently included in the graph with probability p. Let κ ( n , p , m , s ) denote the random graph model on V where each edge among the m vertices {1,…,m} is independently included in the graph with probability s and all other edges are independently included with probability p. We view graphs from the ER(n,p) model as “homogeneous”: the probability of the presence of an edge is the same throughout such a graph. On the other hand, we view a graph generated by the κ model as “anomalous”; such a graph possesses increased edge probability among a certain subset of its vertices. Our inference setting is to determine whether an observed graph G is “homogeneous” (with some known p) or “anomalous”. In this article, we analyze the statistical power β of the size invariant | E ( G ) | (the number of edges in the graph) and the maximum degree invariant Δ ( G ) in detecting such anomalies. In particular, we demonstrate an interesting phenomenon when comparing the powers of these statistics: the limit theory can be at odds with the finite-sample evidence even for astronomically large graphs. For example, under certain values of p,s and m=m(n), we show that the maximum degree statistic is more powerful ( β Δ > β | E | ) for n ⩽ 10 24 while lim n → ∞ β Δ / β | E | 1 .
Water Binding Ability of Meat Products: Effect of Fat Level, Effective Salt Concentration and Cooking Temperature

This study investigated the effect of fat level (5 and 30%), effective salt (NaCl) concentration (1.33–3.73%) and cooking temperature (56–80°C) on water binding ability (WBA) of a finely comminuted meat product. When compared at the same effective salt concentration, fat level had little effect on WBA. The effective salt concentration determined the maximum temperature product could be heated to before WBA started to decrease: these temperature ranged from 57°C at the lowest salt concentration to 68°C at the highest. Salt level also determined rate at which WBA decreased with increasing temperature: rates ranged from – 1.3% per °C at the lowest salt concentration to – 0.3% per °C at the highest. Increasing effective salt concentration above 2.93% had no beneficial effect on WBA.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide generate a hydroxyl radical: possible role in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL), the monoamine oxidase (MAO) metabolites of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), respectively, are toxic to catecholamine (CA) neurons in vitro and in vivo. DOPEGAL generates a free radical and activates mitochondrial permeability transition, a mechanism implicated in neuron death. To determine if DOPAL and other DA metabolites generate the hydroxyl radical in the presence of H2O2, we used HPLC–EC to detect salicylate hydroxylation products. To determine the relative reducing capacity of DOPAL and DOPEGAL we used cyclic voltammetry to measure their reduction potentials. Results indicate that DOPAL, but not DOPEGAL, DA or other DA metabolites, generates hydroxyl radicals. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and heavy metal screening indicate that this result is not due to contamination of DOPAL with iron or other heavy metals. DOPAL reduction potential (161 mV) is lower than that of DOPEGAL (235 mV). DOPAL is present in human substantia nigra. The implications of these findings to CA neuronal death in degenerative brain diseases are discussed.