cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of HIFiRE-5 Boundary-Layer Transition in a Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel with Infrared Thermography

The principal goal of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) flight Five is to measure hypersonic boundary-layer transition on a three-dimensional body. The HIFiRE flight tests are supported by a ground test campaign; this paper presents measurements of heat flux and boundary-layer transition in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel (BAM6QT). This facility has been developed to provide quiet flow at high Reynolds number, with low noise levels comparable to flight. Previously, the global heat flux and location of the transition front were measured with TemperatureSensitive Paint (TSP). Two modes of transition were observed: transition starting in close proximity to the centerline and transition roughly halfway between the centerline and leading edges, probably due to the breakdown of crossflow vortices. One drawback of the TSP was the unavoidable step at the edge of the painted area, which has an unknown effect on the subsequent complex transition front. A new 38.1%-scale HIFiRE-5 model was built with a flush PEEK shell, which makes it suitable for infrared-thermographic heatflux measurements. Quiet-flow tests at Reynolds numbers of 8–12·106 /m and zero angle of attack were conducted and indicate a centerline transition location within 5% of the earlier TSP results, on the order of the uncertainty of the two techniques. This good agreement with independent instrumentation on the flush-walled model reinforces confidence in the earlier measurements.
Decision Strategies of the Legislative Budget Analyst: Economist or Politician?

This work describes and classifies the budgeting behavior of legislative analysts from nine southern states and then compares their decision orientations with executive analysts from the same states. The research methodology employs a laboratory approach, exposing analysts to budgetary scenarios and then recording their responses. Social judgment analysis is used to quantify the decisions of analysts based on their weighting of the defined factors included in hypothetical state agency budget requests. These factors represent economic, incremental, and political cues familiar to analysts responsible for the review of such requests for legislators.
Study of hydrolysis of urinary metabolites of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone.

SummaryUrinary metabolites of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone have been separated by paper chromatography and their response to various hydrolytic procedures studied. Three conjugates, phosphate, glucuronide and sulfate were hydrolyzed both by hydrochloric acid and by ceric sulfate. The sulfate was hydrolyzed to a greater degree by hydrochloric acid and this reagent was less effective than ceric sulfate in splitting phosphate and glucuronide. Following treatment of rat urine with hydrochloric acid or with ceric sulfate, significant quantities of sulfate remained unhydrolyzed. A combination of these procedures hydrolyzed the sulfate. 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone was released from glucuronide and sulfate after incubation in the presence of Ketodase. The conjugate present in lowest relative concentration was phosphate, that present in largest amount was glucuronide.
Biology of Apanteles dignus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Primary Parasite of the Tomato Pinworm

Apanteles dignus Muesebeck, a solitary, primary, larval endoparasite of Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham), was studied under insectary conditions of 26.6±1◦C and 50±2% RH. The elongated, translucent-white egg, averaging 0.350×0.063 mm (newly deposited), is randomly deposited in the body cavity of the host larva where the parasite larvae develop. There are 3 instars, the first being mandibulate and the other two hymenopteriform. Mature parasite larvae emerged from the mature host larvae, killing it, and then spun a silver-white cylindrical cocoon. The total developmental time from egg to adult was about 18 days; egg 1 day; 1st instar 4 days; 2nd instar 1 day; 3rd or last instar 1–2 days; prepupa 1 day; and pupa 8–10 days. Adult emergence was stimulated by light, and copulation took place soon after emergence. Males mated several times, females only once. Unmated females produced males only, mated females both males and females. There is essentially no preoviposition period. Without food and water, adults died within 1.2 days; with both honey and water, females lived an average of 10.2 days and males lived 13.6 days. Ten mated females had an average ovipositional period of 6.7 days (maximum 10) and produced an average of 152.1 adult progeny (maximum 182). Longevity of the ovipositing females averaged 7.0 days (maximum 10) and the sex ratio (♂ : ♀) of their progeny averaged 1.5. Average production of progeny remained above 19 per day through the 1st 5 days of the female's life, reaching a peak of 35.9 progeny per day on the 3rd day. Virgin females lived an average of 3.2 days longer than mated females, but produced an average of 32 fewer progeny. Parasitization occurred when tomato fruit infested with tomato pinworm larvae were exposed to parasite females.
Epidemiological analysis and inquire into prevention tactics of virus hepatitis B in Gaozhou of Guangdong from 1999 to 2002

Objective To known epidemiological character of irus hepatitis B in Gaozhou city,,and the tactics was working out that more effectively prevent and control.Methods Virus hepititis Bcase datum of Gaozhou during 1999 to 2002 was collected and seeking out the epidemic characteristic by way of the statistics analyses. Results The 1846 cases of virus hepatitis B was reported in Gaozhou city during 1999 to 2002,and in the type A and B of infection totals was occupies 30.86 percent (1846/5982) that had been reported in this period of time,and his is cases count be situated to the second in the type A and B of infection totals.The town morbidity Tantou was highest and Shenzhen was lowest The virus hepatitis B was no summit of invasion season,The male sex cases is more than the female sex cases,and 15￣34 age old case’s number occupies in 59.54 percent,and occupation classification, peasant case occupies 48.48 percent,student cases occupies 27.95 percent.Conclusion Virus hepatitis B morbidity in Gaozhou is high ,and controls the virus hepatitis B have to preventive vaccinate hepatitis B vaccine in time for newborn according to immune program.
∆5-Androstene-3β,17β-diol in healthy eumenorrheic women: relationship to body mass and hormonal profile * †

Objective To determine whether ∆ 5 -Androstene-3 β ,17 β -diol or androstenediol secretion increases with body mass. Design A prospective study. Setting University-based clinical research center. Patients Twenty healthy, nonhirsute, eumenorrheic women, 10 with a body mass index (BMI) 2 and 10 with a BMI >31kg/m 2 were studied. Interventions All patients had blood sampled before (0minute) and 60minute after acute administration of 1mg ACTH-(1–24) IV. Body circumferences were obtained, and the BMI and waist-hip ratio was calculated. Main Outcome Measures Total T, androstenedione (A), E 2 , sex hormone binding globulin, DHEA, DHEAS, and androstenediol were measured at 0minutes (steroid 0 ); and DHEA, A and androstenediol were also measured after stimulation (steroid 60 ). The net steroid increment (∆) from 0 to 60minute was calculated. Results Compared with thin women, obese subjects had higher levels of androstenediol 60 (95.8±20.3 versus 130.7±40.7ng/dL, respectively [conversion factor to SI units, 0.03443]) and Aandrostenediol (17.4±8.7 versus 37.8±29.0ng/dL, respectively [conversion factor to SI units, 0.03443]). Neither the BMI, height, nor the body circumference measures correlated with any of the steroid levels or responses to adrenal stimulation, except for a weak positive correlation between BMI and estrone (E 1 ) ( r =0.38) and a negative correlation between waist-hip ratio and Aandrostenediol ( r =−0.51). The basal level of T, E 1 , and DHEA 0 , but not A or DHEAS, correlated with androstenediol 0 ( r =0.65, 0.62, and 0.67, respectively) and ∆androstenediol ( r =0.66, 0.63, and 0.63 to 0.005, respectively). Conclusions Although the unstimulated morning androstenediol level did not differ between obese and thin euandrogenic healthy women, the response of androstenediol to ACTH-(1–24) stimulation was greater in obese individuals. The present findings, together with our previous data demonstrating an increased adrenal secretion of the E 1 precursor A in response to ACTH in obese ssswomen, suggests that the adrenal cortex in overweight women may further enhance the estrogenic milieu of these women.
The importance of gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis : Symptom rates and risk for GI hospitalization

Objective. To determine the prevalence and stability of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA); to determine the specific symptoms that contribute to severity; and to determine the predictive value of GI symptoms and GI severity on the risk of future GI hospitalization. Methods. A questionnaire survey was mailed to 1221 patients with RA and OA on a continuing 6 month schedule. Patients completed an average of 4.4 questionnaires (n = 5047). Questionnaires included a visual analog scale GI severity scale, and questions regarding GI hospitalizations and specific GI symptoms. Hospitalizations that were reported as relating to the GI system were audited by checking hospital records. Results. We found 57.5%, 40.2%, and 25.5% of patients had at least one assessment in which they had a GI symptom severity of 0.25-0.99, 1.00-1.99, and 2.00 or greater, respectively. Overall 74.9% had at least one score of 0.25 or greater, and 73.6% had one score of <0.25, the cutoff for GI symptoms. By contrast, 6.45% had a GI hospitalization, and in only 0.75% of the questionnaire assessments were hospitalizations noted. Pyrosis and peptic ulcer symptoms were common, and were found in 62.5% and 42.4% of patients and 28.2% and 12.9% of observations, respectively. Among patients reporting GI severity scores between 2 and 3, roughly 60% and 45% reported the presence of pyrosis and peptic ulcer symptoms, respectively. The presence of a GI severity score ≥ 0.25 was associated with 2.8-3.0-fold increase in the risk of hospitalization over the following 6 months. Conclusion. These data suggest that symptoms have an importance of their own that relates to quality of life, regardless of the risk of serious GI events like hospitalization, and that more attention should be placed on symptoms and symptom severity in future research. In spite of the statistical predictive value of GI symptom severity on future hospitalizations, it is important to recognize that rate of GI hospitalization increases from 0.92 per 100 patient-years to only 2.90 per 100 patient-years when the GI symptom scale goes from ∼zero to positive values. Thus, in spite of its statistical predictive ability, GI symptom severity is a poor clinical predictor of the hospitalizations that occur in patients with rheumatic diseases. Instead, GI symptom severity and specific GI symptoms have a separate importance to patients.
Attribution to Supernatural Causation: An Important Component of Religious Commitment?:

Most religious belief systems maintain that some natural events are caused by divine intervention. Exploration of the manner in which believers attribute events to supernatural causes is thus one f...
Masses of Mg 17 , 18 , 19 , 20

A previous simple parametrization of mirror energy differences in pairs of nuclei consisting of a $p$-shell core plus two $sd$-shell nucleons is applied to a series of mirrors that contain $sd$-shell nucleons in the core. Results for $^{19,20}\mathrm{Mg}$ agree with experiment and with a potential model. Predictions are made for $2p$ separation energies of $^{17,18}\mathrm{Mg}$.
Influence of Tick and Mammalian Physiological Temperatures on Borrelia Burgdorferi Biofilms

The spirochaete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato is the aetiologic agent of Lyme disease. Borrelia is transmitted to mammals through tick bite and is adapted to survive at tick and mammalian physiological temperatures. We have previously shown that B. burgdorferi can exist in different morphological forms, including the antibiotic-resistant biofilm form, in vitro and in vivo. B. burgdorferi forms aggregates in ticks as well as in humans, indicating potential of biofilm formation at both 23 and 37 °C. However, the role of various environmental factors that influence Borrelia biofilm formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of tick (23 °C), mammalian physiological (37 °C) and standard in vitro culture (33 °C) temperatures with the objective of elucidating the effect of temperature on Borrelia biofilm phenotypes invitro using two B. burgdorferisensu stricto strains (B31 and 297). Our findings show increased biofilm quantity, biofilm size, exopolysaccharide content and enhanced adherence as well as reduced free spirochaetes at 37 °C for both strains, when compared to growth at 23 and 33 °C. There were no significant variations in the biofilm nano-topography and the type of extracellular polymeric substance in Borrelia biofilms formed at all three temperatures. Significant variations in extracellular DNA content were observed in the biofilms of both strains cultured at the three temperatures. Our results indicate that temperature is an important regulator of Borrelia biofilm development, and that the mammalian physiological temperature favours increased biofilm formation in vitro compared to tick physiological temperature and in vitro culture temperature.
Surrogate species protection in Bolivia under climate and land cover change scenarios

Abstract The Amazon rainforest covers more than 60% of Bolivia’s lowlands, providing habitat for many endemic and threatened species. Bolivia has the highest rates of deforestation of the Amazon biome, which degrades and fragments species habitat. Anthropogenic habitat changes could be exacerbated by climate change, and therefore, developing relevant strategies for biodiversity protection under global change scenarios is a necessary step in conservation planning. In this research we used multi-species umbrella concept to evaluate the degree of habitat impacts due to climate and land cover change in Bolivia. We used species distribution modeling to map three focal species (Jaguar, Lowland Tapir and Lesser Anteater) and assessed current protected area network effectiveness under future climate and land cover change scenarios for 2050. The studied focal species will lose between 70% and 83% of their ranges under future climate and land-cover change scenarios, decreasing the level of protection to 10% of their original ranges. Existing protected area network should be reconsidered to maintain current and future biodiversity habitats.
Evaluation of face recognition techniques for application to facebook

This paper evaluates face recognition applied to the real-world application of Facebook. Because papers usually present results in terms of accuracy on constrained face datasets, it is difficult to assess how they would work on natural data in a real-world application. We present a method to automatically gather and extract face images from Facebook, resulting in over 60,000 faces datasets, we evaluate a variety of well-known face recognition algorithms (PCA, LDA, ICA, SVMs) against holistic performance metrics of accuracy, speed, memory usage, and storage size. SVMs perform best with ~65% accuracy, but lower accuracy algorithms such as IPCA are orders of magnitude more efficient in memory consumption and speed, yielding a more feasible system.
Speech therapy software on an open web platform

Over the past several decades there have been a handful of speech therapy software programs made available to people with speech problems, specifically for stuttering related speech issues. The goal of this paper is to introduce the ability to offer these patients a speech therapy program accessible from an ordinary web browser and thereby gaining the many benefits of using an open web platform. With the open web platform, a rich internet application can be developed with real time audio processing and media capture via the Web Audio API and Media Capture and Streams API. By combining these powerful APIs with an online database, patients can have a fully managed speech therapy application that can be accessed from the comfort of their homes. This new type of speech therapy application will allow the doctor to monitor the patient's advancements outside of the clinical setting.
Fabrication of stabilized colloidal crystal monolayers

Abstract A recent report described a very simple and rapid method to prepare colloidal crystal monolayers by rubbing spherical particles between two rubber plates [Park et al., Advanced Materials, 26 (2014) 4633]. Here we describe a commensurately simple extension of Park’s procedure to prepare films that are much more robust, yet retain the overall structure of the colloidal crystal monolayer. The procedure produces solid necks that connect pairs of particles and also connect particles to the solid. These connections between particles are achieved by first transporting liquid to menisci between the particles and then solidifying those necks by exposure to gas phase reactant and catalyst. We show that the stabilized films are much more resistant to removal of particles during a peel test. We also show that the stabilization method is effective on silica layer-by-layer films.
Family Social Support Modifies the Relationships Between Childhood Maltreatment Severity, Economic Adversity and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

This study examines the main and moderating effects of childhood abuse or neglect severity, income, and family social support on the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). Participants included 183 postpartum mothers who endorsed a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) and enrolled in a longitudinal study of mother and child outcomes. Participants completed questionnaires to assess CM severity, associated societal and maternal characteristics, and depressive symptom severity. The results confirm previously identified links between CM severity and PDS. Further, hierarchical linear regression analyses indicate the interaction of household income and interpersonal support from the family attenuates the relationship between CM severity and PDS. The final model accounted for 29% of the variance of PDS scores, a large effect size. This study is the first to demonstrate interrelationships between income and social support on resilience to postpartum psychopathology in childhood trauma-surviving women. Social support appeared to protect against PDS for all mothers in this study while income only conferred a protective effect when accompanied by family support. For clinicians, this implies the need to focus on improving family and other relationships, especially for at-risk mothers.
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers use and breast cancer outcomes in patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy.

537 Background: There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) might have anti-tumor properties. We investigated whether the use...
Overweight and Obesity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a Critical Review Investigating the Etiology, Development, and Maintenance of this Relationship

Pediatric obesity is associated with negative health and psychosocial consequences. However, obesity may not uniformly affect all populations. Limited research has investigated the factors that contribute to the incidence and persistence of overweight and obesity among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review systematically examined the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among children with ASD. The majority of studies suggest that children with ASD may be at a greater risk for excess weight gain compared to typically developing peers. Additionally, this review investigated potential contributing factors to the etiology and maintenance of obesity within this population. Research should continue to investigate excess weight gain in this population in order to adapt weight loss interventions for children with ASD.
Avoiding the Pitfalls of Attending to Dispositions in Teacher Education

The purpose of this essay is to begin to identify some of the inconspicuous issues related to dispositions in teacher education programs. My intent in doing so is to provide a starting point for gaining a professional consensus around a set of guidelines for attending to dispositions in teacher education. To that end, I describe six potential pitfalls of approaches to dispositions, and I point up the importance of attending to dispositions in teacher education as one part of the ethical and moral work of teaching.
Molecular genetic analysis of the FMRFamide-related neuropeptides in Drosophila.

Publisher Summary Neuropeptides play significant roles in chemical neurotransmission, and their involvement has greatly increased the number of identified transmitters. This chapter describes the application of the techniques of Drosophila genetics for manipulating the expression of a specific neuropeptide gene and the developmental mechanisms by which this gene is normally expressed in a stereotyped set of unrelated neurons. The chapter explores the logic of these developmental mechanisms in the context of the physiologically mature nervous system by creating and examining three abnormal patterns of expression. The results indicate that analysis of the FMRFamide neuropeptide gene in Drosophila give hope that it will represent a valuable model system with which to address basic questions regarding the biological functions of neuropeptides using a molecular genetic approach. Drosophila preproFMRFamide contains multiple FMRFamide-like neuropeptides that reflect as many as seven different sequence variations in the amino-terminal portions of the molecules. However, whether such variety indicates differences in function for different peptides is not known.
Silvaco based electro-thermal analysis of 4H-SiC TIV-JFET structure under extremely high current density resistive switching

A 2D model of a 1200 V normally-ON 4H-SIC Trenched and Implanted Vertical Junction Field Effect Transistor (TIV-JFET) cell structure was designed and simulated using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD software to investigate and understand the effects of extremely high current density pulsed switching on the device characteristics. The JFET cell was designed for an active area of 2 μm2 and a threshold voltage of −7 V. Physics-based models were included to account for impact ionization, recombination effects, band gap narrowing, mobility and lattice heating. The electro-thermal simulation was performed using a resistive switching circuit at an ambient lattice temperature of 300 K. The circuit was designed for an ON-state drain current density of 5000 A/cm2. The device was simulated using a 100 kHz 50% duty cycle gate signal consisting of four switching cycles considering the simulation duration bottleneck. The analysis of lattice temperature profile revealed the formation of thermal hot spot in the channel area close to the gate P+ regions in the JFET structure. Further analysis showed an increase in the minority carrier concentration in the vicinity of the gate implants which affected the switching characteristics of the JFET at extremely high current density.
Crystal Structure of an Unusual Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein Encoded by Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements.

Summary Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a global public health threat. Methicillin resistance is carried on mobile genetic elements belonging to the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) family. The molecular mechanisms that SCC elements exploit for stable maintenance and for horizontal transfer are poorly understood. Previously, we identified several conserved SCC genes with putative functions in DNA replication, including lp1413, which we found encodes a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein. We report here the 2.18 A crystal structure of LP1413, which shows that it adopts a winged helix-turn-helix fold rather than the OB-fold normally seen in replication-related ssDNA-binding proteins. However, conserved residues form a hydrophobic pocket not normally found in winged helix-turn-helix domains. LP1413 also has a conserved but disordered C-terminal tail. As deletion of the tail does not significantly affect cooperative binding to ssDNA, we propose that it mediates interactions with other proteins. LP1413 could play several different roles in vivo.
Legislative Jurisdiction, Judicial Canons, and International Law

Congress often enacts statutes whose terms have no geographic limit. In deciding how far those statutes reach, the Supreme Court employs judicial canons, the best-known of which is the presumption against extraterritoriality, which states that "legislation of Congress, unless a contrary intent appears, is meant to apply only within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States." Despite the apparent simplicity of this language, the Court has failed to employ it consistently and predictably. This article proposes a new approach: to resolve questions of legislative jurisdiction, the Court should reinvigorate an older judicial canon, the presumption that U.S. laws do not extend beyond the limits on legislative jurisdiction imposed by international law. Under the proposal, courts would look to the bases of legislative jurisdiction under international law to determine whether to employ a presumption against the application of a statute.
Effect of diabetes self-efficacy on glycemic control, medication adherence, self-care behaviors, and quality of life in a predominantly low-income, minority population.

Objective : This study examined the effect of self-efficacy on glycemic control, self-care behaviors, and quality of life in low-income, minority adults with diabetes. Methods : Data on 378 participants were examined. Multiple linear regression assessed associations between self-efficacy, hemoglobin A1c, medication adherence, diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors and quality of life. Results : Self-efficacy had modest correlations with glycemic control (r=2.250, P< .001), medication adherence (r=2.352, P <.001), diabetes knowledge (r=.118, P =.039), diet (r=.420, P <.001), exercise (r=.220, P <.001), blood sugar testing (r=.213, P <.001), foot care (r=.121, P =.032), and mental health related quality of life (r5 .137, P5.017). In the regression model, self-efficacy was significantly associated with glycemic control (b=2.104, 95% CI: 2.157, 2.051), medication adherence (b=2.067, 95% CI: 2.090, 2.044), diet (b=.150, 95% CI: .108, .191), exercise (b=.113, 95% CI: .065, .161), blood sugar testing (b=.107, 95% CI: .049, .164) and mental health related quality of life (b=.112, 95% CI: .051, .173). Conclusion : Higher self-efficacy was associated with improved glycemic control, medication adherence, self-care behavior and mental health related quality of life. Practice Implications: Emphasis on self-efficacy is relevant for educational interventions developed for low-income, minority populations. ( Ethn Dis . 2014;24[3]:349–355)
Lack of Benefit on Brain Edema, Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability, or Cognitive Outcome in Global Inducible High Mobility Group Box 1 Knockout Mice Despite Tissue Sparing after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a prototypical danger-associated molecular pattern molecule that is considered a late mediator of neuro-inflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prior studies have suggested that targeting HMGB1 may lead to neuroprotective effects, but none of these studies have reported cognitive outcomes. We hypothesized that loss of HMGB1 before and after TBI would markedly attenuate post-traumatic brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, improve functional deficits and long-term neuropathology versus control mice. Using the controlled cortical impact model and conditional global HMGB1 knockout (HMGB1 KO) mice, we demonstrate that there was a neuroprotective effect seen in the HMGB1 KO versus wild-type control evidenced by a significant reduction in contusion volume. However, two surprising findings were 1) the lack of benefit on either post-traumatic brain edema or BBB permeability, and 2) that spatial memory performance was impaired in HMGB1 KO naive mice such that the behavioral effects of HMGB1 deletion in uninjured naive mice were similar to those observed after TBI. Our data suggest the possibility that the role of HMGB1 in TBI is a "double-edged sword"; that is, despite the benefits on selected aspects of secondary injury, the sustained absence of HMGB1 may impair cognitive function, even in naive mice. Given the pleiotropic actions of extracellular and intracellular HMGB1, when evaluating the potential use of therapies targeting HMGB1, effects on long-term cognitive outcome should be carefully evaluated. It also may be prudent in future studies to examine cell-specific effects of manipulating the HMGB1 pathway.
Abstract IA10: Childhood cancer disparities: Past, present, and future

With decades of progress in the successful treatment of many childhood cancers, overall survival now approaches 80%. However, there are persistent disparities in outcomes for several groups of children and adolescents, as well as a lack of research on the factors that contribute to these differences. This paucity of research greatly limits our efforts to address these important differences. We recently held a dedicated one-day symposium to increase awareness of the disparities that exist for childhood cancers, to stimulate the development of new research, and to begin to establish a research strategy for addressing key disparities. We discussed the genetic, environmental, social, and medical system factors associated with disparities in risk and outcomes, specifically for patients with leukemias and sarcomas. We also discussed factors specific to Hispanic and African-American children, to non-English-speaking families, and to children who live in rural or impoverished areas. Moving into the future, a plan was discussed for increasing research on disparities among children and adolescents across the cancer continuum. Citation Format: Michael E. Scheurer. Childhood cancer disparities: Past, present, and future [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Collecting Ethnographic Video Data for Policy Research

Despite growing recognition of the critical role of parents in children’s early development, parenting education programs and interventions typically have had limited impacts on children’s outcomes...
Peptide-Neuromedin B (NMB) Receptor Interactions: Comparison with Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) Receptor Interactions

The amphibian peptide bombesin and the mammalian structurally-related peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB) elicit a wide range of biological responses (1-3). These include release of numerous gastrointestinal hormones (2-4), stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion (1,5), regulation of central nervous system functions such as maintenance of circadian rhythm and thermoregulation (2,6,7), stimulation of macrophages and phagocytes (8,9), regulation of TSH release (11), and functioning as a growth factor (11,12). Bombesin-related peptides stimulate growth of both normal tissues (11,13,14), neoplastic tissues such as prostatic, breast, hepatocellular carcinomas or small cell lung cancer cells, and have been proposed to have an autocrine growth function (11,15-18).
A Comparison of 100 kW SiC DC-DC Converters for Electric Vehicles

This paper compares three different dc-dc topologies, i.e. boost converter, three-level flying capacitor multilevel converter (FCMC)and one-cell switching tank converter (STC)for a 100 kW electric vehicle power electronic system. This bidirectional dc-dc converter targets 300 V-600 V voltage conversion. Total semiconductor loss index (TSLI)has been proposed to evaluate topologies and device technologies. The boost converter and one-cell STC have been fairly compared by utilizing this index. The simulation results of a 100 kW one-cell STC working at zero current switching (ZCS)mode have been provided. A 100 kW hardware prototype using 1200 V 600 A SiC power module has been built. The estimated efficiency is about 99.2% at 30 kW, 99.13% at half load, and 98.64% at full load. The power density of the main circuits is about 42 kW/L.
Subgroups Defined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Differ in Functional Gain During Acute Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation.

Abstract Objective To validate subgroups of cognitive impairment on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)—defined as normal (score of 25-30), mildly impaired (score of 20-24), and moderately impaired (score less than 19)—by determining whether they differ in rehabilitation gain during inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Design Observational study. Linear regression models were conducted and predictors included MoCA subgroups and relevant baseline demographic and clinical covariates. Separate models included the cognitive subscale of the FIM instrument as a predictor. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation facility of an urban, academic medical center. Participants Inpatients (N=334) with mild-moderate strokes who were administered the MoCA on admission. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The mean relative functional gain (mRFG) and mean relative functional efficiency (mRFE, which adjusts for length of stay) on the FIM total. Results MoCA subgroups significantly predicted mRFG and mRFE after accounting for age, sex, education, stroke severity, and recurrent vs first stroke. The normal group exhibited greater mRFG and mRFE than the mildly impaired group, while the moderately impaired group had significantly worse mRFG and mRFE than the mildly impaired group. The moderately impaired group had a significantly smaller proportion of individuals who made a clinically meaningful change on the total-FIM than the mildly impaired and normal groups. MoCA subgroups better accounted for mRFG and mRFE than a standard-of-care cognitive assessment (cognitive-FIM). Conclusions Use of MoCA-defined subgroups can assist providers in predicting functional gain in survivors of stroke being treated in inpatient rehabilitation.
Targeted morphology of copper oxide based electrospun nanofibers

Abstract In this work, CuO-based nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning. Smooth, defect-free fibers with a diameter of 261 ± 63 nm were fabricated and characterized. Thermal treatment under air at 823 K transformed the smooth nanofibers to a network of segmented, macroporous CuO nanoparticles with an average fiber diameter of 160 ± 41 nm and a crystallite size of 55.4 nm. The effects of solution properties (polymer molecular weight, polymer/metal concentration, and solvent identity) and processing conditions (voltage, tip-to-collector distance, extrusion rate, and humidity) were also investigated. Solution properties were found to strongly influence viscosity, conductivity, dielectric constant, density, and surface tension, which invariably affected fiber dimension, morphology and surface structure. Fibers as thick as 536 nm and as thin as 70 nm with cylindrical and fused structures were produced by manipulating the solution properties. Processing conditions were found to moderately affect fiber uniformity and fiber diameter.
Replication analysis of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale

As fear and anxiety rates increase during the COVID-19 crisis, the need to study and screen and treat vulnerable populations is vitally important Accordingly, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, a mental health screener of coronaphobia, has been created to aid this effort The results of a replication analysis reported here support the diagnostic and psychometric properties of this pandemic-related mental health screener Considerations of this scale's use are also discussed
Phylogenetic Divergence and Ecophysiological Variation in the Disjunct Kalmia buxifolia (Sand-Myrtle, Ericaceae)

Kalmia buxifolia (sand-myrtle, Ericaceae) is disjunctly distributed across the high-elevation rock outcrops of the southern Appalachians, upper monadnocks and pine savannas of the Carolina Piedmont and Coastal Plain, and the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Here, we sampled plants from each region and reconstructed the phylogeographic history of K. buxifolia to test a rock-outcrop Pleistocene refugium hypothesis, estimate the potential direction(s) and timing of migration, and date divergence from its alpine sister species, K. procumbens. We also assess whether isolation in these different environments has led to variation in intrinsic water-use efficiency. Dating analysis challenges the current hypothesis that rock-outcrop species are relics of Pleistocene refugia (< 18,000 ybp), placing the divergence of K. buxifolia and K. procumbens much earlier, in the late-Miocene (9.40 Ma). Chloroplast haplotype analysis indicates four potential refugial sites, with the most ancient on Mount LeConte in the Great Smoky Mountains, and point to an Appalachian corridor as the likely Pine Barrens colonization route. The sister species divergence time and population level divergences within K. buxifolia generally coincide with major climatic shifts from the late-Miocene to mid-Pleistocene. Results from carbon isotope discrimination indicate that plant water-use varies geographically within K. buxifolia, as does leaf morphology, although it is unclear whether this variation is due to genetic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. These patterns of phylogenetic divergence and resulting ecophysiological diversity within K. buxifolia are significant for clarifying long-held questions about the biogeographic history and trait differentiation within this species. Further, our results suggest that high-elevation rock outcrop communities may have been inhabitated by northern-affinity species for much longer than previously assumed, and that subsequent population disjunction and isolation may have resulted in ecophysiological differentiation in these communities.
Paraganglioma-Related Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Resolves with Tumor Resection

Case Presentation: An 11-year-old female presented to the pediatric emergency department with vomiting and an acute exacerbation of a chronic headache. She had been well until three months prior to presentation when a visit with her pediatrician for evaluation of a headache and unintentional 10 lb weight loss revealed her to be hypertensive. Ten days prior to presentation, she suffered a self-limited generalized tonic-clonic seizure at home that was evaluated by EMS but not in the emergency department. When she presented to the emergency department four days later with complaints of headache and vomiting, she was hypertensive with a blood …
Combined Utility of Aortic Pulsatility Index and Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index for Risk Stratification in Advanced Heart Failure Patients

Purpose To assess the prognostic role of simultaneous biventricular function using hemodynamic parameters in advanced heart failure patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 184 patients undergoing a milrinone drug study at time of right heart catheterization (RHC) at our institution from January 2013 to January 2019. Aortic pulsatility index (API) was calculated as (systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure)/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPI) was calculated as (systolic pulmonary artery pressure - diastolic pulmonary artery pressure)/central venous pressure. Using our team's previous identification of cutpoint values for API and PAPI, 1.45 and 2.3, respectively, we stratified patients into the following groups: (1) High API, High PAPI; (2) High API, Low PAPI; (3) Low API, High PAPI; and (4) Low API, Low PAPI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine association with escalation of therapy, defined as left ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation, or death. Results Low API, Low PAPI was associated with escalation of therapy or death at 30-days (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.23 - 9.49, p = 0.024). Low API, Low PAPI and Low API, High PAPI were also associated with the one-year endpoint of freedom from escalation of therapy or death (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.55 - 8.75, p = 0.003; OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.5 - 12.45, p = 0.008; respectively). In multivariate analysis, both of these risk statuses remained significant predictors of the one-year endpoint when adjusting for Fick cardiac index (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.5 - 9.48, p = 0.005; OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.49 - 12.82, p = 0.009; respectively). Conclusion The combined use of API and PAPI possesses utility for risk stratification regarding both short- and long-term freedom from escalation of therapy or death.
Underrepresented patient views and perceptions of personalized medication treatment through pharmacogenomics.

Within an institutional pharmacogenomics implementation program, we surveyed 463 outpatients completing preemptive pharmacogenomic testing whose genetic results were available to providers for guiding medication treatment. We compared views and experiences from self-reported White and Black patients, including education level as a covariate across analyses. Black patients were less confident about whether their providers made personalized treatment decisions, and overwhelmingly wanted a greater role for their genetic information in clinical care. Both groups similarly reported that providers asked their opinions regarding medication changes, but White patients were more likely (59% vs. 49%, P = 0.005) to discuss the impact of personal/genetic makeup on medication response with providers, and Black patients reported initiating such discussions much less frequently (4% vs. 15%, P = 0.037). Opportunities exist for enhanced communication with underrepresented patients around personalized care. Tailored communication strategies and development of support tools employed in diverse healthcare settings may facilitate pharmacogenomically guided medication treatment that equitably benefits minority patient populations.
Tuning in Rorschach Maps

Many contemporary artists are working with strategies to remap public, informational and social space. Their processes often involve setting up a prescriptive, algorithmic and participatory work that yields an unknown product. What can we observe about the results? What is audience reception of these works? In addition to visiting historical precedents in performance and music, this paper will explore how real-time Internet statistical, geographic and textual mapping has become available for both practical and recreational purposes and how new media artists are engaging these methods to test the possibilities of situational mapping. Two models of analogy will be explored, the Rorschach test and the musical mode of tuning.
Chapter 7 - Approximation Properties

This chapter discusses the approximation property that already appeared in Banach's book plays a fundamental role in the structure theory of Banach spaces. The first systematic study of the variants of the approximation property was initiated by Grothendieck in 1955. There is a chain of approximation properties in between the standard ones. The various counter-examples are described, and it is also seen how they fit into the theory without giving the details of their constructions. There is a rich theory, surrounding the approximation property for Banach spaces, and the counter-examples merely explain the delicate nature of the relationships between the various properties. It is shown that a Banach space has the bounded approximation property if it is a complemented subspace of a Banach space with a basis.
Analysis of result variability from high-density oligonucleotide arrays comparing same-species and cross-species hybridizations.

There exists a significant limitation in the variety of organisms for which microarrays have been developed because of a lack of genomic sequence data. A near-term solution to this limitation is to...
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/D) is an inherited ­cardiomyopathy characterized clinically by ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death, and structural abnormalities of the right ventricle. Although structural involvement of the right ventricle predominates, a left dominant form (LDAC) has been described. Structural involvement of both ventricles is common in advanced disease. Due to significant heterogeneity in its manifestation, the diagnosis of ARVC/D is challenging and requires a multifaceted approach to patient evaluation. The recently published Revised Task Force Criteria provide clinicians with a validated model to improve the diagnosis of ARVC/D. The management of ARVC/D is primarily aimed at reducing the burden of symptomatic arrhythmias and decreasing the incidence of sudden ­cardiac death. Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (AICDs) significantly reduce mortality in patients with ARVC/D. However, accurate risk assessment is needed to avoid exposing low-risk patients to the long-term complications of AICDs. Strenuous exertion increases the rate of disease progression and increases the risk of sudden death.
Negative Duties, the WTO and the Harm Argument

Citizens in rich countries should shoulder the burden of alleviating global poverty because they are harming the poor, or so many argue. But the baseline for assessing harm is often unclear. This paper recommends a baseline for harm as rights violations. This baseline makes it clear that many of the attributions of harm made by proponents of the harm argument, instead of representing cases of harms caused, are rather instances of benefits withheld from the poor. A moral case can be made that benefits should be extended by the rich countries toward poor ones, but this case will look very different from a case for responsibility for harm.
The role for adjuvant radiotherapy in the treatment of hemangiopericytoma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis.

Object Central nervous system (CNS) hemangiopericytomas are relatively uncommon and unique among CNS tumors as they can originate from or develop metastases outside of the CNS. Significant difference of opinion exists in the management of these lesions, as current treatment paradigms are based on limited clinical experience and single-institution series. Given these limitations and the absence of prospective clinical trials within the literature, nationwide registries have the potential to provide unique insight into the efficacy of various therapies. Methods The authors queried the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to investigate the clinical behavior and prognostic factors for hemangiopericytomas originating within the CNS during the years 2000–2009. The SEER survival data were adjusted for demographic factors including age, sex, and race. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify characteristics associated with overall survival. Results The authors identifi...