cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calibration and data analysis issues in modern infrared spectrometers using large detector arrays

Modern infrared spectrometers contain many detectors. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) has 4482 infrared detectors. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) (a Fourier Transform Spectrometer) has 27. This paper examines issues related to multiple detectors and describes their impact on calibration and data analysis, using examples from AIRS and CrIS. The potential differences among detectors are not limited to dead channels. They can include: noise characteristics, spatial response, illumination through the optical system, and exposure to radiation. The more detectors in an instrument, the more important it is for both the hardware and data analysis software designers to be prepared to handle such differences. Techniques used to mitigate these effects are described in this paper.
Chapter 11 – Kidd blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Kidd blood group system. The terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the Kidd blood group system are also reviewed. The Kidd blood group was named in 1951 after the family of the first proband to make anti-Jka. The function and disease association of the Kidd blood group system is discussed. The Kidd blood group serves as a red cell urea transporter. Jk(a–b–) individuals are unable to maximally concentrate urine. The chapter also discusses the molecular basis associated with the Jka antigen, the effect of enzymes/chemicals on Jka antigen on intact red blood cells (RBCs), and the in vitro characteristics and the clinical significance of alloanti-Jka. Jka has been demonstrated on fetal RBCs as early as 11 weeks gestation. Anti-Jka fades in vitro and in vivo, and is often found in multi-specific sera.
Remarks on the distribution of resonances in odd dimensional Euclidean scattering

In this article we present some elementary applications of the theory of meromorphic functions to scattering theory, in particular to the distribution of resonances (or scattering poles) for a compactly supported perturbation of the Laplacian in Rn, n 3 odd. The methods used here are based on those of [3]. The study of the distribution on resonances is a topic of interest in mathematical physics and has received much attention in recent years, see, for example, [20,21] and references cited there for a detailed account. We refer the reader to [8,19] for a discussion of the scattering matrix. We recall that it is an operator S(λ) :L2 ( S n−1)→ L2(Sn−1)
Theoretical spectroscopic analysis of intense ion beam-plasma interaction in the PBFA II gas cell

Time-resolved visible emission spectra from the PBFA II argon gas cell were measured in recent light ion beam-target interaction experiments. These emission spectra may be used to study the physics of beam transport and diagnose the cell plasma conditions. We discuss the theoretical analysis of the emission spectra in the wavelength region from 4300 to 4420 A, where several Aril lines are observed. We examine opacity effects on the emission lines and assess the importance of beam excitation effects. Theoretical spectra are compared with the experimental data.
Inherently planar fully depleted SOI isolation

The authors indicate that SOI devices can be isolated by an inherently planar technique that simplifies gate lithography and reduces field enhancement at island edges without the complexities of an STI process by using the low temperature oxide-oxide bond process.
Docking of protein models.

An adequate description of entire genomes has to include information on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins. Most of these protein structures will be determined by high-throughput modeling procedures. Thus, a structure-based analysis of the network of protein–protein interactions in genomes requires docking methodologies that are capable of dealing with significant structural inaccuracies in the modeled structures of proteins. We present a systematic study of the applicability of our low-resolution docking method to protein models of different accuracies. A representative nonredundant set of 475 cocrystallized protein–protein complexes was used to build an array of models of each protein in the set. A sophisticated procedure was created to generate the models with RMS deviations of 1, 2, 3, . . ., 10 Å from the crystal structure. The docking was performed for all the models, and the predictions were compared with the configurations of the original cocrystallized complexes. Statistical analysis showed that the low-resolution docking can determine the gross structural features of protein–protein interactions for a significant percent of complexes of highly inaccurate protein models. Such predictions may serve as starting points for a more detailed structural analysis, as well as complement experimental and computational data on protein–protein interactions obtained by other techniques.
Na(H3NCH2CH2NH3)0.5[Co(C2O4)(HPO4)]: A novel phosphoxalate open-framework compound incorporating both an alkali cation and an organic template in the structural tunnels

Abstract The first open-framework metal phosphoxalate compound containing both an organic and an inorganic template in the same structure is reported. Na(H3N+CH2CH2N+H3)0.5[Co(C2O4)(HPO4)] (1) was synthesized hydrothermally via a direct metathesis reaction using the sodium salts of oxalate and phosphate in the presence of cobalt chloride and ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. The structure of 1 consists of a 3D framework built from the [Co(C2O4)]n layers connected by HPO42− group bridging two different cobalt centers between the adjacent layers. A major and a minor structural tunnels are created and occupied by the Na+ and H3N+CH2CH2NH32+ ions, respectively, in the same structure. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic data for 1 are: monoclinic, P21/c, a=5.8189(6), b=10.235(1), c=13.066(1) A, β=96.671(2)°, Z=4, V=772.9(1) A3, R=3.95% and Rw=6.37%.
The Administrative Role in Teacher Competency.

As managers of teachers, principals must cope with a variety of educational mistakes in their schools. These cumulative mistakes lead to a state of borderline competency in the teacher. From interviews with 30 elementary school principals in a large urban school system, interviews and observations of 19 borderline competent teachers, and review of principals' teacher evaluation records, five states of coping with teachers' educational mistakes emerged: (1) deployment-enlisting the teachers' colleagues to watch over him or her and report back to the principal on the teacher's behavior; (2) detente-bringing the troubled teacher within the society of peers and rallying forces to help solve his or her problems; (3) determination-deciding that the range of the teacher's deviations exceeds the boundaries of normative behavior and there is cause for dismissal; (4) evaluation-assigning an unsatisfactory efficiency rating with extensive documentation and recordkeeping for teachers who have been identified as borderline competent; and (5) formal dismissal-taking action to remove a teacher from the school.
A computational investigation of the three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics of Drosophila hovering and maneuvering.

SUMMARY Three-dimensional unsteady computations of the flow past a fruit fly Drosophila under hovering and free flight conditions are computed. The kinematics of the wings and the body of the fruit fly are prescribed from experimental observations. The computed unsteady lift and thrust forces are validated with experimental results and are in excellent agreement. The unsteady aerodynamic origin of the time-varying yaw moment is identified. The differences in the kinematics between the right and the left wings show that subtle change in the stroke angle and deviation angle can result in the yaw moment for the turning maneuver. The computed yaw moment reaches a peak value at the beginning of the maneuver and remains positive throughout the remainder of the maneuver. The origin of the yaw moment is investigated by computing the center of pressures on each wing and the individual moment arms. This investigation leads to the conclusion that it is the forward force and a component of the lift force that combine to produce the turning moment while the side force alone produces the restoring torque during the maneuver. The vorticity shed from the wing9s leading edge and the tips show a loop like structure that during stroke reversals pinches off into Λ-like structures that have not been previously observed in the wakes of flapping fliers.
Spiral development of software-intensive systems of systems

Commercial, public service, and national security organizations are finding it increasingly attractive to integrate component system capabilities from many different best of breed sources to achieve their objectives. In doing so, they find that they are increasingly dependent on software to integrate the systems and to rapidly adapt them in response to competitive opportunities or threats, new technologies, or new organizational priorities. The resulting software-intensive systems of systems (SISOS) offer significant benefits, but come with significant new types of risks, such as simultaneous satisfaction of multiple stakeholders and quality attributes, and integration and rapid adaptation of multiple heterogeneous software products and COTS products. This tutorial provides software engineers, managers and researchers with an understanding of and emerging capabilities for practicing software engineering in the very large. It identifies the major opportunities and risks involved in software- intensive systems of systems, presents experience-based techniques for realizing the opportunities and mitigating the risks. It provides extensions of the risk-driven spiral model that are being used for SISOS development processes, and provides case study exercises to give participants experience in applying the techniques in representative situations.
Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy: Maternal Complications in a Medicaid-Enrolled Population

Higher frequencies of pregnancy complications have been reported among women with sickle cell disease (SCD) compared with those without SCD; however, past studies are limited by small sample size, narrow geographic area, and use of hospital discharge data. We compared the prevalence of maternal complications among intrapartum and postpartum women with SCD to those without SCD in a large, geographically diverse sample. Data from the 2004–2010 Truven Health MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid databases were used to assess the prevalence of maternal complications among intrapartum and postpartum women 15–44 years of age with and without SCD whose race was reported as black. The comparison group of women without SCD was further divided into those with chronic conditions associated with multi-organ failure and those without chronic conditions. Multivariable log-binomial regression models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios for outcomes for women with SCD compared with women in the two comparison groups. Of the 335,348 black women with a delivery during 2004–2010, 1,526 had a diagnosis of SCD (0.5 %). Compared with women without SCD who had chronic conditions, women with SCD had higher prevalence of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, obstetric shock, pneumonia, sepsis, postpartum infection, and transfusions. SCD was also positively associated with acute renal failure, cerebrovascular disorder, respiratory distress syndrome, eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, and ventilation when compared with women without SCD and chronic conditions. Overall, women with SCD have increased prevalence of pregnancy complications, even when compared with a group of women with similar risk for multi-organ failure.
Pharmacological preconditioning ameliorates neurological injury in a model of spinal cord ischemia

Abstract Background . Pharmacological openers of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels have been shown to mimic ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in both the brain and myocardium. We hypothesized that similar endogenous mechanisms exist in the spinal cord and that diazoxide, a potent mitoKATP opener, could reduce neurologic injury after aortic cross-clamping in a model of spinal cord ischemia. Methods . The infra-renal aorta was cross-clamped in 45 male New Zealand white rabbits for 20 minutes. Control animals received no pretreatment. Diazoxide-treated animals were dosed (5 mg/kg) 15 minutes before cross-clamp. A third group underwent 5 minutes of IPC 30 minutes before cross-clamp. Two groups received KATP antagonists, 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD, 20 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (1.0 mg/kg), before diazoxide administration. Systemic hypotension was induced in a final group with excess isoflurane. Tarlov Scoring was used to assess neurologic function at 24 and 48 hours, after which, the spinal cords were procured for histopathological analysis. Results . Tarlov scoring demonstrated marked improvement in the Diazoxide group compared with control at 24 hours ( p p Conclusions . Administration of diazoxide resulted in significant improvement in neurologic outcome in this model. This protective effect improved outcome at both early and late time points. Further, the antagonistic effect of glibenclamide implicates diazoxide's ATP-dependent potassium channel agonism as the mechanism of protection. Overall, this study suggests that diazoxide may be useful in the prevention of neurologic injury after thoracic aneurysm surgery.
Syntheses and characterizations of adenosine 5′-(α,β-N-methylimido)di and triphosphates and adenosine 5′-(β,γ-N-methylimido)triphosphate—Comparisons with their nonmethylated analogs

Abstract N -Methylimidodiphosphate [PN(Me)P] has been synthesized for the first time by hydrolysis of N -methylimidodiphosphoryl tetrachloride. PN(Me)P was coupled with 5′-tosyladenosine to produce adenosine 5′-[α,β- N -methylimido]diphosphate [AMPN(Me)P] which in turn was treated with phosphocreatine in the creatine kinase reaction to generate adenosine 5′-[α,β- N -methylimido]triphosphate [AMPN(Me)PP]. Using the Michelson synthesis, PN(Me)P was coupled with adenosine 5′-monophosphate to produce adenylyl N -methylimidophosphate [AMP · PN(Me)P]. All three new purine nucleotide analogs were characterized by mass spectrometry and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Their enzyme kinetic parameters ( V max and K m values) were measured in the creatine kinase reaction and directly compared to similar kinetic parameters obtained for the corresponding nonmethylated analogs and ADP and ATP. AMPN(Me)P was shown to have a V max value ca. 40% of that of ADP although its K m value is ca. 100 times greater than that for ADP. AMPN(Me)PP was also a substrate, whereas AMP · PN(Me)P showed no detectable inhibitory properties.
Correlations between sisters and neighbouring girls in their subsequent income as adults

This study uses data on sisters and neighbouring girls in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to estimate sister and neighbour correlations in adult income. Our results suggest that the income resemblance between sisters stems more from growing up in the same family than from growing up in the same neighbourhood. We also find that much of the neighbour correlation is explicable in terms of the large income differential between urban and non-urban areas combined with the strength with which urbanicity of childhood neighbourhood predicts urbanicity of adult location. This pattern is subject to a variety of interpretations, but it is quite different from the usual view of neighbourhood effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity between Fronto-Parietal and Default Mode Networks in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by an excessive focus on upsetting or disturbing thoughts, feelings, and images that are internally-generated. Internally-focused thought processes are subserved by the ‘‘default mode network’’ (DMN), which has been found to be hyperactive in OCD during cognitive tasks. In healthy individuals, disengagement from internally-focused thought processes may rely on interactions between DMN and a frontoparietal network (FPN) associated with external attention and task execution. Altered connectivity between FPN and DMN may contribute to the dysfunctional behavior and brain activity found in OCD. Methods: The current study examined interactions between FPN and DMN during rest in 30 patients with OCD (17 unmedicated) and 32 control subjects (17 unmedicated). Timecourses from seven fronto-parietal seeds were correlated across the whole brain and compared between groups. Results: OCD patients exhibited altered connectivity between FPN seeds (primarily anterior insula) and several regions of DMN including posterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal cortex, posterior inferior parietal lobule, and parahippocampus. These differences were driven largely by a reduction of negative correlations among patients compared to controls. Patients also showed greater positive connectivity between FPN and regions outside DMN, including thalamus, lateral frontal cortex, and somatosensory/motor regions. Conclusions: OCD is associated with abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity between large-scale brain networks. Alteration of interactions between FPN and DMN at rest may contribute to aspects of the OCD phenotype, such as patients’ inability to disengage from internally-generated scenarios and thoughts when performing everyday tasks requiring external attention.
Numerical results for the line-line correlation length near the SU(2) deconfining phase transition

Results from a Monte Carlo simulation of SU(2) pure gauge theory near the finite-temperature, deconfining phase transition are presented. The lattice is ${11}^{3}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4, and the data were collected at values of 4/${g}^{2}$=2.200, 2.225, 2.250, and 2.275 that approach the transition from the low-temperature, confinement side. The Wilson line-line correlation function was measured and the correlation length extracted. The data are consistent with a correlation length that is diverging according to the critical exponent of the three-dimensional Ising model.
TOTALITARIAN TEARS: Does the Crowd Really Mean It?

In this essay I explore the reaction, in Western media commentary, to the announcement of North Korean premier Kim Jong-il's death in December 2011. I focus in particular on responses to the widely circulated images of crowds crying on the streets of Pyongyang. These responses obsessively returned to a single question: Do they really mean it? I do not attempt to answer this question. Rather, by considering a series of subsidiary questions that clustered around it (Can these tears be real? Are these people insane? Why are they such good/such bad actors? Is mass crying something that Asians are particularly likely to engage in?), I ask in turn why the sincerity of the North Korean crying crowds came to seem at once so necessary and so impossible to Western observers. I argue that the obsessive return to the question about whether they really meant it expressed a deep liberal anxiety—not, as one might suppose, an anxiety that North Korean totalitarianism would continue indefinitely, but a much more profound worry that it would come to a sudden end.
Spacer transfer RNAs in ribosomal RNA transcripts of E. coli: Processing of 30S ribosomal RNA in vitro

Abstract At least three different transfer RNAs are produced by in vitro processing of 30S ribosomal RNA which accumulates in RNAase III − strains of E. coli. Two of these tRNAs, tRNA 2 Glu and tRNA 1 He , have previously been shown to be "spacer tRNAs"—that is, genes for their synthesis are located in rRNA transcription units between the cistrons for 16S and 23S rRNAs (Lund et al., 1976). The third tRNA whose sequences are contained in 30S rRNA is tRNA 1B Ala . In addition to the tRNAs, 5S rRNA and several other 4S fragments are produced. Some of these 4S fragments may represent additional spacer tRNAs. One fragment, about 70 nucleotides long, arises from the 5′ end of the 17S precursor of 16S rRNA. Four or five other tRNAs are hydrogen-bonded to 30S rRNA as we prepare it; one or more of these tRNAs may also be a spacer tRNA. The enzymes that process tRNAs out of 30S rRNA are associated with ribosomes, but can be removed from them by washing in 0.2 M NH 4 CI; the enzymes required for 5S rRNA processing remain bound to the 0.2 M NH 4 CI-washed ribosomes. Treatment of 30S rRNA with purified RNAase III produces 6-8S fragments which contain the sequences of tRNA 2 Glu , tRNA 1B Ala and 5S rRNA.
Inferior border titanium cribs in mandibular reconstruction

A prospective study was made of 14 patients with mandibular continuity defects not involving the condyle who underwent mandibular reconstruction with autogenous particulate cancellous and bone marrow, autologous fibrin adhesive, and custom-made inferior border titanium cribs. The design and fabrication of the cribs were based on the prediction tracing of the mandibular defects from panoramic radiographs. The mandibular arch form, facial contour, and alveolar bone height were restored with high accuracy. The average follow-up time was 30 months. Autologous fibrin adhesive held the bone particles firmly together and accelerated the bone graft healing, which enabled the early removal of the intermaxillary fixation and restoration of the masticatory function. The results of this study demonstrated that the use of inferior border titanium crib designed from a simple, practical, and inexpensive technique is valuable in mandibular reconstruction.
An inverse finite element method for directly formulated free boundary problems

In free boundary problems, in addition to the primary field variables, velocity, pressure and temperature, unknown geometric parameters need to be evaluated. A characteristic feature of the problems is a demarcation line which separates two domains with different material properties. The problems are highly non-linear and difficult to handle computationally. Here an accurate and efficient method is presented which can appropriately handle the complexities associated with these problems. The method is based on a tesselation that is constructed by isolines as characteristic co-ordinate lines. Thus opposite sides of finite elements lie on isolines. The method allows the simultaneous determination of the location of the isolines with the primary unknowns. Its accuracy and efficiency is demonstrated in a number of one and two dimensional steady and unsteady model problems.
Acute cryoglobulinemic renal failure after intravenous infusion of gamma globulin

Abstract A 39-year-old woman had mixed IgM/IgG cryoglobulinemia, but was later found to have a lymphoma that produced an IgM kappa paraprotein with rheumatoid factor activity. With intermittent chlorambucil and prednisone therapy, the lymphoma was controlled for five years and she had no evidence of cryoglobulinemia. Because of the presence of intractable pulmonary infection and hypogammaglobulinemia G, she was given an intravenous infusion of gamma globulin. Within 72 hours, renal failure and a sustained decrease in serum concentrations of IgM and IgG began concurrently. A kidney biopsy specimen obtained five days after the infusion showed hyaline "thrombi" in numerous glomerular capillaries and glomerular necrosis, consistent with acute, severe mixed cryoglobulinemic nephropathy. Immunostaining showed strong positivity for IgM, IgG, and light chains in glomerular capillary lumina and subendothelial sites; immunostaining with a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody specific for the patient's paraprotein established the presence of the rheumatoid factor paraprotein in the deposits. These observations strongly suggest that complexes consisting of IgM kappa rheumatoid factor, IgG, and complement initiated the renal damage. Therefore, demonstrable serum rheumatoid factor activity in patients with B cell neoplasms should be considered a contraindication to the administration of intravenous gamma globulin.
The influence of serial sections, immunohistochemistry, and extension of pelvic lymph node dissection on the lymph node status in clinically localized prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives: Pelvic lymph node metastases indicate a poor prognosis for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the value of extended histopathological techniques considering the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy and preoperative risk factors. Methods: Total of 194 patients with prostate cancer were examined. At first all patients had a sampling of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) followed in most cases by a modified or extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. Step sections, serial sections and immunohistochemistry (IHC, pancytokeratin antibody) were analyzed in all SLN and so-called non-SLN of the first 100 patients. Later serial sections and IHC of non-SLN were left out. Results: In 26.8% lymphatic metastases were found. The detection rate of lymph node-positive patients depend significantly on the chosen extension of pelvic lymphadenectomy. Limiting the histopathological investigation to the lymph node specimen of the obturator fossa only 44.2% of lymph node-positive cases would have been identified. An additional inclusion of all lymph nodes surrounding the external iliac vessels improves the sensitivity to 65.4% (46.7% and 73.3% for the first 100 patients). Compared to the extension of pelvic lymphadenectomy the diagnostic gain of serial section and IHC (13.8% versus 53.3%) was comparably low. Conclusions: The extension of pelvic lymph node dissection is of outstanding value for the identification of node-positive patients. Limiting the number of lymph nodes to the ones with the highest probability of bearing lymphatic spread (SLN) makes the use of extensive histopathological techniques more feasible.
Neural network based stereotyping for user profiles

This paper discusses an approach of establishing system models of users' task related characteristics, such as domain knowledge in human-computer interaction. Several neural networks are tested for the modelling process. These networks function as associative memories that capture the causal relationships among assumptions about the users' characteristics. The outputs from the networks are considered as stereotypes assigned to individual users. It is suggested that this approach can be expected to overcome some limitations of user modelling approaches in terms of pattern recognition and classification.
POLARIZED DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING FROM THE CLOUDY BAG MODEL. A FAILURE

Abstract In an attempt to test the assumptions of the convolution model deeply inelastic scattering is considered of polarized leptons from a polarized nucleon, the nucleon being modelled as a core plus pion cloud, as in the cloudy bag model. Application of the Bjorken sum rule shows that the calculated value of g A g V is far below the physical value, thus indicating a breakdown of either the convolution approximation or the nucleon model.
OVERCOMING OBSTACLES TO PROGRAM EVALUATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

This article is based on five applied local government program evaluation studies carried out in the spirit of the work done by Harry Hatry and others at the Urban Institute. Problem areas identified include the attitudes and skills of local government personnel, the lack of appropriate local government resources, the absence of incentives for local governments to conduct evaluations, and the methodological difficulties encountered in conducting research in an action setting. The article ends with a discussion of the unique role academically based evaluations can play in overcoming obstacles.
Unifying concepts of MHC-dependent natural killer cell education

Natural killer (NK) cells, like B and T lymphocytes, are potent effector cells that are crucial for immunity to tumors and infections. These effector responses must be controlled to avoid inadvertent attack against normal self. Yet, the mechanisms that guide NK cell tolerance differ from those guiding T and B cell tolerance. Here, we discuss how NK cells are licensed by self-MHC class I molecules through their inhibitory receptors which results in NK cell functional competence to be triggered through their activation receptors. We discuss recent data with respect to issues related to licensing, thereby providing a framework for unifying concepts on NK cell education.
Association between borderline personality structure and history of childhood abuse in adult volunteers

Childhood abuse has been implicated as a leading factor in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data in this report, drawn from an ongoing study of the therapeutic effect of fluoxetine in BPD patients, were gathered in an attempt to replicate previous findings indicating a history of physical abuse in 71% and sexual abuse in 67% of adult BPD subjects. Thirty-one subjects for a study of the pharmacological treatment of BPD or BPD traits met criteria for the study. Those who had been previously hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder, who had recently been suicidal, or who had recent histories of self-mutilation were excluded. Specific information about childhood abuse was gathered using questions from a previous study of abuse histories in BPD patients. All subjects were then interviewed in greater depth regarding past experiences of abuse as part of the ongoing study of the relationship of childhood attachment experience and adult psychopathology. Six of 31 subjects (19.4%) reported a definite history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse. Four of these subjects met criteria for full BPD, and two met criteria for BPD traits. Three of 31 subjects reported a history of physical abuse (9.7%); five reported a history of sexual abuse (16.1%). Two of the six who reported abuse reported both physical and sexual abuse. A history of childhood abuse is not necessarily linked to the development of BPD or BPD traits in all individuals. The following hypothesis is suggested: BPD may represent a spectrum of symptomatic severity. The least symptomatic individuals and those with traits rather than the disorder, as represented by our research cohort, are least likely to have a history of childhood abuse. The most symptomatic individuals, as represented by hospitalized patients or outpatients reporting frequent self-destructive behaviors, may be more likely to have suffered physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood. Language: en
Stabilizing the power supply in microgrid using sensor selection

Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into microgrid makes power supply more reliable and reduces the cost. However, the connection of a large number of DERs among the load on middle voltage/low voltage (MV/LV) feeders may result in a severe voltage regulation problem. These challenges motivate the application of wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) into smart grid to coordinate DERs with the traditional voltage regulators, such as onload tap changer (OLTC), line regulators and switched shunt capacitors. Thus, to achieve proper voltage regulation it is absolutely necessary to improve the voltage measurement accuracy and assure a long voltage sensor network lifetime. In this paper, two sensor selection schemes are proposed to improve the voltage measurement performance. We first propose an opportunistic sensor selection scheme under equal power allocation and investigate the asymptotic behaviors. Then we address sensor selection scheme under optimal power allocation and derive a reminiscent of the “water-filling” solution for this scenario. Finally present are numerous studies on improving the power efficiency using sensor selection. The theoretical analysis and proofs are instrumental to the future sensor network design in smart grid.
Effects of L-DOPA administration upon monoamine oxidase activity in rat tissues.

Abstract The effects of L-DOPA administration in various doses (250,500 and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days) upon type A and B MAO activities in rat tissues have been investigated using the substrates 5-HT, tyramine and benzylamine. The specific activities of MAO in heart, kidney and brain were significantly increased after L-DOPA, whereas liver and vas deferens MAO was unchanged. None of the observed changes was totally specific for either form of the enzyme, although some evidence for a slight selectivity on type A MAO of heart and type B MAO of kidney and brain was obtained. These results indicate that some tissues may respond to elevated intracellular catecholamine levels, resulting from L-DOPA administration, by increasing their capacity to deaminate those amines. However, at present, the exact mechanism by which these changes are brought about is unknown.
Dynamical corrections to the binding energy of a solvated electron

Abstract The long-range polarization potential in the continuum model of the solvated electron is considered. We include dynamical corrections to the adiabatic potential function used by earlier workers. The eigenvalues of the first three states of a hydrated electron are computed self-consistently by a variational technique.
Differential regulation of p27 and cyclin D1 by TGF-β and EGF in C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts

Previously, we found that stimulation of C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts with TGF-beta leads to the striking and rapid down-regulation of p27kip1 expression during G1 phase. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-beta treatment of C3H 10T1/2 cells does not alter the steady-state level of Kip1 message sufficiently to account for the observed down-regulation of p27. This demonstrates that TGF-beta-induced down regulation of p27kip1 occurs at a post-transcriptional level, consistent with a degradative mechanism of p27kip1 down-regulation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) does not lead to the rapid down-regulation of p27 observed following treatment of cells with TGF-beta. Also in contrast with TGF-beta, EGF causes a strong upregulation of cyclin D1, while neither growth factor affects cdk4 protein levels. These results imply that in this cell type TGF-beta overcomes an inhibitory threshold to cdk activation by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors primarily through down-regulation of p27, while EGF overcomes this threshold predominantly through upregulation of cyclin D1 levels. This divergence in pathways may explain why TGF-beta-induced cell cycle kinetics are slower than those of EGF in these cells, and the ability of TGF-beta to delay EGF-induced cell cycle kinetics to its own, slower kinetics. In support of this hypothesis, TGF-beta prevents EGF-induced upregulation of cyclin D1 levels, while TGF-beta is still able to induce p27 down-regulation even in the presence of EGF. In contrast to the case with p27 degredation, neither TGF-beta nor EGF have an observable effect on the steady-state levels of p21 in this cell type.
The case for connectionism

Presentation du cas de connexionnisme en tant qu'approche de l'intelligence artificielle. L'A. explore son potentiel a etendre notre conception de cognition et rejette les objections de la tradition symbolique
Necking in fumed silica filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) and the resulting mechanical properties of the necked material

Abstract Necking is a well known phenomenon in uniaxial extension of filled and unfilled semi-crystalline polymers as well as amorphous polymers below their glass transition temperature; however, necking has not been observed for elastomers. For the first time necking is observed for a lightly cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer filled with 30 phr or more of high surface area (≥300 m 2 /g) fumed silica. A series of linear and nonlinear mechanical properties of the necked material were studied including (i) linear and nonlinear dynamic shear analysis including the Payne effect, (ii) uniaxial tension experiments including the Mullins effect, (iii) tensile strength, and (iv) tear resistance via the ‘trouser’ test. The tensile strength of the necked material was found to be significantly higher than that for non-neck forming systems. The observed necking behavior is consistent with deformation induced aggregate breakage.
Constraints on the dark energy equation of state from the separation of CMB peaks and the evolution of {alpha}

We introduce a simple parametrization of the dark energy equation of state, $\ensuremath{\omega}$, which is motivated from theory and recent experimental data. The theory is related to the tracker solution to alleviate the fine-tuning problem. Recent experimental data indicates that the present value of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is close to $\ensuremath{-}1$. We analyze the evolution of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ from the separation of CMB peaks and the time variation of the fine structure constant, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. We find that $\ensuremath{-}1.00\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{(0)}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{-}{0.971}_{\ensuremath{-}0.027}^{+0.017}$ and ${1.76}_{\ensuremath{-}0.42}^{+0.29}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\ensuremath{\le}(d\ensuremath{\omega}/dz{)}_{z=0}\ensuremath{\le}{0.041}_{\ensuremath{-}0.037}^{+0.016}$ at 95% confidence level.
Induction of Topoisomerase I Cleavage Complexes by the Vinyl Chloride Adduct 1,N 6-Ethenoadenine

Abstract We used purified mammalian topoisomerases I (top1) and oligonucleotides to study top1-mediated cleavage and religation in the presence of a potent carcinogenic adduct, 1,N 6-ethenoadenosine (eA) incorporated immediately downstream of a unique top1 cleavage site. We found tha eA markedly enhanced top1 cleavage complexes when it was incorporated at the +1 position of the top1 cleavage. This enhancement was due to a reduction of the religation step of the top1 reaction. In addition, eA reduced the top1-mediated cleavage and decreased binding of the enzyme to DNA. We also studied the effects of the eA adduct on top1 trapping by camptothecin (CPT), a well known top1 inhibitor. CPT was inactive when eA was present at the +1 position. Alkylation of the top1 cleavage complex by 7-chloromethyl-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin (7-ClMe-MDO-CPT) was also blocked by the eA adduct. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the eA carcinogenic adduct can efficiently trap human top1 and mimic CPT effects. Normal hydrogen bonding of the base pairs immediately downstream from the top1 cleavage site is probably essential for efficient DNA religation and binding of camptothecins in the top1 cleavage complex.
The Graphical Analysis of In-situ FTIR Studies of Coal Reactions

High resolution graphical analysis techniques of FTIR spectra permit correlations between spectral features to be easily visualized. The techniques are illustrated with an analysis of FTIR difference spectra showing the kinetics of coal drying.
Effect of some environmental factors on cyanophage AS-1 development in Anacystis nidulans.

The development cycle of the cyanophage AS-1 was studied in the host blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, under conditions that impair photosynthesis and under various light/dark regimes. Under standard conditions of incubation the 16-h development cycle consisted of a 5-h eclipse period and an 8-h latent period. Burst size was decreased by dark incubation to 2% of that observed in the light. An inhibitor of photosystem II, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), reduced the burst size to 27% of that of the uninhibited control, whereas cyanophage production was completely abolished by carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. Dark incubation of infected cells decreased the latent period by 1–2 h and the eclipse period by 1 h, once the cultures were illuminated. This suggests that adsorption took place in the dark. Intracellular growth curves indicated that light is necessary for viral development. Infected cells must be illuminated at least 13 h to produce a complete burst at the same rate as the continuously illuminated control. Low light intensities retarded the development cycle, and at lowest light intensities no phage yield was obtained. AS-1 is highly dependent on host cell photophosphorylation for its development.
Civil commitment reform: context and consequences

Laws and policies governing the care and treatment of the mentally ill are in part shaped by the sociopolitical climate in which they are formulated, and their outcomes are similarly shaped by the context in which they occur. Civil commitment laws were narrowed in a liberal era but later broadened in response both to the outcome of the initial reform and the trend toward social and fiscal conservatism which emerged in the late 1970s and 1980s. This study, which reports on the evolution of commitment law in the state of Washington, indicates that while recent changes in these laws mandate greater use of state hospitals, the retention of the procedural safeguards set in place by the initial reform coupled with limitations on resources available to state mental health systems will prevent a return to the state hospital as it appeared prior to the deinstitutionalization movement. These factors may promote the search for non-institutional alternatives, such as efforts underway in Washington and elsewhere to implement civil commitment of community-based services.
Ground state energy of small electron-hole drops

Abstract The ground state energy of small electron-hole drops is calculated for droplets ranging in size from 10 to 10,000 pairs. A new value for the bending energy of 1.1×10 −10 erg cm is derived. We also give a simple highly accurate formula for the total energy per pair. The surface energy is extracted from the total energy and found to agree well with a previous self-consistent calculation. The density at the center of the drop remains essentially constant over the entire range of N, indicating that the drop is not dramatically compressed by the surface tension.
Impact of Prenatal Diagnosis in Families

Results are presented from a study of the experiences of families in which mothers utilized prenatal diagnostic testing. Responses indicate that many parents are discussing prenatal testing even with their very young children. Potentially stressful areas for children were seen in their expressed concerns about the possibilities of detecting a defect, harm to the mother, and abortion. Preschool age children seems especially vulnerable to becoming frightened by fantasies about the medical procedures. Recommendations are made for increased social work involvement in screening for and delivering services to families and children who encounter difficulties with the prenatal testing experience.
Realism and Reform in Rousseau's Constitutional Projects for Poland and Corsica

Of all of the criticisms leveled against Rousseau's practical political writings few have been as pervasive as the charge of intentional utopianism. Over the years this charge has not gone entirely unanswered but, for the most part, the scholarly response has been to identify these works' realism solely in terms of Rousseau's desire to educate a corrupt Europe morally. In this essay, I reexamine the question of utopianism in Considerations sur le Gouvernement de Pologne and Projet pour la Corse to argue that the most egregiously fanciful or eccentric recommendations in these works actually demonstrate evidence of the philosopher's practicality and seriousness about constitutional reform in Poland and Corsica. To appreciate this realism though, readers must turn to Rousseau's opaque remarks about opinion's relationship to the laws in the Lettre a d'Alembert and other writings.
THE DEATH OF A BABY IN THE INFANT SPECIAL CARE UNIT

It is unnatural and untimely for the beginning and end of a life to occur within hours, days, or months of each other. It is unnatural for an entire life span to be lived in a hospital. Of the 39,655 infants under 1 year of age who died in 1989, 8120 died of congenital anomalies, 3631 of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 3931 of short gestation or low birthweight, and 15,809 of all other causes. 11 Statistics for the Evanston Hospital, in Evanston, Illinois, a 30-bed level 3 Infant Special Care Unit, indicated that from 1990 to 1996 the range of infant deaths per year was between 13 and 29. This article provides a brief summary of the evolution of thought and practice related to infant deaths and the current understanding of and approach to family members when an infant patient dies. This article also discusses the range of circumstances that families present to the health care staff and the progress, programs, and practices that have been found to facilitate rather than inhibit the beginning of a healthy mourning process.
Predictive Value of Informant Discrepancies in Reports of Parenting: Relations to Early Adolescents' Adjustment

Research has demonstrated a lack of agreement between parent and child reports across a range of parent and child variables. These discrepancies hinder the interpretation of research findings as well as diagnostic and treatment decisions in clinical practice. The current study examined the hypothesis that discrepancies between parent and child reports of parenting can be useful as predictors of future child outcomes. The participants included 559 early adolescents and their primary caregivers (79% African American, 21% Caucasian). Both respondents provided information on parental nurturance, harsh discipline and inconsistent discipline. A year later, information of adolescents’ internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social competence was collected. Structural equation modeling revealed that parent-child discrepancies in parenting reports could be explained by a latent factor which was a significant predictor of child internalizing problems and social competence, but not of externalizing problems, after adjusting for initial internalizing and externalizing problems. The three models applied across gender and ethnicity.
Constructing the divide: Spatial disparities in broadband access

As residential broadband options such as cable and xDSL grow in popularity, broadband providers continue to roll out service in select market areas. However, due to technological limitations, some locations qualify for xDSL broadband service while others do not. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of local geography on broadband (xDSL) network access. This type of micro-geographic analysis is important in two ways. First, a detailed analysis at the local level can reveal the spatial disparities in infrastructure access. Second, because broadband access is quickly emerging as the technology of choice for both small businesses and households, it is important to consider which locations will have opportunities for these connections and which locations will not. Utilising an integer programming model, the maximal covering location problem, and a geographic information system, xDSL broadband access is evaluated in Columbus, Ohio. Results indicate that many suburban areas can be left without adequate service.
Responsiveness of guinea pig alveolar cells.

Guinea pig alveolar cells were obtainedin situ via bronchoalveolar lavage. The cells were 86% macrophages (GPAM), (>97% viability) with the remainder of the population comprised of lymphocytes and eosinophils. The following battery of functional assays were studied in GPAM: chemotaxis was stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) and by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in a concentration-related manner; cytotoxicity as measured by51Cr release from target cells ± PMA was induced in P815 mastocytoma cells and less strongly in 3T3 normal mouse fibroblasts; release of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGA) was stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187, but not by PMA or the combination of PMA + A23187; superoxide anion production as measured by the reduction of ferricytochrome C was stimulated 25-fold by PMA; phagocytosis of opsonized51Cr sheep red blood cells occurred in a time-related manner and reached its maximum after 120 min; and cell spreading, which exhibited a high rate of spontaneous spreading (76%), was only minimally stimulatable by PMA. The responsiveness of the GPAM, the ease of retrieval, and the large numbers of cells available make the guinea pig an ideal system for future study.