cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Profile of Rat Lung Tissue after Death: Effect of Delayed Post-Mortem O2-Ventilation

Purpose Retrieving lungs from Category 1 non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) for transplant (LTX) requires a mandatory period of ischemia. NHBDs can be ventilated before retrieval. In earlier studies, O2-vent of a NHBD delayed cell death, and improved function after LTX. 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR-spec) identifies all metabolites in an organ. We characterized lung metabolic phenotype with NMR-spec. Methods and Materials To simulate failed resuscitation in the field (Category 1 NHBD), 6 rats were anesthetized, ventilated briefly with 100% O2 via tracheotomy, sacrificed, then the trachea was clamped. After rapid sternotomy, the right upper lobe was ligated, excised, and flash frozen. Inflated but non-vent lobes from 3 rats were ligated and excised hourly x 4. 3 rats were ventilated 1 hr after death with 100% O2 for 1 hr to simulate O2-vent of a NHBD after consent for lung retrieval. NMR spectra were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Results Of nearly 50 metabolites detected by 1 H NMR spec, changes were observed in 23 over 4 hr. Glycolysis persists, more in non-vent lungs. Krebs cycle activity is higher in vent lungs, perhaps due to motion redistributing metabolites. Conclusions NMR-spec can define changes in the lung metabolome due to ischemia. O2-vent of a NHBD started 1 hr after death changes the lung metabolome resulting in more Krebs cycle activity. NMR-spec may identify biomarkers of function, or therapeutic targets to administer to NHBDs. Metabolites Pathways Metabolites Ventilated Non-Vent Krebs (TCA) Cycle Succinate, Glutamine ↔ Krebs (TCA) Cycle Glutamate ↔ ↓ Glycolysis Glucose ↓ ↓ Glycolysis Lactate, Alanine β-Oxidation/Ketone Bodies Acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate ↓ ↓ Phospholipid Intermediates Choline, Phosphocholine, Glycerophsophocholine Nucleotide energy ATP/ADP ↓ ↓ Nucleotide degradation AMP, Inosine, Xanthine, Hypoxanthine Osmolytes/GSH degradation Taurine Amine acceptor Arginine ↔ Amino Acids Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine, Glycine
Raman spectroscopy of dried synovial fluid droplets as a rapid diagnostic for knee joint damage

Human synovial fluid droplets were investigated using drop deposition in combination with Raman spectroscopy. Following informed consent, synovial fluid was obtained from forty human patients with various severities of knee pain and/or osteoarthritis at the time of knee arthroscopy or total joint replacement. Synovial fluid was aspirated from the knee joint of each patient and stored at -80°C until examination by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Synovial fluid aspirates from the knee joint of each patient were deposited onto a clean fused silica microscope slide and the droplet dried under ambient laboratory conditions. Each droplet was illuminated by a line-focused or a ring-focused 785 nm laser. As the droplet dries, biofluid components segregated based on solubility differences and a deposit that is spatially heterogeneous was made. Spectra taken from the droplet edges and center were dominated by protein bands and showed the presence of at least two protein moieties in the droplet. Band area and band height ratios (1410 cm-1/1450 cm-1) showed the greatest change between specimens from patients with mild/early osteoarthritis compared to those with severe/late stage osteoarthritis. The greatest differences were found in the center of the droplet, which contains more soluble protein components than the edges.
EVALUATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND RIPENING AGENT USED IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO WHEN SPRAY-SOLUTION APPLICATION IS DELAYED

Information is limited concerning the effect on efficacy of flue-cured tobacco growth regulators and a ripening agent resulting from delayed application after solution preparation. Efficacy of C8-C...
Clinical significance of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphism.

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) is the main (or partial) cause for large differences in the pharmacokinetics of a number of clinically important drugs. On the basis of their ability to metabolise (S)-mephenytoin or other CYP2C19 substrates, individuals can be classified as extensive metabolisers (EMs) or poor metabolisers (PMs). Eight variant alleles (CYP2C19*2 to CYP2C19*8) that pre-diet PMs have been identified. The distribution of EM and PM genotypes and phenotypes shows wide interethnic differences. Nongenetic factors such as enzyme inhibition and induction, old age and liver cirrhosis can also modulate CYP2C19 activity. In EMs, ∼80% of doses of the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole seem to be cleared by CYP2C19, whereas CYP3A is more important in PMs. Five-fold higher exposure to these drugs is observed in PMs than in EMs of CYP2C19, and further increases occur during inhibition of CYP3A-catalysed alternative metabolic pathways in PMs. As a result, PMs of CYP2C19 experience more effective acid suppression and better healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers during treatment with omeprazole and lansoprazole compared with EMs. The pharmacoeconomic value of CYP2C19 genotyping remains unclear. Our calculations suggest that genotyping for CYP2C19 could save approximately $US5000 for every 100 Asians tested, but none for Caucasian patients. Nevertheless, genotyping for the common alleles of CYP2C19 before initiating PPIs for the treatment of reflux disease and H. pylori infection is a cost effective tool to determine appropriate duration of treatment and dosage regimens. Altered CYP2C19 activity does not seem to increase the risk for adverse drug reactions/interactions of PPIs. Phenytoin plasma concentrations and toxicity have been shown to increase in patients taking inhibitors of CYP2C19 or who have variant alleles and, because of its narrow therapeutic range, genotyping of CYP2C19 in addition to CYP2C9 may be needed to optimise the dosage of phenytoin. Increased risk of toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants is likely in patients whose CYP2C19 and/or CYP2D6 activities are diminished. CYP2C19 is a major enzyme in proguanil activation to cycloguanil, but there are no clinical data that suggest that PMs of CYP2C19 are at a greater risk for failure of malaria prophylaxis or treatment. Diazepam clearance is clearly diminished in PMs or when inhibitors of CYP2C19 are coprescribed, but the clinical consequences are generally minimal. Finally, many studies have attempted to identify relationships between CYP2C19 genotype and phenotype and susceptibility to xenobiotic-induced disease, but none of these are compelling.
Effect of aliphatic dicarboxylate tether on topology in luminescent cadmium coordination polymers containing bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine

Abstract Hydrothermal synthesis has generated a series of luminescent cadmium aliphatic dicarboxylate coordination polymers containing the neutral multitopic bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine (bpfp) ligand, which were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, luminescence spectroscopy. {[Cd(suc)(bpfp)(H2O)]·2H2O}n (1, suc = succinate) has a simple yet very rare 4-connected 658 layered topology. {[Cd(dmg)(bpfp)(H2O)]·H2O}n (2, dmg = 2,2-dimethylglutarate) also shows a 4-connected net, but with a 3-fold interpenetrated sra 42638 topology. {[Cd(Hemg)2(bpfp)(H2O)]·2H2O}n (3, emg = 3-ethyl, 3-methylglutarate) is a simple 1-D chain coordination polymer. {[Cd2(adp)(bpfp)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·2H2O}n (4, adp = adipate) has {Cd2O2} dimeric units linked by adp and exotridentate bpfp ligands into a rare (3,8)-connected tfz-d binodal topology. The oxoanion free derivative [Cd(adp)(bpfp)]n (5) shows a non-interpenetrated 6-connectd pcu topology.
Mechanisms Controlling the Leaching Kinetics of Fixated Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Material under Neutral and Acidic Conditions

A number of agricultural and engineering uses for fixated flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material exist; however, the potential for leaching of hazardous elements has limited widespread application and the processes controlling the leaching of this material are poorly understood. In this study, a flow-through rotating-disk system was applied to elucidate the relative importance of bulk diffusion, pore diffusion, and surface chemical reaction in controlling the leaching of fixated FGD material under pH conditions ranging from 2.2 to 6.8. Changing the hydrodynamics in the rotating disk system did not affect the leaching kinetics at both pH 2.2 and 6.8, indicating that bulk diffusion was not the kinetic-limiting step. Application of the shrinking core model (SCM) to the data suggested a surface reaction-controlled mechanism, rather than a pore diffusion mechanism. The leaching of fixated FGD material increased with decreasing pH, suggesting it can be described by a combination of an intrinsic hydration reaction and a proton-promoted dissolution reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elemental composition analyses before and after leaching suggests that for most elements a number of solid phases controlled the leaching process.
Mechanistically Driven Development of Iridium Catalysts for Asymmetric Allylic Substitution

Enantioselective allylic substitution reactions comprise some of the most versatile methods for preparing enantiomerically enriched materials. These reactions form products that contain multiple functionalities by creating carbon−nitrogen, carbon−oxygen, carbon−carbon, and carbon−sulfur bonds. For many years, the development of catalysts for allylic substitution focused on palladium complexes. However, studies of complexes of other metals have revealed selectivities that often complement those of palladium systems. Most striking is the observation that reactions with unsymmetrical allylic electrophiles that typically occur with palladium catalysts at the less hindered site of an allylic electrophile occur at the more hindered site with catalysts based on other metals. In this Account, we describe the combination of an iridium precursor and a phosphoramidite ligand that catalyzes enantioselective allylic substitution reactions with a particularly broad scope of nucleophiles. The active form of this iridium...
Two weeks of predatory stress induces anxiety-like behavior with co-morbid depressive-like behavior in adult male mice

Psychological stress can have devastating and lasting effects on a variety of behaviors, especially those associated with mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Animal models of chronic stress are frequently used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and mental health disorders and to develop improved treatment options. The current study expands upon a novel chronic stress paradigm for mice: predatory stress. The predatory stress model incorporates the natural predator-prey relationship that exists among rats and mice and allows for greater interaction between the animals, in turn increasing the extent of the stressful experience. In this study, we evaluated the behavioral effects of exposure to 15 days of predatory stress on an array of behavioral indices. Up to 2 weeks after the end of stress, adult male mice showed an increase of anxiety-like behaviors as measured by the open field and social interaction tests. Animals also expressed an increase in depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference test. Notably, performance on the novel object recognition task, a memory test, improved after predatory stress. Taken as a whole, our results indicate that 15 exposures to this innovative predatory stress paradigm are sufficient to elicit robust anxiety-like behaviors with evidence of co-morbid depressive-like behavior, as well as changes in cognitive behavior in male mice.
T4 DNA ligase is more than an effective trap of cyclized dsDNA

T4 DNA ligase is used in standard cyclization assays to trap double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in low-probability, cyclic or highly bent conformations. The cyclization probability, deduced from the relative yield of cyclized product, can be used in conjunction with statistical mechanical models to extract the bending stiffness of dsDNA. By inserting the base analog 2-aminopurine (2-AP) at designated positions in 89 bp and 94 bp dsDNA fragments, we find that T4 DNA ligase can have a previously unknown effect. Specifically, we observe that addition of T4 ligase to dsDNA in proportions comparable to what is used in the cyclization assay leads to a significant increase in fluorescence from 2-AP. This effect is believed to originate from stabilization of local base-pair opening by formation of transient DNA-ligase complexes. Non-specific binding of T4 ligase to dsDNA is also confirmed using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) experiments, which reveal a systematic reduction of dsDNA diffusivity in the presence of ligase. ATP competes with regular DNA for non-covalent binding to the T4 ligase and is found to significantly reduce DNA-ligase complexation. For short dsDNA fragments, however, the population of DNA-ligase complexes at typical ATP concentrations used in DNA cyclization studies is determined to be large enough to dominate the cyclization reaction.
Spin-resolved x-ray photoemission from ferromagnetic nickel

Spin-resolved x-ray photoelectron-spectroscopy (SRXPS) studies of metallic-Ni core-level and valence-band photoemission are reported. Prominent spin polarizations are observed for all main components and satellites. A spin-dependent splitting of 0.38 eV is observed for the main Ni 3s component. The Ni 3s 6-eV satellite, as well as a secondary satellite located \ensuremath{\sim}14 eV from the main 3s peak, both display a nearly 100% majority-spin polarization. Analogous results are found for the Ni 2s level. The 6- and 14-eV satellites are assigned to final states derived from the $^{1}$G and $^{1}$S states, respectively, of a local \ensuremath{\sim}3${\mathit{d}}^{8}$ final-state valence configuration that is created by the shakeup of a \ensuremath{\downarrow}-spin 3d electron to states above ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}}$. The manifestation of these phenomena in SRXPS studies of the Ni valence band, 3p, 2${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$, and 2${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$ core levels is presented and discussed. The SRXPS data are consistent with an itinerant-electron extra-atomic screening model in Ni involving both unoccupied pure 3d states and unoccupied, unpolarized, and hybridized 3d-4sp states. Final-state occupation of these states following photexcitation leads qualitatively to a final-state Ni 3d valence configuration of \ensuremath{\sim}50% 3${\mathit{d}}^{9}$ and \ensuremath{\sim}50% 3${\mathit{d}}^{10}$. The 3${\mathit{d}}^{9}$ configuration is the origin of the satellite production in Ni.
Giving raw data a chance to talk: A demonstration of de-identified Pediatric Research Database (PRD) and exploratory analysis techniques for possible research cohort discovery and identifiable high risk factors for readmission

Materials and methods To overcome these issues and to assist researchers in building hypotheses from raw data, we are working on a methodology and informatics resource called the PRD, an acronym for “Pediatric Research Database.” The PRD is a de-identified database designed to make secondary use of rich data sources, i. e., electronic medical records (EMR). The development of visual analytics [1,2] makes the process of data elaboration, information gathering, knowledge generation, and complex information exploration transparent to tool users and provides researchers with the ability to sort and filter by various criteria, which can lead to strong, novel hypotheses. This database allows researchers to query large patient populations to identify small subsets based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. This not only permits users to detect expected events, such as might be predicted by models, but also helps users discover the unexpected – surprising anomalies, changes, patterns and relationships that are then examined and assessed to develop new insights. Only de-identified data are available from PRD to researchers. We maintain the identified data in a separate HIPAA class server room with very limited access. Individual-level data cannot be accessible without appropriate IRB approval. All potential re-identification attempts are protected by following the best practice de-identification process. All patients’ medical record number is replaced by an arbitrarily generated sequence number in order to prevent re-identification issues. To further protect patient re-identification, all patient count that is less than 10 would return “less than 10 patients” without any information. The outcome goal of the PRD is to facilitate clinical research and improve the health of children.
Yield and second-order effects induced by cyclic strain in copper under tension

Abstract Evaluation is made of how much recovery processes, yield conditions, and the Poynting or other second-order effects may contribute to the axial creep induced by small-amplitude cyclic torsion in copper under tension at room temperature. Results indicate that the significant factors are the yield conditions and the second-order effects, the former contributing most during early cycles and the latter during later. Observations on the yield conditions suggest that the Bauschinger effect has less influence on yield under tension and reversed torsion than might be assumed from classical criteria for yield. Those on the second-order effects show that they can produce surprisingly large axial strain.
Regional cerebral blood flow of the main visual pathways during photic stimulation of the retina in intact and split-brain monkeys.

Abstract The regional cerebral blood flow in response to unilateral photic stimulation of the retina was determined for the principal components of the ipsilateral and contralateral visual pathways in three intact and three “split-brain” monkeys. Three nonstimulated animals served as controls. In the stimulated, intact animals, the visual evoked response and the regional cerebral blood flow were bilaterally symmetrical. In the preparations with surgical section of the optic chiasm and corpus callosum, the ipsilateral visual evoked response was twice the amplitude of the contralateral evoked response, and there was an increase in cerebral blood flow in the lateral geniculate bodies, the optic radiations, and the visual cortices that was significantly greater, at the P = 0.05 level, than the contralateral homologous structures.
Chemometrics and near-infrared spectroscopy : Avoiding the pitfalls

The use of chemometrics in quantitative near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is reviewed from the standpoint of avoiding pitfalls that may lead to misleading or overly optimistic results. Using the NIR analysis of glucose in six-component mixture samples as an example, a set of guidelines is presented to help the analyst develop and implement a successful calibration.
ANDROGEN RECEPTORS IN MOUSE KIDNEY: A STUDY OF MALE, FEMALE AND ANDROGEN-INSENSITIVE (TFM-Y) MICE

In vivo and in vitro androgen binding was studied in kidneys from male, female, and androgen-intensive (tfm/y) mice using sucrose gradient and dextran-coated charcoal assays. The mouse kidney differs from prostate in that it has very low 5a-reductase activity and, as a consequence, very little testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone. Following iv administration of 3H-testosterone, the unmetabolized steriod was bound by a 7.9S cytoplasmic and a 3.6S nuclear macromolecule. In vitrostudies indicated that this testosterone “receptor” complex in cytosol from castrated males hada Kd of 1.7 × 1O-9M binding 5.6 × 10-14 moles/mg cytosol protein. Similar values were obtained using cytosol from intact males and females. The protein nature and heat lability of the receptor and the need for cysteine groups for binding activity was demonstrated. The cytosol receptoralso bound 3H-dihydrotestosterone but with an apparent lesser affinity than for testosterone. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione an...
Monetary Independence in Emerging Markets: Does the Exchange Rate Regime Make a Difference?

This paper compares the impact of shocks to U.S. interest rates and emerging market bond spreads on domestic interest rates and exchange rates across several emerging market economies with different exchange rate regimes. Consistent with conventional priors, the results indicate that interest rates in Hong Kong react much more to U.S. interest rate shocks and shocks to international risk premia than interest rates in Singapore. The results are less clearcut in the comparison of Argentina and Mexico: while interest rates (and the exchange rate) in Mexico seem to react less to U.S. interest rate shocks, they react about the same to bond spread shocks, in addition to a significant impact on the exchange rate.
A multiscale modeling approach to inflammation: A case study in human endotoxemia

Inflammation is a critical component in the body's response to injury. A dysregulated inflammatory response, in which either the injury is not repaired or the inflammatory response does not appropriately self-regulate and end, is associated with a wide range of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. Clinical management of sepsis is a significant problem, but progress in this area has been slow. This may be due to the inherent nonlinearities and complexities in the interacting multiscale pathways that are activated in response to systemic inflammation, motivating the application of systems biology techniques to better understand the inflammatory response. Here, we review our past work on a multiscale modeling approach applied to human endotoxemia, a model of systemic inflammation, consisting of a system of compartmentalized differential equations operating at different time scales and through a discrete model linking inflammatory mediators with changing patterns in the beating of the heart, which has been correlated with outcome and severity of inflammatory disease despite unclear mechanistic underpinnings. Working towards unraveling the relationship between inflammation and heart rate variability (HRV) may enable greater understanding of clinical observations as well as novel therapeutic targets.
Property rights and entrepreneurship in science

This paper examines the evolving relationship in science between the reward structure and entrepreneurial activity. We draw a distinction between two types of property rights. Basic science is fostered by a mechanism of reputational rights; technological advances-and the products and processes they produce - are fostered by a mechanism of proprietary rights. The two forms of property rights differ markedly in terms of the incentives they provide to share information in a timely fashion. We argue that because of a host of factors university-based scientists in certain fields are more likely to “privatize” knowledge today than in the past, trading reputational rights for proprietary rights. Events in the life sciences serve as a case study. A discussion of how privatization affects basic science follows. Although the evidence is far from complete, we conclude that the movement towards privatization may be more beneficial to product development and the scientists engaged in the activity than to basic science.
Cervicogenic dizziness as a cause of vertigo while swimming: an unusual case report

We present the unusual case of a competitive swimmer with cervicogenic dizziness manifesting as vertigo while she was surface swimming. This patient complained of brief and episodic room-spinning vertigo consistently associated with swimming the freestyle stroke and was referred to an otolaryngology clinic for evaluation. She did not have significant complaints of neck pain while swimming. Her history, examination findings, laboratory study results, differential diagnoses, and treatment are discussed in detail. A succinct overview of cervicogenic dizziness--a controversial diagnosis often overlooked by otolaryngologists-is also provided.
Random plasma glucose in serendipitous screening for glucose intolerance: screening for impaired glucose tolerance study 2.

Background With positive results from diabetes prevention studies, there is interest in convenient ways to incorporate screening for glucose intolerance into routine care and to limit the need for fasting diagnostic tests.
Window to a new world: online freshman orientation via portal

In June 2003, Lehigh University embarked on an experiment to present incoming freshmen with an online pre-orientation experience using the SCT Luminis 3 Portal environment. Three main content areas were developed: targeted information about the student's college/program area, a customized course selection tool, and an online Calculus-readiness test integrated with the Blackboard course management system. The goal of this project was to replace the three-day, on-campus pre-orientation program held in July each year, and to introduce the incoming students to the MyLehigh Portal. This paper will present an overview of the content areas developed and deployed, the results of a student satisfaction survey developed to gauge response to this pre-orientation experience, and thoughts on how to improve the process for the future.
THE PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE-EDUCATED POLICE: A STUDY OF SELF-RATED POLICE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Addresses a long‐standing debate as to whether or not college‐educated police officers perform their jobs better than others. Of the 250 officers asked to complete a self‐assessment form, officers with a bachelor’s degree rated themselves higher in a number of performance indicators than did those without a degree. Points out that the results may indicate that educated officers perform better, or it may indicate differences in perceptions about their duties. Whichever is the case, education confers the advantage of better written and oral communication skills. Recommends the use of self‐administered questionnaires to provide data for policy making.
A dynamic process convolution approach to modeling ambient particulate matter concentrations

Elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air have been shown to be associated with certain adverse human health effects. As a result, monitoring networks that track PM levels have been established across the United States. Some of the older monitors measure PM less than 10 µm in diameter (PM10), while the newer monitors track PM levels less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5); it is now believed that this fine component of PM is more likely to be related to the negative health effects associated with PM. We propose a bivariate dynamic process convolution model for PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Our aim is to extract information about PM2.5 from PM10 monitor readings using a latent variable approach and to provide better space-time interpolations of PM2.5 concentrations compared to interpolations made using only PM2.5 monitoring information. We illustrate the approach using PM2.5 and PM10 readings taken across the state of Ohio in 2000. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the density and morphology of submicron ammonium chloride particles

Abstract A procedure using transmission electron microscopy in combination with a microphotometer is described to determine the density of individual ammonium chloride particles. The particles, formed by homogeneous nucleation from the gas phase, were very porous and showed an average density of 0.146 ± 0.013 g cm −3 . Experiments in which the total exposure to the electron beam was increased indicated that the energy absorbed did not cause significant sublimation of the particles during the electron microscopy. Furthermore, cascade impactor measurements of the particle size confirmed this low density.
Silent Communication: Toward Using Brain Signals

This article summarizes the results of the authors' collaborative efforts to date. These efforts are described in detail . In these studies, nine subjects were evaluated temporarily implanted with electrode grids for epilepsy monitoring. Auditory words were presented once at the beginning of each 4-s trial. Visual words were displayed on the screen for the complete duration of a trial. Subjects were asked to either speak aloud (i.e., overtly) or imagine speaking (i.e., covertly) each word. Thus, there were four experimental conditions: visual/actual, audio/actual, visual/imagined, and audio/imagined.audio/imagined.
LambdacI mutants: intragenic complementation and complementation with a cI promoter mutant.

Complementation for the maintenance of lysogeny was studied by superinfecting λcIts lysogens at 34° C, and then heating to 43° C. With certain exceptions,ts mutants with defects in the left half of the repressor complementedts mutants with defects in the right half to produce a less heat-labile repressor (Fig. 3). AllcIamber mutants failed to complementcIts mutants. ThecI mutantc50 complements allts mutants. Mutations in Pre (cy) or genescII andcIII do not significantly affect the expression ofcI by a superinfecting λ genome in an immune lysogen. Mutants with very heat-labile repressors failed to complement λcy42 for the establishment of lysogeny at elevated temperatures, while those with less heatsensitive repressors apparently did complementcy. According to a suggested model, the left side of thecI product is concerned primarily with subunit aggregation, while operator binding is the function of the right side of the oligomer.
Splenic laceration associated with transesophageal echocardiography

T RANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (TEE) is increasingly used intraoperatively by anesthesiologists to provide real-time evaluation of cardiac and intrathoracic structures. Imaging through the esophagus and stomach provides an unobstructed view of these structures, aiding in their clinical management. TEE is generally considered safe. In a multicenter survey of 10,419 awake and sedated TEE examinations, overall significant complications occurred in only 0.18%. 1 Gastrointestinal complications, specifically, are even rarer. These complications have been reported to involve only the alimentary tract traversed by the TEE probe from the lips to the stomach. 1-4 To the authors' knowledge, no injury to tissue outside of the alimentary tract caused by the TEE probe has been reported. A case of splenic laceration after insertion and use of the TEE probe during cardiac surgery is described.
Resolution of BIPHEP on Rh with a chiral diene auxiliary

Abstract Resolution of the atropisomeric chiral BIPHEP ligand on Rh has been achieved with the aid of 2-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-8-methoxy-1,8-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene, a chiral chelating diene ligand. The diene complex 3 containing an (S)-BIPHEP ligand was found to be configurationally stable in CDCl3 solution at RT. Conversion of the diene complex 3 to a dicarbonyl Rh complex 4 that had a barrier of 25.0 kcal/mol for atropisomerization of the BIPHEP ligand. Preliminary studies of the use of the resolved complex 3 for catalysis are presented.
Environmental assessment of information technology products using a triage approach

There is growing need for effective and efficient environmental assessment tools for information technology (IT) products. This paper presents a streamlined life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology using a screening and triage approach. The methodology is applied to the case study of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Global warming potential uncertainty is reduced by identifying and resolving uncertainty around key drivers of impact. The resolution of impact continues until a meaningful level of reduction of uncertainty is achieved, such as the ability to discriminate one class of LCD from another.
Optimal Contracts with Shirking

I explicitly derive the optimal dynamic incentive contract in a standard continuoustime agency setting where the agent has a shirking action. My solution generates two dynamic contracts new to the literature. Both contracts include phases when the agent frequently shirks. In one contract, the shirking phases are relaxation periods rewarding the agent for good performance. In the other, the shirking phases are suspension-type arrangements punishing the agent for poor performance. In addition, I also explore the relationships between optimal contracting and taxes, bargaining and renegotiation.
Nitrogenous compounds of the Colorado Green River Formation oil shale: a preliminary analysis by mass spectrometry.

Nitrogenous compounds from Colorado Green River Formation oil shale using high resolution mass spectrometry
A facility layout method for flexible manufacturing systems

Abstract This facility layout of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) involves the positioning of cells within given boundaries, so as to minimize the total projected travel time between cells. Defining the layout includes specifying the spatial coordinates of each cell, its orientation in either a horizontal or vertical position, and the location of its load/unload point. We refer to this problem as the FMS facility layout problem (FLP). In this paper we present a four-step heuristic methodology for solving the FLP. This heuristic combines variable partitioning and integer programming methods to generate an open field type of layout.
Neighborhood subtree tolerance graphs

Abstract In this paper, we introduce neighborhood subtree tolerance (NeST) graphs which are defined in terms of the tolerance-intersection of neighborhood subtrees of a tree. This class of graphs extends the class of interval tolerance graphs which are defined in terms of the tolerance-intersection of intervals on the real line. Interval tolerance graphs were first introduced by Golumbic and Monma as tolerance graphs. Some relationships among interval tolerance, NeST, and weakly triangulated graphs are examined. The main result shows that NeST graphs are weakly triangulated graphs. In addition, proper NeST graphs are shown to be exactly bounded NeST graphs and NeST graphs with constant tolerance are shown to be strongly chordal.
“Body‐As‐World”: Kenneth Burke's Answer to the Postmodernist Charges Against Sociology

Postmodernism charges that sociological methods project ways of thinking and being from the past onto the future, and that sociological forms of presentation are rhetorical defenses of ideologies. ...
Effects of agricultural practices on the binding and fate of 14C‐parathion in soil

Abstract The effects of agricultural practices on the formation of unextractable, bound residues of 14C‐(ring)‐parathion in a Piano silt loam soil were investigated. Relative binding of 14C‐parathion in soil decreased with increasing application rates of the insecticide. Thus, with a 1 ppm application rate, 31% of the initially applied radiocarbon was bound after 4 weeks, while binding at application rates of 10 and 45 ppm amounted to only 22% and 17% of the applied dose, respectively. This decreased binding at higher application rates resulted in an increased persistence of extractable 14C‐parathion residues. Binding of 14C‐parathion in soil was also greater after the insecticide had been uniformly mixed with the soil than when it was applied to the soil surface. Thus, an application of 14C‐parathion at 15 ppm resulted in 27% binding after 4 weeks when uniformly mixed with the soil, but only 20% when applied to the soil surface. With both the mixed and the surface applications, more binding of 14C‐parath...
Does brand identification transform alumni into university advocates

Colleges and universities are now plunging themselves into practices like branding as a mechanism for combating decreasing government funds and increasing engagement of alumni and potential donors. This article explores whether brand identification elicited brand-supportive behaviors from university alumni. Using a web-based instrument, the researchers surveyed alumni of a mid-sized state-run university in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to see if identification affected promotional behaviors like word-of-mouth support, harboring a competitive attitude towards out groups, and seeking contact with the university website and social media avenues. The study highlighted that brand identification and interpretation of the university brand, expressed in distinctiveness and attractiveness, positively influenced alumni supportive behaviors. This study expands on the understanding of identification as it relates to alumni behaviors that ultimately support the university brand. This research offers support for the importance and value of brand management in higher education.
Spectral Tolerance Determination for Multivariate Optical Element Design

Recent reports from our laboratory have described a method for all-optical multivariate chemometric prediction from optical spectroscopy. The concept behind this optical approach is that a spectral pattern (a regression vector) can be encoded into the spectrum of an optical filter. The key element of these measurement schemes is the multivariate optical element (MOE), a multiwavelength interference-based spectral discriminator that is tied to the regression vector of a particular measurement. The fabrication of these MOEs is a complex operation that requires precise techniques. However, to date, no quantitative means of determining the allowable design/ manufacturing errors for MOEs has existed. The purpose of the present report is to show how the spectroscopy of a sample is used to define the accuracy with which MOEs must be designed and manufactured. We conclude this report with a general treatment of spectral tolerance and a worked example. The worked example is based on actual experimental measurements. We show how the spectral bandpass is defined operationally in a real problem, and how the statistics of the theoretical regression vector influence both the bandpass and the minimum tolerances. In the experimental example, we demonstrate that tolerances range continuously between 1 (totally tolerant) to approximately 10–3 (0.1% T) in this problem.
Bringing the skills laboratory home: an affordable webcam-based personal trainer for developing laparoscopic skills.

Objective The purpose of this work was to develop a more flexible system of laparoscopic surgery training with demonstrated effectiveness and construct validity. Hypotheses A personal, portable, durable laparoscopic trainer can be designed at low cost. The evaluation of expert surgeons on this device will reveal technical superiority over novices. With practice, novice surgeons can improve their performance significantly as measured by scores derived from performing skills with this training device. Design Prospective trial with observation and intervention components. The first aspect was observational comparison of novice and expert performance. The second was a prospective static-group comparison with pretest/posttest single-sample design. Setting Tertiary-care academic medical center with affiliated general surgery residency. Participants A total of 21 junior surgical residents and 5 experienced operators. Main Outcome Measures Performance was assessed by the 5 tasks in the McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills (MISTELS): pegboard transfer, pattern cutting, placement of ligating loop, extracorporeal knotting, and intracorporeal knotting. Each task was assessed for accuracy and speed. Results Expert surgeons scored significantly higher than novices on total score and 4 of the 5 MISTELS tasks (peg transfer, pattern cut, extracorporeal knot, and intracorporeal knot). After 4 months of home-based training, the novices improved in total score and 3 of the 5 tasks (peg transfer, pattern cut, and extracorporeal knot). Conclusions A low-cost personal laparoscopic training device can be built by individual residents. With their use, residents can significantly improve performance in important surgical skills. Evaluation of the system supports its validity.
ShakeOut drill emphasizes importance of earthquake preparedness, education

“Please pardon this interruption,” Aimee Monticchio, principal of Langston Hughes Middle School in Reston, Va., announced over the school's public address system at 10:18 A.M. on 18 October. Time to drop, cover, and hold on, she told the 965 seventh and eighth graders. They were practicing the safety steps in an earthquake drill along with an estimated 1.8 million other people in the southeastern United States taking part in the region's first Great ShakeOut awareness exercise. ShakeOut exercises have been held in California since 2008, and the drills have gradually spread to other parts of the United States and to other countries as well.
Automatic physical design tuning: workload as a sequence

The area of automatic selection of physical database design to optimize the performance of a relational database system based on a workload of SQL queries and updates has gained prominence in recent years. Major database vendors have released automated physical database design tools with the goal of reducing the total cost of ownership. An important assumption underlying these tools is that the workload is a set of SQL statements. In this paper, we show that being able to treat the workload as a sequence, i.e., exploiting the ordering of statements can significantly broaden the usage of such tools. We present scenarios where exploiting sequence information in the workload is crucial for performance tuning. We also propose techniques for addressing the technical challenges arising from treating the workload as a sequence. We evaluate the effectiveness of our techniques through experiments on Microsoft SQL Server.
Ion Cyclotron Wave Dissipation in the Solar Corona: The Summed Effect of More than 2000 Ion Species

In this paper the dissipation of ion cyclotron resonant Alfven waves in the extended solar corona is examined in detail. For the first time, the wave damping arising from more than 2000 low-abundance ion species is taken into account. Useful approximations for the computation of coronal ionization equilibria for elements heavier than nickel are presented. Also, the Sobolev approximation from the theory of hot-star winds is applied to the resonant wave dissipation in the solar wind, and the surprisingly effective damping ability of "minor" ions is explained in simple terms. High-frequency (10-10,000 Hz) waves propagating up from the base of the corona are damped significantly when they resonate with ions having charge-to-mass ratios of about 0.1, and negligible wave power would then be available to resonate with higher charge-to-mass ratio ions at larger heights. This result confirms preliminary suggestions from earlier work that the waves that heat and accelerate the high-speed solar wind must be generated throughout the extended corona. The competition and eventual equilibrium between wave damping and wave replenishment may explain observed differences in coronal O VI and Mg X emission line widths.
Public-private partnerships and information technologies for development in India

This paper critically examines the theory and practice of public-private partnerships (PPPs) through the example of information and communication technologies and development (ICT4D) in India. The paper compares the roles of, and relationships between, the state and small scale entrepreneurs in ICT4D efforts in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Through this comparison it shows how the political economy within which PPP models operate, and in particular the state's relative emphasis on financial versus social goals, determines who benefits most from current ICT4D projects. It finds that, despite pro-poor intentions, and regardless of levels of state involvement in projects, the benefits of these projects are mainly captured by the middle classes. Micro-entrepreneurs who run ICT enabled businesses and maintain close connections with the state are also likely to benefit from PPPs through increased incomes. The paper further argues that, through these ICT4D projects, states in India are trying to reshape themselves into market friendly, efficient entities that traditionally defined the private sector. It finds that in this negotiation, the state is not dasiaprivatizedpsila, but retains a sense of its own development agenda and remains necessary for the credibility of PPPs in civil society.
Cell wall architecture: normal development and environmental modification of guard cells of the Cyperaceae and related species

Abstract. The development and cell wall architecture of guard cells in the Cyperaceae were studied with light and electron microscopy. Development occurs along parallel files and results in a stomatal complex that consists of two guard cells each flanked by a subsidiary cell. The developmental pattern and general morphology are thus similar to that in the Gramineae. Several key differences, however, were observed. Wall synthesis in the Cyperaceae, as observed in the polarization and fluorescence microscope, occurs suddenly, within three to four complexes along a file, but is more gradual in the Gramineae. Mature cell walls in the Cyperaceae predominantly contain microfibrils oriented radially relative to the pore, while those in the Gramineae contain axial microfibrils. This difference was demonstrated in numerous species using freshly-collected as well as preserved material. In Cyperus esculentus, however, the alignment of microfibrils appears to be subject to environmental modification. Plants grown in the greenhouse contain guard cells with axial microfibrils, compared to the radial arrangement found in those grown in the field. In the former, wall is deposited gradually, as in the Gramineae. On return to more stressful conditions, radially micellated guard cells again develop. In each case, the cortical cytoplasm adjacent to areas where the wall is to thicken contains microtubules oriented parallel to the microfibril alignment characteristic of that treatment. These results are discussed in terms of the role of varied wall architecture in stomatal mechanics, the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis, and the evolutionary relationship of the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and other taxa.
A novel 7-nucleotide motif located in 3' untranslated sequences of the immediate-early gene set mediates platelet-derived growth factor induction of the JE gene.

Abstract A cohort of the serum and growth factor regulated immediate-early gene set is induced with slower kinetics than c-fos. Two of the first immediate-early genes characterized as such, c-myc and JE, are contained within this subset. cis-acting genomic elements mediating induction of the slower responding subset of immediate-early genes have never been characterized. Herein we characterize two widely separated genomic elements which are together essential for induction of the murine JE gene by platelet-derived growth factor, serum, interleukin-1, and double-stranded RNA. One of these elements is novel in several regards. It is a 7-mer, TTTTGTA, found in the proximal 3' sequences downstream of the JE stop codon. The 3' element is position dependent and orientation independent. It does not function in polyadenylation, splicing, or destabilization of the JE transcript. Copies of the 7-mer or its inverse are found at comparable 3' sites in 25 immediate-early genes that encode transcription factors or cytokines. Given its general occurrence, the 7-mer may be a required cis-acting control element mediating induction of the immediate-early gene set.
Vibratory Compaction: I, Compaction of Spherical Shapes

Experiments were made on the compaction of steel spheres in cylindrical containers. Shot was vibrated in the system resonance region. Uniform density was achieved by the use of a restraining device and the superimposition of a second vibratory mode normal to the axial mode. Equations were derived for the packing efficiency of spheres. The equations allow calculation of packing fractions of multicomponent systems in terms of diameter ratios only.
Type of Automation Failure: The Effects on Trust and Reliance in Automation:

Past automation research has focused primarily on machine-related factors (e.g., automation reliability) and human-related factors (e.g., accountability). Other machine-related factors such as type...