cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
El General En Su Laberinto

Analisis y sistematizacion de informacion: Julian Nossa, resenista CERLALC.Proyecto: Estudio de la nueva oferta literaria de Colombia 2005-2007 (2008).Investigador principal: Julian Nossa.Institucion: Ministerio de Cultura y CERLALCPublicacion: Proyecto 1500 obras de la literatura colombiana en el Sistema de Informacion de la literatura colombiana -SILC (2009).Investigadora principal: Olga Vallejo M.Institucion: CERLALC y Gestion tecnologica de la Vicerrectoria de Extension de la Universidad de Antioquia, 2009-2010.
Insertion of dNTPs opposite the 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adduct by Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV

1,N{sup 2}-Propanodeoxyguanosine (PdG) is a stable structural analogue for the 3-(2'-deoxy-{beta}-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-?]purin-10(3H)-one (M{sub 1}dG) adduct derived from exposure of DNA to base propenals and to malondialdehyde. The structures of ternary polymerase-DNA-dNTP complexes for three template-primer DNA sequences were determined, with the Y-family Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4), at resolutions between 2.4 and 2.7 {angstrom}. Three template 18-mer-primer 13-mer sequences, 5'-d(TCACXAAATCCTTCCCCC)-3'{center_dot}5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTT)-3' (template I), 5'-d(TCACXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3'{center_dot}5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTC)-3' (template II), and 5'-d(TCATXGAATCCTTCCCCC)-3'{center_dot}5'-d(GGGGGAAGGATTC)-3' (template III), where X is PdG, were analyzed. With templates I and II, diffracting ternary complexes including dGTP were obtained. The dGTP did not pair with PdG, but instead with the 5'-neighboring template dC, utilizing Watson-Crick geometry. Replication bypass experiments with the template-primer 5?-TCACXAAATCCTTACGAGCATCGCCCCC-3'{center_dot}5'-GGGGGCGATGCTCGTAAGGATTT-3', where X is PdG, which includes PdG in the 5'-CXA-3' template sequence as in template I, showed that the Dpo4 polymerase inserted dGTP and dATP when challenged by the PdG adduct. For template III, in which the template sequence was 5'-TXG-3', a diffracting ternary complex including dATP was obtained. The dATP did not pair with PdG, but instead with the 5'-neighboring T, utilizing Watson-Crick geometry. Thus, all three ternary complexes were of the 'type II' structure described for ternary complexes with native DNA [Ling, H., Boudsocq, F., Woodgate, R.,more » and Yang, W. (2001) Cell 107, 91--102]. The PdG adduct remained in the anti conformation about the glycosyl bond in each of these threee ternary complexes. These results provide insight into how -1 frameshift mutations might be generated for the PdG adduct, a structural model for the exocylic M{sub 1}dG adduct formed by malondialdehyde.« less
Dominant Patterns of Climate Variability in the Atlantic Ocean during the Last 136 Years

Abstract Dominant spatiotemporal patterns of joint sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) variability in the Atlantic Ocean are identified using a multivariate frequency domain analysis. Five significant frequency bands are isolated ranging from the quasi biennial to the quasi decadal. Two quasi-biennial bands are centered around 2.2- and 2.7-yr periods; two interannual bands are centered around 3.5- and 4.4-yr periods; the fifth band at the quasi-decadal frequency is centered around 11.4-yr period. Between 1920 and 1955, the quasi-decadal band is less prominent compared to the quasi-biennial bands. This happens to be the period when SLP gradually increased over the Greenland–Iceland regions. The spatial pattern at the quasi-decadal frequency displays an out-of-phase relationship in the SLP in the vicinity of the subtropical anticyclones in both hemispheres (indicative of an out-of-phase quasi-decadal variability in the North and South Atlantic Hadley circulation). The quasi-decadal fr...
Larval mosquito communities in discarded vehicle tires in a forested and unforested site: detritus type, amount, and water nutrient differences

Discarded tires are an important habitat for larvae of multiple species of disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Although tire locations likely influence composition and abundance of vectors, there are few data linking vector populations to the characteristics of the aquatic tire environment. We sampled water-filled tires at three times at a forested and an unforested site to evaluate how differences in detritus inputs or nutrients in these two macrohabitats may be associated with composition of mosquito-dominated invertebrate communities. The forested site had significantly greater inputs of leaves, twigs, seeds, and fine detritus at the first sampling, but subsequent sampling indicated no differences in inputs of any detritus type. Total phosphorous levels were significantly greater in the forested site, but there was no difference in total nitrogen or total ion concentrations during any sampling. Chlorophyll a levels were not different between sites, even though light levels were greater and canopy cover was less at the unforested site. Culex restuans dominated at the unforested site, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus, Anopheles barberi, and Orthopodomyia signifera were found primarily in the forest. Tires at the forested site had significantly more species but not more individuals than at the unforested site. Leaf amount was a good predictor of densities of Oc. triseriatus and overall abundance of mosquitoes in the forest, whereas the amount of seeds was a good predictor of overall invertebrate richness and of Oc. triseriatus numbers in the unforested site. Differences in mosquito assemblage composition between forested and unforested locations may be explained by greater inputs of plant- based detritus and some nutrients, but other factors, such as macrohabitat or host preferences of adult mosquitoes, also may
Women's Poetry and Religion in Victorian England: Amy Levy and the accents of minor(ity) poetry

“Nothing,” he said presently, “can alter the relations of things – their permanent, essential relations … ‘They shall know, they shall understand, they shall feel what I am.’ That is what I used to say to myself in the old days. I suppose, now, ‘they’ do know, more or less, and what of that?” (Amy Levy, “Cohen of Trinity”) Song nor sonnet for you I've penned, Nor passionate paced by your home's wide wall; I have brought you never a flow'r, my friend, Never a tear for your sake let fall. And yet – and yet – ah, who understands? We men and women are complex things! A hundred tunes Fate's inexorable hands May play on the sensitive soul-strings. Webs of strange patterns we weave (each owns) From colour and sound; and like unto these, Soul has its tones and its semitones, Mind has its major and minor keys. (Amy Levy, “In a Minor Key,” lines 29–40) Amy Levy (1861–89) was, up until the early 1990s, almost a “lost” figure in British literary history. Today, she is gaining an increasing amount of critical attention, both for her fiction and her poetry. Today, she is gaining an increasing amount of critical attention, both for her fiction and her poetry. The reasons for Levy's critical resurrection are multiple; perhaps the most important event in her recent critical heritage was the 1993 publication of her selected writings, edited by Melvyn New, a volumewhich gave contemporary scholars access to Levy's writing from all genres, and Linda Hunt Beckman's 2000 publication of Amy Levy: Her Life and Letters.
Emerging Adulthood, Evolving Worldviews How Life Events Impact College Students’ Developing Belief Systems

Worldviews—a person’s fundamental perspectives on social and metaphysical reality—relate to multiple aspects of psychological functioning and well-being. Theory on emerging adulthood contends that individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 explore and change their worldviews as they strive to develop a coherent identity. Simultaneously, emerging adults experience many significant life events. The relationship between life events and worldview development in emerging adulthood has yet to be investigated. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of changes in emerging adult college students’ (N = 168) worldviews over the course of a semester and explored how positive and negatives life events were associated with belief change. Findings revealed that 76.8% of emerging adults in our sample experienced a reliable change in at least one worldview. Additionally, the positive impact of life events was found to mitigate decreases in self-worth beliefs. We conclude by highlighting implications for theory and suggesting...
Synthesis and electrochemistry of 6 nm ferrocenated indium-tin oxide nanoparticles

Indium–tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles, 6.1 ± 0.8 nm in diameter, were synthesized using a hot injection method. After reaction with 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane to replace the initial oleylamine and oleic acid capping ligands, the aminated nanoparticles were rendered electroactive by functionalization with ferrocenoyl chloride. The nanoparticle color changed from blue-green to light brown, and the nanoparticles became more soluble in polar solvents, notably acetonitrile. The nanoparticle diffusion coefficient (D = 1.0 × 10–6 cm2/s) and effective ferrocene concentration (C = 0.60 mM) in acetonitrile solutions were determined using ratios of DC and D1/2C data measured by microdisk voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The D result compares favorably to an Einstein–Stokes estimate (2.1 × 10–6 cm2/s), assuming an 8 nm hydrodynamic diameter in acetonitrile (6 nm for the ITO core plus 2 nm for the ligand shell). The ferrocene concentration result is lower than anticipated (ca. 1.60 mM) based on a potentiometri...
Veils: An Ecological Interface for Computer Network Defense

This paper briefly describes a prototype interface for computer network defense (CND) that has been developed using the cognitive systems engineering (CSE) / ecological interface design (EID) frame...
Theorizing the Writing of History or, “I Can't Think Why It Should Be so Dull, for a Great Deal of It Must Be Invention”

The window is set in a white wall on which a damp splotch resembles an upsidedown twoleaf clover or heart or male scrotum as viewed from behind. But no metaphors. Nothing is like anything else. Things are themselves entirely and do not need interpretation, only a minimal respect for their precise integrity. The mark on the wall is two feet three inches wide and four feet eight and a fraction inches high. Already I have failed to be completely accurate. I must write 'fraction' because I can't read the little numbers on the ruler without my glasses which I never wear. -Gore Vidal, Myra Breckinridge
Mating behaviour of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. paraensei in concurrent infections in hamsters.

Young adults of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. paraensei were recovered from hamsters previously infected with metacercarial cysts. Some worms of each species were exposed for 1 h to 3-H-tyrosine to label sperm and transplanted singly to uninfected hamsters with several unlabelled worms of the same or opposite species or both species. After 5 days, recovered worms were processed for paraffin sectioning and autoradiography. The resulting slides were observed for the location of radioactive sperm in the seminal receptacles of donor (labelled) and recipient (unlabelled) worms. When E. trivolvis was the donor with the recipient E. paraensei , self-insemination took place, but only one interspecies mating occurred out of 72 possible recipient worms. When E. paraensei served as the donor, self-insemination again occurred, but no cross-insemination was observed among the 59 E. trivolvis recipient worms. When single donor worms had a choice of either species of recipient worms, no interspecies mating took place, but both self- and cross-insemination occurred in the normal, unrestricted behaviour found in single species mating studies. Rates of both self- and cross-insemination were higher in concurrent infections of both recipient species than in single species mating studies. After transplant, both species localized in their natural habitat within the small intestine, with 1/3 overlapping in the duodenum, making interspecies mating a possibility. The correlation between mating and electrophoretic studies on the genetic relationship between 37-collar-spined echinostomes is discussed.
An ab initio molecular orbital analysis of phosphorothioate mono-anion.

Ab initio calculations at the STO-3G level show that the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the di-protonated phosphorothioate mono-anion is 0.0421 a.u. higher than that of the HOMO of the corresponding phosphate mono-anion. The electron density in the phosphorothioate HOMO is highly focused on the sulfur atom. The results of this ab initio molecular orbital analysis are consistent with the model of the phosphorothioate sulfur as a soft nucleophile. The ab initio molecular orbital analysis presented in this paper will be useful for predicting and rationalizing the probability of reaction of phosphorothioate anions with electrophiles and helps to provide a basis for the rational design of phosphorothioate-based oligonucleotide drugs.
State Building and Social Movements

National states are so central a focus for the mobilization of opinion today that we often forget that this was not always so. During the centuries prior to absolutism in western Europe, national states worthy of the name could hardly be said to exist. “On the one hand,” writes Norbert Elias in State Formation and Civilization , kings were forced to delegate power over part of their territory to other individuals. The state of military, economic and transport arrangements at that time left them no choice … On the other hand the vassals representing the central power were restrained by no oath of allegiance or loyalty from asserting the independence of their area as soon as the relative power positions of the central ruler and his delegates shifted in favour of the latter. (1994: 276–7) In such a system, contention was constant, largely territorially based, and changed its contours according to whether the monarch was temporarily ascendant or suffering a crisis. From roughly the fifteenth century on, this pattern began to give way, as the expansion of a money economy gave kings the power to hire mercenary soldiers, build roads on which to deploy them, and hire civil servants to collect taxes, administer rules, and overcome provincial nobles. Where they could establish a rough balance between the aristocracy and the rising burghers of the towns, they developed a “royal mechanism,” which led to the formation of absolutist states – as in France (Elias 1994: ch. 2).
Techniques in Breeding Field Crops

In all fields of science, experimenters develop special skills, procedures, and techniques to use in the pursuit of their research. In this respect the plant breeder is no exception. In the practice of plant breeding, the breeder searches out or creates genetically mixed populations of plants, selects strains with desirable characteristics from the mixed populations, and tests the selected strains in pure lines or in combinations to determine if they express the characteristics that meet the objectives of the breeding program.
Climate, streamflow, and legacy effects on growth of riparian Populus angustifolia in the arid San Luis Valley, Colorado

Abstract Knowledge of the factors affecting the vigor of desert riparian trees is important for their conservation and management. I used multiple regression to assess effects of streamflow and climate (12–14 years of data) or climate alone (up to 60 years of data) on radial growth of clonal narrowleaf cottonwood ( Populus angustifolia ), a foundation species in the arid, Closed Basin portion of the San Luis Valley, Colorado. I collected increment cores from trees (14–90 cm DBH) at four sites along each of Sand and Deadman creeks (total N = 85), including both perennial and ephemeral reaches. Analyses on trees
Business Management | Management Records and Analysis

Adequate, accurate, and timely information is needed to effectively manage a dairy farm business, including production, marketing, and financial management. Production records have five main uses: to verify specific characteristics of cattle for sale; to monitor individual animals and overall herd performance to identify problems; to assess the effectiveness of management changes; to provide information for decision making; and for planning. Records include livestock and crop numbers, resource use, production, and costs. Financial records are required both for management purposes and to accommodate all routine accounting needs as part of normal business operations. The record-keeping system should provide the information needed for the planning and controlling functions of management. Effective monitoring and evaluation includes both specific measures of financial performance and a basis for comparison, that is, targets or benchmarks. A healthy dairy farm business can pay its bills and debts on time, make a profit, and increase the owner’s wealth (equity). Many dairy farms consist of several farm enterprises, such as cow, crop, and replacement enterprises. Allocating revenue and expenses to each of these permits an evaluation of the contribution each one is making to the overall financial performance of the farm and guides decisions about changes to enhance profitability.
Sleep in Women. Gender Differences in Health and Disease

Publisher Summary Studies of sleep in women, whether in health or disease, are affected by the distinct hormonal changes that occur throughout a woman's life cycle, including puberty, menses, pregnancy, and menopause. Differences exist not only between the sexes but within cohorts of women as they transition through these biologically determined milestones. Additionally, socioeconomic status, workplace, and familial roles influence observed gender differences. In the NSF 2007 poll, 30% of pregnant women and 42% of post-partum women reported rarely or never getting a good night's sleep, compared to 15% among all women; 25% of perimenopausal women and 30% of postmenopausal women reported getting a good night's sleep only a few nights a month or less. Not surprisingly, given their social and/or familial responsibilities, working mothers (72%) and single working women (68%) were more likely to experience sleep problems like insomnia. These sleep disturbances are not without consequences; in the NSF survey, women who experienced daytime sleepiness were more likely to report high stress (80%), drive drowsy at least once per month (27%), spend less time with friends and family (39%), be too tired for sex (33%), and be late for work (20%). Recently, studies recognize that men and women experience sleep and sleep disorders differently. They differ in the prevalence of certain sleep disorders and may have varying presentations and responses to therapies. This chapter serves to both review the existing literature on gender differences in sleep and highlight the considerable gaps in knowledge.
Gender and teamwork: an analysis of professors’ perspectives and practices

ABSTRACTTeamwork is increasingly seen as an important component of engineering education programmes. Yet, prior research has shown that there are numerous ways in which teamwork is gendered, and can lead to negative experiences for women students. This article presents the first interview findings on professors’ perspectives on gender and teamwork. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 engineering professors to determine what and how they thought about gender in engineering and engineering education. For this article, the parts of the interviews about teamwork are analysed. We conclude that professors need tools to help them facilitate gender-inclusive teamwork, and those tools must address the beliefs that they already hold about teamwork. The findings raise questions about the adoption of evidence-based instructional practices and suggest current teamwork practices may exacerbate gender inequalities in engineering.
Abstract TMP14: Should 45-Minute Door to Needle Time be the New Standard of Care? Analysis of Categorized Treatment Time in a Large, Multi-hospital Registry

Introduction: With the introduction of American Stroke Association’s Target Stroke and Target Stroke2, hospitals have emphasized faster door to needle time (DTN) for acute ischemic stroke based on criteria of less than 60 minutes and less than 45 minutes, but little is known about its impact on outcomes. In this study, we evaluated outcomes based on similarly categorized treatment times across a large multi-hospital system in the Pacific Northwest. Methods: Data obtained from a multi-hospital health system’s Get With The Guidelines registry included patients discharged between January 2011 and June 2016 and treated with IV alteplase. Primary outcomes were discharge disposition, modified Rankin score (mRS) at discharge and 90-days, disability categorized as none/slight (mRS≤2) and moderate or greater (mRS ≥3) and treatment-related hemorrhagic complications. DTN was categorized into three groups: 60 minutes. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to analyze the effect of DTN group on outcomes after adjusting for the following covariates: admit NIHSS score, gender, age, last known well to arrival time, intra-arterial intervention, and history of co-morbid conditions. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and p-values were reported. Results: A total of 2,434 patients met inclusion criteria. DTN times were broken down as follows: 25% percent (n=610) of patients were 60 minutes. Patients with DTN > 60 minutes were more likely than patients with DTN Conclusion: DTN time less than 45 minutes is associated with reduced mortality, less severe disability, fewer hemorrhagic complications and higher rates of home discharge.
Pitch and Roll Camera Orientation from a Single 2D Image Using Convolutional Neural Networks

In this paper, we propose using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically determine the pitch and roll of a camera using a single, scene agnostic, 2D image. We compared a linear regressor, a two-layer neural network, and two CNNs. We show the CNNs produce high levels of accuracy in estimating the ground truth orientations which can be used in various computer vision tasks where calculating the camera orientation is necessary or useful. By utilizing accelerometer data in an existing image dataset, we were able to provide the large camera orientation ground truth dataset needed to train such a network with approximately correct values. The trained network is then fine-tuned to smaller datasets with exact camera orientation labels. Additionally, the network is fine-tuned to a dataset with different intrinsic camera parameters to demonstrate the transferability of the network.
Hyperactivity in mice lacking one allele of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 gene.

GABAergic interneuron loss, maturational delay or imbalance of glutamatergic to GABAergic signaling has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders including Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In schizophrenia, decreases in parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (Sst) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) RNA have been observed and seem to indicate a failure in maturation in PV and Sst neurons. In Tourette syndrome, which has a high level of comorbid ADHD, reduced numbers of parvalbumin expressing neurons have been observed in the basal ganglia of affected patients. In addition, polymorphisms in the GAD1 gene that codes for GAD67 protein have been associated with ADHD. We have examined whether mice with a disrupted Gad67 allele, the Gad67 GFP knock-in mice (Gad67-GFP+/−), display abnormal locomotor behavior or altered anxiety behavior on the elevated plus maze. We found that Gad67-GFP+/− mice displayed a mild hyperactivity compared to control littermates.
Linear Array Synthesis for the Best Mean‐Square Approximation of Radiation Patterns

A theory of synthesizing linear antenna arrays for the best mean-square approximation of given radiation patterns is presented in this paper. Element currents and spacings are allowed to vary to achieve the best approximation. Approximations of the given patterns are also made by synthesizing the optimum uniformly spaced arrays. For a given number of elements the non uniformly spaced arrays give better mean-square approximations than uniformly spaced arrays. The characteristic vector approach is employed for finding the optimum element excitations and spacings.
The Effect of Underlying Liver Disease on Perioperative Outcomes Following Craniotomy for Tumor: An American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program Analysis.

Background The association between underlying liver disease and poor surgical outcomes has been well documented across a wide variety of surgical disciplines. However, little is known about the importance of liver disease in neurosurgery. In this report, we assess the independent effect of liver disease on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor from 2006 to 2015. Presence and severity of underlying liver disease was assessed with the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium scores, computed from preoperative laboratory values. Results Among 11,897 patients, mild and advanced disease was identified in 2.4% and 1.9% of patients, respectively. Rates of 30-day mortality were 4.5% and 15.8% in these patients, compared with 3.1% in patients with healthy livers. The 30-day complication rate was 40.3%, 28.0%, and 19.8% in patients with advanced, mild, and no liver disease, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the presence of any liver disease (mild or advanced) was independently associated with mortality (OR = 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68–3.59; P Conclusions Liver disease is an independent predictor of poor 30-day outcomes following craniotomy for tumor. Consideration of underlying liver function can have a role in surgical decision making and postoperative care for these patients.
Surface Organometallic Chemistry of Supported Iridium(III) as a Probe for Organotransition Metal–Support Interactions in C–H Activation

Systematic study of the interactions between organometallic catalysts and metal oxide support materials is essential for the realization of rational design in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein we describe the stoichiometric and catalytic chemistry of a [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(III)] complex chemisorbed on a variety of acidic metal oxides as a multifaceted probe for stereoelectronic communication between the support and organometallic center. Electrophilic bond activation was explored in the context of stoichiometric hydrogenolysis as well as catalytic H/D exchange. Further information was obtained from the observation of processes related to dynamic exchange between grafted organometallic species and those in solution. The supported organometallic species were characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques including dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Strongly acidic modified metal oxi...
Identity Denied: Comparing American or White Identity Denial and Psychological Health Outcomes Among Bicultural and Biracial People:

Because bicultural and biracial people have two identities within one social domain (culture or race), their identification is often challenged by others. Although it is established that identity denial is associated with poor psychological health, the processes through which this occurs are less understood. Across two high-powered studies, we tested identity autonomy, the perceived compatibility of identities, and social belonging as mediators of the relationship between identity denial and well-being among bicultural and biracial individuals. Bicultural and biracial participants who experienced challenges to their American or White identities felt less freedom in choosing an identity and perceived their identities as less compatible, which was ultimately associated with greater reports of depressive symptoms and stress. Study 2 replicated these results and measured social belonging, which also accounted for significant variance in well-being. The results suggest the processes were similar across populations, highlighting important implications for the generalizability to other dual-identity populations.
Racial-Ethnic Differences in Osteoarthritis Pain and Disability: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA), a leading cause of disability and pain, affects 32.5 million Americans, producing tremendous economic burden. Although some findings suggest that racial/ethnic minorities experience increased OA pain severity, other studies have shown conflicting results. This meta-analysis examined differences in clinical pain severity between African Americans (AAs) and non-Hispanic whites with OA. Articles were initially identified between October 1 and 5, 2016, and updated May 30, 2018, using PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library Database. Eligibility included English-language peer-reviewed articles comparing clinical pain severity in adult black/AA and non-Hispanic white/Caucasian patients with OA. Nonduplicate article abstracts (N = 1,194) were screened by 4 reviewers, 224 articles underwent full-text review, and 61 articles reported effect sizes of pain severity stratified by race. Forest plots of the standard mean difference showed higher pain severity in AAs for studies using the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.61) and non-Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index studies (0.35, 95% CI, 0.23–0.47). AAs also showed higher self-reported disability (0.38, 95% CI, 0.22–0.54) and poorer performance testing (-0.58, 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.44). Clinical pain severity and disability in OA is higher among AAs and future studies should explore the reasons for these differences to improve pain management. Perspective This meta-analysis shows that differences exist in clinical pain severity, functional limitations, and poor performance between AAs and non-Hispanic whites with OA. This research may lead to a better understanding of racial/ethnic differences in OA-related pain.
Epidemiological Panel Studies of Older Adults: New Frontiers in the Research on Human– Animal Interaction

This paper discusses epidemiological studies of older adults and human–animal interaction (HAI), and potential relevance to future research on HAI and animal-assisted interventions (AAI) in aging p...
Palestinian children: a transformation of national identity in the Abbas era

The constant rendering of Palestinian national identity provides crucial insight not only to the current Palestinian community’s political status, but also to past and the future experiences. National identity echoes the intersectionality of history and local politics. For the last few decades, Palestinian national identity has been evolving with continuous alteration that encompasses local political discourse in the Palestinian community. Whereas it once embraced unity among different political ideologies, a shift occurred with Hamas election victory in 2006, which resulted in the division of the Palestinian community, whereby the Palestinian Authority, under Abbas leadership is ruling the West Bank, and Hamas is governing the Gaza Strip. This political tension has served to render national identity. Palestinian children echoed such politics in the construction of their national identity through their interpretation of personal experiences that are intertwined with current political events. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show how Palestinian children articulated national identity in a post-Arafat/Abbas era, recognizing that national identity is not static.
Diverse Fluoroquinolone Resistance Plasmids From Retail Meat E. coli in the United States.

Fluoroquinolones are used to treat serious bacterial infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. The emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) represent a new challenge to the successful treatment of Gram-negative infections. As part of a long-term strategy to generate a reference database of closed plasmids from antimicrobial resistant foodborne bacteria, we performed long-read sequencing of eleven E. coli isolates from retail meats that were non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Each of the isolates had PMQR genes, including qnrA1, qnrS1, and qnrB19. The four qnrB19 genes were carried on two distinct ColE-type plasmids among isolates from pork chop and ground turkey and were identical to plasmids previously identified in Salmonella. Seven other plasmids differed from any other sequences in GenBank and comprised IncF and IncR plasmids that ranged in size from 48-180 kb. These plasmids also contained different combinations of resistance genes, including those conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and heavy metals. Although relatively few isolates have PMQR genes, the identification of diverse plasmids in multiple retail meat sources suggests the potential for further spread of fluoroquinolone resistance, including through co-selection. These results highlight the value of long-read sequencing in characterizing antimicrobial resistance genes of public health concern.
PathCORE: Visualizing globally co-occurring pathways in large transcriptomic compendia

Background: Investigators often interpret genome-wide data by analyzing the expression levels of genes within pathways. While this within-pathway analysis is routine, the products of any one pathway can affect the activity of other pathways. Past efforts to identify relationships between biological processes have evaluated overlap in knowledge bases or evaluated changes that occur after specific treatments. Individual experiments can highlight condition-specific pathway-pathway interactions; however, constructing a complete network of such relationships across many conditions requires analyzing results from many studies. Results: We developed the PathCORE software to predict global pathway-pathway interactions, i.e. those evident across a broad data compendium. PathCORE starts with the results of robust feature construction algorithms, which are now being developed and applied to transcriptomic data. PathCORE identifies pathways grouped together in features more than expected by chance as functionally co-occurring. We performed example analyses using PathCORE for a microbial compendium for which eADAGE features were already available and a TCGA dataset of 33 cancer types that we analyzed via NMF. PathCORE recapitulated previously described pathway-pathway interactions and suggested additional edges with biological plausibility that still remain to be explored. The software also identifies genes associated with each relationship and includes a user-installable web interface where users can (1) visualize the resulting network and (2) review the expression levels of associated genes in the original data, which helps biologists using the PathCORE software design experiments to test the relationships that were identified. Conclusions: PathCORE is a hypothesis generation tool that identifies co-occurring pathways from the results of unsupervised analysis of the growing body of gene expression data. Software that steps beyond within-pathway relationships to between-pathway relationships can reveal levels of organization that have been less frequently considered.
Joint-level force sensing for indirect hybrid force/position control of continuum robots with friction:

Continuum robots offer the dexterity and obstacle circumvention capabilities necessary to enable surgery in deep surgical sites. They also can enable joint-level ex situ force sensing (JEFS), which...
Numerical analysis of enhanced nano-drug delivery to the olfactory bulb

Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders are one of the major causes of fatalities in the world today. Thus, it is essential to transport a considerable amount of drugs to a specific brain location f...
Eptesicus fuscus Orthorubulavirus, a Close Relative of Human Parainfluenza Virus 4, Discovered in a Bat in South Dakota.

Bats are a reservoir for many zoonotic viruses and host large numbers of genetically diverse species in the families Rhabdoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Paramyxoviridae. Viruses from these families have repeatedly spilled over to humans in recent decades, causing significant clinical disease and deaths. Here, metagenomic sequencing of a big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) submitted for rabies testing due to human exposure identified a novel paramyxovirus, Eptesicus fuscus orthorubulavirus (EfORV), in South Dakota, United States. The nearly complete 15,814-nucleotide genome shared 72% identity with that of human parainfluenza virus 4 (HPIV4), a virus that causes significant clinical disease, typically bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in children less than 2 years of age. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a close evolutionary history between EfORV and HPIV4, reminiscent of other orthorubulaviruses with highly similar bat and mammalian species, including conspecific human and bat mumps virus, mammalian parainfluenza virus 5 and bat Alston virus, and porcine La Piedad Michoacan virus and bat Mapuera virus. These results support the idea that bats are a reservoir for diverse paramyxoviruses with closely shared evolutionary histories, compared with a number of significant human pathogens, and expand the range of bat paramyxoviruses to North America. Given the propensity of paramyxoviruses to overcome species barriers, additional surveillance and characterization of EfORV are warranted. IMPORTANCE Bats are a reservoir of large numbers of viruses. Among bat-borne zoonotic viruses, members of Coronaviridae and Paramyxoviridae have had the largest impact on human health. The repeated spillover of bat viruses to humans, often with devastating results, has led to increased surveillance and virus discovery efforts in hot spots for virus emergence, largely Asia and Africa. Apart from rabies virus, little surveillance of viruses in bats is performed in North America. Here, viral metagenomic sequencing identified a close relative to HPIV4 in a big brown bat found in a motel room in South Dakota. The virus, EfORV, was 72% identical to HPIV4, which causes clinically significant respiratory disease, mainly in children; it represents the first bat paramyxovirus identified in North America. Close genetic relationships between bat and mammalian orthorubulaviruses underscore the importance of bats as a reservoir for zoonotic viruses.
Quality-Starter Versus Quality-Advancer Organizations

The academic literature reflects remarkably little effort to understand total quality management (TQM) implementation. In this article, the factors that enhance and those that impede quality improvement efforts are phemenologically assessed. Information..
Generation of Engineering Research Directions Through Artistic Process

This paper describes the creation of SwarmVision, a system of autonomous robotic cameras that functions both as the basis for an art installation and as an instrument for generating novel engineering research. Through a series of interviews with engineers who examined the project, we illustrate how experimentation with the instrument could lead to potential new research directions in computer vision, machine learning, swarm robotics, remote collaboration, and visualization. This suggests that an unstructured and aesthetic approach to research can inform and inspire new engineering research directions, within and beyond the scope of this particular project.
Eosinophils and immune mechanisms: V. Demonstration of mouse spleen cell-derived chemotactic activities for eosinophils and mononuclear cells and comparisons with eosinophil stimulation promoter☆

Abstract The chemotactic response of mouse eosinophil-rich peritoneal exudative cells to the lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter (ESP) was examined. Both eosinophils and monocytes are chemotactically attracted across a 3-μm-pore size polycarbonate filter toward a concentration gradient of ESP-containing culture supernatant fluids. Deactivation of both cell types occurs following preincubation of the responding cells in culture supernates containing ESP activity. The chemotactic activity for both eosinophils and mononuclear cells is stable when incubated at 60 °C for 30 min but is labile at 80 °C, is nondialyzable, and at peak activity exhibits an apparent molecular weight of approximately 25,700 daltons, based on Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography. Production conditions required for the generation of chemotactic and ESP activities are identical, and fractions of culture supernatant fluids possessing one activity are also positive for the other. Preliminary results therefore indicate that the lymphokine ESP attracts both eosinophils and monocytes in a gradient-induced chemotaxis assay.
High-Temperature Superconductors

Developing new approaches for improving the critical current density ( J c) in bulk high-temperature superconductors is important to the commercialization of these materials in power transmission cables and other applications ([1][1]). I. Chong et al . (Reports,[2 May, p. 770][2]) ([2][3]) describe
State space blind source recovery of non-minimum phase environments

The paper describes the use of the state space and the natural gradient for the demixing of sources mixed in a non-minimum phase convolutive environment. Non-minimum phase implies that some or all of the zeros of the mixing environment lie outside the unit circle, and as such the theoretical inverse or the requisite demixing system becomes unstable due to the presence of poles outside the unit circle. These unstable poles are required to cancel out the non-minimum phase transmission zeros of the environment. In order to avoid instability due to the existence of these poles outside the unit circle, the natural gradient algorithm may be derived with the constraint that the demixing system is a double sided FIR filter, i.e., instead of trying to determine the IIR inverse of the environment, we approximate the inverse using an all zero non-causal filter. The use of the state space warrants that the derived framework is rich in structure while at the same time compact in representation. This results in derivation of update laws that can invariably handle most mixing scenarios. Some simulations illustrating the performance of the algorithm are also provided.
The History and Role of Libraries in Adult Literacy

The History and Role of Libraries in Adult Literacy Abstract Illiteracy is a huge problem, socially, economically and educationally. This study of the history and current practices of American public libraries examines their role in supporting the development of human literate abilities and in helping all Americans to be critically literate in order to participate fully and successfully in our society. This exploration begins with the history of libraries in the United States, developments over time and the current practices of public libraries. These practices are explored to see how libraries contribute to the goal of improving adult literacy in America. Abstract Illiteracy is a huge problem, socially, economically and educationally. This study of the history and current practices of American public libraries examines their role in supporting the development of human literate abilities and in helping all Americans to be critically literate in order to participate fully and successfully in our society. This exploration begins with the history of libraries in the United States, developments over time and the current practices of public libraries. These practices are explored to see how libraries contribute to the goal of improving adult literacy in America.
Effects of phosphoric acid concentration and etch duration on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel: An in vitro study

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentration and duration of etching on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin to enamel. Nine bonding procedures, each involving 18 extracted human maxillary permanent canines, were used. Ground enamel surfaces were etched with a 37% H3PO4 solution, a 15% H3PO4 gel, or a 5% H3PO4 solution for 60, 30, and 15 seconds, respectively. Cylinders of an orthodontic bonding resin, Concise, were prepared in a special device. The test specimens were disassembled 15 minutes after preparation and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. A shear load was applied to the bonded cylinders at a crosshead speed of 0.02 in.min-1 in an Instron testing machine, and the shear bond strengths were calculated and expressed in MN.m-2. A two-factor analysis of the data showed that the H3PO4 concentration had no significant effect on the shear bond strength, but the duration of etching affected shear bond strength significantly. The enamel aspects of the fractured test specimens were examined microscopically and the percent failure within the bonding resin at the bonding sites estimated. The correlation between shear bond strength and percentage failure within the bonding resin was not significant. The effects of the nine etching procedures on ground and unground enamel surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The etching procedures produced well-defined etching patterns on both ground and unground enamel surfaces.
Experiences incorporating Java into the introductory sequence

This paper describes a restructuring of our introductory sequence that resulted in the adoption of Java in our data structures course. Our motivation and plans are discussed, and our experiences - not always positive - are presented. While some of these experiences are specific to our functional-first introductory sequence, issues such as the transition from Java to C++ and the impact on later courses are likely to arise in most departments.
Effects of Diversity on Performance: The Effects of Task Type

Diversity has long been assumed to have positive effects on organizational and group performance. Empirical evidence to date fails to support this assumption. The present paper provides a preliminary examination of the effects of diversity on a group task. The data are part of an ongoing study, where individual demographic information and task performance of groups have been collected. Diversity indices for racial and gender diversity are examined to determine the effects they might have on task performance. The instructions of the task, however, vary. In one situation, 2 groups are instructed to compete with one another. In the other situation, 2 groups are instructed to cooperate with one another. T-test ANOVA, and ANCOVA results consistently indicate that task-type influences changes in group-based outcomes. The implications of these preliminary results and future directions of research are discussed.