cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DSMC study of oxygen shockwaves based on high-fidelity vibrational relaxation and dissociation models

This work evaluates high-fidelity vibrational-translational (VT) energy relaxation and dissociation models for pure O2 normal shockwave simulations with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The O2–O collisions are described using ab initio state-specific relaxation and dissociation models. The Macheret-Fridman (MF) dissociation model is adapted to the DSMC framework by modifying the standard implementation of the total collision energy (TCE) model. The O2–O2 dissociation is modeled with this TCE+MF approach, which is calibrated with O2–O ab initio data and experimental equilibrium dissociation rates. The O2–O2 vibrational relaxation is modeled via the Larsen-Borgnakke model, calibrated to experimental VT rates. All the present results are compared to experimental data and previous calculations available in the literature. It is found that, in general, the ab initio dissociation model is better than the TCE model at matching the shock experiments. Therefore, when available, efficient ab initio ...
Reduction of Low Frequency Noise Impact to Terahertz Detectors in CMOS

Variation of low frequency noise including 1/f noise and Lorentzian spectra is the dominant source of variations for noise equivalent power (NEP) of THz detectors using a forward biased diode connected NMOS transistor. Elimination of the impact of low frequency noise variation to NEP with 1-V amplitude AC biasing at 44MHz is demonstrated in 830-GHz detectors using a diode connected PMOS transistor. It should be possible to apply this technique to eliminate the impact of low frequency noise variations in THz NMOS and Schottky diode detectors. Lastly, the low frequency noise voltage power spectral density of AC biased diode connected PMOS transistors is comparable to that of commercial GaAs detectors.
Plasma 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Predicts Treatment Outcomes in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

Background Aspirin desensitization followed by daily aspirin provides therapeutic benefits to patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). It is not well understood how eicosanoid levels change during aspirin treatment. Objective To investigate associations between clinical outcomes of aspirin treatment and plasma eicosanoid levels in patients with AERD. Methods Thirty-nine patients with AERD were offered aspirin treatment (650 mg twice daily) for 4 weeks. Respiratory parameters and plasma levels of multiple eicosanoids were recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks of aspirin therapy using the Asthma Control Test and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. Respiratory function was evaluated using the FEV 1 and nasal inspiratory peak flow. Results After aspirin treatment, respiratory symptoms improved in 16 patients, worsened in 12 patients, and did not change in 4 patients. Seven patients were unable to complete the desensitization protocol. Patients with symptom improvement had higher baseline plasma 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels than did patients with symptom worsening: 7006 pg/mL (interquartile range, 6056-8688 pg/mL) versus 4800 pg/mL (interquartile range, 4238-5575 pg/mL), P = .0005. Baseline 15-HETE plasma levels positively correlated with the change in Asthma Control Test score ( r = 0.61; P = .001) and in FEV 1 after 4 weeks of aspirin treatment ( r = 0.49; P = .01). It inversely correlated with Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score ( r = −0.58; P = .002). Black and Latino patients were more likely to have symptom worsening on aspirin or fail to complete the initial desensitization than white, non-Latino patients ( P = .02). Conclusions In patients with AERD, low baseline 15-HETE plasma levels and black or Latino ethnicity are associated with worsening of respiratory symptoms during aspirin treatment.
Repair of Conjunctivochalasis

Conjunctivochalasis is defined as nonedematous, redundant conjunctiva which can cause a wide range of symptoms related to the ocular surface and disruption of the tear film. Conjunctivochalasis causes symptoms by the mechanical action of the redundant conjunctiva interfering with tear flow and disruption of the tear film. This is a frequently overlooked condition as the symptoms are similar to those caused by the most common causes of ocular surface disease, dry eye and blepharitis, both of which are also associated with aging. On slit-lamp examination, one sees prolapse of the conjunctiva over the lower lid margin. It is most commonly seen temporally, but it can extend nasally as well. Once recognized, the indication for surgical correction is when the symptoms cannot be controlled by medical management of the ocular surface.
Second pressure derivatives of the elastic moduli of fused quartz

Abstract The first and second pressure derivatives of the elastic moduli of fused quartz have been determined by ultrasonic measurements of the sound velocity as a function of pressure. The second derivatives are positive in sign and are larger in magnitude than those in crystalline materials. The data are used to calculate the equation of state and the volume dependence of the Gruneisen constant.
Efficiency analysis of a conformal SCMR system for wearable devices

The human body will be used to conduct measurements of efficiency in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system using Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR). The test points for the human body are shown in figure. 2b below. We will analyze the SCMR systems response to different parts of the body and the impact they have on the efficiency of operation. Our analysis is conducted through accurate simulations and validated through physical implementation.
Regulation of HIV-1 and IL-2 transcription by inducible CAMP early repressor (ICER)

HIV-1 infection of human monocytes induces production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro and in vivo, which has capacity to make the bystander T cells unresponsive (anergic). ICER, a potent transcriptional repressor induced by PGE2 leads to transcriptional attenuation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and an induction of T cell suppression. We propose that this HIV-1 triggered mechanism may subvert physiologically relevant suppression of IL-2 by regulatory CD4+CD25+ T (Treg) cells. Our preliminary studies suggest that the suppressive mechanism conveyed by Treg cells stems from coexpression of ICER and Foxp3, which inhibits IL-2 expression. Moreover, naive CD4+CD25- responder T cells retrovirally transduced with Foxp3 can induce the accumulation of ICER and replace natural Treg cells. Importantly, ICER expression is induced in activated responder T cells early and correlates with a sharp decrease of IL-2 expression. Our preliminary studies indicate that ICER inhibits HIV-1 LTR expression and binds the cyclic responsive element (CRE)-like motifs termed DSE positioned downstream of transcription initiation site of HIV-1 LTR. Moreover, in monocytes PGE2 induced transcriptional attenuation of CCR5 expression tightly correlates with upregulation of ICER. We conclude that ICER is a critical component of Treg-mediated inhibitory function that affects transcriptional attenuation of IL-2 production in T cells and that HIV-1 subverts this mechanism via PGE2 and/or Tat-mediated induction of ICER.
Organizational learning: modeling an intervention in a foster care system

This paper maps the organizational learning processes in a policy intervention program. A state department of social services designed an intervention for local agencies and implemented it with a university. A closer observation of patterns detected organizational learning in local agencies by the increase in the penetration rate-a ratio of federal to state funding. An organizational learning model is constructed to understand the organizational learning process in this particular instance. The model includes learning modes and the roles that the policy knowledge instigators had played in the process. Each mode and role is defined and the model is refined based on in-depth interviews with participants in the learning process.
The Negligence Issue

It would be futile for the law to attempt to deal in detail by way of precise anticipatory rule with each of the infinite number of cases which can be classified as "negligence" cases.' The number of such situations in which the quality of conduct can be measured by standards stated in terms of conduct is relatively small.2 The torrents of pertinent factors incident to any wholesale attempt along this line are beyond classification and statement.3 The qualities of personality are themselves numerous; their shadings are countless; the conduct of individuals is incalculable at present in its variety; the possible combinations of these are literally infinite, as infinite as space and time. The number of instances of conduct which could be labelled either
Field measured SOP investigation: Expected and transient variation

Rate of change of the state of polarization was measured in a variety of live networks. Transients produced the highest rates of change and can be localized by measurement. We found strong correlation between Mrad/s transients and lightning strikes in optical ground wire cables.
NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION ACT

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is a U.S. law that specifies the conditions under which Native American human remains and certain classes of cultural items are subject to repatriation. The law covers human remains and items in the collections of US museums or federal agencies and also the remains of items that are recently discovered on federal or Indian land. The law remains controversial because it represents a compromise of Native American, scientific, and museum interests with respect to the disposition of these human remains or objects.
The opioid epidemic and the current prevalence of substance use disorder in anesthesiologists.

Purpose of review There has been a substantial increase in prescription and illicit opioid abuse in the general population observed over the last two decades. Initially fueled by an influx of prescription opioid medications, the opioid epidemic now includes increasingly potent heroin and illicit fentanyl. Younger anesthesiologists, those currently in training or recent graduates, have come of age in a society where opioid abuse is much more prevalent. Recent findings The current prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in the physician population is slightly higher than in the general population and appears to be increasing. Although most anesthesiologists with SUD will abuse alcohol as their drug of choice, the incidence of opioid and nonopioid anesthetic agent abuse, especially propofol, is increasing. The incidence of SUD among the anesthesia resident population decreased somewhat during the 1990s but has been steadily increasing since the year 2000. Summary The increasing incidence of substance use disorder in anesthesia residents may reflect the significantly increased number of persons addicted to opioids and other drugs of abuse in the general population. Despite educational and surveillance programs put in place to prevent diversion, susceptible individuals with access are still abusing anesthetic agents.
What (Sociotechnical) Resilience Is Made Of: Personal Trajectories and Earthquake Risk Mitigation in the San Francisco Bay Area

This chapter explores the slow emergence of sociotechnical infrastructures designed to improve earthquake risk resilience in the San Francisco Bay Area. Building on in-depth interviews with experts and following their professional and personal trajectories, the chapter describes resilience as a syncretic social process: the potential result of years of hard work and risk mitigation policies. In an STS approach, and focusing on the modus operandi that connect together different key elements and stakeholders involved in earthquake risk mitigation, the chapter proposes a pragmatic exploration on the nature of resilience. To do so, we will explore some important factors such as of the role of amateur observations and lessons learned from other disasters, the impacts of building codes and progress in structural engineering, and finally the importance of the personal commitment of the risk mitigation experts. Following a historical perspective and building on some important moments of the earthquake risk prevention in the Bay Area of San Francisco, the chapter argues that resilience emerges from the collective development of a particular form of attention to the risk. In this context, it is the expert’s experiences of living with the earthquake—of waiting for it, fearing it, remembering it, and getting ready for the next one—that gives sense to these complex sets of actions, defining the contours of a collective space of risk and allowing for resilient sociotechnical infrastructure to emerge, or if forgotten, to collapse.
Young-Onset Dementia: A Review of the Literature and What It Means for Clinicians

It is estimated that more than a half million people in the United States are living with young-onset dementia and another half million with mild cognitive impairment, a precursor of dementia. Relatively little has been written about the psychosocial needs of these people, but information can be extrapolated from the literature on dementia in older adults and the developmental tasks and roles of middle age. This article synthesizes this literature and provides information to help psychiatric nurses and other health care professionals better understand individuals living with young-onset dementia.
Scalable Sparse Subspace Clustering via Ordered Weighted l 1 Regression

The main contribution of the paper is a new approach to subspace clustering that is significantly more computationally efficient and scalable than existing state-of-the-art methods. The central idea is to modify the regression technique in sparse subspace clustering (SSC) by replacing the $\ell_{1}$ minimization with a generalization called Ordered Weighted $\ell_{1}$ (OWL) minimization which performs simultaneous regression and clustering of correlated variables. Using random geometric graph theory, we prove that OWL regression selects more points within each subspace than $\ell_{1}$, resulting in better clustering results. This allows for accurate subspace clustering based on regression solutions for only a small subset of the total dataset, significantly reducing the computational complexity compared to SSC. In experiments, we find that our OWL approach can achieve a speedup of $ 20\times$ to $30\times$ for synthetic problems and $4\times$ to $8\times$ on real data problems.
The Future of Manufacturing: A New Perspective

Abstract Many articles have been published on intelligent manufacturing, most of which focus on hardware, software, additive manufacturing, robotics, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0. This paper provides a different perspective by examining relevant challenges and providing examples of some less-talked-about yet essential topics, such as hybrid systems, redefining advanced manufacturing, basic building blocks of new manufacturing, ecosystem readiness, and technology scalability. The first major challenge is to (re-)define what the manufacturing of the future will be, if we wish to: ① raise public awareness of new manufacturing’s economic and societal impacts, and ② garner the unequivocal support of policy-makers. The second major challenge is to recognize that manufacturing in the future will consist of systems of hybrid systems of human and robotic operators; additive and subtractive processes; metal and composite materials; and cyber and physical systems. Therefore, studying the interfaces between constituencies and standards becomes important and essential. The third challenge is to develop a common framework in which the technology, manufacturing business case, and ecosystem readiness can be evaluated concurrently in order to shorten the time it takes for products to reach customers. Integral to this is having accepted measures of “scalability” of non-information technologies. The last, but not least, challenge is to examine successful modalities of industry–academia–government collaborations through public–private partnerships. This article discusses these challenges in detail.
Contribution of systemic inflammation to permanence of KATP-induced neonatal diabetes in mice.

Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels cause neonatal diabetes. Despite the well-established genetic root of the disease, pathways modulating disease severi...
Deformation Behavior of Polystyrene-Grafted Nanoparticle Assemblies with Low Grafting Density

Matrix-free, polymer-grafted nanoparticle (PGN) assemblies show promise for a wide array of structural, photonic, and electrical applications. We examine the modulus, yield strength, and crazing of...
Non-stick science: Sixty years of research and (in)action on fluorinated compounds.

Understandings of environmental governance both assume and challenge the relationship between expert knowledge and corresponding action. We explore this interplay by examining the context of knowle...
Spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst.

This is a case of a 50-year-old woman with medical history significant for chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcohol abuse who initially presented with a 3-week history of progressively worsening epigastric pain. The patient described the pain as sharp, radiating to the back, worsened with intake of both solid foods and liquids and relieved with self-induced emesis. On admission, the patient was hypertensive, but other vitals were within normal limits. The abdomen was soft; however, there is a firm palpable mass extending from the epigastric to the right and left upper quadrants. Labs were remarkable for hypokalaemia with potassium (K) 3 meq/L (normal range 3.5–4.9 meq/L), mildly elevated lipase 132 U/L (7–60 U/L) and an elevated alkaline phosphatase of 164 U/L (41–108 U/L). CT of the abdomen with contrast (figures 1 and 2) showed a large cystic structure measuring 12.9×21.2 cm directly adjacent to the body of the pancreas and a fluid collection with enhancing rim measuring 4.8×6.6 cm near the pancreatic tail with subsequent displacement of the stomach. Gastroenterology recommended cyst-gastrostomy at a tertiary care centre. However, surgery recommended surgical cyst-gastrostomy in the facility. The patient was made nil per os …
Evaluation of the US Food and Drug Administration Sentinel Analysis Tools Using a Comparator with a Different Indication: Comparing the Rates of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Warfarin and Statin Users

The US Food and Drug Administration’s Sentinel System was established to monitor safety of regulated medical products. Sentinel investigators identified known associations between drugs and adverse events to test reusable analytic tools developed for Sentinel. This test case used a comparator with a different indication. We tested the ability of Sentinel’s reusable analytic tools to identify the known association between warfarin and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Statins, expected to have no effect on GIB, were the comparator. We further explored the impact of analytic features, including matching ratio and stratifying Cox regression analyses, on matched pairs. This evaluation included data from 14 Sentinel Data Partners. New users of warfarin and statins, aged 18 years and older, who had not received other anticoagulants or had recent GIB were matched on propensity score using 1:1 and 1:n variable ratio matching, matching statin users with warfarin users to estimate the average treatment effect in warfarin-treated patients. We compared the risk of GIB using Cox proportional hazards regression, following patients for the duration of their observed continuous treatment or until a GIB. For the 1:1 matched cohort, we conducted analyses with and without stratification on matched pair. The variable ratio matched cohort analysis was stratified on the matched set. We identified 141,398 new users of warfarin and 2,275,694 new users of statins. In analyses stratified on matched pair/set, the hazard ratios (HR) for GIB in warfarin users compared with statin users were 2.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36–3.28) in the 1:1 matched cohort and 3.10 (95% CI 2.76–3.49) in the variable ratio matched cohort. The HR was lower in the analysis of the 1:1 matched cohort not stratified by matched pair (2.22, 95% CI 1.97–2.49), and highest early in treatment. Follow-up for warfarin users tended to be shorter than for statin users. This study identified the expected GIB risk with warfarin compared with statins using an analytic tool developed for Sentinel. Our findings suggest that comparators with different indications may be useful in surveillance in select circumstances. Finally, in the presence of differential censoring, stratification by matched pair may reduce the potential for bias in Cox regression analyses.
Biomimetic Scaffolds for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Skeletal muscle tissue has inherent capacity for regeneration in response to minor injuries. However, in the case of severe trauma, tumor ablations, or in congenital muscle defects, these myopathies can cause irreversible loss of muscle mass and function, a condition referred to as volumetric muscle loss (VML). The natural muscle repair mechanisms are overwhelmed, prompting the search for new muscle regenerative strategies, such as using biomaterials that can provide regenerative signals to either transplanted or host muscle cells. Recent studies involve the use of suitable biomaterials which may be utilized as a template to guide tissue reorganization and ultimately provide optimum micro-environmental conditions to cells. These strategies range from approaches that utilize biomaterials alone to those that combine materials with exogenous growth factors, and ex vivo cultured cells. A number of scaffold materials have been used in the development of grafts to treat VML. In this brief review, we outline the natural skeletal regeneration process, available treatments used in the clinic for muscle injury and promising tissue bioengineering and regenerative approaches for muscle loss treatment.
Regulating Fintech Lending

This essay briefly explains fintech lending, focusing on its differences from traditional lending. It argues that innovations in fintech lending could improve on the status quo in financial services. The status quo is problematic because traditional credit-scoring techniques often prevent the so-called Credit Invisible from accessing credit and because the limited set of data points used to calculate traditional credit scores may discriminate against the most vulnerable Americans. Fintech lending has the potential to reduce discrimination in financial services, both by directly expanding access to credit, especially to marginalized communities, and by indirectly encouraging innovation in the financial services sector. As a result, this essay expresses particular concern with restricting innovation by fintech lenders. Applying the existing regulatory framework to fintech lenders may do more harm than good, even though fintech lenders also have the potential to “perpetuate, exacerbate or mask harmful discrimination.” A key task for fintech regulators is to promote the promise of fintech lending, while mitigating its most perilous aspects, which may generally require taking a wait-and-see approach rather than strictly regulating fintech lenders.
Feeding Experience Enhances Attraction of Female Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Food Plant Odors

Learning in insects is broadly defined as a temporary modification of behavioral responsiveness as a result of experience (Papaj and Prokopy, 1989). According to Papaj and Prokopy (1989) and Thorpe (1993), a decline in a response in the absence of continued experience is another criterion that can be used to specify learning in insects. Learning in phytophagous insects may be manifested as altered responses to host plants following some type of experience. Individual insects exposed to different foods tend to select the food they most recently accepted and experienced, compared to novel foods (Papaj and Prokopy, 1989). Previous experience with a plant or its odor affects the behavior of many adult insects, such as Battus philenor (L.) (Papaj, 1986a,b), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Visser and Thiery, 1986), and Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Landolt and Molina, 1996). In the pipevine swallowtail butterfly B. philenor, the positive effect of exposure to one food plant species on food acceptance was reversed by exposure to a second food plant species (Papaj et al., 1986a). Diaprepes abbreviatus is a polyphagous insect that feeds on foliage of at least 76 plant species (Martorell, 1976). The weevils are attracted to odors of food plants (Beavers et al., 1982; Harari and Landolt, 1997) and form aggregations on or near new growth of host trees (Beavers et al., 1982). Aggregations
Association of Timing of Adjuvant Therapy With Survival in Patients With Resected Stage I to II Pancreatic Cancer.

Importance Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation is widely used to treat resectable pancreatic cancer. Although studies suggest initiation of adjuvant therapy within 12 weeks of surgery, there is no clear time interval associated with better survival. Objective To evaluate the ideal timing of adjuvant therapy for patients with stage I to II resected pancreatic cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included 7548 patients with stage I to II resected pancreatic cancer (5453 with adjuvant therapy; 2095 without adjuvant therapy) from the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2015. Data were collected from January 2014 to December 2015 and analyzed from December 2018 to May 2019. Exposures Adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation at various time intervals. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival (OS). Results A total of 7548 patients (3770 male [49.9%]; median [interquartile range] age, 67 [59-74] years) were identified from the National Cancer Database. Among 5453 patients with adjuvant therapy, a Cox model with restricted cubic splines identified the lowest mortality risk when adjuvant therapy was started 28 to 59 days after surgery. Patients were divided into early (n = 269, adjuvant therapy initiated within 59 days) interval cohorts. Median (interquartile range) overall follow-up was 38.6 (24.6-62.0) months. Compared with the reference interval cohort on multivariable analysis, both the early cohort (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.35;P = .03) and the late cohort (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17;P = .008) were associated with worse mortality. Similarly, the reference interval cohort had improved OS compared with the early cohort in 268 propensity-matched pairs (2-year OS, 52.5% [95% CI, 46.7%-59.0%] vs 45.1% [95% CI, 39.5%-51.6%];P = .02) and compared with the late cohort in 2042 propensity-matched pairs (2-year OS, 51.3% [95% CI, 49.1%-53.6%] vs 45.4% [95% CI, 43.3%-47.7%];P = .01). Patients who received adjuvant therapy more than 12 weeks after surgery (n = 683) had improved OS compared with surgery alone in both multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66-0.85;P Conclusions and Relevance Patients with stage I to II pancreatic cancer who commenced adjuvant therapy within 28 to 59 days after primary surgical resection had improved survival outcomes compared with those with adjuvant therapy before 28 days or after 59 days. Patients who recovered slowly from surgery still benefited from delayed adjuvant therapy initiated more than 12 weeks after surgery compared with patients who underwent surgery only.
Adult Noncredit Students’ Priorities and Satisfaction:

Background. Adult Student Priorities Survey (ASPS) from Ruffalo Noel Levitz was utilized to examine the level of importance and the level of satisfaction of continuing education students in allied ...
Fibrous Protein Systems in Muscle

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fibrous protein systems in muscle. Muscle functions are separated into two classes: (1) those functions associated with the performance of mechanical work, and (2) those functions concerned more with the conservation of stored mechanical energy. Muscles can be thought of as “tension generators” and as work generators. In isometric contractions, muscles develop tension with little change in external dimensions; thus, any work performed must be internal. At the peak of contraction, energy is stored in the series elastic element, which is released in the form of heat as the muscle relaxes. The unit contraction of skeletal muscle is the twitch and represents the contractile response coupled with a cycle of activation by way of the membrane. Tension is not maintained in skeletal muscles for any appreciable time beyond the decay of the active state. It is possible to maintain tension by continually recycling the contractile system.
Electrical-transport properties of Fe3O4/NiO superlattices.

We have utilized molecular-beam-epitaxy techniques in an electron-cyclotron-resonance oxygen plasma to synthesize thin films of NiO, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ (magnetite), and modulated structures of these compounds with repeat structures of (17 \AA{})/(17 \AA{}), (34 \AA{})/(34 \AA{}), and (68 \AA{})/(68 \AA{}). The current-voltage (I-V) relation has been measured for current parallel and perpendicular to the planes, for temperature from 5 to 300 K, and with electric fields E up to ${10}^{5}$ V/cm. All samples show strong nonlinear effects in the I-V behavior with I/V proportional to exp(${\mathit{cE}}^{1/2}$). For NiO and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, c is approximately proportional to 1/T below 100 K, as expected for Poole-Frenkel conduction and, on the basis of this interpretation, yields dielectric constants of 4.1 and 10.1, respectively. A nonmonotonic temperature dependence of c occurs for the modulated structures with a minimum in the field dependence occurring at 40 K. The low-field conductivities found for pure NiO and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ films are similar to those reported for the bulk at the higher temperatures, with ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ films also showing the Verwey transition at 120 K.In the (34 \AA{})/(34 \AA{}) modulated structure, the electrical conductivity and its temperature dependence are consistent with pure ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ in the low-temperature phase, but the Verwey transition upon warming to the high-conductivity phase does not occur at any T300 K, suggesting that low-dimensionality effects may alter the transition. The (34 \AA{})/(34 \AA{}) modulated structure also shows a low-E-field conductivity anisotropy of ${10}^{6}$ or greater, which is comparable to the largest known values for any material. We give arguments why modulated structures may modify the electrical-transport properties of material containing Bohr-like impurity states and show that ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$/NiO may be such a case. We conclude that a modulated and E-field-variable conductivity of many orders of magnitude can be achieved in the modulated structures on a length scale of tens of angstroms, which suggests the possibility of voltage-controlled superlattice phenomena.
The Ongoing Search for Biomarkers of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Responsiveness in Breast Cancer

CDK4 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, are approved in combination with hormonal therapy as a front-line treatment for metastatic HR+, HER2- breast cancer. Their targets, CDK4 and CDK6, are cell-cycle regulatory proteins governing the G1-S phase transition across many tissue types. A key challenge remains to uncover biomarkers to identify those patients that may benefit from this class of drugs. Although CDK4/6i addition to estrogen modulation therapy essentially doubles the median progression-free survival, overall survival is not significantly increased. However, in reality only a subset of treated patients respond. Many patients exhibit primary resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition and do not derive any benefit from these agents, often switching to chemotherapy within 6 months. Some patients initially benefit from treatment, but later develop secondary resistance. This highlights the need for complementary or companion diagnostics to pinpoint patients who would respond. In addition, because CDK4 is a bona fide target in other tumor types where CDK4/6i therapy is currently in clinical trials, the lack of target identification may obscure benefit to a subset of patients there as well. This review summarizes the current status of CDK4/6i biomarker test development, both in clinical trials and at the bench, with particular attention paid to those which have a strong biological basis as well as supportive clinical data.
MLSBench: A Synthesizable Dataset of HLS Designs to Support ML Based Design Flows

With the advent of Machine Learning (ML), predictive EDA tools are becoming the next hot topic of research in the EDA community, and researchers are working on ML-based tools to predict the performance of the EDA tool. As the designs become complex, there is a need to start the design using higher levels of abstraction, such as High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools in FPGA and SoC design flows. Quick prediction of performance-related parameters of the final design after the C-synthesis stage, can help in rapid design closure. Even though multiple papers exist in the domain of post routing performance prediction of HLS tools, there are no standard benchmarks available to compare the performance and accuracy of the predictive models. In this paper, we have presented MLSBench, a collection of around 5000 synthesizable designs written in C and C++. We provide a methodology to generate designs with various variations from a single design, which creates a potential for creating newer designs and enlarging the database in the future. This is followed by analysis, and validating the generated designs are indeed different. This allows designers to create generalized machine-learning-based models that are not overfitted to a small dataset. We also perform statistical analysis for measuring the design diversity by synthesizing them using Xilinx-Vivado HLS for Zynq 7000 device series.
A Nationwide Epidemiological Analysis of Finger Infections Presenting to Emergency Departments in the United States From 2012 to 2016

Background: There is a paucity of literature exploring the epidemiology of finger infections presenting to emergency departments (EDs) on a national scale. The purpose of this study was to determine the national incidence of and risk factors for finger infections. Methods: Finger infections presenting to EDs between 2012 and 2016 were identified in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Finger infections were characterized by mechanism and type, with subanalyses for sex, race, and age. Results: Over this 5-year period, finger infections accounted for 80 519 visits to EDs in the United States. The annual incidence increased significantly from 4.4 per 100 000 person-years in 2012 to 6.2 in 2016. The 3 most common causes of finger infections were nail manicuring tools, knives, and doors. The most common diagnosis was finger cellulitis (46.3%). Significantly more men developed finger infections than women (relative risk of 1.4). The highest overall incidence was observed in 40- to 59-year-old men (7.8 per 100 000 person-years). Tenosynovitis resulted in the largest proportion of admissions (25%). Conclusions: We have demonstrated a rising incidence of finger infections presenting to EDs, with 40- to 59-year-old patients most at risk. The most common mechanism was the use of nail manicuring tools, such as nail clippers. Patient education may decrease finger infection incidence from these activities, and early detection of finger infections may be crucial to minimizing hospital admissions and invasive treatments.
The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence as a Case Study for the Historiography of Physics

This paper examines an important episode in the history of early modern physics – the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence of 1715-16, an exchange that occurred at the intersection of physics, metaphysics and theology – before turning to questions of interpretation in the historiography of physics. Samuel Clarke, a disciple of Isaac Newton, engaged in a dispute over Newton’s commitment to absolute space and absolute time with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who criticized Newton’s views and advanced a rival account. I clarify the positions at stake in the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence, define a variety of terms – absolute space, absolute time, substantivalism, and relationalism – endogenous to the exchange, and reconstruct key elements in the philosophical dimension of the dispute. I then use the Leibniz-Clarke exchange as a springboard from which to examine interpretive considerations in the historiography of physics. I argue that the history of physics can benefit from reassessing its historiographical commitments by borrowing or appropriating some of the intellectual resources used by philosophers working in the history of philosophy. This historiographical reassessment, I contend, will not only shed new light on the Leibniz-Clarke exchange but may also reinvigorate the history of physics.
Examining peer support arrangements for students with visual impairment

Students with visual impairment (VI) often have limited social interactions in inclusive classroom settings. This study used a multiple-probe-across-participants design to evaluate the impact of pe...
The Strategic Association between Information and Communication Technologies and Sustainability: A Country-Level Study

The authors investigate the strategic association between information and communication technologies ICTs and sustainability using empirical data. Their hypothesis is that ICTs can promote a country's sustainability. In their framework the authors include the ICT factors of access, quality, affordability, applications, and institutional efficiency & sustainability. Sustainability is represented by individual development indicators, grouped in the clusters of environment, transportation infrastructure, energy consumption efficiency, economic development, and education. Using secondary data on ICTs and sustainability development indicators for countries from the World Bank, meanwhile controlling for the wealth effect, our main multivariate result indicates that ICTs factors have a positive association with sustainability. ICTs, therefore, have the potential to promote sustainability. The authors' results are useful in shaping strategic policy decisions that involve the nature and extent of investment in ICT infrastructure at the country level.
Funds of knowledge in making: reenvisioning maker education in teacher preparation

Despite the growth of the Maker Movement, few studies have examined what learning opportunities in teacher education programs facilitate preservice teachers’ understanding of inclusive making for s...
Micro Rover Mission for Measuring Lunar Polar Ice

Lunar ice, present at the poles, could be a source of water for drinking and growing crops, generating oxygen for breathing, and producing propellants for venturing beyond the moon to deep space. Viability of this grand vision depends on specifics of the accessibility, depth and concentration of the ice, which can only be determined by surface missions. This requires a campaign of diverse, repeated robotic explorations over time. This paper profiles MoonRanger, a micro-rover manifested on a 2022 NASA Commercial Lander Payload Services (CLPS) flight, which will be the first such mission, with its technologies, designs and operations for a pioneering in-situ measurement of lunar ice. The paper addresses the challenges of and solutions for micro-rover perception in darkness, navigation and mapping autonomy with limited computing, mechatronic miniaturization, mobility in polar terrain, thermal management, power generation, and others. MoonRanger's mission principles, designs, analyses and performance of the innovations, component technologies, rover, system and mission. Details covering rover design, its performance, and system elements such as stow-deploy, power, avionics, thermal, software and communication scenarios are articulated. The paper describes principles, instrument, and means for measuring ice. System considerations such as ConOps, ground control, and risk posture are addressed. The paper touches on the creative, operational, lean and resourceful development culture that is producing this. The paper concludes by discussing the “firsts”, the impacts of the technical contributions, the status of the development, and the path to mission.
Incorporation of plasma-based next-generation sequencing to improve guideline-concordant molecular testing in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.

14Background: Current NCCN guidelines recommend comprehensive molecular profiling for all newly diagnosed patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC to enable the delivery of personalized medicine...
Refractive-index-matched polymer for experimental fluid dynamics in water

In experimental fluid dynamics, it would be invaluable to have solids with a refractive index similar to that of water, hence simplifying the use of existing facilities to study flows around complex geometries. Here we report a polymer that is refractive-index-matched with water at room temperature and can be cast in thick specimens. We successfully demonstrated its use with three common laser-based diagnostics: laser-induced fluorescence, particle image velocimetry, and molecular tagging velocimetry.
The imported fire ant: immunopathologic significance.

The imported fire ant is a major insect cause of generalized hypersensitivity in the southern United States. The alkaloids in the ant's unique venom also produce substantial morbidity due to local reactions, both toxin- and IgE-mediated. Immunotherapy—with whole body extracts as well as with venom—is given only to patients with systemic reactions.
A Holomorphic Characterization of C*-Algebras

Publisher Summary The theory of operator algebras, that is, C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras on complex Hilbert spaces is of increasing importance to many branches of mathematics, for example, integration theory, operator theory, algebraic topology, and particularly mathematical physics and quantum mechanics. Because C*-algebras provide a natural framework for the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, it is an important problem to characterize the class of C*-algebras by certain properties, for instance, motivated by physical experiments. Two characterizations of operator algebras in different categories exist: (1) A. Connes' characterization of von Neumann algebras in terms of self-dual homogeneous Hilbert cones and (2) the work of Alfsen and Shultz characterizing the state spaces of C*-algebras using the geometry of compact convex sets and their affine function spaces.
The Character of Cracks In Fracture Toughness Measurements of Ceramics

X-ray microradiographic and in situ SEM techniques that are complimentary and uniquely suitable for characterizing cracks and crack propagation in brittle materials are described. Results obtained from these observations in ceramics show that the cracks are not generally of the ideal character assumed in typical fracture mechanics analysis. Local microstructure as well as the crystallographic structure of the specimens are shown to be important in determining crack variations. These results are discussed in terms of evaluating and improving the fracture toughness measurements. 9 refs.
Critical Factors Affecting Automotive Sulfate Emissions

Two recently completed experimental programs provide data on four critical factors affecting automotive sulfate emissions: catalyst selectivity, catalyst age, driving mode, and gasoline sulfur level. A fifth factor, excess 02 level is discussed, but was not studied experimentally. In the first program, 20 1975 California model cars each accumulated 80,000 km on fuel containing 300 ppm sulfur. The cars used three different catalyst systems and were tested under four different test conditions. In the second program, four catalyst systems were tested on fuels containing 24 to 469 ppm sulfur using SET, 64 km/h cruise, and FTP test conditions. /GMRL/
Characterizing image fusion techniques in stereoscopic HTDs

Stereoscopic display is fundamental to many virtual reality systems. Stereoscopic systems render two perspective views of a scene one for each eye of the user. Ideally the user's visual system combines the stereo image pairs into a single, 3D perceived image. In practice, however, users can have difficulty fusing the stereo image pair into a single 3D image. Researchers have used a number of software methods to reduce fusion problems. We are particularly concerned with the effects of these techniques on stereoscopic HTDs (Head-Tracked Display). In these systems the head is tracked but the display is stationary, attached to a desk, tabletop or wall. This paper comprehensively surveys software fusion techniques. We then geometrically characterize and classify the various techniques and illustrate how they relate to stereoscopic HTD application characteristics.
Degradation of endosperm mRNAs during dry afterripening of cereal grains.

The endosperm of dormant wild oat (Avena fatua L.) grains contains a number of mRNAs, including low levels of transcripts encoding avenin (AV10), puroindoline-like (AV1) and serine proteinase inhibitor-like (Z1) proteins. During dry afterripening, a period of warm dry storage that relieves dormancy, the abundance of these intact transcripts gradually declined to undetectable levels in pooled grain samples. In contrast, the three mRNAs did not decline in grains stored for the same period at −20°C, and levels of mRNA decay products derived from these transcripts did not change during afterripening. Disappearance of the three intact mRNAs was not a general phenomenon, since abundance of more than 5000 other seed mRNAs did not change during this period. Additional experiments were conducted to test the idea that the presence of these transcripts was positively correlated with seed dormancy status. First, the rate of intact Z1 mRNA decline was similar to the rate of dormancy relief during 9 months of afterripening. Second, cultivated oat (A. sativa) grains (which are not dormant at maturity) contained much lower levels of these mRNAs than did highly dormant wild oat grains. Third, levels of full-length AV1 and Z1 mRNAs remained constant in dormant grains during 6 d of imbibition. However, Northern analyses of individual grains from a partially afterripened seed lot showed that amounts of intact AV1 or Z1 mRNAs were highly variable in germinating and dormant grains and were not correlated with dormancy status. Even though loss of these transcripts occurred under the same environmental conditions that promote afterripening, a causal relationship between the two processes seems unlikely. The apparently specific mechanism(s) by which these mRNAs are degraded in endosperm tissue may represent a novel post-transcriptional process for regulating levels of certain transcripts in dry grains.
Having more by doing less: the paradox of leisure constraints in later life.

A considerable literature now documents the vast array of constraints that keep people from participating in or enjoying recreation and leisure activities. Consistently these factors have been rega...
Characteristics of a brushless doubly-fed machine in current-fed mode of operation

This paper discusses the development of a current-forced model for a brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM). The current-forced model is analyzed both in dynamic as well as in steady-state operating conditions. The simulated characteristics of the BDFM under dynamic operating conditions are presented using the parameters of an existing 5-HP laboratory prototype machine. Comparisons are shown between the simulated steady state characteristics and laboratory experimental data. It is concluded that this current-forced model representation of the BDFM, while retaining all the information pertaining to machine dynamics in a reduced order model, simplifies the analysis aspects of machine characteristics, stability and control. >