cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computation of the roll characteristics of a finned projectile

Abstract : The Computational Aerodynamics Branch, Launch and Flight Division has been actively developing the capability to predict the aerodynamics of US Army projectiles using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. Currently under development is the capability to predict the supersonic aerodynamics of finned projectiles such as kinetic energy (KE) penetrators. In the current research effort, several important aerodynamic parameters which influence the roll characteristics of a fielded kinetic energy projectile (M735) have been predicted using CFD techniques. These parameters include the roll producing moment (at zero spin rate), the roll damping moment, and the equilibrium spin rate, defined as the spin rate for which the net roll moment is zero. Viscous CFD computations have been performed over a range of Mach numbers and spin rates using the US Army's Cray-2 supercomputer located at the Ballistic Research Laboratory. The computed results have been used to benchmark and validate engineering approaches for computing these aerodynamics coefficients.
A diagnostic balance model for studies of weather systems of low and high latitudes /Rossby number less than 1/

Diagnostic balance model for small Rossby numbers applicable to studies of weather systems of high and low latitudes
Smears and Frozen Sections in Surgical Neuropathology

Smears and Frozen Sections in Surgical Neuropathology Peter C. Burger PB Medical Publishing, Baltimore, MD Copyright 2009, 690 pages, $250.00 Available at www.atlasbooks.com Peter C. Burger's new book is an excellent guide to intraoperative neuropathology consultation. It contains more than 650 pages of concise and informative text and more than 1,500 beautiful colored photomicrographs, gross intraoperative photographs, and black-and-white radiographic images. The text encompasses both basic instruction and advanced diagnostic insights and is thus well suited for the general surgical pathologist and neuropathology resident or fellow, as well as the experienced practitioner. Initial short chapters discuss important general concepts such as effective communication with the surgeon, specimen evaluation, techniques and advantages and disadvantages of smears and frozen sections, Dr Burger's basic diagnostic algorithm, certain problem scenarios during the intraoperative consultation, clinical and radiological considerations, and differential diagnosis by anatomical site and pathological features. The “Clinical and Radiological Considerations” chapter discusses radiological appearances of infiltrative and noninfiltrative tumors, cysts, and hemorrhages and steps to determining if the intraoperative sample is representative of the lesion. The “Differential Diagnosis by Anatomic …
Service Learning Education and Practice Partnerships in Maternal‐Infant Health

This article examines the concept of service learning in nursing practice and education. The benefits of education and practice partnerships for the community partners and organizations, students, nursing staff, the health care system, and academic institutions are described. Examples of innovative service learning projects with undergraduate nursing students that impact maternal-infant health are presented. A successful interdisciplinary campus and community partnership service learning project with students in a community nutrition course is highlighted.
An investigation of causes of patient satisfaction/dissatisfaction with physician services.

To provide the highest level of satisfaction, health care providers must control patients' expectations and perception of treatment quality. This study is designed to gain insight into the perception and attitudes of consumers toward physician services. It attempts to examine the satisfaction/dissatisfaction of patients in association with the cost and quality of medical care; interpersonal skills, copmetence and professional recognition of physicians; information provided and attention given by physicians; waiting time, physical facilities, and receptioninsts and nurses in the physicians office. Data was gathered using telephone interviews from a sample of 245 respondents. Factor analysis techniques in the SPSSX software package were used in data analysis. Findings indicated that there are generally favorable attitudes toward the quality of medical services, and that medical cost has secondary importance.
Dielectric function for alkali halide crystals

The wave-vector dependent dielectric function for LiCl, LiBr, LiI, NaCl, NaBr, Nal, KCl, KBr, and KI is calculated using a model originally proposed by Fry. An approximate analytical expression for the screened Coulomb potential is also given. En utilisant un modele propose le premier par Fry, on calcule la fonction dielectrique qui depend du vecteur d'onde pour LiCl, LiBr, LiI, NaCl, NaBr, Nal, KCl, KBr et KI. On donne aussi une expression analytique approchee pour le potential de Coulomb masque.
Constraint propagation with interval labels

Abstract Constraint propagation is often used in AI systems to perform inference about quantities. This paper studies one particular kind of constraint propagation, where quantities are labelled with signs or with intervals, and these labels are propagated through recorded constraints. We review the uses of such inference schemes in AI systems of various kinds, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, we determine the completeness and running time of constraint propagation for various kinds of labels and constraints.
Sapphire whiskers from boehmite gel seeded with α-alumina

Abstract Sapphire whiskers were grown in thin films of boehmite (AlOOH) gel seeded with α-alumina seeds at temperatures from 900 to 1200°C. The whiskers were 20–60 nm in diameter and had lengths up to 10 μm. The diameter was found to increase with temperature. The crystallographic growth direction of the whiskers was at 46° to the c -axis of α-alumina. The sides of the whiskers were faceted, exposing the pyramidal planes. A special technique used to prepare the films allowed us to characterize them directly by transmission electron microscopy. Details of the technique are described.
Cortical-cortical pathways involved in reinforcement.

To learn a simple pattern discrimination an organism must be able to integrate its response experience with reinforcement information. The importance of cortical pathways in this integration can be tested with people who have had midline section of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure in an effort to control the interhemispheric spread of seizures1.
Abstract 834: NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) stabilization of C/EBPα against 20S proteasomal degradation leads to protection against radiation-induced myeloproliferative diseases.

NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) is a flavoprotein that protects cells against radiation and chemical induced oxidative stress. Disruption of NQO2 gene in mice leads to γ-radiation-induced myeloproliferative diseases. In this report, we found that NQO2 in presence of its cofactor NRH protected C/EBPα against 20S degradation. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that 20S proteasome and NQO2 both interact with myeloid differentiation factor C/EBPα. 20S proteasome interaction with C/EBPα led to the degradation of C/EBPα. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that NQO2 and 20S competed for the same binding region of S(268)GAGAGKAKKSV(279) in C/EBPα. Exposure of mice and HL-60 cells to γ-radiation enhanced the levels of NQO2, which led to increased NQO2 interaction with C/EBPα and decreased 20S interaction with C/EBPα. This resulted in the stabilization of C/EBPα and protection against γ-radiation-induced myeloproliferative diseases. NQO2-/- mice deficient in NQO2 failed to stabilize C/EBPα. This contributed to the development of γ-radiation-induced myeoproliferative disease in NQO2-/- mice. Citation Format: Junkang Xu, Anil Jaiswal. NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) stabilization of C/EBPα against 20S proteasomal degradation leads to protection against radiation-induced myeloproliferative diseases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 834. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-834
Effects of L-cocaine on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat.

Abstract The 2-deoxy- d -[1- 14 C]glucose method was used to map the in vivo metabolic response (local cerebral glucose utilization, LCGU) to l -cocaine in the rat brain. Injections of l -cocaine HCl (30 mg/kg, i.p.) selectively enhanced LCGU in 5 out of 56 brain regions that were examined (caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellar vermis), but 10 or 30 mg/kg l -cocaine reduced LCGU in the habenula. In general, the acute effects of l -cocaine on LCGU resembled previously reported effects of d -amphetamine and apomorphine.
Single Crystalline Alkaline-Earth Metal Hexaboride One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization

Catalytic material-assisted growth of alkaline-earth metal hexaboride (MB6, M = Sr, Ba) 1D nanostructures was achieved by pyrolysis of diborane (B2H6) over alkaline-earth metal oxide (MO) powders at elevated temperature (∼840−870 °C) and low pressure (∼165 mTorr). The as-synthesized MB6 1D nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the MB6 nanostructures are single crystalline with the preferred growth direction along [001]. The SrB6 nanowires are ∼20−100 nm in diameter and ∼2−5 μm in length. The BaB6 nanostructures have a rectangular cross section (width ∼20−300 nm) and are ∼5−20 μm in length. The growth of these MB6 nanostructures can be attributed to a nontraditional vapor−solid−liquid (VLS)-like growth mechanism. The as-synthesized MB6 1D nanostructures are promising n-type low-dimensional thermoelectric materials.
GROWTH, ORGANIC NITROGEN FRACTIONS, AND BUFFER CAPACITY IN RELATION TO HARDINESS OF PLANTS.

Since the evidence in the literature has become somewhat confused upon several points relating to winter hardiness in plants, it seemed desirable to investigate some of the points of controversy according to a newer technique and with the benefit of more specific information that has recently become available. The newer emphasis, that hardiness does not exist as such in a hardy variety, but that it must be developed, has been the result of the work of a number of investigators. "Within the past year or two it has been shown that winter wheat plants of the most hardy varieties harden only poorly when placed at a low temperature in the dark (15, 3). The whole matter of increase in resistance to cold has been connected with opportunity for photosynthesis, storage of organic foods, low respiration, and slight vegetative growth (3, 7).
Binary Division Attack for Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public key cryptography (PKC) that is based on algebraic operations with elliptic curves defined over finite fields. Security of elliptic curve cryptography is based on the hardness of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Although there is no theoretical proof that ECDLP is intractable, no general-purpose sub-exponential running time algorithm has been found for solving the ECDLP if the elliptic curve parameters are chosen properly. In this study, we develop a new security attack based on the binary division of elliptic curve points over prime fields that may be used to solve the ECDLP when the order q of elliptic curve satisfies the congruence q = 2 (mod 4). To perform the binary division, we devise a novel algorithm of point halving on elliptic curves defined over prime fields that applies to the cases when q = 1 (mod 2) and q = 2 (mod 4). The binary division attack has exponential worst-case asymptotic time complexity but in certain practical cases can be used to solve the ECDLP in a relatively efficient way. We therefore make a recommendation to avoid the case of q = 2 (mod 4) in elliptic curve cryptosystems.
Integrated mandatory access control for digital data

This paper presents an integrated mandatory access control (MAC) framework that incorporates MAC mechanisms at both operating system and application layers for digital data. The framework uses Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) as the foundation for MAC at the operating system layer. It uses XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) as the base mechanism for specifying and embedding information-layer MAC policies. This framework is designed to be general-purpose, flexible, and capable of providing fine-grained access control. This paper also describes a high-level architecture of a prototype being developed for the framework. One targeted application domain for this framework is information sharing and dissemination in a multi-level security environment.
The time course of face processing: startle eyeblink response modulation by face gender and expression

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of both facial expression and face gender on startle eyeblink response patterns at varying lead intervals (300, 800, and 3500 ms) indicative of attentional and emotional processes. We aimed to determine whether responses to affective faces map onto the Defense Cascade Model (Lang et al., 1997) to better understand the stages of processing during affective face viewing. At 300 ms, there was an interaction between face expression and face gender with female happy and neutral faces and male angry faces producing inhibited startle. At 3500 ms, there was a trend for facilitated startle during angry compared to neutral faces. These findings suggest that affective expressions are perceived differently in male and female faces, especially at short lead intervals. Future studies investigating face processing should take both face gender and expression into account.
Blind background calibration of harmonic distortion based on selective sampling

This paper proposes a blind calibration algorithm for suppressing harmonic distortion in analog to digital converters (ADCs). The proposed algorithm does not need any external calibration signal and is first of its kind. The proposed algorithm relies on the properties of downsampling and orthogonality of sinusoidal signals to estimate the harmonic distortion coefficients. The algorithm can be operated in both foreground and background modes to remove even and odd harmonics simultaneously. The algorithm is demonstrated on a first-order ring oscillator based ΔΣ ADC, whose performance is harmonic distortion limited. Built in 0.13μm, the algorithm improves the SNDR of the ADC by 39dB while improving SFDR by 45 dB.
Some Changes in Dry Whole Milk during Storage

Summary and Conclusions The following non-lipid changes occur in dry whole milk during storage: development of a stale or burnt feathers flavor, production of acid ferricyanide and indophenol reducing substances, production of carbon dioxide, utilization of oxygen, production of water, production of extractable fluorescent materials, browning, loss of lactose, increase in acidity and loss in protein solubility. All of these changes increase in rate with increase in moisture content and temperature but appear to be relatively unaffected by oxygen. The rate of change in those variables for which adequate data were obtained increased logarithmically with increase in the vapor pressure of the water in the system, at least during the initial stages.
Sulfhydryls—A New Factor in Frost Resistance. IV. Relation of GSH-Oxidizing Activity to Flower Induction & Hardiness

It was previously shown (7) that GSH5-oxidizing activity increases progressively during the first and second stages of hardiness, though total SH content increases during the first and frequently decreases or fails to change during the second stage. Although frost resistance rises parallel with the increase in GSH-oxidizing activity, the question was raised whether this change is a true hardiness factor or perhaps a vernalization factor leading to flowering. In order to settle this question, the GSH-oxidizing activity was followed during the vernalization of wheat, in relation to both the change in frost resistance and in ability to flower. The effect of photoperiod on the activity was also tested.
Professional Norms versus Managerialism in Campus Mental Health Centers: The Experiences of Eight Clinicians.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand better how, if at all, eight campus-based mental health clinicians experienced and negotiated managerialist practices, and with what outcomes...
Motion fading is driven by perceived, not actual angular velocity.

After prolonged viewing of a slowly drifting or rotating pattern under strict fixation, the pattern appears to slow down and then momentarily stop. Here we examine the relationship between such ‘motion fading’ and perceived angular velocity. Using several different dot patterns that generate emergent virtual contours, we demonstrate that whenever there is a difference in the perceived angular velocity of two patterns of dots that are in fact rotating at the same angular velocity, there is also a difference in the time to undergo motion fading for those two patterns. Conversely, whenever two patterns show no difference in perceived angular velocity, even if in fact rotating at different angular velocities, we find no difference in the time to undergo motion fading. Thus, motion fading is driven by the perceived rather than actual angular velocity of a rotating stimulus.
A time-domain digital cochlear model

The author presents a digital time-domain model of the human cochlea designed to represent normal auditory functioning and to allow for degradation related to auditory impairment. The model consists of the middle ear, the mechanical motion of the cochlea, and the neural transduction of the inner hair cells. The traveling waves on the cochlear partition are represented by a cascade of digital filter sections, and the cochlear micromechanics are represented by a second filter that further sharpens the excitation to the inner hair cells. The neural firing rate is determined by the sum of the outputs of multiple fibers attached to each inner hair cell, with the fiber neurons having firing characteristics representative of low- and high-spontaneous-rate fibers. The signal processing cochlear model incorporates dynamic-range compression by adjusting the Q of each cochlear filter section and second filter in response to the second-filter velocity and the averaged neural firing rate. Examples of the model response to impulse and tone-burst stimuli and to synthetic speech are presented. >
Optical characterization of wiregrid micropolarizers designed for infrared imaging polarimetry.

We report the optical characterization of a metal wiregrid micropolarizer array for IR imaging polarimetry. The micropolarizers are designed for operation in the 1.5-5.0 μm band with a specially designed thin SiO2 layer between the silicon substrate and the wiregrids to improve the performance at the shorter wavelengths. Deep-UV projection lithography is used to fabricate 140-nm-deep wiregrids with a 400 nm period. The extinction ratio and the transmission coefficient are measured with a tunable IR laser. A TM transmission coefficient greater than 70% with an extinction ratio greater than 104 is achieved for the midwave-IR region while maintaining an extinction ratio better than 102 for the near-IR region above 1.5 μm.
A low-rate vocoder based on an adaptive subband formant analysis

A formant-based analysis technique has been developed that avoids some of the problems inherent in formant tracking by fitting a second order spectrum to separate subbands of the measured spectrum. Synthesis is performed using a high quality channel vocoder for which the modulator gains are set by sampling the envelope obtained from the formant-based analysis. By using a fixed bandwidth versus frequency rule, the number of parameters to be transmitted has been limited to the resonant frequency and gain of each of three subbands. By using 4-bit logarithmic coding and frame-fill interpolation methods, successful vocoding at 800 bps has been achieved.
Bottom-emitting 850 nm selectively oxidized VCSELs fabricated using wafer bonding

We report on bottom-emitting 850 nm selectively oxidized vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) that are wafer bonded to AlGaAs substrates. We employ a simple low temperature wafer bonding process that uses inert N/sub 2/ gas during the bonding anneal rather than H/sub 2/.
Outcome of laparoscopic radical and open partial nephrectomy for the sporadic 4 cm. or less renal tumor with a normal contralateral kidney.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Nephron sparing surgery provides effective therapy in patients with a solitary sporadic renal tumor 4 cm. or less and a normal contralateral kidney. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been applied as a newer alternative therapy in these patients. These 2 contemporary approaches represent divergent treatment alternatives at centers where laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery is not offered. We compared the short-term and long-term impact of these 2 treatment modalities in patients with a sporadic localized solitary renal tumor 4 cm. or less and a normal opposite kidney.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of a contemporary series of patients (1996 to 2001) who underwent open nephron sparing surgery and met study inclusion criteria was performed and compared with a similar cohort (1997 to 2001) that underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Only patients with a single renal tumor of 4 cm. or less, normal serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg./dl. and a normal contralateral kidney we...
Variable‐angle epifluorescence microscopy: a new way to look at protein dynamics in the plant cell cortex

Live-cell microscopy imaging of fluorescent-tagged fusion proteins is an essential tool for cell biologists. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has joined confocal microscopy as a complementary system for the imaging of cell surface protein dynamics in mammalian and yeast systems because of its high temporal and spatial resolution. Here we present an alternative to TIRFM, termed variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy (VAEM), for the visualization of protein dynamics at or near the plasma membrane of plant epidermal cells and root hairs in whole, intact seedlings that provides high-signal, low-background and near real-time imaging. VAEM uses highly oblique subcritical incident angles to decrease background fluorophore excitation. We discuss the utilities and advantages of VAEM for imaging of fluorescent fusion-tagged marker proteins in studying cortical cytoskeletal and membrane proteins. We believe that the application of VAEM will be an invaluable imaging tool for plant cell biologists.
On the contribution of line-edge roughness to intralevel TDDB lifetime in low-k dielectrics

A TDDB reliability experiment was performed on interdigitated comb structures with intentionally severe line-edge roughness and the results were then compared to a simple theoretical model. It is seen that for the case studied, the predictions of the model do not compare well to the experimental data, but that for some observed cases the effect of reducing spacing between lines is so strong that more substantial defects must be invoked as a source of failure.
Auditory Information Processing by Normal and C. V. A. Hemiplegic Adults

This study is one of a series in which operant research equipment and information-theory findings are used in an experimental analysis of human information processing of auditory stimuli. Right hemiplegics, left hemiplegics, non-brain-damaged patients, and normal adults were presented three levels of tasks ranging from easy to moderately difficult. The brain-damaged Ss showed greater inter-subject differences and were less proficient than the control groups on the moderately difficult tasks. It was suggested that laterality differences may only be apparent on more difficult tasks. The study demonstrated the feasibility of rigorous research procedures for assessing individual patients' auditory information processing.
From Coexpression to Coregulation: An Approach to Inferring Transcriptional Regulation among Gene Classes from Large-Scale Expression Data

We provide preliminary evidence that existing algorithms for inferring small-scale gene regulation networks from gene expression data can be adapted to large-scale gene expression data coming from hybridization microarrays. The essential steps are (1) clustering many genes by their expression time-course data into a minimal set of clusters of co-expressed genes, (2) theoretically modeling the various conditions under which the time-courses are measured using a continious-time analog recurrent neural network for the cluster mean time-courses, (3) fitting such a regulatory model to the cluster mean time courses by simulated annealing with weight decay, and (4) analysing several such fits for commonalities in the circuit parameter sets including the connection matrices. This procedure can be used to assess the adequacy of existing and future gene expression time-course data sets for determining transcriptional regulatory relationships such as coregulation.
The effects of adverse condition warning system characteristics on driver performance: An investigation of alarm signal type and threshold level

This study addresses the issues concerning the design of adverse condition warning systems (ACWS). ACWS are designed to sense adverse road and weather conditions as well as system states that can negatively impact driving performance leading to skids or accidents, and alert drivers to these conditions. In this case, an ACWS was designed to sense when a car was likely to skid. A virtual-driving environment was used to test two levels of alarm sensitivity (low and high) and two types of auditory alarm signal (Binary ON/OFF and Graded) along with a no-alarm control group. Dependent measures reflected driver performance, response to the alarm signal and trust in the alerting system. Results indicated that participants had fewer skids in the low sensitivity and graded alarm signal condition compared to some other alerting system configurations. Participants in the graded alarm signal condition also had a greater degree of lateral control over the vehicle. Additionally, trust was found to be lower for the high ...
Issues in wireless mobile computing

The trend toward possible computers with interfaces to wireless network technologies is examined. The question of needed research and specification of hardware is discussed, the major challenges, such as services for the mobile user, mobile internetworking and adjusting to new technologies are described, and a listing of outstanding questions which must be resolved is presented. >
Patterned Deposition of Nanoparticles Using Dip Pen Nanolithography For Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Ordered carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by deposition of nanoparticle catalysts using dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is presented. DPN is a direct write, tip based lithography technique capable of multi-component deposition of a wide range of materials with nanometer precision. A NanoInk NLP 2000 is used to pattern different catalytic nanoparticle solutions on various substrates. To generate a uniform pattern of nanoparticle clusters, various conditions need to be considered. These parameters include: the humidity in the vessel, temperature, and tip-surface dwell time. By patterning different nanoparticle solutions next to each other, identical growth conditions can be compared for different catalysts in a streamlined analysis process. Fe, Ni, and Co nanoparticle solutions patterned on silicon, mica, and graphite substrates serve as nucleation sites for CNT growth. The CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction. Each nanoparticle patterned substrate is placed in a tube furnace held at 725°C during CNT growth. The carbon source used in the growth chamber is toluene. The toluene is injected at a rate of 5 mL/hr. Growth is observed for Fe and Ni nanoparticle patterns, but is lacking for the Co patterns. The results of these reactions provide important information regarding efficient and highly reproducible mechanisms for CNT growth.
Creep-rupture and fractographic analysis of candidate stirling engine superalloys tested in air

The creep-rupture behavior of six candidate Stirling engine iron-base superalloys was determined in air. The alloys tested included four wrought alloys (A-286, INCOLOY® Alloy 800H* N-155, and 19-9DL) and two cast alloys (CRM-6D and XF-818). The wrought alloys were evaluated in the form of sheet, 0.79 to 0.99 mm thick. The cast alloy specimens were investment cast to shape and finish machined to 6.38-mm-gauge diameter. The creep-rupture specimens were tested in air for times up to 3000 hours, over the temperature range 650‡ to 925 ‡C. The rupture life, minimum creep rate, and time to 1 pct creep strain data were statistically analyzed and published.1,2 In this paper, microstructural and fractographic aspects of the ruptured specimens are discussed, with only a few correlational graphical analyses included for XF-818 and 19-9DL. Tests are continuing in 15 MPa hydrogen, and later these data will be correlated with air data and microstructural analysis of the specimens conducted.
Verbal Instructions and Conducting Gestures: Examining Two Modes of Communication

This study sought to examine the relative effectiveness of two forms of communication: verbal instructions and conducting gestures. High school choral students (N = 44) performed “Music Alone Shall...
Lithographic Performance of Advanced, Thin Resists

In order to shrink minimum feature sizes, many next-generation resists are being developed. One novel resist, based on a hyperbranched, dendritic polymer chemistry, is examined and compared to UVII-HS and APEX-E standard resists in order to determine its effectiveness and manufacturability. Data to date shows that many parameters of the dendritic hyperbranched resist are quite comparable to these standard resists: it is sensitive to 35 kV e-beam at 6uC/cm 2 , i-line (365 nm) at 600uC/cm 2 and 248 nm light. The resist is nearly as resistant to etching as current resist technologies. It can also act as either a positive or negative tone resist. Preliminary line edge roughness data show that the dendrimer resist appears to be at least comparable if not superior to standard resists in this regard as well. The expected benefits envisioned in the development of dendritic resist materials (by Frechet group, ref 1) appear to be attainable in practice. Namely that higher polymer density and improved geometry allow smaller end-to-end chain lengths.
Inter-kernel data reuse and pipelining on chip-multiprocessors for multimedia applications

The increasing demand for low power and high performance multimedia embedded systems has motivatedation bandwidth and latency requirements under a tight power budge the need for effective solutions to satisfy applict. As technology scales, it is imperative that applications are optimized to take full advantage of the underlying resources and meet both power and performance requirements. We propose a methodology capable of discovering and enabling parallelism opportunities via code transformations, efficiently distributing the computational load across resources, and minimizing unnecessary data transfers. Our approach decomposes the application's tasks into smaller units of computations called kernels, which are distributed and pipelined across the different processing resources. We exploit the ideas of inter-kernel data reuse to minimize unnecessary data transfers between kernels and early execution edges to drive performance. Our experimental results on a JPEG2000 case study show up to 80% performance improvement and 60% dynamic power reduction over standard application mapping approaches.
Regulatory Agency Control Through Appointment: The Case of the Eisenhower Administration and the Nlrb

W A WHATEVER THE EXPECTATIONS of the early supporters of independent commissions as governmental devices, these agencies have not been divorced from politics. Continuing activity of all kinds by those whose vital interests are affected by agency action has been as characteristic of the lives of the so-called "independent" regulatory commissions as it has been of executive, presumably "non-independent" agencies. Regulated interests use whatever means they find available and consider useful to affect, first, the character of the regulatory legislation itself and then the direction of the agency that applies it. Judicialized procedures, the separation of agency functions, intercessions by Congressmen with agency officials, Congressional investigations, ex parte contacts by the regulated with administrators are important methods of influencing the course of regulatory action. It is not surprising, then, that the appointive process, formally involving the President and the Senate, is also seen as a crucial, direct means of getting the agency to read the law as the regulated parties themselves would. Since it is the President and the Senate who finally decide who fills agency positions, they naturally become the focus of vigorous clientele activity to influence these selections. For Presidents who want to fix their stamp on the policies developed by the independent commissions, the opportunity to appoint their members is used with no reluctance. And it probably can be said that in the last analysis it is at this stage that the vigor or drift that will characterize these agencies is determined. This paper focuses on efforts of the regulated clientele of one independent commission, the National Labor Relations Board, to invoke in their own behalf the Presidential appointive power in the Eisenhower years. As with all case studies dealing with limited, and in many respects unique situations, any general inferences that are drawn must be considered suggestive rather than conclusive. But what emerges from this discussion is additional evidence, if any is
Flip chip die cracking - a simplified approach utilizing experimentation and simulations

Flip chip assemblies are widely used in the electronics industry, in a range of electronic systems from low-end consumer products to high performance automotive controllers. However, residual stresses of a high magnitude are present in the structure due to differential thermal contraction rates of the various members of the assembly. This can lead to the problem of flip chip die cracking during manufacture or service, particularly if the exposed surface of the die is scratched or damaged. The need to easily predict die cracking potential in flip chip assemblies is therefore of considerable interest to the industry, especially for automotive electronics applications where the reliability requirements coupled with the field environment create a need for highly robust products. In this investigation, the problem of flip chip die cracking is approached from an industry perspective from two separate angles. The first involves the determination of the intrinsic strength of production-intent flip chip die using bend testing. The second angle involves the determination of stress levels in flip chip assemblies during manufacture and service using simulations. By comparing die strength with induced stresses, the potential for die cracking can be readily evaluated. Moreover, the impact of damage on the die surface can be quantified and the damage tolerance in a given design can be estimated.
Doing the twist: diagonal meshes are isomorphic to twisted toroidal meshes

We show that a k/spl times/n diagonal mesh is isomorphic to a (n+k)/2/spl times/(n+k)/2-(n-k)/2/spl times/(n-k)/2 twisted toroidal mesh, i.e., a network similar to a standard (n+k)/2/spl times/(n+k)/2 toroidal mesh, but with opposite handed twists of (n-k)/2 in the two directions, which results in a loss of ((n-k)/2)/sup 2/ nodes.
Cosmopoliteness in the Internet Age

The concept of cosmopoliteness previously has been associated with the diffusion of innovations. Previous research suggests that cosmopolites are earlier adopters of innovations (e.g., new media technologies) and that they use more diverse media sources. This paper details the history of the concept and identifies eight dimensions. Two surveys were employed to investigate the relationship between the concept of cosmopoliteness and new media technology usage. The results indicate that most Internet use behaviors are positively associated with cosmopoliteness. However, this pattern was not found for other media applications such as e-mail and watching DVDs. Implications of study findings are discussed.
Adaptations to Dangers from Humans

Killing, raping, assaulting, abusing, cuckolding, humiliating, derogating, demeaning, and a host of other cost-inflicting behaviors were recurrent features of human ancestral environments. Converging evidence from a range of disciplines suggests that our ancestors recurrently faced myriad adaptive problem contexts for which cost-inflicting behavioral solutions could benefit genetic fitness.Through argument or omission, it is sometimes assumed that the victims of cost-inflicting behavior passively accept it. This is unlikely. When individuals inflicted costs on their victims recurrently in specific ancestral contexts, it created heavy selection pressure on the victims for the evolution of defenses to avoid the costs. The evolution of victim defenses created selection pressure for refinements in strategies of costinfliction, which created new selection pressure for better victim defenses: adaptation and counteradaptation ad infinitum. A perpetual antagonistic coevolutionary arms race propelled through the deep time of human evolutionary history by the powerful fitness gains and losses associated with the success or failure of cost-inflicting strategies on one side and victim defenses on the other has led to the evolution of increasingly complex, interrelated adaptations on both sides. Adaptations that inflict costs and evolved victim defenses can be fully understood only when illuminated by knowledge of their coevolved design features. Keywords: victimization; victim defenses; homicide; antihomicide defenses; homicide adaptation theory
Demand responsive transit systems with time-dependent demand: User equilibrium, system optimum, and management strategy

Abstract The operating cost of a demand responsive transit (DRT) system strictly depends on the quality of service that it offers to its users. An operating agency seeks to minimize operating costs while maintaining the quality of service while users experience costs associated with scheduling, waiting, and traveling within the system. In this paper, an analytical model is employed to approximate the agency's operating cost for running a DRT system with dynamic demand and the total generalized cost that users experience as a result of the operating decisions. The approach makes use of Vickrey's (1969) congestion theory to model the dynamics of the DRT system in the equilibrium condition and approximate the generalized cost for users when the operating capacity is inadequate to serve the time-dependent demand over the peak period without excess delay. The efficiency of the DRT system can be improved by optimizing one of three parameters that define the agency's operating decision: (1) the operating capacity of the system, (2) the number of passengers that have requested a pick-up and are awaiting service, and (3) the distribution of requested times for service from the DRT system. A schedule management strategy and dynamic pricing strategies are presented that can be implemented to manage demand and reduce the total cost of the DRT system by keeping the number of waiting requests optimized over the peak period. In the end, proposed optimization strategies are compared using a numerical example.
UO2-PUO2–A Demonstrated Fuel for Plutonium Utilization in Thermal Reactors

Irradiation performance data available to date indicate that the behavior of Zircaloy-clad thermal reactor mixed-oxide fuels is entirely satisfactory. There do not appear to be any inherent performance limitations created by the addition of small amounts of PuO2 to UO2. The wide range of test conditions include peak linear heat ratings sufficient to cause fuel melting and peak burnups to over 50 000 MWd/MTM.Because small PuO2 additions to UO2 have an insignificant effect on those fuel properties which could affect irradiation behavior, thermal reactor mixed-oxide fuel performs similarly and equally as well as UO2-only fuel. The evidence indicates that the PuO2-rich regions that persist in nonrestructured mechanically mixed, mixed-oxide fuel have an insignificant effect on performance. The extent of plutonium migration which can occur during irradiation also has an insignificant effect on mixed-oxide fuel behavior. Satisfactory defect behavior of Zircaloy-clad UO2-PuO2 fuel under normal operating condition...
Thermodynamic limitation for Ca2+ handling contributes to decreased contractile reserve in rat hearts

The free energy release from ATP hydrolysis (‖ΔG∼p‖) is decreased by inhibiting the creatine kinase (CK) reaction, which may limit the thermodynamic driving force for the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR...
Implementation of an inpatient anticoagulation teaching service: Expanding the role of pharmacy students and residents in patient education

Purpose The implementation of and early experience with an anticoagulation teaching service managed by pharmacy students and residents are described. Summary A structured anticoagulation teaching program was established to improve the provision of education services to inpatients scheduled for discharge home on anticoagulant therapy (consistent with the Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goal 03.05.01). The program served patients at three affiliated institutions and was designed to supplement pharmacists’ usual anticoagulation education activities. After completing supervised training in anticoagulation education and documentation procedures, pharmacy students and residents on rotation at the facilities staffed the service three days per week for five hours per day. In the first five months of operation, the teaching service significantly increased the rate of anticoagulation patient education (to 59.2%, compared with 39.1% during a specified five-month preimplementation period; p < 0.0001). Among patients educated through the teaching service, 60-day readmission rates for both anticoagulation-related and nonanticoagulation-related problems were lower than readmission rates among patients not receiving the structured education services. Conclusion Implementing an anticoagulation teaching service provided by pharmacy students and residents significantly increased the rate of patient education and lowered readmission rates.
Improved Isolation of Anaerobic Bacteria from the Mouse Gecum By Maintaining Continuous Strict Anaerobiosis.

SummaryTwo technics for anaerobic culture were compared for their efficiency in isolating anaerobic bacteria from the cecum of the mouse. A conventional method using a broth diluent and blood agar plates incubated in anaerobic jars recovered only 1.1-5.8% of the total number of bacteria present. In contrast, 19.7-33.7% of the total bacterial count was recovered when the specimen was processed by the Hungate technic, which entailed anaerobic collection, dilution in reduced fluid under CO2 and culture in roll tubes. Many of the bacteria isolated in this manner did not grow at all on blood agar plates incubated in anaerobic jars. The data presented indicate that the predominant, strictly anaerobic bacteria of the cecal flora were sensitive to even transient contact with atmospheric oxygen.
Determination of bromate in flour products by ion chromatography

Objective:To determine bromate in flour and flour products by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detector.Methods:The bromate was first extracted from the samples by ultrasound with pure water,then precipitator was added to deposit protein and remove lipid,and the supernatant was centrifuged,then Ag/H column was employed to remove chloridion,then the solution was filtrated through 0.20 μm filter membrane,finally the suppressed conductivity detector was used for detection after separation with DI-ONEX IonPac AS19 and elution with sodium hydroxide solution.Results:The concentration of bromate showed a good linearity in the range of 0.1 μg/ml～5.0 μg/ml,r=0.9998,the detection limit was 0.40 mg/kg,RSD was 3.72%～4.13%,the recovery rate was 90%～99%.Conclusion:This method has advantages of high sensitivity and precision and precision,rapidity and convenience.
Hemodynamic Sensors: Clinical Value in Vasovagal Syncope

Devising hemodynamic sensors capable of recognizing an imminent vasovagal faint in the absence of abrupt bradycardia remains a challenge. The ultimate goal is to enable implantable treatment devices, whether pacemakers, drug infusion systems, neural stimulators, or combined systems, to react promptly and reliably interrupt an impending event, whether the hypotension be the result of cardioinhibition, vasodilation, or a combination of both. A more limited goal is to enhance operation of diagnostic instrumentation (e.g., implanted or external loop recorders) in order to facilitate the initial evaluation of syncope patients.
High Aspect Ratio Graphene Nanosheets Cause a Very Low Percolation Threshold for Polymer Nanocomposites

Liquid exfoliated, high aspect ratio (1272) graphene nanosheets (GNS) are dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to prepare range of nanocomposites. A three fold increase in direct current conductivity is recorded at 0.0055 volume fraction (Vf) of GNS–TPU composites as compared to pristine TPU. It is suggested that the percolation threshold for conducting network achieved at low filler loadings is due to the high aspect ratio and homogeneous dispersion of GNS within the polymer. The experimental results are interpreted using interparticle distance model and modified power law. The two models predict threshold filler loading in 0.015–0.001 range volume fraction GNS based on the average values of mean length and no. of layers per nanosheet. The experimental results favor modified power law as it relies on aspect ratio of fillers. A slight deviation in our study from modified power law may be due to aggregation in as prepared GNS.