cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal mechanisms of subnanosecond ablation

There is much interest in using subnanosecond pulsed lasers for micro-machining due to the ability of these lasers to machine very precise features. The micro-machining precision of these lasers is a result of the reduced thermal diffusion depth compared to that obtained using longer laser pulses. Experimental research in the literature shows evidence of thermal mechanisms, such as recast layers and thermal distributions of ejected particles, but claims that normal evaporation is responsible are not justified by kinetic calculations. This work critically reviews the experimental evidence from literature and the possible thermal mechanisms that may participate during subnanosecond laser ablation. Phase explosion (due to homogeneous vapor nucleation) is shown to be the most likely mechanism of mass removal; however, there are many questions regarding how phase explosion proceeds on a subnanosecond time scale. Theoretical estimates of the time lag required for reaching an equilibrium distribution of vapor nuclei have been associated with the time required for ablation to proceed. This time lag is on the order of one nanosecond or longer, raising many questions about the validity and applicability of this calculation. This work studies phase explosion and the associated time lag and discusses topics for future research.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Translational control during early dictyostelium development: Possible involvement of poly(A) sequences

A rapid decrease in the translational efficiency of mRNA synthesized during vegetative growth is associated with the initiation of development in Dictyostelium discoideum. In contrast, newly synthesized mRNA associates with polysomes with high efficiency. Discrimination between these two mRNA populations correlates with a rapid shortening of the poly(A) tract on the preexisting mRNA. A model is proposed in which a critical poly(A) length regulates the pattern of protein synthesis by affecting the efficiency with which mRNAs can interact with the translational machinery. The model suggests that transcriptional and translational controls can be coupled by altering the state of adenylation of the preexisting mRNA population. The model allows radical changes in the pattern of protein synthesis without wholesale destruction of preexisting mRNA.
Achieving successful dissemination of empirically supported psychotherapies: A synthesis of dissemination theory.

Although psychotherapy researchers have begun to recognize the benefits of applying dissemination research to their efforts to disseminate empirically supported treatments into community settings, to date no model has been proposed specifically for the dissemination of psychological interventions. We therefore summarize the key elements of three dissemination models and propose an integrated plan that may be useful in promoting wider and more effective dissemination of empirically supported psychotherapies. Barriers to dissemination are also discussed in the context of these models.
Degradation of G alpha by the N-end rule pathway

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its amino-terminal residue. Overexpression of targeting components of the N-end rule pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibited the growth of haploid but not diploid cells. This ploidy-dependent toxicity was shown to result from enhanced degradation of Gpa1, the alpha subunit (G alpha) of a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) that regulates cell differentiation in response to mating pheromones. Sst2, a protein whose absence renders cells hypersensitive to pheromone, was essential for degradation of G alpha but not other N-end rule substrates, suggesting the involvement of an indirect, or trans-, targeting mechanism. G alpha degradation by the N-end rule pathway adds another regulatory dimension to the multitude of signaling functions mediated by G proteins.
BEHAVIOR IN LARGE DIMENSIONS OF THE POTTS AND HEISENBERG MODELS

We extend to the Potts and Heisenberg models some of the results proven in [6] for the Ising model. For both these models we prove that if the interaction is properly normalized, then as the space dimensionality goes to ∞, the spontaneous magnetization converges to the value given by the corresponding Curie-Weiss model (except possibly at the Curie-Weiss transition point, in the case of the Potts model.) For the Potts model we prove also that the ordered phases approach product measures. The proofs are based on the convergence of the free energy to the Curie-Weiss value and on infrared bounds. A consequence of our result for the q-state Potts model is an asymptotic upper bound for the transition temperature, which for q > 2 is better than the one obtained by the conventional use of infrared bounds, or comparison inequalities between different Potts models.
Rethinking the genesis of the Romance periphrastic perfect

The Romance languages all display periphrastic perfects that can be traced to Latin [habere “have” + noun + perfect participle]. A new survey of the Latin corpus reveals that this string had three distinct structures and values. I argue that the likeliest source of the perfects is a periphrasis denoting the achievement of a result or a persisting resultant state. This implies that the relationship between possessive and auxiliary habere is more complex than previously supposed. Finally, I examine the range of values that this periphrasis takes across the Romance languages. I maintain that the growth of the perfect at the expense of the preterite followed an orderly pattern, with requirements on the temporal denotation of the perfect successively relaxed.
Compliant-linkage kinematic design for multi-degree-of-freedom mobile robots

Multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) vehicles have many potential advantages over conventional (i.e., 2-DOF) vehicles. For example, MDOF vehicles can travel sideways and they can negotiate tight turns more easily. In addition, some MDOF designs provide better payload capability, better traction, and improved static and dynamic stability. However, MDOF vehicles with more than three degrees-of-freedom are difficult to control because of their overconstrained nature. These difficulties translate into severe wheel slippage or jerky motion under certain driving conditions. In the past, these problems limited the use of MDOF vehicles to applications where the vehicle would follow a guide-wire, which would correct wheel slippage and control errors. By contrast, autonomous or semi-autonomous mobile robots usually rely on dead-reckoning between periodic absolute position updates and their performance is diminished by excessive wheel slippage. This paper introduces a new concept in the kinematic design of MDOF vehicles. This concept is based on the provision of a compliant linkage between drive wheels or drive axles. Simulation results indicate that compliant linkage allows to overcome the control problems found in conventional MDOF vehicles and reduces the amount of wheel slippage to the same level (or less) than the amount of slippage found on a comparable 2-DOF vehicle.
Religion and the Daily Lives of LDS Families: An Ecological Perspective

The purpose of this article is to explore in detail how religion and family religious rituals affect the day-to-day activities of individual and family life. It includes qualitative analysis of interviews with highly religious parents and children in 67 families that belong to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Findings suggest that for this sample, religion was more than an external influence; it was viewed as an integral part of one's individual, familial, structural, and social systems. This finding warrants a closer look at traditional human ecological theory which suggests that religion is primarily an external influence. A conceptual model illustrates how this sample experienced religious integration into their everyday life. Limitations and implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Experimental Comparison of Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods in Heat Exchangers

This paper presents an experimental comparison of four different types of heat transfer enhancement techniques or methods in heat exchangers: two insert devices (a displacement device and a swirl flow device), extended surfaces, and obstruction devices. The objective of these experiments is to assist undergraduate mechanical engineering students in understanding the basic heat transfer processes and the methods and devices that can be implemented to enhance the heat transfer. The experimental setup and apparatus required to carry out these experiments are relatively simple. The apparatus includes five tube-within-a-tube heat exchangers with three thermocouples at each end, two rotameters, a heating element, a water pump, and a data acquisition device. Four of the five heat exchangers are modified by one type of the above-mentioned heat transfer enhancement techniques. The equipment is relatively inexpensive and available in almost all undergraduate heat transfer laboratories.
Affinity isolation of transcriptionally active DNA.

Abstract Chicken erythrocyte nuclei were nick translated with the chemically cleavable biotinylated nucleotide. Bio-12-SS-dUTP. DNA was purified, digested with restriction endonucleases, and applied to an avidin-agarose affinity column. Seventy percent of the nick translated DNA bound to the column. This DNA was recovered from the column by chemical cleavage of the linker arm joining biotin to the DNA. Dot hybridization analysis of this DNA revealed a significant enrichment of the alpha-D-globin gene. This result suggests an approach to isolate transcriptionally active genes.
An MPI-based MoSST core dynamics model

Abstract Distributed systems are among the main cost-effective and expandable platforms for high-end scientific computing. Therefore scalable numerical models are important for effective use of such systems. In this paper, we present an MPI-based numerical core dynamics model for simulation of geodynamo and planetary dynamos, and for simulation of core–mantle interactions. The model is developed based on MPI libraries. Two algorithms are used for node–node communication: a “master–slave” architecture and a “divide-and-conquer” architecture. The former is easy to implement but not scalable in communication. The latter is scalable in both computation and communication. The model scalability is tested on Linux PC clusters with up to 128 nodes. This model is also benchmarked with a published numerical dynamo model solution.
Planning Image-Based Measurements in Wind Tunnels by Virtual Imaging

Virtual imaging is routinely used at NASA Ames Research Center to plan the placement of cameras and light sources for image-based measurements in production wind tunnel tests. Virtual imaging allows users to quickly and comprehensively model a given test situation, well before the test occurs, in order to verify that all optical testing requirements will be met. It allows optimization of the placement of cameras and light sources and leads to faster set-up times, thereby decreasing tunnel occupancy costs. This paper describes how virtual imaging was used to plan optical measurements for three tests in production wind tunnels at NASA Ames.
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoassay To Detect Furosemide in Cow's Milk

Furosemide is a potent diuretic drug used in both human and veterinary medicine. High-performance liquid chromatographic methods (HPLC) were developed to detect furosemide in blood and urine samples. Recently, immunoassay kits have appeared to measure furosemide; these were developed for the race horse industry where furosemide is used to treat epistaxis. In dairy cattle, furosemide is used for treatment of physiological parturient edema and there is a 48-h withdrawal period before milk from treated animals can be used. We report here the development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting furosemide in milk. In addition, we report on the development of an HPLC method for detection of furosemide in milk that is an adaptation of published methods for its detection in serum and blood. Unlike the HPLC method, no sample preparation is necessary for the ELISA. Raw milk is added directly into the assay, or if needed, it is diluted with assay buffer. The immunoassay...
Surface magnetic confinement in toroidal and linear mirror systems

Abstract Plasma confinement by surface magnetic (SURMAC) fields is presented for toroidal multipole and linear magnetic mirror systems. The toroidal system is the Dodecapole Surmac device where stable confinement of high temperature ( T i ∼500 eV ), high density ( n ∼10 13 cm −3 ), and high β (∼8%) plasma is demonstrated. No ballooning mode exists even at β =8% and the plasma is stable. Guarding of internal hoop supports is investigated and the main loss area is around the field null, with a width of ∼2p ci . The loss through a guarded support is estimated to be 2.5% of an unguarded one. The Large Axisymmetric Mirror Experiment (LAMEX) employs surface magnetic field to stabilize a simple mirror while axisymmetry is maintained. This allows the mirror ratio to vary from conventional to rather high values (∼37) so that it is suitable for studying fundamental mirror physics. The main experimental findings are: 1. (1) Stabilization of interchange by surface fields in a mirror machine is demonstrated. 2. (2) Wavelengths of DCLC modes at harmonics of ω ci have been measured in the axial, azimuthal and radial directions. Their amplitudes depend on density (dielectric constant) and the free energy sources: pressure gradient and ion loss cone (determined by mirror ratio). The instability peaks at the location of the maximum density gradient and its frequency corresponds to the ion cyclotron frequency of the B field at a location where the magnetic field gradient is zero and resonant wave-particle interaction is optimal. 3. (3) The multiple DCLC burst at , ω ci are observed to have increasing azimuthal wavenumbers as the zeroth order pressure gradient relaxes and the pressure gradient drift decreases. 4. (4) In the strongly collisional regime where the mean free path is less than one tenth of the length of the device, axial confinement time is proportional to the mirror ratio.
Folding proteins: finding a needle in a haystack

Abstract I revisit the Levinthal paradox of protein folding kinetics. Efficient computational methods are now finding or approaching native states on model free energy landscapes for small molecules and chains up to about 60 monomers. Also, recent experiments show counterexamples to the ‘thermodynamic hypothesis’, i.e. they indicate that the global free energy minimum may not always identify biologically active conformations of proteins.
Thin filament diversity and physiological properties of fast and slow fiber types in astronaut leg muscles

Slow type I fibers in soleus and fast white (IIa/IIx, IIx), fast red (IIa), and slow red (I) fibers in gastrocnemius were examined electron microscopically and physiologically from pre- and postflight biopsies of four astronauts from the 17-day, Life and Microgravity Sciences Spacelab Shuttle Transport System-78 mission. At 2.5-microm sarcomere length, thick filament density is approximately 1,012 filaments/microm(2) in all fiber types and unchanged by spaceflight. In preflight aldehyde-fixed biopsies, gastrocnemius fibers possess higher percentages (approximately 23%) of short thin filaments than soleus (9%). In type I fibers, spaceflight increases short, thin filament content from 9 to 24% in soleus and from 26 to 31% in gastrocnemius. Thick and thin filament spacing is wider at short sarcomere lengths. The Z-band lattice is also expanded, except for soleus type I fibers with presumably stiffer Z bands. Thin filament packing density correlates directly with specific tension for gastrocnemius fibers but not soleus. Thin filament density is inversely related to shortening velocity in all fibers. Thin filament structural variation contributes to the functional diversity of normal and spaceflight-unloaded muscles.
The Luminescence of Calcium Molybdate

The luminescence properties of calcium molybdate are reported. Two emission bands are observed, one in the green and another in the orange spectral region. The shorter wavelength emission band is assigned to the 3T1 1A1 transition in the tetrahedral molybdate group. The longer wavelength band is ascribed to a similar transition in a molybdate group lacking an oxygen ion, i.e. a MoO3 group. Similar observations are made in the case of calcium tungstate. Es werden die Lumineszenzeigenschaften von Kalziummolybdat mitgeteilt. Zwei Emissionsbanden werden beobachtet, eine im grunen, die andere im orangen Spektralbereich. Die Emissionsbande mit der kurzeren Wellenlange wird dem 3T1 1A1-Ubergang in der tetraedrischen Molybdatgruppe zugeordnet. Die Bande mit der langeren Wellenlange wird einem ahnlichen Ubergang in einer Molybdatgruppe, in der ein Sauerstoffion fehlt, d. h. einer MoO3-Gruppe, zugeschrieben. Ahnliche Beobachtungen werden fur den Fall des Kalziumwolframats gemacht.
Extensive Airway Hemangiomas in Two Patients Without Beard Hemangiomas

Abstract: Airway hemangiomas are most often seen in association with cutaneous hemangiomas involving the “beard area.” We report two unusual cases of extensive airway hemangiomas developing in patients with facial hemangiomas predominantly involving the upper face, emphasizing the need to consider the possibility of airway hemangiomas even in the absence of “beard area” hemangiomas.
The effect of temperature and salt concentration on the circular dichroism exhibited by unionized derivatives of L-alanine in aqueous solution.

The circular dichroism of Ac–Ala–NHMe, cyclo(–Ala–Ala–), Ac–Ala–OMe, Ac–Ala–Ala–OMe, and Ac–Ala–Ala–Ala–OMe has been measured in water and in aqueous salt solutions as a function of temperature. Only cyclo(–Ala–Ala–) exhibits circular dichroism which is independent of temperature. Each of the linear derivatives of L-alanine exhibits a positive circular dichroism in the range 208–218 nm at 15°C in water. Heating reduces the intensity of the positive circular dichroism, and only Ac–Ala–OMe retains positive circular dichroism at 75°C in water. Isothermal addition of salts produces changes in the circular dichroism of linear derivatives of L-alanine which resemble those seen on heating. The relative effectiveness of the salts tested, at a concentration of 4M, is LiCl ⩽ KCl = NaCl < MgCl2 ⩽ CaCl2 ⩽ NaClO4. The circular dichroism of cyclo(–Ala–Ala–) is also affected by the salts. Extrapolation of the results obtained with Ac–Ala–OMe, Ac–Ala–Ala–OMe, and Ac–Ala–Ala–Ala–OMe to a long polypeptide with a –CH2R side chain in the L-configuration leads to the conclusion that this polypeptide should exhibit a temperature-dependent salt-sensitive positive circular dichroism between 208 and 218 nm when it exists as a statstical coil.
Multicentric plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease with cutaneous involvement.

Background: Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that can be associated with a variety of antibody-mediated paraneoplastic syndromes. The disease is classified clinically by two forms and three histologic variants. Methods: We describe the clinical and pathological features of a 44-year-old woman who presented with an autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, polyclonal gammopathy, axillary lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and several erythematous and violaceous nodules and plaques without scaling involving the trunk and extremities. Results: Histologic examination of the skin lesions revealed a deep dermal and subcutaneous nodular mononuclear infiltrate composed primarily of polyclonal plasmacytoid cells without atypia and an increased vascular proliferation. Additional studies including a bone marrow and lymph node biopsy, serum and urine protein electrophoresis, and computed tomography scans supported the diagnosis of multicentric plasma cell variant of CD with an associated autoimmune paraneoplastic hemolytic anemia. Conclusion: Cutaneous involvement in CD is part of the multicentric nature and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a polyclonal plasma cell-rich lymphoproliferative disorder associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune disease.
Dunne receives 2011 G. K. Gilbert Award: Response

Thomas Dunne received the 2011 G. K. Gilbert Award at the 2011 AGU Fall Meeting, held 5–9 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “a scientist who has either made a single significant advance or sustained significant contributions to the field of Earth and planetary surface processes, and who has in addition promoted an environment of unselfish cooperation in research and the inclusion of young scientists into the field.”
Hierarchy of Tc's in the thallium high-Tc superconductors

Abstract We present a phenomenological formalism determining the critical temperatures of the various superconducting phases in the newly discovered thallium high- T c superconductors. T c cannot exceed 146 K (164 K) for the compounds with bilayer (monolayer) Tl-O sheets.
DEG/ENaCs lead by a nose: mechanotransduction in a polymodal sensory neuron.

Degenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaCs) are luminaries of gentle touch in Caenorhabditis elegans. In this issue of Neuron, Geffeney et al. demonstrate that eponymous DEG-1 channels carry mechanotransduction currents in a polymodal neuron, where they act upstream of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.
A p-extension of the symmetric boundary element method

Abstract This paper describes an implementation of the symmetric Galerkin boundary element method for plane potential and elasticity problems on domains with polygonal boundaries. The method makes use of the hyper-singular boundary integral equations for the normal derivatives of the unknown function. We discuss an integration technique which is sufficiently robust to handle p-extensions on geometrically graded meshes. Computer times required compare favorably with corresponding finite element methods. We present numerical results obtained by a uniform p-extension for various mixed boundary value problems. We demonstrate that the same convergence rates can be obtained by the symmetric variational boundary element method as with p-extensions of the finite element method. On the basis of the p-extension process, a reliable error estimate based on extrapolation from a sequence of p-levels can be obtained. This is a unique feature of the variational methods as compared to the classical collocation approach. The error estimate remains valid even for boundary element analysis employing substructures and mixed discretizations with boundary elements and finite elements.
Coexistent Hoffmann reflexes in human leg muscles are commonly due to volume conduction

The existence of "concomitant" (coexistent) electromyographic reflex responses in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles, produced by posterior tibial nerve stimulation, has been cited as evidence for "reciprocal excitation" between these antagonistic muscles normally reflexly linked by reciprocal inhibition. Using the Hoffmann reflex procedure and posterior tibial nerve stimulation, the existence of true reciprocal excitation was tested in six subjects with no neuromuscular impairment. Coexistent EMG responses were observed in all subjects. In no instance, however, could the tibialis anterior EMG volley to posterior tibial nerve stimulation of the soleus muscle be antidromically blocked by common peroneal nerve stimulation applied at 10 to 20 ms offset latencies. A second stimulation pulse applied to the common peroneal nerve at similar offset latencies did antidromically block a tibialis anterior reflex response to common peroneal nerve stimulation. Therefore, volume conduction of reflex activity from the posterior tibial compartment to the anterior tibial compartment was a common observance. We suggest that coexistent EMG reflex responses, presumed to reflect reciprocal excitation, should be tested by the procedure described to reject the possibility of EMG cross-talk as a confounding variable or as the actual variable under investigation.
Cyclic peroxides and the thiobarbituric assay

Several monocyclic peroxide compounds and two acyclic hydroperoxides have been tested for activity in the thiobarbituric acid test. All cyclic peroxides tested which have beta dioxygen functionality on non-tertiary carbons gave positive thiobarbituric acid tests at 532 nm. (epsilon = 10(3) --10(4)) Two acyclic unsaturated hydroperoxides which were derived from gamma-linolenic acid also gave positive thiobarbituric acid tests. In addition to the 532-nm-absorbing species, all peroxidic compounds tested showed a transient absorption at 450 nm during the thiobarbituric acid test. The species responsible for this 450 nm absorption appears to be an intermediate in a series reaction sequence. This intermediate is converted, in time, to the 532-nm-absorbing species. Thiobarbituric acid assay of the crude autoxidation product mixture of gamma-linolenic acid also shows this transient 450-nm-absorbing species. Added ferric ion enhances the 532 nm abosrbance of the thiobarbituric acid assay of cyclic peroxides.
Alfin Catalysts and the Polymerization of Butadiene

Abstract Alfin catalysts are special combinations of sodium salts which cause the rapid catalytic polymerization of butadiene to polymers of unusually high molecular weight. These polymerizations show characteristics which are common to all reactions of organosodium compounds, namely, the tendency to undergo multiple reactions. The reagents are also insoluble aggregates of ions whose behavior is affected by the ions in the aggregate. The history of the discovery is reviewed. The catalytic polymerization shows no property in common with the conventional sodium process for polymerizing butadiene. The present problems center in the elimination of secondary reactions that are known to occur. The theory by which all the reactions occur, including polymerizations induced by organosodium compounds, is discussed. Progress toward the practical use of the alfin polymers is being made.
An encapsulated dumbbell model for concentrated polymer solutions and melts II. Calculation of material functions and experimental comparisons

Abstract The consitutive equation derived in Part I [1] is used to compute steady-state and time-dependent material functions. A procedure is suggested for determining the four independent model parameters (λ H , b , σ, β) from experimental data. Material functions have been calculated using parameters determined by experimental data for concentrated solutions of nearly monodisperse linear polymers. The theoretical curves for steady shear properties (η and Ψ 1 ) are in quantitative agreement with the data well into the range of nonlinear behavior. The calculated time-dependent properties (η*, η + , Ψ + , η − ) are in qualitative agreement with observed behavior. Theoretical curves for elongational viscosity are reasonable, but suitable experimental data are not available for comparison.
Do Out‐of‐State Buyers Pay More for Real Estate? An Examination of Anchoring‐Induced Bias and Search Costs

We explore the questions of whether and why out-of-state buyers pay more for real estate than their in-state counterparts. Theoretically, we develop a model capable of explaining a premium if out-of-state buyers have high search costs, upwardly biased beliefs about prices or an unusually short time horizon to purchase. Empirically, we find that out-of-state buyers pay a statistically significant and economically meaningful premium for apartment complexes in the Phoenix area. We also find some evidence consistent with the premium being driven by high search costs, biased beliefs (anchoring) and haste associated with out-of-state buyers.
Novel biologic therapies for thymic epithelial tumors.

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are comprised of a spectrum of histologically distinct tumors that also exhibit differences at the molecular level (1). Surgery is the mainstay of treatment but locally advanced and metastatic TETs can be inoperable and are associated with worse survival (2). Although multi-agent chemotherapy is associated with objective response rates (ORR) of 50–90% in the front-line setting [e.g., cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CAP) (3), doxorubicin, cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (ADOC) (4)], no standard systemic treatments exist for relapsed or refractory TETs. Several biological agents have been evaluated in TETs in small phase II trials as illustrated in Table ​Table11. Table 1 Published biological therapies in TETs.
Air-Stable, Cross-Linkable, Hole-Injecting/Transporting Interlayers for Improved Charge Injection in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Modification of inorganic electrode surfaces has attracted great attention in the quest to optimize organic optoelectronic devices. An air-stable, cross-linkable trimethoxysilane functionalized hol...
Positional cloning and sequence analysis of the Drosophila clock gene, timeless

The Drosophila genes timeless (tim) and period (per) interact, and both are required for production of circadian rhythms. Here the positional cloning and sequencing of tim are reported. The tim gene encodes a previously uncharacterized protein of 1389 amino acids, and possibly another protein of 1122 amino acids. The arrhythmic mutation tim01 is a 64-base pair deletion that truncates TIM to 749 amino acids. Absence of sequence similarity to the PER dimerization motif (PAS) indicates that direct interaction between PER and TIM would require a heterotypic protein association.
Asymmetric dihydroxylation of disubstituted allenes

Abstract Asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1,1-disubstituted and 1,3-disubstituted allenes can be used to synthesize chiral α-hydroxy ketones. We have also obtained α,α′-dihydroxy ketones with high enantioselectivity from 1,3-disubstituted allenes. Low conversion of the dihydroxylation of chiral allenes can be used as a kinetic resolution of sterically hindered allenes.
Multiple Comparison Procedures

Problems can arise when researchers try to assess the statistical significance ofmore than 1 test in a study. In a single test, statistical significance isoftendeterminedbasedonanobservedeffector finding that is unlikely (<5%) to occur due to chance alone.Whenmore than 1 comparison is made, the chance of falsely detecting a nonexistent effect increases. This is known as the problem of multiple comparisons (MCs), andadjustments canbemade in statistical testing to account for this.1 In this issue of JAMA, Saitz et al2 report results of a randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of 2brief counseling interventions (ie, a brief negotiated interview and an adaptation of a motivational interview, referred to asMOTIV) in reducing drug use in primary care patients when compared with not having an intervention. Because MCs were made, the authors adjusted how they determined statistical significance. In this article,weexplainwhyadjustmentforMCs isappropriate inthisstudy and point out the limitations, interpretations, and cautions when using these adjustments.
Evaluation of the south carolina comr/cunity long-term care medicaid waiver for the elderly and disabled

Medicaid waivers play an important role in the health policy process. Various health care policy initiatives have encouraged states to experiment ith their Medicaid programs by expanding coverage to populations not traditionally covered by Medicaid, or by delivering Medicaid services in non traditional ways. Lessons learned by individual states' Medicaid waivers could be an important part of the health care reform debate. This paper presents an evaluation of a Medicaid waiver operating in South I Carolina. The South Carolina Community Long-term Care Waiver for the Elderly and Disabled is evaluated for cost effectiveness, quality of care, and client satisfaction. This evaluation shows that the waiver is highly effective in offering individuals who are medically and financially eligible for Medicaid supported nursing home care a viable, cost effective, high quality alternate to institutionalization.
Statin use and postoperative atrial fibrillation after major noncardiac surgery.

Background Although statin lipid-lowering medications likely reduce perioperative ischemic complications, few data exist to describe statins' effects on risk for and outcomes of atrial fibrillation following noncardiac surgery. Objective To examine the association between treatment with statin medications and clinically significant postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) following major noncardiac surgery. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 18 years or older who underwent major noncardiac surgery between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2008. Cases of clinically significant POAF were selected by using a combination of International Classification of Diseases -9 codes and clinical variables. We defined statin users as those whose pharmacy data included a charge for a statin drug on the day of surgery, the day after surgery, or both. Results Of 370,447 patients, 10,957 (3.0%) developed clinically significant POAF; overall, 79,871 (21.6%) received a perioperative statin. Patients receiving statins were generally older (68.8 vs 61.1 years; P P P Conclusion Treatment with statin agents appears to be associated with a lower risk for clinically significant POAF following major noncardiac surgery.
Description of layered structures — applications to high Tc superconductors

Abstract The layered structures of the known superconducting copper oxides can be described in terms of alternating slices having the rock salt and perovskite structure. Each slice is made up of a number of layers and each layer can be represented by specifying its chemical composition and its atomic configuration. This layer by layer representation of the crystal structures of oxide superconductors offers a convenient method for classifying and comparing to one another these important materials, and for predicting new compounds which may exhibit interesting electronic properties.
Of Snake-Catchers and Swamp-Drainers: Palestine and the Palestinians in Central European Zionist Discourse, 1891–1914

This essay proposes the hypothesis that Central European Zionist discourse qualifies as a type of imperialism. Modern scholarship on imperialism has demonstrated the existence of common discursive strategies deployed in the service of colonialism such as depictions of the colonised territory as ‘virgin wasteland’, appeals to the mission civilizatrice, and images of the native population as an alien and inferior Other. In focusing on this discourse and its dialectical implications, the author draws attention to the artificiality of the conventional gap between nationalism and imperialism and suggests that from its incipience in the 1890s, Central European Zionism transcended the accepted binary.
The complexity of different types of attitudes in initial and continued ICT use

In the information systems (IS) field, research interest in attitude has fluctuated over the past decades given the inconsistent and inconclusive findings on attitude's effects on behavioral intention (BI) to use information and communication technology (ICT). This study addresses the conceptual, operational, and temporal dynamics of attitude that may have caused the inconsistent and inconclusive results. A longitudinal study was conducted to validate our hypotheses. The results show that: (a) The attitude that significantly influences BI needs to be at a particular specificity with BI on two aspects, the same evaluation target and the same evaluation time, where the time specificity can supersede the target specificity; (b) the relationships among attitudes and intention remain the same if they are measured at the same time, regardless of use stages; (c) the two types of attitudes show different long-lasting effects over time; (d) omitting important mediating factors in a research model may generate misleading messages; and (e) attitudes alone can explain a large amount of variances in BI. The results can help explain the reasons behind inconsistent findings in the literature, inspire additional research efforts, and suggest bringing attitudes back to information systems research due to their theoretical and practical importance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of patellar cartilage. Comparison of conventional MR imaging and MR and CT arthrography in cadavers.

AbstractObjective: To compare the sensitivity of conventional MR sequences, MR arthrography, and CT arthrography for the detection of cartilage lesions of the patella in cadavers.Material and Methods: Cartilage lesions in 10 cadaveric specimens were evaluated by MR imaging, including T1-weighted, proton density-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, and fat-suppressed spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state (SPGR), MR arthrography including T1-weighted and SPGR sequences, and double-contrast CT arthrography including conventional and subtracted images. The sensitivities with regard to detection of lesions were compared to results from morphologic and histologic investigations of sectioned specimens.Results: Twenty-one lesions were detected morphologically. For the detection of these lesions, sensitivities were as follows: T1-weighted images 33.3%; proton density-weighted images 85.7%; T2-weighted images 85.7%; SPGR images 80.9%; MR arthrography with T1-SE sequences 57.1%; MR arthrography wi...
Adolescent Peer Influence and Differential School Performance

Peer influence on student performance in school is the focus of this paper. The ethonographic study was conducted with high school dropouts and non-dropouts in a Colorado community. The contextual ...
Size dependent platelet subpopulations: relationship of platelet volume to ultrastructure, enzymatic activity, and function

A method for the separation of platelets on the basis of their size has been developed using counterflow centrifugation. Platelets were separated, free of plasma proteins and other cells, into seven subpopulations. The smallest-sized platelets, designated as Fraction 1, had a mean platelet volume (MPV) of 3.94 +/- 0.60 micrometer 3 (SD). Each successive fraction had a progressively larger MPV. The MPV for the largest-sized platelets, designated Fraction 7, was 8.19 +/- 0.64 micrometer 3. The MPV for the original platelets prior to fractionation was 6.57 +/- 0.61 micrometer 3. The mean density of Fraction 1 platelets was 1.067 +/- 0.002 g/cm3, while Fraction 7 had a mean density of 1.072 +/- 0.001 g/cm3. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that Fraction 1 had 4.3 +/- 0.9 dense bodies per platelet, and Fraction 7 had 12.6 +/- 2.4 dense bodies per platelet. Platelet LDH activity showed that the Fraction 1 platelets had 4.77 +/- 0.92 iu per 10(10) platelets; Fraction 7 platelets had 14.88 +/- 1.23 iu per 10(10) platelets. The LDH activity in the platelets before separation into subpopulations was 9.47 +/- 1.45 iu per 10(10) platelets. Platelet function was measured by ADP-induced aggregation, serotonin uptake, and thrombin-induced release. Progressively more rapid and more complete aggregation was observed as the platelet size increased over the seven fractions. Serotonin uptake was 4.2 times greater in the Fraction 7 platelets than in the Fraction 1 platelets. Quantitative release of serotonin following thrombin stimulation was significantly greater in the larger-sized platelets than in the smaller-sized platelets. The observed differences in platelet aggregation, dense body content, LDH activity, and serotonin uptake and release suggest that large platelets may be functionally more important than smaller platelets.
Triplet photochemistry of vinyl cyclopropenes: mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry.

Our research on the triplet photochemistry of vinylcyclopropenes has dealt with a diverse series of systems, providing a series of experimental examples and mechanstic studies. It perhaps is not su...
TeV scale seesaw model and a flavorful Z' at the LHC

Small neutrino masses and their large mixing angles can be generated at the TeV scale by augmenting the standard model with an additional generation-dependent, anomaly-free U(1){sub {nu}}symmetry, in the presence of three right-handed neutrinos. The Z{sup '} gauge boson associated with the breaking of the U(1){sub {nu}}symmetry can be produced at the LHC. The flavorful nature of the Z{sup '} can be established by measuring its nonuniversal couplings to the charged leptons as determined by the lepton's U(1){sub {nu}}charges, which also govern the neutrino flavor structure. While the LHC has the potential of discovering the Z{sup '} up to M{sub Z}{sup '}=4.5 TeV with 100 fb{sup -1} data at the center of mass energy {radical}(s)=14 TeV, to establish the flavorful nature of the Z{sup '} requires much higher integrated luminosity. For our benchmark parameters that are consistent with neutrino oscillation data, at {radical}(s)=14 TeV, a 5{sigma} distinction between the dielectron and dimuon channels for M{sub Z}{sup '}=3 TeV requires 500 fb{sup -1} of data. We find that the forward backward asymmetry distributions can also be useful in distinguishing the dielectron and dimuon channels in the low invariant mass and transverse momentum regions.
3-Aryl-3-arylmethoxyazetidines. A new class of high affinity ligands for monoamine transporters.

Abstract A series of 3-aryl-3-arylmethoxy-azetidines were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinities at dopamine and serotonin transporters. The 3-aryl-3-arylmethoxyazetidines were generally SERT selective with the dichloro substituted congener 7c (Ki = 1.0 nM) and the tetrachloro substituted derivative 7i (Ki = 1.3 nM) possessing low nanomolar affinity for the SERT. The 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl-3-phenylmethoxyazetidine (7g) exhibited moderate affinity at both DAT and SERT transporters and suggests that substitution of the aryl rings can be used to tune the mononamine transporter affinity.
Hyperfine field of 237Np in NpO2

Abstract Nuclear hyperfine spectra, obtained by means of the Mossbauer effect of the 59.6 keV transition in 237 Np, have been investigated in NpO 2 between 4.2° and 30°K. At low temperatures a broadening of the resonance line is observed which is interpreted to be a small, unresolved magnetic splitting. From the size of the magnetic hyperfine field, the magnetic moment on the Np atom is estimated to be of the order of 0.01 μ B . These results confirm the presence of antiferromagnetic ordering in accordance with previous magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity data, and in addition show that the magnetic moment in the ordered state is unusually low, as has been indicated by previous neutron diffraction measurements.
The Interaction of Boron with Calcium, Phosphorus and Cholecalciferol in Broilers

Abstract Rossi, A.F., Butcher, G.D. and Miles, R.D. 1994. The interaction of boron with calcium, phosphorus and cholecalciferol in broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 6: 151–160. Four hundred and thirty-two day-old Cobb x Cobb feather-sexed chicks were placed in batteries for 21 days and randomly assigned at one day of age to eight treatment diets. The basal diet contained 22.3 ppm of boron as determined by analysis. Tibia ash was significantly lower for birds fed diets with low calcium and phosphorus or with low cholecalciferol. Feeding diets low in cholecalciferol increased the severity of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and body weight depression. Body weight, tibia ash and TD were not improved by adding 60 ppm of boron to the diet.
Miliary Toxoplasmic Retinitis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• A unique pattern of bilateral miliary retinitis due to ocular toxoplasmosis developed in a patient in the late stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Results of serologic tests for toxoplasmosis remained negative throughout the clinical course of his ocular disease. The retinitis was unresponsive to a brief course of antitoxoplasmosis therapy. At autopsy, the histopathologic material was consistent with toxoplasmic retinitis and the DNA polymerase chain reaction was positive for toxoplasmosis. Recognition of this pattern of retinitis is important in the appropriate treatment of immunosuppressed patients with retinitis.
Attributional style as a diathesis in predicting depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in college students

Attributional style was examined as a diathesis for depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. A naturalistic stressor—obtaining a D or F on an Introductory Psychology exam—was used in a longitudinal design to test for the effects of stress in predicting these criteria. Controlling for preexam levels of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation, prestress attributional style was consistently related to poststress levels of each of these criteria. Both positive and negative attributional styles measured at Time 1 were predictive of these criteria at Time 2. Regression analyses revealed that exam grade, attributional style alone, and attributional style in interaction with stress predicted each of the three criteria. The results are seen as supportive of a prestress attributional style diathesis to depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation.
Side-by-side collaboration

I analyse the discourse and cross-workspace information movement between two collaborators working side by side on a maintenance task. The analysis revealed four mutually constraining representations: task, system structure, modifications and system behavior. Side-by-side collaboratorspush or pullinformation across workspaces in an attempt to ground common representations of these four structures. Although the representations collaborators actually create vary with the type of collaborative endeavor, pushing and pulling information across workspaces is ageneralcollaborative activity. I end by discussing ways in which the push/pull conception of collaboration can be used to inform the design of effective remote collaboration tools.
Vibrational spectra, normal coordinate analysis and torsional barrier of vinylsilane

Abstract The i.r. Raman spectra of gaseous vinylsilane and vinylsilane-SiD 3 have been recorded. The vibrational assignments for vinylsilane have been clarified by inclusion of new Raman data, and normal coordinate calculations have been performed. Two series of summation and difference bands arising from combinations between the SiH 3 stretching vibrations and the low-frequency torsion have been observed in the i.r. spectrum at moderately high resolution. A similar series of combination bands with the symmetric SiH 3 deformation and an SiD 3 stretch have also been observed. The bands are fully consistent with one another, and the frequencies of the v = 1 ← 0, 2 ← 1 and 3 ← 2 torsional transitions have been deduced to be 132, 121 and 106 cm −1 for the normal isotope and 109, 102 and 94 cm −1 for the SiD 3 isotopic modification.