cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preferential Utilization of Phosphorylated 40‐S Ribosomal Subunits during Initiation Complex Formation

HeLa cells grown to a high density in spinner culture contain little or no phosphorus associated with ribosomal protein S6. When cells are transferred to fresh medium containing 10% calf serum, S6 becomes rapidly and multiply phosphorylated. Ribosomal proteins were extracted from subpolysome and polysome fractions, displayed on two-dimensional gels, and the distribution of phosphorylated S6 was quantified. Polysonial ribosomes have a higher percentage of phosphorylated S6 than subpolysomes at all times after transfer and the difference becomes more pronounced as the extent of phosphorylation increases. This difference cannot be explained by preferential phosphorylation of polysomal ribosomes, since kinase activity is equally distributed between polysomes and subpolysomes. Likewise, preferential dephosphorylation or subpolysomal ribosomes during cell fractionation does not occur. We interpret our results to mean that phosphorylated 40-s subunits form initiation complexes more efficiently than non-phosphorylated 40-S subunits
Second order effects in dissipative media

Second order or ‘cross’ effects arise as a result of quadratic terms in the constitutive equations of isotropic elastic, viscous and viscoelastic media, which are required by the condition of tensor invariance of those relations. The most pronounced second order effects arise when these are clearly separable from the first order deformation, as in the case of second order elongation and volume change of an elastic cylinder subject to a twisting moment, or of second order normal stress in the case of shear flow of polymeric liquids. The recent I. U. T. A. M. Conference on Second Order Effects (Pergamon Press, London, 1964) was mainly concerned with these two phenomena. The paper discusses second order effects in dissipative (viscoelastic, plastic and strain ­ hardening) solids and reports the results of experiments in which these effects were observed. While the experiments on elastomers confirm the Rivlin-Ericksen theory of those effects in viscoelastic media, the existence of a new accumulating second order effect has been discovered by experiments on aluminium specimens in reversed torsion (Ronay 1965). This effect, which has not been observed before, is probably responsible for the rapid acceleration of tensile creep in metals by small amplitudes of reversed torsion. While the second order effects in elastic solids vanish at zero strain since they are reversible, and vanish at zero velocity in polymeric fluids, they accumulate with the number of repeated torsion cycles in strain-hardening media. Hence their observation is very simple and does not require the elaborate procedures necessary for the observation of second order effects in elastic solids and viscous fluids. The theory of accumulating second order effects in strain-hardening media is developed; the linearity of the interaction between tensile load and torsion amplitude is demonstrated by the experiments.
The concept of “free agency” in monotheistic religions: Implications for global business

The current debate on “free agency” seems to highlight the romantic aspects of free agent and considers it a genuine response to changing economic conditions (e.g., high-unemployment rate, importance of knowledge in the labor market, the eclipse of organizational loyalty, and self pride). Little attention, if any, has been given to the religious root of the free agency concept and its persistent existence across history. In this paper, the current discourse on free agency and the conditions that have led to its emergence are briefly discussed. The paper focuses on the theological perspectives of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the concept. Implications for management and business organizations are provided.
PicoServer - building a compact energy efficient multiprocessor

With power and cooling becoming an increasingly costly part of the operating budget of a server, the old trend of striving for higher performance with little regard for power is over. Emerging semiconductor process technologies, multicore architectures, and new interconnect technology provide an avenue for future servers to become low power, compact, and possibly mobile. In talk we examine two techniques for achieving low power: (1) 3D die stacking; and (2) replacing DRAM with flash memory. 3D die stacking technology can bond multiple dies together vertically and provide millions of connections between layers. In this talk, we examine the case for a PicoServer, a multicore architecture using 3D stacking to implement a simple, low-power, high-performance server system. Secondly, we will show how Flash memory, a low power high density non- volatile memory technology, can be used to replace DRAM, lowering the power of the main memory, to further reduce power.
Distribution side mitigation strategy for fault induced delayed voltage recovery

Fault induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) is known to be caused by stalled air-conditioner compressor single phase induction motors (SPIMs). The traditional strategies to mitigate this phenomenon include tripping off the motors using thermal protection devices and installing voltage support devices to prevent voltage sag on the load side. This paper presents investigations and outcomes of several mitigation methods implemented on the distribution system using a recently developed point-on-wave transient air-conditioner compressor motor model. The effects of the dynamic voltage regulator (DVR) on preventing voltage sag are studied. A classical single phase variable speed H-bridge converter is implemented to explore its capability and fast response in mitigating FIDVR problem induced by a short-duration transient fault. An enhanced H-bridge converter is proposed to mitigate the impact of the long-duration fault contingency.
Carsharing and Personal Vehicle Services: Worldwide Market Developments and Emerging Trends

Carsharing (or short-term auto use) provides a flexible alternative that meets diverse transportation needs across the globe, while reducing the negative impacts of private vehicle ownership. More than 65 years ago, carsharing began appearing in Europe. It has expanded to approximately 1,100 cities worldwide, in 26 nations on five continents. This article provides a global perspective of carsharing growth and future developments from 2006 through 2015, employing data from three surveys conducted in 2006, 2008, and 2010. The authors explore the interview findings of 25 carsharing experts worldwide representing 25 of 26 nations, collected in 2010.
A historical sketch of plea bargaining

Plea bargaining is one of the most emotional and controversial topics in the field of criminal justice. Not only is it defined and documented poorly, its origins also are much disputed. Pro-plea bargainers like to trace plea bargaining to Cain and Abel's classic struggle. Anti-plea bargainers cite the post-American Civil War era as the beginning point for plea negotiation. The truth lies somewhere in between. This paper investigates primary and secondary sources from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries in an effort to pin down the specific initiation of plea bargaining and its antecedents. This work demonstrates that prejudice has distorted the study of plea bargaining's origin and encourages further research in this area.
Successful Management of Drug-Induced Talc Granulomatosis with Corticosteroids

A former intravenous drug abuser who developed pulmonary talc granulomatosis of the interstitial type is presented. Both the long latent period between cessation of his abuse and the development of his symptoms, and the dramatic response to corticosteroids contribute to the uniqueness of this case.
Carbon Kinetic Isotope Effects on Pyruvate Decarboxylation Catalyzed by Yeast Pyruvate Decarboxylase and Models

Carbon-13 kinetic isotope effects were determined on pyruvate decarboxylation catalyzed by the enzyme yeast pyruvate decarboxylase and by thiamin, and in CHDT/sup +/Cl/sup -/ (2(1-carboxyl-1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylthiazolium chloride). The CHDT/sup +/Cl/sup -/ gave an effect of 1.051 corresponding to the maximum isotope effect anticipated for CO/sub 2/ loss. Thiamin-catalyzed decarboxylation gave a pH-independent inverse isotope effect of 0.992 indicating that in that model decomposition of the covalent adduct formed between thiamin and pyruvate to reactants has a higher activation energy than the subsequent decarboxylation step. The enzymatic isotope effect was found to be normal varying from 1.002 at pH 7.5 to 1.011 at pH 5.0. At pH 5.00 the isotope effect was found to be temperature independent. The results were interpreted to mean that in the pH range employed decarboxylation is faster than the decomposition of the enzyme-bound thiamin-pyruvate covalent complex. A model is presented to account for the observed pH dependence of the enzymatic kinetic isotope effect.
A Dictyostelium secreted factor requires a PTEN-like phosphatase to slow proliferation and induce chemorepulsion.

In Dictyostelium discoideum, AprA and CfaD are secreted proteins that inhibit cell proliferation. We found that the proliferation of cells lacking CnrN, a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-like phosphatase, is not inhibited by exogenous AprA and is increased by exogenous CfaD. The expression of CnrN in cnrN¯ cells partially rescues these altered sensitivities, suggesting that CnrN is necessary for the ability of AprA and CfaD to inhibit proliferation. Cells lacking CnrN accumulate normal levels of AprA and CfaD. Like cells lacking AprA and CfaD, cnrN¯ cells proliferate faster and reach a higher maximum cell density than wild type cells, tend to be multinucleate, accumulate normal levels of mass and protein per nucleus, and form less viable spores. When cnrN¯ cells expressing myc-tagged CnrN are stimulated with a mixture of rAprA and rCfaD, levels of membrane-associated myc-CnrN increase. AprA also causes chemorepulsion of Dictyostelium cells, and CnrN is required for this process. Combined, these results suggest that CnrN functions in a signal transduction pathway downstream of AprA and CfaD mediating some, but not all, of the effects of AprA and CfaD.
OH (1720 MHz) masers: signposts of SNR/molecular cloud interactions

Over the last decade it has been demonstrated that supernova remnant (SNR) OH (1720 MHz) masers are unique tracers of SNR/molecular cloud interactions. Here I briefly review the current state of our observational understanding of these masers including results from recent MERLIN and VLBA full polarization studies of the masers in W28, W44, and W51C. Some of our findings include that (1) in accordance with theory, the linear polarization position angles are either parallel or perpendicular to the plane-of-sky magnetic field determined through other observations; (2) the maser spot sizes are fairly large (~ 10 14 cm) and exhibit a core/halo morphology; and (3) while the magnetic field strengths do increase slightly with higher resolution, this effect can be completely explained by spectral/spatial blending.
Nuclear degeneration during spore formation in the true slime mold, Didymium nigripes.

Stages in degeneration of nuclei in developing sporangia of the true slime mold, Didymium nigripes, are described. Certain nuclei within the forming sporangium become incorporated into vesicles and then disintegrate. The contents of these autophagic vesicles become part of a large central vacuole present in the spore. Other structures, such as mitochondria, are also found in the central vacuole. It is suggested that these nuclei and assorted cell organelles serve as a source of nucleic acid and protein to be utilized by the myxamoeba at the time of spore germination.
Learning Anytime, Anywhere: Advanced Distributed Learning and the Changing Face of Education:

The Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative was undertaken to make education, training, and lifelong learning accessible at any time, anywhere. It has developed specifications and techniques that are being adopted globally by governments, businesses, and schools. Although ADL currently focuses on government and business applications, it has significant implications for the classroom structures, processes, and activities of K–16 education. The authors describe the ADL initiative and its implications for K–16 education and call for increased attention from educators and education researchers to the opportunities and challenges represented by anytime, anywhere, distributed learning.
Dense display of HIV-1 envelope spikes on the lambda phage scaffold does not result in the generation of improved antibody responses to HIV-1 Env.

The generation of strong, virus-neutralizing antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope spike (Env) is a major goal in HIV-1 vaccine research. To try to enhance the Env-specific response, we displayed oligomeric gp140 on a virus-like scaffold provided by the lambda phage capsid. To do this, an in vitro complementation system was used to “decorate” phage particles with glycosylated, mammalian cell-derived envelope oligomers. We compared the immune response to lambda phage particles displaying HIV-1 Env to that elicited by soluble oligomeric gp140 in rabbits. Env-binding antibody titers were higher in animals that received oligomeric gp140 as compared to Env decorated phage particles, as were virus neutralizing antibody responses. The Env decorated phage particles were, however, able to efficiently boost a protein-primed humoral response to levels equivalent to those elicited by high-dose adjuvanted Env oligomers. These results show that display of HIV-1 envelope spikes on the bacteriophage lambda capsid does not result in an improved, Env-specific humoral immune response.
Effects of soy protein isolate and egg white solids on the physicochemical properties of gluten-free bread

Abstract Gluten-free formulations are often supplemented with proteins to improve their quality. To determine the effects of alternative proteins on a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-treated gluten-free dough system, soy protein isolate was added at 1%, 2% and 3% while egg white solids were investigated at 5%, 10% and 15%. The formulated doughs were analysed using thermoanalytic and rheological techniques to determine the role of water and subsequent flow behaviour upon hydrocolloid addition. The baked loaves were measured for specific loaf volume and tensile strength to determine bread quality. The addition of soy protein isolate and egg white solids (5% and 10%) reduced dough stability by suppressing HPMC functionality, reducing available water, weakening HPMC interactions with the starch matrix and reducing foam stability. At 15% addition, egg white solids became the primary protein scaffolding in the dough and overcame negative interactions with HPMC, improving the loaf volume. However, this formulation may need further optimisation to meet full consumer acceptability.
Probabilistic Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought Using the Bootstrap and Multivariate Information

AbstractIn the present work, a probabilistic ensemble method using the bootstrap is developed to predict the future state of the standard precipitation index (SPI) commonly used for drought monitoring. The methodology is data driven and has the advantage of being easily extended to use more than one variable as predictors. Using 110 years of monthly observations of precipitaton, surface air temperature, and the Nino-3.4 index, the method was employed to assess the impact of the different variables in enhancing the prediction skill. A predictive probability density function (PDF) is produced for future 6-month SPI, and a log-likelihood skill score is used to cross compare various combination scenarios using the entire predictive PDF and with reference to the observed values set aside for validation. The results suggest that the multivariate prediction using complementary information from 3- and 6-month SPI and initial surface air temperature significantly improves seasonal prediction skills for capturing d...
Water−Silica Force Field for Simulating Nanodevices

Amorphous silica is an inorganic material that is central for many nanotechnology appplications, such as nanoelectronics, microfluidics, and nanopore sensors. To use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the behavior of biomolecules interacting with silica, we developed a force field for amorphous silica surfaces based on their macroscopic wetting properties that is compatible with the CHARMM force field and TIP3P water model. The contact angle of a water droplet on a silica surface served as a criterion to tune the intermolecular interactions. The resulting force field was used to study the permeation of water through silica nanopores, illustrating the influence of the surface topography and the intermolecular parameters on permeation kinetics. We find that minute modeling of the amorphous surface is critical for MD studies, since the particular arrangement of surface atoms controls sensitively electrostatic interactions between silica and water.
Regression through the Origin

Summary This article describes situations in which regression through the origin is appropriate, derives the normal equation for such a regression and explains the controversy regarding its evaluative statistics. Differences between three popular software packages that allow regression through the origin are illustrated using examples from previous issues of Teaching Statistics.
Isolation and reconstitution of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive phosphate transport protein from rat liver mitochondria.

Abstract An N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive phosphate transport protein has been isolated from rat liver mitochondria, substantially purified, and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. Purified inner mitochondrial membrane vesicles depleted of F 1 -ATPase by urea treatment proved to be the most satisfactory starting material. Treatment of these membrane vesicles with Triton X-100 resulted in solubilization of the phosphate transport protein. Further purification was achieved using hydroxylapatite powder. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified fraction in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated the presence of two Coomassie blue-staining bands with apparent M r' s of 30,000 and 35,000. Labeling of the 35,000 M r band by the P i transport inhibitor diazobenzene sulfonate was reduced markedly by prior treatment of the mitochondria with the inhibitor N -ethylmaleimide. The purified fraction containing both proteins could be reconstituted into liposomes prepared from purified asolectin. Phosphate efflux from these vesicles was inhibited by N -ethylmaleimide, by the impermeant mercurial agent, p -chloromercuribenzoate, and by diazobenzene sulfonate. Treatment of the purified fraction with N -ethylmaleimide prior to incorporation into liposomes resulted in a reconstituted system incapable of catalyzing P i efflux. These studies summarize the first detailed attempt to purify the P i H + transport system from rat liver mitochondria and emphasize the need to commence the purification with purified inner membrane vesicles depleted of F 1 -ATPase. In addition, these studies show that the final fraction contains a reconstitutively active transport system which when incorporated into phospholipid vesicles has its essential sulfhydryl groups oriented outward. Finally, it is shown that the purified fraction also contains a 30,000 M r component.
Termiticidal activities in the heartwood, bark/sapwood and leaves of Juniperus species from the United States

Key Word Index-Jumperus; cupressaceae; termiticides; insecticides. Abstract-Twelve taxa of Juniperus from the United States were investigated for termiticidal activities of the heartwood, bark/ sapwood and leaves. All taxa exhibited termiticidal activities for the fresh heartwood sawdusts. All except Juniperus scopulorum showed high termiticidal activities for the bark/sapwood sawdusts. The activity in the sawdusts could be removed by washing with hexane followed by methanol for about half of the taxa. Both hexane and methanol (sequential) extracts of the heartwoods showed termiticidal activities. Hexane and methanol (sequential) extracts of intact leaves displayed termiticidal activities for most of the taxa.
Piezoresistive microcantilever optimization for uncooled infrared detection technology

Uncooled infrared sensors are significant in a number of scientific and technological applications. A new approach to uncooled infrared detectors has been developed using piezoresistive microcantilevers coated with thermal energy absorbing materials. Infrared radiation absorbed by the microcantilever detector can be sensitively detected as changes in electrical resistance as function of microcantilever bending. The dynamic range of these devices is extremely large due to measurable resistance change obtained with only nanometer level cantilever displacement. Optimization of geometrical properties for selected commercially available cantilevers is presented. We also present results obtained from a modeling analysis of the thermal properties of several different microcantilever detector architectures.
Rheology of Block Copolypeptide Solutions: Hydrogels with Tunable Properties

Amphiphilic block copolypeptides were prepared through transition-metal-mediated polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. In aqueous solution these materials form strong hydrogels at low concentrations. The self-assembly process that is responsible for gelation was investigated by measuring the rheological properties of the gels for a variety of molecular architectures: poly-l-lysine-b-poly-l-leucine diblock and poly-l-lysine-b-poly-l-leucine-b-poly-l-lysine triblock copolypeptides. Experiments showed that the rodlike helical secondary structure of enantiomerically pure poly-l-leucine blocks was instrumental for gelation at polypeptide concentrations as low as 0.25 wt %. The hydrophilic polyelectrolyte segments have stretched coil configurations and stabilize the twisted fibril assemblies by forming a corona around the hydrophobic core. The self-assembly of hydrophobic blocks is highly specific and sensitive to the chirality of the helices. It was found that mechanical properties of the gels can...
Directional correlation of gamma rays in Sn117

Abstract The gamma-gamma directional correlation function for the 560 keV–160 keV cascade in Sn117 has been measured. The experimental expansion coefficients were found to be A2=−0.043±0.006 and A4=0. A unique spin assignment of 7 2 , 3 2 , 1 2 has been made for the 720 keV, 160 keV levels and ground state, respectively. The 560 keV transition is pure E2 while the 160 keV transition is M1+E2 with an E2 content of 1.2±0.5%. The experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions.
Western Problems — Eastern Solutions:Mixed Promise of Quality Circles

Many 1980s western managers, stressed by global changes in resource costs, competitive pressures, and technological imperatives, strive to emulate Japanese management models and practices, such as Quality Circles (QCs). The implementation and cultural‐motivational barriers to an effective QC intervention, such as differing Japanese versus western administrative practices and group processes are examined. In Japan QCs are an integral part of structure, process and strategy; in the west they represent a new, untried adjunct to structure requiring new roles in addition to changed decision making authority patterns. Reasons for mixed western QC outcomes are examined, as is their potential for promoting innovation.
Effect of TMCP Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of an Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel

Thermal mechanical control processing (TMCP), which includes combination of controlled rolling and controlled cooling, provides a powerful means of developing high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steels by intensive microstructural control. In the present investigation, the effects of TMCP parameters, consisting of the finish cooling temperature and the start rolling temperature in non-recrystallization region, on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of an Nb-Ti microalloyed steel has been studied by tensile, Charpy impact tests, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The TMCP parameters for Q460 grade steel have been optimized by laboratory experiments. The microstructure and properties of industrial product were coincident with the results of laboratory experiments.
The effect of spironolactone on ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Background— Previous studies have suggested that aldosterone blockade can reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with heart failure. The SPIronolactone to Reduce ICD Therapy (SPIRIT) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that spironolactone reduces the incidence of VT/VF in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) who are at moderately high risk for recurrent VT/VF. Methods and Results— Ninety patients who had ICDs who were at moderately high risk for recurrent VT/VF and who were not candidates for spironolactone by current heart failure guidelines were randomized to receive spironolactone 25 mg daily or placebo in a double-blind fashion. All patients had previously received ICD therapy (shock or antitachycardia pacing) for VT/VF within 2 years of randomization or an ICD for secondary prevention of VT/VF within 6 months of randomization. The primary end point was time to first recurrence of VT/VF requiring ICD therapy. After a median follow-up of 35 months, the Kaplan–Meier probability estimates for VT/VF requiring ICD therapy were 68.7% in the placebo group and 84.7% in the spironolactone group. Compared with placebo, spironolactone was associated with a similar risk of VT/VF (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.64–1.83; P =0.71). There was no significant difference between the median times to first VT/VF recurrence requiring ICD therapy in the 2 groups. Conclusions— In patients with ICDs who were at moderately high risk for recurrent VT/VF on account of a recent VT/VF event that was either sustained or treated by the ICD and who were not candidates for spironolactone by current heart failure guidelines, spironolactone did not delay the first recurrence of VT/VF or reduce the risk of recurrent VT/VF.
Gene 21 protein-dependent proteolysis in vitro of purified gene 22 product of bacteriophage T4.

Abstract It has previously been shown that the product of gene 22 (P22) disappears completely from lysates of T4-infected bacteria during head formation and is not found in the finished phage. We show here that P22, as part of a phage head precursor, is subject to proteolysis in vivo . The only identifiable surviving fragments of this proteolysis may be the internal peptides, which are found inside the finished phage head. We further show that in vitro , head-defective lysates contain a protease activity highly specific for P22. The activity is dependent on the presence of wild-type gene 21 protein (P21). The protease is itself inactivated during the protein cleavages that accomplish capsid formation. The proteolytic activity is found associated with the defective heads produced by temperature-sensitive mutants in gene 23, but not in finished normal capsids. We have characterized this P21-dependent protease activity as it is exhibited in vitro .
Stoichiometry and Kinetics of the Reaction of Nitrite with Free Chlorine in Aqueous Solutions

The reaction of nitrite with free chlorine in dilute aqueous solution (3.4 < pH < 11.5) was studied under continuous-flow mixing conditions. Chlorine, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate were all measured analytically. Stoichiometric balances demonstrated that nitrate was oxidized to nitrate, and chlorine was reduced to chloride, without the significant production of any other chemical species. The kinetic studies demonstrated that the reaction is very fast at neutral or acidic pH with the rate decreasing with increasing pH. The reaction was strictly bimolecular in the pH range of 9.5-11.6, whereas it was sufficiently slow to be followed with time. The reaction appears to proceed between nitrous and hypochlorous acid molecules, or HNO{sub 2} + HOCl {yields} 2H{sup +} + NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} + Cl{sup {minus}}.
Subspace processing of GPR signals for vehicle-mounted landmine detection system

This paper proposes the use of subspace approach to model the energy density spectra (EDS) of landmine targets, for the purpose to improve the detection of weak scattering landmines and their discrimination with clutter objects. The effectiveness of subspace technique to model the landmine EDS depends on the subspace selection. A slight modification of the eigenspace separation transform was applied to generate the subspace basis. In addition to the experimental results of performance improvement through subspace modeling, fusion performance with the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), the Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD) and the NUKEv6 confidence values will be provided.
A checkpoint regulates the rate of progression through S phase in S. cerevisiae in Response to DNA damage

We demonstrate that in S. cerevisiae the rate of ongoing S phase is slowed when the DNA is subjected to alkylation. Slowing of replication is dependent on the MEC1 and RAD53 genes, indicating that lesions alone do not slow replication in vivo and that the slowing is an active process. While it has been shown that a MEC1- and RAD53-dependent checkpoint responds to blocked replication or DNA damage by inhibiting the onset of mitosis, we demonstrate that this checkpoint must also have an additional target within S phase that controls replication rate. MEC1 is a homolog of the human ATM gene, which is mutated in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients. Like mec1 yeast, AT cells are characterized by damage-resistant DNA synthesis, highlighting the congruence of the yeast and mammalian systems.
Are Hymenoptera Tetraploid

A RECENT communication1 has suggested that among Hymenoptera Symphyta males may be diploid, females tetraploid. It was further suggested that this characteristic might help to explain the phenomena of pre-conjugation as seen in Apis and Cynips kollari.
Petri net versus module scheduling for software pipelining

Software pipelining is a technique that reforms the loop to improve execution time. Iterations are executed in overlapped fashion to increase parallelism. Modulo scheduling places each operation so that the schedule is legal when replicated and offset by a target initiation interval. This process is repeated with larger initiation intervals until success is achieved. Kernel recognition methods schedule operations as rapidly as possible until a pattern is recognized. These two distinctly different methods have various strengths and weaknesses. This paper explores the benefits and draw-backs of each.
Learning locomotion over rough terrain using terrain templates

We address the problem of foothold selection in robotic legged locomotion over very rough terrain. The difficulty of the problem we address here is comparable to that of human rock-climbing, where foot/hand-hold selection is one of the most critical aspects. Previous work in this domain typically involves defining a reward function over footholds as a weighted linear combination of terrain features. However, a significant amount of effort needs to be spent in designing these features in order to model more complex decision functions, and hand-tuning their weights is not a trivial task. We propose the use of terrain templates, which are discretized height maps of the terrain under a foothold on different length scales, as an alternative to manually designed features. We describe an algorithm that can simultaneously learn a small set of templates and a foothold ranking function using these templates, from expert-demonstrated footholds. Using the LittleDog quadruped robot, we experimentally show that the use of terrain templates can produce complex ranking functions with higher performance than standard terrain features, and improved generalization to unseen terrain.
Protecting Health Using an Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case Study of San Francisco Land Use Decisionmaking

Laws and regulations for an environmental impact assessment enable a health impact assessment whenever physical changes in the environment may significantly affect health. In this case study, I describe 2 instances in which a local public health agency used the procedural requirements for an environmental impact assessment to account for societal-level health determinants that are not traditionally evaluated in land-use decisions.These examples show that a public health critique can contribute both to the scope of analysis in an environmental impact assessment and to substantive changes in land-use decisions. I have evaluated this health appraisal approach as a form of a health impact assessment and will make recommendations for law, research, and practice that support its technical, cultural, and political feasibility.
The eyes see only what the mind knows.

A 50-year-old male presented who complained of retrosternal and epigastric pain described as 8/10 in severity and 3–4 h in duration. The patient had multiple coronary risk factors, including history of longstanding diabetes, hypertension, and family history of premature coronary artery disease. He was on maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal insufficiency. Figure 1 shows the electrocardiogram (EKG). On the basis of this EKG, the patient was considered to have acute ischemia and given aspirin, a b-blocker, and intravenous nitrate and heparin. The patient was fortunate that no thrombolytic treatment was given. During morning rounds, reevaluation of EKG interpreted it as classic findings of acute pericarditis, i.e., ST elevation with PR depression in appropriate leads with tall T waves suggesting acute hyperkalemia (another mimic of the hyperacute phase of MI). Upon close questioning, he described respirophasic pain; auscultation revealed a two component pericardial rub. The review of laboratory data revealed elevated potassium, BUN, and creatinine with a normal CPK. With an EKG like the one shown in Figure 1, it is
Design and Development of a Cross-Cultural Disposition Inventory.

Advances in technology have increased the likelihood that engineers will have to work in a global, culturally diverse setting. Many schools of engineering are currently revising their curricula to help students to develop cultural competence. However, our ability to measure cultural dispositions can be a challenge. The purpose of this project was to develop and test an instrument that measures the various aspects of cultural disposition. The results of the validation process verified that the hypothesised model adequately represented the data. The refined instrument produced a four-factor model for the overall construct. The validation process for the instrument verified the existence of specific subcomponents that form the overall cultural disposition construct. There also seems to be a hierarchical relationship within the subcomponents of cultural disposition. Additional research is needed to explore which aspects of cultural disposition affect an individual's ability to work effectively in a culturally...
PS28 Isolated Infrarenal Aortic Dissection and Penetrating Aortic Ulcer: A Nonmorbid Condition

Frailty Increases Risk of Mortality After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair Independent of Age and Comorbidity Status Sung I. Kim, Yazan Duwayri, Luke P. Brewster, Ravi Veeraswamy, Atef Salam, Thomas Dodson, Shipra Arya. Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Ga; Emory University School of Medicine Division of Vascular Surgery, Atlanta, Ga; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Ga
Random Matrix Theory

Random matrix theory is concerned with the study of matrices with random entries. It is relevant in the study of portfolio optimization problems, in particular, when the number of assets in the portfolio is of the same order of magnitude as the number of observations taken to compute the correlations between the assets. The article gives an overview of key results concerning eigenvalue properties of large dimensional sample covariance matrices. Keywords: covariance matrices; sample covariance matrices; eigenvalues of random matrices; large-dimensional covariance estimation; Marcenko–Pastur distribution; Tracy–Widom distribution; shrinkage methods
When Multiplication Doesn't Equal Quick Addition: Examining Intersectionality as a Research Paradigm

In the past twenty years, intersectionality has emerged as a compelling response to arguments on behalf of identity-based politics across the discipline. It has done so by drawing attention to the simultaneous and interacting effects of gender, race, class, sexual orientation,andnationaloriginascategoriesofdifference.Intersectionalargumentsandresearchfindingshavehadvaryinglevelsof impact in feminist theory, social movements, international human rights, public policy, and electoral behavior research within political science and across the disciplines of sociology, critical legal studies, and history. Yet consideration of intersectionality as a research paradigm has yet to gain a wide foothold in political science. This article closely reads research on race and gender across subfields of political science to present a coherent set of empirical research standards for intersectionality.
Influence of maternal dietary zinc intake on in vitro tubulin polymerization in fetal rat brain

The hypothesis that one of the biochemical lesions underlying zinc deficiency-induced teratogenicity is altered microtubule formation was tested. Day 19 fetuses from zinc-deficient Sprague-Dawley dams were characterized by low brain supernate zinc concentrations and slow brain tubulin polymerization rates compared to controls. Brain supernate tubulin and protein concentrations were similar in zinc-deficient and control fetuses. In vitro brain tubulin polymerization rates were increased following addition of zinc to either control or zinc-deficient brain supernates; however, the stimulatory effect of added zinc on polymerization was significantly higher in brain supernates obtained from zinc-deficient fetuses compared to controls. These results support the idea that one effect of fetal zinc deficiency is a reduction in tubulin polymerization, which in turn may result in altered microtubule function.
Physician Intervention for Improving Tobacco Control Among Parents Who Use Tobacco

Research has demonstrated that parents who smoke are often inadvertent sources of their children’s first cigarettes. Teaching parents to restrict their tobacco may give pediatricians another method for helping parents who are not ready to quit smoking. This purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a program training pediatricians to discuss tobacco control with smoking parents and to examine changes in parents’ tobacco control after the physician intervention. One month after the intervention by pediatricians, parents reported significantly improved tobacco control. They were more likely to count their packs and cigarettes and to keep their tobacco products at work and on their person. Parents reported restricting household control of adult smoking, and children were exposed to significantly less secondhand smoke. These results showed that it is possible to integrate advice about tobacco control into a busy pediatric practice and to improve parents’ restrictions of their tobacco products.
Quantum cluster algebras and quantum nilpotent algebras

A major direction in the theory of cluster algebras is to construct (quantum) cluster algebra structures on the (quantized) coordinate rings of various families of varieties arising in Lie theory. We prove that all algebras in a very large axiomatically defined class of noncommutative algebras possess canonical quantum cluster algebra structures. Furthermore, they coincide with the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras. We also establish analogs of these results for a large class of Poisson nilpotent algebras. Many important families of coordinate rings are subsumed in the class we are covering, which leads to a broad range of applications of the general results to the above-mentioned types of problems. As a consequence, we prove the Berenstein-Zelevinsky conjecture [Berenstein A, Zelevinsky A (2005) Adv Math 195:405-455] for the quantized coordinate rings of double Bruhat cells and construct quantum cluster algebra structures on all quantum unipotent groups, extending the theorem of Geis et al. [Geis C, et al. (2013) Selecta Math 19:337-397] for the case of symmetric Kac-Moody groups. Moreover, we prove that the upper cluster algebras of Berenstein et al. [Berenstein A, et al. (2005) Duke Math J 126:1-52] associated with double Bruhat cells coincide with the corresponding cluster algebras.
Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

We report the rational synthesis of nitrogen-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:N) nanowire arrays, and their implementation as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for hydrogen generation from water splitting. Dense and vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were first prepared from a hydrothermal method, followed by annealing in ammonia to incorporate N as a dopant. Nanowires with a controlled N concentration (atomic ratio of N to Zn) up to ∼4% were prepared by varying the annealing time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm N substitution at O sites in ZnO nanowires up to ∼4%. Incident-photon-to-current-efficiency measurements carried out on PEC cell with ZnO:N nanowire arrays as photoanodes demonstrate a significant increase of photoresponse in the visible region compared to undoped ZnO nanowires prepared at similar conditions. Mott−Schottky measurements on a representative 3.7% ZnO:N sample give a flat-band potential of −0.58 V, a carrier density of ∼4.6 × 1018 cm−3, and a space-charge layer of ∼...
Joseph Dalton Hooker's Ideals for a Professional Man of Science

During the 1840s and the 1850s botanist Joseph Hooker developeddistinct notions about the proper characteristics of aprofessional man of science. While he never articulated theseideas publicly as a coherent agenda, he did share his opinionsopenly in letters to family and colleagues; this privatecommunication gives essential insight into his and his X-Clubcolleagues' public activities. The core aspiration of Hooker'sprofessionalization was to consolidate men of science into adutiful and centralized community dedicated to nationalwell-being. The nation in turn owed the scientific community forits ministration. When the government bestowed funds and statuson men of science it was rewarding science – not purchasing it. His proposed reforms were piecemeal, immediate, and above allpractical. He harbored no taste for vast millenariantransformation, and rested his conception of scientificprofessionalism upon a respectable High Victorian foundation ofpatronage and pillars of duty, reciprocity, intimacy, andinequality. The process of professionalization he envisioned wasas much shrewd compromise between existing interests as avindication of principle. His power and prestige from themid-1850s onward gave him considerable ability to carry out hisreform program, although his general success did occasion someundesired consequences for the status of natural-historypursuits.
Raman and Infrared Spectra of the Dicyanamide Ion

The dicyanamide or dicyanimide ion (N≡C—N—C≡N)- is isoelectronic with carbon suboxide and therefore might exist in a linear resonance form \(\text{(N}^\text{-} = \text{C=}\mathop\text{N}\limits^\text{+} = \text{C=N}^\text{-})\) having the same double bond array as the latter. A comparison of the infrared with Raman spectra should show at once whether this ion is linear or bent, since the linear form would have a center of symmetry and there would therefore be no coincidence in absorption between the two types of spectra.
Late-glacial flow patterns, deglaciation, and postglacial emergence of south-central Baffin Island and the north-central coast of Hudson Strait, eastern Canadian Arctic

New georaorphic, sedimentologic, and chronologic data are used to reconstruct late Quaternary ice-sheet flow patterns, deglaciation, and isostatic uplift along the largest marine trough connecting ...
Gap junctions and hemichannels in signal transmission, function and development of bone

Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) mediated by connexins, in particular connexin 43 (Cx43), plays important roles in regulating signal transmission among different bone cells and thereby regulates development, differentiation, modeling and remodeling of the bone. GJIC regulates osteoblast formation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Osteoclast formation and resorptive ability are also reported to be modulated by GJIC. Furthermore, osteocytes utilize GJIC to coordinate bone remodeling in response to anabolic factors and mechanical loading. Apart from gap junctions, connexins also form hemichannels, which are localized on the cell surface and function independently of the gap junction channels. Both these channels mediate the transfer of molecules smaller than 1.2kDa including small ions, metabolites, ATP, prostaglandin and IP(3). The biological importance of the communication mediated by connexin-forming channels in bone development is revealed by the low bone mass and osteoblast dysfunction in the Cx43-null mice and the skeletal malformations observed in occulodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) caused by mutations in the Cx43 gene. The current review summarizes the role of gap junctions and hemichannels in regulating signaling, function and development of bone cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Communicating junctions, composition, structure and characteristics.
Fuel Cell Technology and Market Opportunities

This note can be used as an informational background reading on fuel cells, an environmentally attractive alternative technology for power generation and transportation. The note would be useful in courses on innovation, technology, entrepreneurship, environment, energy/power/transportation issues, or sustainable business. It explores fuel-cell technology, including its history, current and potential applications, fuel sources, environmental issues, and manufacturing challenges. The commercialization issues covered include performance requirements, time to market, costs, and other outside driving forces such as fuel-distribution infrastructure, power-generation reliability, and fuel prices. Fuel cells are an electrochemical energy source with the potential to take a significant market share from traditional electrical-power generation and automobile-propulsion technologies. Over the next decade, fuel cells may provide more reliable energy and cleaner air while decreasing dependence on fossil fuels for transportation and stationary applications. The note accompanies a case on fuel cells (UVA-ENT-0018).