cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENERGY CONSERVING DISCRETE BOLTZMANN EQUATION FOR NONIDEAL SYSTEMS

The BBGKY formalism is utilized to obtain a set of moment equations to be satisfied by the collision operator in an energy conserving discrete Boltzmann equation for the case of a nonlocal interaction potential. A modified BGK form of the collision operator consistent with these moment equations is described. In the regime of isothermal flows, a previous proposed nonideal gas model is recovered. Other approaches to constructing the collision operator are discussed. Numerical implementation of the modified BGK form, using a thermal lattice Boltzmann model, is illustrated as an example. The time dependence of the density autocorrelation function was studied for this model and found, at early times, to be strongly affected by the constraint of total energy conservation. The long time behavior of the density autocorrelation function was consistent with the theory of hydrodynamic fluctuations.
Endovascular management of impending carotid rupture in a patient with advanced head and neck cancer.

PURPOSE To describe an innovative endovascular technique combining a flexible self-expanding stent-graft to protect the common and internal carotid artery with selective coil embolization of the affected external carotid artery (ECA) branches. CASE REPORT A 42-year-old man presented with episodes of profuse but self-limited carotid hemorrhage from advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the neck. Despite invasion of the carotid sheath by the tumor, angiography confirmed the source of bleeding to be invasion of branches of the ECA. Successful coil embolization of the ECA and stent-graft isolation of the common/internal carotid arteries were performed. At 1-month follow-up, carotid angiography confirmed the complete occlusion of the ECA and patent stent-graft. There was no recurrent bleeding or neurological deficits at 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Stent-grafts in combination with coil embolization can be used to manage patients with impending carotid rupture secondary to head and neck cancer.
Cross-species transferability of SSR loci developed from transciptome sequencing in lodgepole pine

With the advent of next generation sequencing technologies, transcriptome level sequence collections are arising as prominent resources for the discovery of gene-based molecular markers. In a previous study more than 15,000 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences resulting from 454 pyrosequencing of Pinus contorta cDNA were identified. From these we developed PCR primers for approximately 4000 candidate SSRs. Here, we tested 184 of these SSRs for successful amplification across P. contorta and eight other pine species and examined patterns of polymorphism and allelic variability for a subset of these SSRs. Cross-species transferability was high, with high percentages of loci producing PCR products in all species tested. In addition, 50% of the loci we screened across panels of individuals from three of these species were polymorphic and allelically diverse. We examined levels of diversity in a subset of these SSRs by collecting genotypic data across several populations of Pinus ponderosa in northern Wyoming. Our results indicate the utility of mining pyrosequenced EST collections for gene-based SSRs and provide a source of molecular markers that should bolster evolutionary genetic investigations across the genus Pinus.
Immune modulation and increased neurotrophic factor production in multiple sclerosis patients treated with testosterone

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a pronounced neurodegenerative component. It has been suggested that novel treatment options are needed that target both aspects of the disease. Evidence from basic and clinical studies suggests that testosterone has an immunomodulatory as well as a potential neuroprotective effect that could be beneficial in MS. Ten male MS patients were treated with 10 g of gel containing 100 mg of testosterone in a cross-over design (6 month observation period followed by 12 months of treatment). Blood samples were obtained at three-month intervals during the observation and the treatment period. Isolated blood peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to examine lymphocyte subpopulation composition by flow cytometry and ex vivo protein production of cytokines (IL-2, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17, IL-10, IL-12p40, TGFβ1) and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF, platelet-derived growth factor PDGF-BB, nerve growth factor NGF, and ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF). Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin recall tests were obtained before and during treatment as an in vivo functional immune measure. Testosterone treatment significantly reduced DTH recall responses and induced a shift in peripheral lymphocyte composition by decreasing CD4+ T cell percentage and increasing NK cells. In addition, PBMC production of IL-2 was significantly decreased while TGFβ1 production was increased. Furthermore, PBMCs obtained during the treatment period produced significantly more BDNF and PDGF-BB. These results are consistent with an immunomodulatory effect of testosterone treatment in MS. In addition, increased production of BDNF and PDGF-BB suggests a potential neuroprotective effect. NCT00405353 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Yield of Review of Systems in a Self-administered Questionnaire.

Background: Family physicians frequently screen new patients with questionnaires that include a standard review of systems. The diagnostic yield of such questionnaires is unknown. Methods: We retrospectively compared results of 248 patient questionnaires with the clinicians9 dictated medical record in a university-based family medicine practice. Any positive responses in the review of systems section were compared with the medical record to determine whether they resulted in a new diagnosis and a therapeutic maneuver. Results: The case-finding yield for the review of systems section as a whole was 10.5 percent. This yield compares favorably with other screening maneuvers in clinical practice. Individual questions had yields of 0.0 to 1.6 percent. The positive predictive value for a given yes response on the review of systems, defined as new diagnoses divided by total yes answers, was 3.3 percent. Conclusions: Compared with other case finding maneuvers in clinical practice, the review of systems questionnaire has a very acceptable yield. Its positive predictive value is low, however, and there are differences observed among physicians. Certain questions had a positive predictive value of 0.0 and could be deleted, which would produce a shortened review of systems section.
Deposition of multi-layered alumina–titania coatings by detonation waves

Multi-layered alumina–titania coatings are formed from conventional and nano-structured powders by detonation technique. Alternate layers of the developed coatings contain partially melted nano-structured material. The microhardness across the coating thickness exhibits high and low values for the conventional and the nano-structured layers respectively.
CO2 velocity measurement and models for temperatures up to 200°C and pressures up to 100 MPa

Studies on how the velocity of C O2 is affected by temperature and pressure are important for understanding seismic properties of fluid and rock systems with a C O2 component. We carried out laboratory experiments to investigate velocity of C O2 in temperatures ranging from −10°C to 200°C and pressures ranging from 7 MPa to 100 MPa , in which C O2 is in a liquid phase. The results show that under the above conditions, in general, the velocity of C O2 increases as pressure increases and temperature decreases. Near the critical point ( 31.1°C and 7.38 MPa ), the velocity of C O2 reaches a minimum and has a complicated behavior with temperature and pressure conditions due to the C O2 transition between gas and liquid phases. We also developed preliminary empirical models to calculate the velocity of C O2 based on newly measured data.
Generation of THz Radiation from Semiconductors

Generation and detection of THz electromagnetic radiation is one of the recent “Hot” topics in the photonics and optoelectronics community.1 During the rapid development of picosecond and femtosecond laser sources in the early 80’s, several different optoelectronic techniques for generating broadband electromagnetic pulses were developed.2–8 In particular, the development of chirped laser amplifiers allowed the generation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses with peak power greater than one megawatt.9 These pulses will have a significant impact on far-infrared spectroscopy and materials characterization.
Look to the States: How the State-Specific Interpretation Clarifies BAPCPA's § 522 Ambiguity and Protects State Exemption Laws

After Congress revised the Bankruptcy Code in 2005, courts have taken divergent views about how to apply 11 U.S.C. § 522 in relation to state exemptions. Three main interpretations have developed: antiextraterritoriality, preemption, and state-specific. This Note advocates the state-specific approach, as it prevents forum shopping without rendering state exemption laws void or futile. The state-specific view requires courts to consider both state case law and public policy. When state statutes remain silent, courts applying the state-specific interpretation should liberally construe the exemption statutes in favor of the debtor and allow extraterritorial application.
Activation and Calibration Plans for the Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit Heated Fuel System (Invited)

As part of the upgrades required to support the Medium Scale Critical Components (MSCC) program testing, an existing high-temperature and high-pressure heated fuel system (HFS) at the Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit (APTU) is being modified and upgraded to provide endothermic heated fuel to scramjet propulsion test systems. This paper will briefly address the overall requirements for the new HFS and the overall design of the system. The paper will then discuss the activation and calibration plans for the HFS. Operational processes will be generally described. Various system shutdown parameters will be identified, and the resulting processes used to protect the system hardware will be documented. Particular attention will be given to the calibration of the mass-flow rate measurement instrumentation used to provide a high-fidelity calculation of the fuel mass flow entering the test engine.
Spanwise Growth of the Turbulent Spot Pressure-Fluctuation Field in a Hypersonic Boundary Layer

The pressure-fluctuation field beneath wave packets and turbulent spots in a hypersonic boundary layer was studied on the nozzle wall of the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel. For a controlled study, the breakdown of disturbances created by spark perturbations was measured at various freestream conditions. A disturbance first grows into a linear instability wave packet and then quickly becomes nonlinear. At this point, the wave packet is still concentrated near the disturbance centerline, but weaker disturbances are seen spreading from the center. Breakdown to turbulence begins in the core of the wave packets where the wave amplitudes are largest. Second-mode waves are still evident in front of and behind the breakdown point and can be seen propagating in the spanwise direction at a spreading angle. The turbulent core grows downstream resulting in a turbulent spot with a typical arrowhead shape. However, the spot is not merely a localized patch of turbulence; instability waves are still an integral part of the disturbance.
Resistance of Exotic Maize Varieties to the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)

Resistance in maize to 1st-generation European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is partly due to the antibiotic nature of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA). Larval bioassays (Klun et al. 1967) showed that DIMBOA and not its degradation product, MBOA, is the active agent in resistance. Normal larval development is inhibited and larval mortality increased by DIMBOA. A diallel analysis of 11 inbred maize lines by Klun et al. (1970) demonstrated highly significant correlations between DIMBOA concentration and leaf feeding resistance for inbreds and single crosses.
Cobalt-Based Catalysts for Ethanol Steam Reforming: An Overview

Cobalt has been extensively studied for its use as an alternative catalyst to noble metals for ethanol steam reforming. Among the many other catalyst supports tested, cerium oxide contributed significantly to the catalytic activity and stability of the Co/CeO2 catalyst as a result of its high oxygen mobility and storage capacity. In this paper, an overview of the research conducted in our laboratory during the past decade on ethanol steam reforming using the Co/CeO2 catalyst is presented. The role of the support oxygen mobility and storage capacity of the Co/CeO2 catalyst and how the addition of calcium to the ceria support changes the oxygen vacancies in the catalyst structure are discussed. Results from in situ characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure, are summarized, showing the evolution of the cobalt phases during synthesis, pretreatment, and ethanol steam reforming reaction. Also, ho...
External ventricular drains: Management and complications.

Background Insertion of an External Ventricular Drain (EVD) is arguably one of the most common and important lifesaving procedures in neurologic intensive care unit. Various forms of acute brain injury benefit from the continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion provided by an EVD. After insertion, EVD monitoring, maintenance and troubleshooting essentially become a nursing responsibility. Methods Articles pertaining to EVD placement, management, and complications were identified from PubMed electronic database. Results Typically placed at the bedside by a neurosurgeon or neurointensivist using surface landmarks under emergent conditions, this procedure has the ability to drain blood and CSF to mitigate intracranial hypertension, continuously monitor intracranial pressure, and instill medications. Nursing should ensure proper zeroing, placement, sterility, and integrity of the EVD collecting system. ICP waveform analysis and close monitoring of CSF drainage are extremely important and can affect clinical outcomes of patients. In some institutions, nursing may also be responsible for CSF sampling and catheter irrigation. Conclusion Maintenance, troubleshooting, and monitoring for EVD associated complications has essentially become a nursing responsibility. Accurate and accountable nursing care may have the ability to portend better outcomes in patients requiring CSF drainage.
PHS commissioned officers and EPA: a natural coalition for environmental quality and public health.

Commissioned officers of the U.S. Public Health Service play a vital role in enabling EPA to achieve its objectives and responsibilities to protect the environment and the health of the country. Of the 220 officers currently (as of April 1990) detailed to EPA, most are in the engineer category. Table III lists, by category, the PHS officers on detail to EPA. Table IV lists the approximate distribution of officers among various geographical assignments at EPA.
Perturbations in sodium balance. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Perturbations of serum sodium concentration are the most common electrolyte abnormalities seen in clinical medicine. Patients may exhibit profound alterations in mental status or be asymptomatic. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment is essential to reducing morbidity from serum sodium abnormalities. This article reviews the etiology, symptoms, and treatment of hyponatremic and hypernatremic syndromes.
Evidence for longitudinal migration by a “sedentary” Brazilian flycatcher, the Ash-throated Casiornis

The digitalization of museum collections and concurrent increase in citizen-scienceinitiatives is ushering in an era of unprecedented availability of primary biodiversity data. These changespermit a reappraisal of phenological patterns of tropical species. I examined spatio-temporal variation in thedistribution patterns of an ostensibly sedentary endemic Brazilian ﬂycatcher, the Ash-throated Casiornis(Casiornis fuscus), using both specimen data from museums and sighting records and rich media data fromcitizen-science initiatives. I found compelling evidence for partial intratropical longitudinal migration toAmazonia and the Cerrado biomes from the species’ core range in the semi-desert Caatinga biome andadjacent ecotones. These records from outside of the Caatinga were distributed during the height of the dryseason from April to October, although the Caatinga is not entirely vacated at this time. This pattern ofpartial migration leads to a doubling of the distributional range of Ash-throated Casiornises and stronglysuggests that the species is a breeding near-endemic of the Caatinga biome. This pattern was potentiallypreviously not apparent because of signiﬁcant biases in specimen collection between biomes, giving a falsesense of abundance in the Brazilian Amazon.
Truth and Progress: Dewey Between Hegel and Darwin

James Kloppenberg sees Dewey as one of the philosophers of “the via media,” the via media between idealism and empiricism. The second chapter of his admirable Uncertain Victory is titled “The Radical Theory of Knowledge.” The heart of that theory, as Kloppenberg tells the story, consists in a new, nonatomistic conception of experience – a conception that is the least common denominator of Dilthey's notion of Erlebnisse and James's notion of “a world of pure experience.” On Kloppenberg's account, this new conception of experience has a pragmatist account of truth as a corollary. Like Kloppenberg's discussion of Dewey, David Hollinger's treatment of James emphasizes the connections between pragmatism and radical empiricism in James's work. Both Kloppenberg and Hollinger see James's and Dilthey's talk about the flux of experience – talk that is continuous with Bergson's and Whitehead's talk of misplaced concreteness – as an important part of what Hollinger calls “a cluster of assertions and hopes about the basis for culture in an age of science.” They both see what Hollinger calls James's “shift toward the panpsychism of the idealists” as an important part of the contribution of German idealism to American pragmatism. Kloppenberg rightly says that Dewey's claim that experience “carries principles of connection and organization within itself is an “echo” of Green and Hegel. I have no wish to challenge the claim that this sort of panpsychism and this rejection of Humean atomism loomed large in James's and Dewey's minds. A survey of the most interesting and original philosophers of the year 1900 would indeed show, as Kloppenberg suggests, that most of them wanted to close the epistemological gap between subject and object by some form of the panpsychist claim that the two were somehow continuous.
Toehold-Mediated Displacement of an Adenosine-Binding Aptamer from a DNA Duplex by its Ligand.

DNA is increasingly used to engineer dynamic nanoscale circuits, structures, and motors, many of which rely on DNA strand-displacement reactions. The use of functional DNA sequences (e.g., aptamers, which bind to a wide range of ligands) in these reactions would potentially confer responsiveness on such devices, and integrate DNA computation with highly varied molecular stimuli. By using high-throughput single-molecule FRET methods, we compared the kinetics of a putative aptamer–ligand and aptamer–complement strand-displacement reaction. We found that the ligands actively disrupted the DNA duplex in the presence of a DNA toehold in a similar manner to complementary DNA, with kinetic details specific to the aptamer structure, thus suggesting that the DNA strand-displacement concept can be extended to functional DNA–ligand systems.
Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Hand in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Indroduction : NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder that reduces the effectiveness of the neurofibromin tumor suppressor, resulting in an increased risk for benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Leiomyosarcoma, a type of soft tissue sarcoma, has been infrequently observed in NF1 patients. This study adds to the limited number of leiomyosarcomas reported in NF1 patients. This particular malignancy presented in a highly unusual location. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an NFI patient who developed a primary leiomyosarcoma of the hand. Case Presentation : We report an NF1 patient who presented with a 4-month history of pain and swelling of his right fifth finger. Initial imaging revealed a soft tissue mass measuring 3.1x2.9x3.5 cm with destruction of the fifth proximal phalanx. A radical ray excision was carried out to the distal two-thirds of the metacarpal. Pathology review yielded a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Imaging studies including MRI performed at 6 weeks and 18 months post-operatively were normal. The patient has reported constant, subclinical dull pain to the right hand since the resection. Conclusion : While the final diagnosis of the mass was not anticipated, we encourage a high degree of suspicion for malignancy in any patient with NF1 presenting with a mass following skeletal maturity regardless of its location.
Working to Awaken

In education, social justice is an awareness of conditions by which young people transition through various stages of development to attain critical consciousness. The stages of development most appropriate for this discussion of social justice in education derive from Paulo Freire’s (1998) conceptualization of conscientization – the highest level of awareness of structures and conditions influencing one’s humanization.
Computing Adjusted Risk Ratios and Risk Differences in Stata

In this article, we explain how to calculate adjusted risk ratios and risk differences when reporting results from logit, probit, and related nonlinear models. Building on Stata�s margins command, we create a new postestimation command, adjrr, that calculates adjusted risk ratios and adjusted risk differences after running a logit or probit model with a binary, a multinomial, or an ordered outcome. adjrr reports the point estimates, delta-method standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals and can compute these for specific values of the variable of interest. It automatically adjusts for complex survey design as in the fit model. Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are used to illustrate multiple applications of the command.
Do Monetary Incentives Increase Fitness Center Utilization? It Depends.

Purpose:To examine the effects of an employer-based monetary incentive program on membership termination and usage at a fitness center.Design:Retrospective nested case–control study examining the relationship between participation in an incentive program, visits to the fitness center, and membership termination at 1 year.Setting:University-based fitness center.Participants:Members (N = 1122) of a university-based fitness center.Intervention:Members were offered either a US$25 incentive for each month they visited the fitness center at least 10 times or no incentive.Measures:Data were extracted from the membership database and included membership termination at 1 year (yes, no), length of membership (days), participation in the incentive program (yes, no), and visits to the fitness center per month.Analysis:Cox proportional hazards model.Results:Members in the incentive program visited the fitness center on average more times per month (5.3 vs 4.3; P < .0001) but were significantly more likely to terminate...
Natural history of the early repolarization pattern in a biracial cohort: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study.

Objectives The objective of this analysis was to determine the natural history and prospective association of cardiovascular risk factors with early repolarization (ER). Background ER is common and has been suggested to increase risk for cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged adults. Data are sparse regarding the natural history of ER from young adulthood to middle age. Methods We examined 5,069 participants (mean age 25 years at baseline; 40% black) from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) cohort over 20 years. Electrocardiograms were recorded at years 0 (Y0), 7 (Y7), and 20 (Y20) and coded as either definite, probable, possible, or no ER. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of cardiovascular risk factors with the presence of ER cross-sectionally and prospectively. Results A total of 941 of the 5,069 participants (18.6%) had definite ER at baseline, and only 119 of 2,505 participants (4.8%) at the Y20 examination still demonstrated the presence of ER. Younger age, black race, male sex, longer exercise duration and QRS duration, and lower body mass index (BMI), heart rate, QT index, and Cornell voltage were associated cross-sectionally with the presence of ER. Predictors of maintenance of ER from Y0 to Y20 were black race (odds ratio [OR]: 2.62; 95% CI; 1.61 to 4.25), BMI (OR: 0.62 per 1 SD; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.94), serum triglyceride levels (OR: 0.66 per 1 SD; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.98), and QRS duration (OR: 1.68 per 1 SD; 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.06) at baseline. Conclusions The prevalence of ER was significantly higher than previous estimates among asymptomatic young adults, and the majority of ER regressed by middle age. Black race, lower BMI, lower serum triglyceride levels, and longer QRS duration were independently associated with maintenance of ER over time.
Understanding Uptake of Pt Precursors During Strong Electrostatic Adsorption on Single-Crystal Carbon Surfaces

The formation of Pt clusters deposited by strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) has been studied on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as well as on higher surface area graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which have well-defined surface structures. Both surfaces can be hydroxylated by treatment with hydrochloric acid, and in the case of HOPG, the surface functional groups are exclusively hydroxyls. When SEA is carried out with the anionic precursor PtCl6 2− under acidic conditions, the dominant cationic sites for electrostatic adsorption are protonated aromatic rings rather than protonated hydroxyl groups, and therefore the unfunctionalized surfaces exhibit high uptake compared to the HCl-treated surfaces. In contrast, for SEA with the cationic precursor Pt(NH3)4 2+ under basic conditions, surface hydroxylation leads to higher Pt uptake since deprotonated hydroxyl groups act as negatively charged adsorption sites for the cations. After reduction of the adsorbed ionic precursors by heating in H2, the metallic Pt clusters on HOPG produced from PtCl6 2− SEA form dendritic aggregates associated with high Pt diffusion rates and irreversible Pt–Pt bonding. For Pt(NH3)4 2+ SEA on HOPG, subsequent reduction resulted in clusters preferentially located at step edges on the untreated surface, whereas smaller clusters more uniformly distributed across the terraces were observed on the hydroxylated surface. Similar trends in particle sizes and densities were observed on the GNP surfaces, demonstrating that understanding of nucleation and growth on single-crystal HOPG surfaces can be extended to the high surface area GNPs. Oxidative adsorption to Pt4+ was observed for SEA of Pt2+ precursors on both HOPG and GNP surfaces.
Beginnings: The Subtleties of Race in Conservative Politics

This chapter charts the history of American conservatism’s transformation of its racial ideology in the mid-twentieth century from one that advocated the biological inferiority of African Americans to one that stressed the philosophy of color blindness. From the pre-New Deal era through the late fifties, American conservatism was strongly associated with groups, such as the White Citizens Councils, and John Birch Society, which regularly espoused racial conspiracy theories. Prisock argues that this new conservatism, in a sharp break with the past, not only begins the embrace of a color-blind philosophy but also establishes and uses a racially coded discourse (as illustrated in what is known as the “southern strategy”) as part of the framework for a new, more populist movement.
Very Cool Close Binary Systems

With the advent of modern surveys which yield more M-type eclipsing binary stars and with a new light curve analysis code which incorporates atmospheric models for cool stars, the time is right for a renaissance in understanding the lower main sequence.
The Effect of Model Uncertainty on the Accuracy of Global Nondestructive Damage Detection in Structures

An investigation of the effect of model uncertainty on the accuracy of damage localization is presented. A theory of damage localization is summarized. The validity of the theory is demonstrated experimentally. To evaluate the effect of model uncertainty on localization accuracy, a numerical experiment is performed to evaluate the effect of model uncertainty on localization accuracy. It is shown that localization accuracy depends on the magnitude of the model uncertainty, the location of the uncertainty, the location of the damage, and the relative magnitude of the damage and the model uncertainty.
Physical Activity and Community Engagement (PACE) to facilitate community reintegration among returning veterans: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract There is a surprising lack of disseminable, community-based interventions for veterans experiencing difficulties during the reintegration process from military to civilian life. Physical Activity and Community Engagement (PACE) is a program which combines routine vigorous-intensity exercise with community engagement. The program builds on emergent evidence supporting the benefits of routine vigorous-intensity exercise among and establishing social connection. Using a randomized controlled trial (N = 60), we will obtain feasibility data and initial effect sizes for the early effects of PACE on reintegration difficulties.
Staffing and workforce issues in the pediatric intensive care unit.

The health care industry is in the midst of incredible change, and unfortunately, change is not easy. The intensive care unit (ICU) plays a critical role in the overall delivery of care to patients in the hospital. Care in the ICU is expensive. One of the best ways of improving the value of care delivered in the ICU is to focus greater attention on the needs of the critical care workforce. Herein, we highlight three major areas of concern—the changing model of care delivery outside of the traditional four walls of the ICU, the need for greater diversity in the pediatric critical care workforce, and the widespread problem of professional burnout and its impact on patient care.
Health Insurance Literacy and Health Disparities in the United States: A Literature Review

This paper presents a literature review of health insurance literacy with a focus on specialized populations in the U.S. and how limited health literacy skills exacerbate health disparities. This discussion places this issue within the context of contemporary U.S. health care reform and makes connections between health insurance coverage and health disparities. This overview of the research on health insurance literacy covers research across the health insurance spectrum, from awareness of health insurance options to assessments of health literacy skills in specific populations as well as from readability of health insurance informational materials to the availability of multilingual services. In exploring the demographic variables associated with lower health insurance literacy skills, this paper reviews the body of current research in this area to make connections between populations more likely to have unequal access to health care and how having limited skills in navigating the U.S. health care system may compound these disparities. In addition, this paper proposes an Integrated Framework for Health Insurance Literacy as a method for further studying the connections between demographic factors, health coverage, health status, and health insurance literacy skills.
In vitro serum stability of two GRPR-targeting probes

1614 Objectives: The objective of the present work was to study in vitro serum stability of two GRPR-targeting probes based on DO3A conjugates, one being agonist (AMBA) and another being antagonist (RM26), in mouse, canine, and human serum at 37oC. Methods: Two targeting ligands that recognize GRPR receptors were synthesized, purified, and characterized by MALDI mass spectral and HPLC analysis. These are: DO3A-t-BBN (AMBA, Agonist) where DO3A is DO3A-CH2CO, t-BBN = G-[4-aminobenzoyl]-QWAVGHLM-NH2; andDO3A-RM26 (Antagonist); RM26 = G-[4-aminiobenzoyl]-F(d)QWAVGHLµL-NH2 with F(d)-Phenyl alanine with configuration d, and amino acid abbreviation µ being 3S, 4S-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid. Mouse and human serum (MP Biomedicals), canine serum (Immunoreagents, Inc.), and 177LuCl3 (MURR) were used in this study. Both probes were radiolabeled with 177Lu and a known amount of a 177Lu-labeled probe was mixed with the serum, incubated at 37oC, and the degradation, in triplicate, was monitored with time by a Reversed-Phase (RP) HPLC method. The method involved using an Agilent HPLC which is interfaced with a Lablogic Radioisotope Detector (RID) and a Laura software. Results: The GRPR-targeting ligands were purified by a semi-prep RP-HPLC method and characterized by MALDI mass spectral analysis. A 177Lu labeling and an RP-HPLC analytical method for monitoring degradation of the GRPR-targeting probes in mouse, human and canine serum were developed. Serum stability of 177Lu-AMBA and 177Lu(DO3A-RM26) in mouse, canine, and human, respectively, was monitored by the reduction in the main radioactivity HPLC peak of the corresponding probe. Half-lives of in vitro serum degradation for each probe were calculated, by fitting the degradation data to a first-order kinetics model. The calculated half-lives (in h, n=3) were 3.1 [1], 16.4+0.6; 10.1+0.5, 19.0+0.8; and 38.8 [1], 141+5 in mouse, canine, and human serum for 177Lu-AMBA and 177Lu(DO3A-RM26), respectively. In general, the antagonist was found to be more stable than the agonist in mouse, canine, and human serum and the serum stability followed the order human>canine>mouse. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the serum stability of antagonist, 177Lu(DO3A- RM26), is greater than agonist, 177Lu-AMBA. [1] Lantry LE, Cappelletti E, Maddalena, ME et al. 177Lu-AMBA: Synthesis and Characterization of a Selective 177Lu-Labeled GRP-R Agonist for Systemic Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med. 2006; 47: 1144-1152.
Differences in Histone Acetylation Levels in CD34+ Cells between Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): Correlation between Higher Levels of Histone 2B Acetylation and Survival in AML.

Histone acetylation, along with DNA methylation, is a major epigenetic silencing mechanism believed to play a role in oncogenesis. Agents counteracting histone acetylation, such as the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sodium phenylbutyrate and valproic acid, have shown promise in some types of leukemia and MDS. Despite the interest in HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents, little is known about the levels of histone acetylation and its clinical relevance in leukemia. In this study we used flow cytometry to quantify the levels of histone 2B acetylation (H2B-ac) and H3-ac in CD34+ and CD3+ cells in AML and MDS patients. Quantification using QuantiBRITE and PE (phycoerythrin)-labeled antibodies with a 1:1 ratio allowed us to specifically measure the antibody binding capacity in 100 CD34+ or CD3+ cells (molecules/100 CD34+ or CD3+ cells). While there was no significant difference in H2B-ac in CD3+ cells between previously untreated AML (50 patients) and previously untreated MDS (11 patients), a significantly higher percentage of CD34+ cells in MDS patients were positive for H2B-ac (P=0.03). In contrast, H3-ac levels were significantly higher in CD34+ and CD3+ cells in MDS than in AML (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively). This supports the concept that MDS is not simply a preleukemic disease and the blast population in MDS has characteristics different from those of blasts in AML. In patients with AML, higher levels of H2B-ac in CD34+ cells were associated with longer survival (P=0.03; Figure); multivariate analysis showed that this association was independent of cytogenetic abnormalities. This data confirms that epigenetic changes play a role in clinical behavior in patients with AML and that these patients may benefit from therapy that modifies histone deacetylation.
Using Life History Calendars to Estimate in Utero and Early Life Pesticide Exposure of Latinx Children in Farmworker Families.

(1) Background: Early life exposure to neurotoxic chemicals can have later impacts on child health. Most research designs must assume that current exposure is similar to past. Life history calendar methods can help to provide data on early life exposure. (2) Methods: Life history calendars were completed by mothers of 8-year-old children from Latinx farmworker and non-farmworker families (n = 73 and 65, respectively). Measures were created of months exposure through living adjacent to farm fields and having household members who worked in jobs exposing them to toxic chemicals. Data were divided into time periods of in utero, early childhood (birth-35 months) and later childhood (36–96 months). Cluster analysis compared the measures for children from farmworker and non-farmworker parents. (3) Results: Although, as a group, children from farmworker families have greater lifetime months of probable exposure to pesticides than children in non-farmworker families, cluster analysis reveals groups of children who do not follow that pattern. (4) Conclusions: The life history calendar is a technique for obtaining data on early life toxic chemical exposure that may help assign children to proper exposure groups. Conducting secondary analyses using such information can help to clarify the association of exposures to health outcomes.
ESG and Responsible Institutional Investing Around the World: A Critical Review

This survey examines the vibrant academic literature on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing. While there is no consensus on the exact list of ESG issues, responsible investors increasingly assess stocks in their portfolios based on nonfinancial data on environmental impact (e.g., carbon emissions), social impact (e.g., employee satisfaction), and governance attributes (e.g., board structure). The objective is to reduce exposure to investments that pose greater ESG risks or to influence companies to become more sustainable. One active area of research at present involves assessing portfolio risk exposure to climate change. This literature review focuses on institutional investors, which have grown in importance such that they have now become the largest holders of shares in public companies globally. Historically, institutional investors tended to concentrate their ESG efforts mostly on corporate governance (the “G” in ESG). These efforts included seeking to eliminate provisions that restrict shareholder rights and enhance managerial power, such as staggered boards, supermajority rules, golden parachutes, and poison pills.
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs dominatedinitrogen fixation in biological soil crustsduring early crust formation.

Biological soil crusts (BSC) are key components of ecosystem productivity in arid lands and they cover a substantial fraction of the terrestrial surface. In particular, BSC N2-fixation contributes significantly to the nitrogen (N) budget of arid land ecosystems. In mature crusts, N2-fixation is largely attributed to heterocystous cyanobacteria, however, early successional crusts possess few N2-fixing cyanobacteria and this suggests that microorganisms other than cyanobacteria mediate N2-fixation during the critical early stages of BSC development. DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) with 15N2 revealed that Clostridiaceae and Proteobacteria are the most common microorganisms that assimilate 15N2 in early successional crusts. The Clostridiaceae identified are divergent from previously characterized isolates, though N2-fixation has previously been observed in this family. The Proteobacteria identified share >98.5% SSU rRNA gene sequence identity with isolates from genera known to possess diazotrophs (e.g. Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Shigella, and Ideonella). The low abundance of these heterotrophic diazotrophs in BSC may explain why they have not been characterized previously. Diazotrophs play a critical role in BSC formation and characterization of these organisms represents a crucial step towards understanding how anthropogenic change will affect the formation and ecological function of BSC in arid ecosystems.
Automated Design and Optimization of Origami Electromagnetic Structures [EM Programmer's Notebook]

Origami electromagnetic (EM) structures are promising technologies for deployable and reconfigurable EM structures such as antennas and frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs). However, these structures present CAD modeling difficulties due to their complex geometries. Studying the effects of origami substrate folding on EM performance demands multiple CAD models at different fold angles. Also, optimization of such structures for desired EM performance requires analysis of many CAD models. To enable fast CAD modeling, we introduce a toolset for automated modeling of origami EM structures. The proposed toolset uses origami mathematics for generating thin origami models. The thin models are then converted to thick substrates with conductive regions by implementing additional mathematical algorithms. Automated CAD modeling is achieved using Visual Basic Scripting (VBS) of the entire design and simulation process in Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) using MATLAB. This toolset is important for future research of origami EM structures because it enables automated CAD modeling and optimization.
The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori

This paper lays out the moral theory of philosopher and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952). Based on a moral epistemology wherein moral concepts are grounded in a well-cultivated moral sense, Montessori develops a threefold account of moral life. She starts with an account of character as an ideal of individual self-perfection through concentrated attention on effortful work. She shows how respect for others grows from and supplements individual character, and she further develops a notion of social solidarity that goes beyond cooperation toward shared agency. Partly because she attends to children's ethical lives, Montessori highlights how character, respect, and solidarity all appear first as prereflective, embodied orientations of agency. Full moral virtue takes up prereflective orientations reflectively and extends them through moral concepts. Overall, Montessori's ethic improves on features similar to some in Nietzschean, Kantian, Hegelian, or Aristotelian ethical theories while situating these within a developmental and perfectionist ethics.
Precision Nutrition Assessment of Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Active Duty Service Members

Objectives Precision nutrition leverages the specificity of molecular and phenotypic differences in personalizing diet and lifestyle interventions.Objective for this phase of the study: 1) examine the effectiveness of gene-based nutrition counseling on behavior change measured by weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, lipids, 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH) D, %body fat (BF), waist circumference, and blood pressure.
Patterns of Genomic Associations Can Define Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Phenotype

Abstract AML can develop after an anteccedent myeloid malignancy (secondary AML [sAML]) or arise de novo (pAML). Genome sequencing technologies have illuminated the complexity of genomic abnormalities that drive AML and contribute to its phenotype. Since identifying a single gene or co-mutated genes unlikely to yield an understanding on how these mutations define disease biology and phenotype, an unbiased approach is needed to study the relationship of those abnormalities to each other and to AML biology. Here, we study these associations using an unbiased approach analogous to Netflix or Amazon's recommender system in which customer who buys A, and B is likely to buy C (the occurrence of mutation A, B, and C is likely to be associated with pAML or sAML). We performed targeted mutational analysis of 468 patients with rigorously defined pAML and sAML. The association between mutations and disease phenotype was investigated by Apriori market basket analysis algorithm. Association rule is a machine learning method that can identify relationships between variables in a large dataset. Clonal architecture of driver vs. subclonal mutations was evaluated by using allele fractions of point mutations in samples with 2 or more mutations and statistically significant clonal heterogeneity. Of 468 patients (pts) were included in the final analysis, 247 had pAML and 221 sAML. The median age for the entire cohort was 64 years (range, 18-100) and 222 pts (47.4%) had normal karyotype (NK). Compared to pts with pAML, those with sAML were older (68 vs 60 years, P Association rules identified the combination of ASXL1 and TET2 along with one of spliceosome mutations (SRSF2, U2AF1, or ZRSR2) as highly specific combination for the sAML phenotype (6% of pts with sAML). Among pts with sAML who does not have any of these mutations, TP53 occurred in 16 pts (7%), DNMT3A in 14 (6%) (Commonly with NPM1WT and FLT3WT), and NRAS in 11 pts (5%). In sAML, 22 pts had TP53, 18 of which (82%) were associated with unfavorable karyotype. Clonal architecture analysis showed that ASXL1 and TET2 were commonly co-mutated as driver clone along with the spliceosome mutations. Association rules can define combinations of genomic abnormalities that can define AML phenotype. This study also show that defining AML phenotype by one gene or two gene mutations undermine the complexity of genomic abnormalities in AML. Unbiased genomic combinations using the recommender system approach may help to understand the complexity of genomic information in AML. Disclosures Sekeres: Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Advani: Pfizer: Consultancy; Takeda/ Millenium: Research Funding. Gerds: CTI BioPharma: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy.