cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with receipt of behavioral health services among persons with substance dependence.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify demographic and clinical variables that predict use of behavioral health services among persons with substance dependence. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 1,893 adults who endorsed items on the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse in 1995 and 1996 that were consistent with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of dependence on at least one substance, excluding cigarettes. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictor variables. RESULTS: Among persons with substance dependence, only 18.3 percent had sought substance abuse or mental health treatment, or both, in the previous year. Female sex, high family income, a history of being arrested or booked, concurrent psychiatric comorbidity, self-perception of having a drug or alcohol problem, and the number of substances involved all predicted treatment use. One-third of substance-dependent individuals who used services reported receiving mental health care that did not include any substance use...
The Normal and Abnormal Equine Neonatal Musculoskeletal System

The first weeks of life are critical in many aspects, and the musculoskeletal system is no exception. Being able to stand and nurse within hours of life is necessary for survival. Laxity, flexural deformities, and skeletal immaturity can all make it difficult for neonates to ambulate. The increased vascularity to bones and cartilage mixed with the newly forming immune system also make neonates susceptible to infections that we rarely see in adult animals. This article concentrates on orthopedic conditions seen in the first 2 weeks of life.
Plasma cell-free mitochondrial DNA declines in response to prolonged moderate aerobic exercise.

Increased plasma cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mDNA), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) produced by cellular injury, contributes to neutrophil activation/inflammation in trauma patients and arises in cancer and autoimmunity. To further understand relationships between cf-mDNA released by tissue injury, inflammation, and health benefits of exercise, we examined cf-mDNA response to prolonged moderate aerobic exercise. Seven healthy moderately trained young men (age = 22.4 ± 1.2) completed a treadmill exercise trial for 90 min at 60% VO2 max and a resting control trial. Blood was sampled immediately prior to exercise (0 min = baseline), during (+18, +54 min), immediately after (+90 min), and after recovery (R40). Plasma was analyzed for cf-mDNA, IL-6, and lactate. A significant difference in cf-mDNA response was observed between exercise and control trials, with cf-mDNA levels reduced during exercise at +54 and +90 (with or without plasma volume shift correction). Declines in cf-mDNA were accompanied by increased lactate and followed by an increase in IL-6, suggesting a temporal association with muscle stress and inflammatory processes. Our novel finding of cf-mDNA decline with prolonged moderate treadmill exercise provides evidence for increased clearance from or reduced release of cf-mDNA into the blood with prolonged exercise. These studies contrast with previous investigations involving exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise, in which no change in cf-mDNA levels were reported, and contribute to our understanding of differences between exercise- and trauma-induced inflammation. We propose that transient declines in cf-mDNA may induce health benefits, by reducing systemic inflammation.
Single-cell Transcriptome Study as Big Data

The rapid growth of single-cell RNA-seq studies (scRNA-seq) demands efficient data storage, processing, and analysis. Big-data technology provides a framework that facilitates the comprehensive discovery of biological signals from inter-institutional scRNA-seq datasets. The strategies to solve the stochastic and heterogeneous single-cell transcriptome signal are discussed in this article. After extensively reviewing the available big-data applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based studies, we propose a workflow that accounts for the unique characteristics of scRNA-seq data and primary objectives of single-cell studies.
Russia’s Foreign Trade in July 2013

The data obtained by Gaidar Institute’s business surveys show that anticipations concerning consumer growth in May, which encouraged enterprises to increase their output, were not borne out, and the June growth in output against weakening demand became a problem for the Russian industrial sector, having triggered drastic growth in the level of dissatisfaction with sales and excess stocks of finished goods and made enterprises to revise demand forecasts, output and employment plans in favor of a negative scenario in June-August. Actual reduction in factory gate prices and intention to cut off investments give a finishing touch to the unpleasant picture of the situation in the industrial sector.
Estimating the eruptive volume of a large pyroclastic body: the Otowi Member of the Bandelier Tuff, Valles caldera, New Mexico

The 1.60 Ma caldera-forming eruption of the Otowi Member of the Bandelier Tuff produced Plinian and coignimbrite fall deposits, outflow and intracaldera ignimbrite, all of it deposited on land. We present a detailed approach to estimating and reconstructing the original volume of the eroded, partly buried large ignimbrite and distal ash-fall deposits. Dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume estimates for the eruption are 89 + 33/−10 km3 of outflow ignimbrite and 144 ± 72 km3 of intracaldera ignimbrite. Also, there was at least 65 km3 (DRE) of Plinian fall when extrapolated distally, and 107 + 40/−12 km3 of coignimbrite ash was “lost” from the outflow sheet to form an unknown proportion of the distal ash fall. The minimum total volume is 216 km3 and the maximum is 550 km3; hence, the eruption overlaps the low end of the super-eruption spectrum (VEI ∼8.0). Despite an abundance of geological data for the Otowi Member, the errors attached to these estimates do not allow us to constrain the proportions of intracaldera (IC), outflow (O), and distal ash (A) to better than a factor of three. We advocate caution in applying the IC/O/A = 1:1:1 relation of Mason et al. (2004) to scaling up mapped volumes of imperfectly preserved caldera-forming ignimbrites.
Evidence on Student-Managed Funds: A Survey of U.S. Universities

An analysis of student-managed funds’ operations in 35 universities in the U.S. was conducted with the data collected through an Internet-based survey. The results indicate that CAPM is used in most SMFs as the means to estimate the required rate of return. Value Line and Wall Street Journal are the two most widely used information sources by SMFs. It is not common for a SMF to be equipped with its own trading room. The median value of the SMFs is $460,000, but the sampling distribution of the SMFs’ market capitalizations is highly right-skewed. Most of the SMFs have the same asset allocation decision. In total, about 69% of the SMFs in our sample invest at least 90% of the capital in Equity.
Strategies to grow an experiential learning program—The role of administrators

With the newly released ACPE standards, challenges exist in growing experiential learning programs at many schools. The role of administrators in the experiential learning office, practice department, and the dean׳s office is critical for success. This article provides practical tips and strategies to help grow an experiential learning program by emphasizing the role of administrators. In 2012, the administrators of the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy brainstormed and came up with a list of challenges faced by its experiential learning program, provided suggested solutions to each challenge, and began a process of implementing solutions to help grow the program. As of fall 2014, we were able to document increases in the numbers of preceptors and different rotation types, growth in the clinical track program, changes in our learning management system to better accommodate our needs, and increases in satisfaction rates among our preceptors, sites, and students. This article summarizes the challenges faced by University of Maryland Experiential Learning Program, the practical solutions implemented, and the role of leadership in growing the program. Many of the suggestions and lessons learned here can benefit many programs with similar challenges.
All-Optical Amplitude and Wavelength Modulation of a Standard Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser

All-optical modulation of the emission power and wavelength are demonstrated up to 10.35 GHz and 1.6 GHz respectively in a standard mid-infrared quantum cascade laser by illuminating its front facet with femtosecond near-infrared pulse train.
OP0097 Autoantibodies Precede Interferon Elevation in Pre-Clinical Lupus

Background Determining processes that lead to clinical illness in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) years before diagnosis would provide insight into the fundamental origins of SLE pathogenesis. Objectives This study evaluates the temporal relationship between autoantibody production, interferon (IFN) levels and the onset of SLE. Methods Serial sera from 56 pre-clinical SLE cases leading up to SLE classification (average timespan=4.3 years) and matched healthy controls were obtained from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Sera samples were tested for autoantibodies (BioPlex2200), IFN-α activity, and soluble inflammatory mediators, including IFN associated chemokines and BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator). Temporal relationships between IFN activity and autoantibody positivity were determined and confirmed using Path analysis. Results Serum IFN-α activity scores, as well as IFN-correlated ( p ) soluble mediators IFN-γ, IP-10, and BLyS levels increase in patients leading up to SLE disease classification ( p≤0.01 ). IFN activity positive individuals have an increased number of autoantibodies compared to IFN activity negative individuals ( p ). Autoantibodies accumulate prior to or concurrent with increases in IFN activity in 84% of IFN positive cases. Of the 3 models of IFN vs. autoantibody positivity determined via Path analysis (autoantibody 1st, IFN activity 1st, or concurrent), autoantibody positivity prior to IFN activity ranked first, irrespective of whether DNA- or RNA-binding autoantibodies were present, as assessed by both Akaike9s information criterion (AIC) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Conclusions That autoantibodies accumulate prior to the increases in IFN activity levels suggests that the elevated IFN activity observed in SLE patients is a consequence of pre-clinical immune system perturbations. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3402
The Reach and Impact of Direct Marketing via Brand Websites of Moist Snuff.

OBJECTIVE Restricting tobacco marketing is a key element in the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) public health framework for regulating tobacco. Given the dearth of empirical data on direct marketing, the objective of this study was to assess the reach and impact of promotions on sales through snuff websites. METHODS Nine brands of snuff, representing more than 90% of market share, were monitored for content of coupons, sweepstakes, contests, and other promotions on their respective websites. Monthly sales data and website traffic for the 9 brands, corresponding to the 48-month period of January 2011 through December 2014, were obtained from proprietary sources. A time-series analysis, based on the autoregressive, integrated, moving average (ARIMA) method, was employed for testing the relationships among sales, website visits, and promotions. RESULTS Website traffic increased substantially during the promotion periods for most brands. Time-series analyses, however, revealed that promotion periods for 5 of 7 brands did not significantly correlate with monthly snuff sales. CONCLUSIONS The success in attracting tobacco consumers to website promotions demonstrates the marketing reach of snuff manufacturers. This form of direct marketing should be monitored by the FDA given evidence of adolescents' exposure to cigarette brand websites.
Improved Generalized Born Solvent Model Parameters for Protein Simulations

The generalized Born (GB) model is one of the fastest implicit solvent models, and it has become widely adopted for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. This speed comes with trade-offs, and many reports in the literature have pointed out weaknesses with GB models. Because the quality of a GB model is heavily affected by empirical parameters used in calculating solvation energy, in this work we have refit these parameters for GB-Neck, a recently developed GB model, in order to improve the accuracy of both the solvation energy and effective radii calculations. The data sets used for fitting are significantly larger than those used in the past. Comparing to other pairwise GB models like GB-OBC and the original GB-Neck, the new GB model (GB-Neck2) has better agreement with Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) in terms of reproducing solvation energies for a variety of systems ranging from peptides to proteins. Secondary structure preferences are also in much better agreement with those obtained from explicit solvent MD si...
Analysis of lead,hydrargyrum and cadmium pollution in market agarics in Daxing district from 2010 to 2011

Objective:To understand the pollution status of lead,hydrargyrum and cadmium in agarics on markets of Daxing district and to provide the scientific basis for readucing pollution in agarics.Methods: The analytical method based on the national standard method GB/T5009-2003.Results: 85 samples in total were detected from 2010 to 2011,the qualified rate for lead,cadmium and hydrargyrum were 97.6%,87.1% and 95.4% respectively.Conclusion: Pollution of lead,cadmium and hydrargyrum in agarics showed different levels,need to strengthen surveillance.
Facilitating Role of Underground Banks: Implications of the Research

This study is the first to investigate the use of underground banking systems among members of a specific ethnic group by tapping the clients’ perspectives. None of the previous research on illegal immigration and human smuggling has addressed the financial component of the process, or the operation of underground banking systems. Specifically, no prior research has elicited firsthand information from the operators or users of underground banks due to the highly secretive nature of their illegal activity. Limitations of data notwithstanding, the narratives of the respondents have provided valuable information regarding the role of these informal fund transfer systems in the lives of their clients, information which implies possible connections to illegal migration through human smuggling. Most of what has been reported herein is unique information never before reported. The following is a brief summary of the key findings of this research.
Effects of Behavioral Skills Training on Teachers Conducting the Recess-to-Classroom Transition

Elementary school teachers transition their students from recess to the classroom multiple times a day. When students do not line up quickly or are disruptive in line, teachers can spend valuable instructional time trying to manage students’ inappropriate behaviors. The result is a loss of instructional time that could lead to a decrease in student performance. This study examined how teachers could use behavioral skills training with their students as a way to reduce the length of the recess-to-classroom transition with second–fourth graders. After teachers were trained, they provided their students with training, which included instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. The result in each teacher’s classroom was that students began to line up more quickly and use their hands and feet appropriately for the duration of the transition. Appropriate behavior and reduced transition times maintained at a 2-week follow-up.
Real-time Functional Analysis of Inertial Microfluidic Devices via Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

We report the application of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technology that enables real-time functional analysis of sorting microparticles and cells in an inertial microfluidic device. We demonstrated high-speed, high-resolution acquisition of cross-sectional images at a frame rate of 350 Hz, with a lateral resolution of 3 μm and an axial resolution of 1 μm within the microfluidic channel filled with water. We analyzed the temporal sequence of cross-sectional SD-OCT images to determine the position and diameter of microspheres in a spiral microfluidic channel under various flow rates. We used microspheres with known diameters to validate the sub-micrometer precision of the particle size analysis based on a scattering model of spherical microparticles. An additional investigation of sorting live HT-29 cells in the spiral microfluidic channel indicated that the distribution of cells within in the microchannel has a close correspondence with the cells’ size distribution. The label-free real-time imaging and analysis of microscale particles in flow offers robustness for practical applications with live cells and allows us to better understand the mechanisms of particle separations in microfluidic sorting systems.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can result from both idiosyncratic and intrinsic mechanisms. This article discusses the clinical impact of DILI from a broad range of medications as well as herbal and dietary supplements. Risk factors for idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI) are the result of multiple host, environmental, and compound factors. Some triggers of IDILI often seen in critical care include antibiotics, antiepileptic medications, statins, novel anticoagulants, proton pump inhibitors, inhaled anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and azathioprine. The mechanism of IDILI due to these medications varies, and the resulting damage can be cholestatic, hepatocellular, or mixed. The primary treatment of IDILI is to discontinue the causative agent. DILI due to acetaminophen is intrinsic because the liver damage is predictably aligned with the dose ingested. Acute acetaminophen ingestion can be treated with activated charcoal or N-acetylcysteine. Future areas of research include identification of mitochondrial stress biomarkers and of the patients at highest risk for DILI.
Effects of Functional Groups in Redox-Active Organic Molecules: A High-Throughput Screening Approach

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries have attracted recent attention with their potential for high electrochemical storage capacity, with organic electrolytes serving as solvents with a wide electrochemical stability window. Organic molecules can also serve as electroactive species, where molecules with low reduction potentials or high oxidation potentials can provide substantial chemical energy. To identify promising electrolytes in a vast chemical space, high-throughput screening (HTS) of candidate molecules plays an important role, where HTS is used to calculate properties of thousands of molecules and identify a few organic molecules worthy of further attention in battery research. Here, we present reduction and oxidation potentials obtained from HTS of 4178 molecules. The molecules are composed of base groups of five- or six-membered rings with one or two functional groups attached, with the set of possible functional groups including both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups. In addition to ...
Optimization of Pilot Scale Mechanical Disk Refining for Improvements in Enzymatic Digestibility of Pretreated Hardwood Lignocellulosics

Mechanical refining has potential application for overcoming lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis and improving biomass digestibility. This study highlighted the ability for a pilot scale disc refiner to improve the total carbohydrate conversion to sugars from 39% (unrefined hardwood sodium carbonate biomass) to 90% (0.13 mm gap, 20% consistency, ambient temperature) by optimizing the refining variables. The different biomass properties that changed with refining indicated the expected increase in sugar conversion. Controlling the refining parameters to narrower gaps and higher consistencies increased the resulting refined biomass hydrolysis. Positive correlations that increases in net specific energy (NSE) input and refining intensity (SEL) improved the enzymatic hydrolysis. In some severe cases, over-refining occurred when smaller gaps, higher consistencies, and more energy input reached a point of diminished return. The energy input in these scenarios, however, was much greater than realistically feasible for industrial application. Although well-established in the pulp and paper industry, gaps in understanding the fundamentals of refining remain. The observations and results herein provide the justification and opportunity for further mechanical refining optimization to maximize and adapt the mechanical refining technology for maximum efficiency within the process of biochemical conversion to sugar.
2 nd -Order VCO-based CT ΔΣ ADC architecture

This paper proposes a novel architecture for purely voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based continuous-time (CT) second-order ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without using bulky, passive components. The proposed technique does not require any VCO nonlinearity calibration and is robust against excess loop delay and static and dynamic errors in the multi-element digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Behavioral simulations have been performed to validate the proposed architecture.
Management of Endometrial Cancer Precursors in Obese Women

Endometrial cancer can generally be divided into two clinical subtypes, designated as type I and type II disease, each with different risk factors, histology, genetics, treatment and prognosis. Type I endometrial cancer, or low grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma, accounts for 80–90% of new cases of endometrial cancer. Endometrioid endometrial cancer is strongly associated with unopposed estrogen exposure (such as hormone replacement therapy) and obesity. Type II endometrial cancers, including clear cell carcinoma and uterine papillary serous carcinoma, are relatively rare. While the etiology of these rare tumors is not well understood, type II endometrial cancers are not associated with obesity. As such, this chapter will focus on low grade endometrioid (type I) endometrial cancer and its precursor lesions. Due to the close connection between obesity and endometrioid endometrial cancer, obese women are at increased risk for precancerous lesions and low grade endometrial cancers, and consideration is warranted for management of these conditions in the obese population.
A novel current control strategy for a back-to-back HVDC applications under unbalanced operation conditions

Voltage unbalance in a three-phase system introduces oscillations to the DC Link voltage and power. Moreover, it causes performance deterioration of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of the back-to back voltage source converter systems (BTB-VSC) by producing the double-line-frequency ripples in the dc link voltage and power. This paper proposes a new control strategy by developing the conventional vector current controller relying on the DC and AC components of voltages and currents. The proposed controller utilized for the three-level voltage-source converters as a building block of the Convertible Static Transmission controller (CSTC) system in shunt-shunt mode. The proposed control strategy aims to suppress the oscillations in DC Link voltage and converters power under system disturbances and faults. The simulation tests is realized by PSCAD-EMTDC environment software. The simulation result shows the feasibility of the proposed controller under normal and unbalanced AC conditions with the CSTC application system.
Design for Additive Manufacturing: Optimization of Piping Network in Compact System With Enhanced Path-Finding Approach

This research aims at unleashing the potential of additive manufacturing technology in industrial design that can produce structures/devices with irregular component geometries to reduce sizes/weights. We explore, by means of path-finding, the length minimization of freeform hydraulic piping network in compact space under given constraints. Previous studies on path-finding have mainly focused on enhancing computational efficiency due to the need to produce rapid results in such as navigation and video-game applications. In this research, we develop a new Focal Any-Angle A* approach that combines the merits of grid-based method and visibility graph-based method. Specifically, we formulate pruned visibility graphs preserving only the useful portion of the vertices, and then find the optimal path based on the candidate vertices using A*. The reduced visibility graphs enable us to outperform approximations and maintain the optimality of exact algorithms in a more efficient manner. The algorithm proposed is compared to the traditional A* on Grids, Theta* and A* on Visibility Graphs in terms of path length, number of nodes evaluated, as well as computational time. As demonstrated and validated through case studies, the proposed method is capable of finding the shortest path with tractable computational cost, which provides a viable design tool for the additive manufacturing of piping network systems.
Data mining tasks and methods: Equation fitting: equation finders

Equation finders discover equations that fit numerical data. We present them in a common framework that captures commonalities of many systems: model forming, fitting and testing, term generation, term coupling, and search control. We then describe testing of equation finders.
Teasing, Appearance-Related

Appearance-related teasing is a form of appearance-related feedback that conveys a negative and often disparaging message about one’s looks. Appearance-related teasing is measured using self-report questionnaires. It is a common phenomenon and frequently targets both genders and individuals from a variety of cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The perpetrators of teasing are most commonly peers, but family teasing has a significant impact on the psychosocial functioning of individuals. Appearance-related teasing has been associated with body image disturbance, disordered eating behaviors, and depression. While its role in the development of these problems may be small, the results from experimental studies suggest that teasing may have a more significant impact on those individuals already at risk for severe body image disturbance and disordered eating behaviors. A summary of research findings is presented and discussed.
Conditions for Retrogression Forming Aluminum AA7075-T6 Sheet

Combining the retrogression heat treatment with simultaneous warm forming provides an opportunity to significantly increase the formability of high-strength aluminum alloys while subsequently regaining peak-aged strength through a single reaging heat treatment. This new technological approach is termed retrogression forming. Forming conditions suitable to the retrogression forming of an AA7075-T6 sheet material are examined through elevated-temperature tensile tests. Temperatures from 180 to 220 °C are investigated. Strain rate sensitivity and reduction in area increase with increasing temperature. Elongation to rupture increases with decreasing strain rate. An elongation to rupture of 35% was measured at 200 °C for a true strain rate of 3.2 × 10−3 s−1. While higher temperatures and slower forming rates encourage the behaviors associated with good formability, these must be balanced with the ability to reage to high strength after forming. Recommendations for designing and implementing retrogression forming of AA7075-T6 sheet are presented.
Applications of stem cells and bioprinting for potential treatment of diabetes

Currently, there does not exist a strategy that can reduce diabetes and scientists are working towards a cure and innovative approaches by employing stem cell-based therapies. On the other hand, bioprinting technology is a novel therapeutic approach that aims to replace the diseased or lost β-cells, insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas, which can potentially regenerate damaged organs such as the pancreas. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell lines including insulin-producing cells. However, there are still barriers that hamper the successful differentiation of stem cells into β-cells. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of stem cell research and bioprinting that may be targeted towards replacing the β-cells in the pancreas and may offer approaches towards treatment of diabetes. This review emphasizes on the applicability of employing both stem cells and other cells in 3D bioprinting to generate substitutes for diseased β-cells and recover lost pancreatic functions. The article then proceeds to discuss the overall research done in the field of stem cell-based bioprinting and provides future directions for improving the same for potential applications in diabetic research.
Perieccrine and pericapillary calcification in calciphylaxis.

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is characterized by ischemic tissue necrosis secondary to an obliterative vasculopathy. On histological examination, small and medium-sized arteries demonstrate medial calcification, intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. However, vascular pathology may not be evident when small skin biopsies are examined. Subtle stippled perieccrine calcification revealed by calcium staining (von Kossa) is highly specific for calciphylaxis and can aid in the histological diagnosis of calciphylaxis when vascular calcification is not evident on small skin biopsies.
Ageing of bio-oil and its fractions in presence of surfactants

Abstract This study reports the ageing characteristics of bio-oil and its fractions in presence of three surfactants including Span 80, IGEPAL CO890 and soap that have hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of 4, 17 and 18, respectively. The results show that Span 80 with a low HLB value has not led to phase separation of the bio-oil nor has noticeable effect on ageing characteristics of the bio-oil. IGEPAL CO890 and soap with high HLB values have led to phase separation of the bio-oil into dark and clear fractions. After accelerated ageing, both the bio-oil and the separated bio-oil fractions (dark or clear) have increased viscosities, average molecular weights, water contents and total acid numbers (TANs), e.g. with increases of ∼34.7%, 16.1%, 1.7% and 6.2% respectively for the bio-oil. Such increases are more in viscosity and average molecular weight (∼21.3% and 18.5% vs a maximum of ∼18.4% and 17.1%) but less in TAN (a maximum of ∼15.4% vs a maximum of ∼25.6%) for the dark fractions than the clear fractions. Soap has a more significant effect on bio-oil ageing compared to IGEPAL CO890, due to its basic nature, presence of alkali metals and the separation of fatty acids in bio-oil.
DRY NEEDLING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS MEETING CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SUBACROMIAL PAIN SYNDROME: A CASE SERIES.

Background Physical therapy interventions of exercise and manual therapy provide benefit in treatment of subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Dry needling is an emerging technique for treating musculoskeletal conditions; however, conflicting investigative evidence exists regarding the use of dry needling for SAPS. Purpose The purpose of this case series was to describe the use of dry needling, in conjunction with exercise, as a management strategy for patients meeting clinical diagnostic criteria of SAPS and to observe the short- and intermediate-term effects of dry needling with therapeutic exercise in this population. A secondary purpose was to describe a framework of clinical reasoning to guide the pragmatic application of dry needling and exercise in clinical practice. Study design Case series. Methods Twenty-five patients met criteria for SAPS and provided informed consent. Patients received examination-based dry needling for the first two visits with exercises added beginning at the third treatment session to help distinguish treatment effects. The primary outcome measure used in this study was the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Q-DASH) survey assessed at their third clinical visit, at four-weeks after starting intervention and again at a three-month follow up visit. Results On the Q-DASH survey 21 of 24 patients reported improvement at the third visit (range 4.5 to 38.6 points) and 19 of 22 reported improvement at the 3-month follow-up (range 0.1-54.5 points) relative to baseline. Sixteen of 24 patients at the third visit and 19 of 22 patients at the 3-month follow-up reported Global Rating of Changes scores of +3 or greater. Conclusion This case series provides insight to the observed short- and intermediate-term effects of dry needling combined with exercise for SAPS. Additionally, it discusses the framework of clinical reasoning when applying this intervention. The results are encouraging for dry needling as an adjunct to exercise for treating patients with SAPS. Level of evidence Therapy, level 4.
Shared ground: Between environmental history and the history of science:

Recent years have witnessed a significant expansion in the number of studies positioned at the intersection of the history of science and environmental history. Although these studies continue to navigate lingering methodological tensions, collectively they underscore the promise of a disciplinary cross-fertilization that proved largely latent for the first quarter century or more following environmental history's emergence as a discrete discipline. This article situates this recent scholarship in the historiographical landscape from which it has emerged. To that end, it (a) summarizes the fields' early intersections; (b) examines the ways in which disciplinary tensions made the intersection fraught; (c) traces shifts in both fields that made that intersection more conducive to cross-disciplinary work; and (d) sketches the trajectories of some of the prominent threads of the recent scholarship deliberately situated at the nexus of the disciplines.
Phytoremediation potential of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), two United States native varieties, to remove bisphenol-A (BPA) from aqueous media

Plastic wastes burdening Earth’s water and accumulating on land, releasing toxic leachates, are one of the greatest global threats of our time. Bisphenol-A (BPA), a potent endocrine disrupting compound, is a synthetic ingredient of the polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in food containers, cans, and water bottles. Bisphenol-A’s rising concentrations in the environment require a sustainable alternative to current removal practices, which are expensive and/or ecologically unsafe. Switchgrass offers a safe alternative. To investigate its potential for BPA removal, two United States native switchgrass varieties where tested in hydroponic media. Results show minimal hydrolysis and photolysis of BPA over 55 days, confirming its persistence. Both generic and heavy metal switchgrass exhibited statistically significant (p 0.19), and peroxidase between BPA-treated and untreated plants indicates substantial BPA tolerance in both varieties. Kinetic parameters of BPA removal and translocation factors were also determined, which will inform the design of BPA removal phytotechnologies for a variety of soil conditions, including landfills where BPA accumulation is greatest.
Probing the Local Bonding at the Pt/γ-Al2O3 Interface

Metal–support interactions significantly affect the performance of heterogeneous catalysts, of which Pt supported on γ-Al2O3 is one of the most widely used. Characterizing the bonding of Pt on the ...
Sexual Aggression Analogues Used in Alcohol Administration Research: Critical Review of Their Correspondence to Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assaults.

Background Alcohol administration studies are crucial because causal questions about alcohol's role in human behavior can only be answered through experimental research that randomly assigns participants to drink conditions. The primary goal of this review was to catalogue the characteristics of experimental analogues used in alcohol administration research to assess men's sexual aggression proclivity and evaluate the extent to which they represent the scope of alcohol-involved sexual aggression. Although this review focuses on sexual aggression analogues, the identified methodological issues are relevant to a wide range of alcohol administration studies. Methods Online databases were searched for published studies that randomly assigned participants to drink conditions and assessed participants' sexual aggression proclivity with an experimental analogue. Characteristics of the analogues were coded by both authors. Results Seventeen studies were identified that used 12 unique experimental analogues. All of the analogues depicted a completed or potential sexual assault in an apartment between a male perpetrator and female victim who did not know each other well. This information was presented in written (n = 7), audio (n = 1), video (n = 3), or virtual simulation (n = 1) format. Sexual aggression proclivity was measured through participants' self-reports (n = 10) and behavioral responses (n = 2). Perpetrators primarily used physical force which the woman verbally and physically resisted. Only one analogue depicted behavioral signs of the woman's alcohol impairment; none included signs of the man's alcohol impairment. Conclusions These analogues were designed to address important theoretical questions; however, they do not represent the full range of alcohol-involved sexual assaults. This hampers the development of evidence-based prevention and treatment programs because we do not know whether these findings generalize to other types of sexual assaults (e.g., with incapacitated victims, within serious relationships, with sexual and other gender minorities). Funding agencies need to support more alcohol administration research in order to provide a strong foundation for the development of effective interventions.
Predictors of life satisfaction among Hispanic/Latino immigrants in non-metropolitan communities in the Midwest

The United States is changing demographically, and Hispanics/Latinos are the largest minority group in the country. Often, Hispanics/Latinos are the driving force behind population stabilization an...
Environmental justice in the American south: an analysis of black women farmworkers in Apopka, Florida

Research has established that the burdens of externalities associated with industrial production are disproportionately borne by socially and politically vulnerable groups, and this is particularly true for farmworkers who are at high risk for environmental exposures and illnesses. The impacts of these risks are often compounded by farmworker communities’ social vulnerability. Yet, less is known about how the intersection of race, class, and gender can position some farmworkers to be at higher risk for particular types of oppressions. We extend the literature by analyzing the case of Black women farmworkers in Apopka, Florida, which was historically home to a large agricultural community. Drawing on the concept of critical environmental justice, we investigate the lived experiences of these women in the context of racialized, gendered, and economic oppressions during their time working on the farms. We use the case of Apopka to ask: (a) how the policies and socio-historical context of the agricultural industry in the American South contributed to injustices experienced by Black women farmworkers in Apopka, Florida; and (b) how race, gender, and class intersected and intersect to create and legitimize environmental injustices in the workplace for these farmworkers. Our data include semi-structured in-depth interviews, newspaper and media coverage, and archival materials. Our analysis advances work on critical environmental justice and intersectionality by mapping the relationship between structural and environmental intersectional oppressions for Black women farmworkers.
Cap polyposis of the colon: A report of 2 cases with unique clinical presentations but similar histopathologic findings

Abstract Cap polyposis is a rare, non-neoplastic disease characterized by multiple inflammatory polyps that are covered by a “cap” of fibrinopurulent granulation tissue and in most cases are located between the distal colon and the rectum. Patients usually present with bloody diarrhea, mucoid stools, and constipation. Endoscopically, mucosal polypoid structures are seen in the colon covered with a characteristic superficial, adherent white “cap” with normal intervening mucosa. Cap polyposis affects patients over a wide age range and, in rare instances, may also affect children. We report 2 cases of cap polyposis in the descending and rectosigmoid colon of a 6-year-old girl and in the rectosigmoid colon of a 61-year-old woman who have been followed for 8 and 6 years, respectively. Initial clinical examination and imaging, including computed tomography and colonoscopy revealed changes suspicious for inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy. Subsequent and repeated histopathological examinations however, revealed cap polyposis without definitive evidence of infection, chronic mucosal architectural changes, mucosal prolapse or dysplasia. We believe that this the first report of a pediatric patient with diffuse involvement of the descending and rectosigmoid colon by multiple inflammatory cap polyps mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, the unusual clinical presentation in both patients made the final diagnosis of cap polyposis challenging. When typical morphologic features of inflammatory-type polyposis present without evidence of mucosal prolapse, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation or malignancy, a high index of suspicion for cap polyposis is warranted for timely recognition and treatment.
Music therapy in child welfare: Bridging provision, protection, and participation: by Viggo Krüger, Dallas, TX Barcelona Publishers, 2020, 189 pp., Epub- $28, print- $32, PDF- $28, ISBN: 9781945411557, E-ISBN: 9781945411564

First, a disclaimer: I have been a member of The International Network for Music Therapists Working and Researching in the Field of Child Welfare that Kruger mentions (p. VIII). I have also shared ...
Public health emergencies and school attendance: What the Ebola crisis can teach us about the coming post-COVID education landscape

Abstract Using nine Demographic and Health Surveys for the three West African countries affected by the 2013−16 Ebola epidemic, this study applies a district-level interrupted time series (ITS) design to explore the longer-term impacts of the epidemic on school attendance. It shows that, about three to four years after the crisis, attendance has returned to the long-term trend regardless of the difference in Ebola virus disease prevalence among districts. The study also shows no discernable effect on the attendance trends for children from vulnerable backgrounds. However, it suggests further areas for examination and study. This includes migration patterns, the investment of emergency relief and overseas development aid between regions, the possible role of orphan status and early marriage (for girls) as vectors for the effect of the EVD crisis on educational outcomes and learnings losses for children who were out of school for up to an entire school year.
Modeling the Impact of Asymptomatic Carriers on COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics During Lockdown

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Asymptomatic carriers of the COVID-19 virus display no clinical symptoms but are known to be contagious. Recent evidence reveals that this sub-population, as well as persons with mild disease, are a major contributor in the propagation of the disease. The fast spread of COVID-19 forced governments around the world to establish and enforce generalized lockdowns, geared towards minimizing community transmission. This created an unprecedented epidemiological situation not properly characterized by existing mathematical models of isolation and quarantine. In this manuscript, we present a mathematical model for community transmission of COVID-19 taking into account asymptomatic carriers during the lockdown period. The main results consist of an exact calculation of the effective reproduction number , and a modeling framework that enables the quantification of generalized lockdowns on community transmission. A computation of is provided, assuming mean parameters. The first three weeks of the model exhibit exponential growth, which is in agreement with average case data collected from thirteen countries with universal health care and robust communicable disease surveillance systems. The point estimate of the basic reproduction number is .
Status Migrainosus: Predictors of Longer Hospital Stay (P3.052)

OBJECTIVE: Longer hospital stay in status migrainosus is an indicator of poor headache control. We identified some predictors of longer inpatient stay in patients admitted for status migrainosus. BACKGROUND: Large population, real world data analysis identifying predictors of longer hospital stay in status migrainosus are lacking. DESIGN/METHODS: Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was searched to identify patients with primary diagnosis of status migrainosus (ICD-9 codes 346.x2, 346.x3). Patients with age less than 16 years were excluded. Also patients with secondary diagnosis of other headache syndromes, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cervicalgia and occipital neuralgia were excluded to improve diagnostic certainty. Different comorbid conditions were identified using comorbidity variables and ICD-9 codes. Multiple linear regression was used to identify patient demographics, hospital characteristics and comorbid illnesses as predicting variables for longer length of stay (LOS). Log transformation of LOS was used in the regression model. RESULTS: Total 4550 patients with status migrainosus were identified from year 2008 to 2011. Median length of stay was 3 days and median patient age was 38 years. Out of total patients, 85.4[percnt] were females; 64[percnt] were admitted to hospitals with large bed size; 91.8[percnt] were in urban hospitals; 26.1[percnt] had chronic hypertension and 9.7[percnt] had a diagnosis of mood disorder. Every decade increment in age, female gender, larger hospital bed size, urban hospital location, hypertension, and mood disorder were significant predictors of longer LOS in the multiple linear regression. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, we found that every decade increment in age, female gender, larger hospital bed size, urban hospital location, hypertension, and mood disorder were significant predictors of longer hospital stay in patients admitted for status migrainosus. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Modi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dharaiya has nothing to disclose.
Applications of Probability of Study Success in Clinical Drug Development

The dominant approach to sample size determination for a clinical trial in regulatory review-driven pharmaceutical research has long been by assuming fixed values of parameters under competing hypotheses, i.e., null versus alternative representing futility and desired efficaciousness of a tested drug. A sample size is then determined to ensure sufficient statistical power for differentiating between the null and alternative hypotheses, while controlling the probability of wrongly rejecting the null. This approach bears the criticism of ignoring the variability inherent with the unknown parameters. To improve sample size determination, accounting for variability of parameters has recently been gaining application in pharmaceutical-conducted clinical trials. The common intent of this increased interest is to better predict the probability of a successful trial, which is often termed probability of study success (PrSS) or probability of success (POS). We discuss the important role that PrSS can play in clinical trial design and decision making throughout medical product development. A few examples are given for illustration.