cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interconnect complexity-aware FPGA placement using Rent's rule

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have gained in commercial acceptance because they offer instant manufacturing turnaround and low costs. However, FPGAs are constantly hard pressed to keep up with the requirements of the more complex and larger scale circuits which are being targeted for them. Routability of a circuit depends on the FPGA architecture, the placement, and the interconnection complexity of the circuit to be placed and routed. This paper explores the use of Rent's rule as a complexity metric for improving the placement of circuits on a target FPGA architecture, such that routing resource utilization is improved. A new simulated annealing based placement algorithm is presented and experimental results are presented to illustrate the validity of the approach for certain example circuits and the ISCAS benchmarks.
Parental decision-making for the varicella vaccine.

Abstract Introduction: With the advent of new vaccines, improvements in established vaccines, and the availability of new combination vaccines, parents' decisions about vaccinating their children have become more complicated. This study examined parents' decision-making processes pertaining to whether to have their children vaccinated for varicella to gain a better understanding about how parents make vaccination decisions for their children. The “Awareness-to-Action Model” was used to examine parents' decision-making process before the action to vaccinate or refuse vaccination occurs. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design and logistic regression to test the explanatory power of several factors related to the parental decision-making process. A stratified random sample of 262 members of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii participated in the study. Data were collected through telephone interviews. Results: In the “Awareness-to-Action Model,” the decision construct was statistically significant in explaining parents' decisions to have their child vaccinated. The overall model correctly classified 80% of the sample as accepters or nonaccepters of the vaccination for their child. This study provides a model that enables health care providers to understand parental decisions about vaccines. This knowledge can help target interventions to increase vaccine compliance, thus minimizing the risk of diseases preventable by vaccine. J Pediatr Health Care. (2001). 15, 236-243.
Catalysis of reactions involving oxides of carbon and nitrogen by the ferroelectric compound potassium niobate

Abstract The adsorption of nitric oxide (NO) and the catalysis of several chemical reactions involving oxides of carbon and nitrogen have been investigated over the ferroelectric compound potassium niobate (KNbO3). Auger electron spectroscopy measurements reveal selective adsorption of NO on ferroelectric domains of KNbO3 with a particular orientation of electric polarization. Linearly programmed thermal desorption measurements indicate that the NO molecules desorb from two different types of surface sites with activation energies of 7 ± 1 kcal/mole and 45 ± 6 kcal/mole. The rates of the reactions involving oxides of carbon and nitrogen, measured by means of a microcatalytic technique, did not exhibit any anomalies in the vicinity of the Curie temperature of KNbO3. This suggests that the order parameter characterizing the ferroelectric phase transition in KNbO3 is only weakly coupled to the reactant degrees of freedom for the reactions that were investigated.
On the latency for information dissemination in mobile wireless networks

In wireless networks, node mobility may be exploited to assist in information dissemination over time. We analyze the latency for information dissemination in large-scale mobile wireless networks. To study this problem, we map a network of mobile nodes to a network of stationary nodes with dynamic links. We then use results from percolation theory to show that under a constrained i.i.d. mobility model, the scaling behavior of the latency falls into two regimes. When the network is not percolated (subcritical), the latency scales linearly with the initial Euclidean distance between the sender and the receiver; when the network is percolated (supercritical), the latency scales sub-linearly with the distance.
Production anomalies (not strategic deficiencies) in mentally retarded individuals

Abstract The presuppositions of the question “Why are the mentally retarded strategically deficient?” were examined with a focus on definitions of the term “strategy” and “strategy deficiency.” It is shown how typical analyses of strategic behavior focus on the “problem of remembering” based on the experimenter's conceptualization of optimum task performance. A new definition of a strategy is then suggested in which strategies are seen as attempts to solve the “problem of remembering” as understood by the person. It is also noted that strategy deficiencies have frequently been attributed to cognitive limitations of the individual. However, because strategy use varies with situation-related variables such as memory load and understanding of instructions, poor performance is more aptly characterized as a “production anomaly” that varies with task variables and the person's conceptualization of the task. By more clearly defining the range of strategic capabilities of mentally retarded individuals, their limitations will be better understood.
A HAEMOPROTEIN WITH KINASE ACTIVITY ENCODED BY THE OXYGEN SENSOR OF RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI

The expression of the nitrogen-fixation genes of Rhizobium meliloti is controlled by oxygen. These genes are induced when the free oxygen concentration is reduced to microaerobic levels. Two regulator proteins, FixL and FixJ, initiate the oxygen-response cascade, and the genes that encode them have been cloned. The fixL product seems to be a transmembrane sensor that modulates the activity of the fixJ product, a cytoplasmic regulator. FixL and FixJ are homologous to a family of bacterial two-component regulators, for which the mode of signal transduction is phosphorylation. We report here the purification of both FixJ and a soluble truncated FixL (FixL*), overproduced from a single plasmid construct. FixL* catalyses its own phosphorylation and the transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to Fix J. The resulting FixJ-phosphate linkage is sensitive to base, as are the aspartyl phosphates of homologous systems. Visible spectra of purified FixL* show that it is an oxygen-binding haemoprotein. We propose that FixL senses oxygen through its haem moiety and transduces this signal by controlling the phosphorylation of FixJ.
An approach to compare genome tiling microarray and MPSS sequencing data for transcript mapping

We are correcting the abstract of our published article ([1]). The sentence that starts "We observe that 4.5% of MPSS tags...." was not scientifically complete in the original abstract, having only two of the four numbers required to describe a comparison of two technologies in two different organisms. The abstract below more accurately describes our findings, as documented in Figure 1 of the manuscript.
RETENTION OF SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN MODEL FREEZE‐ DRIED FOOD SYSTEMS

The retention of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT) and mono-tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) was investigated in model freeze-dried systems designed to simulate a high lipid food. Model systems initially containing 400 μg antioxidant/g soybean oil were slowly frozen (-22°C) or rapidly frozen (-196°C) as slabs and freeze-dried for 12.5 or 26.5 hr. respectively. Under these conditions TBHQ was retained to the greatest extent and BHA to a greater degree than BHT. On the average, slowly frozen samples retained 32, 27 and 16% TBHQ, BHA and BHT, respectively, which was about 1.2 times higher than rapidly frozen samples. It was found that the retention of BHA and BHT was greatly influenced by the final moisture content of the freeze-dried system in the range between 1-5% moisture. TBHQ retention, however, was found to be less dependent on the final moisture content of the freeze-dried system over the same moisture range. The effect of extending the normal freeze-drying time (12.5 hr) of slowly frozen samples on antioxidant retention was determined. When the normal drying time was doubled BHA and BHT were completely removed and TBHQ content was reduced by an additional 19%. Antioxidant retention was interpreted on the basis of current mechanisms to explain the retention behavior of volatile organic substances during freeze drying.
Intrinsic inhomogeneities and the coexistence of spirals with different periods of rotation

We propose a mechanism by which wave fronts emanating from a spiral may break far from the spiral core due to intrinsic spatial inhomogeneities. A series of computer simulations are presented to demonstrate how coupling domains, which on their own would not cause breakup, may cause a single spiral to break into many spirals.
Isobaric-analog-state transitions in the (p,n) reaction at 135 MeV and density-dependent impulse-approximation calculations

We compare density-dependent distorted-wave impulse-approximation (DD-DWIA) calculations with experimental (p,n) cross-section angular distributions at 135 MeV for ten nuclei from A=14 to 208. The DD-DWIA calculations use a G-matrix interaction based on the Bonn one-boson-exchange potential and empirical optical-model parameters. The agreement between the calculations and the experimental results is excellent with normalization factors required that are within 10% of unity; these factors are within the experimental scale uncertainties.
The moderating effect of work-related values on the job scope-job satisfaction relationship☆☆☆

Abstract Questionnaire data on job characteristics, work-related values, job satisfaction, and several demographic variables were obtained from 594 nonmanagerial workers. The relationship between satisfaction with the work itself (SWI) and job scope (JS) was examined for the study's total sample and for subsamples formed by grouping individuals on the basis of their scores on each of six work-related values measures and a Protestant ethic (PE) index involving these measures. It was hypothesized and found that the JS-SWI relationship was positive and significantly different from zero for the study's total sample and for each of the various subsamples formed by grouping on the PE index and its components. Contrary to one of the study's hypotheses, neither PE nor any of its components moderated the JS-SWI relationship. The results were discussed in terms of their implications for both theory and practice in the area of job design.
Relationship of the inhomogeneous broadenings in the triplet state optical and ODMR spectra of NaNO2/Ag+

Abstract The triplet state optical and ODMR spectra associated with a perturbed NO−2 anion in crystals of NaNO2 doped with AgNO2 are shown to be inhomogeneously broadened at T ≲ 4.2 K. The energies of the trap triplet state D ± E ODMR transitions depend linearly on the optical detector energy monitoring at ≲ 1 cm−1 optical resolution across a phosphorescence vibronic line whose width is ≲ 5 cm−1. The observed dimensionless slopes are ≈10−4. The corresponding ODMR linewidths are a minimum detecting at the center of the optical line and increase several-fold detecting in the wings of the optical line. A simplified model is presented, based on perturbations by random local electric fields, which accounts for the major observations. The coupling coefficients to the electric field (dipole moment changes) were independently determined from the optical and ODMR Stark shifts in an external electric field, and these appear consistent with the observed slopes for the variation of the ODMR energies with optical detector energy. The origin of the non-zero coupling coefficients for the ODMR transitions is discussed in terms of the spin—orbit interactions in the trap.
A strong correlation between induced peak dynamic Coulomb stress change from the 1992 M7.3 Landers, California, earthquake and the hypocenter of the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake

The 1992 M7.3 Landers earthquake may have played a role in triggering the 1999 M7.1 1 Hector Mine earthquake as suggested by their close spatial (∼20 km) proximity. Current investigations of triggering by static stress changes produce differing conclusions when small variations in parameter values are employed. Here I test the hypothesis that large-amplitude dynamic stress changes, induced by the Landers rupture, acted to promote the Hector Mine earthquake. I use a flat layer reflectivity method to model the Landers earthquake displacement seismograms. By requiring agreement between the model seismograms and data, I can constrain the Landers main shock parameters and velocity model. A similar reflectivity method is used to compute the evolution of stress changes. I find a strong positive correlation between the Hector Mine hypocenter and regions of large (>4 MPa) dynamic Coulomb stress changes (peak Δσ f (t)) induced by the Landers main shock. A positive correlation is also found with large dynamic normal and shear stress changes. Uncertainties in peak Δσ f (t) (1.3 MPa) are only 28% of the median value (4.6 MPa) determined from an extensive set (160) of model parameters. Therefore the correlation with dynamic stresses is robust to a range of Hector Mine main shock parameters, as well as to variations in the friction and Skempton's coefficients used in the calculations. These results imply dynamic stress changes may be an important part of earthquake trigging, such that large-amplitude stress changes alter the properties of an existing fault in a way that promotes fault failure.
An investigation of local thermodynamic equilibrium in an argon plasma jet at atmospheric pressure

Abstract This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the conditions for local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) to exist in an atmospheric argon plasma jet. We have measured the emission coefficient of seven Ar I transition and the line shape of the hydrogen H β transition. After transforming the side-on data into radial space, the population densities of the excited neutral argon atoms and the electron density are determined as functions of the radius of the plasma jet. It is found that LTE does not exist below an electron density of 6 x 10 22 m -3 . The two-temperature Saha equation is shown to give non-physical results for gas temperatures in our electron-density range of 2–6 x 10 22 m -3 . We have also shown that diffusion effects are important under our experimental conditions.
Regionalization and segmentation of the leech

Regionalization and segmentation of the leech body plan have been examined by numerous approaches over the years. A wealth of knowledge has accumulated regarding the normally invariant cell lineages of the leech and the degree of developmental plasticity that is possible in each cell line in early development and in neurogenesis. Homologues of genes that control regionalization and segmentation in Drosophila have been cloned from the leech and the expression patterns reveal conserved features with those in Drosophila and other organisms. Possible developmental functions of the en-class proteins in spatial and temporal modes of segment formation are discussed in light of leech and Drosophila development. Annelida and Arthropoda cell lineages of engrailed-class gene expression are compared in leech blast cell clones and crustacean parasegments. In addition, future directions for molecular analysis of segmentation of the leech are summarized. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
POWER-LAW ACCELERATED BIRNBAUM–SAUNDERS LIFE MODELS

An accelerated life testing procedure can reduce the lifetime of a material by observing the material's behavior under higher levels of stress than what is normally encountered. Useful inference hinges on the selection of an appropriate lifetime distribution and the substitution of an acceleration model for a distribution parameter, such as the mean or scale. The (inverse) power-law model is one such acceleration model that has applications to fatigue studies in metals, where failure tends to be crack-induced. The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution was developed to model fatigue in materials where the failure of a specimen is due to the propagation of a dominant crack. This paper will compare two Birnbaum–Saunders type models from the literature (that have power-law accelerated features) with a new but distinctive model proposed here. The new model is an accelerated life model for a reparameterization of the baseline distribution. Comparison of the three models will be via the aluminum coupon data set from Birnbaum and Saunders5 and issues of accelerated testing will be discussed.
A stroke preparedness RCT in a multi-ethnic cohort: Design and methods

Abstract Background Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke (IS), is significantly underutilized likely due to poor lay information about stroke as an emergency. In order to improve outcomes in acute IS, it is critical to raise awareness and recognition of stroke symptoms particularly among minority populations. This manuscript describes the application of a stroke preparedness behavioral intervention and includes baseline information in a multi-ethnic population of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors. Methods In the Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment Study (SWIFT), we prospectively identified, and randomized IS and TIA patients to determine efficacy of a culturally tailored interactive stroke preparedness strategy. Data collected at baseline included acute stroke parameters, stroke knowledge, severity, social resources and vascular risk assessment. Results Of the 736 enrolled to date, 76% were IS and 24% TIA events. The cohort was 51% female: 45% Hispanic, 26% White and 25% Black. Over 75% reported hypertension, 36% diabetes, and 16% cardiac disease. Mean time from onset to emergency department (ED) arrival was 46 h (median 13 h) differing significantly between Whites (mean 52 h, median 11 h) and Blacks (mean 52 h, median 17 h) versus Hispanics (mean 39 h, median 11 h). Knowledge that a stroke occurs in the brain differed significantly by between Whites (85%), Blacks (64%), Hispanics (66%, p Conclusions Disparities remain in both action and knowledge surrounding acute stroke. Use of written information has not proven an effective means of changing health behaviors. We propose an interactive culturally tailored intervention to address behavioral change in acute stroke.
Looking over the Archaeologists’ Shoulders: Web-based Public Outreach in the Deep Wrecks Project

This article presents a case study of how the PAST Foundation partnered with other agencies and organizations to develop a successful public outreach website focusing on the Gulf of Mexico “Deep Wrecks” project in the late summer of 2004.
NOD-like subfamily of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family receptors and their expression in channel catfish

The NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family receptors) are a recently identified family of pattern recognition receptors in vertebrates. Several subfamilies of NLRs have been characterized in human, mouse, and zebrafish, but studies of NLRs in other species, especially teleost species, have been lacking. Here we report characterization of five NLRs from channel catfish: NOD1, NOD2, NLRC3, NLRC5, and NLRX1. Structural analysis indicated that the genes were organized in a similar fashion as in the mammals and in zebrafish. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that they were orthologous to the NOD-like subfamily of NLRs. All five NOD-like genes exist as a single copy gene in the catfish genome. Hybridization of gene-specific probes allowed mapping of three NLR genes to the catfish physical map, laying a foundation for genome characterization and for establishing orthologies with NLR genes from other species. These genes are widely expressed in various tissues and leukocyte cell lines. While the majority of the NLR genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, NOD1 was induced after infection with a bacterial pathogen, Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), suggesting its involvement in immunity against the intracellular pathogen.
Impact of Secondary non-Gaussianities on the Search for Primordial Non-Gaussianity with CMB Maps

When constraining the primordial non-Gaussianity parameter f{sub NL} with cosmic microwave background anisotropy maps, the bias resulting from the covariance between primordial non-Gaussianity and secondary non-Gaussianities to the estimator of f{sub NL} is generally assumed to be negligible. We show that this assumption may not hold when attempting to measure the primordial non-Gaussianity out to angular scales below a few tens arcminutes with an experiment like Planck, especially if the primordial non-Gaussianity parameter is around the minimum detectability level with f{sub NL} between 5 and 10. In the future, it will be necessary to jointly estimate the combined primordial and secondary contributions to the cosmic microwave background bispectrum and establish f{sub NL} by properly accounting for the confusion from secondary non-Gaussianiti0008.
Enclosure Effects on Flame Spread Over Solid Fuels in Microgravity

Enclosure effects on the transition from a localized ignition to subsequent flame growth over a thermally thin solid fuel in microgravity are numerically investigated by solving the low Mach number time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical model solves the two and three dimensional, time-dependent, convective/diffusive mass, and heat transport equations with a one-step global oxidation reaction in the gas phase coupled to a three-step global pyrolysis/oxidative reaction system in the solid phase. Cellulosic paper is used as the solid fuel and is placed in a slow imposed flow parallel to the surface. Ignition is initiated across the width of the sample or at a small circular area by an external thermal radiation source. Two cases are examined; an open configuration (i.e., without any enclosure) and the case with the test chamber used in our previous microgravity experiments. Numerical results show that the upstream centerline flame spread rate for the case with the enclosure is faster than that for the case without any enclosure. This is due to the confinement of the flow field and also thermal expansion initiated by heat and mass addition in the chamber. The confinement accelerates the flow in the chamber, which enhances oxygen transport into the flame. In the three-dimensional configuration with the spot ignition, the flame growth in the direction perpendicular to the flow is significantly enhanced by the confinement effects. The effect of the enclosure is most significant at the slowest flow condition investigated and the effect becomes less important with an increase in imposed flow velocity. The total heat release rate from the flame during a flame growth period increases significantly with the confinement and the enclosure effects should be accounted to avoid underestimating fire hazard in a spacecraft.
Coloboma in Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy

Over a seven-year period, a 22-year-old woman developed clinical linear scleroderma with associated ipsilateral coloboma of the upper eyelid, blepharoptosis, enophthalmos, and impairment of extraocular motility. Reconstructive surgery included correction of the enophthalmos by Silastic block implant, closure of the coloboma, and resection of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle for correction of the blepharoptosis.
Geography in American and European Universities

(1919). Geography in American and European Universities. Journal of Geography: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 129-141.
Photoperiod-mediated impairment of long-term potention and learning and memory in male white-footed mice.

Abstract Adult mammalian brains are capable of some structural plasticity. Although the basic cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory are being revealed, extrinsic factors contributing to this plasticity remain unspecified. White-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus ) are particularly well suited to investigate brain plasticity because they show marked seasonal changes in structure and function of the hippocampus induced by a distinct environmental signal, viz., photoperiod (i.e. the number of hours of light/day). Compared to animals maintained in 16 h of light/day, exposure to 8 h of light/day for 10 weeks induces several phenotypic changes in P. leucopus , including reduction in brain mass and hippocampal volume. To investigate the functional consequences of reduced hippocampal size, we examined the effects of photoperiod on spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze, and on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, a leading candidate for a synaptic mechanism underlying spatial learning and memory in rodents. Exposure to short days for 10 weeks decreased LTP in the Schaffer collateral–CA1 pathway of the hippocampus and impaired spatial learning and memory ability in the Barnes maze. Taken together, these results demonstrate a functional change in the hippocampus in male white-footed mice induced by day length.
Kinetics of nucleic acid–large ligand interactions: Multiplet‐closure approximations and matrix‐iteration techniques

Approximate methods are developed and evaluated for treating the rate of binding ligands that cover several contiguous sites to a homogeneous one-dimensional lattice, which represents a nucleic acid or other linear biopolymer. The model requires as input only the number of lattice sites necessary for binding, the total number (possibly infinite) of lattice sites, and elementary rate constants for the cooperative and noncooperative association and dissociation of the ligand on the lattice. The computational methods employed are an extension of the triplet closure approximation from the helix–coil (single-site ligand) problem to the large ligand binding problem. It is found that consideration of clusters of n + 2 lattice sites, where each ligand covers n sites, gives a surprisingly accurate description of the kinetics. The approximation is implemented by an extension of the matrix-iteration approach proposed by Craig and Crothers. The effects of the finite lattice length, as well as the capability to treat ligand motion along the lattice, are incorporated. When all symmetries are taken into consideration, the time required for the matrix iteration calculation rises only linearly with the ligand length n and is considerably less than that of the Monte Carlo method, which is used as a standard for comparison.
Design of a technique to measure the density of ultracold atoms in a short-period optical lattice in three dimensions with single-atom sensitivity

A measurement technique is described that has the potential to map the atomic site occupancies of ultracold atoms in a short-period three-dimensional optical lattice. The method uses accordion and pinning lattices, together with polarization gradient cooling and fluorescence detection, to measure the positions of individual atoms within the sample in three dimensions at a resolution of around half the atomic resonant wavelength. The method measures the site occupancy, rather than the parity of the site occupancy, of atoms in the lattice. It is expected that such measurements hold significant potential for the study of ultracold quantum dynamics.
The representation of the thermodynamics and phase equilibria of complex alloys

Abstract We consider various methods of graphically representing the thermodynamics of an alloy of more than two components. A free energy slice in which the free energy is plotted versus a single component, the other components having fixed ratios, seems particularly useful. The compositional complexity along such slices is not a function of the number of components. One such diagram for each component would compose a complete set.
Effect of molecular weight of condensed tannins from warm-season perennial legumes on ruminal methane production in vitro

The objectives of the present study were to determine if the molecular weight of condensed tannins (CT) from warm-season perennial legumes affects the biological activity of CT relative to suppression of methane (CH4) production by ruminants, and to identify potential North American native forage plants to use for mitigation of enteric CH4 emission. Eight North American native warm-season perennial legumes were evaluated: Leucaena retusa Benth. (littleleaf leadtree), Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. Ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald (Illinois bundleflower), Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. (tall lespedeza), Mimosa strigillosa Torr. & A. Gray (powderpuff), Neptunia lutea (Leavenworth) Benth. (yellow puff), two ecotypes of Acacia angustissima var. hirta (Nutt.) B.L. Rob (prairie acacia), and Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum (panicledleaf ticktrefoil). Two introduced legumes were also included: Arachis glabrata Benth. (rhizoma peanut) and Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don (sericea lespedeza). Forages were fermented with cattle rumen fluid for 48 h anaerobically using an in vitro gas production technique. D. paniculatum, L. stuevei, and M. strigillosa were high in CT, ranging from 11.7 to 12.5%. D. illinoensis, L. cuneata, N. lutea, and two ecotypes of A. angustissima var. hirta had less CT (P < 0.05), ranging from 8.1 to 8.9%, whereas L. retusa and A. glabrata had the least CT (P < 0.05), measuring 3.2 and 0.5%, respectively. Weight-average molecular weight (MW) of CT ranged from 1483 Da for L. cuneata to 552 Da for L. stuevei. In vitro CH4 production was greatest for L. retusa and A. glabrata at 40.7 mg/g DM and 38.2 mg/g DM, respectively. The least amount of in vitro CH4 was produced by fermentation of two ecotypes of A. angustissima var. hirta, which measured 0.8 and 0.6 mg/g DM, respectively. In vitro CH4 production regressed on CT MW resulted in a R2 of 0.0009 (P = 0.80), strongly suggesting that CT MW does not explain the biological activity of in vitro CH4 production by the forage legumes surveyed. Five of the seven North American native warm-season perennial legumes have promise for use in ruminant diets for the purpose of CH4 emission mitigation.
Womanist Ways and Pentecostalism: The Work of Recovery and Critique

Abstract This essay questions the notion that a womanist identity and Pentecostal faith are mutually exclusive. Using major tenets of womanist theology, I argue for an honest recovery of all the personal and political influences on classical Pentecostalism as a way to move forward to a more egalitarian faith. Seeking to redress the lack of scholarship about women of color in early Pentecostalism, the essay raises questions that, I hope, will spur more research and interest in a womanist Pentecostal theology.
Clinical dilemmas in treating left ventricular thrombus.

A 75-year-old man with history of severe coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was referred for echocardiographic assessment of his left ventricular function. In 2002, he had an anterior wall myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed flow limiting atherosclerotic disease of the posterior descending artery and ramus intermedius artery, and a complete occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending artery. He underwent a six-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperative recovery was complicated by a cerebroembolic event; a 95% blockage of right internal carotid artery was discovered and carotid endarterectomy was performed. The patient was treated medically with aspirin, metoprolol, lovastatin, and furosemide. He had an exercise treadmill test in 2004 which showed no evidence of ischemia or arrhythmia. Because of relocation, the patient was seen in our clinic in 2005 to establish care. A routine echocardiogram was ordered and showed mild left ventricular hypertrophy with estimated ejection fraction of 40%. There were hypokinesis of the anteroseptal, inferior, and posterior walls. In addition, the apex was akinetic with a moderate size thrombus measuring 1.8×1.8 cm (Fig. 1). Warfarin therapy was initiated, and a follow-up echocardiogram at 4 months showed complete resolution of the left ventricular thrombus (Fig. 2). After considerable discussion with the patient, a decision was made to continue warfarin indefinitely given his history of prior stroke and apical akinesis with thrombus.
Purchasing's Role in Supply Chain Management

The concept and importance of supply chain management (SCM) has been introduced and described at length in the literature. Several mostly conceptual definitions of SCM were found. To classify these multiple definitions and extend SCM to include a process orientation a conceptual model of SCM evolution was developed. This research proposes that SCM is an evolving concept with individual firms at different stages in their adoption of the concept. In its most advanced form SCM is not a subset of logistics but is a broad strategy which cuts across business processes both within the firm and through the channels required to reach the customer and involves the firm's suppliers. Thus SCM as a concept is organization‐wide; not logistics‐specific. An exploratory study of purchasing professionals was performed and it was determined that their definitions of SCM focused on developing relations with suppliers including partnerships. SCM provided purchasers multiple benefits including improved supplier coordination. This improved coordination resulted in greater commitment to long‐term supplier relations, with a focus on reducing cost to the buying organization.
Drug-induced autoimmunity.

Purpose of reviewThis review aims to draw attention to the increased spectrum of the features of drug-induced autoimmunity (DIA), including both clinical and autoantibody profiles in addition to the potential chronicity of the syndrome.Recent findingsIn recent years, not only has the number of medic
SIMSHOP: A job shop/cellular manufacturing simulator

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe SIMSHOP—a FORTRAN-based discrete event simulator which can be used in the design and evaluation analysis of complex discrete parts batch manufacturing systems involving either functional or cellular layout configurations. SIMSHOP models a manufacturing shop as a system of interrelated queues whose structure and dynamics are defined by using actual shop data and a set of component modules, namely; transport, workcenters, storage facilities, material handling, labor, job routing, and operating policy modules. This paper also discusses a recent application involving the redesign of an existing job-shop facility into a proposed future factory based on cellular manufacturing strategies.
Geographic variation of reproductive health indicators and outcomes in the United States: place matters

The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age and the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances, in turn, are shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics. Reproductive health indicators and conditions that are germane to obstetricians and gynecologists vary across states and regions in the United States as well as within regions and states. The aim of this article is to illustrate this variation with the use of examples of gynecologic malignancies, sexually transmitted infections, teen birth rates, preterm birth rates, and infant mortality rates. Using the example of infant death, the difficulties in “unpacking” the construct of place will be discussed, and a special emphasis is placed on the interaction of race, place, and disparities in shaping perinatal outcomes. Finally, readily available and easy-to-use online data resources will be provided so that obstetricians and gynecologists will be able to assess geographic variation in health indicators and outcomes in their own localities.
Collaborative Mobile-Cloud Computing for Civil Infrastructure Condition Inspection

AbstractOptical imaging techniques have been commonly used in civil engineering practice for aiding the archival of damage scenes and more recently, for image-based damage analysis. However, an evi...
A comparison of the coping and restructuring components of cognitive restructuring

Cognitive restructuring can be thought of as having two goals: a coping goal, in which individuals learn to cope more effectively with a stressful situation using such means as coping self-statements, and a restructuring goal, in which individuals change their beliefs about events, so that formerly stressful situations will no longer be stressful. These two goals were contrasted in a treatment outcome study employing test-anxious subjects who were assigned (a) to a coping treatment, which taught coping self-statements to be used in a test situation, (b) to a restructuring treatment, which involved discussion of general beliefs about evaluation, or (c) to a waiting list control. Outcome measures of test anxiety, irrational beliefs, and thoughts 1 hour before a final exam each showed treatment effects. Though the treated groups did not differ from each other on these measures, the coping group showed more improvement relative to the control group. The results for the two cognitive measures, chosen to reflect the different goals of the two treatments, did not directly correspond to treatment content, suggesting that the change processes resulting from a treatment cannot be predicted from the content of the treatment procedures alone.
Twice Betrayed by the Truth: A Narrative About the Cultural Similarities Between the Cold War and the Global War on Terror

This narrative explores the relationship of some forgotten legacies of Cold War (particularly Vietnam-era) politics, language, and culture to the current Global War on Terror (GWOT). One theme that ties these historical eras together is the rise of secrecy among power elites and the resulting lack of available truth capable of informing policies and practices used to justify war abroad and spread fear and anxiety at home. The implications of this cultural and political deja vu in light of the current GWOT are examined with particular emphases on how a "war" waged by a rhetoric of deceit and deception has produced unintended global consequences and new risks to our security while devaluing the power of the story that we give to the world.
Positively dependent types

This paper is part of a line of work on using the logical techniques of polarity and focusing to design a dependent programming language, with particular emphasis on programming with deductive systems such as programming languages and proof theories. Polarity emphasizes the distinction between positive types, which classify data, and negative types, which classify computation. In previous work, we showed how to use Zeilberger's higher-order formulation of focusing to integrate a positive function space for representing variable binding, an essential tool for specifying logical systems, with a standard negative computational function space. However, our previous work considers only a simply-typed language. The central technical contribution of the present paper is to extend higher-order focusing with a form of dependency that we call positively dependent types: We allow dependency on positive data, but not negative computation. Additionally, we present the syntax of dependent pair and function types using an iterated inductive definition, mapping positive data to types, which gives an account of type-level computation. We construct our language inside the dependently typed programming language Agda 2, making essential use of coinductive types and induction-recursion.
Factors Associated With Persistent Thrombocytopenia after Liver Transplantation

BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia typically resolves with resolution of portal hypertension after liver transplantation (LT) but persists in some patients. Identifying risk factors associated with persistent post- LT thrombocytopenia may provide important information about its pathogenesis. METHODS Cirrhotic adults with platelet levels of <150,000 mu/L at the time of LT and followed at least 1 year were studied. A retrospective analysis of lab values, radiologic spleen index (SI), and donor data using nonparametric methods was performed to characterize patients having persistent thrombocytopenia, defined as persistently low platelet levels at 3 and 12 months after LT. RESULTS One hundred patients were studied: mean age 55 y (range 23-75 y); platelet count at LT 62,000/microL (range 14,000- 148,000/microL; mean total bilirubin 2.6 mg/dL; mean Mayo end-stage liver disease score 29; SI 1,476 (range 347-4,843 mL; normal 120-480 mL). Platelet count at 3 and 12 months after LT correlated with SI (r = -0.41 and -0.54; P < .001). Fifty-seven patients had persistent thrombocytopenia. Compared with patients whose platelet levels normalized by month 3 or 12, they had higher SI and lower platelet count before LT (P < .001). The SI and platelet levels at the time of LT were independent predictive factors for platelet levels at 3 and 12 months after LT (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS High SI and low platelet count at the time of LT are associated with persistent thrombocytopenia after LT. They are also independent predictive factors of platelet levels at 3 and 12 months after LT. This suggests that patients may have persistent thrombocytopenia after LT owing to persistence of some degree of hypersplenism and incomplete resolution of splenomegaly.
Evaluation of three turbulence models for the prediction of steady and unsteady airloads

Two dimensional quasi-three dimensional Navier-Stokes solvers were used to predict the static and dynamic airload characteristics of airfoils. The following three turbulence models were used: the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic model, the Johnson-King ODE model for maximum turbulent shear stress, and a two equation k-e model with law-of-the-wall boundary conditions. It was found that in attached flow the three models have good agreement with experimental data. In unsteady separated flows, these models give only a fair correlation with experimental data.
Substituted Hippuramides as CNS Depressants

A series of substituted hippuramides related to tricetamide was prepared, and a preliminary pharmacological evaluation was performed.
Orthognathic surgery: the correction of dentofacial deformities

The field of orthognathic surgery offers ever-improving technology to better rehabilitate patients with dentofacial deformities. Hospital stays have been reduced due to improved surgery and anesthesia. Rigid internal fixation has increased comfort for many patients by eliminating the inconvenience of having the jaws wired together. Most important has been the realization that teamwork between the general dentist and the various specialty disciplines is indispensable for good patient care and the attainment of the very best results.
Spatial and temporal control of the alkyne–azide cycloaddition by photoinitiated Cu(II) reduction

The click reaction paradigm is focused on the development and implementation of reactions that are simple to perform while being robust and providing exquisite control of the reaction and its products. Arguably the most prolific and powerful of these reactions, the copper-catalysed alkyne-azide reaction (CuAAC) is highly efficient and ubiquitous in an ever increasing number of synthetic methodologies and applications, including bioconjugation, labelling, surface functionalization, dendrimer synthesis, polymer synthesis and polymer modification. Unfortunately, as the Cu(I) catalyst is typically generated by the chemical reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), or added as a Cu(I) salt, temporal and spatial control of the CuAAC reaction is not readily achieved. Here, we demonstrate catalysis of the CuAAC reaction via the photochemical reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), affording comprehensive spatial and temporal control of the CuAAC reaction using standard photolithographic techniques. Results reveal the diverse capability of this technique in small molecule synthesis, patterned material fabrication and patterned chemical modification.
An explicitly spatial version of the Lotka-Volterra model with interspecific competition

We consider a spatial stochastic version of the classical Lotka-Volterra model with interspecific competition. The classical model is described by a set of ordinary differential equations, one for each species. Mortality is density dependent, including both intraspecific and interspecific competition. Fecundity may depend on the type of species but is density independent. Depending on the relative strengths of interspecific and intraspecific competition and on the fecundities, the parameter space for the classical model is divided into regions where either coexistence, competitive exclusion or founder control occur. The spatial version is a continuous time Markov process in which individuals are located on the d-dimensional integer lattice. Their dynamics are described by a set of local rules which have the same components as the classical model. Our main results for the spatial stochastic version can be summarized as follows. Local competitive interactions between species result in (1) a reduction of the parameter region where coexistence occurs in the classical model, (2) a reduction of the parameter region where founder control occurs in the classical model, and (3) spatial segregation of the two species in parts of the parameter region where the classical model predicts coexistence.
THE ROLE OF FOLLOWERS IN SUPPLY CHAINS

Significant attention has been given to the contribution of supply chain leader organizations in the logistics literature. However, the majority of supply chain member firms are not leaders, and the contribution of these supply chain followers has not been described. Arguably the contribution of follower organizations is greater than that of a single supply chain leader since they are found in greater numbers in most supply chains. This paper identifies a conceptual framework of supply chain followership, classified on the basis of the behaviors exhibited by follower organizations. Data was collected via an interactive simulation, using executives as participants. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the proposed model. Results indicate that follower organizations make a greater contribution to overall supply chain performance than leaders when transformational behaviors are present.
A cost-effective single-stage inverter with maximum power point tracking

Renewable energy, such as solar energy, is desirable for power generation due to their unlimited existence and environmental friendly nature. However, the high initial investment impedes its wide commercialization. This paper proposes a cost-effective single-stage inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in combination with one-cycle control (OCC) for photovoltaic power generation. This control scheme is based on the output current-adjusting feature of OCC. The output current of the inverter can be adjusted according to the voltage of the photovoltaic (PV) array so as to extract the maximum power from it. In the mean time, OCC guarantees that the output current is proportional and in phase with the grid voltage. All these are accomplished in one power stage and a simple control circuit. No detection and calculation of power are needed. Compared with previously proposed approaches, this method is much more efficient and cost-effective and yet exhibits excellent performance. The principle is explained qualitatively and extensive experiments have been carried out to verify the proposed method.
Coupled-Mode Theory Analysis of Optical Bistability involving Fano Resonances in High-Q/V m Silicon Photonic Crystal Nanocavities

We study optical bistability associated with Fano resonances in high-Q/Vm silicon photonic crystal nanocavities through the nonlinear coupled-mode theory framework. The chi(3) effects, free-carrier dynamics, thermal effects, and linear losses are included and investigated numerically.