cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiation therapy for Ewing's sarcoma : Results from memorial sloan-kettering in the modern era

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) treated with modern radiotherapy techniques with MRI along with optimal chemotherapy. Methods and Materials: The records of all 60 patients with ESFT who received radiation to the primary site between 1990 and 2004 were reviewed. All patients received chemotherapy, including vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide. Radiation was used as the sole modality for local control in 31 patients and was given either before ( n = 3) or after surgical resection ( n = 26) in the remainder. All patients had MRI and CT scan–based treatment planning, and 43% received intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Radiation doses ranged from 30 Gy to 60 Gy (median, 51 Gy), and 35% received hyperfractionated radiotherapy. Results: Median age was 16 years (range, 2–40 years). Because of selection bias for radiotherapy, the majority of primary tumors were centrally located (72%): spine ( n = 18), pelvis ( n = 15), extremities ( n = 12), chest wall ( n = 5), head and neck ( n = 5), and other ( n = 5). Thirty-eight percent of patients presented with metastatic disease, and 52% of primary tumors were ≥8 cm. Actuarial 3-year local control was 77%. The presence of metastases at diagnosis was an adverse prognostic factor for local control (84% vs. 61%, p = 0.036). No other predictive factors for local failure were identified. In patients without metastatic disease, 3-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 70% and 86%, respectively, whereas in patients with metastases they were both 21%. Follow-up of surviving patients was 6–178 months (median, 41 months). Conclusion: In this unfavorable cohort of ESFT patients, radiation therapy was an effective modality for local control, especially for patients without metastases. The presence of metastases at diagnosis is a predictive factor not only for death but also for local failure.
Strategies and benefits of the successful use of teams in manufacturing organizations

Based on an extensive review of case studies found in the literature, a model which describes the process of the use of teams in manufacturing is developed and proposed. The research methodology (aimed at establishing relationships between the factors in the model) was accomplished through a comprehensive investigation of a manufacturing organization which utilizes team concepts. The impact of this organization's team programs on five variables is directly measured: productivity; quality; job satisfaction; motivation; and decision making and implementation. Results and conclusions indicate what strategies are required for team programs to operate successfully and what benefits are to be expected from such programs. >
Giving to government: Voluntary taxation in the lab

Abstract In the U.S., widespread complaints that taxes are too high exist alongside substantial voluntary donations to private charities whose missions parallel those of government agencies. We employ a "real donation" experiment to compare giving to government agencies and private charities with similar missions, for four different causes (Cancer Research, Disaster Relief, Education Enhancement, Parks and Wildlife) at three levels (national, state, and local). We find that individuals will give to government, paying voluntary taxes to support specific functions. Donations average 22% of an endowment to government, significantly lower than the 27% to private charities. The difference is influenced by cause, level, and perceptions of effectiveness and efficiency, as well as individual characteristics such as income and political affiliation.
Historical evidence that residential electrification caused the emergence of the childhood leukemia peak.

Abstract A peak in childhood leukemia, ages two through four, emerged de novo in the 1920s in the United Kingdom and slightly later in the United States (US). Electrification in US farm and rural areas lagged behind urban areas until 1956. In recent years, childhood leukemia has been associated with residential electromagnetic fields. During 1928–1932, in states with above 75% of residences served by electricity, leukemia mortality increased with age for single years 0–4, while states with electrification levels below 75% showed a decreasing trend with age ( P = 0.009). During 1949–1951, all states showed a peak in leukemia mortality at ages 2–4. At ages 0–1, leukemia mortality was not related to electrification levels. At ages 2–4, there was a 24% (95% confidence interval (CI), 8%–41%) increase in leukemia mortality for a 10% increase in percent of homes served by electricity. The childhood leukemia peak of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be attributable to electrification.
Lacustrine Sedimentation Processes and Patterns During Effusive and Explosive Volcanism, Challis Volcanic Field, Idaho

ABSTRACT Lacustrine deposits in the Eocene Challis volcanic field accumulated in a deep lake bordered by steep ranges. Volcanic and nonvolcanic sediment was transported into the lake via a major dispersal system from the north. High-density turbidity currents transported this sediment throughout the lake system. Paleozoic rocks in the adjacent ranges were secondary sediment sources. This sediment was trapped along the shoreline, and only a small fraction was transported offshore by turbidity currents. The frequency of turbidity currents varied with changes in eruption style. Thus, turbidite accumulation patterns are a faithful record of changes in volcanic activity and associated landscape processes. Effusive volcanism that characterized the early activity in the Challis volcanic field produced little sand-size sediment and had little impact on lacustrine sedimentation patterns. Relatively slow settling from suspension characterized lake sedimentation during this time; turbidity currents were infrequent. The resulting accumulation pattern is a single sheet of turbidite sandstone encased in thick-bedded mudrock. Initial eruptions at the Van Horn Peak cauldron complex altered sedimentation patterns dramatically by increasing the frequency of turbidity currents. A turbidite ramp prograded into the study area, marking a major increase in sedimentation rate. Sediment composition and turbidite accumulation patterns record changes in landscape processes. Syneruption deposits are stacked turbidite sheets. Early turbidites contain mostly sediment derived from the fresh pyroclastic material. The proportion of sediment from pre-eruption sources increases upward through the stacked sheets, recording a change in sediment sources at the end of the syneruption period. Ramp growth continued through this part of the period, although at a much slower rate.
Some Outcomes and Lessons from a Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Psychology Undergraduates

A cross-sectional evaluation of psychology majors (n = 71) revealed significant gains in psychological knowledge, as measured by the Major Field Achievement Test in Psychology, from freshman to senior years, with the mean score of graduating seniors at the 70th percentile. The Social Psychology subtest scores were higher than the scores on the Experimental Psychology subtest at the end of the sophomore year, but the average Experimental subtest score was equivalent by the senior year. In addition, psychology and management freshman had similar causal reasoning scores, as measured by the Reasoning about Everyday Events Test, but sophomore and senior psychology majors scored significantly higher than their management counterparts. We discuss four lasting lessons from our evaluation experience that may benefit other faculty.
Inhibitory Cardiac Transcription Factor, SRF-N, Is Generated by Caspase 3 Cleavage in Human Heart Failure and Attenuated by Ventricular Unloading

Background— Knowledge about molecular mechanisms leading to heart failure is still limited, but reduced gene activities and modest activation of caspase 3 are hallmarks of end-stage heart failure. We postulated that serum response factor (SRF), a central cardiac transcription factor, might be a cleavage target for modest activated caspase 3, and this cleavage of SRF may play a dominant inhibitory role in propelling hearts toward failure. Methods and Results— We examined SRF protein levels from cardiac samples taken at the time of transplantation in 13 patients with end-stage heart failure and 7 normal hearts. Full-length SRF was markedly reduced and processed into 55- and 32-kDa subfragments in all failing hearts. SRF was intact in normal samples. In contrast, the hearts of 10 patients with left ventricular assist devices showed minimal SRF fragmentation. Specific antibodies to N- and C-terminal SRF sequences and site-directed mutagenesis revealed 2 alternative caspase 3 cleavage sites, so that 2 fragment...
The Path to Service Quality: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment on the Effects of Strategic Planning and Technology Access Within The Salvation Army

The current study used structural equation modeling to test the relationships among familiarity with a strategic plan (FSP), technology access (TA), organizational commitment (OC), and service quality (SQ) with employees (N = 247, 67.6% female, 53.8% White) at one Area Command of The Salvation Army. We hypothesized that FSP and TA would have direct effects on SQ and indirect effects through OC. Results showed that OC fully mediated the effects of FSP on SQ and partially mediated TA's effects. Findings underscore the importance of organizational commitment for service quality in non-profit human service organizations.
Using Freelisting to Identify, Assess, and Characterize Age Differences in Shared Cultural Domains

Objectives. Freelisting is a brief, paper-and-pencil technique in which participants make lists of items that they believe belong in a particular domain. Where cultural domains are shared, as for young and old in the same society, subtle intracultural differences may be difficult to detect. This article presents a series of techniques for revealing and describing this intracultural variation in freelisted data among young versus old age groups. Methods. Older (N ¼ 30) and younger (N ¼ 31) Mexicans in Mexico City made freelists in four quotidian domains: animals, emotions, illnesses, and gendered occupations. Results. We used minimum residual factor analysis (consensus analysis) to establish domain coherence and assess overall consensus concerning contents of the domains. We established subvariation within the overall consensus by comparing levels of observed versus predicted inter-informant agreement. Results showed divergent patterns of interinformant agreement between young and old participants across domains. Qualitative examination of items with higher salience for young versus old revealed age differences consistent with prior findings in each domain. Discussion. The concatenation of these techniques renders freelisting an accessible, easily administered tool for probing age and group differences in cultural domains.
Development of a Microwave—Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence 40 Second, <100 cfu/mL Point of Care Assay for the Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis

An inexpensive technology to both lyse Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and detect DNA released from CT within 40 s is demonstrated. In a microwave cavity, energy is highly focused using 100-nm gold films with “bow-tie” structures to lyse CT within 10 s. The ultrafast detection of the released DNA from less than 100 cfu/mL CT is accomplished in an additional 30 s by employing the microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence technique. This new “ release and detect” platform technology is a highly attractive alternative method for the lysing of bacteria, DNA extraction, and the fast quantification of bacteria and potentially other pathogenic species and cells as well. Our approach is a significant step forward for the development of a point of care test for CT.
The Ru−Hbpp Water Oxidation Catalyst

A thorough characterization of the Ru−Hbpp (in,in-{[RuII(trpy)(H2O)]2(μ-bpp)}3+ (trpy is 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine, bpp is bis(2-pyridyl)-3,5-pyrazolate)) water oxidation catalyst has been carried out employing structural (single crystal X-ray), spectroscopic (UV−vis and NMR), kinetic, and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) analyses. The latter reveals the existence of five different oxidation states generated by sequential oxidation of an initial II,II state to an ultimate, formal IV,IV oxidation state. Each of these oxidation states has been characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, and their relative stabilities are reported. The electron transfer kinetics for individual one-electron oxidation steps have been measured by means of stopped flow techniques at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C and associated second-order rate constants and activation parameters (ΔH⧧ and ΔS⧧) have been determined. Room-temperature rate constants for substitution of aqua ligands by MeCN as a function of oxidation state have ...
Structured Machine Learning for 'Soft' Classification with Smoothing Spline ANOVA and Stacked Tuning, Testing and Evaluation

We describe the use of smoothing spline analysis of variance (SSANOVA) in the penalized log likelihood context, for learning (estimating) the probability p of a '1' outcome, given a training set with attribute vectors and outcomes. p is of the form p(t) = ef(t)/(1 + ef(t)), where, if t is a vector of attributes, f is learned as a sum of smooth functions of one attribute plus a sum of smooth functions of two attributes, etc. The smoothing parameters governing f are obtained by an iterative unbiased risk or iterative GCV method. Confidence intervals for these estimates are available.
Alternating-Direction Implicit Iterative Methods

In the previous chapter, we considered various block iterative methods, such as the line and 2-line successive overrelaxation iterative methods, which as pratical methods involved the direct (or implicit) solution of particular lower-order matrix equations. Also, as a standard for comparison of the asymptotic rates of convergence of these methods, we considered the numerical solution of the Dirichet problem for the unit square with uniform mesh spacings, calling this the model problem. This knowledge of block methods, as well as representative asymptotic rates of convergence for the model problem for the iterative methods considered thus far, serves as the basis for the introduction of the alternating-direction implicit iterative methods, due to Peaceman and Rachford (1955) and Douglas and Rachford (1956).
Reliable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Grading System for Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

STUDY DESIGN Observational. PURPOSE To develop a simple and comprehensive grading system for cervical discs that precisely, consistently and meaningfully presents radiologic and morphologic data. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE The Thompson grading system is commonly used to classify the severity of degenerative lumbar discs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Inherent differences in the morphological and physiological characteristics of cervical discs have hindered development of precise classification systems. Other grading systems have been developed for degenerating cervical discs, but their versatility and feasibility in the clinical setting is suboptimal. METHODS MRIs of 46 human cervical discs were de-identified and displayed in PowerPoint format. Each slide depicted a single disc with a normal (grade 0) disc displayed in the top right corner for reference. The presentation was given to 25 physicians comprising attending spine surgeons, spine fellows, orthopaedic residents, and two attending musculoskeletal radiologists. The grading system included Grade 0 (normal height compared to C2-3, mid cleft still visible), grade 1 (dark disc, normal height), grade 2 (collapsed disc, few osteophytes), and grade 3 (collapsed disc, many osteophytes). The ease of use of the system was gauged in the participants and the interobserver reliability was calculated. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient for interobserver reliability was 0.87, and 0.94 for intraobserver reliability, indicating excellent reliability. Ninety-five percent and 85 percent of the clinicians judged the grading system to be clinically feasible and useful in daily practice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The grading system is easy to use, has excellent reliability, and can be used for precise and consistent clinician communication.
Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Response of Coated Nanoparticles

We study coated, nanometer-size, ellipsoidal particles that have a semiconductor or polymer core surrounded by a metal coating. We predict that composite materials containing these particles will have much larger enhancement of the nonlinear optical response than had previously been found by using semiconductor colloid suspensions or semiconductor - doped glasses. The enhancement is due to the surface plasmon resonance from the metal dielectric constant that increases the local field in the core material. The frequency of the resonance and the enhancement depend upon the particle shape and the coating thickness, as well as on the specific materials. Also, we predict intrinsic optical bistability in these new materials and show that the threshold intensity for optical bistability can be greatly reduced by using the coated particles. We predict a switching intensity of silver coated GaAs particles below 100W/cm2
Transport Category Wing Weight Estimation Using A Optimizing Beam-Element Structural Formulation

This paper describes the development of a wing primary structural weight estimation method based upon an optimizing beam-element formulation. For any given outer mouldline geometry, our beam-element method sizes primary structure based upon “envelope” inertial and aerodynamic loads arising from maneuvering flight and hard-landing conditions. It sizes structure cognizant of tensile yield, compression yield, compression buckling of the skins and compression buckling limitations of integrally stiffened wing covers. Using this procedure, we synthesize a “real” structure within a given outer mould line. This structure can be rendered in CAD and used for finite-element-method (FEM) verification. Because our primary structural weights are based upon physical geometry, as opposed to simple empirical and parametric equations, we capture “real world” design effects that escape lower order methods.
Pulsatility does not alter the response to a physiological increment in glucagon in the conscious dog

The present study was designed to investigate if pulsatile hyperglucagonemia of physiological magnitude has greater efficacy in stimulating hepatic glucose production than constant glucagon. Paired studies were performed in conscious dogs. After insulin and glucagon were clamped at basal concentrations for 2 h, glucagon was elevated for 4 h with either a continuous infusion or pulses having physiological frequency and amplitude. With continuous infusion, plasma glucagon concentrations increased from 56 +/- 7 to 194 +/- 27 ng/l. With pulsatile infusion, glucagon concentrations started at 53 +/- 6 ng/l and then oscillated between 157 +/- 15 and 253 +/- 28 ng/l. Plasma insulin concentrations remained constant at basal levels. Glucose production was determined using a time-varying two-compartment model for glucose kinetics and deconvolution. After 15 min, glucose production had risen from 13.6 +/- 1.1 to 53.8 +/- 3.9 mumol.kg-1.min-1 with continuous infusion and from 12.9 +/- 0.6 to 50.6 +/- 2.9 mumol.kg-1.min-1 with pulsatile infusion. After 4 h, the production had fallen to 16.1 +/- 1.2 and 17.1 +/- 0.7 mumol.kg-1.min-1. In the present animal model with insulin held constant, no difference was noted between the response to continuous or pulsatile glucagon infusion.
Fiber-optic lattice filtering

Lattice structures have found an increasing number of applications in the signal-processing area during the past decade. These structures can be used as alternative forms to realize a given filter transfer function or to parametrize a signal model.1 Compared to other realization forms, lattice structures have some advantageous characteristics, such as straightforwardness of implementation, modularity, regularity, and good sensitivity properties, which are very attractive for filtering applications.
Spatial discovery and the research library

Academic libraries have always supported research across disciplines by integrating access to diverse contents and resources. They now have the opportunity to reinvent their role in facilitating interdisciplinary work by offering researchers new ways of sharing, curating, discovering, and linking research data. Spatial data and metadata support this process because location often integrates disciplinary perspectives, enabling researchers to make their own research data more discoverable, to discover data of other researchers, and to integrate data from multiple sources. The Center for Spatial Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) and the UCSB Library are undertaking joint research to better enable the discovery of research data and publications. The research addresses the question of how to spatially enable data discovery in a setting that allows for mapping and analysis in a GIS while connecting the data to publications about them. It suggests a framework for an integrated data discovery mechanism and shows how publications may be linked to associated data sets exposed either directly or through metadata on Esri’s Open Data platform. The results demonstrate a simple form of linking data to publications through spatially referenced metadata and persistent identifiers. This linking adds value to research products and increases their discoverability across disciplinary boundaries.
The apparent effect of « photons » in a wave-mechanical action-at-a-distance theory

We study a model one-dimensional theory of wave-mechanical, simple harmonic oscillators interacting through a scalar « action-at-a-distance » type of retarded coupling. The resulting nonlinear wave-mechanical theory is shown to contain the apparent effects of scalar « photons » independent of recourse to any « second-quantization » formalism. This is done by showing that the « measurement radiation » inherent in the theory is emitted and absorbed effectively in quanta of ħω, even though the electric interactions are classical in nature. Spontaneous transitions as well as induced transitions are properly accounted for, and if we treat an aggregate of oscillators in statistical equilibrium with each other, the corresponding « measurement radiation » observed by the K-th oscillator is distributed according to a formula similar to that of the Planck black-body radiation formula.
Development and validation of a reduced reaction mechanism with a focus on diesel fuel/syngas co-oxidation

Abstract A reduced reaction mechanism has been developed for modeling Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine combustion with diesel fuel and syngas. Employing n -heptane as a single representative chemical surrogate for diesel fuel, a comprehensive mechanism was reduced such that the reaction mechanism of syngas oxidation is included as a sub-mechanism with emphasis on the interaction of oxidation reaction pathways of syngas and n -heptane. Important reaction pathways to be kept in the reduced mechanism to maintain the performance of the detailed mechanism were identified through ignition delay curve sensitivity analysis. In addition, reaction steps to which ignition delays of multi-fuel blends are sensitive were identified and the importance of predictability of co-oxidation of multi-fuels in the mechanism reduction process was demonstrated. The reduced mechanism, with 81 species and 312 reactions, was validated against experimental ignition delay times available in the literature. The reduced mechanism was also applied to simulate diesel-syngas RCCI engine combustion, employing a multi-component surrogate model to accurately model the physical properties of diesel fuel sprays. Predicted pressure and heat release rate results were compared with engine experimental data and good agreement was observed. The present reduced mechanism gave reliable performance for combustion predictions of RCCI engine operation to help further the fundamental understanding of the process occurring in reformed-fuel RCCI combustion and increase the computational efficiency of multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. The reaction mechanism development outlined highlights the importance of considering co-oxidation in generation of reduced reaction mechanisms for applications to dual-fuel combustion.
Attention Problems in Epilepsy

The relation of laterality of the epileptogenic focus to cognition and attention in 43 unmedicated children, mean age 10 years, with benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood was assessed at Clinica Neurologica Universita, Perugia, Italy.
Factors predicting prosecution of child maltreatment cases

Abstract Objectives The purpose of the current study was to examine what case characteristics increased the likelihood of a child maltreatment case being prosecuted, and upon prosecution, of being convicted. Methods Data came from 406 criminal court case files from nine judicial districts in North Carolina. Using logistic regression, we examined how county-level and individual characteristics of arrests predicted the probability of prosecution, and for arrests that result in prosecution, the probability of conviction. Results Nearly two-fifths (39%) of individuals arrested for child maltreatment were also charged with a concurrent offense. Of those with a concurrent offense, 11% had a felony charge. Of those arrested, 40% were prosecuted on at least one charge. Two case characteristics, the presence of any concurrent non-child maltreatment charge or a concurrent felony non-child maltreatment charge, were positively associated being prosecuted on at least one charge. Prosecution for child maltreatment was less likely when there was a concurrent felony charge, when the defendant was the father or a non-parent (relative to the mother), and if the youngest child named was between ages 2–5, or 6–12 (relative to children Conclusions Prosecutors in child maltreatment cases weigh not only the admissibility of evidence in deciding whether to pursue prosecution, but also other case characteristics such as the age of the child victim, whether there is available evidence outside of victim testimony, and other concurrent crimes. The prosecutor may have a stronger case for concurrent non-child maltreatment crimes, and these will thus be more likely to result in conviction. This may also play a role in prosecutor decisions.
Fusion on a Pedestal: The Structure of the Full-Length HSV-1 Fusogen gB

All enveloped viruses must catalyze the fusion of their surrounding membrane with that of their target cell. In herpesviruses, fusion is powered by a large structural rearrangement of the trimeric fusogen gB, with help from viral glycoproteins gD and gH/gL. Although the structure of the postfusion gB ectodomain has been solved, the architecture of the membrane-interacting portion of gB - its membrane proximal region (MPR), transmembrane domain (TMD), and cytoplasmic domain (CTD) - is unknown. These domains both facilitate and regulate fusion, but the lack of structural information on them has hindered reconstruction of the gB refolding process. To fill this gap, we have crystallized full-length, postfusion gB in a detergent-amphipol environment. The resulting structure is the first to encompass the membrane-spanning portion of a viral fusogen in its postfusion conformation. In each protomer of the gB trimer, the MPR is a lipid embedded helix that forms a platform beneath the ectodomain. The TMD helices traverse the membrane at an angle, creating a flexible conduit that could transmit the status of the regulatory CTD below. In the CTD, the three protomers form a shallow basket bounded by a long helix that angles upward toward the membrane. While the remainder of the CTD is unstructured in these crystals, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy data indicate that many of these distal residues form an amphipathic helix embedded in the outer bilayer. Protein/protein and protein/membrane contacts may enable the CTD to restrain fusion by acting as a clamp that braces against the bilayer. These results thus present a possible mechanism for regulation of gB mediated fusion and a strategy for capturing another critical gB form - the elusive prefusion conformation.
The Relation between Transcendental Philosophy and Empirical Science in Heidegger's Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics

We propose to demonstrate that Heidegger’s Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics attempts to think the unthought unity of ontology and theology, or metaphysics, by staging a confrontation between transcendental philosophy and empirical science. Since this topic is a central concern of contemporary continental philosophy, this way of reading Heidegger’s text may prove important for the light it sheds on the deconstruction of this opposition. Heidegger’s own unique way of understanding the relation between philosophy and science involves philosophy in a relation with poetry, and science in a relation with theology.
Mathematical modeling links Wnt signaling to emergent patterns of metabolism in colon cancer

Cell-intrinsic metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer that provides anabolic support to cell proliferation. How reprogramming influences tumor heterogeneity or drug sensitivities is not well understood. Here, we report a self-organizing spatial pattern of glycolysis in xenograft colon tumors where pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1), a negative regulator of oxidative phosphorylation, is highly active in clusters of cells arranged in a spotted array. To understand this pattern, we developed a reaction-diffusion model that incorporates Wnt signaling, a pathway known to upregulate PDK1 and Warburg metabolism. Partial interference with Wnt alters the size and intensity of the spotted pattern in tumors and in the model. The model predicts that Wnt inhibition should trigger an increase in proteins that enhance the range of Wnt ligand diffusion. Not only was this prediction validated in xenograft tumors but similar patterns also emerge in radiochemotherapy-treated colorectal cancer. The model also predicts that inhibitors that target glycolysis or Wnt signaling in combination should synergize and be more effective than each treatment individually. We validated this prediction in 3D colon tumor spheroids.
Recognition and treatment of muscle dysmorphia and related body image disorders.

Objective To present the reader with various psychobehavioral characteristics of muscle dysmorphia, discuss recognition of the disorder, and describe treatment and referral options. Data sources We conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and PubMed. All years from 1985 to the present were searched for the terms muscle dysmorphia, bigorexia, and reverse anorexia. Data synthesis The incidence of muscle dysmorphia is increasing, both in the United States and in other regions of the world, perhaps because awareness and recognition of the condition have increased. Although treatment options are limited, therapy and medication do work. The primary issue is identifying the disorder, because it does not present like other psychobehavioral conditions such as anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Not only do patients see themselves as healthy, most look very healthy from an outward perspective. The causes of muscle dysmorphia are not well understood, which reinforces the need for continued investigation. Conclusions Muscle dysmorphia is an emerging phenomenon in society. Pressure on males to appear more muscular and lean has prompted a trend in the area of psychobehavioral disorders often likened to anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Athletes are particularly susceptible to developing body image disorders because of the pressures surrounding sport performance and societal trends promoting muscularity and leanness. Health care professionals need to become more familiar with the common signs and symptoms of muscle dysmorphia, as well as the treatment and referral options, in order to assist in providing appropriate care. In the future, authors should continue to properly measure and document the incidence of muscle dysmorphia in athletic populations, both during and after participation.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Management of Patients with Barrett's Esophagus and Superficial Neoplasia

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a minimally invasive advanced imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves to produce detailed images of the esophageal wall with fine-needle aspiration to biopsy adjacent lymph nodes. The role of EUS is well established in patients with locally advanced Barrett esophagus neoplasia. The utility of EUS in the evaluation of Barrett esophagus patients is controversial. This is a review of the evidence using EUS in BE patients. The assessment is that EUS may be a powerful tool in managing patients with BE neoplasia.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Nivolumab for Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Background The CheckMate 141 trial found that nivolumab improved survival for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC). Despite the improved survival, nivolumab is much more expensive than standard therapies. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab for the treatment of HNC.
Diffusion rather than IFT provides most of the tubulin required for axonemal assembly

Tubulin enters the cilia by diffusion and motor-based intraflagellar transport (IFT). The respective contributions of each route in providing tubulin for axonemal assembly are unknown. To attenuate IFT-based transport, we expressed modified GFP-tubulins in strains possessing IFT81 and IFT74 with altered tubulin binding sites. E-hook deficient GFP-β-tubulin normally incorporated into the axonemal microtubules; its transport frequency was reduced by ~90% in control cells and essentially abolished when expressed in a strain possessing IFT81 with an incapacitated tubulin-binding site. Despite the strong reduction in IFT, the share of E-hook deficient GFP-β-tubulin in the axoneme was only moderately reduced indicating that most axonemal tubulin (~80%) enters cilia by diffusion. While not providing the bulk of axonemal tubulin, we propose that motor-based IFT is nevertheless critical for ciliogenesis because it ensures high concentrations of tubulin near the ciliary tip promoting axonemal elongation.
Examining burnout profiles in relation to health and well-being in the Veterans Health Administration employee population

The goals of this paper were twofold: (a) To provide a population overview of burnout profiles by occupation in a large, health care sector employee population and (b) to investigate how burnout profiles relate to self-reported health behaviours, chronic conditions, and absenteeism. Burnout profiles were considered by 5 main occupational groups (physicians, nurses, other clinical, administrative, and wage grade [trade, craft, and labor workers]) in survey respondents (n = 86,257 employees). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine how burnout profiles were associated with health controlling for gender, age, race, ethnicity, and occupational group. Employees in the "Frustrated/Burning Up" and "Withdrawing/Burned Out" profiles, respectively, had significantly increased odds of anxiety (OR = 2.17; 99% CI [2.04, 2.31]; OR = 2.21; 99% CI [2.05, 2.38]), depression (OR = 2.06; 99% CI [1.93, 2.20]; OR = 2.20; 99% CI [2.04, 2.38]), sleep disorders (OR = 1.98; 99% CI [1.85, 2.12]; OR = 1.97; 99% CI [1.81, 2.13]), low back disease (OR = 1.60; 99% CI [1.50, 1.71]; OR = 1.58; 99% CI [1.47, 1.70]), physical inactivity (OR = 1.49; 99% CI [1.38, 1.60]; OR = 1.68; 99% CI [1.54, 1.83]), and 5 or more days away from work (OR = 1.74; 99% CI [1.65, 1.85]; OR = 2.15; 99% CI [2.01, 2.30]). Burnout is related to the health of employees. Burnout profiles offer a way to assess patterns of burnout by occupational group and may help customize future interventions.
An experimental study of the lubrication theory for highly compressible porous media, with and without lateral leakage

Abstract In this paper, we report a comprehensive, experimental study to examine the lubrication theory for highly compressible porous media. It is inspired by the frictionless motion of red cells in a tightly fitting capillary and a human skiing/snowboarding. A novel experimental setup was developed where lubrication pressure generated in a soft porous layer was measured as planar board glides over it. Both laterally confined (1-D) and unconfined (2-D) situations were examined. The results excellently agree with the theory by Feng & Weinbaum (J. Fluid Mech. 422 (2000), pp. 281–317) and Wu & Sun (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43 (2011), pp. 1955–1963). The paper demonstrates the significant potential of applying soft porous media in lubrication with tremendously enhanced hydrodynamic lift.
Flood Risk Analysis for the National Flood Insurance Program

Flood frequency and risk analysis play a fundamental role in the insurance, floodplain management and hazard mapping aspects of the National Flood Insurance Program. This paper describes the analytic procedures commonly utilized in flood insurance studies of riverine and coastal floodplains in the United States. Consistency in flood frequency estimates over both time and space is needed to effectively administer the Program at national and local levels. Enhanced capability in risk analysis for flood-related hazards such as ice jams, erosion, levee failure, shifting channels, long term lake level fluctuations, and mudflows is also needed to support Program operations in these specialized hazard environments.
Maturational Patterns and Prediction During Adolescence

A mixed longitudinal study of Skeletal Maturation Indicators (SMI) from the hand-wrist radiograph as a means for evaluating maturational status.
Application of the ISG Viewing Wand in Skull Base Procedures

Tumors arising from or attached to the skull base shift little during surgical removal and are therefore well suited to interactive image-guided surgical techniques. However, most skull base surgical procedures are done without interactive image guidance, as is true at our institution. We have had experience with 16 cases in which the ISG/Elekta Viewing Wand was used during surgery on a skull base tumor; some of these cases were gathered from a prospective trial in which the utility of the system was assessed by the surgeon. Given the number of variables influencing the duration and outcome of each skull base case, “randomized” studies seem inappropriate. We review here some of the technical considerations for use of the Viewing Wand during skull base surgery in general, present some representative cases from our own institution, and discuss selected papers from the literature evaluating image-guided techniques for skull base surgery.
Does a multimethod approach improve identification of medication nonadherence in adolescents with chronic kidney disease

Medical provider assessment of nonadherence is known to be inaccurate. Researchers have suggested using a multimethod assessment approach; however, no study has demonstrated how to integrate different measures to improve accuracy. This study aimed to determine if using additional measures improves the accurate identification of nonadherence beyond provider assessment alone. Eighty-seven adolescents and young adults (AYAs), age 11–19 years, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) [stage 1–5/end-stage renal disease (ESRD)] and prescribed antihypertensive medication, their caregivers, and 17 medical providers participated in the multisite study. Five adherence measures were obtained: provider report, AYA report, caregiver report, electronic medication monitoring (MEMS), and pharmacy refill data [medication possession ratio (MPR)]. Concordance was calculated using kappa statistic. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power were calculated using MEMS as the criterion for measuring adherence. There was poor to fair concordance (kappas = 0.12–0.54), with 35–61% of AYAs classified as nonadherent depending on the measure. While both providers and MEMS classified 35% of the AYAs as nonadherent, sensitivity (0.57) and specificity (0.77) demonstrated poor agreement between the two measures on identifying which AYAs were nonadherent. Combining provider report of nonadherence and MPR < 75% resulted in the highest sensitivity for identifying nonadherence (0.90) and negative predictive power (0.88). Nonadherence is prevalent in AYAs with CKD. Providers inaccurately identify nonadherence, leading to missed opportunities to intervene. Our study demonstrates the benefit to utilizing a multimethod approach to identify nonadherence in patients with chronic disease, an essential first step to reduce nonadherence.
Longitudinal Studies and Eye-Movement-Based Treatments of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome: Estimated and Measured Therapeutic Improvements in Three Complex Cases.

Introduction and Purpose: To demonstrate the utility of using eye-movement data to reveal the diagnostic characteristics of infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS), determine treatment, and both...
Designing Compassionate Interactions for Maternal Wellness

Life transitions are part of human experience. For women, transitions are an integral part of their lives, mainly due to the inherent biological changes unique to them. Life transitions such as menarche, pregnancy, miscarriage, childbirth, and menopause have profound implications for women's physical and mental wellness. For a woman, transition to motherhood is a joyous as well as stressful period in her life. Lack of care and support during this time can result in long-term adverse consequences for both mother and baby. Previous studies have identified a gap in expected and received support for new mothers, which can sometimes lead to postpartum depression (PPD). Compassion, which is empathy in action, may help reduce this gap. My research aims to develop a framework for understanding and designing compassionate interactions to foster maternal wellness during transition to motherhood.
What the Market Likes: External Learning and Firm Valuation

This paper studies the search strategies that firms in dynamic industries engage in to gain new resources and capabilities from external sources. Specifically, I analyze the influence of firm strat...
Digital image centering. II.

Digital image centering algorithms were compared in a test involving microdensitometer raster scans of a refractor parallax series consisting of 22 stars on 26 plates. The highest accuracy in determining stellar image positions was provided by an algorithm which involved fitting of a symmetric Gaussian curve and a flat background to the image marginal density distributions. Algorithms involving transmission marginals instead of density marginals were found to be less accurate. The repeatability and computational efficiency of the digital image centering technique were also studied.
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Using R

As R is becoming an increasingly popular free software environment for statistical computing, there is a need for accessible texts on its use for students and researchers in the behavioral and soci...
BATMAN—Savior or vigilante?

BATMAN is a new technique to prevent left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction from transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) by deploying the transcatheter heart valve from the apex through a perforation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. The risks of uncontrolled balloon dilatation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet include extension of the tear superiorly into the aorto-mitral curtain or laterally to avulse the trigone from the annulus. Percutaneous laceration of the anterior mitral leaflet, pre-emptive alcohol septal ablation, and transatrial leaflet resection are alternative strategies that prevent LVOT obstruction from TMVR.
Egypt: secularism and Islamic modernity

The history of Egypt in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries resembles that of Turkey. Egypt also developed from an Ottoman and Islamic to a national and secular form of society. Its evolution also began with a period of state-managed reform, but its development was diverted by British occupation from 1882 to 1952. British rule cut off the consolidation of an Egyptian military and administrative elite, making a secondary elite of landowners, officials, merchants, and intelligentsia the spokespeople for national independence. These elites, still hampered by British occupation, came to power in 1922 and ruled until 1952. Unable to surmount the dilemmas of governing under foreign rule, divided by nationalist and Islamist political orientations, the liberal elites were removed from power and replaced in 1952 by Arab nationalist military officers who instituted the regime that governed Egypt until the popular revolution in the Spring of 2011. The nineteenth-century reforming state Though part of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt retained a separate political and cultural identity. Under Ottoman suzerainty, Egypt was ruled by local Mamluk military factions. Like the rest of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt had a strong religious scholarly ( ʿulamaʾ ) establishment and Sufi brotherhoods. In the course of the eighteenth century, as Ottoman control weakened, fighting among the Mamluk factions led to the decline of irrigation, excessive taxation, and increasing tribal autonomy and pastoralism. Ottoman weakness exposed Egypt to invasion by Napoleon in 1798, to British counter-intervention, and finally to the appointment of Muhammad ʿAli as governor (1805–48).
Systematic Review of Nonoperative Functional Protocols for Acute Achilles Ruptures Utilizing a Formal Rehabilitation Protocol Showing Lowest Rerupture Rates.

Aim. To lay out a comprehensive protocol for practitioners and physical therapists that has the lowest rerupture rates for nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles ruptures. Method. Relevant articl...
Firm Growth and Disclosure: An Empirical Analysis

Extant theoretical research posits that information asymmetry and agency issues affect the cost of external financing and hence impact the ability of firms to finance their growth opportunities. In contrast, the literature on disclosure policy posits that expanded and credible disclosure lowers the cost of external financing and improves a firm's ability to pursue potentially profitable projects. An empirical implication is that disclosure can help firms grow by relaxing external financing constraints, thereby allowing capital to flow to positive net present value projects. This paper empirically evaluates this prediction using firm-level data over an 11-year period. As anticipated by theory, we find a positive relation between firm disclosure policy and the externally financed growth rate, after controlling for other influences.