cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variational configuration interaction methods and comparison with perturbation theory

A configuration interaction (Cl) procedure which includes all single and double substitutions from an unrestricted Hartree-Fock single determinant is described. This has the feature that Moller-Plesset perturbation results to second and third order are obtained in the first Cl iterative cycle. The procedure also avoids the necessity of a full two-electron integral transformation. A simple expression for correcting the final Cl energy for lack of size consistency is proposed. Finally, calculations on a series of small molecules are presented to compare these Cl methods with perturbation theory.
Optimization of Transverse Gradient Coils with Coaxial Return Paths by Simulated Annealing

Abstract Coils with coaxial return paths are used to generate transverse magnetic field gradients. This paper describes optimization of such coils by the method of simulated annealing, a method known to be able to find the global minimum of a function. The adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) program has been analyzed and applied to optimization of a family of coils with 8–16 building blocks, each carrying equal current. Positions of the blocks along the longitudinal axis of the coils were optimized. A new subclass of coils is proposed; the diameter of return paths of this subclass of coils is not fixed but may be varied. The new coils provide greater gradient uniformity than those for which only positions of the blocks are optimized. All optimized coils should find applications in high-precision and high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic experiments.
A case of metastatic struma ovarii treated with 131I therapy: Focus on preservation of fertility and selected review of the literature

Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal ovarian teratoma composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue. We describe herein the case of a 22-year-old woman who underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy for struma ovarii at the age of 12 years, who was admitted 8 years later with signs and symptoms of a left pelvic tumor. Laparoscopy detected a left ovarian endometriotic cyst and multiple nodules on the pelvic peritoneum, right lateral abdominal wall, diaphragm, vesical plica and liver. The diagnosis was abdominal and pelvic widespread dissemination of recurrent struma ovarii, with features consistent with the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was treated with a combination of conservative surgery and two 131I administrations (cumulative activity of 350 mCi after dosimetric evaluation). Because of the high degree of hormonogenesis shown by the metastases, the first administration was performed following use of recombinant human (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to reach adequate TSH levels. To avoid the 'stunning effect' and to obtain high-quality scintigraphy, a whole-body scan was performed with 123I after rh-TSH and before the 131I therapy. We also discuss the potential role and the possible benefit of using gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and ovarian tissue cryopreservation to preserve fertility in women treated with 131I for pelvic metastases from malignant struma ovarii.
This is war: How the politically astute achieve crimes of obedience through the use of moral disengagement

Abstract Generally, corporate scandals occur because of the actions of a number of people. We propose that transactional, personalized charismatic leaders who are politically astute may create an environment where their subordinates commit crimes of obedience. According to social cognitive theory, individuals behave immorally by disengaging their self-regulatory mechanisms [ Org. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process 50 (1991a) 248; Bandura, A. (1991b). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W.M. Kurtines and J.L. Gerwitz, (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (vol. 1, pp. 45–103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum]. Leaders can cognitively reconstrue the conduct to convince the subordinates that the behavior is morally justified. The employees can disclaim their agentive role in the consequences of the action and leaders can use their authority, power, status, and social influence to convince employees that they have no choice in their behavior. The organizational structure may allow employees to “just do their jobs” without consideration of the consequences. Finally, leaders can frame behavior in such a way that others believe there really are no negative consequences, and thus, no victims. We conclude with some recommendations on how to run an organization effectively, yet with moral issues activated.
An Evaluation of Second Step What Are the Benefits for Youth With and Without Disabilities

The impact of a school-based violence prevention program, Second Step, on peer victimization and aggression, and emotion regulation was evaluated among 457 sixth graders. A cluster-randomized trial was conducted with classrooms randomly assigned to intervention (n = 14) or control (n = 14) conditions. A repeated measures analysis of covariance on each measure was conducted using random effects. Several intervention effects were moderated by gender and disability status. Teacher-rated relational victimization at posttest decreased for students with disabilities in intervention but not control classrooms. Students without disabilities in intervention classrooms reported greater decreases from pretest to 6-month follow-up in overt aggression. Boys in the intervention classrooms had smaller increases in teacher-rated overt aggression at posttest than boys in control classrooms. Girls in intervention classrooms reported greater decreases from pretest to 6-month follow-up in relational aggression than girls in ...
Transparent zirconia gel-monolith from zirconium alkoxide

Abstract Transparent zirconia gel-monoliths were prepared by controlled hydrolysis of stabilized zirconium alkoxide. The gel after drying at 60°C was amorphous to electron diffraction. Infrared spectroscopic study indicated that the molecular structure of the dried gel was different from that of the precipitated zirconia as reported in the literature. The pore-structure of the dried gel when examined from its N2-desorption isotherm and the pore size distribution curve obtained by the BJH method indicated that the gel was microporous with most of the pore sizes less than ∼ 15 A in radius.
Introducing INSPIRE, a scholarly component in undergraduate medical education.

Individualized learning is a fundamental tenet of the Carnegie Foundation's new recommendations for physician training. A primary goal of Mount Sinai School of Medicine's new curriculum is to train self-directed physicians who have mastered lifelong learning skills. The Individual Scholarly Project and Independent Research Experience (INSPIRE) was created to enable fourth-year students to conduct mentored, independent scholarly projects to develop critical thinking skills and intellectual independence. Four students were accepted into the 2008 12-week pilot. Two did clinical research, 1 conducted medical education research, and 1 continued a basic science project. INSPIRE featured weekly sessions in which students shared their progress, heard about the careers of physician-scientists, and participated in presentation skills workshops. Mentors gave feedback using a form based on the program goals. Anonymous evaluations showed that all participants believed their goals were successfully fulfilled, that the likelihood of including research in their careers increased, and that they felt more skilled at writing abstracts and presenting their work orally. Students agreed that INSPIRE was a valuable opportunity for acquiring in-depth knowledge on a topic and building research and presentation skills. Helping students shape an individualized scholarly experience may help to produce doctors who are self-directed, are personally fulfilled, are able to serve society with diverse expertise, and have the tools to become leaders in their fields. Mt Sinai J Med 76:387–391, 2009. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) site thr-87 regulates synapsin I localization to synapses and size of the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles.

O-GlcNAc is a carbohydrate modification found on cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Our previous findings implicated O-GlcNAc in hippocampal presynaptic plasticity. An important mechanism in presynaptic plasticity is the establishment of the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles (RPSV). Dynamic association of synapsin I with synaptic vesicles (SVs) regulates the size and release of RPSV. Disruption of synapsin I function results in reduced size of the RPSV, increased synaptic depression, memory deficits, and epilepsy. Here, we investigate whether O-GlcNAc directly regulates synapsin I function in presynaptic plasticity. We found that synapsin I is modified by O-GlcNAc during hippocampal synaptogenesis in the rat. We identified three novel O-GlcNAc sites on synapsin I, two of which are known Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation sites. All O-GlcNAc sites mapped within the regulatory regions on synapsin I. Expression of synapsin I where a single O-GlcNAc site Thr-87 was mutated to alanine in primary hippocampal neurons dramatically increased localization of synapsin I to synapses, increased density of SV clusters along axons, and the size of the RPSV, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation of synapsin I at Thr-87 may be a mechanism to modulate presynaptic plasticity. Thr-87 is located within an amphipathic lipid-packing sensor (ALPS) motif, which participates in targeting of synapsin I to synapses by contributing to the binding of synapsin I to SVs. We discuss the possibility that O-GlcNAcylation of Thr-87 interferes with folding of the ALPS motif, providing a means for regulating the association of synapsin I with SVs as a mechanism contributing to synapsin I localization and RPSV generation.
Modeling and Simulation of Dielectrophoretic Particle Assembly

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of dielectrophoretic particle assembly using hybrid immersed interface-immersed boundary method where both dielectrophoretic and hydrodynamic forces are evaluated with interface resolved approach instead of point-particle method. Immersed interface method is employed to capture physics of electrostatics in a fluid media with embedded particles, while immersed boundary method is used to study hydrodynamics with rigid and/or flexible immersed boundaries. Unlike existing studies, dielectrophoretic force is obtained using Maxwell’s stress tensor; a comparative study between Maxwell stress tensor and effective dipole moment methods are presented. This hybrid method is employed to demonstrate the dielectrophoretic particle assembly for both similar and dissimilar particles. In a fluid media, the similar particles form a chain parallel to the applied electric field, while the dissimilar particles form a chain perpendicular to the applied electric field. These results are consistent with the recent experimental observations.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Integration and Socialization of Exceptional Children.

This ethnographic study examines the process of socialization for physically challenged children “mainstreamed” in an elementary school program. The research goal was to determine the effects of the mainstream environment on physically challenged children as they were socialized with their peers. Analysis focuses on the social and cultural contexts of mainstreaming practices and the dynamics of interactions at the classroom level. Findings identify patterns of behavior, structural components, and processes of the integrated classroom setting that facilitate functional responses of individual children to the mainstream environment.
Inter- and intramolecular polymerization in heat-bodied linseed oil

1. Linseed oil has been polymerized at 300° for 1.5, 3, and 6 hours. The polymeric glycerides have been separated from the monomeric glycerides, and the derived methyl esters of each fraction have been analyzed for monomer, dimer, and trimer.
Discrete‐time nonlinear controller synthesis by input/output linearization

This work concerns the synthesis of discrete-time nonlinear controllers for nonlinear processes that make the closed-loop system linear in an input/output sense. The synthesis of state feedback controllers is studied first, followed by the synthesis of dynamic output feedback controllers. Both problems are solved within the globally linearizing control (GLC) framework. Precise theoretical connections between the derived controllers and model algorithmic control (MAC) are established. The theory is illustrated by a chemical reactor example.
Synthesis of Alkylphenyl Ethers in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions by Micellar Phase-Transfer Catalysis. 1. Single-Phase Systems

Phase-transfer catalysis and micellar catalysis are two conventional methods of promoting reactions between lipophilic and hydrophilic reactants. Phase-transfer catalysis employs organic solvents that may be undesirable for both economic and environmental reasons, while application of micellar catalysis is limited by the relatively low solubilization capacities of surfactant solutions. Micellar phase-transfer catalysis is a process that combines the best aspects of both conventional methods while avoiding some of the associated problems. Reaction systems consist of reactants, water, surfactant and a phase-transfer catalystno organic solvent is used. The surfactant acts to solubilize and emulsify the lipophilic reactant, while the role of phase-transfer catalyst is to shuttle the hydrophilic reactant from the aqueous phase into the micellar environment where the reaction primarily takes place. Alkylation of phenol with 1-bromobutane was studied under phase-transfer, micellar, and micellar phase-transfer co...
Solubilized proteins from carrot (Daucus carota L.) membranes bind calcium channel blockers and form calcium-permeable ion channels.

Abstract Calcium channels have been suggested to play a major role in the initiation of a large number of signal transduction processes in higher plant cells. However, molecular components of higher plant Ca2+ channels remain unidentified to date. Calcium channel blockers of the phenylalkylamine family and bepridil specifically inhibit Ca2+ influx into carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells. By using a phenylalkylamine azido derivative, a 75-kDa carrot membrane protein has been previously identified. Here we have partially purified this Ca2+ channel blocker-binding protein by lectin-affinity and ion-exchange chromatographies. The protein fraction containing the 75-kDa binding protein was incorporated into giant liposomes. Single-channel patch-clamp studies on these proteoliposomes showed the presence of Ca2+-permeable channel currents. These Ca2+-permeable channels were not stable. Recordings after durations of 2-10 min showed the appearance of nonselective ion channels with a permeability to calcium and chloride ions. These nonselective Ca2+-permeable ion channels, in contrast, were stable and were recorded for extended durations. The addition of the Ca2+ channel-blocker bepridil (10 M) led to the inhibition of these nonselective Ca2+-permeable channels by reducing the probability of channel opening. These results suggest that the 75-kDa Ca2+ channel blocker-binding protein from carrot cells plays a role in channel sensitivity to Ca2+ channel inhibitors and may constitute one of the components of Ca2+ channels in higher plants.
A rapid synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose from xenon difluoride suitable for labelling with 18F

A rapid synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (3) from xenon difluoride is described. Reaction of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (1) with xenon difluoride in ethyl ether in the presence of BF3·OEt2 for 20 minutes gave 2-deoxy-2-fluoro- 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride (2) in 70-80% chemical yield. Hydrolysis of 2 with 2 N HCl gave 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (3) in 50% overall chemical yield in a synthesis time of 60 minutes. Preliminary results indicate that this method can be used to synthesize 2-deoxy-2- [18F] fluoro-D-glucose.
Feeling at home: Korean Americans in senior public housing

Abstract What are older Korean immigrants' cultural conceptions of home arrangements and environments? Does aging affect their family relationships? Why do they decide to move to public housing? How do they adapt to and re-create a feeling of home in public housing? This research in the field of aging-and-environment focuses on these questions. Based on a naturalistic field research of older Korean immigrants to the USA this paper details the transitions from loss of feeling of home in their pre-move life, the decision to move to senior public housing, to settling into the new apartment. The themes delineated are: 1) shifting roles in multigenerational households, 2) altered conceptualizations and changing environments, becoming dut-bang no-in (guest in own home), 3) detachment from prized objects, and 4) re-creation of meaningful environment. Revealed are the complex and interwoven nature of the decision to move involving experiences, events, and nested mini-decisions, as well as the emotional disruptions, loss of sense of self, and detachments that occur. The adjustments made by these older adults to the culturally inappropriate design in order to regain feeling at home are described. Several socio-physical phenomena and concepts identified are: a) spatial oblation, b) environmental and object detachment, c) object meaning linked to persons, and d) planned surrender or disposal of cherished objects.
Analyzing surface tension in higher alkanes and their CO2 mixtures

Abstract We have used polymer density functional theory to study the surface tension behavior of heavy hydrocarbons and their binary mixtures with CO 2 , for which very limited data is available in the literature. Dodecane (C 12 H 26 ), tertacosane (C 24 H 50 ), and hexatriacontane (C 36 H 74 ), and their CO 2 binary mixtures have been studied over a wide range of temperature (313–423 K) and pressure (ambient to 30 MPa) conditions representative of typical petroleum reservoirs. We have compared three parameterization schemes and showed that parameterization using critical constants gives surface tension results that are in very good agreement with the available experimental data. The most significant result from this study is the double crossover behavior in the surface tension of the alkane–CO 2 binary mixtures, resulting from the simultaneous changes in liquid density and CO 2 solubility.
How hospice staff members prepare family caregivers for the patient’s final days of life: An exploratory study:

Background:There is widespread agreement that the families of hospice patients need to be prepared for the final days of life, yet current practices preparing families are not well described. Examining the gap between family needs and current practice will inform the development of effective preparatory interventions.Aim:The purpose of the study was to describe how hospice clinicians prepare family for the final days of life, including (1) the content of the preparatory information, (2) strategies and timing of preparation, and whether the preparation is tailored, and (3) who prepares families.Design:Conventional content analysis guided this study. Individual interviews using semi-structured questions were conducted.Setting/participants:In all, 19 hospice clinicians who provided care in the home setting from two hospice agencies in the United States participated.Results:Preparatory messages included information on signs of impending death, symptoms, implications of the symptoms, what to expect next, and i...
Comparison of Photoperiodic Sensitivity of Green-Leafed and Red-Leafed Perilla

The flowering responses of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (green-leafed Perilla) and P. crispa (Thunb.) Tanaka (red-leafed Perilla) to different 24-hour photoperiodic regimes were compared quantitatively. Although both taxa are short-day plants, P. frutescens was less strict in its short-day requirement, forming macroscopically visible inflorescence primordia and open flowers even in continuous light after 77 to 85 and 132 days, respectively, compared to 12 and 22 days in 8-hour days. P. crispa took only 4 days longer to reach the same stages in 8-hour short days, but exhibited a sharply defined critical day-length between 14 and 16 hours. Two-hour light-breaks in the middle of a 16-hour night were more effective in inhibiting floral development in P. crispa than in P. frutescens, for which they had a small effect compared to true long-days, particularly on the formation of inflorescence primordia. The number of short days needed to obtain the flowering in P. frutescens plants raised in continuous light decreased in a linear manner with the age of the plants upon transfer to short days.
From ϕvσις to Nature, τε′χνη to Technology: Heidegger on Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton

Mesurant l'influence de l'aristotelisme sur la pensee de la technologie chez Heidegger, l'A. montre que son analyse de la technicite s'inscrit dans une histoire de la science qui prend ses distances avec la metaphysique de la matiere et de la forme. Contre la metaphysique moderne de la subjectivite, l'A. examine la relation entre science, nature et technologie chez Heidegger, a travers les notions de phusis et de techne qui delimitent le domaine paradigmatique de la physique.
Molecular cloning of a pea H1 histone cDNA

A pea (Pisum sativum, var. Little Marvel) H1 histone cDNA has been isolated from a lambda gt11 expression vector library. This cDNA has been sequenced and shown to represent the entire protein-coding region of the mRNA. The deduced protein sequence is 265 amino acids long (28018 Da) and contains 70 lysines and 3 arginines. The structure of the encoded protein is comparable to animal lysine-rich histones. The central region, which has an amino acid composition similar to that found in the globular domains of animal lysine-rich histones, is flanked by an amino-terminal region rich in lysine, glutamic acid and proline and by a carboxyl-terminal region rich in lysine, alanine, valine and proline. Despite the structural similarities, the protein has little sequence homology with animal lysine-rich histones. This H1 protein is unusual because 12 of the first 40 amino acids are glutamic acid.
Efficacy of prophylactic warfarin for prevention of thalidomide‐related deep venous thrombosis

Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of thalidomide treatment. There is little information to guide clinicians in selecting effective preventive treatments and physician practice varies. We sought to determine whether prophylactic anticoagulation with warfarin prevents DVT related to thalidomide treatment. Methods: We reviewed the records of 131 patients receiving thalidomide for a variety of indications. Fifty-five patients were prescribed warfarin with the intent of preventing DVT. Thirty-seven patients received warfarin at a dose of 1–2 mg per day (low dose) and 18 received a dose intended to raise the INR to 2–3 (high dose). Results: Twenty-one of the 131 patients developed venous thrombosis during thalidomide treatment. Eighteen of the 76 patients (23.7%) who were not prescribed prophylactic anticoagulation developed DVT compared to 3 of the 55 patients (5.5%) who were prescribed any dose of prophylactic warfarin (P = 0.010). Only 1 of the 37 patients who received low-dose warfarin developed DVT (P = 0.011). Bleeding complications occurred in 4 patients, all of whom were receiving high-dose warfarin. Conclusion: Prophylactic anticoagulation with warfarin reduces the risk of thrombosis during thalidomide treatment. Low-dose warfarin may be as effective as higher dose treatment and may result in fewer bleeding complications. Am. J. Hematol. 81:420–422, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
System to Uniquely Name Wheat Plant Structures

ABSTRACTUniquely naming wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plant parts is useful for communicating plant development research and the effects of envi-ronmental stresses on normal wheat develop-ment. Over the past 30+ years, several naming systems have been proposed for wheat shoot, leaf, spike, spikelet, fl oret, and caryopsis struc-tures. While these systems work very well in most fi eld situations, several problems have emerged that can lead to confusion in uniquely naming all possible tillers and leaves. This con-fusion is unnecessary and leads to errors in communication that can be avoided. This paper describes a naming system that extends the previous systems so that all canopy structures are uniquely identifi ed and additionally incorpo-rates a phenological component if desired.M. Moragues, Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523; G.S. McMaster, USDA-ARS, Agricultural Systems Research Unit, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. D, Suite 200, Fort Collins, CO 80526. Received 16 Apr. 2011. *Corresponding author (moragues@mail.colostate.edu).
Assessing holistic economic value for multifunctional agriculture in the US

Abstract This study used contingent valuation method to shed light on public preferences on the multifunctional roles of the US agriculture and to present a holistic estimate of the economic value of the nonmarket goods and services of US agriculture. Contingent valuation survey instrument was administered to a sample composed from the Ipsos web-based panel. Fishbein’s model of reasoned behavior and mediation hypothesis were combined to model the relationship between WTP (behavioral intentions) and sets of explanatory variables including attitudes, perceived attributes (about family farms, farmland preservation programs, government involvement in agricultural markets, and ecological state of our world), and socio-demographic profiles. Results show that, while exerting a highly significant impact on WTP, attitudes mediate the effects of the attribute variables on WTP: i.e., the attributes influence WTP directly as well as indirectly through attitudes. The estimated mean WTP was $515 per taxpayer annually. Aggregating individual WTPs across the US taxpayers above 20 years old produces $105 billion, representing a crude estimate of the economic value that the US consumers place on the multifunctional roles of US agriculture.
Analysis of STT-RAM cell design with multiple MTJs per access

Density of STT-RAMs is limited by the area cost and width of the access device in a cell since it needs to support the programming currents. This paper explores a cell structure that shares each cell's access transistor with multiple MTJ memory elements. Feasibility and limitations of such a cell structure is explored for both reading and writing of the memory. The analytical and simulation results indicate that only small amount of sharing is possible and having MTJs that can handle a high read current without disturbing the cell is needed.
Is it immaterial that there's a ‘material’ in ‘historical materialism'?

G. A. Cohen's influential ‘technological determinist’ reading of Marx's theory of history rests in part on an interpretation of Marx's use of ‘material’ whose idiosyncrasy has been insufficiently noticed. Cohen takes historical materialism to be asserting the determination of the social by the material/asocial, viz. ‘socio‐neutral’ facts about human nature and human rationality which manifest themselves in a historical tendency for the forces of production to develop. This paper reviews Marx's writings to demonstrate the extensive textual evidence in favour of the traditional interpretation ‐ that for Marx, the ‘material’ includes the economic, and is thus ineluctably social in character. Thus those critics of Cohen who have urged the inclusion of the relations of production in historical materialism's explanans do seem to have Marx's terminological and conceptual backing.
Cilia Not Only Move, but also Have Taste!

Motile cilia are organelles that contain amazing molecular machines that bend each cilium in a rhythmic and coordinated movement. This allows a liquid film, perhaps with particles embedded within, to move in a specific direction. The classic example is the cilia of the respiratory passages that move a layer of debris-carrying mucus out of the lungs. When this mechanism is not working properly, recurrent pulmonary infections result. The classic example of this is immotile cilia syndrome that results in chronic bronchitis and related problems. However, no sensory function has been assigned to these classic motile cilia until now (although nodal cilia have both mechanical activity and sensory functions). Alok Shah, Yehuda Ben-Shahar, Thomas Moninger, Joel Kline, and Michael Welsh have demonstrated sensory receptors on motile cilia for the first time.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in cyst fluid from autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in cyst fluid from autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys. Cyst infection in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is often refractory to therapy, in part because of the limited entry of commonly used antibiotics into cyst fluid. To study the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in cyst infection, cyst fluid was obtained by percutaneous aspiration or at surgery from eight patients with ADPKD receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Cysts were categorized as nongradient or gradient by cyst-fluid sodium concentration. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole concentrations within cysts were determined and cyst fluid inhibitory and bactericidal titers were assessed in vitro against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus fecalis. The mean cyst fluid trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole concentrations were 15.2 µg/ml and 42.5 µg/ml, respectively. Preferential accumulation of trimethoprim was observed in gradient cysts, exceeding serum levels more than eightfold. Sulfamethoxazole penetrated cysts to a lesser extent, with. concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 percent of the serum level. Cyst fluid sampled prior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration (control) demonstrated no antibacterial activity, while cyst fluid inhibitory and bactericidal titers following antibiotic administration were 1:32 or greater in most instances. These studies indicate that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is likely to be efficacious in the treatment of cyst infection in polycystic kidneys.
Partial least squares and compositional data: problems and alternatives

Abstract It is still widely unknown in chemometrics that the statistical analysis of compositional data requires fundamentally different tools than a similar analysis of unconstrained data. This article examines the problems that potentially occur when one performs a partial least squares (PLS) analysis on compositional data and suggests logcontrast partial least squares (LCPLS) as an alternative.
Protostellar Fragmentation Enhanced by Magnetic Fields

Fragmentation, the breakup of molecular cloud cores during their self-gravitational collapse to form stars, is the leading explanation for the formation of binary and multiple protostars. Molecular cloud cores appear to be supported against collapse in large part by magnetic fields. However, most protostellar fragmentation calculations have either ignored the effects of magnetic fields or found that in the presence of frozen-in magnetic fields, fragmentation is prohibited. Allowing for magnetic field loss by ambipolar diffusion prior to collapse leads again to fragmentation, but these calculations did not take into account magnetic field tension, which effectively dilutes the self-gravitational forces once a thin disk forms. Because self-gravity drives fragmentation, magnetic tension might then prevent fragmentation. Here we report on the first three-dimensional calculations that show that because magnetic tension also helps in avoiding a central density singularity during protostellar collapse, the net effect is to enhance fragmentation of collapsing magnetic cloud cores. Magnetic clouds can thereby fragment into binary and multiple protostar systems, the latter of which are likely to be unstable to subsequent orbital decay.
Soil acidity effects on wheat seedling root growth

Abstract Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Hart) was used as a test crop in a bioassay technique to assess acid soil chemical constraints in major hill land soils of the Appalachian Region. Seedling root growth was related to amounts and forms of Al in soil solution and Al extracted by 0.01M CaCl2, 1M KC1, 0.5M CuCl2, and 0.33M LaCl3. Aluminum determined in the various extractants, total soil solution Al and soil solution Al reacting with 8‐hydroxy‐quinoline, pyrocatechol violet, and aluminon showed large differences in root growth prediction ability. In general, Al extracted by 0.01M CaCl2 was a good predictor of root growth. Root elongation was more inhibited in subsurface horizons than in surface horizons. Although surface horizons had the lowest mean pH, the presence of high levels of exchangeable cations tended to ameliorate the Al toxicity. The root bioassay technique adapted here should be useful in assessing the potential Al toxicity of diverse soil types.
OR FORUM--Rocket Science Retailing: The 2006 Philip McCord Morse Lecture

Retailing is a huge industry. In the United States, retail business represents about 40% of the economy and is the largest employer. Retail supply chain management is still more art than science, but this is changing rapidly as retailers begin to apply analytic models to the huge volume of data they are collecting on consumer purchases and preferences. This industry-wide movement resembles the transformation of Wall Street that occurred in the 1970s when physicists and other “rocket scientists” applied their analytic skills to investment decisions. The Consortium for Operational Excellence in Retailing (COER) (codirected by Ananth Raman, Harvard Business School, and myself) is a group of academics working with about 50 leading retailers to assess their progress towards rocket science retailing and to accelerate that progress through selected research projects. After some brief comments on the current state of industry practice in retail supply chain management, this paper will describe examples of COER research in four areas: assortment planning, pricing, inventory optimization, and store execution.
Specialist or generalist: Views from academia and industry

Abstract Cross-functional integration is a significant and continuing trend in the modern corporation. While MBA curricula have tended to accommodate, successfully, the trend toward cross-functional integration, concern has been expressed as to whether undergraduate business programs have been as adept at providing students with skills that will help them succeed in a progressive business environment. More importantly, however, the question arises as to whether undergraduate programs should educate students as generalists or whether the role of the undergraduate curriculum is that of building expertise in a particular functional area. The results offered by the current research suggest that business leaders, faculty members, and undergraduate business students are not willing to sacrifice functional expertise in favor of managerial generalist.
Prescription Drug Coverage and Medicare Spending among U.S. Elderly

The introduction of Medicare Part D has generated interest in the cost of providing drug coverage to the elderly. Of paramount importance—often unaccounted for in budget estimates—are the salutary effects that increased prescription drug use might have on other Medicare spending. This paper uses longitudinal data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate how prescription drug benefits affect Medicare spending. We compare spending and service use for Medigap enrollees with and without drug coverage. Owing to concerns about selection, we use variation in supply-side regulations of the individual insurance market—including guaranteed issue and community rating—as instruments for prescription drug coverage. We employ a discrete factor model to control for individual-level heterogeneity that might induce bias in the effects of drug coverage. We find Medigap prescription drug coverage significantly increases drug spending and reduces Medicare Part A spending. Medigap prescription drug coverage reduces Medicare Part B spending, but the estimates are not statistically significant. Furthermore, the substitution effect decreases as income rises, and thus provides support for the low-income assistance program of Medicare Part D.
Stability of Supersonic Boundary Layers Over Blunt Wedges

Receptivity and stability of supersonic boundary layers over blunt flat plates and wedges are numerically investigated at a free stream Mach number of 3.5 and at a high Reynolds number of 10(exp 6)/inch. Both the steady and unsteady solutions are obtained by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations using the 5th-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for space discretization and using third-order total-variation-diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta scheme for time integration. Computations are performed for a flat plate with leading edge thicknesses of 0.0001, 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 inches that give Reynolds numbers based on the leading edge thickness ranging from 1000 to 10000. Calculations are also performed for a wedge of 10 degrees half angle with different leading edge radii 0.001 and 0.01 inches. The linear stability results showed that the bluntness has a strong stabilizing effect on the stability of two-dimensional boundary layers. The transition Reynolds number for a flat plate with a leading edge thickness of 0.01 inches is about 3.5 times larger than it is for the Blasius boundary layer. It was also revealed that boundary layers on blunt wedges are far more stable than on blunt flat plates.
Our unindicted coconspirators: human metabolism from a microbial perspective.

Summary The human gut is populated by a microbiota composed of tens of trillions of organisms and millions of genes that together form a metabolic "organ." Intra- and interpersonal differences in the structure and functions of this organ suggest that it could contribute to our normal metabolic variations and also to metabolic disorders. This Commentary discusses experimental approaches for connecting microbial and host metabolism in the context of health and disease.
Electron donating substituent effects on redox and spin state properties of iron(II) bis-terpyridyl complexes

Abstract The synthesis of iron(II) terpyridyl (trpy) complexes was achieved with the general formula [Fe(trpy)2−t((R)ttrpy)t](PFb)2, where R represents CH3O and (Et)2N. Both the methoxy and diethylamino substituents are electron donating in nature, where the latter is a new derivative of terpyridine. Cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the substituents' influence on the Fe(III)/II) couple in which an average shift in potential (ΔE1/2) of 0.06 volts per methoxy group, and 0.18 volts for each diethylamino group, was exhibited. Solution magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out with standard NMR methodology. All of the Fe(II) complexes, except [Fe((Et2N)3trpy)2]2+, exhibited an expected low spin (S = 0) behavior. The [Fe((Et2N)3trpy)2]2+ complex was observed to have a room temperature paramagnetic moment (µelf) of 1.6 BM indicating thermal population of high spin (S = 2) state. Since [Co(trpy)2]2+ is known to be near the spin crossover (µeff = 3.2BM), the [Co((CH3O)3trpy)2]2+ was prepared in order to measure the influence methoxy substituents would have on µeff: a significant shift was observed (µeff = 4.2BM). The results of this study indicate that electron donating para-substituents on terpyridine affect the metal-ligand π-bonding interactions (by increasing the ligand's π-donor properties at the expense of weakening its π-acceptor capabilities) to a greater extent that the σ-interactions. This results in a decrease of the ligand field splitting.
Stress relaxation and creep in an impression test

A localized stress relaxation technique is described suitable for testing miniature structures and components. The actual size of the area that can be tested depends on the size of the indenter and the sensitivity of the load measurement device. However, the indenter should not be so small that macroscopic theory of deformation cannot be used. The technique described includes a quantitative treatment of the data which can be handled by a computer. Extensive data collection can be made so that many deformation parameters can be examined by using this simple test.
Osteoporosis in the laying hen.

Osteoporosis develops in White Leghorn chickens during the first year of egg production and becomes severe during the molt. Immature, and young mature pellets, cockerels, and nonmolting roosters do not have osteoporosis. The disorder appears to be a derangement of the normal process of haversian remodelling: the compact bone is resorbed without osteoclast formation by tunneling operations of blood vessels expanding inside the compact bone; new osteones are not rebuilt to replace old ones. Some of the endocrine organ changes associated with avian osteoporosis are: atrophy of the adrenal cortex and decrease in size and weight of the gonads; reductions in the weight of the thyroids and parathyroids also occur but the decline is relatively slight and inconstant. The level of calcium in the blood plasma is low and either normal or low in ultrafiltrates of serum. Exogenous estrogen (without androgen) increases resorption of cortical bone, accentuates osteoporosis, and may cause fractures from such minor trauma ...
Lack of tolerance to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol in heavy drinkers

Alcohol tolerance is observed as a diminished response to a given dose as a function of repeated administrations of the drug. Research has consistently shown that heavier drinkers display reduced reactions to alcohol (i.e., tolerance) compared with lighter drinkers. However, the majority of this work has focused primarily on measures of motor performance, whereas the development of tolerance to alcohol's impairing effects on cognitive processes, such as inhibitory mechanisms of behavioral control, remains relatively unexplored. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between drinking habits and the degree to which alcohol affects drinkers' inhibitory control and motor coordination. Fifty-two non-dependent drinkers reported their recent drinking patterns. Their inhibitory control and motor coordination were measured in response to placebo and 0.65 g/kg alcohol. Alcohol significantly impaired inhibitory control and motor coordination compared with placebo. Moreover, greater quantity and frequency of recent consumption predicted less alcohol impairment of motor coordination. However, there was no relationship between recent drinking habits and the degree of impairment of inhibitory control. These findings suggest that tolerance to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol might not readily develop as a result of recent, heavy drinking.
Subtle Differences between Human and Rabbit Neutrophil Receptors Shown by the Secretagogue Activity of Constrained Formyl Peptides

Stereochemically constrained extended β-antiparallel and folded β-turn analogs of the chemotactic agentN-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OH were tested for their ability to induce the release of β-glucuronidase from human and rabbit neutrophils. Selected biologically active peptides were further examined for their capacity to inhibit the binding of f-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe to whole human neutrophils at 4°C. The results suggest that Dpg2analogs with the extended backbone are significantly more potent in human peripheral blood neutrophils than the folded β-turn analogs. Surprisingly, in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils, the extended Dpg2analog appears to be marginally less active than the flexible parent peptide and the folded Ac6c2analog. In human neutrophils, the secretagogue activity increases in the following order with alteration in the C-terminal functions: -CONH2< -COOMe < -COOH << -COOBzl. However, this order of potency differs from that observed for the rabbit formyl peptide receptor (-COOH < -COOMe < -CONH2<< -COOBzl). In human neutrophils, the peptides’ ability to compete for the receptor binding site of f-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe correlates well with their secretagogue potency. The results provide convincing evidence for the existence of subtle differences between human peripheral blood neutrophils and rabbit peritoneal neutrophils with regard to ligand–receptor interactions of constrained chemotactic peptides. What is new and novel in this report is that constrained peptides can distinguish between the rabbit and human chemotactic peptide receptors which have so far been believed to have similar response to secretagogue agents. The data emphasize that directly relating the secretagogue activity observed in rabbit neutrophils to that observed in human neutrophils may not be unequivocal.
A model to evaluate the aerodynamic energy requirements of active materials in morphing wings

Model to Evaluate the Aerodynamic Energy Requirements of Active Materials in Morphing Wings
Graphical balanced allocations and the 1 + β-choice process

Suppose m balls are sequentially thrown into n bins where each ball goes into a random bin. It is well-known that the gap between the load of the most loaded bin and the average is i¾?mlognn, for large m. If each ball goes to the lesser loaded of two random bins, this gap dramatically reduces to i¾?loglogn independent of m. Consider a constrained setting where not all pairs of bins can be sampled. We are given a graph where each node corresponds to a bin. The process sequentially samples an edge from the graph and places a ball in the lesser loaded of its endpoints. We show the gap is at most Ologn/i¾? where i¾? is the edge expansion of the graph. Our results extend naturally to the hypergraph version of this question. Our technique involves a tight analysis of what we call the "1+β-choice" process for some parameter β∈0,1: each ball goes to a random bin with probability 1-β and the lesser loaded of two random bins with probability β. For this process we show that the gap is i¾?logn/β, irrespective of m. Moreover the gap stays at i¾?logn/β in the weighted case for a large class of weight distributions. No non-trivial bounds were previously known in the weighted case, even for the 2-choice case. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 47, 760-775, 2015
Robust independent robot joint control: design and experimentation

An approach is presented for the design of simple robust independent joint controllers which result in linear decoupled joint motions. In this approach each joint is treated as a simple inertial systems plus a disturbance torque representing all the unmodeled dynamics. By means of a very simple procedure, the disturbance is instantly estimated and rejected, thus allowing simple PD control to be used. The controllers are inherently robust. Experimental evaluations of the controller on a PUMA 560 are are performed, and the experimental results are presented. >
Velamentous and Furcate Cord Insertion with Placenta Accreta in an IVF Pregnancy with Unicornuate Uterus.

Velamentous and furcate cord insertion with concomitant placenta accreta is a very rare and life-threatening event of pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus. Obstetricians should be cautious about umbilical cord insertion and placental adherence abnormalities in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) particularly in women with Mullerian anomalies.