cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards faster activity search using embedding-based subsequence matching

Event search is the problem of identifying events or activity of interest in a large database storing long sequences of activity. In this paper, our topic is the problem of identifying activities of interest in databases where such activities are represented as time series. In the typical setup, the user presents a query that represents an activity of interest, and the system needs to retrieve the most similar activities stored in the database. We focus on the case where the best database matches are not segmented a priori: the database contains representations of long, continuous activity, that occurs throughout relatively extensive periods of time, and, given a query, there are no constraints as to when exactly a database match starts and ends within the longer activity pattern where it is contained. Using the popular DTW measure, the best database matches can be found using dynamic programming. However, retrieval time is linear to the size of the database and can become too long as the database size becomes larger. To achieve more efficient retrieval time, we apply to this problem a recently proposed technique called Embedding-based Subsequence Matching (EBSM), and we demonstrate that using EBSM we can obtain significant speedups in retrieval time.
Whey Protein Isolate and Glyco-macropeptide Recovery from Whey Using Ion Exchange Chromatography

ABSTRACT: Cation exchange was used to recover whey protein isolate (WPI) from sweet whey, and the effluent was fed to an anion exchanger to recover glycomacropeptide (GMP). Nearly all of the major whey proteins (α-lactalbu-min, β-lactoglobulin, immunoglobulin G, and serum albumin) and about half of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were recovered by the cation exchanger. No GMP was recovered by the cation exchanger. The anion exchanger recovered nearly all of the GMP from the effluent of the cation exchanger, accounting for about half of the remaining TKN. This process is the first to simultaneously manufacture WPI and GMP from a single stream of whey, increasing the value obtained from whey.
Phase-field model for solidification of a eutectic alloy

In this paper we discuss two phase-field models for solidification of a eutectic alloy, a situation in which a liquid may transform into two distinct solid phases. The first is based on a regular solution model for the solid with a chemical miscibility gap. This model suffers from the deficiency that, in the sharp interface limit, it approximates a free-boundary problem in which the surface energy of the solid-solid interface is zero and consequently mechanical equilibrium at a trijunction requires that the solid-solid interface has zero dihedral angle (locally planar). We propose a second model which uses two order parameters to distinguish the liquid phase and the two solid phases. We provide a thermodynamically consistent derivation of this phase-field model which ensures that the local entropy production is positive. We conduct a sharp interface asymptotic analysis of the liquid-solid phase transition and show it is governed by a free-boundary problem in which both surface energy and interface kinetics are present. Finally, we consider a sharp interface asymptotic analysis of a stationary trijunction between the two solid phases and the liquid phase, from which we recover the condition that the interfacial surface tensions are in mechanical equilibrium (Young's equation). This sharp interface analysis compares favourably with numerical solutions of the phase-field model appropriate to a trijunction.
Siblings, Birth Order, and Cooperative-Competitive Social Behavior A Comparison of Anglo-American and Mexican-American Children

Several researchers have suggested that the consistently found Anglo-American/ Mexican-American difference in cooperative-competitive social behavior is at least partly a result of the relatively larger Mexican-American family size. To test that hypothesis, 126 Anglo-American and 63 Mexican-American children were administered the Social Behavior Scale and their mothers were interviewed to determine the number of siblings and the ordinal position of the child. The results revealed cultural, age, and sex differences similar to those obtained in previous studies, and indicated that the Mexican-American children did indeed have more siblings and differed significantly in birth order compared to the Anglo-American children. However, the results did not demonstrate a significant relation between cooperative-competitive social behavior and the number of siblings or birth order; and after statistically controlling for the number of siblings and birth order, the cultural, age, and sex difference in cooperative-com...
Traumatic aneurysms of cerebral vessels: a case study and review of the literature

Traumatic cerebral aneurysms (TCAs) are rare: few more than 100 cases are recorded in the world literature. TCAs are located predominantly in the supratentorial compartment and are classified as either "true" or "false." A true aneurysm is a dilation resulting from partial disruption of the arterial wall. A false aneurysm results from a full-thickness tear, with the scar from the brain tissue or an organized hematoma acting as the aneurysmal wall. The authors present a case of a false traumatic aneurysm of the pericallosal artery, which was discovered in a young patient fourteen months after a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his head. The aneurysm was an incidental finding on a CT scan performed for the investigation of his late posttraumatic seizures. Its presence was confirmed by angiography. The interval between the traumatic episode and the diagnosis of a TCA usually ranges from a few hoursto a few weeks, for most are discovered by angiography performed in the acute or subacute stage of a head injury....
Linkage disequilibrium mapping of Arabidopsis CRY2 flowering time alleles

The selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been proposed to be well suited for linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping as a means of identifying genes underlying natural trait variation. Here we apply LD mapping to examine haplotype variation in the genomic region of the photoperiod receptor CRYPTOCHROME2 and associated flowering time variation. CRY2 DNA sequences reveal strong LD and the existence of two highly differentiated haplogroups (A and B) across the gene; in addition, a haplotype possessing a radical glutamine-to-serine replacement (AS) occurs within the more common haplogroup. Growth chamber and field experiments using an unstratified population of 95 ecotypes indicate that under short-day photoperiod, the AS and B haplogroups are both highly significantly associated with early flowering. Data from six genes flanking CRY2 indicate that these haplogroups are limited to an approximately 65-kb genomic region around CRY2. Whereas the B haplogroup cannot be delimited to <16 kb around CRY2, the AS haplogroup is characterized almost exclusively by the nucleotide polymorphisms directly associated with the serine replacement in CRY2; this finding strongly suggests that the serine substitution is directly responsible for the AS early flowering phenotype. This study demonstrates the utility of LD mapping for elucidating the genetic basis of natural, ecologically relevant variation in Arabidopsis.
Query by Transduction

There has been recently a growing interest in the use of transductive inference for learning. We expand here the scope of transductive inference to active learning in a stream-based setting. Towards that end this paper proposes Query-by-Transduction (QBT) as a novel active learning algorithm. QBT queries the label of an example based on the p-values obtained using transduction. We show that QBT is closely related to Query-by-Committee (QBC) using relations between transduction, Bayesian statistical testing, Kullback-Leibler divergence, and Shannon information. The feasibility and utility of QBT is shown on both binary and multi-class classification tasks using SVM as the choice classifier. Our experimental results show that QBT compares favorably, in terms of mean generalization, against random sampling, committee-based active learning, margin-based active learning, and QBC in the stream-based setting.
Bacterial Communities of Bartonella-Positive Fleas : Diversity and Community Assembly Patterns

We investigated the bacterial communities of nine Bartonella-positive fleas (n = 6 Oropsylla hirsuta fleas and n = 3 Oropsylla montana fleas), using universal primers, clone libraries, and DNA sequencing. DNA sequences were used to classify bacteria detected in a phylogenetic context, to explore community assembly patterns within individual fleas, and to survey diversity patterns in dominant lineages.
Measurement of glacier geophysical properties from InSAR wrapped phase

A method is presented for calculating longitudinal glacier strain rates directly from the wrapped phase of an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferogram assuming the ice flow path is known. This technique enables strain rates to be calculated for scenes lacking any velocity control points or areas within a scene where the phase is not continuously unwrappable from a velocity control point. The contributions to the error in the estimate of the strain rate are evaluated, and recommendations for appropriate SAR and InSAR parameters are presented. An example using Radarsat-1 InSAR data of an East Antarctic ice stream demonstrates the technique for calculating longitudinal strain rate profiles and estimating tensile strength of ice (186-215 kPa) from locations of crevasse initiation. The strain rate error was found to be 17% corresponding to a tensile strength of ice error of 5.3%.
Microstrip design laboratory

Design concepts, fabrication, measurements, and optimization of a microstrip filter, directional coupler, and amplifier are presented. The microstrip circuit implementation is simple and easily alterable for optimization. Results from an undergraduate laboratory course are presented which show reasonable agreement with design parameters, and the optimization process adds to the educational experience. >
Thrombin and interleukin-1β decrease HOX gene expression in human first trimester decidual cells: implications for pregnancy loss

Bleeding or inflammation in early pregnancy may result in pregnancy loss or defective implantation. Their effect on HOX gene expression in first trimester decidua is unknown. Bleeding results in thrombin generation, although infection or inflammation results in production of cytokines typified by Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). First trimester decidual cells were pretreated with 17beta estradiol (E(2)), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or both and subsequently treated with thrombin or IL-1beta. Affymetrix microarray analysis was used to assess the expression of all HOX genes and confirmed using real-time RT-PCR. E(2) or MPA treatment resulted in significant increases in HOXA10 and HOXA11. Subsequent treatment with thrombin resulted in diminished expression of HOXA10 and HOXA9. Treatment with IL-1beta resulted in decreased expression of HOXA1, 3, 9, 10 and 11. HOXA10 expression was reduced by 70% after thrombin treatment (P = 0.018) and by 90% after IL-1beta treatment (P = 0.004). HOXA11 mRNA expression was decreased by 88% after IL-1beta treatment (P < 0.001), but not by thrombin treatment. Decidua was collected at the time of elective termination of pregnancy (n = 10) or surgical treatment of spontaneous pregnancy loss (n = 10). Real-time PCR and western analysis demonstrated decreased HOXA10 and HOXA11 RNA and protein expression in the decidua of spontaneous pregnancy loss compared with that of viable pregnancies. In conclusion, multiple HOX genes are expressed in decidual cells and inhibited by thrombin and IL-1beta. Since HOXA10 and HOXA11 are known to be necessary for successful pregnancy, these findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which bleeding or inflammation may affect pregnancy outcome.
Depth of penetration of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in the human prostate at various dosimetry

Abstract Objective. To determine depth of thermal penetration by the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser at various dosimetry in the human prostate and to compare results of two techniques of laser application, single spot versus whole tissue photoirradiation. Methods. Twelve men with Stage T2 (B) cancer of the prostate consented to laser prostatectomy immediately prior to a planned radical prostatectomy. In the first 3 patients (group I) the prostate was treated with the Nd:YAG laser in one spot area of each lobe. The next 9 patients underwent photoirradiation of all endoscopically visible tissues on one side of the prostate at different dosimetries: 60 W at sixty seconds (group II), 50 W at sixty seconds (group III), and 40 W at ninety seconds (group IV). Depth of laser penetration was measured from both histologic and gross evaluations of removed specimens within twenty-four hours. Results. Thermal necrosis in group I showed an inconsistent depth of penetration even with the same amount of laser energy. Groups II, III, and IV all demonstrated clearly demarcated areas of thermal necrosis. Group II showed the greatest depth of laser effect among all groups, with a mean depth of 1.75 cm. No laser effect is detected near the true capsule of the prostate on any specimen. Conclusions. High dosage laser energy application at 60 W and sixty seconds of pulse duration with the whole tissue treatment provide the greatest depth of penetration in the human prostate while maintaining safety for the capsular area.
Exercise Parameters and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality Among Patients Who Use Pulmonary Medications: The FIT Project

Abstract Background In the general population, the exercise treadmill testing variables of lower resting heart rate, higher peak heart rate, and greater fitness have favorable prognosis for mortality. Patients with obstructive lung disease have increased mortality risk. Furthermore, some pulmonary medications (ie, beta2-agonists) can influence heart rate. We determined whether exercise treadmill test parameters carry the same prognostic value in patients who are using versus not using pulmonary medications. Methods We analyzed data on 69,855 patients (mean age, 55 years) who completed a clinically indicated exercise treadmill test. Patients were defined as having "lung disease" if they were taking medications routinely used to treat obstructive lung disease (n = 6145, 9%). International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes regarding the type of lung disease were not available. Multivariate-adjusted Cox models were used to determine the risk of mortality, major adverse cardiac events, and myocardial infarction over a mean of 11 years follow-up. Results Higher resting heart rate was associated with increased mortality risk, and higher peak heart rate and fitness were associated with decreased risk. No significant interaction for lung disease status was seen for the heart rate variables, but a slightly stronger protective effect was observed for higher fitness among patients with lung disease ( P interaction = .032). The results were similar for major adverse cardiac events and myocardial infarction. Conclusions Heart rate parameters achieved on exercise treadmill tests are equally prognostic among patients using versus not using pulmonary medications. Higher fitness was associated with improved clinical outcomes for both; however, the relative benefit of fitness on survival was even greater in patients using pulmonary medications compared with those not using them.
Bunnell Life Pulse High-Frequency Jet Ventilator

The Bunnell Life Pulse® is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved neonatal HFJV device currently available in the USA. Other HFJV devices manufactured abroad have been used in Europe and elsewhere.
Noise Mitigation in Granular and Bit-Patterned Media for HAMR

Feasibility of heat assisted magnetic recording for granular and bit-patterned media (BPM) is evaluated in the context of various noises. Using micromagnetic simulation of renormalized media cells, we predict that the jitter is only 0.58 nm at a head speed of 10 m/s for the bilayer structure of FeRh/FePt when the grain size is 3.2 nm, validating the possibility of 6 Tb/in $^{\mathrm {\mathbf {2}}}$ . We propose a new structure FePt/Cr/X/FePt that uses a Cr layer to produce an antiferromagnetic coupling that mimics the behavior of FeRh/FePt. We also confirmed the consistency of our renormalization approach for cell sizes from 1.0 to 1.5 nm. The temperature distribution is analyzed for BPM for areal densities of 2.2–5 Tb/in $^{\mathrm {{2}}}$ . We have predicted the maximum tolerable on-track bit temperatures at different areal densities and filling factors and substantiate the feasibility of BPM at 5 Tb/in $^{\mathrm {{2}}}$ by observing successful and deterministic switching under a realistic temperature distribution.
Awareness of racial diversity in the Spanish-speaking world among L2 Spanish speakers

For more than 30 years, foreign language instructors have considered approaches to teaching their students about Afro-Latin cultures, yet little research appears to address students' actual awareness of these populations. Using a photo ratings survey, the present study explored the perceptions of postsecondary second language learners and their instructors concerning native Spanish speakers' physical appearance. The mean ratings assigned by the student participants to 24 photos were analyzed in conjunction with the following independent variables: first language, place of origin, race, gender, age, course level, contact with Spanish outside the classroom, having Spanish-speaking friends or family, and travel to Spanish-speaking countries. In addition, both students' and instructors' answers to open-ended questions about native speaker characteristics were analyzed. Results indicated the importance for learners of having contact with Spanish outside the classroom, whether through exposure to media or encounters with Spanish speakers. Implications and suggestions are described for inclusive culture teaching.
Open Treatment for Aortic Trauma

Aortic injury continues to occur, creating screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges for acute care surgery, and trauma, vascular, and thoracic surgery teams. While CT scanning is increasingly being used as a diagnostic modality for proximal descending thoracic aortic injuries, the chest X-ray remains a viable screening test, with aortography for subsequent evaluation of patients who will undergo an open procedure. Although, increasingly, a thoracic endograft will be used in patients with thoracic aortic injuries, some patients with acute injury, and acute and/or long-term complications will not be amenable to an endograft approach, and skills in open repair will be necessary. Continuing higher operative mortality and morbidity (compared to endografts) are anticipated due to the adverse patient selection and complexity of injury.
Neonatal Magnesium Levels Between 24 and 48 Hours of Life and Outcomes for Epilepsy and Motor Impairment in Premature Infants.

Abstract Objective Elevated rates of epilepsy and motor impairments including cerebral palsy are observed in children who were born prematurely. Maternal antenatal magnesium supplementation has been associated with decreased rates of cerebral palsy in infants born prematurely. Our objective was to determine whether the neonatal serum magnesium level between 24 and 48 hours after birth is associated with better long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes (epilepsy, motor impairment) in premature infants. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis in infants born less than 37-weeks gestation over a ten-year period. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal clinical and demographic information was collected. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were estimated under generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations to examine the association of the neonatal serum magnesium level between 24 and 48 hours after birth with the risk of epilepsy and/or motor impairment (spasticity; hypotonia; cerebral palsy). Results The final cohort included 5461 infants born less than 37-weeks gestation from 2002 to 2011. The adjusted relative risk ratio for the combined outcomes of epilepsy and/or motor impairment, controlling for gestational age, current age, maternal magnesium supplementation, maternal steroid administration, five-minute Apgar score, neonatal infection, need for vasopressor use, and birth weight and with serum magnesium level as the main independent variable, was 0.85 ( P = 0.24). Stratified analyses by gestational age less than 32 or greater than 32 weeks were not significantly associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (risk ratio = 0.79 and 1.2, P = 0.12 and 0.49, respectively). A multivariate analysis for the risk of motor impairment alone had a risk ratio of 0.94 ( P = 0.72). Conclusion This study demostrates that the neonatal magnesium level between 24 and 48 hours of life in premature infants is not significantly associated with the risk for developing epilepsy or motor impairment.
Why don’t humanitarian organizations provide safe abortion services?

Although sexual and reproductive health services have become more available in humanitarian settings over the last decade, safe abortion services are still rarely provided. The authors’ observations suggest that four reasons are typically given for this gap: ‘There’s no need’; ‘Abortion is too complicated to provide in crises’; ‘Donors don’t fund abortion services’; and ‘Abortion is illegal’. However, each of these reasons is based on false premises. Unsafe abortion is a major cause of maternal mortality globally, and the collapse of health systems in crises suggests it likely increases in humanitarian settings. Abortion procedures can be safely performed in health centers by mid-level providers without sophisticated equipment or supplies. Although US government aid does not fund abortion-related activities, other donors, including many European governments, do fund abortion services. In most countries, covering 99 % of the world’s population, abortion is permitted under some circumstances; it is illegal without exception in only six countries. International law supports improved access to safe abortion. As none of the reasons often cited for not providing these services is valid, it is the responsibility of humanitarian NGOs to decide where they stand regarding their commitment to humanitarian standards and women’s right to high quality and non-discriminatory health services. Providing safe abortion to women who become pregnant as a result of rape in war may be a more comfortable place for organizations to begin the discussion. Making safe abortion available will improve women’s health and human rights and save lives.
New noninvasive methods to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The undesirable nature of bladder imaging in children for vesicoureteral reflux detection makes the search for noninvasive bladder imaging methods and devices an urgent concern. RECENT FINDINGS Ultrasound imaging of the bladder aided by contrast agents can be performed without ionizing radiation. However, urethral catheterization and contrast instillation is still necessary. The accuracy and reliability are still significant problems with this method. A new method of 'hiding' gadolinium in lysosomes followed by external energy application to rupture the lysosomes releasing the gadolinium for MRI holds future hope, but this research is in its infancy. A novel method to apply external microwave energy to warm the bladder urine with microwave kidney temperature monitoring is being developed. Temperature changes noted in the kidney after bladder warming would indicate vesicoureteral reflux. Further studies are ongoing. SUMMARY Ultrasonography imaging of the bladder to find vesicoureteral reflux has yet to be refined enough to be accurate and reliable for clinical use. MRI studies are in their infancy but may hold future benefit. Noninvasive bladder heating and kidney temperature monitoring is showing promise in animal studies to be a completely noninvasive reflux detection device.
Sequential Sampling Plans for the Bollworm, Heliothis zea

A sequential decision plan based on the sequential probability ratio test has been derived for determining the infestation status of Heliothis zea (Boddie) in cotton. In addition, a sequential counting or estimation plan has also been derived for fixing the coefficient of variation of the mean. Both of these plans are based on 3 years of data from 5 different untreated cotton fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Our general findings based on computer calculations and field trials follow: (1) Five adjacent cotton plants have been found to be a preferable sampling unit to 1- or 3-plant sample units in a sequential decision plan. Although a slight advantage exists in smaller sample units in terms of total plants required, the increased amount of walking between the larger number of small units more than offsets any advantage. (2) If 50 plants per 20 acres arc taken as a practical limit on sampling, up to 25% chance of error must he tolerated in a test of 8 vs. 15 worms/100 plants. Up to 20% chance of error must he tolerated in a test of 10 vs. 20 worms/100 plants. (3) The sequential decision plan agrees well with previous methods (12 5-plant samples) with only one disagreement out of 40 comparisons. In addition, good agreement between predicted and observed sampling requirements was found. (4) Sampling distributions for the cotton bollworm have the characteristic that the sample variance increases more rapidly than the mean. This suggests a clustered spatial pattern and is in wide agreement with the literature. (5) In a sequential counting plan which fixes C, the standard error to mean ratio, very high sampling requirements are indicated at low population means.
THE EFFECT OF HABITAT ON PARENTAL AND HYBRID FITNESS: TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENTS WITH LOUISIANA IRISES

We performed transplant experiments with Louisiana irises to test the assumptions of three models of hybrid zone structure: the bounded hybrid superiority model, the mosaic model, and the tension zone model. Rhizomes of Iris fulva, I. hexagona, and F1 and F2 hybrids were planted at four sites in southeastern Louisiana in 1994. Wild irises grew at all four sites, but differed in genotypic composition among sites. The sites were characterized by (1) pure I. fulva plants; (2) I. fulva-like hybrids; (3) I. hexagona-like hybrids; and (4) pure I. hexagona plants. The sites differed significantly in light availability, soil moisture and chemical composition, and vegetation. Survival of transplants was high in all sites and did not differ significantly among plant classes. Iris hexagona produced significantly more leaf material than I. fulva at the I. hexagona and I. hexagona hybrid sites. The two species did not differ in leaf production at the I. fulva and I. fulva hybrid sites. Leaf production by both classes of hybrid was as great as, or significantly greater than, both parental classes in all sites. Iris hexagona rhizomes gained mass in the I. hexagona and I. hexagona hybrid sites, but lost mass in the I. fulva and I. fulva hybrid sites. Iris fulva rhizomes lost mass in all sites. There were no significant differences in rhizome growth among classes at the I. fulva site. At all other sites, F1 rhizomes grew significantly more than all other classes except for I. hexagona at the I. hexagona hybrid site. There were no significant differences among classes in the production of new ramets. Overall blooming frequencies were 30% for I. fulva, 10% for F1 s, 3% for F2 s, and 0.7% for I. hexagona. Blooming frequency did not differ among sites for I. fulva, but significantly more F1 s bloomed at the I. hexagona site than at the I. fulva site. These results are inconsistent with all three models of hybrid zone structure. They suggest that once rhizomes become established, hybrids can reproduce by clonal growth as successfully as parents in all habitats, and can outperform them in some habitats. Clonal reproduction may ensure the long-term survival of early generation hybrids and allow the establishment of introgressed populations, despite the fact that F1 hybrids are rarely produced in nature.
Market-Based Audience Costs in Real-Time Bidding Advertising Systems

Online promotional messages are often uniquely generated at the individual consumer level based on combinations of demographic, psychographic, and/or behavioral information, dynamically serving a particular digital advertisement to a particular consumer at a particular time. Recently and increasingly, the buying and selling of online advertising space is also achieved programmatically using automated ad exchanges that bring together advertisers, publishers, and consumers to leverage real-time bidding (RTB) auction systems. As the financial costs of advertising largely determine who gets to send promotional messages to whom, when, and where, the pricing dynamics of the emerging advertising ecosystem warrant further attention. It stands to reason if some consumer segments are easier to reach than others, due to being in less demand and/or less expensive at auction, this may have both positive and negative implications linked to consumer vulnerability and the type of advertising in question such as political ads, ads for products and services, or prosocial public services ads.Accordingly, we examined the market-based audience costs in real-time bidding advertising systems and considered the following: How do supply and demand forces in real-time bidding ad networks impact audience pricing at the level of individual traits? Across the advertising campaigns, differential pricing was located within each of the categories targeted including: gender, income, level of education, political affiliation, and relationship status. In the aggregate, systematic differences in individual trait-level pricing may affect the ability to send advertising messages to certain groups. In the context of online political advertising, the ability to target more easily young or old, rich or poor, liberals or conservatives may favor one candidate over another. Paradoxically, a similar advantage emerges for targeting ads that market, for instance, predatory products and services or, conversely, ads that promote healthy behaviors.
Incentive Mechanism Initiated and Applied in Power Corporation

The incentive mechanism is an important content of human resource management.This thesis focuses on the effective method of the power corporation improving the staff enthusiasm,setting up and perfecting the incentive mechanism in salary distribution,performance management,personal development and post competition.In addition,it puts forward the technique and practice of incentive in practical application.
Response to Video Capture of Plastic Surgery Procedures Using the GoPro HERO 3+: Patient Privacy and Compliance

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Effect of H2 Additive on Reactive Ion Etching of β-SiC in CHF3/O2 Plasma

The effect of a low-level (~10%) addition of H2 gas on the reactive ion etching of β-SiC films on Si (100) substrates in a CHF3/O2 plasma has been investigated. The H2 additive was found to prevent the formation of residues in the etched regions, while reducing the β-SiC etch rate but only slightly affecting the SiC/Si etch rate ratio. For example, RIE etching at a pressure of 25 mtorr and an RF power of 200 W (0.4 W/cm2) with 20 sccm of CHF3/60%O2 and 2 sccm of H2 results in a SiC etch rate of 350 A/min, a SiC/Si etch rate ratio of ~1.6, and no residues. The mechanisms involved in the effects of the H2 additive are discussed.
Removable Partial Dentures (RPD) Treatment: A Clinical Guide

Removable partial denture is an integral component of treatment plan development. Its primary goal is the preservation of the integrity of remaining teeth and adjacent structures. Other objectives include the elimination of disease and the replacement of missing teeth and structures as well as the restoration of function in an esthetically pleasing manner. These objectives cannot be achieved without a thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation, complete diagnosis, and adequate treatment plan arranged in a logical sequence.
Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effect of Vitamin D in Bortezomib (B) Resistant Human Myeloma Cell Line (HMCL).

-Introduction: B is a proteasome inhibitor approved for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Despite initial clinical efficacy all patients eventually become resistant to bortezomib and die of progressive disease. Development of newer agents with novel antitumor mechanisms is thus warranted. In vitro antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of vitamin D are reported in various tumor models including MM. This is mediated through vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is also expressed on MM cells. Effect of calcitriol (D 3 ) or its analog paricalcitol (D 2 ) in HMCL resistant to B have not been previously examined. We investigated the antitumor potential of D 3 and D 2 in HMCL sensitive or resistant to B. Method & Results: HMCL sensitive (OPM-2) or resistant to B (OPM-2/BR) were treated with various concentration of D 2 or D 3 . Significant growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis was noted with D 2 and D 3 that was maximal at 3 days (p 2 or D 3 ) was associated with a loss of full-length PARP, decrease in p21 and induction of p27. Levels of the pro-survival molecules P-Akt and P-Erk were also reduced while total Akt and Erk remain unchanged. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the antiproliferative and proapoptotitc effect of vitamin D in HMCL are mediated through interruption of the Akt pathway and were independent of resistance to B. We have initiated a phase I clinical trial to investigate the clinical utility of paricalcitol in relapsed or refractory MM patients.
Catalytic promiscuity and heme-dependent redox regulation of H2S synthesis

The view of enzymes as punctilious catalysts has been shifting as examples of their promiscuous behavior increase. However, unlike a number of cases where the physiological relevance of breached substrate specificity is questionable, the very synthesis of H2S relies on substrate and reaction promiscuity, which presents the enzymes with a multitude of substrate and reaction choices. The transsulfuration pathway, a major source of H2S, is inherently substrate-ambiguous. A heme-regulated switch embedded in the first enzyme in the pathway can help avert the stochastic production of cysteine versus H2S and control switching between metabolic tracks to meet cellular needs. This review discusses the dominant role of enzyme promiscuity in pathways that double as sulfur catabolic and H2S synthetic tracks.
Patterns of medical management of overactive bladder (OAB) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the United States

Aims Overactive bladder (OAB) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent conditions that place a large burden on the United States (US) health care system. We sought to analyze patterns of prescription medication usage for incident OAB in men and women, and for incident BPH in men using US health insurance claims data. Materials and Methods This study used Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Research databases. The data were pooled from diverse points of care. BPH subjects included men age 18+ with the first and last two diagnoses of BPH ≥30 days apart and no BPH diagnosis for 1 year prior. OAB subjects included men and women age 18+, who were diagnosed similarly with incident OAB. The type of medication, medication continuation (persistence), and switching to a different medication were analyzed through September 30, 2013. Results Medication persistence was much higher overall for BPH than OAB (56% vs 34%, respectively, P < 0.0001), and was highest among men with BPH age 65+ (62%). Patients age 18-64 were less likely to continue medication than older adults (age 65+) for both BPH and OAB. A 9.4% of patients in the OAB cohort and 6.9% of men with BPH switched from one medication to another. Conclusions Persistence was higher with BPH than OAB medications overall, whereas switching rates were higher in the OAB group. The lower persistence of OAB medication may be due to less efficacy or tolerability. The possibility of under treatment of OAB also warrants future investigations.
Relevance theory and distributions of judgments in document retrieval

Abstract This article extends relevance theory (RT) from linguistic pragmatics into information retrieval. Using more than 50 retrieval experiments from the literature as examples, it applies RT to explain the frequency distributions of documents on relevance scales with three or more points. The scale points, which judges in experiments must consider in addition to queries and documents, are communications from researchers. In RT, the relevance of a communication varies directly with its cognitive effects and inversely with the effort of processing it. Researchers define and/or label the scale points to measure the cognitive effects of documents on judges. However, they apparently assume that all scale points as presented are equally easy for judges to process. Yet the notion that points cost variable effort explains fairly well the frequency distributions of judgments across them. By hypothesis, points that cost more effort are chosen by judges less frequently. Effort varies with the vagueness or strictness of scale-point labels and definitions. It is shown that vague scales tend to produce U- or V-shaped distributions, while strict scales tend to produce right-skewed distributions. These results reinforce the paper's more general argument that RT clarifies the concept of relevance in the dialogues of retrieval evaluation.
The effect of exposure to sexual appeals in advertisements on memory, attitude, and purchase intention: a meta-analytic review

ABSTRACTResearchers have often attempted to answer the question, ‘Does sex sell?’ In this article, we present a meta-analysis of studies that used an experiment to test the effect of sexual appeals in ads on memory, attitude, and purchase intention. Our analysis revealed a significant positive effect for sexual appeals on ad recognition and recall (weighted Cohen's d = .38, p < .001), but the effect on brand recognition and recall was not significant (d = .09, p = .30). We also found that the effect of sexual appeals on attitude towards the ad was not significant (d = −0.07, p = .26); however, additional analysis showed that males (d = .27, p < .01) evaluate ads with sexual appeals significantly more positively than females (d = −.38, p < .001). Finally, we found a small significant negative effect on brand attitude (d = −.22, p < .05), but no effect on purchase intention (d = .01, p = .94).
Latent heat of traffic moving from rest

Contrary to traditional thinking and driver intuition, here we show that there is no benefit to ground vehicles increasing their packing density at stoppages. By systematically controlling the packing density of vehicles queued at a traffic light on a Smart Road, drone footage revealed that the benefit of an initial increase in displacement for close-packed vehicles is completely offset by the lag time inherent to changing back into a 'liquid phase' when flow resumes. This lag is analogous to the thermodynamic concept of the latent heat of fusion, as the 'temperature' (kinetic energy) of the vehicles cannot increase until the traffic 'melts' into the liquid phase. These findings suggest that in situations where gridlock is not an issue, drivers should not decrease their spacing during stoppages in order to lessen the likelihood of collisions with no loss in flow efficiency. In contrast, motion capture experiments of a line of people walking from rest showed higher flow efficiency with increased packing densities, indicating that the importance of latent heat becomes trivial for slower moving systems.
Insights into insulin resistance, lifestyle, and anthropometric measures of patients with prior colorectal cancer compared to controls: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Study

Abstract Background Insulin resistance (IR) increases the risk of index colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Limited data exist on IR values, lifestyle, and anthropometric alterations of patients after CRC diagnosis, a population at high risk for CRC recurrence. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2010. We identified patients with and without prior CRC above age 50. Our outcomes were lifestyle, anthropometric measures, and IR measured using the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio and the homeostasis model assessment IR. Results There were 146,841 patients with prior CRC and 26,979,507 without prior cancer (controls) in our cohort. Prior patients with CRC were significantly older than controls (75.8 vs 62.3, P Conclusion Patients with prior CRC above age 50 have no conclusive evidence of increased IR compared to non-CRC controls. This is possibly due to lesser weight gain in the peri-CRC diagnosis or treatment period. Future efforts should focus on alternate etiologies for the increased CRC recurrence in this high-risk group.
Ultraviolet imaging of planetary nebulae with GALEX $\mathit{GALEX}$

Over four hundred Galactic Planetary Nebulae (PNe) have been imaged by $\mathit{GALEX}$ in two ultraviolet (UV) bands, far-UV (FUV, 1344–1786 A, $\lambda _{eff}= 1528~{\mathring{\mathrm{A}}}$ ) and near-NUV (NUV, 1771–2831 A, $\lambda _{eff} = 2271~{\mathring{\mathrm{A}}}$ ). We present examples of extended PNe, for which UV spectroscopy is also available, to illustrate the variety in UV morphology and color, which reflects ionization conditions. The depth of the GALEX imaging varies from flux $\approx 0.4/5\times 10 ^{-18}~\mbox{ergs}\,\mbox{cm}^{-2}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}\,{\mathring{\mathrm{A}}}^{-1}\,\square ^{\prime\prime\,-1}$ ( $\mathit{FUV}/\mathit{NUV}$ ) for exposures of the order of $\sim 100$ seconds, typical of the survey with the largest area coverage, to $\sim 0.3/8.3\times 10^{-19}~\mbox{ergs}\,\mbox{cm}^{-2}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}\,{\mathring{\mathrm{A}}}^{-1}\,\square ^{\prime\prime\,-1}$ ( $\mathit{FUV}/\mathit{NUV}$ ) for $\sim 1500~\mbox{sec}$ exposures, typical of the second largest survey (see Bianchi in Astrophys. Space Sci. 320:11, 2009; Bianchi et al. in Adv. Space Res. 53:900, 2014). $\mathit{GALEX}$ broad-band FUV and NUV fluxes include nebular emission lines and in some cases nebular continuum emission. The sensitivity of the $\mathit{GALEX}$ instrument and the low sky background, especially in FUV, enable detection and mapping of very faint ionization regions and fronts, including outermost wisps and bow shocks. The $\mathit{FUV}\mbox{-}\mathit{NUV}$ color of the central star provides a good indication of its $T_{eff}$ , because the $\mathit{GALEX}$ FUV-NUV color is almost reddening-free for Milky Way type dust (Bianchi et al. in Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 230:24, 2017; Bianchi in Astrophys. Space Sci. 335:51, 2011, Bianchi in Astrophys. Space Sci. 354:103, 2014) and it is more sensitive to hot temperatures than optical colors.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the elderly

The population at risk to serious side-effects of the NSAIDs is rapidly expanding by the aging of the population. Eighty-five percent of randomly selected patients attending an outpatientarthritis department in a British city were women, one-half were over 64. Elderly patients often presented with multiple problems and lived alone’. In Britain, 23% of all visits to primary care physicians are for rheumatic complaints and in the US, patients with rheumatic arthritis (RA) average 7 physician visits annually2. One-half of all people with RA are 50 years and older3. By retirement, 80% of people in the US complain about some rheumatic problem. After age 75, almost 24% of women and 14% of men have RA4. Of 3097 elderly studied, 24% of females and 18% of males reported low back pain5. Overall, possibly 12 million elderly in the US suffer from some type of joint and musculoskeletal disease. Non-steroidals are often used to treat all of these complaints, osteoarthritis (for analgesia), acute attacks of gout and pseudogout, and polymyalgia rheumatica in the absence of giant cell arthritis. Consequently, use of non-steroidals is high (Table 1). In the UK, the number of prescriptions for non-steroidals has doubled to 20 million in the last decade, and more than 75% of these are written for the elderly6. The number of prescriptions for NSAIDs rises with age, but the incidence of all side-effects rises disproportionally with age7.
COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS ON MgO AND RUBY WITH THE DIAMOND-WINDOW PRESSURE CELL TO 1 MEGABAR

Abstract Experiments in which a sample of MgO contained crystals of ruby include data for the first calibration of the diamond-window pressure cell to approximately 1 Mbar. In the same experiments, pressures determined from volume measurements of MgO calibrated by shock-wave data and from spectral shift of the ruby R1 fluorescent line are essentially identical.
Women and Leadership: Strategies for Social Workers and Clients

An examination of recent research on women and leadership yields several strategies that women, both clients and social workers, can use to facilitate success in administration and other traditionally male work domains. The past ten years have seen clear documentation of the problems faced by women who aspire to nontraditional occupations including administrative careers that involve responsibility for mixed-sex work groups. Socialization is blamed for self-defeating characteristics of women and inhospitable responses by potential employers and colleagues. Women are supposedly held back by their own fear of success (Horner, 1969; Tresemer, 1977), passivity (Deaux and Emswiller, 1974; Feather, 1969; Hennig and Jardim, 1977:11), and role conflict (Tropman, 1968). Women without these problems face subtle and not so subtle discrimination from others who do not recognize their skills (Rosen and Jerdee, 1974a, 1974b; Shaw, 1972), who underestimate their career commitment (Coser and Rokoff, 1971), and who isolate them from informal learning opportunities (Kanter, 1977b; Wolman and Frank, 1975). No doubt, there is an interaction between these internal psychological processes and environmental pressures in creating barriers against success for women. Structural barriers such as inflexible hours and lack of child care compound the difficulties. On the other hand, the possibility of change finds support in research findings that men and women behave very similarly. Notwithstanding public beliefs that substantial sex differences exist (O'Leary, 1974), extensive review of research on sex differences led Jacklin and Maccoby (1975:37-8) to the conclusion that "Leadership, task persistence, achievement motivation, intellectual abilities, and many other psychological abilities do not favor one sex over the other for job performance. Women are not psychologically handicapped for positions in management." These findings have affected social work in two ways, both widely recognized. As a profession dedicated to the realization of human potential, we are morally opposed to restrictions on the development of this potential in women. Our opposition holds whether the restrictions appear to be self-imposed (fear of success) or imposed by others (discrimination). Data confirming the unequal opportunities of women thus rekindle a professional commitment to provide services that support rather than restrict the aspirations of female clients. Second, the findings have stimulated a reexamination of the opportunities afforded women within the profession of social work itself. In spite of the numerical predominance of women in social *Based on a paper presented at the First Annual South Central Women's Studies Conference, Fort Worth, Texas, June 1978.