cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Fur, Aconitase, and Other Proteins Expressed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Conditions of Low and High Concentrations of Iron by Combined Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Iron plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To gain a better understanding of iron regulation by this organism, we have used two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and database searching to study protein expression in M. tuberculosis under conditions of high and low iron concentration. Proteins in cellular extracts from M. tuberculosis Erdman strain grown under low-iron (1 μM) and high-iron (70 μM) conditions were separated by 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which allowed high-resolution separation of several hundred proteins, as visualized by Coomassie staining. The expression of at least 15 proteins was induced, and the expression of at least 12 proteins was decreased under low-iron conditions. In-gel trypsin digestion was performed on these differentially expressed proteins, and the digestion mixtures were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to determine the molecular masses of the resulting tryptic peptides. Partial sequence data on some of the peptides were obtained by using after source decay and/or collision-induced dissociation. The fragmentation data were used to search computerized peptide mass and protein sequence databases for known proteins. Ten iron-regulated proteins were identified, including Fur and aconitase proteins, both of which are known to be regulated by iron in other bacterial systems. Our study shows that, where large protein sequence databases are available from genomic studies, the combined use of 2-D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and database searching to analyze proteins expressed under defined environmental conditions is a powerful tool for identifying expressed proteins and their physiologic relevance.
Dirhodium(II) Tetrakis[N‐phthaloyl‐(S)‐tert‐leucinate]

(S)-enantiomer [571147-57-4] (R)-enantiomer [380375-05-3] C56H60N4O16Rh2 (MW 1251) InChI = 1S/4C14H15NO4.2Rh/c4*1-14(2,3)10(13(18)19)15-11(16)8-6-4-5-7-9(8)12(15)17;;/h4*4-7,10H,1-3H3,(H,18,19);;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4/t4*10-;;/m0000../s1 InChIKey = PDTSLZCQKKXVQL-HXNMTVKDSA-J InChI = 1S/4C14H15NO4.2Rh/c4*1-14(2,3)10(13(18)19)15-11(16)8-6-4-5-7-9(8)12(15)17;;/h4*4-7,10H,1-3H3,(H,18,19);;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4/t4*10-;;/m1111../s1 InChIKey = PDTSLZCQKKXVQL-MYHKTDPMSA-J (chiral catalyst for enantioselective intramolecular CH insertion reactions, enantioselective intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and enantioselective [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement) Alternate Name: Rh2[(S)-PTTL]4 Solubility: soluble in dichloromethane, toluene and sparingly soluble in hydrocarbons. Form Supplied in: green solid. Preparative Methods: from dirhodium tetraacetate by ligand exchange with N-phthaloyl-(S)-tert-leucine according to the method of Callot.1 Purification: the title compound can be readily purified by column chromatography on silica gel with a hexanes/EtOAc solvent system (3∶2) to give a green solid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: air stable but hygroscopic.
The Effects of Spiritual/Religious Engagement on College Students' Affective Outcomes: Differences by Gender and Race

This study examines the general and differential effects of spiritual/religious engagement on affective college outcomes (i.e., leadership skills, interpersonal skills, social satisfaction, sense of belonging, and psychological well-being) across different gender and racial groups among undergraduate students at research universities. The study utilized data on 63,528 students who participated in the 2008 University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey (UCUES). The findings reveal differential effects of spiritual/religious engagement on college students' affective outcomes depending on their gender and race (i.e., gender- and race-based conditional effects). Implications for college students' spiritual development at public research universities and faith-based institutions are discussed.
Dissociation mechanism of a stable intermediate: perfluorohydroxylamine.

The mechanism of dissociation of F2NOF has been studied using density-functional (B3LYP, BB1K, and MPWB1K) and wave function methods (CCSD). Variational transition state theory was used to calculate the rate constants for cis-F2NOF → FNO + F2 (concerted), cis-F2NOF → F2NO + F, and cis-F2NOF → trans-F2NOF → F3NO. Rate constants were also calculated for the dissociation of F2NOF by using transition state theory. The enthalpies of the transitions states (CCSD(T)/cc-pVQZ//B3LYP/6-311+G(d)) were very close to the enthalpy of separated F2NO + F radicals which implies temperature-dependent competition between concerted rearrangement and fragmentation-recombination. The picture is further complicated by the fact that F2NO undergoes fragmentation into FNO + F with a very low barrier. Thus, formation of F3NO, the global minimum on the potential energy surface, can only occur by a concerted process (not from F2NO + F). The data were fit to a temperature-dependent rate in the range 200−1000 K in the form k2 = 8.14 × ...
ORGANIZATIONAL VARIABLES AND CONTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF LARGE PACs: A Longitudinal Analysis

Although there has been a good deal of research on PAC contribution behavior, to date there has been no effort to systematically evaluate the impact of various organizational characteristics of PACs on their contribution behavior over time. Using data from a newly released longitudinal file from the Federal Election Commission, I examine the impact of organizational variables on the contribution behavior of large PACs in three election cycles, and on changes in contribution behavior between these elections. I find that PAC type, size, age, and the presence of a Washington office are all important determinants of PAC contributions. Changes in organizational characteristics, particularly growth in revenues, are weakly related to change in contribution behavior, which seems to be primarily a response to changes in the strategic environment.
Accrual capital gains taxation and the lock-in effect

The recent literature on capital gains taxation suggests that assets are sold sooner when taxes are assessed and paid continuously rather than at the time of sale. Our analysis tends to support this view, for this suggestion is valid if the asset value function is convex or if it is concave and there is full or partial-loss-offset.
Temporal aspects of neural coding in the retina and lateral geniculate

The early stages of visual processing provide excellent models for the study of how information is represented in, and processed by, the activity of neurons. The fact that the retina contains both non-spiking and spiking neurons leads us to frame questions about neural coding in a general fashion, rather than in a manner specific either to point processes or continuous signals. In particular, we ask about the role of the statistical structure of the response, the extent to which the neural representation is 'literal', and how information content can be estimated from laboratory data. The broad theme that emerges from a review of experimental data is that each stage of visual processing is accompanied by new features, including adaptive filtering, feedback, rectification and spike generation. These dynamical elements allow an increasingly rich set of strategies for the representation and processing of visual information at retinal and thalamic levels.
Physical factors influencing catalase rate constants

Abstract The rate constants for the catalase-hydrogen peroxide reaction are determined as a function of temperature over the range +45° to −20° and as a function of viscosity of the medium over the range 0.87 to 80 centipoise at room temperature. Both an accelerated-flow mixing apparatus and Beckman cuvettes were used to determine the reaction rates. The results indicate that at room temperature the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex is accompanied by a negative entropy change of 24.6 mole −1 degree −1 , and is diffusion-controlled for viscosities higher than about 6 centipoise. The rate of formation of free enzyme plus products from the enzyme-substrate complex yields a straight-line Arrhenius plot with an observed heat of activation of 5.1 ± 0.6 kcal/mole.
Phagocytic signaling strategies: Fc(gamma)receptor-mediated phagocytosis as a model system.

Phagocytosis is a phylogenetically ancient process by which eukaryotic cells engulf insoluble substances whose size exceeds approximately 0.5 microm. The engulfment process requires the concerted action of several fundamental cellular pathways and is governed by multiple transmembrane signaling events. Here we focus on phagocytosis mediated by a well-studied class of phagocytic receptors that recognize the Fc portion of IgG (Fc(gamma)Rs ).
New drugs and vaccines.

he world health situation brought on by the HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis pidemics, in addition to favoring new tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics, has ad beneficial effects on development of new drugs for TB, an area which as lagged behind for decades. In addition, more research is being done n development of more effective TB vaccines. Finally, the World Health rganization and other interested groups have gone together in a ombined campaign called “The Global Plan To Stop TB, 2006-2015.” mong the specific goals of that plan are to develop the “first new TB rug for 40 years to be introduced in 2010, with a new short TB regimen 1-2 months) shortly after 2015,” and, “by 2015, a new, safe, effective and ffordable vaccine will be available with potential for a significant impact n TB control in later years.” The author of this section has greatly enefited from the recent release of a multi-authored two-volume textook.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Migraine: Epidemiology, Sex Differences, and Potential Mechanisms

Migraine is a common, often disabling disorder associated with a significant personal and societal burden. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may increase this disability substantially. Migraine and PTSD are both up to 3 times more common in women than in men. The divergence in prevalence rates of migraine and PTSD that occurs between the sexes after puberty suggests that gonadal hormones play an important role. In addition, the preponderance of PTSD in women may be related to their higher rates of interpersonal trauma, the most common cause of PTSD. However, recent data suggest that although the odds of PTSD are increased in both women and men with episodic migraine, this association is stronger in men than women. In this paper, we examine the epidemiology of PTSD and migraine, with an emphasis on the known sex differences. We then discuss the neurobiological changes associated with PTSD, the current hypotheses for the mechanisms relating PTSD and migraine, and the treatment implications of these findings.
Production of the spore-δ-endotoxin complex by variants of Bacillus thuringiensis in two fermentation media☆☆☆

Abstract The spore-δ-endotoxin complex of Bacillus thuringiensis was recovered from beers produced by 12 variants of this bacterium grown in two fermentation media. Activity could not be predicted from the variant, the amount of growth of the organism, or the medium. Also, the total amount of δ-endotoxin recovered and its concentration in the final product differed from variant to variant and between the two media. Activity, measured by bioassays, did not correspond with spore counts. Therefore, studies on the production of the δ-endotoxin in the B. thuringiensis fermentation will require the use of a bioassay. Similarly, the potency of the formulation of the B. thuringiensis -δ-endotoxin can be determined only by bioassay and cannot be predicted from serotype, fermentation medium, or spore count.
In vivo measurements of bone marrow cellularity using volume-localized proton NMR spectroscopy

Volume-localized proton NMR spectroscopy was used to estimate bone marrow cellularity in the posterior iliac crests of patients undergoing treatment with hematopoietic growth factors for a variety of hematologic and neoplastic disorders. Twelve patients were accrued, six of whom were studied more than once, yielding a total of 25 measurements. These data were compared to cellularity assessments derived from conventional bone marrow core biopsies obtained within a 24-h period before or after the NMR exam. The results obtained by the two methods are well correlated (R = 0.94, P < 0.001), suggesting that this noninvasive technique may preclude the need for biopsies in some cases. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Computational force, mass, and energy

This paper describes a correspondence between computational quantities commonly used to report computer performance measurements and mechanical quantities from classical Newtonian mechanics. It defines a set of three fundamental computational quantities that are sufficient to establish a system of computational measurement. From these quantities, it defines derived computational quantities that have analogous physical counterparts. These computational quantities obey three laws of motion in computational space. The solutions to the equations of motion, with appropriate boundary conditions, determine the computational mass of the computer. Computational forces, with magnitudes specific to each instruction and to each computer, overcome the inertia represented by this mass. The paper suggests normalizing the computational mass scale by picking the mass of a register on the CRAY-1 as the standard unit of mass.
Technique for remounting removable partial dentures opposing maxillary complete dentures

A technique for fabricating a removable partial denture remount cast has been described. This method requires no additional time with the patient and is easily accomplished in the office.
Arousal level in neonates and preschool children under continuous auditory stimulation.

Abstract This study compared the relative effectiveness of four continuously presented auditory stimulus conditions in reducing arousal level in neonates and preschool children. The stimulus conditions were no sound, heartbeats, metronome beats, and lullabies. A low arousal level was defined as a pattern of low heart rate, low general motor activity, stable respiration rate, stable heart rate, minimal crying, and rapid onset of sleep. A comparison of the results produced by no sound vs. any sound confirmed the results previously found by Irwin and his students that prolonged auditory stimulation quiets infants. A comparison of heartbeat vs. any other condition contradicted the recent claims made by Salk that the effectiveness of heartbeat in quieting infants is unsurpassed by that of any other sound.
Panel reports: the role of consciousness in working with trauma: Necessary condition or irrelevant distraction?

(2006). Panel reports: the role of consciousness in working with trauma: Necessary condition or irrelevant distraction? The International Journal of Psychoanalysis: Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 559-561.
On the relative intercalibration of solar wind instruments on IMP-8 and ISEE-3

Simultaneous measurements of density on IMP-8 and ISEE-3 are intercompared as a function of velocity and ion temperature. Systematic differences are found of a magnitude sufficiently large to be important in studies of the solar wind interaction with the magnetosphere.
Long-term thermoregulatory changes following perinatal methadone exposure in rats☆

Abstract Offspring of female rats injected daily with methadone (5 mg/kg, IP) or saline were cross-fostered at birth to form drug groups exposed during gestation (G), lactation (L), or both gestation and lactation (G-L); controls were exposed only to saline. Rectal temperatures were taken on postnatal Days 20, 43, 57 and 75, and at 3-day intervals from Days 128–140 and 157–169. Ambient temperature was 21°C except from Days 131–134 (10°C) and 160–163 (33°C). Methadone-exposed rats tended to have lower rectal temperatures than controls at 21°C; this was significant on Days 57 and 160 for Group G, on Days 43 and 160 for Group L, and on Days 43, 57, 128, 160 and 166 for Group G-L. Relative to controls, Groups G and G-L became hypothermic during cold stress and hyperthermic during heat stress. Thermal deviations were unrelated to changes in food intake and body weight. These results indicate that perinatal methadone exposure in rats produces thermoregulatory changes that persist into adulthood.
Properties and processing characteristics of dielectric‐filled epoxy resins

A family of casting composites, epoxy resins with mineral fillers, having a range of electrical properties, are being developed. In such composites, the dielectric constant is controlled primarily by varying the filler material in composition and proportions. The present work reports on the mechanical properties of composites made with two types of filler, an alumina powder (XA3500 from ALCOA) and a BaTiO3/TiO2 ceramic powder (ATD-50 from Ampex). Dependence of mechanical properties on curing agents was also determined. Filler contents from 0 to 40 percent volume were used. Epoxy systems contained single epoxy resin with both amine and anhydride hardeners. Processing of the anhydride-cured systems was easier than that of the amine-based systems because of their lower viscosity and longer gel time of the former. However, the anhydride-cured systems required higher processing temperatures. Curing kinetics and molecular bonding were investigated using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Activation energies of 11.2 kcal/mole and 12.1 kcal/mole were obtained for the curing of the amine-based and the anhydride-based composites respectively, and a small difference in the glass transition temperature was also observed. These effects can be attributed to the difference in the structure of the curing agents. The epoxy resin cured with NMA is less ductile compared with those cured with MTHPA or MHHPA due to slight chemical modification on the ring structures. This dependence of ductility on curing agent was observed in specimens with different filler contents. Although the presence of the filler materials was found to enhance the mechanical properties of the epoxy, the fracture mode in these materials is still brittle.
Uptake of phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) by axons of passage

Iontophoretic injection of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) into the spinal trigeminal tract, the trapezoid body or the inferior cerebellar peduncle produced extensive labelling of axons of passage. Anterograde transport labelled axon terminals more than 13 mm distant and retrograde transport labelled cells more than 3 mm distant. Axons of passage were labelled with both PHA-L and biotinylated PHA-L, and were observed following injection with different micropipette tip sizes, different durations of iontophoresis, and with continuous or pulsed iontophoretic current. The results suggest that while different injection parameters may influence the number of axons that are labelled, the possibility of labelling axons of passage should be considered whenever PHA-L is used.
Cultural emergence: Theorizing culture in and from the margins of science education

This special issue of the Journal of Research in Science Teaching seeks to explore conceptualizations of culture that address contemporary challenges in science education. Toward this end, we unite two theoretical perspectives to advance a conceptualization of culture as a complex system, emerging from iterative processes of cultural bricolage, that is, a cyclic (re)application, and adaptation via approximation, of cultural tools to contexts as they uniquely arise. This conception of culture provides a means for transmission of culture from one individual to another, but it also allows for substantial diversity of individual perspectives within a cultural group in ways that supra-individual conceptions of culture do not. What is more, this diversity of individuals provides a mechanism for cultural evolution and simultaneously allows for an individual to be shaped by culture and culture to be shaped by the individual. Culture, in this conception, is understood to be an emergent phenomenon, built up from iterative application of cultural software. Implications are considered with respect to further development toward a theoretical framework; educational research agenda and methodology; and education policy—particularly in the context of science education. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:122–136, 2013
Calculation of corrections to Fresnel optics from density response.

We develop a computational scheme for the Feibelman d parameters, which characterize the surface corrections to Fresnel formulas at a smooth jellium surface. The d parameters are determined from the nonretarded electronic density response to a long-wavelength field. We find this density response via the time-dependent Hartree approximation, which in turn requires the solution of a one-dimensional integral equation. The integral equation is analyzed in Fourier space, which allows us to isolate explicitly the nonanalytic structure in the kernel and to avoid the difficulties of long-ranged Friedel oscillations in the real-space kernel. The detailed formulas and procedures necessary to produce an efficient yet accurate computer code are described. As an initial illustration of the method, we calculate the linear dispersion coefficient of surface plasmons in a single, finite-step barrier model for the electrons. The results are compared to earlier calculations and to infinite barrier values. The evolution of the dispersion coefficient with barrier height shows interesting structure below the threshold for photoemission.
REDUCTION IN RATE OF GROWTH OF HAIR IN MICE AS AN INDICATOR OF EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC LOW DOSAGE IONIZING RADIATION.

Reduction in Rate of Growth of Hair in Mice as an Indicator of Exposure to Chronic Low Dosage Ionizing Radiation
Smoking, stress, and negative affect: correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking

This transdisciplinary review of the literature addresses the questions, Do stress and negative affect (NA) promote smoking? and Does smoking genuinely relieve stress and NA? Drawing on both human and animal literatures, the authors examine these questions across three developmental stages of smoking--initiation, maintenance, and relapse. Methodological and conceptual distinctions relating to within- and between-subjects levels of analyses are emphasized throughout the review. Potential mechanisms underlying links between stress and NA and smoking are also reviewed. Relative to direct-effect explanations, the authors argue that contextual mediator-moderator approaches hold greater potential for elucidating complex associations between NA and stress and smoking. The authors conclude with recommendations for research initiatives that draw on more sophisticated theories and methodologies.
The Quest for Institutional Recognition: A Longitudinal Analysis of Scholarly Productivity and Academic Prestige among Sociology Departments

Research on the science enterprise ordinarily assumes that any hierarchy among academic departments reflects an egalitarian system based on merit. This assumption ispredicated on the view that departmentalprestige is primartily afunction offaculty scholarship. In this article; the association between prestige and scholarship is examined for the discipline of sociology using evaluative ratingsfrom three national studies and objective data on publications. Scholarship is found to be far less important in determiningprestige ratings than either the past reputations of departments or their affiliated universities. Publishing is not necessarily a straightforward means ofsecuring a departments prestige. Instead, past reputation reflective of an institutional context, rather than scholarlyproductivity, appears to be the criticalproperty bearing on how departments are viewed.
Response of pediatric uveitis to TNFα inhibitors.

Purpose Non-infectious uveitis (“uveitis”) is an important cause of visual loss amongst children. Although TNFa inhibitors (anti-TNFa) are increasingly used to treat pediatric uveitis, the outcomes of treatment with these agents have been poorly described. We are studying the largest, and only multicenter, group of patients with pediatric uveitis in order to more precisely estimate the outcomes of treatment with anti-TNFa and to evaluate which factors increase the likelihood of achieving uveitis quiescence after treatment. The final cohort will include subjects from the five-center Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Cohort Study, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), and Hershey Medical Center. Here we report preliminary results from subjects at CHOP.
The Isotopic Constitution of Strontium, Barium, Bismuth, Thallium and Mercury

A mass-spectrographic study of the isotopic constitution of Sr, Ba, Bi, and Tl has been made. Although the sensitivity and resolving power of the apparatus were sufficient to detect extremely rare isotopes, no new ones were found. Relative abundances of the isotopes of Sr, Ba, and Tl were determined. It was possible to show that if ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{203}$ exists it must be with an abundance less than one-tenth of that at one time assigned to it by Aston.
Factors influencing the use of maternal health services

Abstract A study of low-income obstetric patients shows that rates of attendance at prenatal, postpartum and family planning clinics are associated with a variety of patients' background characteristics such as age, number of living children, and years of school completed. In addition, distance of clinics from patients' homes appeared to have a substantial effect on attendance.
Healthy work environments for the ageing nursing workforce.

Aim The aim of this article is to describe the physical challenges that ageing nurses experience and the facility design features that can promote healthy work environments to motivate nurses to continue working. Background Older nurses are working longer and beyond the usual retirement age. They often experience chronic fatigue and the usual physical and cognitive changes associated with aging. Nursing is a physically demanding profession and many older nurses work in pain while providing direct patient care. The literature is replete with studies focusing on the organisational factors that retain older nurses, but little research addresses design factors that facilitate nurses working longer and more safely in direct patient care. Evaluation Electronic databases in medicine, nursing, psychology, and architecture were searched and evidence-based, non-evidence-based, and review articles and government and organisational newsletters were evaluated. Key Issues Hospital design can help address the physical work challenges that older nurses experience. Conclusions Older nurses have a wealth of knowledge and expertise, and the design of nursing units can optimize their work experience. Implications for nursing management Nurse Managers must participate in design efforts and advocate designs that support aging nurses.
Cognitive and behavior therapy in chronic depression

Three patients with chronic relapsing depression were treated with a combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques. The main behavioral modality consisted of the use of activity schedules. The cognitive approach was directed at exposing and correcting the patients' negative distortions of the activities undertaken. These patients, although not substantially helped by drug therapy, showed prompt and sustained improvement with cognitive-behavioral therapy as reflected by their scores with the Hamilton and Beck Depression measures.
Wave-Number-Dependent Dielectric Function of Semiconductors

Expressions for the wave-number-dependent dielectric function are derived for various models of a semiconductor. The calculation is carried out for the diagonal part of the dielectric function at zero frequency. It is found that calculations based on plane wave models (such as the free electron model) give poor results for small values of the wave number due to neglect of both Bragg reflections and Umklapp processes. We use instead an isotropic version of the nearly free electron model in which dielectric function depends on only one parameter ${E}_{g}$ representing an average energy gap that can be determined from optical data. It is noted that for small wave numbers Umklapp processes give the major contribution to the dielectricfunction, where-as for large wave numbers normal processes dominate. The dielectric function is evaluated numerically for a value of ${E}_{g}$ appropriate to Si.
Inhibition of social behavior in chimpanzees under high‐density conditions

This is the first study to investigate the short-term effects of high population density on captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Subjects of the study were 45 chimpanzees living in five different groups at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center. The groups were observed under two conditions: 1) when they had access to both the indoor and outdoor sections of their enclosures; 2) during cold days when they were locked into the indoor runs, which reduced the available space by more than half. Under the high-density condition, allogrooming and submissive greetings decreased, but juvenile play increased. Remarkably, the rate of various forms of agonistic behavior, such as aggression, bluff charge, bluff display, and hooting, occurred less frequently under the high-density condition. This general decrease in adult social activity, including agonistic behavior, can be interpreted as an inhibition strategy to reduce opportunities for conflict when interindividual distances are reduced. This strategy is probably effective only in the short run, however. Behavioral indicators of anxiety, such as rough scratching and yawning, showed elevated rates, suggesting increased social tension under the high-density condition.
The Abdominojugular Test: Technique and Hemodynamic Correlates

Abstract Study Objective:To determine the hemodynamic correlates of a modified abdominojugular reflux test. Design:Case series. Setting:Referral-based cardiology practice in a university hospital. ...
Short-term memory: Effects of type of trigram isolated and position of isolation

The effects of five different types of trigram units, embedded in three positions (beginning, middle and end) of an eight-item list of consonants, were investigated. The five types of trigrams were: letter repetitions (GGG), meaningful-pronounceable (FIB), meaningful-unpronounceable (FBI), unmeaningful-pronounceable (BIF), and unmean ingful-unpronounceable (BGF). Voice differences were used to achieve isolation, and a free recall procedure was employed. The data indicated an inverse relationship between both overall list performance and isolated trigram performance and the other items in the list.
Gender Violence and the Black Female Body: The Enduring Significance of “Crazy” Mike Tyson

Using Black feminist thought (Collins, 2009) as critical public pedagogy (Giroux, 2000), this article confronts the everlasting public pedagogy (Giroux, 2000) of State of Indiana v. Michael G. Tyso...
The transient motion of a nonuniformly moving dislocation

The solution to the transient subsonic motion of a nonuniformly moving screw dislocation starting from rest is obtained.
Neuronal Guidance: A Redox Signal Involving Mical

Mical, a redox enzyme, binds the cytoplasmic domain of the semaphorin receptor plexin A and mediates semaphorin-signaled collapse of the actin cytoskeleton. Recent work now shows that Mical's ability to bind actin filaments and destabilize them in a NADPH-dependent manner is responsible for semaphorin 1a's effects.
Non-carbohydrate inhibitors of the lectin DC-SIGN.

The C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is found on the surface of dendritic cells. It can mediate adhesion between dendritic cells and T lymphocytes and facilitate antigen capture and presentation. Many pathogens can exploit DC-SIGN binding for nefarious purposes. For example, DC-SIGN can facilitate the dissemination of viruses, like HIV-1. Alternatively, some microbes (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis) use their ability to interact with DC-SIGN to evade immune detection. The diverse roles attributed to DC-SIGN provide impetus to identify ligands that can be used to explore its different functions. Such compounds also could serve as therapeutic leads. Most of the DC-SIGN ligands studied previously are mannose- or fucose-derived monosaccharides or oligosaccharides with inhibitory constants in the range of 0.1−10 mM. To identify monovalent ligands with more powerful DC-SIGN blocking properties, we devised a high-throughput fluorescence-base...
Decadal and interannual variability of the Indian Ocean SST

The variability of the Indian Ocean on interannual and decadal timescales is investigated in observations, coupled model simulation and model experiment. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode was specifically analyzed using a data-adaptive method. This study reveals one decadal mode and two interannual modes in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the IOD. The decadal mode in the IOD is associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) of the North Pacific SST. The two interannual modes are related to the biennial and canonical components of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), consistent with previous studies. This study hypothesizes that the relation between the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific on decadal scale may be through the northerly winds from the western North Pacific. The long simulation of Community Climate System Model version 4 also indicates the presence of IOD modes associated with the decadal PDO and canonical ENSO modes. However, the model fails to simulate the biennial ENSO mode in the Indian Ocean. The relation between the Indian Ocean and North Pacific Ocean is further supported by the regionally de-coupled model experiment.
The effect of statement valence and referent content upon mood and anagram performance

Beck argues that symptoms of clinical depression are mediated by negative self-evaluations. Laboratory research has shown that reading verbal statements can alter mood states. However, mood induction procedures have confounded affective content with referent content. Subjects read either positive, neutral, or negative statements with either self- or other referent content. Measures of anagram performance and mood were then obtained. The results showed no significant effects of verbal statements upon measures of anagram performance. Subjects in positive self-reference groups showed less depressed affect than those in neutral and negative self-referent groups. The neutral and negative self-referent groups did not differ. The data suggest that verbal mood induction produces “elation” rather than depression. The results are discussed in terms of Beck's cognitive theory of depression and learned helplessness.
Clinical significance of the umbilical cord twist.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the umbilical cord twist direction. Study design Two hundred singleton third-trimester placentas with a right umbilical cord twist and 200 placentas with a left umbilical cord twist, which was determined by pathologic examination, were included. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared with the use of Fisher's exact and Mann Whitney U tests; a probability value of Results Placenta previa was more common in patients with a right umbilical cord twist compared with a left umbilical cord twist (6.0% vs 1.5%; P P =.06). The incidence of fetal demise, intrauterine growth restriction, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital anomalies, preterm delivery, infant gender, birth weight, maternal age, and parity were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion Placenta previa is associated with a right umbilical cord twist.
Moral Obligations in Head and Neck Allo-Transplantation Innovation

When a major surgical innovation such as head and neck allo-transplantation has the potential for generalizable applicability, the ethics of research govern its development, use, assessment, and early promulgation. Research ethics requires that the science of the research be rigorous in terms of conduct and assessment in order to created reliable unbiased evidence. However, because such research requires human subjects, ethical constraints must be in place for their protection. In head and neck allo-transplantation, this requires an orientation that differs from clinical practice as well as from what is found in research on established procedures. This different orientation impacts more than just the surgical team. It also involves those responsible for subject assessment and protection, study intervention parameters, overview, and data analysis. This paper discusses why such an altered approach is required, how to operationalize it, and some of the difficulties in doing so.
Effects of saturation on the elimination of inhomogeneous broadening by nondegenerate fully resonant four-wave mixing

Abstract Fifth order perturbation theory for nonlinear four-wave is used to understand line narrowing in fully resonant, nondegenerate, parametric methods of nonlinear spectroscopy. Cancellation effects between alternative coherence pathways cause some resonances to disappear unexpectedly. Inhomogeneous broadening causes the return of some of the resonances as line narrowed peaks.
Jaqueline Tyrwhitt and transnational discourse on modern urban planning and design, 1941–1951

This paper illuminates the significant contributions that Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, a British town planner, editor and educator, made to transnational discourse on modern urban planning and design from 1941 to 1951. This is when she formulated her synthesis of utopian planning ideals, grounded in the bio-regionalism of the Scottish visionary Patrick Geddes and informed by European modernism. Her hybrid grew into the Geddessian branch of the planning arm of the post-war modern movement. In addition to uncovering Tyrwhitt's hidden voice, the article also uses the biography of a transnational actor as a vehicle to analyse the emergence of the concept that urbanism encompasses both the global and the local.
SV40-transformed human fibroblasts: Evidence for cellular aging in precrisis cells

Pre-crisis SV40-transformed human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cultures have a finite proliferative lifespan, but they do not enter a viable senescent state at end of lifespan. Little is known about either the mechanism for this finite lifespan in SV40-transformed HDF or its relationship to finite lifespan in normal HDF. Recently we proposed that in normal HDF the phenomena of finite lifespan and arrest in a viable senescent state depend on two separate processes: 1) an age-related decrease in the ability of the cells to recognize or respond to serum and/or other mitogens such that the cells become functionally mitogen-deprived at the end of lifespan; and 2) the ability of the cells to enter a viable, G1-arrested state whenever they experience mitogen deprivation. In this paper, data are presented that suggest that pre-crisis SV40-transformed HDF retain the first process described above, but lack the second process. It is shown that SV40-transformed HDF have a progressively decreasing ability to respond to serum as they age, but they continue to traverse the cell cycle at the end of lifespan. Concomitantly, the rate of cell death increases steadily toward the end of lifespan, thereby causing the total population to cease growing and ultimately to decline. Previous studies have shown that when SV40-transformed HDF are environmentally serum deprived, they likewise exhibit continued cell cycle traverse coupled with increased cell death. Thus, these results support the hypothesis that pre-crisis SV40-transformed HDF still undergo the same aging process as do normal HDF, but they end their lifespan in crisis rather than in the normal G1-arrested senescent state because they have lost their ability to enter a viable, G1-arrested state in response to mitogen deprivation.
Examining the Gender Gap in Children’s Attitudes Toward Politics

In the 2004 presidential election, a majority of men (54%) voted to reelect George W. Bush, but a minority of women (48%) supported Bush at the polls. The gender gap was also evident in races for the U.S. House and the U.S. Senate in 2004. In addition, there is a persistent and significant difference in policy preferences and political priorities among men and women. Taken together, the evidence clearly indicates that men and women currently view politics in the United States differently. What factors help explain these differences? In the present study, we examined whether boys and girls view politics differently. We interviewed eighth-grade students from six middle schools in Maricopa County, AZ in the spring of 2003 and 2004. Our results indicate that the gender gap in policy and partisanship is established early, before children reach adulthood. This suggests that the persistent gender gap in adult views about politics is rooted, at least partially, in gender differences during childhood socialization.
JAKing up AML1-ETO.

In this issue of Blood , Chou et al 1 and Pulikkan et al 2 reveal that the (8;21)(q22;q22) translocation product AML1-ETO (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) leads to enhanced JAK/STAT signaling downstream of myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) virus, which in turn contributes to increased survival of tumor cells. Hijacking of the JAK/STAT pathway through up-regulation of wild-type MPL is a new paradigm for hematologic malignancies.
Skirting the transition state, a new paradigm in reaction rate theory

In this issue of PNAS, Houston and Kable (1) describe experiments that implicate a new mechanism for chemical reactions in the photodissociation of acetaldehyde. The “roaming” mechanism was discovered in a recent combined experimental/theoretical study of formaldehyde photodissociation (2, 3). (Formaldehyde is acetaldehyde with the methyl group replaced by hydrogen.) This mechanism is a reaction pathway that bypasses the conventional transition state of the reaction. It has major consequences for experimental observations in the case of formaldehyde photodissociation, and its explication solved a puzzle brought to the attention of researchers in the field by an important paper on formaldehyde photodissociation by van Zee et al. in 1993 (4).
Armor morphology and reproductive output in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is an extensively armored fish inhabiting both marine and fresh waters across its holarctic distribution. Marine fish nearly always possess a full complement of bony lateral plates running from just behind the head to the tail, and a robust pelvic girdle complex. These armor features appear to constrain lateral and ventral abdominal distention, and therefore clutch volume. Freshwater populations in many areas exhibit variable reduction in lateral plate number, and in some regions the pelvic girdle is also reduced or lost. Freshwater populations also vary in the degree of abdominal distention exhibited by gravid females. We tested whether reduction in armoring might be correlated with increased clutch volume using five populations from the Cook Inlet area of Alaska. The hypothesis that populations having reduced pelvic girdle complexes would have greater size-adjusted clutch volumes was not supported. In fact, our two full-pelvic populations as a group had larger volumes. Similarly, size-adjusted clutch volumes were not related to pelvic phenotype within either of our two pelvic-reduced populations, nor to lateral plate morph within a fifth population. Other factors that may explain the interpopulation differences in clutch volume in threespine stickleback include body shape, food quantity and quality, intensity of predation, and even behavior. Except for a preliminary analysis of body shape, these possibilities remain unexplored. The concept of phenotypic integration suggests that these factors should be analyzed as a suite rather than individually.
EXPLANATION AND ESSENCE IN THE RULES OF SOCIOLOGICAL METHOD AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR IN SOCIETY

In The Rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim tried to nmove the ambiguity of The Division of Labor in Society that arose from his essentialist model of explanation, in which causes and effects are both necsary and sufficient conditions of each other. The resulting confusion of efc with causes made possible the materialist intr in of the latter work, in which increasing population density was mistaken for the cause rather than the sign of changes in the social environment associated with an increase in specialization The Rules tried to deet this misintepreation through clarifying such key concepts as cause, function, and social environment Durkheim's readers had failed to see that he had prvde only a functional and not a causal explanation of the division of labor, which he took to be an adaptation to, not a result of, factors in the social rather than the physical environment.
Symptomatic Features of Intraplate Earthquakes

Available geological, geophysical, and seismological data for 39 cases were compared and analyzed to understand the cause of intraplate earthquakes. The results revealed common features which can be used to test models for their seismogenesis. Intraplate seismicity occurs in the vicinity of “stress concentrators” within pre-existing zones of weakness, most commonly failed rifts. These stress concentrators are structures where plate tectonic stresses can cause a localized build-up of stresses and, ultimately, earthquakes. These include intersecting faults, buried plutons, and rift pillows. One of the intersecting faults was often found to be tens of kilometers in length and oriented optimally with respect to the maximum horizontal stress direction. Intraplate earthquakes have longer return periods compared to their plate-boundary counterparts. They occur in failed rifts of all ages, whereas those not associated with rifts occur only in the Precambrian crust. The former have shorter return periods (≤500 years) compared to the latter (thousands of years).
Can Hydrographic Data Provide Evidence That the Rate of Oceanic Uptake of Anthropogenic CO2 Is Increasing

Predictions of the rate of accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Pacific Ocean near 32°S and 150°W based on the P16 surveys of 1991 and 2005 and on the P06 surveys of 1992 and 2003 underestimate the amount found in the P06 survey of 2009–2010, suggesting an increasing uptake rate. Assuming the accumulation rate to be constant over the two decades, analyses using all five surveys lead to upward revision of the rates based only on the first four. On the other hand, accumulation rates estimated for 2003–2010 are significantly greater than those for 1991–2003, again suggesting an increasing uptake rate. In addressing this question it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the repeat hydrography and consequent uncertainties of estimated accumulation rates.
Cognitive-behavior therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: is improvement related to increased physical activity?

This multiple case study of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared self-report and behavioral outcomes. Eleven relatively high-functioning participants with CFS received 6–32 sessions of outpatient graded-activity oriented CBT. Self-report outcomes included measures of fatigue impact, physical function, depression, anxiety, and global change. Behavioral outcomes included actigraphy and the 6-minute walking test. Global change ratings were very much improved (n=2), much improved (n=2), improved (n=5), and no change (n=2). Of those reporting improvement, clinically significant actigraphy increases (n=3) and decreases (n=4) were found, as well as no significant change (n=2). The nature of clinical improvement in CBT trials for high-functioning CFS patients may be more ambiguous than that postulated by the cognitive-behavioral model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 65:1–20, 2009.