cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More than menorrhagia: a review of the obstetric and gynaecological manifestations of bleeding disorders

In women, menorrhagia may be the most common manifestation of a bleeding disorder, but it is not the only reproductive tract abnormality that women with bleeding disorders experience. Women with bleeding disorders appear to be at an increased risk of developing haemorrhagic ovarian cysts and possibly endometriosis. As they grow older, they may be more likely to manifest conditions, which present with bleeding such as fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia and polyps. Women with bleeding disorders are more likely to undergo a hysterectomy and are more likely to have the operation at a younger age. During pregnancy, they may be at greater risk of miscarriage and bleeding complications. At the time of childbirth, women with bleeding disorders appear to be more likely to experience postpartum haemorrhage, particularly delayed or secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Vaginal or vulvar haematomas, extremely rare in women without bleeding disorders, are not uncommon. While women with bleeding disorders are at risk for the same obstetrical and gynaecological problems that affect all women, they appear to be disproportionately affected by conditions that manifest with bleeding.
Capacitor placement and real time control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: loss reduction formula, problem formulation, solution methodology and mathematical justification

A comprehensive study of capacitor placement and real-time control in general unbalanced distribution systems is undertaken. New developments in a loss reduction formula, problem formulations, solution methodology and mathematical justification are presented. The problem is decoupled into two subproblems: the capacitor placement subproblem; and the real-time control subproblem. An effective solution algorithm for placing capacitors and determining their real-time control schemes for general unbalanced distribution systems is proposed. To meet the need for efficient implementation in real-time environments, a fast pseudo gradient-type mechanism for deriving capacitor control settings is incorporated into the solution algorithms. A quadratic integer programming based approach is proposed to determine the number, locations and sizing of capacitors to be placed in the distribution systems. The subproblem of determining capacitor control settings under varying loading conditions is formulated as another quadratic integer programming problem. Mathematical justification is provided to show that the proposed algorithms are guaranteed to yield local optimal solutions.
Thinking through war: The social thought of Richard T. Ely, John R. Commons, and Edward A. Ross during the First World War

This paper examines the social thought of University of Wisconsin professors Richard T. Ely, John R. Commons, and Edward A. Ross during World War I. Like many of their fellow scholars, these three were actively involved in the pro-war effort. Although their support for the war was strongly conditioned by personal and occupational considerations, the impact of their wartime service was not restricted to those realms. Their social thought, which they impressed into service explaining and justifying the war, was itself altered in subtle and sometimes surprising ways by the forceful positions they took on the political, economic, and racial significance of the conflict.
Evidence and implications of an extensive early Mesozoic rift basin and basalt/diabase sequence beneath the southeast Coastal Plain

Regional seismic reflection profiles across the Georgia and South Carolina Coastal Plain provide a detailed view into the internal structure and stratigraphy of the buried Triassic-Jurassic South Georgia basin. Reflection data indicate that the basin is a complex composite of smaller, individual basins which vary drastically along strike. These basins are relatively wide along north-south profile (maximum >100 km) but appear to be more restricted along strike. In cross section, the basins are asymmetric, being typically bounded on their south sides by an interpreted north-dipping master normal falult. The thickness of interpreted basin fill below the Cretaceous-Tertiary overlap also varies drastically, locally reaching 6 km. Analysis and correlation of the reflection profiles, when integrated with drill-hole and offshore reflection data, suggest the presence of an areally extensive basalt flow and/or diabase sill sequence of probable Early-Middle Jurassic age, covering a large part of the Triassic-Jurassic South Georgia basin. The sequence is traceable on seismic reflection profiles across much of the South Georgia basin and may extend as far as from western Georgia to offshore South Carolina. The implied areal extent of this sequence would be more than 100,000 km 2 , ranking it among the great basalt flows and/or sills of the world. On seismic reflection profiles over the South Georgia basin, the basalt/diabase sequence is also important in marking a "post-rift" unconformity which separates tilted and apparently faulted lower Mesozoic rift-related strata below from a thinner, more widespread, and generally unfaulted sequence above. This configuration is interpreted to mean that basalt extrusion and/or hypabyssal intrusion occurred after the main episode of Late Triassic-Early(?) Jurassic normal faulting and associated localized subsidence ("syn-rift" phase) and prior to a later, Jurassic episode of more widespread uniform subsidence ("post-rift" phase) accompanied by relatively minor normal faulting. This two-stage evolutionary sequence is analogous to that of many rift basins throughout the world and suggests a hypothesis that the South Georgia basin was an area of incipient crustal spreading associated with the early formation of the central Atlantic Ocean.
Formation of rigid, non-flight forewings (elytra) of a beetle requires two major cuticular proteins

Insect cuticle is composed primarily of chitin and structural proteins. To study the function of structural cuticular proteins, we focused on the proteins present in elytra (modified forewings that become highly sclerotized and pigmented covers for the hindwings) of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We identified two highly abundant proteins, TcCPR27 (10 kDa) and TcCPR18 (20 kDa), which are also present in pronotum and ventral abdominal cuticles. Both are members of the Rebers and Riddiford family of cuticular proteins and contain RR2 motifs. Transcripts for both genes dramatically increase in abundance at the pharate adult stage and then decline quickly thereafter. Injection of specific double-stranded RNAs for each gene into penultimate or last instar larvae had no effect on larval–larval, larval–pupal, or pupal–adult molting. The elytra of the resulting adults, however, were shorter, wrinkled, warped, fenestrated, and less rigid than those from control insects. TcCPR27-deficient insects could not fold their hindwings properly and died prematurely approximately one week after eclosion, probably because of dehydration. TcCPR18-deficient insects exhibited a similar but less dramatic phenotype. Immunolocalization studies confirmed the presence of TcCPR27 in the elytral cuticle. These results demonstrate that TcCPR27 and TcCPR18 are major structural proteins in the rigid elytral, dorsal thoracic, and ventral abdominal cuticles of the red flour beetle, and that both proteins are required for morphogenesis of the beetle's elytra.
Effects of NaCl concentration on salting-in and dilution during salting-out on soy protein fractionation

Glycinin and β-conglycinin are the main storage proteins in soybeans that can be fractionated by using alkali extraction, SO2, salting-in with NaCl, salting-out by dilution and pH adjustment to produce a glycinin-rich fraction, a β-conglycinin–rich fraction, and an intermediate fraction, which is a mixture of the two proteins. Two different strategies were employed to optimize the procedure to achieve high efficiency in recovering the β-conglycinin–rich fraction. The first strategy was to optimize salting-in effects of NaCl, and the effects of NaCl concentration on the yields and purities of the protein fractions were investigated. The maximum protein yield of the β-conglycinin–rich fraction was obtained at 500 mM NaCl, but at the expense of purity. The optimum NaCl concentration was 250 mM, at which good protein yield (18.5%) and purity (84.5%) were achieved. At higher NaCl concentrations, the protein yields of the intermediate fractions were significantly lower, and the protein loss in the whey fraction increased. The second strategy was to improve the salting-out step for the β-conglycinin–rich fraction. At 0- and 0.5-fold dilution, the purities and yields of the β-conglycinin–rich fractions were significantly lower than at 1.0- and 2.0-fold dilution. There were no differences in protein yields or purities when using 1.0- or 2.0-fold dilution. According to these results, the recommended NaCl concentration for the salting-in step is 250 mM and the dilution factor for salting-out is 1.0.
A practical device for processing Polaroid 55 P/N film used with scanning electron microscopes

SUMMARY A device to improve the awkward handling and processing of Polaroid type 55 P/N film used with scanning electron microscopes can be constructed from Plexiglass and 1, 2 dichloroethane.
Computer simulation of Clostridium botulinum strain 56A behavior at low spore concentrations

It is generally assumed that spore behavior is independent of spore concentration, but recently published mathematical models indicate that this is not the case. A Monte Carlo simulation was employed in this study to further examine the independence assumption by evaluating the inherent variance in spore germination data. All simulations were carried out with @Risk software. A total of 500 to 4,000 iterations were needed for each simulation to reach convergence. Lag time and doubling time from a higher inoculum concentration were used to simulate the time to detection (TTD) at a lower inoculum concentration under otherwise identical environmental conditions. The point summaries of the simulated and observed TTDs were recorded for the 26 simulations, with kinetic data at the target inoculum concentration. The ratios of the median (R(m) = median(obs)/median(sim)) and 90% range (R(r) = 90% range(obs)/90% range(sim)) were calculated. Most R(m) and R(r) values were greater than one, indicating that the simulated TTDs were smaller and more homogeneous than the observed ones. R(r) values departed farther from one than R(m) values. Ratios obtained when simulating 1 spore with 10,000 spores deviated the farthest from one. Neither ratio was significantly different from the other when simulating 1 spore with 100 spores or simulating 100 spores with 10,000 spores. When kinetic data were not available, the percent positive observed at the 95th percentile of the simulated TTDs was obtained. These simulation results confirmed that the assumption of independence between spores is not valid.
Influenza-associated morbidity in children with cancer.

Background The clinical impact of influenza in children undergoing therapy for cancer is not well-described in the literature. Procedure Laboratory-documented influenza infection in pediatric oncology patients cared for in a single regional pediatric medical center between July 2000 and June 2005 was identified by review of medical and laboratory records. Results Twenty-seven clinical encounters were identified in 24 pediatric oncology patients with influenza infection. Eighty-three percent of patients were receiving chemotherapy for hematologic or solid malignancies. Two-thirds of patients were hospitalized for a median duration of 7.4 days; 40% of patients experienced a delay in scheduled chemotherapy as result of influenza infection. Most children (67%) were not neutropenic, although 63% were lymphopenic. Importantly, 15% of children with influenza had simultaneously diagnosed bacteremia. Concomitant pathogens included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Primary influenza pneumonia and/or respiratory failure occurred in three children, and ventilatory support was required in four clinical encounters. Antiviral medications were administered to 63% of patients within 2 days of influenza diagnosis. Conclusion Pediatric oncology patients experienced significant influenza-associated morbidities. Influenza infection should be considered in febrile children with respiratory symptoms during the respiratory viral season, as well as concurrent bacterial or fungal infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:983–987. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Heterogeneity, Job Creation and Unemployment Volatility

In this paper, I explore the impact of match-specific heterogeneity at the job creation margin on business cycle fluctuations. I show that this form of heterogeneity alone does not help to amplify labor market volatility, either under full or under asymmetric information. First, I show analytically that, under full information, heterogeneity has no first-order effect on the response of unemployment and job creation to productivity, and actually tends to dampen the response of market tightness. Then, in a series of calibrations, I show that with both full and asymmetric information, the model delivers labor market volatilities close to the representative-agent, full-information benchmark.
Chlordimeform Residues from Cotton Leaves

Concentrations of chlordimeform, demethyl chlordimeform (N ′-(4-chloro- o -tolyl)- N -methylformamidine), the corresponding amine ( N -(4-chloro- o -tolyl) formamide), and the corresponding anilide (4-chloro- o -toluidine) were separated by GLC and determined with an electrolytic conductivity detector in the nitrogen mode. All peaked at intervals of 1 min or more at minimum sensitivities of 5–40 ng. The compounds were applied to cotton leaves on growing plants; rinses were made from leaves harvested at various times after treatment. After 24 h only 5% of the EC form of chlordimeform (dissolved in water) was recovered, whereas 25% of the HCl salt was recovered.
Educator and Institutional Entrepreneur: Cooperative Extension and the Building of Localized Food Systems

Cooperative Extension Service educators work within an established network of offices throughout the United States and have the potential to tap both structural and relationship networks to foster collaboration and catalyze institutional change in food systems. The prerequisites and processes to generate systemic change, however, challenge the established logic of information transfer that has dominated Extension Service practice. This paper considers the nature of Extension's engagement in food systems both conceptually and in practice, based on a two-year train-the-trainer professional development project in North Carolina designed to support the emergence of local food systems. Extension initiatives are examined in light of two social change models: diffusion of innovations, based on knowledge transfer and spatial diffusion; and institutional change, based on inter-organizational relationships and mutually held cultural understandings. We suggest that the work of food systems change is more usefully viewed through an institutional lens, with extension educators serving as "institutional entrepreneurs" to address and leverage the concerns of the communities in which they are embedded into lasting food system change.
Power flow control and ZVS analysis of three limb high frequency transformer based three-port DAB

The work presented in this paper focuses on the power flow control and study of three-limb high frequency transformer enabled three port Dual Active Bridge(DAB) converter, using 1200V and 1700V SiC devices. The advantage of using three-limb transformer is given by the low inter-winding parasitic capacitances due to placement of windings on different limbs and elimination of inter-winding insulations unlike concentric windings. The focus of the paper is based on power characterization for independent power flow of three port DAB using modulation control, and ZVS scenario study under the modulation control. Detailed analysis for power flow control and turn-on/turn-off ZVS conditions have been realized. A laboratory scale prototype using SiC Mosfets has been made and experimental results have been obtained for 500V dc input voltages and 1000V dc output voltage at 8.2kW of power.
Heteropolyanions: Molecular Building Blocks for Ultrathin Oxide Films

α-Phosphovanadotungstate monolayers are formed on Ag(111) by reaction of the surface with α-PVW11O404−in acidic aqueous solution. The ordered domains formed on smooth Ag(111) terraces are extremely large, on the average over 1,000 nm2in area. Comparison of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the Ag(111) surface during immersion in solutions containing α-PVW11O404−and α-PVW11O405− show that the former, oxidized form is required for the formation of ordered domains. A combination of UV-visible and ICP-atomic absorption spectroscopy confirmed that α-PVW11O404−is an effective etchant for the Ag(111) surface.
Achieving the EMBaaSABLE: easy cloud storage, push notifications and social media integration in an introductory mobile computing class

Many of the most popular mobile apps include some combination of access to data from multiple devices, sharing of data among multiple users, push notifications, and social media integration. Consequently, students studying mobile computing naturally expect that they will be able to implement the same in their own projects. This paper explores Mobile Backend as a Service (MBaaS), a technology that makes what would otherwise be an exceptionally difficult task feasible, even in an introductory Mobile Computing class. It begins with an overview of where MBaaS falls in the spectrum of other services; details the motivation for its use; shows a typical MBaaS API in the app "Virtual Candle!"; provides an experience report; and then concludes with a comparison of MBaaS features among the most prominent vendors.
Developing a risk model to target high-risk preventive interventions for sexual assault victimization among female U.S. Army soldiers

Sexual violence victimization is a significant problem among female U.S. military personnel. Preventive interventions for high-risk individuals might reduce prevalence but would require accurate ta...
Critical Consciousness: A Critique and Critical Analysis of the Literature

The education system has been heralded as a tool of liberation and simultaneously critiqued as a tool of social control to maintain the oppressive status quo. Critical consciousness (CC), developed by the Brazilian educator, Paulo Freire, advanced an educational pedagogy to liberate the masses from systemic inequity maintained and perpetuated by process, practices and outcomes of interdependent systems and institutions. If people are not aware of inequity and do not act to constantly resist oppressive norms and ways of being, then the result is residual inequity in perpetuity. If inequity is likened to a disease or poison, then CC has been deemed the antidote to inequity and the prescription needed to break the cycle. As such, CC is a construct that has important scholarly, practice and policy implications. Scholars, noting the relevance and application of CC to current social problems, have advanced CC theory and practice. However, these innovative advancements have left fissures in the CC theoretical base in need of resolution and consensus to advance a collective and organized body of CC theory. This paper explores the divergent CC scholarship within CC theory and practice articles, provides an in-depth review of the inconsistencies, and suggests ideas to resolve the discrepancies from the literature to support the need for a new, CC-based construct, transformative potential. Without such a review, moving toward conceptual clarity, the lack of a coherent CC knowledgebase will impede the reflection and action needed to transform systems and institutions that maintain and perpetuate systemic inequity that have dehumanizing consequences. If implemented within urban education, theoretical models, grounded in CC theory, could help achieve a system of education that is just, equitable and liberating.
Does Past Performance Matter in Investment Manager Selection

The authors empirically investigate the investment impact of commonly used manager selection heuristics that involve redeploying assets from underperforming to outperforming managers. Studying portfolios constructed using the typical three-year evaluation periods employed by most pension funds, the authors find that investors who chose managers with poor recent performance earned higher benchmark-adjusted returns than those who chose managers with superior recent performance. Their findings pose a challenge for asset owners: If past performance is used at all in selecting managers, it is the best-performing managers who should be replaced, not the underperforming ones. Realistically, however, a policy of replacing successful managers with poor performers is unlikely to gain widespread acceptance. Instead, the practical implication of this article is that asset owners should focus on factors other than past performance. The authors offer alternate criteria for selecting managers.
Screening the ToxCast phase II libraries for alterations in network function using cortical neurons grown on multi-well microelectrode array (mwMEA) plates

Methods are needed for rapid screening of environmental compounds for neurotoxicity, particularly ones that assess function. To demonstrate the utility of microelectrode array (MEA)-based approaches as a rapid neurotoxicity screening tool, 1055 chemicals from EPA’s phase II ToxCast library were evaluated for effects on neural function and cell health. Primary cortical networks were grown on multi-well microelectrode array (mwMEA) plates. On day in vitro 13, baseline activity (40 min) was recorded prior to exposure to each compound (40 µM). Changes in spontaneous network activity [mean firing rate (MFR)] and cell viability (lactate dehydrogenase and CellTiter Blue) were assessed within the same well following compound exposure. Following exposure, 326 compounds altered (increased or decreased) normalized MFR beyond hit thresholds based on 2× the median absolute deviation of DMSO-treated wells. Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides, chemical intermediates, and herbicides accounted for 86% of the hits. Further, changes in MFR occurred in the absence of cytotoxicity, as only eight compounds decreased cell viability. ToxPrint chemotype analysis identified several structural domains (e.g., biphenyls and alkyl phenols) significantly enriched with MEA actives relative to the total test set. The top 5 enriched ToxPrint chemotypes were represented in 26% of the MEA hits, whereas the top 11 ToxPrints were represented in 34% of MEA hits. These results demonstrate that large-scale functional screening using neural networks on MEAs can fill a critical gap in assessment of neurotoxicity potential in ToxCast assay results. Further, a data-mining approach identified ToxPrint chemotypes enriched in the MEA-hit subset, which define initial structure–activity relationship inferences, establish potential mechanistic associations to other ToxCast assay endpoints, and provide working hypotheses for future studies.
Randomized, Controlled Trials in Health Insurance Systems.

This review article considers the strengths and weaknesses of randomized clinical trials that are conducted through the analysis of data gathered by health insurers.
Using subversion as an aid in evaluating individuals working on a group coding project

Evaluating individual students working on a group project can be a difficult task. Students should be rewarded proportionately to their accomplishments on the project, but it is difficult to determine the exact accomplishments of each individual in the group. In this paper we show how to use a version control system as an aid in determining the accomplishments of each individual in a group programming project.
Statistical disease mapping for heterogeneous neuroimaging studies

Most cancers and neuro-related diseases (e.g., autism and stroke) display significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Characterizing such heterogeneity could transform our understanding of the etiology of these conditions and inspire new approaches to urgently needed preventions, diagnoses, and treatments. However, existing statistical methods face major challenges in delineating such heterogeneity at both group and individual levels. The aim of this paper is to propose a novel statistical disease mapping (SDM) framework to address some of these challenges. We develop an efficient estimation method to estimate unknown parameters in SDM and individual and group disease maps. Both simulation studies and real data analysis on the ADNI PET dataset indicate that our SDM can not only effectively detect diseased regions in each patient, but also provide a group disease map analysis of Alzheimer (AD) subgroups.
Settler colonialism as eco-social structure and the production of colonial ecological violence

Settler colonialism is a significant force shaping eco-social relations within what is called the United States. This paper demonstrates some of the ways that settler colonialism structures environ...
Performance of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel in a coal liquefaction dissolver vessel environment

Smooth-bar and notched-bar tensile specimens of bainitic 2hi Cr-1 Mo steel were exposed with and without an applied stress to argon gas or to a coal slurry-H2 enviroment for various conditions of time, temperature and pressure. Room temperature mechanical properties determined after each coal slurry-Hg exposure were compared to those of like samples exposed to the same conditions in argon. The coal slurry exposures produced very little change in the room temperature mechanical properties even after 1000 hours at temperatures as high as 426°C and total pressures of 27.6 MPa. Corrosion samples were exposed in both the liquid phase and the gaseous phase above the coal slurry-H^ environment. Scale growth rates, electron microprobe analyses and X-ray analyses of the scale region were obtained.
On Karabegov’s Quantizations of Semisimple Coadjoint Orbits

In this paper we generalize Karabegov’s construction (see [15], [16]) of a star product on Kahler manifolds to the case when the symplectic manifoldMadmits two complementary complex polarizations, and we study the quantum moment map in the case of semisimple coadjoint orbits.
Image – Building: A Branded Occupation by Night

The aim of this paper is to examine the narratives of two films, Les Nuits Electriques by Eugene Deslaw (1928) and site specific_LAS VEGAS 05 by Olivio Barbieri (2005), using a favorite theme of avant-garde filmmakers: urban lighting in direct combination with neon light advertising.This paper offers a nuanced perspective on how film affects the understanding of neon advertising in relation to the built environment. Also, the paper explores the social, cultural, economic and political and conceptual implications of architecture as a sign through the interpretation of those who capture it.
REM obstructive sleep apnea: risk for adverse health outcomes and novel treatments

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was discovered nearly 60 years ago. This stage of sleep accounts for approximately a quarter of total sleep time in healthy adults, and it is mostly concentrated in the second half of the sleep period. The majority of research on REM sleep has focused on neurocognition. More recently, however, there has been a growing interest in understanding whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during the two main stages of sleep (REM and non-REM sleep) leads to different cardiometabolic and neurocognitive risk. In this review, we discuss the growing evidence indicating that OSA during REM sleep is a prevalent disorder that is independently associated with adverse cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive outcomes. From a therapeutic standpoint, we discuss limitations of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy given that 3 or 4 h of CPAP use from the beginning of the sleep period would leave 75% or 60% of obstructive events during REM sleep untreated. We also review potential pharmacologic approaches to treating OSA during REM sleep. Undoubtedly, further research is needed to establish best treatment strategies in order to effectively treat REM OSA. Moreover, it is critical to understand whether treatment of REM OSA will translate into better patient outcomes.
Precision Measurements to Assess Baseline Status and Efficacy of Healthy Living Medicine.

Abstract Precision medicine recently has gained popularity, calling for more individualized approaches to prevent and/or reduce chronic-disease risk and to reduce non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Encompassed under Precision medicine initiatives is the concept of healthy living medicine (HLM), which emphasizes the promotion of lifestyle and behavioral practices including physical activity and healthy dietary pattern. Precision measurements have the potential to improve the understanding of how risk factors influence disease trajectory, and further inform on how to precisely tailor clinical strategies to manage risk factors to prevent disease manifestation, and refine therapies according the patient's demographic, environment, and disease etiology. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application of established and emerging measurements that may be used in HLM to manage and optimize care in CVD prevention.
NAD-biosynthetic pathways regulate innate immunity

Recent studies indicate that macrophages utilize NAD+-biosynthetic pathways to control inflammation and cell survival during the immune response and aging.
Dimensions of burn survivor distress and its impact on hospital length of stay: A national institute on disability, independent living, and rehabilitation research burn model system study.

Abstract Objective Guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, this study seeks to (1) examine the independent relationships between the level of distress among burn survivors, pre-morbid psychiatric history, and burn severity on length of hospital stay, and (2) to examine the relationship between having a premorbid psychiatric history and level of distress following a burn injury. Methods Data collected by the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, Rehabilitation Research funded Burn Model System (N = 846) was used to theoretically link psychological distress with the length of hospital stay for survivors of burn injuries. Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate the aims of this study. Results Although counterintuitive, and while significant, burn severity was found to have a rather modest association with a burn survivor’s level of distress, indicating that one’s ability to cope may be a better predictor of distress rather than burn severity alone. Premorbid psychiatric history was significantly associated with increased levels of distress. While burn severity was associated with length of stay, level of distress did not act as a partial mediator. Length of stay was, however, significantly related to having a premorbid-psychiatric history. Of notable interest, a significant racial, ethnic, and gender difference exists in level of distress. Women and people of color experience higher levels of distress holding constant burn severity and psychiatric history. Conclusion A need exists to assess for and address premorbid and current mental health challenges of burn survivors, specifically the ability to cope, especially among people of color and women, regardless of the burn size or severity.
Mendes, Victor K., and Patrícia Vieira, editors. Portuguese Literature and the Environment. Lexington, 2019

Portuguese Literature and the Environment, edited by Victor K. Mendes and Patricia Vieira, is a groundbreaking collection that contributes significantly to our understanding of Portuguese environmental literary studies.
Global coupling of QCLs: inclusion of dynamics

A theoretical nonlinear treatment of coupled quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by a monolithic Talbot cavity all grown on the same chip is presented, analyzed and the results are compared to recent experiments. The model is capable of computing numerically the stability or instability of the supermodes of the coupled system and can capture possible bifurcations into pulsating intensities. The model is derived by using an equivalent ring laser model that contains several separated gain section all coupled by an integrated Talbot cavity. In the small signal gain limit it captures the threshold gain of the various supermodes and matches the results of previous calculations in the literature in the same limit.
Assumptions Checked: How Families Learn About and Use the Echo Dot

Users of voice assistants often report that they fall into patterns of using their device for a limited set of interactions, like checking the weather and setting alarms. However, it's not clear if limited use is, in part, due to lack of learning about the device's functionality. We recruited 10 diverse families to participate in a one-month deployment study of the Echo Dot, enabling us to investigate: 1) which features families are aware of and engage with, and 2) how families explore, discover, and learn to use the Echo Dot. Through audio recordings of families' interactions with the device and pre- and post-deployment interviews, we find that families' breadth of use decreases steadily over time and that families learn about functionality through trial and error, asking the Echo Dot about itself, and through outside influencers such as friends and family. Formal outside learning influencers, such as manufacturer emails, are less influential. Drawing from diffusion of innovation theory, we describe how a home-based voice interface might be positioned as a near-peer to the user, and that by describing its own functionality using just-in-time learning, the home-based voice interface becomes a trustworthy learning influencer from which users can discover new functionalities.
"The Spirit Thickened": Making the Case for Dance in the Medical Humanities.

In comparison to other art forms, dance remains underrepresented in the medical humanities, especially within the academic medical setting. Several factors, including perceived lack of applicability to patient care, contribute to this pattern. This paper contends that, to the contrary, learners across the medical education spectrum stand to gain much from engaging with the movement arts, including improvement of clinically-relevant skills such as physical self-awareness, observation, communication, and mindfulness. This paper makes the case for the nascent subdiscipline of Movement and Medicine, developed by the authors and piloted for inclusion in medical humanities curricula within a medical education context. Movement and Medicine employs a dance-inspired pedagogy to a) promote awareness of personal movement and embodiment tendencies and b) harness that awareness to gain more profound, sensory insight into the embodied experiences of others—experiences of health, illness, or otherwise. This work outlines the research, rationale, and philosophy behind Movement and Medicine; concretely defines the subdiscipline and situates it within the medical humanities landscape; proposes practical approaches to engaging with and applying this material; and describes a Movement and Medicine course developed for one American medical school.
Structural and functional properties of indica rice starch as influenced by late-stage nitrogen fertilization

Late-stage nitrogen (N) fertilization is an important crop management for improving rice production and also affects the quality of rice, whereas information on the influence of late N on structura...
Cultural Complications Curriculum: Applicability to Surgical Oncology Programs and Practices

BACKGROUND Recognizing the need to raise awareness of core diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues in the healthcare system, our previously developed Cultural Complications Curriculum aims to support institutions in reducing cultural error. As we continue program deployment, we discuss the opportunity to apply the Cultural Complications Curriculum to multidisciplinary audiences, such as in cancer programs. METHODS We discuss applicability of the Cultural Complications Curriculum to cancer programs and practices, including how to tailor case discussions to oncology audiences. By emphasizing the unique characteristics of the multidisciplinary care environment and anticipating potential barriers to curriculum implementation, we demonstrate how the Cultural Complications Curriculum may support culture improvement across broad audiences. RESULTS The successful application of the Cultural Complication Curriculum to multidisciplinary care programs will depend on appreciating differences in background knowledge, tailoring discussions to audience needs, and adapting material by incorporating new data and addressing emerging DEI issues. Multidisciplinary environments may require innovative approaches to education including virtual platforms, increased collaboration across centers and systems, and support from professional societies. In integrated care environments, like oncology, effective DEI discussions call for the engagement of a variety of medical specialties and departments. CONCLUSIONS To meet the needs of an increasingly diverse patient population and workforce, our approach to DEI education must embrace the interdependent nature of care delivery. In oncology and other multidisciplinary care environments, application of the Cultural Complications Curriculum may be the first step to combating cultural error by engaging a broader demographic within our healthcare system.
An Attribution Theorist Addresses the Co-existence of Theoretical Generality and Cultural Specificity

This chapter contends that attribution theory as a set of interrelated constructs is not in need of alteration. One must be very careful in the assumptions being made when contrasting ethnic groups, cultures, genders, and so forth. Success for one may be failure for another; causal information for one may be perceived as useless for another; causes salient to one group may be in the far background for the other; and so on. That is, content must be distinguished from process inasmuch as content may be culturally specific whereas process is culturally general. This means that the theorist must be alert for differences among cultures. However, one must be equally alert to convert phenotypic disparities into genotypic similarities. What appears to be a qualitative difference among cultures may be subject to a similar conceptual analysis. That is, the unique is nonetheless included within more general laws. Two attribution theories that have been developed and issues related to cultural generality are also discussed.
The Pseudocavitation Sign of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Distinguishing Feature and Imaging Biomarker of Lepidic Growth.

Purpose Our purpose was to evaluate whether pseudocavitation, characterized by round or oval areas of low attenuation in a lesion on computed tomography (CT), can help distinguish adenocarcinoma from other types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also sought to determine whether pseudocavitation is associated with lepidic growth on histopathology. Materials and methods This retrospective HIPAA-compliant study was approved by our institutional review board. The need for informed consent was waived. CT scans and pathology records from 158 NSCLCs in 149 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The frequency of pseudocavitation was compared among types of NSCLC, specifically adenocarcinoma versus other types of NSCLC. Subgroup analysis of adenocarcinomas was performed to identify any difference in the frequency of pseudocavitation between adenocarcinomas with reported lepidic growth and those without lepidic growth. Results There was a significantly greater frequency of pseudocavitation in adenocarcinomas versus other types of NSCLC [19/86 (22.1%) vs. 4/72 (5.6%), P=0.007]. The sensitivity and specificity of the pseudocavitation sign for adenocarcinoma were 0.22 and 0.94, respectively. Among adenocarcinomas, the pseudocavitation sign was more frequent in tumors with lepidic growth versus those without lepidic growth [10/24 (41.7%) vs. 9/62 (14.5%), P=0.015]. Conclusions Pseudocavitation at CT is more common in primary lung adenocarcinoma than in other types of NSCLC. It is also more common in adenocarcinomas with lepidic growth, suggesting a correlation between the imaging finding of pseudocavitation and the pathologic finding of lepidic growth. As the subtype of NSCLC guides treatment, predicting tumor pathology by imaging may improve diagnostic workup for patients with NSCLC.
Multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) based tunnel transistor

Conventional and emerging field effect transistor (FET) technologies are approaching its fundamental physical and material limits imposed by the thermionic constraints or “Boltzmann tyranny” that is dependent on the thermal potential. There has been a surge of interest to introduce new devices, and replace silicon by emerging two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials that can push the scaling and performance limits beyond the capabilities of MOSFET and silicon technologies. Here, we introduce the concept of a quantum mechanical band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism based devices with multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) as the channel material. BTBT mechanism has been investigated as a promising current injection mechanism in semiconductor device that can potentially overcome the adverse impacts of the short channel effects and the thermionic limits in MOSFETs. MoS 2 is being considered as the new super-material for the post-silicon era. This paper also presents the analytical model of the tunneling current in the proposed device.
DESIGN: computerized optimization of experimental design for estimating Kd and Bmax in ligand binding experiments. I. Homologous and heterologous binding to one or two classes of sites.

We have developed a versatile computer program for optimization of ligand binding experiments (e.g., radioreceptor assay system for hormones, drugs, etc.). This optimization algorithm is based on an overall measure of precision of the parameter estimates (D-optimality). The program DESIGN uses an exact mathematical model of the equilibrium ligand binding system with up to two ligands binding to any number of classes of binding sites. The program produces a minimal list of the optimal ligand concentrations for use in the binding experiment. This potentially reduces the time and cost necessary to perform a binding experiment. The program allows comparison of any proposed experimental design with the D-optimal design or with assay protocols in current use. The level of nonspecific binding is regarded as an unknown parameter of the system, along with the affinity constant (Kd) and binding capacity (Bmax). Selected parameters can be fixed at constant values and thereby excluded from the optimization algorithm. Emphasis may be placed on improving the precision of a single parameter or on improving the precision of all the parameters simultaneously. We present optimal designs for several of the more commonly used assay protocols (saturation binding with a single labeled ligand, competition or displacement curve, one or two classes of binding sites), and evaluate the robustness of these designs to changes in parameter values of the underlying models. We also derive the theoretical D-optimal design for the saturation binding experiment with a homogeneous receptor class.
Epistemic Justification and the Possibility of Computer Proof

Some mathematical theorems can be proven only with the help of computer programs. Does this reliance on computers introduce empirics into math, and thereby change the nature of proof? I argue no. We must distinguish between the warrant the proof gives for its conclusion, and our knowledge of that warrant. A proof is a priori if and only if the conclusion follows deductively from the premises without empirical justification. I start by defending this definition, and proceed to demonstrate that computer-generated proofs meet its criterion. For more than one hundred years, mathematicians tried and failed to produce a valid mathematical proof of the ―Four Color Theorem‖, or 4TC. First proposed in 1852, the 4TC conjecture remained unproven until Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken published their solution in 1976. Debate immediately erupted about the legitimacy of their methods. Unlike every previous proof, Appel and Haken‘s work made ineliminable use of a computer program. Their knowledge of the 4TC depended on the operations of a physical machine—apparently introducing empirical elements into mathematics, the purest a priori science. Thomas Tymoczko soon emerged as a chief critic of the possibility of a ―computer-assisted proof.‖ These CAPs, he alleged, incorporate contingent facts about the world, whereas
Myth and Mentality: Studies in Folklore and Popular Thought

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2004 Pages: 317 Publisher: Finnish Literature Society ISBN: 951-746-371-5 Prices: $29.99 US
Still and silent: motion detection for enhanced RFID security and privacy without changing the usage model

Personal RFID devices - found, e.g., in access cards and contactless credit cards - are vulnerable to unauthorized reading, owner tracking and different types of relay attacks. We observe that accessing a personal RFID device fundamentally requires moving it in some manner (e.g., swiping an RFID access card in front of a reader). Determining whether or not the device is in motion can therefore provide enhanced security and privacy; the device will respond only when it is in motion, instead of doing so promiscuously. We investigate extending the concept of min-entropy from the realm of random number generation to achieve motion detection on an RFID device equipped with an accelerometer. Our approach is quite simple and well-suited for use on low-cost devices because the min-entropy of an accelerometer's distribution can be efficiently approximated. As opposed to alternative methods, our approach does not require any changes to the usage model expected of personal RFID devices.
Brain atrophy in HIV infection is more strongly associated with CDC clinical stage than with cognitive impairment

HIV infection often results in MRI-detectable brain atrophy and white matter signal hyperintensities (WMSHs). Magnetic resonance images were obtained from 31 HIV+ male patients and 10 high-risk controls. Variation within the HIV+ group on neuropsychological (NP) impairment and stage of systemic disease were relatively independent, allowing examination of the relative association of MRI measures with NP impairment versus with systemic stage of disease. HIV+ patients compared to high-risk controls evidenced global atrophy, reduced caudate nuclei volume, and a trend to gray matter volume loss but no difference in white matter volume or in WMSHs. These effects were progressive with CDC clinical stage such that patients at CDC stage A had values very close to those of controls, while patients at CDC stage C had the most abnormal values. In contrast, the relationship between these MRI variables and severity of NP impairment was much less dramatic, with the mildly to moderately impaired HIV+ subjects showing MRI volume effects greater than or equal to those of the severely impaired HIV+ subjects. These results suggest that MRI-detectable brain atrophy secondary to HIV infection is not the primary substrate underlying the progressive NP impairment in HIV disease.