cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practicing Reform-Based Science Curriculum in an Urban Classroom: A Hispanic Elementary School Teacher's Thinking and Decisions

This study explores the thinking and decisions of Vera (pseudonym), a Hispanic elementary teacher, while she enacted a reform-based science curriculum in an urban school in the southern United States. Vera's thinking, decisions, experiences, and practices were documented over a 2-year period. Using the data collected from semistructured interviews, participant observations and classroom documents, a rich and complex case study of Vera is developed in this paper. This case study describes how Vera makes curricular choices from reform-based science curricula such as the LiFE curriculum; how she enacts those choices to empower poor urban minority students; how Vera believes that preparing students for the high-stakes test is empowering because it ensures continued schooling for students; how, for Vera, teaching connected science using students' lived experiences is a risky act; and how she uses negotiation in her science teaching.
Numerical Modeling for CesrTA Measurements of Electron Cloud Buildup in a Quadrupole Magnet

We describe a numerical model for measurements of the formation of long-lived electron clouds in a quadrupole magnet in the CESR storage ring. The shielded stripline detector measures the electron flux incident on the vacuum chamber wall directly in front of one of the poles of the magnet. The model includes photoelectron production by synchrotron radiation, electrostatic forces from the bunched positron beam and the cloud, macroparticle tracking in the field of the quadrupole, secondary electron emission from the 9.5cm-diameter cylindrical stainless steel beam-pipe and an analytic calculation of the transmission function of the holes in the vacuum chamber which allow cloud electrons to reach the stripline collector. These modeling studies provide a quantitative understanding of the trapping mechanism which results in cloud electrons surviving the 2.3 μs time interval prior to the return of a train of positron bunches. These studies have been performed in the context of the CESR Test Accelerator program, which aims to quantify and mitigate performance limitations on future low-emittance storage and damping rings.
A Prospective Analysis of Transthyretin Levels at Admission and Changes Over Time in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study including trauma patients admitted to the ICU of a large US level I trauma center between May 2014 and January 2015. Transthyretin levels obtained within 24 hours of ICU admission and all subsequent values obtained during the hospital course were analyzed. Patients were observed for 28 days or until hospital discharge. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and treatment-related variables were tracked prospectively. Levels of TTR over time were analyzed using linear regression and mixed model analysis.
Distributed coordination protocols for aggregation and navigation in multi-agent systems under local directed interactions

This paper proposes a velocity coordination protocol for the control of multiple unicycle agents, which aims to address two distinct scenarios in a unified manner. The former case is aggregation around a goal location, while the latter case is navigation to multiple goal locations. The same linear velocity protocol is used in both cases, but slightly different angular velocity protocols are designed to achieve either aggregation or navigation, respectively. The proposed angular velocity protocols regulate the angular velocities of the agents to reference directions imposed by vector fields which are different for aggregation and navigation. The proposed linear velocity protocol imposes directed interactions among agents in the following sense: an implicit prioritization among locally connected agents is ad-hoc decided, which results in a suitable adjustment of the linear velocities of the connected agents so that each one slows down with respect to (w.r.t.) the neighbor agent who maximizes the rate of decrease of the inter-agent distance. Simulation results with multiple unicycle agents achieving either aggregation or navigation along collision-free trajectories are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Perceived social support moderates the relationships between variables in the social cognition model

Posting behaviour on social networking sites SNS has become a method enabling unsatisfied users to vent emotions. Based on social cognition theory SCT, personal outcome expectations and self-efficacy affect posting behaviour for venting emotions on SNS. However, perceived social support PSS may alter the relationships within the SCT model. Thus, this study aimed to explore the moderating effect of PSS on the relationships between variables in the SCT model for venting emotions on SNS. In total, 310 unsatisfied customers in Taiwan were investigated, and structural equation modelling was performed to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that personal outcome expectations and self-efficacy were positively associated with posting behaviour which, in turn, increased venting emotions on SNS. Moreover, PSS moderated the relationships between variables in the SCT model.
High Rates of Inadequate Urine Volume Cause Failure of Clinic Based Uroflowmetry in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Clinic based uroflowmetry is commonly used in the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract symptoms. AUA (American Urological Association) guidelines recommend 2 separate uroflowmetry tests with a voided volume greater than 150 ml for accurate interpretation. We characterized the interpretability of a series of uroflowmetry tests done at our institution and hypothesized that a significant number were noninterpretable because of inadequate urine volume. Methods Uroflowmetry results were collected from male patients at the UH (University of Utah Hospital) and VAMC (George Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center) urology clinics between August 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014. Average time to perform uroflowmetry was determined. Tests with a volume of 150 ml or less were classified as noninterpretable. Data were characterized using descriptive statistics. Results During the study period 169 tests were collected, including 104 at UH and 65 at VAMC, of which 107 (63%) were noninterpretable. An estimated total of 1,452 tests were performed at UH and VAMC within a 12-month period. Average time to perform uroflowmetry by health care workers was 2 minutes 18 seconds. The estimated time loss per year for medical personnel due to noninterpretable uroflow studies was 35 hours. Conclusions More than 50% of clinic based uroflowmetry tests at our institution had a voided volume of 150 ml or less and were deemed noninterpretable per AUA guidelines. Current clinic based uroflowmetry testing strategies are inefficient and wasteful. Reliable, accurate alternatives to clinic based uroflowmetry for the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract symptoms should be explored.
Outlook and Thinking of Flexible and Interactive Utilization of Intelligent Power

Being an important segment of smart grid,intelligent power utilization addresses the flexible bilateral interaction between power grid and users,which leads to great changes in the power consumption mode.In order to provide references for the developing intelligent power utilization,several key research issues,such as the related theory and technology and operation mechanisms,are summarized.The current status and trends of intelligent power utilization and the important problems that need to be further studied are discussed in this paper.Based on the theories of demand response(DR),the response mechanism of DR resources is studied to obtain optimal allocation.Then,the bi-directional interactive technology implementations are analyzed to promote engineering application of theoretical models.Furthermore,the commercial operation modes of intelligent power utilization,the impacts of electricity market environment,relevant policies,and technology standardization are all summed up.Extended applications of intelligent power utilization on the power system's green operation and the blend with new technology are briefly treated.
An Empirical Study on Economic Disparity and Convergence across China's Counties

Taking county-level economy as research object,the authors make an empirical study on the economic disparity and convergence across China′s counties by using Theil index,variation coefficient and panel data regression methods.Research shows that China′s county-level economic disparity has been decreased since 2004,and county-level economy of eastern,middle and western China has different convergent characteristics.Meanwhile,China′s county-level economy has stronger convergence than provincial-level economy.This proves that China′s provincial economic differences are not mainly caused by county-level economic differences,but lies in economic disparity among cities.
Epidemiological analysis of laboratory test results of Influenza A(H1N1) et Ankang City in 2009

Objective To analysis the test results to confirm the next influenza A(H1N1)prevention and control in Ankang City.Methods Throat swab or nasal swab were collected specimens with Real-time PCR method for detection of influenza A(H1N1) virus nucleic detection.Results A total of 399 cases of suspected influenza H1N1 cases to accept screening from 27~(th) August to the end of 2009,Influenza A(H1N1) was diagnosed 53 cases(13.3%),been identified as seasonal influenza(H1,H3 type) in 12 cases(3.0%),other type 77 cases(19.3%).Conclusion The students were the confirmed cases by pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and the outbreak usually occurred in schools.Strengthening influenza surveillance and use of surveillance data are suggested and it is necessary to adjust measures of prevention and control according to the status quo of epidemic of pandemic influenza A(H1N1).
Reduced D-Kaup–Newell soliton hierarchies from sl(2,ℝ) and so(3,ℝ)

Two reduced D-Kaup–Newell spectral problems from sl(2,ℝ) and so(3,ℝ) are considered, and the corresponding soliton hierarchies are generated by using the zero curvature formulation. The resulting systems are shown to be bi-Hamiltonian and their hereditary recursion operators are explicitly computed.
Time-Resolved Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

The dynamics of excitons in conjugated polymer materials play a central role in the mechanism of operation of the many important photonic devices based on these materials, including organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic solar cells, and sensors. The investigation of dynamics of excitons by ensemble time-resolved spectroscopic techniques is limited by the extreme heterogeneity of conjugated polymers. Single molecule spectroscopy is a unique tool for direct measurement of the inhomogeneous spectral distributions of conjugated polymers and for unraveling complex photodynamics involving triplet states, photo-oxidation, and various charge transfer processes that would be extremely difficult to measure by ensemble methods. The new time-resolved technique contributes to an understanding of the ultrafast singlet dynamics in conjugated polymers, including singlet–singlet annihilation and energy and charge transfer processes.
Ectopic Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) Expression Mediated by Isotype Switch Recombination.

Abstract FGFR3 is disregulated in approximately 15% of cases of multiple myeloma (MM) occurring by chromosomal translocation in the Igh switch region which results in the juxtaposition of FGFR3 next to the regulatory elements of the IgH locus, causing its ectopic expression in plasma cells. The acquisition of FGFR3 activating mutations in some tumors indicate a role for FGFR3 in tumor progression. In order to study its role in MM progression we developed a strain of transgenic mice in which the expression of the activated form of FGFR3 is mediated by isotype switch recombination by replacing the IgH gamma1 costant region with an FGFR3-IRES-EGFP cassette in a BAC that covers the entire murine IgH locus. We predict that in the transgenic mice B cells that undergo switch recombination to g1 on the productive allele will also undergo switch recombination to g1 at the transgenic locus and express FGFR3 and EGFP. To evaluate FGFR3 expression in vitro, we collected splenocytes from our transgenic mice and induced their proliferation and differentiation to plasma cells (mainly IgG1) using LPS and IL4. After four days of stimulation, the average number of EGFP positive cells went from 0.2% to 80%. We then analyzed FGFR3 expression by RT PCR, Northern and Western blot and detected LPS/IL4 inducible FGFR3 expression in plasma cells mediated mainly by the Igamma1 promoter and in a subset of them by the Vh promoter. We then tested if forced FGFR3 expression in B cells would affect their proliferation rate and ability to differentiate in vitro by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis and PI staining on LPS/IL4 stimulated splenocytes at different time points. With this system, we did not observe any FGFR3 mediated alteration of splenocytes growth parameters when compared to wild type controls. Similarly, in vivo no monoclonal gammopathy has been observed by serum protein electrophoresis and all the transgenic mice remaine tumor free at 1.5 years. Although we have not been able to demonstrate a tumorigenic role for FGFR3 in switched plasmacells we were able to obtaine regulated FGFR3 expression in them. It is possible that FGFR3 expression alone is not sufficient to induce plasma cells transformation and that FGFR3 has a dispensable role in tumor initiation, but that it could still play a role in tumor progression. Consistently, FGFR3 expression is lost in about 25% of multiple myeloma wih a t(4;14). To address this hypotesis we are currently crossing these mice with MMSET (the other gene disregulated in the t(4;14)) transgenic mice to investigate a possible collaborative role between these two genes in the development of MM.
The Falsification of State Action

Anthony de Jasay’s concept of the presumption of liberty is deployed as a criterion for evaluating the appropriateness of state actions. In Karl Popper’s terminology, assertions of justified state action are shown in all cases to be falsifiable; no cases of state action are altogether verifiable. States must therefore proceed cautiously. Technological developments in particular may always falsify the justification now used for state action. Specific examples of public goods are examined in this context, including lighthouses, the provision of money, and contract assurance and trust. Cryptocurrencies and dominant assurance contracts are cited as examples of technologies that stand to falsify large swathes of political theory.
Correlation between maternal and childhood VitB12, folic acid and ferritin levels.

OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between serum folic acid, vitamin B12 and ferritin of mother and child and to study various neonatal risk factors as a cause of anemia in children. METHODS One hundred eighty children two months to two years of age admitted in the department of Pediatric Medicine of The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahore from January 2013 to January 2015 with common medical conditions having anemia were included. Complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin level, folic acid and Vitamin (Vit) B12 level were sent of children and their mothers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Out of 180 children with anemia, 66.7% were males. Mean age of children was 7.3months. Fifty-five percent children were malnourished according to z scoring. The mean Hemoglobin (Hb) of children was 8 g/dl. Only 4% children had low ferritin level while 60% had low folic acid and 45% had decreased VitB12. There was significant correlation between Hb of mother and child (p =0.02), Vit B12 deficiency (p=0.008) and iron deficiency (p<0.001). Premature children had lower folic acid levels (p =0.02), while prematurity, IUGR, previous admission and history of sepsis showed no association with anemia in our study. Both breast-feeding and top feeding showed significant association with anemia with p-value of 0.042 and 0.003 respectively while dilution showed no impact on anemia. CONCLUSION Maternal anemia has a significant impact on child's hemoglobin. As compared to previous concept of increased iron deficiency in children we found increased occurrence of folic acid and VitB12 deficiency in children and their mothers.
NRF2 induction supporting breast cancer cell survival is enabled by oxidative stress-induced DPP3-KEAP1 interaction

NRF2 is a transcription factor serving as a master regulator of the expression of many genes involved in cellular responses to oxidative and other stresses. In the absence of stress, NRF2 is constantly synthesized but maintained at low levels as it is targeted by KEAP1 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. NRF2 binds KEAP1 mainly through a conserved "ETGE" motif that has also been found in several other proteins, such as DPP3, which has been shown to bind KEAP1 and enhance NRF2 function upon overexpression. Here we demonstrate the interaction between endogenous DPP3 and endogenous KEAP1. We further show that the DPP3-KEAP1 interaction is strongly induced by hydrogen peroxide and that DPP3 is required for timely NRF2 induction and nuclear accumulation in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, we present evidence that the binding of DPP3 to KEAP1 stabilizes the latter. Finally, we show that DPP3 is overexpressed in breast cancer and that elevated levels of DPP3 mRNA correlate with increased NRF2 downstream gene expression and poor prognosis, particularly for ER-positive breast cancer. Our studies reveal novel insights into the regulation of NRF2 and identify DPP3 and an NRF2 transcriptional signature as potential biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis and treatment.
Reirradiation Using Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy: A Potentially Durable Technique for Salvaging Recurrent Pelvic Malignancies.

Purpose To present a time-to-failure (TTF) analysis for all patients treated with permanent interstitial brachytherapy (PIB) at our institution, with additional analyses to correlate successful reirradiation and to identify the frequency of severe grade 3 to 4 toxicity. Methods and Materials Forty-two previously irradiated patients received curative or palliative intent PIB for a recurrent pelvic malignancy between January 2009 and August 2016. Minimum follow-up was 6 months after the PIB procedure. All patients had a biopsy-proven recurrence and were treated using PIB alone (n=32) or in combination with a short course of additional radiation therapy (n=10). Competing risk analyses were performed to assess the risk of failures in the presence of death without failure. Exploratory analyses were performed for factors related to failure using competing risk analyses and the Gray statistic. Results A total of 61 PIB implants were performed among 42 patients with a median follow-up of 16.3 months. Fifty-two implants were performed as the first salvage reirradiation to a solitary recurrence (8 patients had more than 1 lesion); the success rate for initial reirradiation using PIB was 73% (38 cases out of 52), and the median TTF was not reached. Nine patients underwent a second repeat PIB to the same recurrence as a form of salvage; 3 (33%) remain without evidence of recurrence. The median TTF after second salvage was 7.7 months. Even with the limited sample size, prolonged TTF was marginally associated with definitive intent (P=.07) and the extent of disease at the time of PIB (P=.08). Grade 3+ toxicities were seen in 8 patients (16.7%). Conclusions Permanent interstitial brachytherapy is a feasible and potentially durable treatment modality that can be used to curatively salvage selected recurrent pelvic malignancies in a previously irradiated field.
Characterization of Compton-scatter imaging with an analytical simulation method

By collimating the photons scattered when a megavoltage therapy beam interacts with the patient, a Compton-scatter image may be formed without the delivery of an extra dose. To characterize and assess the potential of the technique, an analytical model for simulating scatter images was developed and validated against Monte Carlo (MC). For three phantoms, the scatter images collected during irradiation with a 6 MV flattening-filter-free therapy beam were simulated. Images, profiles, and spectra were compared for different phantoms and different irradiation angles. The proposed analytical method simulates accurate scatter images up to 1000 times faster than MC. Minor differences between MC and analytical simulated images are attributed to limitations in the isotropic superposition/convolution algorithm used to analytically model multiple-order scattering. For a detector placed at 90° relative to the treatment beam, the simulated scattered photon energy spectrum peaks at 140–220 keV, and 40–50% of the photons are the result of multiple scattering. The high energy photons originate at the beam entrance. Increasing the angle between source and detector increases the average energy of the collected photons and decreases the relative contribution of multiple scattered photons. Multiple scattered photons cause blurring in the image. For an ideal 5 mm diameter pinhole collimator placed 18.5 cm from the isocenter, 10 cGy of deposited dose (2 Hz imaging rate for 1200 MU min−1 treatment delivery) is expected to generate an average 1000 photons per mm2 at the detector. For the considered lung tumor CT phantom, the contrast is high enough to clearly identify the lung tumor in the scatter image. Increasing the treatment beam size perpendicular to the detector plane decreases the contrast, although the scatter subject contrast is expected to be greater than the megavoltage transmission image contrast. With the analytical method, real-time tumor tracking may be possible through comparison of simulated and acquired patient images.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement after Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement

ABSTRACTBackground: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) in deteriorated prostheses, rings or mitral annular calcification are being performed more frequently. Inadvertently, we are starting to see patients who develop severe aortic stenosis following TMVR. Simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)/TMVR has been previously reported, but almost all are performed in the order of TAVR first then followed by TMVR.Methods: We included three patients who underwent TAVR following TMVR. The patients subsequently presented with symptomatic aortic stenosis or insufficiency. All procedures were performed from September 2015 to July 2017.Results: All cases underwent successful TAVR after TMVR. There were several technical points. First, a balloon expandable valve was used for the initial case, but because of the interaction between the balloon and TMVR valve, we elected to use self-expandable valves for the subsequent cases. Secondly, it is critical to confirm that the wire is not traversing...
An Ad Hominem Examination of Hypothesis Testing as a Paradigm for the Evaluation of Argument

This essay argues that the hypothesis testing paradigm is internally inconsistent. Consideration of the nature of the paradigm leads to conclusions that (1) defenders of hypothesis testing cannot m...
Collaborative inquiry as an authentic form of professional development for preschool practitioners

AbstractThe purpose of this case study was to propose collaborative inquiry (CI) as counterdiscourse in professional development literature by acknowledging the multiple forms of personal and professional knowledge of five preschool practitioners. Data were collected from transcripts of CI group meetings, semi-structured participant interviews, researcher field notes, and observations during classroom visits and meetings with participants. In the findings practitioner goals and research questions, conversation and small talk, informal and shared readings, student documentation and artifacts, and collaboration were identified as important tools and processes as group members engaged in CI alongside participation in a voluntary quality improvement rating system at their preschool.
Measuring Soil Erosion Rates Using Natural ( 7 Be, 210 Pb) and Anthropogenic ( 137 Cs, 239,240 Pu) Radionuclides

This chapter examines the application of natural (7Be and 210Pb) and anthropogenic fallout radionuclides (134Cs, 137Cs, 239,240Pu) to determine soil erosion rates. Particular attention is given to 137Cs because it has been most widely used in geomorphic studies of wind and water erosion. The chapter is organized to cover the formation and sources of these radionuclides; how they are distributed in precipitation and around the globe: their fate and transport in undisturbed and tilled soils; and their time scales of utility. Also discussed are methods for soil collection, sample preparation for 137Cs analysis by gamma spectroscopy, and the selection of standards and instrument calibration. Details are presented on methods for calculating soil erosion, including empirical methods that are related to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), box models that compare 137Cs activities in a study site to a reference site, and time dependent methods that account for the temporal inputs of 137Cs and precipitation induced erosion. Several examples of recent applications, including the combination of radionuclides with other techniques or measurements, are presented. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future work: the value of new methods and instrumentation to allow for greater spatial resolution of rates and/or greater accuracy; the need to incorporate migration of radionuclides in the time-dependent models; the opportunities to concurrently use the global and Chernobyl signals to better understand temporal variation soil erosion processes and rates; and the importance of the use of these tracers to characterize C storage and cycling.
The Kyoto Protocol: Property Rights and Efficiency of Markets

The origin of today’s global environmental problems is the historic difference in property rights regimes between industrial and developing countries, the North and the South. In industrial countries resources such as forests and oil deposits are often under well defined and enforceable property rights, mostly private property regimes. In developing countries they are generally under ill-defined and weakly enforced property rights, mostly community or state property regimes but de-facto open-access regimes. Ill-defined and weakly enforced property rights lead to the over-extraction of natural resources in the South. They are exported at low prices to the North that over-consumes them. The international market amplifies the tragedy of the commons, leading to inferior solutions for the world economy. In developing countries, the conversion of natural resources regimes from community or state property regimes or common access to private property regimes faces formidable opposition due to international economic interests, or to heavy dependence of local and poor people on these resources. The weakness of property rights in inputs to production, such as timber and oil, could be compensated by assigning well defined and enforceable property rights to products or outputs. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol provides an example as it limits countries’ rights to emit carbon, a by - product of burning fossil fuels, but the atmosphere’s carbon concentration is a public good, which makes trading tricky. Similarly, trading rights to forests’ carbon sequestration services involve public goods. Markets that trade public goods require a measure of equity to ensure efficiency, a requirement different than the markets for private goods
ILAng: A Modeling and Verification Platform for SoCs Using Instruction-Level Abstractions

We present ILAng, a platform for modeling and verification of systems-on-chip (SoCs) using Instruction-Level Abstractions (ILA). The ILA formal model targeting the hardware-software interface enables a clean separation of concerns between software and hardware through a unified model for heterogeneous processors and accelerators. Top-down it provides a specification for functional verification of hardware, and bottom-up it provides an abstraction for software/hardware co-verification. ILAng provides a programming interface for (i) constructing ILA models (ii) synthesizing ILA models from templates using program synthesis techniques (iii) verifying properties on ILA models (iv) behavioral equivalence checking between different ILA models, and between an ILA specification and an implementation. It also provides for translating models and properties into various languages (e.g., Verilog and SMT LIB2) for different verification settings and use of third-party verification tools. This paper demonstrates selected capabilities of the platform through case studies. Data or code related to this paper is available at: [9].
Implications of soil mixing for NAPL source zone remediation: Column studies and modeling of field-scale systems.

Abstract Soil remediation is often inhibited by subsurface heterogeneity, which constrains contaminant/reagent contact. Use of soil mixing techniques for reagent delivery provides a means to overcome contaminant/reagent contact limitations. Furthermore, soil mixing reduces the permeability of treated soils, thus extending the time for reactions to proceed. This paper describes research conducted to evaluate implications of soil mixing on remediation of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source zones. The research consisted of column studies and subsequent modeling of field-scale systems. For column studies, clean influent water was flushed through columns containing homogenized soils, granular zero valent iron (ZVI), and trichloroethene (TCE) NAPL. Within the columns, NAPL depletion occurred due to dissolution, followed by either column-effluent discharge or ZVI-mediated degradation. Complete removal of TCE NAPL from the columns occurred in 6–8 pore volumes of flow. However, most of the TCE (> 96%) was discharged in the column effluent; less than 4% of TCE was degraded. The low fraction of TCE degraded is attributed to the short hydraulic residence time ( 10 m) and reducing permeability by one-or-more orders of magnitude, the residence time could be greatly extended, potentially for periods of years to decades. Model output indicates that the fraction of TCE degraded can be increased to > 99.9%, given typical post-mixing soil permeability values. These results suggest that remediation performance can be greatly enhanced by combining contaminant degradation with an extended residence time.
Tourism as a Process of Promoting and Developing Traditional Settlements

The impact of tourism development is varied and contradictory. But nobody can deny that tourism contributes to economic development and culture. Arid and remoted areas at risk of abandonment and desolation are developing and continuing their course in time. However, this is not always the right way of this development. The unregulated and unlimited building, the wasting of natural resources, the lack of aims and planning, usually lead to undesired results. New trends and prospects for tourism product development want tourism to turn from mass to quality or alternative tourism. Part of the alternative tourism is the cultural tourism, which is the search for a different holiday mode, focusing on cultural destinations and authentic experiences. Staying in an active traditional settlement can be part of such an experience. Participation in daily habits and lifestyle of residents, in local events, customs and traditions of the region as a whole living experience, can be the basis of alternative tourism but also can become a development and promotion tool of this place. In this process, the interior space has active participation. The study, the depiction and interpretation of it, as well as the usable objects and the furniture that make it up; constitute an important parameter in this experience. This presentation is completed with the analysis and evaluation of the example of the reuse abandoned buildings, in the “Kostos” settlement of Paros, in the context of a diploma thesis.
Skin Cancer for Primary Care

Skin cancers are the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. The majority of these are non-melanoma skin cancers, but melanoma rates in the United States have increased steadily over the last 60 years. It is important to be able to differentiate skin cancer from other conditions that may have a similar appearance. Early detection and intervention can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with skin cancers.
Visual–vestibular interactions

Abstract The human brain uses information from various sensory systems to gauge orientation of the body with respect to the external environment. Our perception of space is based on the image of the external world as registered by various senses and continuously updated and stabilized through sensory feedback from motor activities. In this process, multisensory integration can resolve ambiguities associated with the inherent “noise” from discrete sensory modalities. Accordingly, convergence of visual and vestibular inputs plays a significant role in our perceptions of spatial orientation and motion, which are essential for motor planning and interaction with the external environment. Once movements are generated, the visual–vestibular integration is imperative for optimizing vision and stabilizing the line of sight during movements of the head (i.e., gaze stabilization). Such visual–vestibular interactions are vital for maintaining a coherent perception of spatial orientation during static or dynamic changes in positions of the head and body. In this chapter, we will discuss the basic principles of visual–vestibular interaction within the frameworks of heading (e.g., walking or running) and head tilt with relation to gravity (e.g., a lateral tilt of the head on body). We first describe the fundamental aspects of multisensory integration in these processes along with the underlying physiological and anatomical correlates. We then discuss experimental hypotheses and research findings related to visual–vestibular interaction and outline their clinical applications in human diseases.
Abstract 796: Dysfunctional Immune Cell Clock Contributes to Heart Failure Progression

Objective: Inappropriately sustained activation of monocytes/macrophages contributes to heart failure (HF) progression. Time-of-day greatly influences cardiovascular and immune systems, in part thr...
Safe Spaces or Brave Spaces? Re-Envisioning Practical Theology and Transformative Learning Theory

AbstractThe Loyola Institute for Ministry (LIM) developed a method of practical theology for ministry professionals and religious educators rooted in transformative learning theory to enable studen...
Evolving a new neuropsychiatry

Clinical neuroscience struggles with poor scientific validity of neuropsychiatric diagnosis and its negative impact on management. Sydenham's ancient conformity of type approach to nosology with its assumption that the symptom cluster and course of a disorder are due to a common etiology, has proven no match for the complicated comorbidities faced in neuropsychiatry. In the absence of accurate pathological biomarkers there is a challenge in finding a solid foundation for modern neuropsychiatry. We find standard psychiatric nosology to be of limited benefit at the general hospital bedside in evaluating and treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Consequently, we have developed over the years a neuro-circuitry-based training for our psychosomatic medicine fellows. In this commentary, we will introduce a strategy for understanding patients with neuropsychiatric disorders that may advance our ability to diagnose and treat them in accordance with neuroscientific evidence anchored in evolutionary neurocircuitry and attachment neurobehavior.
Using Community Science to Reveal the Global Chemogeography of River Metabolomes

River corridor metabolomes reflect organic matter (OM) processing that drives aquatic biogeochemical cycles. Recent work highlights the power of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for understanding metabolome composition and river corridor metabolism. However, there have been no studies on the global chemogeography of surface water and sediment metabolomes using ultrahigh-resolution techniques. Here, we describe a community science effort from the Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS) consortium to characterize global metabolomes in surface water and sediment that span multiple stream orders and biomes. We describe the distribution of key aspects of metabolomes including elemental groups, chemical classes, indices, and inferred biochemical transformations. We show that metabolomes significantly differ across surface water and sediment and that surface water metabolomes are more rich and variable. We also use inferred biochemical transformations to identify core metabolic processes shared among surface water and sediment. Finally, we observe significant spatial variation in sediment metabolites between rivers in the eastern and western portions of the contiguous United States. Our work not only provides a basis for understanding global patterns in river corridor biogeochemical cycles but also demonstrates that community science endeavors can enable global research projects that are unfeasible with traditional research models.
Uterine Transplantation: Evolving Data, Success, and Clinical Importance.

Uterine transplantation is an evolving procedure to allow for childbearing in paitents with absolute uterine factor infertility. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature using a comprehensive PubMed literature search. A systematic medical subheadings search strategy was used with the terms "uterus transplant" and "uterine transplantation". Of the 75 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 68 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Of these, 9 were included in the meta-analysis on living donor uterine transplant, 5 on deceased donor uterine transplant, and 6 case reports of single uterine transplants. In conclusion, uterus transplant is a nascent field undergoing a rapid rate of evolution as programs mature their data and increase the number of procedures performed. The most recent publications and advances are thus summarized in this article to capture the most up-to-date information.
Faster Schrödinger-style simulation of quantum circuits

Recent demonstrations of superconducting quantum computers by Google and IBM and trapped-ion computers from IonQ fueled new research in quantum algorithms, compilation into quantum circuits, and empirical algorithmics. While online access to quantum hardware remains too limited to meet the demand, simulating quantum circuits on conventional computers satisfies many needs. We advance Schrodinger-style simulation of quantum circuits that is useful standalone and as a building block in layered simulation algorithms, both cases are illustrated in our results. Our algorithmic contributions show how to simulate multiple quantum gates at once, how to avoid floating-point multiplies, how to best use data-level and thread-level parallelism as well as CPU cache, and how to leverage these optimizations by reordering circuit gates. While not described previously, these techniques implemented by us supported published high-performance distributed simulations up to 64 qubits. To show additional impact, we benchmark our simulator against Microsoft, IBM and Google simulators on hard circuits from Google.
Gender Differences in Class Participation in Core CS Courses

In terms of students enrolled, post-secondary computer science classes are typically male dominated, which can create a baseline perception of male dominance in class participation. This paper presents our analysis of participation scores received by male and female students in two core computer science classes across ten quarters at the University of California, Davis. We use this data to explore the question: Is there a difference in male and female participation scores, and does this disproportionately impact male and female students' final grades? We find a small gender gap in overall participation scores, but no significant difference between the rate at which male and female students' grades benefit from participation points. However, we do see a difference in behavior when it comes to different formats of participation: males score higher on average in more public formats, such as lecture and forum, while females score higher in more anonymous formats, such as survey completion. Therefore, instructors should diversify their definitions of participation to accommodate for gender correlated preferences in participation formats. Furthermore, we find that the top scorers in the most public forms of participation are disproportionately male. This explains the perception of a larger gender gap in participation than actually exists, which can enforce the stereotype that males have a greater aptitude for CS than females. Finally, although our data show differences in participation behaviors between genders, future research should be conducted to investigate what is driving these differences.
Deconstructing improvements and hospital variation in COVID-19 mortality rates during the early pandemic wave: the effects of wave evolution and advances in testing, treatment, and hospital care quality.

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to millions of deaths around the world and placed unprecedented strains on healthcare systems. Several studies early in the pandemic demonstrated substantial variation in COVID-19-associated mortality rates among hospitalised patients across and within countries, suggesting that hospital factors such as bed capacity, adequacy of staffing, supplies of ventilators and other critical equipment, and/or quality of care had a major impact on patient outcomes.1–3 These analyses have been difficult to interpret, however, because variation in outcomes may also reflect community-based factors beyond the control of hospitals such as differences in testing capacity, thresholds for hospital admission, and patient case mix. Nonetheless, rigorously examining trends in COVID-19 outcomes and the contribution of potentially modifiable hospital factors to mortality is critical given the spectre of additional variant-fueled surges as well as future novel threats. An article in this issue of BMJ Quality & Safety by Bottle and colleagues4 sheds welcome new light on this topic. The authors sought to quantify variation in COVID-19 mortality rates between hospitals and over time in England in the first pandemic wave (March–July 2020) using detailed patient and hospital-level administrative data to explain those variations in the early (March–April 2020) and late study period (May–July 2020). In all, their analysis included 74 781 patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 to 124 acute hospitals. Their first major finding was that there was a massive decline in crude in-hospital mortality rates from 33% in March 2020 to 13% in July 2020. Improvements in survival were seen in all age groups, with younger patients seeing the largest relative decline in mortality, as well as in hospitals with relatively low and high COVID-19 mortality rates. Numerous patient-level predictors of mortality were identified, many of which are consistent with prior evidence, including age, male sex, …
Advanced fueling system for steady-state operation of a fusion reactor

Steady-state Advanced Tokamak scenarios rely on optimized density and pressure profiles to maximize the bootstrap current fraction. Under this mode of operation, the fuelling system must deposit small amounts of fuel where it is needed, and as often as needed, so as to compensate for fuel losses, but not to adversely alter the established density and pressure profiles. A precision fuelling system has the capability for controlling the fusion burn by maintaining the required pressure profile to maximize the bootstrap current fraction. An advanced fuelling system based on Compact Toroid (CT) injection has the potential to meet these needs while simultaneously simplifying the requirements of the tritium handling systems. Simpler engineering systems would reduce reactor construction and maintenance cost through increased reliability. A CT fueling system is described together with the associated tritium handling requirements. (authors)
New devices and truly informed consent.

What information must patients receive to give truly informed consent for device implantation? Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE GROUNDED BARGE CARRYING INDEPENDENT CARGO TANKS

The problem has been treated of determining deflections and bending moments of the barge hull and independent cargo tanks combination as these occur in Class I and Class II barges during grounding. The method of solution is that of the initial parameters, which is here developed by means of operational calculus. The solution is closed and exact within the limitations of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.
Precision delivery of small volumes of liquids to very young avian embryos: II. Description of the injection system

Abstract An instrument is described and its use detailed for injecting small volumes of liquids into the yolk of very young chicken eggs so that they have a high probability of contacting the embryo within a short period of time. The egg is positioned on its side with the candled embryo oriented precisely uppermost. A tiny hole is drilled through the shell, but not the shell membranes, on the bottommost surface of the egg. Then a 2-in. (51-mm), 23-gauge hypodermic needle is inserted vertically through the hole to a point where its tip lies 5 to 8 mm below the embryo (8 to 10 mm from the cross hairs in the Lucite tube support). The desired volume of fluid (25 to 100 μl) is then delivered by a remote precision microsyringe joined to the needle by fine bore flexible tubing. The needle is then withdrawn and the shell hole sealed with melted paraffin. After the injection, the egg is returned to the incubator with the candled embryo uppermost.
Patent Foramen Ovale as a Risk Factor for Cryptogenic Stroke

Abstract ▪Objective:To determine and compare the prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with stroke of undetermined origin (cryptogenic) and in patients with stroke of determined origin to ...
Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind

The Third Edition of this popular and engaging text consolidates the interdisciplinary streams of cognitive science to present a unified narrative of cognitive science as a discipline in its own right. It teaches students to apply the techniques and theories of the cognitive scientist's 'toolkit' - the vast range of methods and tools that cognitive scientists use to study the mind. Thematically organized, Cognitive Science underscores the problems and solutions of cognitive science rather than more narrowly examining individually the subjects that contribute to it - psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, and so on. The generous use of examples, illustrations, and applications demonstrates how theory is applied to unlock the mysteries of the human mind. Drawing upon cutting-edge research, the text has been substantially revised, with new material on Bayesian approaches to the mind and on deep learning. An extensive on-line set of resources is available to aid instructors and students alike. Sample syllabi show how the text can support a variety of courses, making it a highly flexible teaching and learning resource at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Instructor and student resources available at https://www.bermudezcogsci.com/