cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac assessment within 5 years of lymphoma treatment can detect patients with high risk of cardiotoxicity and undiagnosed coronary artery disease.

e19562Background: Cardiotoxicity afflicts 10-20% of cancer survivors thus compromising long term survival. Based on ASCO guidelines cancer patients (pts) are considered at increased risk of develop...
Insights into residential EV charging behavior using energy meter data

Abstract Mass adoption of the plug-in electric vehicle (EV) technology is imperative for the rapid electrification of the transportation sector to mitigate catastrophic effects from climate change. Rapid integration of a large number of EVs will inevitably cause uncertainty and variability on the operation of the existing electric power system. There is high uncertainty on not only the speed and scale of EV adoption but also the EV energy and power requirements that depends on EV charging patterns. This study uses energy meter-level data from the San Diego region to analyze the energy load profiles of residential customers under the time-of-use (TOU) rate with and without EV charging requirements. Unlike previous forecasts on the effects of EV charging loads, the energy load profile of TOU customers with EVs reveal a “twin demand peak” where there is a peak demand during the evening hours and another at midnight. Results reveal potential issues for grid operations with greater EV adoption and the importance of careful TOU rate design.
Recent progress in metabolomics using ion mobility-mass spectrometry

Abstract In recent years, metabolomics and lipidomics approaches have become increasingly popular for use in the analysis of human heath, molecular mechanisms, and disease progression. Despite the growth in applications and advances in instrumentation, metabolomics and lipidomics are limited by factors including interference from matrix effects, the need for lengthy for chromatographic analysis, and structural diversity of metabolites and lipids creating interference of isomers and isobars, which can confound identification. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) provides a method to enhance throughput, enhance isomeric separation, and reduce chemical noise. This review focuses on (i) the use of IMS and subsequent advancements in global metabolomics and lipidomics, (ii) the application and benefits of IMS in targeted metabolomics studies, and (iii) the use of IMS for non-chromatographic methods such as direct analysis, desorption ionization methods, and imaging.
Intergroup dialogue: A review of recent empirical research and its implications for research and practice.

Intergroup dialogue (IGD) is a small group intervention that allows for sustained communication between people across social identity groups. It aims to foster intergroup relationships, develop cri...
American Sympathizers: Confessing Illicit Feeling from the Civil War to the Vietnam War

Portraits of sympathizers recur across American literature, from nineteenth-century narratives by Edward Everett Hale Jr., Loreta Velazquez, and Walt Whitman to Viet Thanh Nguyen's twenty-first-century novel. Together, their texts elucidate why this understudied trope remains provocative. Whereas nineteenth-century literature often imagines how sympathy fosters national cohesion, feeling for the enemy threatens such stability and prompts government efforts to regulate sentiment. Sympathizers may perform loyalty to claim the authority associated with white masculinity. Yet they also gain power by confessing to criminal sentiments. This figure thus embodies fantasies of rebellion, fears of national dissolution, and the state's affective power.
CaMKIIα phosphorylation of Shank3 modulates ABI1-Shank3 interaction.

Protein-protein interactions can be modulated by phosphorylation of either binding partner, thereby altering subcellular localization and/or physiological function. Shank3, a master postsynaptic scaffolding protein that controls the developmental maturation of excitatory synapses, was recently shown to be phosphorylated by Protein Kinase A (PKA) at Ser685 in vivo. Mutation of Shank3 Ser685 was shown to modulate the binding of Abelson interactor 1 (ABI1), a component of the WAVE regulatory complex for actin remodeling, but a direct effect of Ser685 phosphorylation on ABI1 binding was not investigated. Here, we demonstrate that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) also phosphorylates Shank3 at Ser685. Mutation of Ser685 to phospho-null alanine (S685A) prevented both CaMKIIα and PKA phosphorylation of a GST-Shank3 fusion protein. The co-immunoprecipitation of ABI1 with Shank3 from HEK293 cell extracts is reduced by mutation of Ser685 to either Ala or Asp. However, pre-phosphorylation of GST-Shank3 by purified CaMKIIα significantly increased binding of ABI1, and this effect was abrogated by Ser685 to Ala mutation in GST-Shank3. Taken together, our data suggest that neuronal ABI1-Shank3 interactions may be convergently regulated by Shank3 Ser685 phosphorylation in response to both Ca2+ and cAMP signaling, potentially modulating dendritic spine morphology.
Dynamic Route Selection in Route Planners

Typically, a route planner application returns one single best route that is visualized on top of a digital map on the output medium, such as a computer screen, GPS device, or PDA, together with a route description. For intuitive route planning we suggest including a precomputation of various feasible routes as part of the interactive route selection process. The latter approach allows the user to dynamically browse between a set of optimized routes that are visualized on a street map. A route planner prototype that offers various route selection criteria for bicycle navigation to select from demonstrates this new idea.
Quorum Sensing Autoinducer-3 Finally Yields to Structural Elucidation.

A novel quorum sensing autoinducer, which regulates virulence in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, had eluded structural characterization—until now.
Application of Taguchi Experimental Method in Numerical Simulation of Variable Viscosity Effect on Natural Convection in Porous Media

The study uses an optimization approach representation for the variable viscosity effect on the free convection over a vertical permeable plate in porous media. The surface of the vertical plate is uniform wall temperature (UWT). The surface blowing/suction velocity is also uniform. The viscosity of the fluid varies inversely as a linear function of the temperature. The partial differential equations are transformed into non-similar equations and solved by Keller box method (KBM). Compared with the previously published articles, the results are considered to be very consistent. Numerical results for the the local Nusselt number with the two parameters: 1) blowing/suction parameter ξ, 2) viscosity-variation parameter θr are expressed in tables. Through the Taguchi method to predict the best point of the maxima of the local Nusselt number is 1.1152.
The Impact of a Colorectal Care Bundle for Surgical Site Infections at an Academic Disproportionate Share Hospital With a Level I Trauma Center.

ObjectivesColorectal care bundles for surgical site infections (CRCB-SSIs) have been shown to reduce SSIs following elective colorectal surgery (CRS). There are limited data evaluating the effect o...
Verifying polymer reaction networks using bisimulation

Abstract The Chemical Reaction Network model has been proposed as a programming language for molecular programming. Methods to implement arbitrary CRNs using DNA strand displacement circuits have been investigated, as have methods to prove the correctness of those or other implementations. However, the stochastic Chemical Reaction Network model is provably not deterministically Turing-universal, that is, it is impossible to create a stochastic CRN where a given output molecule is produced if and only if an arbitrary Turing machine accepts. A DNA stack machine that can simulate arbitrary Turing machines with minimal slowdown deterministically has been proposed, but it uses unbounded polymers that cannot be modeled as a Chemical Reaction Network. We propose an extended version of a Chemical Reaction Network that models unbounded linear polymers made from a finite number of monomers. This Polymer Reaction Network model covers the DNA stack machine, as well as copy-tolerant Turing machines and some examples from biochemistry. We adapt the bisimulation method of verifying DNA implementations of Chemical Reaction Networks to our model, and use it to prove the correctness of the DNA stack machine implementation. We define a subclass of single-locus Polymer Reaction Networks and show that any member of that class can be bisimulated by a network using only four primitives, suggesting a method of DNA implementation. Finally, we prove that deciding whether an implementation is a bisimulation is Π 2 0 -complete, and thus undecidable in the general case, although it is tractable in many special cases of interest. We hope that the ability to model and verify implementations of Polymer Reaction Networks will aid in the rational design of molecular systems.
Putting “US” back in Museums: Increasing Student Engagement via Experiential Learning Writing Assignments

This paper details the evolution of a course, Arts and Society, and the inception of a student-centered assignment, â€œPutting â€˜USâ€™ back in Museums.â€ By tapping into a nationwide discussion of inclusion and public spaces, this business proposal style assignment asks students to consider their own observations as museum visitors alongside research that considers community engagement, diversity and accessibility in order to identify a specific issue within a museum and to propose change. Throughout the project, students are supported by the implementation of smaller scaffolding assignments, in-class discussions, an embedded librarian and an assigned writing fellow. Furthermore, they will meet at least eight professionals in the field and visit at least four different local sites. This assignment demonstrates best practices via scaffolding, institutional support, experiential learning, and engagement with the local community.
Stellar forensics with the supernova‐GRB connection – Ludwig Biermann Award Lecture 2010

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c) are amongst nature's most magnificent explosions. While GRBs launch relativistic jets, SNe Ib/c are core-collapse explosions whose progenitors have been stripped of their hydrogen and helium envelopes. Yet for over a decade, one of the key outstanding questions is what conditions lead to each kind of explosion in massive stars. Determining the fates of massive stars is not only a vibrant topic in itself, but also impacts using GRBs as star formation indicators over distances up to 13 billion light-years and for mapping the chemical enrichment history of the universe. This article reviews a number of comprehensive observational studies that probe the progenitor environments, their metallicities and the explosion geometries of SN with and without GRBs, as well as the emerging field of SN environmental studies. Furthermore, it discusses SN2008D/XRT 080109 which was discovered serendipitously with the Swift satellite via its X-ray emission from shock breakout and which generated great interest amongst both observers and theorists while illustrating a novel technique for stellar forensics. The article concludes with an outlook on how the most promising venues of research – with the many existing and upcoming large-scale surveys such as PTF and LSST – will shed new light on the diverse deaths of massive stars (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential for nontuberculous mycobacteria proliferation in natural and engineered water systems due to climate change: A literature review

Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are costly, difficult to treat, and increasing in prevalence. Given this, there is a desire to understand the potential relationships between NTM in water sources and climate change stressors. To address this need, a critical literature review was performed. Connections were made between NTM fate and transport, climate change, engineering decisions, and societal changes, and uncertainties highlighted. Environmental conditions discussed with respect to NTM risk included changing temperature, humidity, salinity, rainfall, and extreme weather events. NTM risk was then considered under climate/societal scenarios described by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scientists. Findings indicate that the resilience of NTM under a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., warm temperatures, eutrophication) may increase their net prevalence in water environments under climate change, increasing exposure. Water management decisions may also influence exposure to NTM as water scarcity is expected to result in increased reliance on reclaimed water. Water managers may control risk of exposure through innovative water treatment processes and equitable water management decisions, turning towards an integrated One Water approach to reduce and/or mitigate the impacts of de facto reuse. Future research recommendations are provided including studies into potential changes to NTM fate and transport in uniquely impacted climates (e.g., boreal regions), and investigations into the relative risk of managed aquifer recharge as compared to no action.
MCI and OSA (P4.1-022)

Objective: A retrospective study to evaluate the association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that frequently defines a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) can worsen the primary cognitive and functional deficit in Alzheimer’s Disease. OSA is a modifiable risk factor. Short term CPAP therapy showed an almost complete reversal of white matter disease, and normalization of attentive, visuospatial learning, and motor performances. If we can diagnose OSA in early stage, we can probably improve cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative process. There has been a paucity of research concerning the association of OSA and MCI. Design/Methods: Cross-sectional subgroup analysis study was performed using the data from TriNetx network within a single outpatient practice. Diagnoses of OSA and MCI were based on ICD-10 billings codes. Patients aged 50 and older were reviewed. Prevalence of OSA in the overall clinic population was compared with the prevalence of OSA in patients with MCI. Results: There were 179,992 patients over 50 years of age in the database. Of these, 5460 had an OSA diagnosis (3.3%). 230 had MCI diagnosis and of these 40 patients had OSA diagnosis (17.39%) (p Conclusions: The result shows eight times higher prevalence of OSA in MCI patients. These data need to be further analysed to confirm diagnoses and examine risk factors that may contribute to these associations. Disclosure: Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maxwell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gliebus has nothing to disclose.
CRÍTICO, COMISARIO Y CINEASTA EXPERIMENTAL: NÉSTOR ALMENDROS EN NUEVA YORK, 1957-1959

The international recognition of Nestor Almendros (1930-1992) as a cinematographer has overshadowed –within conventional film studies– two other fundamental aspects of his career: his work in film criticism and in experimental and documentary film making. This essay analizes Almendros’ activities during the early years of his professional life in New York, from 1957 to 1959, by studying in detail his outcome as a film curator (for Vassar College’s Film Group), as a film critic (for Film Culture) and as an experimental film maker (with two avant-garde shorts, The Mount of Luna and 58-59). Through a critical study of previously unpublished archival materials, this paper presents a new interpretation of Almendros’ multidisciplinary career and reconsiders him as one of the major figures of Spanish cinema in exile.
Year in Thyroidology- Recent Developments and Future Challenges: Clinical Science Review.

Background The 2021 Year in Thyroidology- Recent Developments and Future Challenges: Clinical Science Review featured key clinical research within five categories: Thyroid Nodules and Cancer, Thyroid Function and Thyroid Eye Disease, Thyroid and Pregnancy, Thyroid and Pediatrics, and Disparities in Thyroid. Methods A literature search of PubMed from November 2019 to August 2021 was performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English and with a focus on human subjects. Results There were three nominees for each of the five categories and one featured manuscript per category. The featured manuscripts had the most potential to change clinical practice, focused on a novel topic, and/or included of strong methodology. Conclusions There were many strong publications on thyroid between November 2019 and August 2021; the 15 nominees and five featured manuscripts span a breadth of topics and methodologic approaches. The featured manuscripts all have potential to change practice patterns or to stimulate further research that will ultimately change practice patterns.
Errors in Piezometric Measurement

Laboratory tests indicate that piezometric measurements of depth in open channels are characterized by positive errors that increase with size of piezometer opening. For a given piezometer size, the error is expressed as a constant percentage of the mean velocity head. Roughnesses added to the test channel tended to reduce the magnitude of the error whereas surface waves did not affect the piezometric measurement.
Taking Their Lives into Their Own Hands

The purpose of an education according to John Dewey (1944) philosophy has to do with providing the immature with learning experiences that prepare them to negotiate the sociocultural, economic and political ecologies of their communities. Education is thus an engine of societal growth committed to the immersion of the youth into the ideologies, customs, and traditions that perpetuate societal life and culture.
Statistical Calibration and Validation of a Homogeneous Ventilated Wall-Interference Correction Method for the National Transonic Facility

Wind tunnel experiments will continue to be a primary source of validation data for many types of mathematical and computational models in the aerospace industry. The increased emphasis on accuracy of data acquired from these facilities requires understanding of the uncertainty of not only the measurement data but also any correction applied to the data. One of the largest and most critical corrections made to these data is due to wall interference. In an effort to understand the accuracy and suitability of these corrections, a statistical validation process for wall interference correction methods has been developed. This process is based on the use of independent cases which, after correction, are expected to produce the same result. Comparison of these independent cases with respect to the uncertainty in the correction process establishes a domain of applicability based on the capability of the method to provide reasonable corrections with respect to customer accuracy requirements. The statistical validation method was applied to the version of the Transonic Wall Interference Correction System (TWICS) recently implemented in the National Transonic Facility at NASA Langley Research Center. The TWICS code generates corrections for solid and slotted wall interference in the model pitch plane based on boundary pressure measurements. Before validation could be performed on this method, it was necessary to calibrate the ventilated wall boundary condition parameters. Discrimination comparisons are used to determine the most representative of three linear boundary condition models which have historically been used to represent longitudinally slotted test section walls. Of the three linear boundary condition models implemented for ventilated walls, the general slotted wall model was the most representative of the data. The TWICS code using the calibrated general slotted wall model was found to be valid to within the process uncertainty for test section Mach numbers less than or equal to 0.60. The scatter among the mean corrected results of the bodies of revolution validation cases was within one count of drag on a typical transport aircraft configuration for Mach numbers at or below 0.80 and two counts of drag for Mach numbers at or below 0.90.
Using PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL: Comprehensive Resources for Discovery and Targeted Proteomics

PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL are Web-accessible resources to support discovery and targeted proteomics research. PeptideAtlas is a multi-species compendium of shotgun proteomic data provided by the scientific community; SRMAtlas is a resource of high-quality, complete proteome SRM assays generated in a consistent manner for the targeted identification and quantification of proteins; and PASSEL is a repository that compiles and represents selected reaction monitoring data, all in an easy-to-use interface. The databases are generated from native mass spectrometry data files that are analyzed in a standardized manner including statistical validation of the results. Each resource offers search functionalities and can be queried by user-defined constraints; the query results are provided in tables or are graphically displayed. PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL are publicly available freely via the Web site http://www.peptideatlas.org. In this protocol, we describe the use of these resources, we highlight how to submit, search, collate and download data. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 46:13.25.1-13.25.28. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: discovery proteomics; targeted proteomics; selected reaction monitoring (SRM); data repository; data resource; complete proteome library
ID Expert: A Second Generation Instructional Development System.

This paper describes ID Expert, an intelligent computer-based multimedia interactive instructional development and delivery system. This paper illustrates the following features of this system: Instructional design principles can be built into reusable instructional strategy computer algorithms (instructional transaction shells). This feature significantly reduces the programming task and insures more effective instructional strategies than often results when a strategy must be rebuilt for every lesson or course. A decoupled knowledge base makes it possible, at the click of a button, to attach or unattach a given knowledge object to a reusable preprogrammed instructional strategy. This feature significantly reduces the instructional development effort. Instructional strategies specified by parameters makes it possible, at the click of a button, to change an instructional strategy. This feature significantly reduces the effort required for designing or redesigning a lesson or course. Instructional strategies specified by parameters makes it possible to design multiple strategies for a given course or lesson and makes it possible, at the click of a button, to change from one strategy to another. When implemented for modification during instruction, based on student performance, this feature makes possible adaptive instruction.
Miscibility gap in electrochemically oxygenated La2CuO4+ delta.

The miscibility gap of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ was investigated by studying three electrochemically oxygenated samples with different oxygen contents, using variable-temperature neutron powder diffraction. The low-temperature lattice parameters of the two coexisting orthorhombic phases (antiferromagnetic, Bmab and superconducting, Fmmm) were found to be in good agreement with those determined for high-pressure annealed samples, indicating that the two techniques yield essentially identical samples, at least in this concentration range. A sample with \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.032 remained phase separated up to 415 K and, above this temperature, was found to be single-phase tetragonal (F4/mmm). The phase separation temperature and the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature were obtained for all samples, allowing the shape of the miscibility gap to be determined.
A Brief Survey of Hydraulic Tests in Fractured Rocks

During the past 50 years, significant developments have advanced the application of hydraulic tests for investigating fluid flow through fractured media. An extensive body of literature from the groundwater, petroleum, and geotechnical engineering fields has established a firm knowledge base for analyzing hydraulic tests in granular media. Application of hydraulic tests to fractured rocks is difficult because of the highly heterogeneous nature of fractured rocks. In addition, many fractured rocks of interest have low permeability, a factor that presents special problems for field testing. This paper presents a brief survey of methods to deal with these difficulties, with an example from the U.S. Geological Survey fractured-rock research site near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Areas of future advances in hydraulic test analysis include better integration with geophysical methods that can image the subsurface, and effective use of numerical models and inverse methods to infer subsurface heterogeneity.
Silsesquioxanes as precursors to ceramic composites

Silsesquioxanes having the general structure RSiO(1.5), where R = methyl, propyl, or phenyl, melt flow at 70 to 100 C. Above 100 C, free OH groups condense. At 225 C further crosslinking occurs, and the materials form thermosets. Pyrolysis, with accompanying loss of volatiles, takes place at nominally 525 C. At higher temperatures, the R group serves as an internal carbon source for carbo-thermal reduction to SiC accompanied by the evolution of CO. By blending silsesquioxanes with varying R groups, both the melt rheology and composition of the fired ceramic can be controlled. Fibers can be spun from the melt which are stable in argon in 1400 C. The silsesquioxanes also were used as matrix precursors for Nicalon and alpha-SiC platelet reinforced composites.
Refinement of the structure of cubanite, CuFe2S3

Abstract : The structure of cubanite, CuFe2S3, was known from an earlier trial-and-error investigation. In this structure both iron and copper atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated to sulfur. The structure is peculiar in that the Fe tetrahedra share an edge giving rise to a short Fe-Fe distance which probably corresponds to a bond. Because of the ferromagnetism of cubanite it is important to know the details of the structure with accuracy. To this end the refining of the structure is herewith reported. The refining process was carried out in three stages: (1) by electron density projections, (2) by plane sections through the three-dimensional distribution of electron density, and (3) by differential line syntheses through each atom. In the refined structure, the Fe atoms are found to be coordinated to four S atoms at distances of 2.29, 2.28, 2.27, 2.25 A, and one Fe atom at 2.81 A. The shared tetrahedral edge is somewhat shortened, having a length of 3.61 A, as compared with the other edges of 3.71, 3.72, 3.73, 3.84, and 3.84 A.
Gynecomastia. Its incidence, recognition and host characterization in 447 autopsy cases.

Abstract Gynecomastia was found in 40 per cent of an unselected autopsy series consisting of 447 cases. The hyperplastic breasts were classified as either gynecomastia type I (florid) or gynecomastia type II (quiescent, fibrous). Since the breasts were grossly enlarged in just four patients, the high incidence was demonstrated only as a result of routine histologic examination. There was a significant association between gynecomastia and certain prostatic and testicular abnormalities, adrenocortical hyperplasia, thyroid changes, pancreatic islet and pancreatic duct hyperplasia, cirrhosis of the liver and diabetes mellitus. The incidence of untreated prostatic carcinoma was significant in patients with gynecomastia. No association was detected between gynecomastia and chronic lung disease, lung cancer as a whole, chronic renal disease, paraplegia, emaciation or drug administration. The findings indicate that gynecomastia occurs in men with endocrine imbalance and suggest estrogenic preponderance. It should not be attributed readily to non-hormonal diseases. The suggestion is advanced that endocrine investigation in adult men include a biopsy of the breasts.
The Masses and Pulsation Modes of Classical Cepheids

Recent general observations pertaining to the masses and pulsation modes of classical Cepheids are reviewed. Certain special ones of these variables that display unusual behavior such as long term amplitude variations, overtone pulsations, and double-mode behavior, including one Cepheid in the first and second overtones as well as those in the fundamental and first overtone, are discussed in some detail. I suggest that the amplitude varying supergiant Cepheid HR 7308, which seems to be pulsating in the second radial overtone, is alternating between states where there is enough helium to barely give kappa and gamma effect driving, and where the helium has settled too deep for this driving. Reestablishment of the helium may be due to rapid levitation of the CNONe elements which cause convection and which then dredge-up the helium again to suppress the convection and also to drive pulsations. The use of Fourier fitting to the light and velocity curves have revealed some features that are interesting and are discussed, such as the pulsation mode discrimination and the derivation of accurate Wesselink radii. The seven methods of determining the masses of these stars are presented with a short critique of each. Evolution and pulsation masses depend on uncertain observed luminosities, and these have been revised recently. Evolution masses also depend on the blue looping yellow giant evolution tracks that may need revision because of convective core overshooting and possible opacity, Z, or Y abundance increases. The most discrepant masses, however, are those that depend on period ratios – the “bump” and “beat” masses. The possibility that the Cepheid internal structure can be modified enough by doubling the material opacity seems unlikely. It is suggested, though, that perhaps the period ratio mass anomaly solution can be found in CNONe element enhancement by radiation absorption levitation that would give higher opacities by abundance effects instead of any revisions in the opacity calculations. Some details for this mass anomaly “solution” are presented.
UABCoRAL: A Preliminary study for Resolving the Scope of Negation

This paper describes our participation in the closed track of the *SEM 2012 Shared Task of finding the scope of negation. To perform the task, we propose a system that has three components: negation cue detection, scope of negation detection, and negated event detection. In the first phase, the system creates a lexicon of negation signals from the training data and uses the lexicon to identify the negation cues. Then, it applies machine learning approaches to detect the scope and negated event for each negation cue identified in the first phase. Using a preliminary approach, our system achieves a reasonably good accuracy in identifying the scope of negation.
Computer-aided evaluation of satellite networks in hostile environments

A geometric computer model which places satellites in either low-Earth or geosynchronous orbits is described. The model is used in conjunction with table lookup and interpolation from performance characteristics of spread-spectrum multiple-access communications schemes to determine link and end-to-end performance of satellite communications networks in hostile environments. The program is implemented on a DEC Microvax workstation for interactive operation. >
Alteration of Catalyst Surface Composition induced by γ-Irradiation

DURING a study of the influence of pre-irradiation of a supported silver catalyst by γ-rays on conversion and yield in the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide and CO2 and H2O, ESCA was employed to ascertain whether or not pre-irradiation altered the chemical composition of the silver catalyst surface. The influence of pre-irradiation on ethylene conversion and yield of ethylene oxide is reported elsewhere (J. J. Carberry, G. C. Kuczynski and E. Martinez, to be published); in this communication we wish to report changes in the surface chemical composition of the silver. We employed a Varian IEE-15 ESCA with an Mg source; K alpha energy line1.
Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial of VRC DNA and rAd5 HIV-1 Vaccine Delivery by Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC) and Intradermal (ID) Administration (VRC 011)

Background Phase 1 evaluation of the VRC HIV DNA and rAd5 vaccines delivered intramuscularly (i.m.) supported proceeding to a Phase 2 b efficacy study. Here we report comparison of the i.m., subcutaneous (s.c.) and intradermal (i.d.) routes of administration. Methods Sixty subjects were randomized to 6 schedules to evaluate the i.m., s.c. or i.d. route for prime injections. Three schedules included DNA primes (Wks 0,4,8) and 3 schedules included rAd5 prime (Wk0); all included rAd5 i.m. boost (Wk24). DNA vaccine dosage was 4 mg i.m. or s.c., but 0.4 mg i.d., while all rAd5 vaccinations were 1010 PU. All injections were administered by needle and syringe. Results Overall, 27/30 subjects completed 3 DNA primes; 30/30 subjects completed rAd5 primes. Mild local pruritus (itchiness), superficial skin lesions and injection site nodules were associated with i.d. and s.c., but not i.m. injections. All routes induced T-cell and antibody immune responses after rAd5 boosting. Overall, >95% had Env antibody and >80% had Env T-cell responses. Conclusions The pattern of local reactogenicity following i.d. and s.c. injections differed from i.m. injections but all routes were well-tolerated. There was no evidence of an immunogenicity advantage following s.c. or i.d. delivery, supporting i.m. delivery as the preferred route of administration. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00321061.
Understanding Adolescent Response to a Technology-Based Depression Prevention Program

Guided by the Behavioral Vaccine Theory of prevention, this study uses a no-control group design to examine intervention variables that predict favorable changes in depressive symptoms at 6- to 8-week follow-up in at-risk adolescents who participated in a primary care, Internet-based prevention program. Participants included 83 adolescents from primary care settings ages 14 to 21 (M = 17.5, SD = 2.04), 56.2% female, with 41% non-White. Participants completed self-report measures, met with a physician, and then completed a 14-module Internet intervention targeting the prevention of depression. Linear regression models indicated that several intervention factors (duration on website in days, the strength of the relationship with the physician, perceptions of ease of use, and the perceived relevance of the material presented) were significantly associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Automatic negative thoughts significantly mediated the relation between change in depressive symptoms scores and both duration of use and physician relationship. Several intervention variables predicted favorable changes in depressive symptom scores among adolescents who participated in an Internet-based prevention program, and the strength of two of these variables was mediated by automatic negative thoughts. These findings support the importance of cognitive factors in preventing adolescent depression and suggest that modifiable aspects of technology-based intervention experience and relationships should be considered in optimizing intervention design.
Viscous effects on the non-classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability of spherical material interfaces

The viscous and conductivity effects on the instability of a rapidly expanding material interface produced by a spherical shock tube are investigated through the employment of a high-order WENO scheme. The instability is influenced by various mechanisms, which include (a) classical Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) effects, (b) Bell–Plesset or geometry/curvature effects, (c) the effects of impulsively accelerating the interface, (d) compressibility effects, (e) finite thickness effects, and (f) viscous effects. Henceforth, the present instability studied is more appropriately referred to as non-classical RT instability to distinguish it from classical RT instability. The linear regime is examined and the development of the viscous three-dimensional perturbations is obtained by solving a one-dimensional system of partial differential equations. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the viscous effects on the growth of the disturbances for various conditions. The inviscid analysis does not show the existence of a maximum amplification rate. The present viscous analysis, however, shows that the growth rate increases with increasing the wave number, but there exists a peak wavenumber beyond which the growth rate decreases with increasing the wave number due to viscous effects.
Carbon solubility in olivine: Implications for upper mantle evolution

Volcanic activity worldwide and carbonaceous phases in mantle xenoliths demonstrate that carbon is present in trace amounts in the modern mantle. We have determined that carbon solubility in olivine at 0.1 GPa and 1200 °C is below our detection limit (30 ppm by weight) but dissolves in excess of 100 ppm wt at 3.0 GPa, 1180–1530 °C. The significant solubility in mantle silicates may explain the rarity of carbonate-bearing xenoliths and the extreme age of diamonds. We propose a model in which low-pressure melting during mantle convection scavenges hydrogen and carbon from the primitive mantle and thereby reduces the content of these volatiles to below the silicate saturation limit and restricts carbonaceous and hydrous phases to the roots of continents isolated from convection.
Two Scaling Regimes for Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard Convection

Using a turbulence model, we derive two scaling regimes for rapidly rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard turbulent convection. For $\mathrm{Ra}{}_{*}l\mathrm{Ra}l\mathrm{Ra}{}_{**}$, where $\mathrm{Ra}{}_{*}$ and ${\mathrm{Ra}}_{**}$ are functions of $\ensuremath{\Omega}$, the Nusselt number Nu is a function only of the scaling variable $\mathrm{Ra}/\mathrm{Ra}{}_{*}$; this corresponds to the first regime. For $\mathrm{Ra}g{\mathrm{Ra}}_{**}$, $\mathrm{Nu}$ is almost unaffected by rotation and satisfies the nonrotating scaling law $\mathrm{Nu}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{Ra}{}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\sim}1/3$. The two scaling laws are confirmed by existing data.
Groupthink and the space shuttle Challenger accident: Toward a quantitative case analysis.

Research on historical cases of policy decisions thought to involve groupthink nearly always has been qualitative, rather than quantitative. We propose that observable antecedents and consequences can be used to code incidents in a group's decision process, thereby providing the basis for more rigorous, quantitative analyses. As a first step toward such a quantitative case analysis, we coded statements from the investigative report on the space shuttle Challenger accident as positive or negative instances of the observable antecedents and consequences of groupthink. Positive instances of groupthink were twice as frequent as negative instances. More importantly, during the 24 hours prior to launch the ratio of positive to negative instances increased, then remained high. These results are consistent with the notion that the decision to launch the Challenger involved groupthink and provide a first step toward more rigorous quantitative analysis of historical or current decision processes.
Preparation of 4-alkanesulfinyl-Δ4-1,3-oxathianes and Δ4-1,3-oxathianes. On the resistance of endocyclic ketene dithioacetals to nucleophilic attack

Abstract 4-Alkanesulfinyl-Δ 4 -1,3-oxathianes are formed by oxidation of 4-alkylthio-Δ 4 -1,3-oxathianes using metachloroperoxybenzoic acid. Treatment of 4-Alkanesulfinyl-Δ 4 -1,3-oxathianes with butyllithium resulted in desulfinylation to simpler Δ 4 -1,3-oxathianes in moderate yields. Both alkylthio- and alkanesulfinyl- substituted oxathianes were found to resist attack by nucleophiles precedented to add to ketene dithioacetals. It is speculated that the fixed geometry of the endocyclic C-S bond of these compounds renders them stereoelectronically resistant to nucleophilic attack.
Strength and Microstructure of Brazed Alumina‐Silicon Carbide Ceramic‐Matrix Composites

Alumina-silicon carbide whisker (Al2O3-SiCw) composite pieces were brazed under high vacuum with Ag-Cu-based active braze alloys. Joined specimens exhibit mean fracture strengths of 480 MPa (4.5 wt% titanium in braze) and 591 MPa (2.0 wt% titanium in braze) in four-point bend tests; these strengths are 78%−96% of the measured strength of the composite. The interfacial phases have been identified, by using transmission electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis, as being Ti3(Cu,Al,Si)3O, Ti5Si3, TiC, and γ-TiO, and the relative locations of the interfacial phases are described. The high strengths are believed to result from both good wetting behavior under high vacuum and the composite nature of the reaction product morphology.
Potential-derived point-charge model study of electrostatic interactions in DNA base components.

Abstract Ab initio electrostatic potentials obtained using STO-3G wavefunctions for guanine. cytosine adenine, and thymine are used to calculate potential-derived (PD) point charges for these base components. Calculated PD point charges are used to estimate the electrostatic contributions to hydrogen-bonding and stacking interaction energies of ten sequence isomers of B-DNA. These estimates are in excellent agreement with the results of the more elaborate segmental multipole moment expansion technique.
Interrelationships of e , h/e and e/m

IN a report1 presented some twenty months ago on the values of e, h and e/m, attention was directed to the numerous inconsistencies shown by the experimental data. More recent developments have resolved a number of these inconsistencies, and it now seems possible to reduce all the really precise experimental data in such a way that only one fundamental discrepancy remains. Because of the great amount of experimental material here involved, it is necessary to omit all details in the present brief letter. I wish merely to remark that I am now using for c the value2 2.99776 × 1010 cm./sec., in place of the former 2.99796.
The selenium analog of methimazole. Measurement of its inhibitory effect on type I 5'-deiodinase and of its antithyroid activity

Methimazole (MMI), unlike propylthiouracil (PTU) is a poor inhibitor of type I iodothyronine deiodinase (ID-1). Inhibition of the enzyme by PTU was attributed initially to formation of a mixed disulfide between PTU and a cysteine residue at the active site. Presumably, MMI was unable to form a stable mixed disulfide and thus did not inhibit the enzyme. However, it has been demonstrated recently that ID-1 is a selenium-containing enzyme, with selenocysteine, rather than cysteine, at the active site. This observation raised the possibility that the selenium analog of MMI, methyl selenoimidazole (MSeI), might be a better inhibitor of ID-1 than MMI itself, as formation of the Se-Se bond with the enzyme would be expected to occur more readily than formation of the S-SE bond. To test this possibility, we developed a procedure for the synthesis of MSeI and compared MSeI with MMI and PTU for inhibition of ID-1 and for antithyroid activity. For inhibition of ID-1, MMI and MSeI were tested at concentrations of 10-300 microM. No significant inhibition was observed with MMI. MSeI showed slight but significant inhibition only in the 100-300 microM range. PTU, on the other hand, showed marked inhibition at 1 microM. Thus, replacement of the sulfur in MMI with selenium only marginally increases its inhibitory effect on ID-1. As an inhibitor of ID-1, MSeI is much less than 1% as potent as PTU. MMI and MSeI were also compared for antithyroid activity, both in vivo and in vitro. As an inhibitor of the catalytic activity of thyroid peroxidase, MMI was 4-5 times more potent than MSeI in a guaiacol assay, but only twice as potent in an iodination assay. In in vivo experiments with rats, MMI was at least 50 times more potent than MSeI in inhibiting thyroidal organic iodine formation. The relatively low potency of MSeI in vivo suggests that it is much less well concentrated by the thyroid than in MMI.
Dynamic estimation of the myocardial oxygen extraction ratio during dipyridamole stress by MRI: A preliminary study in canines

The myocardial oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. The feasibility of quantifying myocardial OEF was demonstrated with MRI during pharmacologic vasodilation in dogs. Dipyridamole was infused intravenously to increase blood flow and change in myocardial oxygen content. Arterial and coronary sinus blood sampling was performed during dipyridamole-induced vasodilation to measure the myocardial blood oxygen content. Myocardial T(2) was measured dynamically during the vasodilation, and quantified with a simplified diffusion model as a function of myocardial OEF and blood volume. The results showed a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.89) between myocardial OEF values measured by MRI and those measured by blood sampling. Regional differences in the OEF were demonstrated by direct infusion of dipyridamole into coronary arteries in dogs. Combined with vasodilator stress, dynamic assessments of the OEF may provide a putative measurement of myocardial flow reserve and allow consecutive monitoring of myocardial dose and response.
Enhancement of alkaline phytase production in Pichia pastoris: influence of gene dosage, sequence optimization and expression temperature.

Abstract Supplementation of animal feed with phytases has proven to be an effective strategy to alleviate phosphorous contamination of soil and water bodies. The inability of non-ruminant animals to digest phytates in corn and soybeans contributes to environmental contamination. Alkaline phytase from lily pollen (LlALP) exhibits unique catalytic and thermal stability properties that could be useful as a feed supplement. rLlALP2 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris ; however, enzyme yields were modest (8–10 mg/L). In this paper, we describe our efforts to enhance rLlALP2 yield by investigating the influence of the following potential limiting factors: transgene copy number, codon bias, sequence optimization, and temperature during expression. Data presented indicate that increasing rLlAlp2 copy number was detrimental to heterologous expression, clones with one copy of wt - rLlAlp2 produced the highest activity, clones with two, four and seven or more copies produced 70%, 25% and 10% respectively, of enzyme activity implying that gene dosage is not limiting rLlALP2 yield. Use of a sequence-optimized rLlAlp2 increased the yield of the active enzyme by 25–50% in one/two copy clones, suggesting that translational efficiency is not a major bottleneck for rLlALP2 expression. Reducing the temperature during heterologous expression led to increases of 1.2–20-fold suggesting that protein folding and post-translational processes may be the dominant factors limiting rLlALP2 expression. Early knowledge of the transgene copy number allowed us to develop a more rational strategy for yield enhancement. Cumulatively, sequence optimization and temperature reduction led to the doubling of rLlALP2 enzyme activity in P. pastoris .
Almost periodic differential equations and almost periodic flows

which is unique and continuous in t and x0 . The main object is to show that if cp(t, x0) is u.a.p., then the number of its basic frequencies in addition to those of +(x, t) is at most rz 1, and if the number is n -1, then the additional base is an integral base. In order to do this we first have to clarify the relationship between the Fourier exponents of +(x, t) as a function of t and those of cp(t, x0). Further the solution cp(t, x0) itself is not a continuous flow unless Jl(cp(s, x0), t) is independent of t, but the result is obtained by means of other continuous flows determined by cp(t, x0), and the method leads to results on the decomposition of orbit closures of almost periodic continuous flows.