cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Left Ventricular Risk Area and Clinical, Electrocardiographic, Hemodynamic, and Angiographic Variables During Acute Myocardial Infarction

Since the area at risk for necrosis is the most important determinant of ultimate infarct size, knowledge of its size would be helpful in making therapeutic decisions during acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that indirect estimations of the risk area by use of clinical, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, or angiographic variables are inaccurate in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Accordingly, these variables were correlated with an echocardiographically derived risk area in 24 patients experiencing their first acute myocardial infarction. These patients underwent cardiac catheterization and echocardiography within 3 hours of hospital admission. The clinical (Killip class) and electrocardiographic findings (number of leads with ST segment changes) correlated poorly with the size of the risk area ( r = 0.28 and r = − 0.10, respectively). Hemodynamic data (which included right atrial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge, aortic, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures) and cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and heart rate demonstrated a poor correlation ( r ≤0.47) with the risk area. The left ventricular ejection fraction and the number of diseased vessels determined by angiography also correlated poorly with the risk area ( r = − 0.47 and r = 0.10, respectively). Patients with multivessel disease were more likely to have abnormal wall motion remote from the infarct zone compared to patients with single-vessel disease (45% versus 8%, p p = 0.06) and correlated better with the total extent of abnormal wall motion on echocardiography compared to patients with single-vessel disease ( r = − 0.67 versus r = − 0.007). We conclude that clinical, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic variables do not provide an accurate estimate of the size of the left ventricular risk area during acute myocardial infarction. A direct visualization of left ventricular dynamics may provide a more accurate assessment of the size of the risk area and the total extent of left ventricular dysfunction.
A dramatic loss of non-verbal intelligence following a right parietal ependymoma: brief case report.

Virtually all reports on the effects of focal brain lesions upon specific neuropsychological functions are based upon estimates of cognitive loss in persons following a lesion, without proof of premorbid capacity. This report presents the case of a 19-year-old left-handed male with assessment of Verbal and Performance I.Q. testing 1 year prior to a subsequent brain tumor for reasons unrelated to the neoplasm. The patient was then re-tested 23 months later, following the diagnosis and treatment of a supratentorial ependymoma in the right parietal region. His multi-modal treatment regimen included a partial surgical resection of the tumor, cranio-spinal irradiation with focal boost to the primary site, and chemotherapy. Results demonstrate a striking 58-point decline in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS – R) Performance I.Q. with no significant change in Verbal I.Q. These findings clearly document the important cognitive functions associated with the right parietal lobe. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industrial Location and Regional Development—Some Recent Trends in North-West England

Deficiencies in local economic structure are very often blamed for the lack of economic growth. The paper is in part an examination of this contention. The concepts of comparative and competitive shift are used to isolate the structural element in relative growth, and an attempt is made to interpret areal variations in competitive shift in the North West Region of England in recent years. The implications of the results for policies of regional development are then considered.
Bem analysis of free vibration problems using polynomial particular integrals

Abstract The development of a boundary element method for free vibration analysis using particular solutions is discussed. The formulation presented is based on treating the forcing function, in the governing differential equation, as an initially unknown distributed body force within the domain. The volume integral due to this body force is then eliminated by approximating the inertia force by global interpolation and polynomial function representations and finding particular solutions for the governing, inhomogeneous equations. The resulting non-symmetric system matrix is solved by using a modified Arnoldi's algorithm that takes advantage of the special structure of the substructured boundary element method. The techniques described here are embedded in a computer program GPBEST, and the numerical examples arc solved by using this computer code.
Technology, genres, and value change: Literary authors and artistic use of information technology

Information technology provides resources with which human actors can change the patterns of social action in which they participate. Studies of genre change have been among those that have focused on such change. Those studies, however, have tended not to focus on creative genres. Producers in creative genres often produce their work in an atmosphere with little or no central control and tend to hold values that set their work apart from work found in commercial settings. This study focuses on information technology use by literary authors and asks whether literary authors are likely to use information technology in ways that will reinforce or alter the traditional values seen in American literary publishing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compound-Specific Isotope Analyses of Products from Carbonization of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Decant Oil Doped with 13C-Enriched 4-Methyldibenzothiophene

This study presents the first combined application of 13 C labeling and isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (irmGCMS) to analyze the thermochemical transformations of specific organic compounds within a complex heavy oil. Specifically, this technique was used to monitor the hydrocarbons produced during the carbonization of a fluid catalytic cracking decant oil (FCCDO). Structural GC/MS analysis of these products has previously shown that 4-methyldibenzothiophene, 13 C-labeled at the methyl position (4- 13 MDBT), undergoes methylation to form a number of polymethyldibenzothiophenes and cleavage of its aryl-methyl bond to give dibenzothiophene (Energy Fuels 1997, 11,623, 631). The irmGCMS analysis of these products shows that the 4- 13 MDBT is a source of 13 C-enriched methyl that reacts with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to produce a number of methylated PAHs. Precise measurement of 13 C enrichment and concentration of specific compounds enables tracking of the labeled carbon within a complex mixture as a function of reaction time. There are large differences in apparent reactivities of mono- and dimethyl-substituted naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, and pyrenes. The differences in observed reactivities of methylnaphthalene, methylphenanthrene, and methylpyrene isomers are consistent with calculated free valence indices at specific positions. There is no significant 13 C enrichment in unsubstituted PAH compounds, indicating that the labeled methyl group is not involved in producing GC-amenable unsubstituted PAH during early carbonization. This combined use of 13 C-labeled reactants and irmGCMS analysis will have broad applications in oil processing and geochemical fields associated with the study of thermochemical transformations of organic compounds within complex mixtures.
Upper critical fields and superconducting transition temperatures of some zirconium-base amorphous transition-metal alloys

Superconducting upper critical fields H/sub c/2(T), transition temperatures T/sub c/, and normal-state electrical resistivities rho/sub n/ have been measured in the amorphous transition-metal alloy series Zr/sub 1-z/Co/sub x/, Zr/sub 1-x/Ni/sub x/, (Zr/sub 1-x/Ti/sub x/)/sub 0.78/Ni/sub 0.22/, and (Zr/sub 1-x/Nb/sub x/)/sub 0.78/Ni/sub 0.22/. Structural integrity of these melt-spun alloys is indicated by x-ray, density, bend-ductility, normal-state electrical resistivity, superconducting transition width, and mixed-state flux-pinning measurements. The specimens display T/sub c/ = 2.1--3.8 K, rho/sub n/ = 159--190 ..mu cap omega.. cm, and Vertical Bar(dH/sub c/2/dT)cVertical Bar = 28--36 kG/K. These imply electron mean free paths lroughly-equal2--6 A, zero-temperature Ginzburg-Landau coherence distances xi/sub G/0roughly-equal50--70 A, penetration depths lambda/sub G/0roughly-equal(7--10) x 10/sup 3/ A, and extremely high dirtiness parameters xi/sub 0//lroughly-equal300--1300. All alloys display H/sub c/2(T) curves with negative curvature and (with two exceptions) fair agreement with the standard dirty-limit theory of Werthamer, Helfand, Hohenberg, and Maki (WHHM) for physically reasonable values of spin-orbit-coupling induced, electron-spin-flip scattering time tau/sub so/. This is in contrast to the anomalously elevated H/sub c/2(T) behavior which is nearly linear in T that is observed by some, and the unphysically low-tau/sub so/ fits to WHHM theory obtained by others, for various amorphous alloys.
Eikonal Method for Calculation of Coherence Functions

A method is presented for computing the cross-spectral density of a special class of partially coherent fields in which the coherent modes obey an eikonal equation. This method allows for statistical analysis of optical systems based on simple ray tracing.
Trait-Based Individual Differences on Discomfort Glare Rating Responses and Related Visual Contrast Sensitivity

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between Trait-based Individual differences (neuroticism and extraversion) on glare subjective responses and contrast sensitivity performance when exposed to same manipulated glare conditions. An attempt was made to explore the relationship between the glare subjective responses and actual contrast sensitivity. Thirty-six individuals (9 high neuroticism scorers, 9 low neuroticism scorers, 9 high extraversion scorers, and 9 low extraversion scorers) were tested on subjective discomfort glare rating responses and visual contrast sensitivity. The International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) was used to assess trait-based individual differences, while the subjective glare experience was examined utilizing modified glare De Boer discomfort rating scale. The visual performance was measured through the contrast sensitivity level using adjustable contrast level of the Landolt's C target. Results indicated significant effect of extraversion trait on ratin...
Performance comparison of Michelson interferometer-based interleaver designs

The Michelson interferometer-based interleaver is widely used in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. A performance comparison for a 10-gigabit/s WDM system with a Michelson interferometer-based interleaver of different designs is presented. The trade-off between the designs that improve the passband bandwidth and reduce chromatic dispersion is discussed. It is concluded that a comprehensive design, including analysis at both the component and system levels, is necessary.
Changing technology requirements of mask metrology

Upcoming semiconductor technology nodes will still be based on optical lithography by ArF water immersion technology because there are still too many open issues preventing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography from being introduced into high volume production. Several kinds of multi-patterning technology are considered to overcome the optical resolution issue by 193nm high NA illumination and still achieve <32nm half-pitch. Mask registration metrology must be adapted to provide useful and comprehensive data on the mask contribution to wafer overlay.
Excited states of dinaphth[de-1, 2, 3; d′e′-5, 6, 7]azulene: Polarized absorption in stretched polymers and magnetic circular dichroism

Abstract UV-visible polarized absorption spectra of dinaphth[de-1,2,3; d′e′-5,6,7]azulene I have been determined from measurements of linear dichroism in stretched polymer sheets. Magnetic circular dichroic (MCD) spectra have been measured in solution and help to distinguish individual electronic transitions. π-Electron calculations of transition energies, oscillator strengths, and polarization directions are in good agreement with the experimental data and permit a straightforward correlation of the low-energy part of the spectrum of I with that of the parent pleiadiene II.
Power-Loss Evaluation in CM Active EMI Filters for Bearing Current Suppression

This paper is focused on the analysis of the power losses in a common-mode (CM) active electromagnetic-interference filter for induction-motor drives. The studied filter works according to a feedforward voltage-sensing-voltage-compensating scheme; it performs the compensation of the CM voltage at the motor terminals. In this way, the shaft voltage is dramatically reduced and the resulting bearing currents are practically eliminated. The contributions to the total power losses associated to the active filter are assessed with reference to medium-power induction-motor drives with different rated powers and switching frequencies. The single terms of power losses due to each part of the active filter are accounted for, and their dependence on the motor-drive size is addressed. Furthermore, the influence of the active-filter losses on the drive efficiency is evaluated.
A 600 bps MELP vocoder for use on HF channels

The US government has developed and adopted a new military standard vocoder (MIL-STD-3005) algorithm called mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) which operates at 2.4 kbps. The vocoder has good voice quality under benign error channels. However, when the vocoder is subjected to a HF channel with typical power output of a manpack radio (MPR), the vocoder speech quality is severely degraded. Harris has found that a 600 bps vocoder provides significant increase in secure voice availability relative to the 2.4 kbps vocoder. This paper describes a 600 bps MELP vocoder algorithm that takes advantage of the inherent inter-frame redundancy of the MELP parameters. Data is presented showing the advantage in both diagnostic acceptability measure (DAM) and diagnostic rhyme test (DRT) with respect to SNR on a typical HF channel when using the vocoder with a MIL-STD-188-110B waveform.
ATTENTION AS AN ESTABLISHING OPERATION AND AS REINFORCEMENT DURING FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES

Results of functional analyses for 36 individuals whose self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by attention indicated that SIB was highest during a condition in which the individual was deprived of attention (establishing operation) except as a consequence (reinforcer). Deprivation in the absence of reinforcement produced marginal increases in SIB in 5 individuals, and a relatively rich schedule of noncontingent attention produced the lowest levels of SIB. These results suggest that clearer functional analysis outcomes are likely to be obtained when test conditions contain both an establishing operation to evoke behavior as well as a reinforcement contingency to maintain it. DESCRIPTORS: establishing operation, functional analysis, self-injurious behavior
Multi-objective calibration of a surface water-groundwater flow model in an irrigated agricultural region: Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico

Abstract. Multi-objective optimization was used to calibrate a regional surface water-groundwater model of the Yaqui Valley, a 6800 km2 irrigated agricultural region located along the Sea of Cortez in Sonora, Mexico. The model simulates three-dimensional groundwater flow coupled to one-dimensional surface water flow in the irrigation canals. It accounts for the spatial distribution of annual recharge from irrigation, subsurface drainage, agricultural pumping, and irrigation canal seepage. The main advantage of the calibration method is that it accounts for both parameter and model structural uncertainty. In this case, results show that the effect of including the process of bare soil evaporation is significantly greater than the effects of parameter uncertainty. Furthermore, by treating the different objectives independently, a better identification of the model parameters is achieved compared to a single-objective approach, since the various objectives are sensitive to different parameters. The simulated water balance shows that 15–20% of the water that enters the irrigation canals is lost by seepage to groundwater. The main discharge mechanisms in the Valley are crop evapotranspiration (53%), non-agricultural evapotranspiration and bare soil evaporation (19%), surface drainage to the Sea of Cortez (15%), and groundwater pumping (9%). In comparison, groundwater discharge to the estuary was relatively insignificant (less than 1%). The model was further refined by identifying zonal Kv and Kh values based on a spatial analysis of the model residuals.
Issues and New Directions in Global Consumer Psychology

Although there is growing interest in cultural differences in consumer behavior, focused and systematic consumer research on the topic is still in its infancy. The conceptual and methodological issues that are central to conducting cross-cultural research, including selecting or blending emic and etic research approaches, achieving measurement equivalence, expanding the cultural constructs and geographical regions under investigation, and understanding mediating processes, are addressed. In the process, the progress that has been made in addressing these issues in consumer psychology is reviewed and a number of priorities for future research in this important domain are suggested.
Domain-swapped structure of a mutant of cyanovirin-N☆

Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a potent 11 kDa HIV-inactivating protein that binds with high affinity to the HIV surface envelope protein gp120. A double mutant P51S/S52P of CV-N was engineered by swapping two critical hinge-region residues Pro51 and Ser52. This mutant has biochemical and biophysical characteristics equivalent to the wild-type CV-N and its structure resembles that of wild-type CV-N. However, the mutant shows a different orientation in the hinge region that connects two domains of the protein. The observation that this double mutant crystallizes under a wide variety of conditions challenges some of the current hypotheses on domain swapping and on the role of hinge-region proline residues in domain orientation. The current structure contributes to the understanding of domain swapping in cyanovirins, permitting rational design of domain-swapped CV-N mutants.
A top to bottom lithospheric study of Africa and Arabia

Abstract We study the lithospheric structure of Africa, Arabia and adjacent oceanic regions with fundamental-mode surface waves over a broad period range. Including group velocities with periods shorter than 35 s allows us to examine shallower features than previous studies of the whole continent. In the process, we have developed a crustal thickness map of Africa. Main features include crustal thickness increases under the West African, Congo, and Kalahari cratons. We find crustal thinning under Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifts, including the Benue Trough, Red Sea, and East, Central, and West African rift systems, along with less abrupt crustal thickness changes at passive continental margins. We also find crustal thickness differences in North Africa between the West African Craton and East Saharan Shield. Crustal shear wave velocities are generally faster in oceanic regions and cratons, and slower in more recent crust and in active and remnant orogenic regions. Deeper structure, related to the thickness of cratons and modern rifting, is generally consistent with previous work. Under cratons we find thick lithosphere and fast upper mantle velocities, while under rifts we find thinned lithosphere and slower upper mantle velocities. However, we also find the lack of a thick cratonic keel beneath the central portion of the Congo Craton. There are no consistent effects in areas classified as hotspots, indicating that there seem to be numerous origins for these features. Finally, it appears that the African Superswell, which is responsible for high elevation and uplift over large portions of Africa, has had a significantly different impact (as indicated by features such as temperature, time of influence, etc.) in the north and the south. This is consistent with episodic activity at shallow depths, which is well-expressed in northeastern Africa and Arabia today.
Respiration rate estimation from channel state information in wireless body area networks

Respiration rate is an important measure for assessing a patient's health and is typically measured using obtrusive devices. A non-obtrusive method of estimating respiration rate by taking advantage of data packets being sent from sensor nodes in a wireless body area network is proposed and investigated. In contradistinction to other methods, the proposed method does not require dedicated hardware and does not impose overheads on transmission power and throughput. Instead, it makes use of data packets already being sent to support some other physiological monitoring applications such as cardiac, temperature or motion monitoring. The method is demonstrated on a single subject and results are presented from a study including 40 measurements taken from eight subjects. The mean estimation error in the study was 0.58 breaths per minute. The proposed method can be used to augment wireless body monitoring applications with important respiration rate measurements without imposing overheads on the compact sensor nodes.
Chronic Cigarette Smoking: Implications for Neurocognition and Brain Neurobiology

Compared to the substantial volume of research on the general health consequences associated with chronic smoking, little research has been specifically devoted to the investigation of its effects on human neurobiology and neurocognition. This review summarizes the peer-reviewed literature on the neurocognitive and neurobiological implications of chronic cigarette smoking in cohorts that were not seeking treatment for substance use or psychiatric disorders. Studies that specifically assessed the neurocognitive or neurobiological (with emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance-based neuroimaging studies) consequences of chronic smoking are highlighted. Chronic cigarette smoking appears to be associated with deficiencies in executive functions, cognitive flexibility, general intellectual abilities, learning and/or memory processing speed, and working memory. Chronic smoking is related to global brain atrophy and to structural and biochemical abnormalities in anterior frontal regions, subcortical nuclei and commissural white matter. Chronic smoking may also be associated with an increased risk for various forms of neurodegenerative diseases. The existing literature is limited by inconsistent accounting for potentially confounding biomedical and psychiatric conditions, focus on cross-sectional studies with middle aged and older adults and the absence of studies concurrently assessing neurocognitive, neurobiological and genetic factors in the same cohort. Consequently, the mechanisms promoting the neurocognitive and neurobiological abnormalities reported in chronic smokers are unclear. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if the smoking-related neurobiological and neurocognitive abnormalities increase over time and/or show recovery with sustained smoking cessation.
Reperfusion decreases myogenic reactivity and alters middle cerebral artery function after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Background and Purpose After focal cerebral ischemia, the function of cerebral arteries is critical to maintain cerebrovascular resistance and minimize damage to ischemic brain regions during reperfusion. In this study we examined the contractile function of isolated and pressurized middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) after 2 hours of occlusion with either 1 to 2 minutes or 24 hours of reperfusion using the intraluminal suture model of transient focal ischemia in rats. Methods MCAs were dissected after 2 hours of occlusion with either 1 to 2 minutes (OCC, n=8) or 24 hours (RPF, n=5) of reperfusion and compared with those of controls that did not have surgery (n=5). Isolated MCAs were mounted on two glass cannulas in an arteriograph chamber that allowed control over transmural pressure (TMP) and measurement of lumen diameter. Responses to changes in TMP (including myogenic reactivity, basal tone, and passive distensibility) and sensitivity to serotonin and acetylcholine were compared. Results Increasing TMP fr...
Memory and learning for a novel written style.

Subjects read and recalled a series of five short stories in one of four plot and style combinations. The stories were written in one of two styles that consisted of opposing clause orders (i.e., independent-dependent vs. dependent-independent), tense forms (i.e., past vs. present), and descriptor forms (modifier modifier vs. modifier as a noun). The subjects incorporated both plot and style characteristics into their recalls. Other subjects, who, after five recalls, either generated a new story or listed the rules that had been followed by the stories read, included the marked forms of the characteristics they learned more often, except for tense. The subjects read and recalled four stories of the same plot and style and then read and recalled a fifth story of the same plot and style or of one of the other three plot/style combinations. Ability to switch style depended on both the characteristic and the markedness.
Implementing transaction control expressions by checking for absence of access rights

Separation of duties is an important, real-world requirement that access control models should support. The transaction control expression (TCE) for specifying dynamic separation of duties was previously introduced. The implementation of TCEs in the typed access matrix model (TAM) is considered. It is shown that TAM requires extension for satisfactory handling of dynamic separation of duties. In particular, dynamic separation requires the capability to explicitly test for the absence of rights in cells of the access matrix. It is illustrated how TAM, extended to incorporate such tests, can implement TCEs. The impact of checks for absence of rights on safety analysis is discussed (i.e. the determination of whether or not a given subject can acquire a given right to a given object). >
Consideration of SAR and TRP in handset antenna designs at 1900-MHz band

This paper compares four planar inverted “F” antenna (PIFA) models designed for the personal communication system (PCS) frequency band (1850–1990 MHz, also refer to as the 1900-MHz band). The ground-plane size, the dielectric substrate, and the feeding pin are fixed for all the antenna models. By moving the ground pin, three different-size patches are tuned to the 1900-MHz band. The fourth model is a dual-band design with a J-shaped slot. The impedance bandwidth and the free-space antenna efficiency are measured. The impact of the presence of a phantom head on the efficiency is also shown and analyzed. A prototype transmitter is then integrated into the antenna models with a mechanical chassis for specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements. The measured SAR distribution shows that by relocating the ground pin of the PIFA, the SAR can be reduced. For each case, the transmit (TX) power is adjusted to normalize the SAR, and then the total radiated power (TRP) is calculated and compared. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 569–573, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21054
Electrical safety for an electrical impedance tomograph

The electrical safety requirements for patient lead currents in medical electrical equipment are reviewed. The standards set by four organizations are compared. These are the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Patient lead current classification, lead-to-ground leakage and risk currents, and leakage between patient leads are discussed. Isolation transformers and optoisolators are proposed for use in an electrical impedance tomograph to meet these requirements. >
Automating the layout of reconfigurable subsystems using circuit generators

When designing systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), a unique opportunity exists to generate custom FPGA architectures that are specific to the application domain in which the device is used. The inclusion of such devices provides an efficient compromise between the flexibility of software and the performance of hardware, while at the same time allowing for post-fabrication modification of the SoC. To automate the layout of reconfigurable subsystems for systems-on-a-chip, we present the circuit generator method. The circuit generator method enables a designer to leverage the regularity that exists in FPGAs, creating structures that have only the needed resources to support the specified application domain. To facilitate this we have created generators that automatically produce the various components of the custom reconfigurable device. Compared to the unaltered full-custom tile, we achieve designs that are on average approximately 46% smaller and 16% faster, while continuing to support the algorithms in the particular application domain.
Appearance-based object recognition using multiple views

Object recognition from a single view fails when the available features are not sufficient to determine the identity of a single object, either because of similarity with another object or because of feature corruption due to clutter and occlusion. Active object recognition systems have addressed this problem successfully, but they require complicated systems with adjustable viewpoints that are not always available. In this paper we investigate the performance gain available by combining the results of a single view object recognition system applied to imagery obtained from multiple fixed cameras. In particular, we address performance in cluttered scenes with varying degrees of information about relative camera pose. We argue that a property common to many computer vision recognition systems, which we term a weak target error, is responsible for two interesting limitations of multi-view performance enhancement: the lack of significant improvement in systems whose single-view performance is weak, and the plateauing of performance improvement as additional multi-view constraints are added.
Progress, Problems, and Prospects for Integrated Pest Management

The inequality of food demand and food supply has persisted in parts of the world since the dawn of man’s history, but in modern times the populations of developed countries have felt secure in their escape from hunger. This situation changed in 1974 with some food commodities in short supply on a worldwide basis. A high world population growth rate (currently about 2%) and major regional crop failures because of adverse climate and damaging pest attacks (principally insects and diseases) has brought the world feed and food grain reserves to their lowest levels in two decades (Revelle, 1974). Although the actual magnitude of the world food problem is not known, famine is reported in many developing countries, and the death rate is actually rising in at least 12 and possibly 20 such nations in Africa and Southern Asia (NAS, 1975). This imbalance in the world food-people equation has focused unprecedented attention to increased agricultural production in both developed and developing nations. Regardless of whether we succeed or fail in reducing significantly human population growth, the immediate challenge of the United States and the World is to optimize agricultural and other renewable resource productivity per unit of land area, water, fertilizer, energy, and time (Wittwer, 1975). These efforts to increase productivity of the land in both developed and developing countries will accelerate the development and adoption of production practices that generally intensify crop protection problems. The magnitude of agricultural crop losses to pests has not been measured adequately even in the most highly developed countries, but these losses are recognized as being substantial.
Queering the Support for Trafficked Persons: LGBTQ Communities and Human Trafficking in the Heartland

Human trafficking justice centers on the “Three Ps” model of prevention, protection, and prosecution. While protection and prosecution efforts have been moderately successful, prevention remains elusive, as “upstream” structural fac-tors—class, gender, and sexuality inequalities—remain difficult to target. Individuals who are affected by these factors are not fully served within linear service frameworks. Based on a 12-month study in Kansas City, we find that service providers recognize the limitations of a “one-size-fits all” approach. Using a public health model, our research team con-ducted a public health surveillance, explored risk and protective factors, and facilitated organizational self-assessments of services. Our findings support a prevention approach that supports a survivor-centered model, which creates new, non-linear or queered avenues of agency and community for trafficking survivors. This model allows survivors to make use of services in moments of vulnerability and opt out of others in moments of resilience. Given the systematic cuts in funding that have affected service providers, this research contends that prevention is cheaper, more effective, and more ethical than relying on prosecutions to curb trafficking. Developing a model that fosters survivor empowerment is a key step toward individual justice and survivor resilience for vulnerable and marginalized populations.
New-onset diabetes: a potential clue to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis because cancer-specific symptoms occur only at an advanced stage. If the cancer is to be discovered early, screening will need to be done in asymptomatic individuals. Because the incidence of pancreatic cancer is low, screening for asymptomatic cancer in the general population is not feasible; therefore, screening will need to be restricted to people at high risk of this disease. The proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer who also have hyperglycaemia or diabetes has previously been under appreciated. New data show that up to 80% of patients are either hyperglycaemic or diabetic, both of which can be detected in the presymptomatic phase. Diabetes has been shown to improve after pancreatic-cancer resection, suggesting that diabetes is caused by the cancer. Conversely, older patients with new-onset diabetes have about an eight-times higher risk of having pancreatic cancer than the general population. Recognition of new-onset diabetes as an early manifestation of pancreatic cancer could lead to the diagnosis of asymptomatic, early-stage pancreatic cancer. However, primary type-2 diabetes is common in the general population and pancreatic cancer is relatively uncommon, and the two forms of diabetes are clinically indistinguishable. The success of a strategy using new-onset hyperglycaemia and diabetes as a screening tool to identify people with a high likelihood of having asymptomatic pancreatic cancer will depend largely on our ability to differentiate pancreatic-cancer-associated diabetes from the more common type-2 diabetes by use of a (serological) biomarker.
Matching schemes with captured-frame eligibility for input-queued packet switches

Virtual output queues (VOQs) are widely used by input-queued (IQ) switches to eliminate the head-of-line (HOL) blocking phenomena, which limits switching performance. An effective matching scheme must provide high throughput under several admissible traffic patterns and keep implementation complexity low. A variety of matching schemes for IQ switches that deliver high throughput under uniform traffic have been proposed. However, there is a need of matching schemes that provide high throughput under several admissible traffic patterns, including those with nonuniform distributions. In this paper, we introduce the captured frame-size concept for matching schemes in IQ switches. We use the captured-frame eligibility concept in a round-robin based scheme, uFORM, and in a random-base scheme, uFPIM, to improve switching performance under nonuniform traffic patterns. The uFPIM scheme is based in the parallel iterative matching (PIM) scheme and shows the throughput improvement achieved with the captured frame concept. The uFORM scheme provides high performance under nonuniform traffic while keeping the high performance that round-robin schemes are known to have under uniform traffic.
Resistance leadership: The overlooked potential in critical organization and leadership studies

This article examines the role of leadership in mobilizing collective resistance in the workplace. Given the scarcity of dialogue between critical scholars and leadership studies, relatively little consideration is given to the role of leadership in resisting and potentially transforming structures of domination. The article describes some of the reasons why these areas of research have produced so little mutual work. We then make the argument that theories of leadership can be useful to the study of resistance by providing a grounded approach to theorizing agency, highlighting the role of mobilization and influence in change, and emphasizing participant attributions. In doing so, leadership studies gain important insights about the influence of deep structure power issues on perceptions of leaders, as well as material and symbolic limits on mobilization. The article adopts a dialectical perspective as a way of understanding issues of resistance leadership, and then discusses how existing literatures, rea...
Two new species of Falcaustra and comments on helminths of Norops tropidolepis (Sauria: Polychrotidae) from Costa Rica.

Falcaustra costaricae n. sp. from the intestines of the lizard Norops tropidolepis and F. heosemydis n. sp. from the large intestine of the turtle Heosemys depressa are described and illustrated. Falcaustra costaricae represents the 10th Neotropical species assigned to this genus and is distinguished from other Neotropical species by the distribution pattern of caudal papillae (10 preanal, 0 adanal, 12 postanal, and 1 median), length and width of spicules (510–561 μm long, 18–24 μm wide), and absence of pseudosucker. Falcaustra heosemydis represents the 29th Oriental species and is distinguished from other Oriental species by the distribution pattern of caudal papillae (10 preanal, 0 adanal, 12 postanal, and 1 median), length of spicules (790–890 μm), and absence of pseudosucker. Norops tropidolepis was found to harbor 3 species of Nematoda, F. costaricae, Rhabdias anolis, and acuariid larvae, and 2 species of Acanthocephala (centrorhynchid cystacanths and oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths).
Clonal evaluation of prostate cancer foci in biopsies with discontinuous tumor involvement by dual ERG/SPINK1 immunohistochemistry

The presence of two or more prostate cancer foci separated by intervening benign tissue in a single core is a well-recognized finding on prostate biopsy. Cancer involvement can be measured by including intervening benign tissue or only including the actual cancer involved area. Importantly, this parameter is a common enrollment criterion for active surveillance protocols. We hypothesized that spatially distinct prostate cancer foci in biopsies may arise from separate clones, impacting cancer involvement assessment. Hence, we used dual ERG/SPINK1 immunohistochemistry to determine the frequency of separate clones-when separate tumor foci showed discordant ERG and/or SPINK1 status-in discontinuously involved prostate biopsy cores from two academic institutions. In our cohort of 97 prostate biopsy cores with spatially discrete tumor foci (from 80 patients), discontinuous cancer involvement including intervening tissue ranged from 20 to 100% and Gleason scores ranged from 6 to 9. Twenty-four (25%) of 97 discontinuously involved cores harbored clonally distinct cancer foci by discordant ERG and/or SPINK1 expression status: 58% (14/24) had one ERG(+) focus, and one ERG(-)/SPINK1(-) focus; 29% (7/24) had one SPINK1(+) focus and one ERG(-)/SPINK1(-) focus; and 13% (3/24) had one ERG(+) focus and one SPINK1(+) focus. ERG and SPINK1 overexpression were mutually exclusive in all tumor foci. In summary, our results show that ~25% of discontinuously involved prostate biopsy cores showed tumor foci with discordant ERG/SPINK1 status, consistent with multiclonal disease. The relatively frequent presence of multiclonality in discontinuously involved prostate biopsy cores warrants studies on the potential clinical impact of clonality assessment, particularly in cases where tumor volume in a discontinuous core may impact active surveillance eligibility.
Short- and medium-range order in amorphous Zr 2 Ni metallic alloy

Icosahedral clusters are commonly believed to be the key building blocks in many metallic glasses. Here we propose a structural model for ${\text{Zr}}_{2}\text{Ni}$ metallic glass which has a small fraction of icosahedral clusters. By analyzing the correlation between the local structure and dynamics in the undercooled liquid and glass, we show that the formation of metallic glass in this system can be attributed to the slow dynamics of $⟨0,2,8,1⟩$ and $⟨0,2,8,2⟩$ Ni-centered Voronoi polyhedra. There is a high proportion of less mobile $⟨0,2,8,4⟩$, $⟨0,2,8,5⟩$, $⟨0,1,10,4⟩$, and $⟨0,1,10,3⟩$ Zr-centered clusters on the first shell of the two types of Ni-centered clusters. These special Ni- and Zr-centered clusters arrange together to form a stringlike backbone network in the metallic glass.
Room temperature plasmon laser

We report plasmon lasers with strong cavity feedback and optical confinement to 1/20th wavelength. Strong feedback arises from total internal reflection of plasmons, while confinement enhances the spontaneous emission rate by up to 18 times.
Mental Nursing Experience on 97 Parturient Women with Cesarean Section after Earthquake

As a stressor, operation often causes strong physiological and psychological response in patients.The strong reactions not only produce harmful effect on nerve, endocrine, and circulatory system, but hinder the surgery and postoperative rehabilitation. Cesarean section is also a stressor.Pregnant women have been suffering from double psychological pressure by the sudden earthquake of 5.12.The nursing staff paid more attention to mental nursing, carried out humanized nursing service, and fully mobilized their subjective initiative and enthusiasm.As a result, no complications occurred, all the mothers and children discharged safely.
Stability Limit of Water by Metastable Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium with Nanoporous Silicon Membranes.

Liquid can sustain mechanical tension as its pressure drops below the vapor–liquid coexistence line and becomes less than zero, until it reaches the stability limit—the pressure at which cavitation inevitably occurs. For liquid water, its stability limit is still a subject of debate: the results obtained by researchers using a variety of techniques show discrepancies between the values of the stability limit and its temperature dependence as temperature approaches 0 °C. In this work, we present a study of the stability limit of water by the metastable vapor–liquid equilibrium (MVLE) method with nanoporous silicon membranes. We also report on an experimental system which enables tests of the temperature dependence of the stability limit with MVLE. The stability limit we found increases monotonically (larger tension) as temperature approaches 0 °C; this trend contradicts the centrifugal result of Briggs but agrees with the experiments by acoustic cavitation. This result confirms that a quasi-static method c...
An examination of non-linear and passive technology transfer in the space sector: Consideration of the Contingent Effectiveness Model as a basis for formal modeling

Abstract Technology transfer has been a cornerstone of the justification for public expenditure of space technology development programs since at least the creation of NASA out of its predecessor agencies. Research into its mechanisms has, however, been largely qualitative and focused on actively managed, one-way transfer of technology from agencies to industry. In this paper we consider the effects of a wider range of mechanisms by which space agencies affect the technical knowledgebase, and examine the Contingent Effectiveness Model as a useful framework for formalizing comparative analysis of transfers.
Motor imagery classification by means of source analysis methods

We report our investigation of classification of imagined left and right hand movements by applying source analysis methods. Independent component analysis (ICA) is used as a spatio-temporal filter, then equivalent dipole analysis and cortical current density imaging methods are applied to reconstruct equivalent sources, to aid classification of motor imagery tasks in a human subject. The classification was considered correct if the equivalent source was found over the motor cortex in the corresponding hemisphere. A classification rate of about 80% was achieved in the human subject studied using both the equivalent dipole analysis and the cortical current density imaging analysis.
Testing the Efficacy of a Tier 2 Mathematics Intervention: A Conceptual Replication Study

The purpose of this closely aligned conceptual replication study was to investigate the efficacy of a Tier 2 kindergarten mathematics intervention. The replication study differed from the initial randomized controlled trial on three important elements: geographical region, timing of the intervention, and instructional context of the counterfactual. Similar to the original investigation, however, the current study tested the same intervention, used the same outcome measures and statistical analyses, and involved the same population of learners. A total of 319 kindergarten students with mathematics difficulties from 36 kindergarten classrooms participated in the study. Students who were randomly assigned to the treatment condition received the intervention in small-group formats, with 2 or 5 students per group. Control students participated in a no-treatment control condition. Significant effects on proximal and distal measures of mathematics achievement were found. Effect sizes obtained for all measures fe...
The Warren Court, Criminal Procedure Reform, and Retributive Punishment

The Warren Court's legacy in criminal justice is largely one of increasing constitutional regulation of criminal procedure rather than substantive criminal law or punishment. In this symposium contribution, Professor Brown argues that, more than three decades after Warren's resignation, the effect of that effort to improve overall criminal justice is uncertain at best. In an example of unintended consequences, that reform effort bears indirect responsibility for shifting criminal justice toward its current, harshly punitive orientation. Perversely, the Warren Cour's criminal procedure decisions helped prompt a popular-political response that moved criminal justice from its long-standing commitment to rehabilitation toward the current focus on deterrence, incapacitation and retributivism through the mechanism of severe sentencing policies. Normative gains the criminal justice system saw through procedural advances such as right to counsel have been offset by policy shifts in substantive criminal law and punishment that the Warren Court left to the political branches.