cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1,-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (methyl CCNU) and adriamycin combination therapy.

Methyl CCNU and Adriamycin have dissimilar patterns of myelosuppression and different mechanisms of antitumor activity. A clinical trial of the combination was undertaken on this basis. Methyl CCNU (150–200 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (40–90 mg/m2) were administered at 5–6-week intervals. Thirty-one patients (26 with breast cancer) were treated. Toxicity patterns were comparable to previous reports for the two agents. Myelosuppression was common (leukopenia 13/16; thrombocytopenia 10/16) but unassociated with complications. The leukopenic and thrombocytopenic nadirs occurred at 2 weeks and were consistent with that observed for Adriamycin, with a delayed recovery (5–6 weeks) related to the nitrosourea. Cumulative marrow suppression was suggested by the earlier nadirs with successive courses of therapy. Five objective responses occurred (CR 2, PR 3) and stabilization of disease was achieved in an additional 5 patients. The low level of activity of nitrosoureas in breast cancer and the extensive prior treatment may account for the low response rate to this combination.
Rainfall Variability and Twareg Perceptions of Climate Impacts in Niger

A survey was conducted among the pastoral Twareg of Niger on their perceptions of rainfall impacts for each year from 1947 through 1988. The herders saw drought as a prolonged process with a multi-year onset that culminated in a single year of extreme crisis and abated gradually. The identified crisis years, 1973 and 1984, corresponded with historical rainfall data that showed each of these to have been the second consecutive year of extreme drought. Single years of drought, which may have served as red-flag signals of impending crisis scenarios, were not identified by the herders. Rainfall measurements from the zone of extensive cultivation, south of the pastoral habitat, did not correlate well with key crisis years or the herders' perceptions. Neither did national-level livestock market statistics. It was concluded that rainfall was a reliable indicator for a drought early warning system for the northern Sahel, provided that the measurements were taken from an ecologically-defined pastoral habitat.
Construction and characterization of three yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors designed for rapid subcloning of yeast genes on small DNA fragments

Abstract We have constructed three new subcloning plasmid vectors, pRC1, pRC2, and pRC3, derived from pKC7, which allow the rapid, single-step subcloning of yeast genes. Subcloning with these vectors utilizes a partial digestion with Sau3A to generate a quasi-random set of DNA fragments from the original plasmid. All three vectors contain a kanamycin resistance gene. Therefore, if the original cloned yeast DNA fragment is present in a vector that does not specify kanamycin resistance, the subclone pool can be propagated in Escherichia coli in the presence of kanamycin to select against parent plasmids that escaped restriction by Sau3A. Selection by complementation in yeast yields a collection of plasmids with smaller yeast DNA inserts containing the gene of interest. In the vectors pRC2 and pRC3, constructed from pRCl, the unique BamHI site is located within an intact tetracycline resistance gene, thus making it possible to screen bacterial transformants for those containing recombinant plasmid molecules. Vectors pRC2 and pRC3 also contain the yeast 2 μm DNA replication origin, and thus are more stable than plasmids carrying only the TRP1-associated replicator (ars1).
Broadband noncollinear optical parametric amplification without angularly dispersed idler

We report a new scheme for direct generation of broadband angular-dispersion-free mid-IR idler pulses via noncollinear optical parametric amplification when group-velocity matched wavelengths cannot be found and the traditional noncollinear geometry fails to increase the phase-matching bandwidth. The scheme does not require any post-amplification idler angular dispersion compensation. We derive and interpret the condition for broadband amplification and absence of idler angular dispersion. A broadband angular-dispersion-free 2.15 μm idler pulse is generated as an experimental demonstration. We identify the potential of the scheme to generate a broadband 3.5 μm idler, with a bandwidth supporting a sub-two-cycle pulse.
“Her body was my country”: Gender and Cuban-American exile-community nationalist identity in the work of Gustavo Pérez Firmat

In this essay, I examine the work of Gustavo Perez Firmat, a well-published, exile-identified Cuban-American writer. In many ways, his Next Year in Cuba: A Cubano's Coming-of-Age in America and his Life on the Hyphen: The Cuban American Way are illustrative of the exile-imagined nation. In these texts, Perez Firmat, like many exile writers, locates the “real” Cuba in a grand past and a triumphant future – a future without Castro. He employs a disturbing sort of erasure that claims Cuba for “real” Cubans, that is, those elites who left after the revolution. To a startling degree, Perez Firmat participates in the acutely gendered dimensions of Cuban exile-community nationalism and politics, even as he constructs a complex sense of biculturated identity. His work, which includes essay, criticism, fiction and poetry, continues to configure Cuba as a mother – often fearsome and castrating. However, Perez Firmat defines Cuban and Cuban-American identity not merely as a matter of male honor, but as a matter of white, male privilege and unquestioned, hyper-heterosexual masculinity. In Perez Firmat's work, maternal bodies – coded as monstrous or as part of Cuba's oceanic landscape itself – serve to illustrate a sense of emasculation and powerlessness.
Energy flow in networks

Abstract All networks are formed by the use of dissipators and storage elements. In addition, in order to couple one network with another, transformers and transducers are utilized. These facts are well known in the electrical field, but not so well known in the other disciplines. The purpose of this general paper is to show how some common devices may be coupled one to the other to form energy networks. The mathematics of coupling follows the work of Oskar Lange in which a general mode of mathematical description for all networks is developed, through the use of matrix algebra. Two simple examples are developed in the paper which are soluble without computer assistance. However, the greatest advantage of the technique is its compactness of notation and the ability to extend the technique to large and complex networks.
HABITAT PATCHINESS AND THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF AN INSECT HERBIVORE

I examine how habitat patchiness influences the distribution, abundance, and spatial dynamics of the geometrid moth Itame andersoni in the Wrangell Mountains of Alaska. Itame inhabits a subdivided habitat created by patches of its host plant Dryas drummondii (Rosaceae) growing on bare ground. Habitat subdivision occurs both on the patch scale and on the larger spatial scale of sites due to patchy successional patterns. I surveyed five distinct sites to examine the relationships between plant patch size, patch isolation, Itame density, and pupal mass. I censused Itame caterpillar density in over 200 plant patches for 1-3 years and found that densities were highest in medium-sized Dryas patches and lowest in very large "carpets" of Dryas. Isolated and small patches had high variance in density leading to lower mean densities. In contrast to density, pupal masses were highest in the largest patches, indicating a positive effect of patch size on individual fecundity, which was highly correlated with pupal mass. Results from the survey, as well as experimental manipulations of density, showed that Itame density had a negative effect on pupal mass. By using observed caterpillar densities and pupal masses to predict egg densities, I determined that the variance in pupal masses between patches was not sufficient to explain the observed density-dependent population dynamics. Thus it appears that cat- erpillar density itself has more important population-level impacts than does pupal mass. Contrary to predictions in the literature, this leads to the conclusion that smaller plant patches and the subdivided habitat that they constitute are disproportionally important for Itame populations. Temporal population dynamics were fairly synchronous between Dryas patches within sites but asynchronous between sites separated by >0.5 km, suggesting that sites may form distinct populations of Itame. This work shows the direct impacts of even very small-scale habitat patchiness on species distribution and abundance and how effects at the small spatial scale may combine with effects of larger scale subdivision to determine population structure.
On the hill stability of motion in the three-body problem

We consider the special case of the three-body problem where the mass of one of the bodies is considerably smaller than the masses of the other two bodies and investigate the relationship between the Lagrange stability of a pair of massive bodies and the Hill stability of the system of three bodies. We prove a theorem on the existence of Hill stable motions in the case considered. We draw an analogy with the restricted three-body problem. The theorem obtained allows one to conclude that there exist Hill stable motions for the elliptic restricted three-body problem.
Exploring sequenced chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract.

Abstract This phase I trial evaluated the two-drug regimen doxorubicin and gemcitabine (AG) every other week for six cycles followed by ifosfamide, paclitaxel and cisplatin (ITP) every 3 weeks for four cycles in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. 15 patients were treated at five AG dose levels ranging up to doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 and gemcitabine 2000 mg/m 2 . The dose and schedule of ITP were constant at ifosfamide 1500 mg/m 2 on days 1–3 and paclitaxel 200 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 70 mg/m 2 on day 1. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was self-administered between all cycles of therapy. The trial determined that AG given at alternating weeks at doses of doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 and gemcitabine 2000 mg/m 2 was feasible. After completion of the AG–ITP sequence, 9 of 14 (64%) evaluable patients had a major response (3 complete responses and 6 partial responses). Phase II investigation at the highest dose level is ongoing.
A Multimarker Panel Improves Risk Prediction in Chronic Heart Failure

A Multimarker Panel Improves Risk Prediction in Chronic Heart Failure Bonnie Ky, Benjamin French, James C. Fang, Nancy K. Sweitzer, Wayne C. Levy, AlanH.B.Wu, LeeR.Goldberg,Mariell Jessup, ThomasP.Cappola; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH; Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
A convenient procedure for the synthesis of O6-benzylguanine derivatives by phase transfer catalysis

Abstract A convenient procedure by phase transfer catalysis has been developed for the synthesis of O6-BG (1) and its derivatives hydroxymethyl-BG (2a–c), halo-BG (3a–c, 4a–c, 5a–c, 6a–c), methoxy-BG (7), and methyl-BG (8). Compounds 2b, 2c, 4b, 4c, 5b, 5c, 6a, and 6c are new compounds.
Flexible Charging Optimization for Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Grid Constraints

In this paper, the basic functions of an electric vehicle charging service provider are described with a focus on the associated optimization problems. A novel method of planning the charging of electric drive vehicles including electricity grid constraints, both voltage and power, is shown. The method establishes an individual charging plan for each vehicle and avoids distribution grid congestion while satisfying the requirements of the individual vehicle owners. The concepts proposed in this paper are tested on a simulated electricity grid. It is shown that both power and voltage constraints due to electric vehicle charging can be avoided using the proposed method.
Analytical Estimates of Gravity Field via Flybys

during the last decade, and a number of mission studies, actual missions, and planned future missions are studied and discussed. The most crucial task of a spacecraft upon arriving a small body is to determine the strength of the body’s gravity eld. In doing so, the gravitational parameter of the body is estimated along with the spacecraft dynamics, spin state, and higher order gravity elds. Instead of relying on a complete numerical covariance analysis for the design of this initial yby, we are studying the use of analytical approximations for the estimation precision of the gravity eld. In this paper, we rst evaluate the eectiveness of performing a maneuver during a yby to break the scale invariance associated with optical-only observations. The motivation of this study comes from eliminating the lidar measurement onboard the spacecraft. We also propose a new analytical technique for the gravitational parameter and test it against a full least-squares covariance analysis.
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Dor Fundoplication for Achalasia: Analysis of Successes and Failures

Background In the treatment of achalasia, surgery has been traditionally reserved for patients with residual dysphagia after pneumatic dilatation. The results of laparoscopic Heller myotomy have proven to be so good, however, that most experts now consider surgery the primary treatment. Hypothesis The outcome of laparoscopic myotomy and fundoplication for achalasia is dictated by technical factors. Setting University hospital tertiary care center. Design Retrospective study. Patients and Methods One hundred two patients with esophageal achalasia underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication. Fifty-seven patients had been previously treated by pneumatic dilatation or botulinum toxin. The design of the operation involved a 7-cm myotomy, which extended 1.5 cm onto the gastric wall, and a Dor fundoplication. Esophagrams, esophageal manometric findings, and video records of the procedure were analyzed to determine the technical factors that contributed to the clinical success or failure of the operation. Main Outcome Measure Swallowing status. Results In 91 (89%) of the 102 patients, good or excellent results were obtained after the first operation. A second operation was performed in 5 patients to either lengthen the myotomy (3 patients) or take down the fundoplication (2 patients). Dysphagia resolved in 4 of these patients. The remaining 6 patients were treated by pneumatic dilatation, but dysphagia improved in only 1. At the conclusion of treatment, excellent or good results had been obtained in 96 (94%) of the 102 patients. Conclusions These data show that a Heller myotomy was unsuccessful in patients with an esophageal stricture; a short myotomy and a constricting Dor fundoplication were the avoidable causes of residual dysphagia; a second operation, but not pneumatic dilatation, was able to correct most failures; and that the identified technical flaws were eliminated from the last half of the patients in the series.
Estimating zero‐g flow rates in open channels having capillary pumping vanes

In vane-type surface tension propellant management devices (PMD) commonly used in satellite fuel tanks, the propellant is transported along guiding vanes from a reservoir at the inlet of the device to a sump at the outlet from where it is pumped to the satellite engine. The pressure gradient driving this free-surface flow under zero-gravity (zero-g) conditions is generated by surface tension and is related to the differential curvatures of the propellant-gas interface at the inlet and outlet of the PMD. A new semi-analytical procedure is prescribed for accurately calculating the extremely small fuel flow rates under reasonably idealized conditions. Convergence of the algorithm is demonstrated by detailed numerical calculations. Owing to the substantial cost and the technical hurdles involved in accurately estimating these minuscule flow rates by either direct numerical simulation or by experimental methods which simulate zero-g conditions in the lab, it is expected that the proposed method will be an indispensable tool in the design and operation of satellite fuel tanks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for secondary central nervous system lymphoma: many are called, but few are chosen

Relapse of systemic lymphoma within the central nervous system (CNS) is a devastating event with very few long-term survivors after treatment with conventional therapy. High-dose chemotherapy employing CNS-penetrating agents with autologous stem cell support has demonstrated promise in prospective
THE TREATMENT OF INTEREST AND FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES IN THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS: THE OLD “BUNDLE” VERSUS THE NEW “UNBUNDLE” APPROACH

As is widely recognized both in the literature and by the practitioners, the treatment of financial intermediaries has been one of the most controversial issues in national accounting. This has been so largely because no one up to now has been able to define the output of banks and other financial intermediaries. In the present paper, a theory of services in general and of financial services in particular is used to demonstrate that financial intermediaries produce at least six commodity type services. Furthermore, it is argued that in order to solve the banking imputation problem it is necessary to separate the theory of interest rates from the theory of financial services and examine the interdependence between them. The gross interest rate must be unbundled because it contains three distinct components. These are, first, the pure interest rate, which reflects payment for a factor-type service; second, payments for six commodity-type services, which reflect the output of financial intermediaries; and, third, payments for unilateral transfers. The new unbundled approach is contrasted to the old bundle approach used and/or advocated by standard economic theory, the SNA, Sunga and the Ruggleses. Furthermore, it is recommended that payments for the pure interest rate be considered as part of income of the paying enterprise or sector while payments for financial services by enterprises to other enterprises should be considered as intermediate purchases.
Constitutive modeling of damage accumulation and fracture in multiphase materials

Abstract The dominant mechanisms of energy dissipation associated with the deformation processes preceding and accompanying failure in multiphase materials, the so-called pre-fracture processes, are described quantitatively as the evolution of microdefects randomly distributed in the volume of specimen. Damage kinetics in a composite material are studied in detail. It is demonstrated that a large number of secondary discontinuities present in multiphase materials, such as matrix cracks, debonding of particulates and/or fibers, fiber breaking, bridging and fiber pull-out, enhance the apparent material resistance to the continuing growth of damage. Constitutive modeling of these effects incorporates the basic concepts of Continuous Damage Mechanics and it leads to an integro-differential equation which governs the evolution of the microdefects, their coalescence and interaction with the dominant crack-like defect and finally, the ensuing time-dependent fracture of the component. The principal evolution equation is solved by finite difference and finite element methods. Results pertaining to various crack growth histories are then used as the data-base sufficient to suggest a closed form solution which defines the material resistance curve, or an ‘R-curve’ routinely used in Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics as a standard for evaluation of fracture response in nonelastic metals. In this way we are able to propose a unified theory explaining enhancement of the fracture toughness during the early stages of failure in all dissipative media.
Recirculating beam-breakup thresholds for polarized higher-order modes with optical coupling

Here we will derive the general theory of the beam-breakup (BBU) instability in recirculating linear accelerators with coupled beam optics and with polarized higher-order dipole modes. The bunches do not have to be at the same radio-frequency phase during each recirculation turn. This is important for the description of energy recovery linacs (ERLs) where beam currents become very large and coupled optics are used on purpose to increase the threshold current. This theory can be used for the analysis of phase errors of recirculated bunches, and of errors in the optical coupling arrangement. It is shown how the threshold current for a given linac can be computed and a remarkable agreement with tracking data is demonstrated. General formulas are then analyzed for several analytically solvable problems: (a) Why can different higher order modes (HOM) in one cavity couple and why can they then not be considered individually, even when their frequencies are separated by much more than the resonance widths of the HOMs? For the Cornell ERL as an example, it is noted that optimum advantage is taken of coupled optics when the cavities are designed with an x-y HOM frequency splitting of above 50 MHz. The simulated threshold current is then far above the design current of this accelerator. To justify that the simulation can represent an actual accelerator, we simulate cavities with 1 to 8 modes and show that using a limited number of modes is reasonable. (b) How does the x-y coupling in the particle optics determine when modes can be considered separately? (c) How much of an increase in threshold current can be obtained by coupled optics and why does the threshold current for polarized modes diminish roughly with the square root of the HOMs’ quality factors. Because of this square root scaling, polarized modes with coupled optics increase the threshold current more effectively for cavities that have rather large HOM quality factors, e.g. those without very elaborate HOM absorbers. (d) How does multiple-turn recirculation interfere with the threshold improvements obtained with a coupled optics? Furthermore, the orbit deviations produced by cavity misalignments are also generalized to coupled optics. It is shown that the BBU instability always occurs before the orbit excursion becomes very large.
Solution properties and structure of brain proteolipids.

Bovine white matter proteolipids have been studied by several physical methods and have been found to exist as micelles in 2: 1 (v/v) chloroform-methanol solution. The data would indicate the existence of a critical micelle concentration at 0.017-0.022 g/100 ml. The curve appears linear in the range 0.017-0.2 g/100 ml, but from the data at higher concentrations it would appear that a change in slope is occurring in the region 0.2-0.3 g/100 ml. Light-scattering measurements on 2: 1 (v/v) chloroformmethanol solutions containing more than 0.2 g/100 ml of proteolipid yielded a weightaverage aggregate weight of 2.9 X 108 and a radius of gyration of 645 A. The intrinsic viscosity of the solutions was 0.32 dl/g and the Huggins constant was 1.085. Lightscattering measurements in 88.5% formic acid-0.5M sodium formate yielded a weightaverage aggregate weight of 7.1 X 106 and a radius of gyration of 241 A. The intrinsic viscosity observed for this solvent system is 0.14 dl/g and the Huggins constant is 1.005. Osmotic pressure measurements in 2 : 1 (v/v) chloroform-methanol containing less than 0.2 g/100 ml of proteolipid yielded a number-average aggregate weight of 7.2 X lo4 Ultracentrifugal analysis in 1.5: 1 (v/v) methylene chloridemethanol showed two broad peaks with s values of s~.~% = 25.05 S, s2% = 19.79 S for the minor peak and s1.5%.2% = 1.86 S for the major peak. Optical rotatory dispersion studies revealed large changes in bo with change in solvent and proteolipid concentration. The present data suggest that the mode of attachment of protein to lipid is primarily of a noncovalent type. The results of this investigation also suggest that the proteolipid micelle above 0.2 g/lW ml is cylindrical (prolate ellipsoid) in 2: 1 (v/v) chloroform-methanol and approaches a more spherical shape in 88.5% formic acid. A structure for the proteolipid micellar complex above concentrations of 0.2 g/100 ml is proposed.
Length of residence, age and patterns of medicinal plant knowledge and use among women in the urban Amazon

Background This paper explores patterns of women’s medicinal plant knowledge and use in an urban area of the Brazilian Amazon. Specifically, this paper examines the relationship between a woman’s age and her use and knowledge of medicinal plants. It also examines whether length of residence in three different areas of the Amazon is correlated with a woman’s use and knowledge of medicinal plants. Two of the areas where respondents may have resided, the jungle/seringal and farms/colonias, are classified as rural. The third area (which all of the respondents resided in) was urban.
Estimators of the Nakagami-m parameter and performance analysis

The Nakagami-m parameter is known to capture the envelope distribution of various fading channel conditions in wireless communications. The value of m is indicative of the severity of fading, and is a measure of channel quality, making its estimation necessary in many applications. In this paper, we summarize the existing estimators for the Nakagami-m parameter and propose a new class of estimators, whose performance is analyzed by deriving the asymptotic variance and comparing with the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Moreover, we develop a novel estimator robust to the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or any other additive noise with a symmetrical distribution. We also discuss practical issues not previously addressed in the literature including adaptation and computational complexity of these estimators. We conclude that our novel integer-moment based estimators are the best choice from a computational complexity and performance point of view. Simulation results corroborate our analysis.
Statistical Properties of Social Networks

In this chapter we describe patterns that occur in the structure of social networks, represented as graphs. We describe two main classes of properties, static properties, or properties describing the structure of snapshots of graphs; and dynamic properties, properties describing how the structure evolves over time. These properties may be for unweighted or weighted graphs, where weights may represent multi-edges (e.g. multiple phone calls from one person to another), or edge weights (e.g. monetary amounts between a donor and a recipient in a political donation network).
The six year experience of plasmapheresis in patients with myasthenia gravis.

: Plasmapheresis (PP) effectively removes autoantibodies in various autoimmune diseases. The use of PP in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) has been widely accepted since the 1970s. The treatment protocol, however, has not been standardized. For the last 6 years, we collected a total of 94 MG patients, 38 males and 56 females aged 14–80 years, who received 175 courses of PP treatment for a total of 823 sessions. The methods we used were double filtration plasmapheresis (DF), immunoadsorption plasmapheresis (IA), and plasma exchange (PE). There were 167 courses of DF, 6 courses of IA, and 2 courses of PE. Each course of treatment consists of 4 to 5 sessions of apheresis. The processed volume of plasma is 1 calculated plasma volume. All patients tolerated PP well although 2.3% of them experienced hypotension. Our experiences are summarized as follows. Both DF and IA effectively ameliorate symptoms and signs of MG. IA removes acetylcholine receptor antibody more effectively than DF does, but clinical effects between these 2 methods are similar. A daily schedule seems more effective than an alternate daily schedule. The optimal number of PP sessions for each course is 4. The factors correlating with better clinical response are high MG score, nonthymoma patients, younger age at onset, and higher removal rate for immunoglobulin G.
Brief Report: Unintentional Injury Risk among Children with Sensory Impairments

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric injuries result from a multifaceted process involving a range of individual, interpersonal, and environmental influences. One risk that remains poorly understood is the role of children's perception and perceptual disabilities. METHODS: Injury counts (parent-report of injuries requiring professional medical treatment over the past year) in three groups of children were compared: those without vision or hearing sensory impairments, those with deficits who use eyeglasses or hearing aids, and those with deficits who do not use aids as recommended. A national sample of 7391 5-year-olds in the National Head Start/Public School Early Childhood Transition Demonstration Study was studied. RESULTS: Injury counts over the past year were higher among children with sensory impairments, and higher still among children with sensory impairments who did not use prescribed sensory aids. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of increased injury risk among children with hearing and vision impairment could help professionals protect children from injury. Language: en
Block copolymer containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(4-vinylpyridine): Synthesis and its interaction with CdSe quantum dots for hybrid organic applications

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer was synthesized by RAFT polymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine using a trithiocarbonate-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) macro-RAFT agent. The optoelectronic properties and the morphology of the block copolymer blends with CdSe quantum dots were investigated. UV-vis and fluorescence experiments were performed to prove the charge transfer between CdSe and poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Autoantibodies to colonic cells and subcellular fractions in inflammatory bowel disease: do they exist?

Abstract Previous observations have purported to demonstrate circulating antibodies which bind to colon epithelial cells. However, the significance and reproducibility of such observations has been difficult and the data often phenomenological. To further our understanding of such autoreactivity, we studied sera and purified serum immunoglobulins from patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis and other inflammatory diseases, as well as normal volunteers using as a target, well-defined epithelial cell preparations from normal and diseased colon and small bowel including crude suspensions of homogenized cells, purified and characterized brush border membranes, basolateral membranes and a DEAE cellulose column purified protein fraction. Homogenates of normal liver, lung, kidney, thymus, pancreas, stomach and small and large intestine, obtained at surgery, were also included. The purified preparations were characterized by enzyme activity and were electrophoresed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels for immunoblotting. Additional studies were carried out comparing these findings with those of a previously published and described ‘positive’ colon target preparation and polyclonal antibody. There was no convincing demonstration of circulating autoantibodies in patients with ulcerative colitis. Our data, using well-defined and characterized tissue preparations, raises doubts regarding the presumptive demonstration of autoantibodies in ulcerative colitis.
The Interplay of Genetics, Exercise, and Nutrition in Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy

Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM), identified in 1992 in a subset of horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis, is a glycogenosis characterized by amylase-resistant polysaccharide in a small number of skeletal muscle fibers along with 1.5 to 4 times normal muscle glycogen. Extensive biochemical and physiological analyses failed to identify defects in glycogenolysis and glycolysis. In 2008, a genome-wide association analysis detected a locus on equine chromosome 10 that was strongly associated with the PSSM in Quarter Horses. Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), which encodes the skeletal muscle isoform of glycogen synthase (GS), was a strong candidate gene for PSSM based on its location on equine chromosome 10. Sequencing of the GYS1 gene in PSSM and control Quarter Horses identified only one single base-pair change that resulted in an amino acid substitution in the GS enzyme. Mean GS activity was higher in PSSM than control muscle homogenates in both the presence and absence of the allosteric activator glucose 6-phosphate, suggesting that the GS enzyme in horses with PSSM is constitutively active. High-grain diets increase serum insulin concentrations which further act to stimulate GS activity. An restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for the GYS1 mutation showed that 10% of the Quarter Horse breed and a minimum of 20 other breeds have the GYS1 mutation. Muscle biopsies obtained after 20 minutes of aerobic exercise revealed much higher inosine monophosphate concentrations and lower adenosine monophosphate in whole muscle and single fibers from PSSM as compared with control horse muscle. Thus, the GYS1 mutation responsible for PSSM seems to cause an energy imbalance exacerbated by high-grain diets, which results in adenine nucleotide degradation in individual muscle fibers of horses with PSSM during submaximal exercise.
Thermodynamic Behavior of Water from Soft-Cell Theory

A soft-cell concept is introduced into cell theory to describe the deformable nature of water. The intermolecular vibration energy of water derived from soft-cell theory is applied to a simple energy model to explore hydrogen-bonding and associated thermodynamic properties. This study is able to accurately predict the temperature and pressure dependences of hydrogen-bonding in water and explains the distinctive thermodynamic behaviors of water in relation to hydrogen-bonding energy and intermolecular vibration energy.
Polymorphism as an emerging design strategy for high performance organic electronics

Organic electronics is a promising field spanning a wide range of applications, with unrivaled advantages in low production cost, versatility in material synthesis, and compatibility with a wide range of substrates including flexible polymeric materials. Organic molecules are characterized by weak van der Waals interactions, which grant access to multiple crystalline packing states (crystal polymorphism) at near ambient conditions. Different polymorphs, even with the slightest changes in their molecular packing can have electronic properties that differ by orders of magnitude. Therefore, accessing metastable polymorphs can serve as a novel design strategy for attaining high device performance. Recently, this strategy has been successfully applied to small organic molecules such as 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) and high hole mobilities have been attained in organic field-effect transistors fabricated using their metastable structures. In addition, polymorphism serves as an excellent platform for advancing the fundamental understanding of charge transport in π-conjugated systems. The relationship between molecular packing and charge transport can be unequivocally established since the chemical structures are identical amongst polymorphs, leaving molecular packing as the only variable in the case of packing polymorphism.
A 200-MHz 4-phase fully integrated voltage regulator with local ground sensing dual loop ZDS hysteretic control using 6.5nH package bondwire inductors on 65nm bulk CMOS

This paper presents a 200MHz 4-phase fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR) with 6.5nH package bondwire inductors. With an on-chip delay-locked loop (DLL) for phase synchronization, the proposed FIVR employs a cost-effective local ground sensing feedforward control loop for high speed load transient sensing and a ZDS hysteretic feedback control loop for accurate voltage regulation, independently achieving a dual-loop compensated operation within each sub-converter. Implemented on a standard 65nm bulk CMOS process, the FIVR delivers a peak efficiency of 84.2% at 256mW, with a maximum power density of 670mW/mm2. In response to a 280mA/120ps load step, the FIVR settles within 11ns with 78mV droop. To our best knowledge, this is 2.7 times faster than the best design despite 1.8 times larger load step, while facilitating the use of 1.3 times smaller on-chip capacitor.
Inhibition of gastric secretion and motility by fat in the intestine.

SummaryWe examined the inhibitory effects of fat in the proximal small intestine on secretion and motility in the gastrin-stimulated canine Heidenhain pouch. Relatively small amounts of fatty acid and monoglyceride in micellar form or much larger amounts of triglyceride in an emulsified state inhibited both motility and secretion in the pouch when introduced into the gut by way of the stomach. Duodenectomy reduced the inhibitory potency with respect to motility but not secretion. Perfusion of duodenal or jejunal loops with micellar fat was associated with a still smaller inhibitory effect on secretion and was without effect on motility.
Errors in Official Responses to Anti-corruption Through Internet and Their Corrections

Anti-corruption through internet has become an important part of China's fight against corruption and effective official responses are of great significance to correctly guiding public opinions on the internet,strengthening the credibility of government and maintaining social stability.However,in practice,there exist many problems in official responses to anti-corruption through Internet such as concealing facts,slighting over netizens,delaying cases,responding blindly to cases,failing to respond and so on.To correct such errors in anti-corruption through internet,the official responsibility for information verification and response of network anti-corruption should be firstly defined.Secondly,a network information monitoring system with the discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels as its center should be established.Finally,the government should follow the principles of accuracy,timeliness,consistency and dynamics in responding to anticorruption through internet.
Blood Lead Level of Preschool Children in Urban Areas of Dazhou City

Objective To investigate the blood lead level and blood lead poison situation in 2-7 years old children in Dazhou City,So as to provide scientific data for making out control strategy.Methods Qusetionnaire and blood lead examination to 2-7 years old healthy children kindergartens in the urban areas of Dazhou City were made.Results Results showed that mean blood lead level was 141.4±68.6μg/L for children living in the urban areas in Dazhou City.The blood lead level of boy was 146.6±68.9μg/L,and that of girls was 134.6±67.6μg/L,showing no significant differences between boys and girls.The blood lead poisoning of children in Dazhou urban areas(68.85%)was higher than the average level of blood lead poisoning of children in our country(51.6%).Most of the poisoning children(76.33%)were mild intoxication.Conclusion Blood lead level of preschool children in the urban areas in Dazhou City is higher than that of the whole cities of China(88.3μg/L),which calls for special concern from socity.
Amplification of 100-fs pulses in alexandrite using chirped pulse techniques

The advent of chirped pulse amplification (CPA)1 has led to renewed interest In the development of solid state amplifiers for ultrashart pulses. The broad bandwidths and high energy storage capabilities of solid state materials such as alexandrite and Ti: sapphire point to the potential for these materials in the production of high energy femtosecond pulses. Recently, we reported on the generation of 300-fs pulses at the millijoule level in an alexandrite regenerative amplifier.2 We present new results extending the CPA technique to the generation of 106-fs pulses with peak powers of 20 GW.
Compassion for a Change: A Review of Research and Theory

Abstract Recent emphasis in research and theory building on compassion in organizations has not yet received sustained attention by organization development and change scholarship. Compassion at work, however, has been reported as instrumental in coaching, ad hoc organizing, prosocial behavior during challenging times, and other processes central to developing and changing organizations. It also has been theorized to bring about an untapped organizational capability, contribute to fostering a climate of workplace forgiveness, and to facilitate development of social entrepreneurship. In this essay, we begin to outline what the recent advances in the compassion literature offer researchers and practitioners of organization development and change. We briefly review how compassion is defined across different contexts, how it can be seen through a positive lens and within broader lines of inquiry on social and emotional dynamics at work, and how interpretive approaches to studying compassion might fit with the study of change. Seeing compassion scholarship as more than a specialized trend in positive organizational behavior, we offer ample opportunities for diverse and novel inquiry into development and change at work.
International Mass Communication Research: A Critical Review of Theory and Methods

(1982). International Mass Communication Research: A Critical Review of Theory and Methods. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 6, Communication Yearbook 6, pp. 531-554.
Response rates and durability of chemotherapy among 62 patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma

Cytotoxic chemotherapy is commonly used to treat advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, its efficacy in distant metastatic MCC patients is unclear, in part because most prior reports aggregated these patients with those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and combined chemoradiation for whom prognosis and outcomes may differ. In this retrospective study, we analyzed detailed records from 62 patients with distant metastatic MCC treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Efficacy outcomes including response rate (RR), durability of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. In this cohort, platinum plus etoposide was the most commonly used first-line regimen (69%). RR to first-line chemotherapy was 55% (34/62) with complete responses (CR) in 13% (8/62) and partial responses (PR) in 42% (26/62) while 6% (4/62) had stable disease and 39% (24/62) had progressive disease. Median PFS was 94 days and median OS was 9.5 months from start of chemotherapy. Among responding patients (n = 34), median PFS was 168 days and median DOR was 85 days. Among 30 of the 62 patients who received second-line chemotherapy, RR was 23% (7/30; 1 CR, 6 PR), median PFS was 61 days, and median DOR was 101 days. In summary, first-line chemotherapy is associated with a high RR in metastatic MCC, but responses are typically not durable, and the median PFS is only 3 months. These results suggest rapid emergence of chemoresistance in MCC tumors, and may serve as a useful comparator for immunotherapies currently being explored for metastatic MCC.
Micropapillary colorectal carcinoma: clinical, pathological and molecular properties, including evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Aims Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with micropapillary (MP) features has only been recently described and is still being characterized. Methods and Results We reviewed the clinicopathologic and molecular features of 42 CRC with MP features. Twenty-nine cases were also evaluated for immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The extent of MP features within our cohort ranged from 5% (13 cases) to 100% (1 case). Twenty-seven cases featured prominent cribriforming with dirty necrosis in the non-MP component; nine displayed mucinous features. Twenty-four of 29 cases (83%) demonstrated evidence of EMT. Thirty-six cases (86%) showed advanced T-category (pT3 or pT4), 31 (74%) had lymph node metastases, and 23 (55%) had distant metastases. Median overall follow-up was 36 months. Seventeen patients (40%) died of disease, with median survival of 23 months. Mutations were seen in 17 of 31 tested cases (55%), including 11 KRAS mutations and 4 BRAF V600E mutations. Microsatellite instability testing was performed on 21 cases; all were microsatellite-stable. Compared to a cohort of 972 conventional CRC, MP CRC was more likely to present as Stage IV disease (P<0.001), but patients with MP CRC showed no significant differences in overall survival after adjusting for stage. Conclusions MP features in CRC portend a high likelihood of advanced local disease and distant metastases. MP CRC is often associated with a cribriform pattern elsewhere in the tumour and cystic nodal metastases with prominent necrosis. They also show frequent mutations in KRAS and BRAF. Immunohistochemical evidence of EMT is common in MP CRC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Commissioning and operational results of helium refrigeration system at JLab for the 12GeV upgrade

The new 4.5 K refrigerator system at the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Central Helium Liquefier (CHL-2) for the 12 GeV upgrade was commissioned in late spring of 2013, following the commissioning of the new compressor system, and has been supporting 12 GeV LINAC commissioning since that time. Six design modes were tested during commissioning, consisting of a maximum capacity, nominal capacity, maximum liquefaction, maximum refrigeration, maximum fill and a stand-by/reduced load condition. The maximum capacity was designed to support a 238 g/s, 30 K and 1.16 bar cold compressor return flow, a 15 g/s, 4.5 K liquefaction load and a 12.6 kW, 35-55 K shield load. The other modes were selected to ensure proper component sizing and selection to allow the cold box to operate over a wide range of conditions and capacities. The cold box system is comprised of two physically independent cold boxes with interconnecting transfer-lines. The outside (upper) 300-60 K vertical cold box has no turbines and incorporates a liquid nitrogen pre-cooler and 80-K beds. The inside (lower) 60-4.5 K horizontal cold box houses seven turbines that are configured in four expansion stages including one Joule-Thompson expander and a 20-K bed. The helium compression system has five compressors to support three pressure levels in the cold box. This paper will summarize the analysis of the test data obtained over the wide range of operating conditions and capacities which were tested.
Imaging of pancreatic cancer: what the surgeon wants to know

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection is challenging because symptoms are relatively nonspecific. Imaging is vital in detecting and staging pancreatic tumors, and management depends on imaging findings. Radiologists should be aware of current surgical treatments for pancreatic neoplasms, as surgeons rely on interpretation of cross-sectional imaging for presurgical planning. Understanding postsurgical anatomy is critical to assess for complications and recurrence. This review will emphasize the role of the radiologist in planning for surgery and will review postoperative changes based on surgical intervention and common complications.