cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of single stage revision for prosthetic joint infection.

While advanced technology, increased medical knowledge and improved surgical technique has improved patient outcomes in total joint arthroplasty, prosthetic joint infection still remains one of the leading causes of increased healthcare costs, medical resources and societal burdens in orthopaedic care. Two stage arthroplasty revision remains the gold standard for treatment of prosthetic joint infection. Proponents of single stage revision arthroplasty for infection argue that it results in lower healthcare costs while improving patient reported functional outcomes and with equivalent success rates. Here we review the history of single stage revision arthroplasty, discuss the key principles, highlight the indications and contraindications, and review the reported outcomes with a focus on future developments of single stage revision arthroplasty for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections.
Quarterly trends in past-month cannabis use in the United States, 2015-2019.

Abstract Background Prevalence of cannabis use has been increasing among select subgroups in the US; however, trend analyses typically examine prevalence of use across years. We sought to determine whether there is seasonal variation in use. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated cross-sectional survey of nationally representative probability samples of noninstitutionalized populations age ≥12 in the US. Quarterly trends in any past-month cannabis use were estimated using data from 2015–2019 (N = 282,768). Results Prevalence of past-month cannabis use increased significantly from 2015 to 2019 from 8.3%–11.5%, a 38.2 % increase (P Conclusion The prevalence of cannabis use increases throughout the year, independently of annual increases.
The Rab11-Family Interacting Proteins reveal selective interaction of mammalian recycling endosomes with the Toxoplasma parasitophorous vacuole in a Rab11- and Arf6-dependent manner

Abstract After invasion of mammalian cells, the parasite Toxoplasma gondii multiplies in a self-made membrane-bound compartment, the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). We previously showed that intravacuolar Toxoplasma interacts with many host cell organelles, especially recycling endosomes, and further manipulates the host endocytic recycling through the sequestration of Rab11 vesicles into the PV. Mammalian Rab-PV interactions are likely mediated by Toxoplasma and host proteins that remain to be identified. In this context, we have examined the specificity of host Rab vesicle interaction with the PV by monitoring the recruitment of subtypes of Rab11 vesicles differing in their composition in Rab11-Family Interacting Proteins (FIPs). We found that vesicles with FIPs from Class I (FIP1C, FIP2, FIP5) or Class II (FIP3, FIP4) are distributed at the PV and detected to varying degrees inside the PV. The PV delivery of vesicles with FIPs from Class I, but not Class II, is Rab11-dependent. In addition to Rab11, FIP3 binds to Arf6, and vesicles associated with FIP3-Arf6 complexes are observed within the PV. Binding of FIP3 to either Rab11 or Arf6 significantly increases the internalization of vesicles into the PV. These data point to a selective process of host recycling endosome recognition and scavenging mediated by Toxoplasma.
Bridging the Divide: Does Social Capital Moderate the Impact of Polarization on Health?:

Rising partisan polarization in the American public over the last decade has been linked to stress and anxiety, raising questions about how communities and public health experts should respond. As ...
Multiple Modes of Communication of Young Brazilian Children: Singing, Drawing, and English Language Learning

A series of home visits with a group of Brazilian immigrant families of three and four year olds refutes the premise that financially disadvantaged immi- grant children do not receive support for their learning at home. Parents and other family members participate in developing their children's literacy skills, and were observed engaging in a variety of communicative practice, such as singing, draw- ing, or dramatic play. In this qualitative study approximately 60 home visits were conducted to observe the focal children in their daily home environments. Ob- served communicative events were coded for type of modality, such as dramatic play, singing, drawing, video, photographs, and art. Data derived from observa- tions of multimodal literacy events revealed that the greatest frequency of such lit- eracy events occurred in dramatic play. In addition, themes identifying the pur- pose of the multimodal literacy events, often related to relationship building between parent and child, as well as themes related to maintaining relationships and connections to the homeland. Implications for practitioners involve recogniz- ing the numerous multimodal literacy experiences children experience at home be- fore formal schooling, as well as the need for sensitivity on the part of teachers re- garding the importance of extended family relationships and connections to the homeland.
Symmetry and impartial lotteries

Abstract A prize is to be awarded, so each candidate designates one of his peers on a ballot. The ballots determine the lottery that selects the winner, and impartiality requires that no candidate's choice of designee impacts his own chance of winning, removing incentives for strategic ballot submission. The primary results are (1) a characterization of all impartial rules that treat agents symmetrically as voters, and (2) a characterization of all impartial rules that treat agents symmetrically as candidates. Each rule in either class may be represented as a randomization over a finite set of simple rules. These results have immediate interpretation in a second context: the division of surplus among team members. Corollaries include the constant rule impossibility of Holzman and Moulin (2013) , a new dictatorship impossibility, and the first axiomatic characterization of uniform random dictatorship.
Research Spotlight: North and south components of Saturn's radio emissions reversed

[1] Saturn is known to emit intense radio emissions at kilometer wavelengths from its auroral regions. Observations in recent years found that the Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) emission from the northern auroral region has a clocklike modulation with a period of about 10.6 hours, while the SKR emission from the southern auroral region has a period of about 10.8 hours. Analyzing more recent observations from the Cassini spacecraft, Gurnett et al. have now found that the rotational modulation rates of the southern and northern components reversed shortly after Saturn's equinox on 11 August 2009, so that the southern hemisphere SKR now has the shorter rotation period. They also analyzed data from the Ulysses spacecraft to show that a similar reversal occurred during the previous equinox, in November 1995. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL045796, 2010)
Circumventing drug delivery problems in advanced pancreatic cancer treatment

This research aims to develop an injectable polymer-based platform to enable minimally-invasive targeted delivery of drug-loaded nano particles. Studies have shown that polymer-stabilized gas microbubbles are effective in enhancing an ultrasound image, especially those involving cancerous tumors. These contrast agents can serve a dual purpose when designed to encapsulate a drug within the shell, providing both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The current gold standard treatment of non-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is gemcitabine (GEM), which is administered systemically. However, response rates are low because the tumor environment inhibits the drug, especially the stroma surrounding the tumor. We hypothesize that GEM-loaded microbubbles injected intravenously will pass through the stroma and, when exposed to ultrasound (US), will burst to form nanoshards (n-Sh) which will lodge within the pancreatic tumor tissue, undergo sustained release of encapsulated GEM, and lead to cancer cell death through targeted therapy.
Request- Response and Multicast Interprocess Communication in the V Kernel

Use of local networks to build integrated distributed systems has prompted attention to two classes of protocols, previously largely ignored. Request-response protocols provide a simple transport-level support for page-level file access and remote procedure call. Multicast protocols provide a simple, decentralized and fault-tolerant approach to naming, scheduling, data management and parallel computation. This paper describes the use of these protocols in the V kernel and experiences accumulated over the last 5 years of use.
Developing end-users' systems development competence: an exploratory study

Abstract This paper presents an approach that will increase end-user competence in systems development by a method based on Collaborative Action Learning . The primary objective of the approach is to provide a structure and process in which end-users, in real-world situations, can continously develop explicit as well as tacit knowledge of systems development. The results described here are from an exploratory study in a major research project that has, as its primary objective, the provision of an end-user collaborative action learning systems development methodology. The lessons learned from two action research case studies are summarized.
The P-Factor and Atomic Mass Systematics: Application to Medium Mass Nuclei

Recently it has been shownl that a measure of the average number of interactions of each valence nucleon with those of the other type given by the parameter P = NpNn/(Np+Nn) [where Np(Nn) are the number of valence protons (neutrons)] provides a general and physically meaningful explanation for the development of collectivity and the onset of deformation in medium and heavy nuclei. For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the energy ratio \({E_{{4^+}_1}}/{E_{{2^+}_1}}\) plotted versus P exhibits remarkedly similar behavior independent of mass region and, in all cases indicates a transition to deformation \(({E_{{4^+}_1}}/{E_{{2^+}_1}}\approx 3.0)\) when P ≈ 4–5. This rule provides a necessary condition for deformation that the nuclear ground state cannot be deformed for medium or heavy nuclei if the number of valence nucleons of either type is less than 4. Furthermore, this result was seen as a manifestation of the competition between the like nucleon pairing and p-n quadrupole interactions since the pairing strength, which is about 1 MeV and which supports sphericity, is approximately off-set by the quadrupole deformation-driving term when 4–5 valence p-n interactions (each with strength ≈ 200 keV) are present.
Spacecraft radio occultations using multiple Doppler readouts

[1] We present an innovative technique that eliminates the phase noise of the onboard frequency reference as the main limiting factor on uplink radio occultations, while allowing full utilization of the expected improvement in SNR over downlink experiments. This technique relies on conducting simultaneous uplink and downlink occultation measurements to synthesize a phase reference of quality determined by the stability of the atomic clock at the ground station, eliminating the frequency fluctuations of the onboard clock as the limiting factor. Atomic frequency standards typically have frequency stability that is about 2–3 orders of magnitude better than space-qualified state-of-the-art clocks. The quantum leap improvement in reference phase stability and, simultaneously, in measurement SNR opens the door to fundamentally new science capabilities for radio occultation observations of planetary rings and atmospheres. In particular, the improvement is expected to enhance sensitivity to tenuous target regions, to increase the dynamic range within opaque regions, and to improve the spatial resolution of mapping large- and small-scale target structures.
A Framework for Understanding the Literacy of Individuals with Visual Impairments.

This article presents a framework that explores four facets of literacy that are considered essential for understanding the literacy of individuals with visual impairments. Definitions of two level...
Different brain activity in response to emotional faces alone and augmented by contextual information

This study examined the extent to which emotional face stimuli differ from the neural reactivity associated with more ecological contextually augmented stimuli. Participants were scanned when they viewed contextually rich pictures depicting both emotional faces and context, and pictures of emotional faces presented alone. Emotional faces alone were more strongly associated with brain activity in paralimbic and social information processing regions, whereas emotional faces augmented by context were associated with increased and sustained activity in regions potentially representing increased complexity and subjective emotional experience. Furthermore, context effects were modulated by emotional intensity and valence. These findings suggest that cortical elaboration that is apparent in contextually augmented stimuli may be missed in studies of emotional faces alone, whereas emotional faces may more selectively recruit limbic reactivity.
Effect of animal sera on Bacillus anthracis Sterne spore germination and vegetative cell growth

Aims: The aims of this work were to investigate the effects of sera on B. anthracis Sterne germination and growth. Sera examined included human, monkey and rabbit sera, as well as sera from eight other species. Methods and Results: Standard dilution plate assay (with and without heat kill) was used as a measure of germination, and spectroscopy was used to measure growth. In addition, a Coulter Counter particle counter was used to monitor germination and growth based on bacterial size. Spores germinated best in foetal bovine and monkey sera, moderately with human sera and showed limited germination in the presence of rabbit or rat sera. Vegetative bacteria grew best in foetal bovine sera and moderately in rabbit sera. Human and monkey sera supported little growth of vegetative bacteria. Conclusion: The data suggested sera can have a significant impact on germination and growth of Sterne bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: These data should be considered when conducting in vitro cell culture studies and may aid in interpreting in vivo infection studies.
Characterization of cell surface and extracellular matrix remodeling of Azospirillum brasilense chemotaxis-like 1 signal transduction pathway mutants by atomic force microscopy

To compete in complex microbial communities, bacteria must sense environmental changes and adjust cellular functions for optimal growth. Chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathways are implicated in the regulation of multiple behaviors in response to changes in the environment, including motility patterns, exopolysaccharide production, and cell-to-cell interactions. In Azospirillum brasilense, cell surface properties, including exopolysaccharide production, are thought to play a direct role in promoting flocculation. Recently, the Che1 chemotaxis-like pathway from A. brasilense was shown to modulate flocculation, suggesting an associated modulation of cell surface properties. Using atomic force microscopy, distinct changes in the surface morphology of flocculating A. brasilense Che1 mutant strains were detected. Whereas the wild-type strain produces a smooth mucosal extracellular matrix after 24 h, the flocculating Che1 mutant strains produce distinctive extracellular fibril structures. Further analyses using flocculation inhibition, lectin-binding assays, and comparison of lipopolysaccharides profiles suggest that the extracellular matrix differs between the cheA1 and the cheY1 mutants, despite an apparent similarity in the macroscopic floc structures. Collectively, these data indicate that disruption of the Che1 pathway is correlated with distinctive changes in the extracellular matrix, which likely result from changes in surface polysaccharides structure and/or composition.
Human B cell alloantigens: separation from other membrane molecules by affinity chromatography

Human Ia-like alloantigens have been solubilized from membranes of B lymphoblastoid cell lines using sodium deoxycholate (DOC). They have been purified by affinity chromatography using specific rabbit antibodies bound t o an agarose column, eluting the antigen at pH 1 1 .O in the presence of 0.5 % DOC. The isolated, purified, material contained two proteins of molecular weights 35 000 and 27 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, apparently noncovalently associated with each other. The molecules were completely separated from the soluble products of the HLA-A, B and C loci and retained serological activity as measured by their capacity t o inhibit the lysis of B lymphoblastoid cell lines by B cell-specific alloantisera.
Feeding Mechanisms of Aphelenchoides Bicaudatus On Three Fungi and an Alga

A comparison of the feeding mechanisms of A. bicaudatus was made on the fungi, Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Sporobolomyces sp., Hansenula saturnus, and the alga, Stichococcus bacillaris. The nematode fed briefly and the feeding mechanism, involving an exploration and penetration phase and an ingestion phase, was similar on all four microorganisms. A. bicaudatus removed the host cell contents mechanically and no injection of glandular secretions into the cell by the nematode was observed. The nematode oriented its stylet against the cell wall at a right angle to the cell surface and only a minimal lip contact with the cell surface was necessary for penetration. Metacorporal pulsations were associated with stylet protrusion and resulted from action of its radial muscles. Duration of feeding, number of thrusts required for penetration and rate of metacorporal pulsations varied with the organism used as food. Feeding on P. terrestris, Sporobolomyces sp., H. saturnus and S. bacillaris on an average lasted for 21, 28, 4 and 5 sec, respectively. A recurrent contraction and re-elongation of the tail region caused a back and forth movement of intestinal lumen contents.
Application of the FETI method to ASCI problems—scalability results on 1000 processors and discussion of highly heterogeneous problems

We report on the application of the one-level FETI method to the solution of a class of structural problems associated with the Department of Energy's Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). We focus on numerical and parallel scalability issues,and discuss the treatment by FETI of severe structural heterogeneities. We also report on preliminary performance results obtained on the ASCI Option Red supercomputer configured with as many as one thousand processors, for problems with as many as 5 million degrees of freedom.
On Contributions at Syracuse University to the Moment Method

A survey concerning contributions of Syracuse University to the "Method of Moments" for treating problems of electromagnetics, netics, particularly electromagnetic compatibility, is presented. Subject areas encompass problems of electrostatics, thin wires and rods, conducting bodies, eigenvalue problems, random electromagnetic etic effects, and other work. Each of these pertains to a number of specific categories of problems, for which computer codes are described and sources identified. References cited number 147.
Pleiotropic effect due to targeted depletion of secretory rhoptry protein ROP2 in Toxoplasma gondii

Long after their discovery, the function and biogenesis of rhoptries remain enigmatic. In Apicomplexan parasites, these organelles discharge and their contents are exocytosed at the time of host cell invasion, and are thus proposed to play an essential role in establishing the parasitophorous vacuole. In Toxoplasma gondii, ROP2 is suspected to serve as the molecular link between host cell mitochondria and parasitophorous vacuole membrane. In this study we addressed the function of ROP2. Targeted depletion of ROP2 using a ribozyme-modified antisense RNA strategy resulted in multiple effects on parasite morphology because of a disruption in the formation of mature rhoptries, and an arrest in cytokinesis. The association of host cell mitochondria with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane was abolished and the ROP2-deficient parasites had a reduced uptake of sterol from the host cell. Furthermore, these parasites invaded human fibroblasts poorly and had markedly attenuated virulence in mice. We conclude that rhoptry discharge, and in particular release of ROP2, are essential for parasite invasion, replication and host cell-parasite interaction.
Compact Riemann surfaces with conformal involutions

In this paper surfaces which have conformal involutions are characterized by their period matrices. Let S be a compact Riemann surface of genus g, goO, and j a conformal involution on S with k fixed points, k#O. Let S' be the factor surface and g' the genus of S'. Then g=2g'+k/2-1 by the RiemannHurwitz relation, so that k is even. PROPOSITION 1. S has a canonical homology basis consisting of homology classes of curves of the form (1) a,, * * * , ag', j(al), * ,j(ag,), Cl, ***vCk12-1, (2) bl, * * * , bg,, j(bl), * ,j(bg'), dl, * *41c2-1, wvhere j(ci)--ci andj(di)-.-d, and wthere denotes homologous. PROOF. Let P1, * * *, Pk be the fixed points of j on S and also their images on S'. Let (a, b) be 2g' curves whose homology classes give a canonical homology basis for S'. Let n, be a path on S' from Pi to Pi+1 for all i which does not intersect any curve in (a, b). Then it can be shown that S is two copies of S' slit along the n, for i odd and pasted together appropriately for some choice of slits ni. If c is any path on S', let j be a lifting to S. Let N1=hi-j(hi) for i=1, 2, * * , k-1. Let d,=Ni if i is even; d1 =N1; and define d2i+ =d2i N2i+l inductively. Sincej(Ni) =Ni, j(d,)=-di for all i. Let ci=d2i and di+1=d2i+1. Consider the set: al,* **, 9, j(al), * ,ja,,Cl, *** Ck12-1, bl, , bg, j(bl), * ,j(bg,), dl, * * 7,1Ck2-1. Let A x B denote the intersection number of A and B. Since Ni x Ni+1=1 for all i, we have: aixbj=6,j; a,xj(b)=O; a,xc,=O; iixdj=O; a, xIj(ai)=O; bixj(b3)=O and cix dj=6j for all relevant i and j. These Received by the editors January 12, 1972. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 32G20. 1 This paper contains a part of the author's Ph.D. thesis written at Columbia University under the direction of Professor Lipman Bers whom the author wishes to thank for his help and encouragement. ?q) American Mathematical Society 1973
The effect of hydroxylamine on microsomal ATPase

Abstract The (Na+ + K+)-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase, but not the Mg2+-ATPase, is irreversibly inhibited when turtle bladder microsomes were incubated with hydroxylamine. The Mg2+-dependent or the (Mg2+ + Na+)-dependent phosphorylation of ADP by the phospho-protein (the exchange reaction) is reversibly inhibited when the microsomes are incubated with hydroxylamine. The Na+-induced increment of 32P-labelling of microsomes previously incubated with [λ-32P]ATP is completely eliminated by hydroxylamine, but the Mg2+-dependent 32P-labelling of such microsomes is unaffected by hydroxylamine. It is concluded that the phospho-enzyme formed during the Mg2+-dependent hydrolysis does not contribute to the Mg2+-dependent exchange reaction. Instead, the phosphoenzyme formed during the (Na+ + K+)-stimulated hydrolysis is apparently the only substance which phosphorylates ADP in the exchange reaction, even in the absence of Na+ and/or K+. The hydroxylamine-sensitive nature of the sodium form of the phospho-enzyme in the (Na+ + K+)-stimulated ATPase sequence is consistent with the existence of an enzyme-acyl-phosphate bond of high internal energy with respect to that of ADP. On the other hand, the hydroxylamine-resistant nature of the phospho-enzyme in the Mg2+-ATPase sequence suggests the existence of a non-acyl type of enzyme phosphate bond with low internal energy relative to that of ADP.
On Radiation and Latent Heat Feedback in Clouds: Implications and a Parameterization.

Abstract Nonadiabatic changes in cloud temperature result from the opposing effects of radiation and the resulting phase change and latent heat caused by this radiative forcing. It is shown that the fraction of “realized” (net) radiative heating–cooling is strongly temperature–dependent, increasing from 33% at 20°C to 92% at −40°C. The primary implication of this study is that radiative processes can affect the thermodynamic instability of cold clouds to a much greater extent than warm clouds, given the same radiative heating–cooling rates for both clouds.
Mass Efficiency Considerations for Thermally Insulated Structural Skin of an Aerospace Vehicle

An approximate equation was derived to predict the mass of insulation required to limit the maximum temperature reached by an insulated structure subjected to a transient heating pulse. In the course of the derivation two figures of merit were identified. One figure of merit correlates to the effectiveness of the heat capacity of the underlying structural material in reducing the amount of required insulation. The second figure of merit provides an indicator of the mass efficiency of the insulator material. An iterative, one dimensional finite element analysis was used to size the external insulation required to protect the structure at a single location on the Space Shuttle Orbiter and a reusable launch vehicle. Required insulation masses were calculated for a range of different materials for both structure and insulator. The required insulation masses calculated using the approximate equation were shown to typically agree with finite element results within 10 to 20 percent over the range of parameters studied. Finite element results closely followed the trends indicated by both figures of merit.
The Debate over Superstitions and the Struggle for a British Protestant Identity

In the debates over religion in England and Scotland in the sixteenth century, reforming writers of various kinds used the term “superstition” to designate mistaken or obsolete forms of religion. Renaissance humanists often used the term to criticize those who clung stubbornly to traditional religious practices. William Tyndale (d. 1536) precociously proposed many key Protestant arguments against Catholic “superstitions.” Subsequent English writers were heavily influenced by the Zurich reformers, Bullinger and Gwalther. By the end of the century many disputants were locked in debate over whether the ceremonies of the Church of England itself could, or could not rightly be described as “superstitious.”
Rigid Plate Fixation of the Sternum

Sternotomy is the most common osteotomy performed worldwide and has traditionally been closed by wire circlage. Recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of internal plate fixation both in promoting bony stability and osteosynthesis and in decreasing the incidence of postoperative mediastinitis. Despite its advantages, this method of sternal closure has not yet gained widespread use. We describe a simple technique of sternal closure using plates secured with screws.
Humidity and Particle Fields Around Some Small Cumulus Clouds.

Aircraft-borne measurements showed that five small cumulus clouds were surrounded by regions of high humidity out to distances of several cloud radii from their centers. Total particle concentrations in the regions of high humidity were about twice those in the air at the same level but well removed from the cloud boundaries. The regions of high humidity and particle concentrations also coincided with regions of high turbulence surrounding the clouds. In addition to affecting particle production, regions of high humidity surrounding clouds can be expected to affect chemical process and atmospheric radiation transfer.
Effects of sodium azide and methyl bromide on soil bacterial populations, enzymic activities and other biological variables

The application of a granular formulation of sodium azide (Smite 8G), to pine nursery beds at rates of 0, 22.4, 67.2 and 134.5 kg active ingredient ha−1 under water seal or plastic seal, was compared over a 1-year period with methyl bromide, applied at a rate of 650 kg ha−1, to determine the effects of soil bacterial populations, soil enzymic activities, development of mycorrhizal roots, weed population and incidence of root diseases. Bacterial populations at 24 days after treatment had increased in proportion to the amount of sodium azide added; however, highest numbers of bacteria were recorded from the methyl bromide-treated plot. At the last sampling date no significant differences were observed in bacterial populations among treatments. Neither sodium azide nor methyl bromide caused permanent changes in soil enzymic activities or adversely affected mycorrhizal root development on pine seedlings. Sodium azide at 134.5 kg ha−1 and methyl bromide both significantly decreased the number of Cyperus spp. plants in plots; however, the number of pine seedlings exhibiting a root disease was highest in plots receiving these treatments.
Organ Acquisition Cost Centers Part I: Medicare Regulations—Truth or Consequence

Organ Acquisition Cost Centers (OACC) were designed to encourage and incentivize hospitals to provide transplantation services. The purpose of this article (Part I) is to familiarize transplant professionals and transplant center administrators with the regulations that govern OACC. An historical perspective of the evolution of these regulations is necessary to better understand the basic principles underlying this complex area of transplant finance. There is a wide variation in transplant center OACC reporting, suggesting under-reporting by some and overreporting by others. Correct reporting is essential since OACC are auditable. We have surveyed 13 audits by the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) of transplant center OACC in an attempt to identify trends in reporting practices by transplant centers that are not deemed acceptable by the OIG. We discuss these findings in the context of some basic definitions that refer specifically to cost accounting principles necessary for accurate reporting of OACC.
Optical spectroscopy to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in vivo

Neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease present protein aggregates that scatter light. We are developing techniques to detect their characteristic spectra in vivo as a basis for definitive, non-invasive diagnosis and for monitoring experimental therapeutics.
Form of internal and external structure as factors in free-recall and ordered recall of nonsense and meaningful words

Groups of Ss learned four different lists of words by free-recall and then used the same words in an ordered recall learning task. The lists were so constructed as to represent the four combinations of two levels of association values and (a) two forms of internal structure for free-recall, and (b) two forms of external structure for ordered recall. The results indicated that forms of internal and external structure and not association values were critical when these were the forms hypothesized by Garner (1962) as favorable for each of the two learning tasks. Otherwise in both learning situations, the high meaningful material was learned in fewer trials.
Comparison of techniques for the measurement of plastic work of fatigue crack growth in low carbon steel

Abstract The cyclic plastic work to produce a unit area of fatigue crack, U , was calorimetrically measured in a low carbon steel. The results of the calorimetric U measurements are roughly an order of magnitude higher than U measurements obtained using other techniques. A drop off in U observed at low crack growth rates was observed to be associated with a change in fracture surface morphology. Several improvements in data analysis and acquisition are also reported.
An approach for developing real-time distributed systems using an agent architecture description language

In this paper, we define an approach to Distributed Control Systems (DCS) that employs an Architecture Description Language to design and analyze agent based distributed control systems. The ADL is used as a Software Engineering method to simplify the complex task of calculating resource utilization of the distributed system. This approach is then applied to the problem of command and control of remote missile launchers in a battlefield. We use this example to provide compelling reasoning that ADL can analyze real-time distributed systems using the agent software model.
Tactually elicited prey acquisition behavior in the frog, Rana pipiens , and a comparison with visually elicited behavior

1. Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), both blinded and intact, will turn and snap in response to tactile stimulation. 2. The response to tactile stimuli is directed toward the site of stimulation. For rostral stimuli it consists of a snap; for caudal stimuli the response involves a body reorientation without a snap. In these respects tactually elicited prey acquisition behavior (Fig. 2) closely resembles visually elicited prey acquisition behavior (Fig. 3). 3. Videotape analysis indicates that tactually elicited responses are indistinguishable from responses elicited by near visual stimuli in terms of head and body coordination. A somewhat different pattern of movement is seen in responses to distant visual stimuli (Fig. 4). 4. Eye retraction (Fig. 5, 6) is a component of prey acquisition behavior whether elicited tactually or visually. A forelimb ‘scooping’ motion (Fig. 5) is a frequent component in tactually elicited behavior but has not been observed in response to visual stimulation.
Microwave extraction in analytical chemistry of pollutants : polychlorinated biphenyls

The microwave energy produced by a high intensity microwave oven was used to extract polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from water samples. This static method was compared with liquid-liquid extraction to determine the optimum and limiting conditions in extraction processes. The sample size and sample container shape determine the temperature profiles in the sample. Using a 500 mL sample size, the detection limit is in the low ng/L range when an electron capture detector is employed.
Tectonic analysis of lineaments near a spreading axis, northeastern Iceland

Abstract Some aspects of Iceland geodynamics are investigated from Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) digital data in conjunction with field studies. Lineaments at the 1: 500,000 scale were mapped from computer processed imagery designed to enhance subtle structural fabric elements within the data. The analyses indicate pervasive north and west-northwest-trending lineaments. These trends are interpreted in terms of alternative complex models involving Riedel shear deformation or thermoelastic contraction adjacent to a spreading center. West-northwest-trending lineaments are concentrated along the Husavik-Flatey fault system. East of Axarfjordur, a 20-km wide band of west-northwest lineaments could mark the onshore continuation of the Grimsey submarine fault proposed on the basis of earthquake distributions.
Timely diagnosis of perforated jejunal diverticulitis by computed tomography.

Abstract Background Perforated jejunal diverticulitis is an unusual entity that can present with acute abdominal pain. Due to the non-specific clinical findings, this condition is rarely diagnosed clinically. Case Report We present the case of a 75-year-old man in whom a perforated jejunal diverticulitis complicated by abscess formation was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). He underwent a laparotomy with resection of the involved jejunal segment. He had an uneventful recovery and was subsequently discharged. Conclusions This case report demonstrates the utility of CT in accurately diagnosing this unusual entity that frequently perplexes clinicians.
QualComp: a new lossy compressor for quality scores based on rate distortion theory

Background Next Generation Sequencing technologies have revolutionized many fields in biology by reducing the time and cost required for sequencing. As a result, large amounts of sequencing data are being generated. A typical sequencing data file may occupy tens or even hundreds of gigabytes of disk space, prohibitively large for many users. This data consists of both the nucleotide sequences and per-base quality scores that indicate the level of confidence in the readout of these sequences. Quality scores account for about half of the required disk space in the commonly used FASTQ format (before compression), and therefore the compression of the quality scores can significantly reduce storage requirements and speed up analysis and transmission of sequencing data.
17O NMR spectroscopy: Origin of deshielding effects in rigid, planar molecules

Abstract 17 O NMR data for hindered carbonyls in planar quinones and flavones showed large deshielding effects and correlated with estimated repulsive van der Waals interactions, providing new insights into steric phenomenon at carbonyl oxygens.
Managing lower-extremity osteomyelitis locally with surgical debridement and synthetic calcium sulfate antibiotic tablets.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine if the use of locally implanted, synthetic calcium sulfate tablets, impregnated with antibiotics, can heal lower-extremity osteomyelitis, without the use of oral and/or intravenous antibiotics or wound complications associated with simila
Photocatalytic decontamination of sulfur-containing alkyl halides on irradiated semiconductor suspensions

Factors influencing the efficiency of the photocatalytic oxygenation of two mustard simulants (2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide) on irradiated suspensions of TiO2 in aerated acetonitrile are described. Product analysis indicates that sulfoxide formation is the dominant process in acetonitrile and that TiO2 is a much better photocatalyst than SnO2, ZrO2, or ZnO.
Spices and energy balance

The sensory properties of foods and beverages are primary determinants of food choice. Some flavor components have an inherent hedonic valence that influences ingestive behavior. However, these hedonic impressions may be modified and others newly formed through their association with the post-ingestive consequences of food and beverage consumption. Flavor-active compounds, including spices, also modify digestive, absorptive and metabolic processes through direct activation of signaling pathways or via neurally-mediated cephalic phase responses. These may modify energy balance through effects on food digestion, energy absorption and metabolism. Thus, collectively, flavor has the potential to modify energy balance. Attempts to purposefully augment energy and nutrient intake have largely focused on the aging population where flavor fortification is posited to correct for diminishing sensory function. Evidence of efficacy is not strong, possibly due to methodological issues such as low statistical power and failure to match documented sensory limitations with the nature of the intervention. More rigorous testing should determine the viability of this therapeutic application of food flavors. The use of flavor compounds for weight reduction has yielded mixed results. Most trials have delivered the compounds via capsule precluding assessment of flavor to outcomes. Work with red pepper suggests there is an independent, albeit subtle, sensory effect on substrate oxidation coupled with a more general reduction of appetite and enhancement of energy expenditure. Flavor active compounds hold some promise for being more a part of the solution than the problem of disordered eating and unhealthy weight.
Severe hypernatremia after cesarean delivery secondary to transient diabetes insipidus of pregnancy

Abstract Background Transient diabetes insipidus is an uncommon complication of pregnancy, usually manifesting with polydipsia and polyuria. This condition is considered to result from excess placental vasopressinase activity and is managed with deamino D arginine vasopressin. Case While on restricted oral intake after cesarean delivery, the patient gradually became disoriented and agitated in conjunction with markedly increased urine output disproportional to her intravenous crystalloid fluid intake. Marked hypernatremia of 178 mEq/dL was noted. Urine osmolality was low at 248 mOsm/L. The clinical presentation and electrolyte abnormalities were considered consistent with transient diabetes insipidus of pregnancy. The patient responded well to nasal-spray-administered deamino D arginine vasopressin and increased intravenous fluid intake, with resolution of symptoms and gradual normalization of serum sodium levels. Conclusion Transient diabetes insipidus of pregnancy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe hypernatremia in obstetric patients with restricted oral intake after operative delivery.
Colorectal Cancer Emergencies

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignancy encountered in the United States. A significant proportion of patients with CRC will seek emergency medical care during the course of their illness and treatment. Emergent presentations can be the result of either local tumor invasion, regional progression, or therapeutic techniques. Specific complications of CRC which present emergently include rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and bowel obstruction. Less common issues encountered include malignant ascites, neutropenic enterocolitis, and radiation enteropathy. The care of CRC patients in the setting of an acute severe illness typically requires the joint efforts of the emergency medical team in consultation with surgical, medical, and radiation oncology. A high degree of suspicion for the typical and atypical complications of CRC is important for all clinicians who are responsible for the care of these patients.
Geographies of Gender and Politics: The Place of Difference in Polynesian Nationalism

On a Sunday in July 1995, during my fieldwork in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, I spent an afternoon with royalty: that is, with Joinville Pomare, the direct descendant of the last reigning queen of Tahiti, the contemporary claimant to the Polynesian throne (should that throne be re-established), and the leader of the second most influential pro-independence political party in the territory, aptly named the Pomare Party. We were at a house in Mahina Valley on Tahiti island, on land the Pomare Party had reclaimed from the French colonial government. Along with Pomare and me were gathered about eight of Pomare's friends and supporters and an American art historian, Stephen Eisenman, who was in the islands finalizing research for a book he was writing on the artist Gauguin (1997).' As several of us sat around the kitchen table talking, Eisenman asked how Polynesians felt about Gauguin.2 "That one!" Pomare exclaimed, "He took eight-year-old girls to his bed!" Pomare shook his head, "Oh, his paintings are beautiful, but the man-." Clement Pito, a cultural activist and member of Pomare's political party, picked up the critique: "Eiaha!" he said in dismay, "Gauguin took our language and put it in his painting!" I asked Pito what he meant.3 He responded by talking about a particular painting of Polynesian social life by Gauguin. In 1897, when Gauguin completed this painting, he inscribed its French-language title in the painting's upper left-hand corner: "D'ou venons nous? Que sommes nous? Ou allons nous?" [Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?]. Pito explained his dismay:
Simultaneous analysis of selenate and selenite in bacterial suspensions by capillary electrophoresis

The use of capillary electrophoresis allows simultaneous determination of selenate and selenite during reduction by whole bacteria or their lysates. Optimal separation was achieved with 20 mM sodium borate and 1.0 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, pH 9.5, −25 kV, at 28°C in an open, uncoated 44 cm×75 μm silica column. This method eliminates many steps in sample preparation and reduces necessary sample size. Application of this CE method in studying the depletion of both selenate and selenite in bacterial suspensions is reported.
Evidence for the absence of a c(2×2) superstructure for oxygen on Cu(100)

Wide discrepancies exist among recent studies in the determination of the position of an oxygen adsorbate with respect to the Cu(100) substrate having the purported $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ superstructure. Using surface treatments described in the recent literature and a sensitive low-energy electron diffraction detector, we find the oxygen superlattice is not a mixture of $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ and $(\sqrt{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\sqrt{2})R45$ superstructures but has only a single ordered overlayer, namely the $(\sqrt{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2\sqrt{2})R45$ structure. This result contradicts the conclusions of recent reports.
STS-133 Space Shuttle External Tank Intertank Stringer Crack Investigation Stress Analysis

The first attempt to launch the STS-133 Space Shuttle mission in the fall of 2010 was halted due to indications of a gaseous hydrogen leak at the External Tank ground umbilical carrier plate seal. Subsequent inspection of the external tank (figure 1) hardware and recorded video footage revealed that the foam insulation covering the forward end of the intertank near the liquid oxygen tank had cracked severely enough to have been cause for halting the launch attempt on its own (figure 2). An investigation into the cause of the insulation crack revealed that two adjacent hat-section sheet metal stringers (figure 3) had cracks up to nine inches long in the forward ends of the stringer flanges, or feet, near the fasteners that attach the stringer to the skin of the intertank (figure 4). A repair of those two stringers was implemented and the investigation effort widened to understand the root cause of the stringer cracks and to determine whether there was sufficient flight rationale to launch with the repairs and the other installed stringers.
Analysis of Collective Resonances in Clusters: Metals and Carbon

Dipole photoabsorption spectra of small clusters are analyzed. Two types of systems are considered: metal clusters and the carbon fullerenes. Both have been found to exhibit strong collective photoabsorption modes associated with the motion of delocalized electrons. We describe analytical results for the resonance frequencies in both spherical (closed-shell metallic, C 60 ) and spheroidal (openshell metallic, C 70 ) particles. The calculation is based on the techniques of many-body physics (random-phase approximation, sum rules), affords a unified view of the dynamical response of microscopic clusters, and leads to good agreement with experimental data.
Differential Forms on Regular Affine Algebras

The formal apparatus of the algebra of differential forms appears as a rather special amalgam of multilinear and homological algebra, which has not been satisfactorily absorbed in the general theory of derived functors. It is our main purpose here to identify the exterior algebra of differential forms as a certain canonical graded algebra based on the Tor functor and to obtain the cohomology of differential forms from the Ext functor of a universal algebra of differential operators similar to the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra.