cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Svalbard western coast: site of baseline geochemistry and incipient contamination

Potentially toxic metals tracked by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program were analysed in sediments from the Svalbard western coastal zone. These include As and Hg found as contaminants in other Arctic seas as well as other elements (e.g. Pb, V, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni). Svalbard shelf sediments contain average values of 12 ppm As, 12 ppm Pb, 56 ppb Hg and 114 ppm V. These values increase in Isfjorden sediments to 15 ppm As, 28 ppm Pb, 99 ppb Hg and 210 ppm V. Cluster analysis yields a major cluster that is likely related to clay minerals (Al, K, Ti, Mg) and sorption onto them of transition (Cu, V, Cr, Sc) and other elements (Pb, Rb). A second significant cluster includes Ca, Sr and plagioclase. The Svalbard western shelf is a natural geochemical environment. The possible incipient contamination of fjord sediments by As, Pb, Hg and V should be evaluated for possible links to anthropogenic sources. If links are found, remediation must be used to stop the input and preserve a pristine Svalbard fjord environment.
S 3 and the L=1 baryons in the quark model and the chiral quark model

The ${S}_{3}$ symmetry corresponding to permuting the positions of the quarks within a baryon allows us to study the 70-plet of $L=1$ baryons without an explicit choice for the spatial part of the quark wave functions: given a set of operators with definite transformation properties under the spin-flavor group $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(2)$ and under this ${S}_{3},$ the masses of the baryons can be expressed in terms of a small number of unknown parameters which are fit to the observed $L=1$ baryon mass spectrum. This approach is applied to study both the quark model and chiral constituent quark model. The latter theory leads to a set of mass perturbations which more satisfactorily fits the observed $L=1$ baryon mass spectrum (though we can say nothing, within our approach, about the physical reasonableness of the parameters in the fit). Predictions for the mixing angles and the unobserved baryon masses are given for both models as well as a discussion of specific baryons.
Synthesis of N-p-azidophenylethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphine and its 7,8-ditritio analogue. Potential opiate receptor photoaffinity labels

The morphine derivatives N-p-azidophenylethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphine (l) and its 7,8-ditritio analogue (la) were synthesized from morphine. This material, a potential photoaffinity label with high specific radioactivity and with opiate agonist activity comparable to morphine, may be useful for labeling of opiate receptors.
Bombesin stimulates small intestinal motility after intracerebroventricular administration to rats

Abstract The frequency and amplitude of contractions occurring in the duodenum and the jejunem of freely-moving, unanesthetized, female Sprague-Dawley rats were determined by continuously recording intestinal intraluminal pressure. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of saline did not significantly alter the frequency of contractions in either small bowel region when compared with activity observed during a preinjection control period. I.c.v. administration of bombesin (0.1–10 μg) produced a dose-related increase in the frequency of duodenal contractions of up to 583% of control. While an increase in jejunal motility was consistently seen with doses of 1 and 10 μg, the lowest bombesin dose tested (0.1 μg) produced a significant decrease in the frequency of contractions in this intestinal area. The intestinal motor effects were seen within the first 30 min after the peptide, and lasted for at least 1 h. Intraperitoneal administration of bombesin, at doses 200 times higher than those given centrally, failed to significantly alter intestinal motility at either recording site. Whether all of the complex intestinal motor effects of bombesin can be directly related to its centrally initiated inhibitory transit effect is unclear; however, the stimulation of contraction frequency in the duodenum at all doses tested suggest that the antitransit effects of bombesin may be, in part, the result of either an increase in the frequency of non-propulsive contractions or a disruption of the normal coordinated propulsive motility pattern of the duodenum.
Behavior of Various Anchorage Systems Used for Shear Strengthening of Concrete Structures with Externally Bonded FRP Sheets

AbstractEfforts to prevent the debonding failure mode of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening systems have led to the investigation of many different kinds of anchorage systems. An effective anchorage system allows externally bonded FRP reinforcements to continue carrying load, even after debonding occurs. In this study, an experimental program was performed on six full-scale RC T-beams strengthened in shear using externally bonded carbon FRP sheets with three different anchorage systems, the so-called (1) discontinuous mechanical anchorage (DMA) system, (2) sandwich discontinuous mechanical anchorage (SDMA) system, and (3) additional horizontal strips (HS) system. The experimental results showed that the SDMA system performed best, followed by the DMA and HS systems. The RC T-beams strengthened with the SDMA system showed a 59–91% increase in shear strength, altering the failure mode from FRP debonding to FRP rupture. In addition, the shear contribution of internal transverse st...
Automatic extraction of watershed characteristics using spatial analysis techniques with application to groundwater mapping

Abstract Spatial analysis techniques were developed using a raster-based image processing system to derive geometric and morphologic characteristics of watersheds from a digital elevation model. The watershed data layers were overlaid with digital soils information for two 7 1′ 2 quadrangles in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. The data layers were then integrated with a ground-water prediction model and maps of groundwater level zones were prepared from the digital data sets. This information can be useful in assessing the stability of slopes in landslide hazard prediction.
Syllogistic Reasoning in Puerto Rican Bilingual Elementary School Children

The purpose of the present study was to measure the effects of language proficiency and grade (age) on the reasoning of Puerto Rican bilingual children in elementary school. 20 syllogisms were administered, 10 in English and 10 in Spanish, and accuracy of and strategy for solution were examined. Solutions were more often accurate, and the proportion of theoretical explanations given for them was higher in Spanish. Differences by grade were not significant except a higher proportion of theoretical explanations were given by children in Grade 5 for syllogisms in Spanish.
Surgery for fulminant Clostridium difficile infection

Fulminant Clostridium difficile infection is an important clinical entity for surgeons given the increasing incidence and severity of the disease worldwide. Indications for surgery have not been standardized, but a worsening clinical picture from serial examination, laboratory evaluation, or overall clinical status appears to warrant surgical intervention. Total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy confers a modest survival advantage but historical mortality rates range from 35% to 80% in small series. Diverting loop ileostomy has recently emerged as a possible alternative with decreased mortality rates and the advantage of preserving the colon.
Bibliometric approach to community discovery

Recent research suggests that most of the real-world random networks organize themselves into communities. Communities are formed by subsets of nodes in a graph, which are closely related. Extracting these communities would lead to a better understanding of such networks. In this paper we propose a novel approach to discover communities using bibliographic metrics, and test the proposed algorithm on real-world networks as well as with computer-generated models with known community structure.
Metal–coumarin complexes: synthesis and characterization of 7-isocyanocoumarin ligands and Mo(CO)4(7-isocyanocoumarin)2 complexes. X-ray crystal structure of Mo(CO)4(7-isocyano-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin)2

Abstract The preparation and characterization of four different 7-isocyanocoumarin ligands is described. The four ligands are 3,4-dimethyl-7-isocyanocoumarin (Dmic), 7-isocyano-4-methylcoumarin (Mic), 3-chloro-7-isocyano-4-methylcoumarin (Cmic) and 7-isocyano-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (Tic). Reaction of the four 7-isocyanocoumarin ligands with Mo(CO)4(pip)2 (pip=piperidine) gave the Mo(CO)4L2 complexes. IR and UV–vis spectra of the complexes indicate that the 7-isocyanocoumarin ligands are significantly stronger π-acids than simple aromatic isocyanide ligands. An intense visible absorption band, assigned to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition, is present in the UV–vis spectra of the four Mo(CO)4L2 complexes. Excitation into the MLCT band of the Mic, Cmic, and Dmic complexes gave yellow–orange emission at room temperature in methylene chloride solution. Photolysis of Mo(CO)4(Mic)2 with P(Ph)3 in THF solution produced Mo(CO)3(PPh3)(Mic)2.
Association of obesity with left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in patients without coronary artery disease.

Obese patients frequently complain of dyspnea. Deconditioning and altered left ventricular (LV) systolic or diastolic function with elevated filling pressures may contribute to dyspnea. This study analyzed 4,281 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2000. No patients had coronary artery stenoses >50% of the luminal diameter, and all underwent echocardiography within the same 6-year period. The association between body mass index (BMI) and LV structure and systolic and diastolic function was examined. All analyses controlled for age and gender, with the effect size for BMI expressed using a standardized coefficient (SC). A higher BMI was associated with greater LV mass (SC 0.18, p 2 vs 24 mm Hg for BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 ; SC 0.18, p
Pantothenic Acid and the Metabolism of Amino Acids by Bacteria.

SummaryFrom this study is can be concluded that the pantothenate stimulation of amino acid oxidation by Proteus morganii is limited to those amino acids which can be converted to pyruvate. However, in the case of glutamic acid, and its metabolic intermediate α-ketoglutarate, the pantothenate stimulation appears to be more than can be attributed to pyruvate oxidation.
Rural-Urban Differences in Obesity1

Obesity is an important social and health issue in contemporary society. Differences in relative weight, overweight, and extreme overweight were examined in rural, middle-sized, and urban areas in a national sample of 11,578 adults in the NHANES II survey. Rural-urban residence and weight were examined in bivariate relationships and in multiple regression analyses controlling for demographic and physical variables. Overall bivariate analyses revealed that some groups in rural areas had higher weights than their more urban counterparts. However, regression analyses showed that many bivariate rural-urban differences disappeared when demographics were controlled, although rural white women and men were still more likely to be overweight relative to their more urban counterparts. These findings suggest that the demographic composition of rural and urban populations explains most, but not all rural-urban variations in weight.
Prolonged administration of chloramphenicol in monkeys.

ConclusionProlonged administration of Chloromycetin did not alter the peripheral or bone-marrow picture in normal, irradiated, or nutritionally cytopenic monkeys.
Differences in plethysmographic lung volumes. Effects of linked vs unlinked spirometry.

Determination of absolute lung volumes in patients is most reliable when measured with body plethysmography. Many laboratories use data obtained with a spirometer not directly linked to the plethysmograph to calculate total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) from thoracic gas volume (Vtg) measured at functional residual capacity (FRC) in the plethysmograph. The reliability of these calculations depends on the stability of FRC between these separate devices. We examined the differences in TLC and RV values calculated with linked and unlinked spirometers in 220 patients and found them statistically significant (p (Chest 1989; 95:117-23)
Application of Salivary Salicylate Data to Biopharmaceutical Studies of Salicylates

Concentrations of salicylic acid in saliva and plasma were measured in three subjects following the administration of 650 mg. of aspirin. Concentrations of salicylic acid in saliva were proportional to concentrations in plasma, saliva-plasma ratios in the three subjects being 0.0293 ± 0.0013, 0.0303 ± 0.0033, and 0.0394 ± 0.0043. The saliva-plasma ratios were independent of the plasma concentrations of salicylic acid observed in this study, the maximal concentration being 50 mcg./ml. Measurement of salivary concentrations of salicylic acid may be a useful technique in the evaluation of different formulations of aspirin or other salicylates. In the present study, delayed release of aspirin from enteric-coated tablets was demonstrated from the time course of the concentration of salicylic acid in saliva.
Ozone within the El Chichon aerosol cloud inferred from solar backscatter ultraviolet continuous-scan measurements

Large amounts of SO2 injected into the stratosphere by the El Chichon volcanic eruption greatly enhanced the sulfuric acid aerosol loading. According to laboratory studies, the increase in aerosol surface area would lead to a loss of ozone. Radiation measurements from the solar backscatter ultraviolet spectroradiometer are used to probe the absorbing and scattering properties of the stratosphere after the eruption. The backscattered radiation is enhanced for wavelengths greater than 290 nm, with a peak at about 302 nm. The enhancements associated with aerosol backscattering and ozone change can be separated. A decrease in column ozone of 8 to 30 Dobson units was deduced within the aerosol layer at an altitude between 20 and 30 km following the month of the eruption.
Quantitatively characterizing automotive interior surfaces using an Optical TIR-based texture sensor

This paper presents the development of an optical total internal reflection (TIR) based surface texture sensor. Through combination of both contact and non-contact optical surface profiling mechanisms, the new sensor can be efficiently used for quantitative characterization of surface texture properties including texture pattern, roughness, and even mechanical property like softness, etc. We have used this sensor to measure and analyze texture properties of extensive automotive interior leather sample surfaces. The results demonstrate that the sensor can effectively assist the interior designer to quantify and classify essential texture features of automobile interior surfaces. Ongoing work is integrating the sensor into a scientific surface texture evaluation system for the purpose of improving automobile interior design.
Large-scale models for policy decisions

The subject of large-scale modeling has always been one of great controversy. Recently there appears to be both an increase in the call from the user community for such tools, and writing on business of difficulties associated with producing them. This article is an attempt to investigate the feasibility of producing such models. It is a summary of a forthcoming book on the same subject. It looks at them from the point of view of data, theory, implementation, validation, transfer, and use. The studies discussed are generally ones produced by EPA or NSF over the last two years. In the main: the outstanding problem area appears not to be technical but in the field of transfer and use.
Full waveform inversion of reflection seismic data for ocean temperature profiles

[1] We show that ocean temperature profiles can be accurately recovered using only acoustic methods employed at the sea surface. Using a towed air gun array and a hydrophone streamer, thermohaline boundaries are ensonified at a suite of frequencies and angles, yielding travel time trajectories and reflectivities. These data are inverted via full waveform inversion to estimate sound speed and, subsequently, a temperature profile. The high lateral data density of the seismic technique offers the potential of acoustically derived temperature profiles to be used to constrain models of ocean mixing and internal waves. Results on realistic synthetic data show that sound speed can be recovered with arbitrary accuracy when using broadband data, with known source function and recording geometry. Application to field seismic data (corroborated by expendable bathythermograph) shows that even with a seismic acquisition system not specifically calibrated for seismic oceanography, temperature contrasts within the ocean can be recovered to within one degree Celsius.
Translational genomics of acquired laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives/Hypothesis Acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (ALTS) results from abnormal mucosal wound healing after laryngeal and/or tracheal injury. Patients with ALTS often present late after significant reduction of the airway lumen and onset of symptoms. Motivated by the need for earlier detection of affected patients, we sought to investigate genetic markers for ALTS that would identify susceptible patients. Study Design Pilot Case-Control Study. Methods Seventy-six patients were recruited, 40 patients with ALTS and 36 control patients with airway injury but without ALTS. DNA was isolated from whole blood and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients. Custom primers were designed and the TaqMan assay employing allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to interrogate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2569190, rs1799750, and rs1800469 located in candidate genes CD14, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), respectively. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association of candidate gene polymorphisms with the presence or absence of ALTS. Results All 76 patients were successfully genotyped at the three loci of interest by optimizing the genotyping protocol. MMP-1 SNP rs1799750 was most significantly associated with development of ALTS (P = 0.005). Conclusion Identification of SNPs associated with development of ALTS will provide new experimental targets to study wound healing in human subjects. The association found in the current study between ALTS and SNP rs1799750 is being validated in a larger population examining an expanded set of relevant SNPs. Identifying patients with genetic susceptibility to ALTS and poor wound healing in the upper airway will be useful for management of patients after upper-airway injury. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 124:E175–E179, 2014
The derivation of path following error and control motion noise filters for the reduction of Global Positioning System flight test data

In order to perform a complete comparison with existing systems and properly define and analyze the error properties of the GPS (Global Positioning System), PFE (path following error), and CMN (control motion noise) filters need to be defined for use during testing activities. The author discusses PFE and CMN characteristics and how these error components affect flight and aircraft systems, and then derives digital filters that can be used to reduce GPS data into components of PFE and CMN based on international specifications. >
Application of process statistics to macro/behavioral modeling

Transistor level simulation of integrated circuits requires device models that accurately reflect the variability of the manufacturing process. This can be accomplished by correlating the SPICE model parameters to the process characteristics. A procedure to extend this philosophy to block level macro/behavioral models is described. Included in this concept is the automated extraction of block level performance characteristics from a circuit, correlation of these characteristics to process/device level statistics, and development of tools to permit the concise description of a macro/behavioral model's statistical behavior. >
Roost selection by male Indiana Myotis following forest fires in central Appalachian hardwoods forests

Abstract Despite the potential for prescribed fire and natural wildfire to increase snag abundance in hardwood forests, few studies have investigated effects of fire on bat roosting habitat, partic...
Noninvasive theranostic imaging of HSV1-sr39TK-NTR/GCV-CB1954 dual-prodrug therapy in metastatic lung lesions of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer in mice.

Metastatic breast cancer is an obdurate cancer type that is not amenable to chemotherapy regimens currently used in clinic. There is a desperate need for alternative therapies to treat this resistant cancer type. Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (GDEPT) is a superior gene therapy method when compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy procedures, proven to be effective against many types of cancer in pre-clinical evaluations and clinical trials. Gene therapy that utilizes a single enzyme/prodrug combination targeting a single cellular mechanism needs significant overexpression of delivered therapeutic gene in order to achieve therapy response. Hence, to overcome this obstacle we recently developed a dual therapeutic reporter gene fusion that uses two different prodrugs, targeting two distinct cellular mechanisms in order to achieve effective therapy with a limited expression of delivered transgenes. In addition, imaging therapeutic reporter genes offers additional information that indirectly correlates gene delivery, expression, and functional effectiveness as a theranostic approach. In the present study, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of HSV1-sr39TK-NTR fusion dual suicide gene therapy system that we recently developed, in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer lung-metastatic lesions in a mouse model. We compared the therapeutic potential of HSV1-sr39TK-NTR fusion with respective dual prodrugs GCV-CB1954 with HSV1-sr39TK/GCV and NTR/CB1954 single enzyme prodrug system in this highly resistant metastatic lesion of the lungs. In vitro optimization of dose and duration of exposure to GCV and CB1954 was performed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Drug combinations of 1 mu g/ml GCV and 10 mu M CB1954 for 3 days was found to be optimal regimen for induction of significant cell death, as assessed by FACS analysis. In vivo therapeutic evaluation in animal models showed a complete ablation of lung metastatic nodules of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells following two consecutive doses of a combination of GCV (40 mg/kg) and CB1954 (40 mg/kg) administered at 5 day intervals. In contrast, the respective treatment condition in animals expressing HSV1-sr39TK or NTR separately, showed minimal or no effect on tumor reduction as measured by bioluminescence (tumor mass) and [F-18]-FHBG microPET (TK expression) imaging. These highlight the strong therapeutic effect of the dual fusion prodrug therapy and its use in theranostic imaging of tumor monitoring in living animals by multimodality molecular imaging.
Coaching Heavy as a Disciplinary Outsider: Negotiating Disciplinary Literacy for Adolescents

Instructional coaching runs the risk of being abandoned by policy makers and secondary schools if efficacy expectations related to adolescent literacy are not met (Knight, 2010; Walpole & McKenna, 2008). Research into coaching has examined the roles of coaches (Borman & Fenger, 2006; Smith, 2007) as well as the stances employed during collaborations (Costa & Garmston, 2002; Deussen et al., 2007; Ippolito, 2010), but insufficient research has explored how secondary coaches attempt to impact adolescent literacy in unfamiliar disciplines and the ways instructional coaches use coaching practices to negotiate disciplinary tensions. This paper is part of a larger qualitative study aimed at investigating the “heavy coaching” (Killion, 2009; 2010) discourse and practices employed by coaches at three different secondary schools as they attempted to improve the disciplinary literacy of students. In this paper, I present the case study of Eric, a former high school English teacher, as he worked with a high school algebra teacher, Jackie, over the course of a semester. While Eric attempted to coach heavy, the disciplinary tensions prompted him to employ situated coaching practices. Findings from this study suggest a disciplinary outsider status may be ameliorated through a coach’s use of transparency and collaborative practitioner inquiry.
Constrictive Pericarditis From a Severely Calcified Pericardium

A 42-year-old otherwise healthy woman presented with palpitations and gradual dyspnea on exertion. Her ECG showed normal sinus rhythm, an incomplete left bundle-branch block, and multiple premature atrial contractions. A posterior-anterior and lateral chest x-ray (Figure 1) demonstrated severe, dense calcification of the pericardium. The patient had been having palpitations for the past year and indolent dyspnea …
Exploring iPhone usage: the influence of socioeconomic differences on smartphone adoption, usage and usability

Previous studies have found that smartphone users differ by orders of magnitude. We explore this variability to understand how users install and use native applications in ecologically-valid environments. A quasi-experimental approach is applied to compare how users in different socio-economic status (SES) groups adopt new smartphone technology along with how applications are installed and used. We present a longitudinal study of 34 iPhone 3GS users. 24 of these participants were chosen from two carefully selected SES groups who were otherwise similar and balanced. Usage data collected through an in-device programmable logger, as well as several structured interviews, identify similarities, differences, and trends, and highlight systematic differences in smartphone usage. A group of 10 lower SES participants were later recruited and confirm the influence of SES diversity on device usage. Among our findings are that a large number of applications were uninstalled, lower SES groups spent more money on applications and installed more applications overall, and the lowest SES group perceived the usability of their iPhones poorly in comparison to the other groups. We further discuss the primary reasons behind this low score, and suggest design implications to better support users across SES brackets.
A nuclear factor 1 binding site mediates the transcriptional activation of a type I collagen promoter by transforming growth factor-β

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increases the steady-state RNA levels of several fibroblast extracellular matrix proteins. Using DNA transfection, we show that TGF-beta stimulates the activity of the mouse alpha 2(l) collagen promoter 5- to 10-fold in mouse NIH 3T3 and rat osteosarcoma cells. Deletion analysis indicates that a segment of this promoter between -350 and -300, overlapping a nuclear factor 1 (NF1) binding site, is needed for TGF-beta stimulation. A 3 bp substitution mutation abolishing NF1 binding to this site inhibits TGF-beta activation. Insertion of this NF1 binding site 5' to the SV40 early promoter makes the promoter TGF-beta inducible, but the 3 bp substitution does not. Similarly, when the NF1 binding site at the replication origin of adenovirus 2 and 5 is inserted 5' to the SV40 promoter, the promoter responds to TGF-beta. Therefore an NF1 binding site mediates the transcriptional activation of the mouse alpha 2(l) collagen promoter by TGF-beta.
Building disclosure risk aware query optimizers for relational databases

Many DBMS products in the market provide built in encryption support to deal with the security concerns of the organizations. This solution is quite effective in preventing data leakage from compromised/stolen storage devices. However, recent studies show that a significant part of the leaked records have been done so by using specialized malwares that can access the main memory of systems. These malwares can easily capture the sensitive information that are decrypted in the memory including the cryptographic keys used to decrypt them. This can further compromise the security of data residing on disk that are encrypted with the same keys. In this paper we quantify the disclosure risk of encrypted data in a relational DBMS for main memory-based attacks and propose modifications to the standard query processing mechanism to minimize such risks. Specifically, we propose query optimization techniques and disclosure models to design a data-sensitivity aware query optimizer. We implemented a prototype DBMS by modifying both the storage engine and optimizer of MySQL-InnoDB server. The experimental results show that the disclosure risk of such attacks can be reduced dramatically while incurring a small performance overhead in most cases.
A study of participatory action research as professional development for educators in areas of educational disadvantage

This paper presents the final analysis of a mixed methodological study of participatory action research (PAR) as professional development. The participants were administrators and teachers studying extreme educational disadvantage caused by homeless and transient living conditions. Two questions are answered: What was the experience of educators with the PAR process? Why might PAR be a useful tool in addressing educational disadvantage This study adds to the debate on use of PAR and challenges its usual deployment in the United States as ‘teacher research.’ Results drive the conclusion that wide‐based, networked projects such as this can be a successful tool for adaptive leadership, allowing educators to address socio‐economic disparities in their classrooms and schools.
XML-based advanced UDDI search mechanism for B2B integration

Exploring an appropriate business application published as a Web Service in the UDDI registry is a critical issue. Search for such an application should be effective in terms of time and uniformed in terms of interfaces. In this paper, an XML-based UDDI exploring engine that provides developers with standard interfaces for efficiently searching business and service information in single or multiple UDDI registries is proposed. We refer this engine as ?Business Explorer for Web Services? (BE4WS). It is based on the proposed UDDI Search Markup Language (USML) for carrying a search request including multiple queries, key words, UDDI sources, and aggregation operators. The Advanced UDDI Search Engine (AUSE), a core component of BE4WS, processes the USMLr equest and performs advanced exploring. The basic idea of an AUSE is to aggregate search results from different UDDI registries based on the USMLreq uest and its supporting intelligent search facilities. Examples of these facilities are Instant Notification Broker, UDDI Source Dispatching Broker, and Information Aggregation Broker, all of which have both priori knowledge of the meanings of specific categories and the ability to crossreference across multiple categories. An aggregation example using BE4WS is presented to create a shipping agent for B2B integration. The conclusions are provided.
Visual marking: a convergence of goal- and stimulus-driven processes during visual search.

Watson and Humphreys (1997) proposed that visual marking is a goal-directed process that enhances visual search through the inhibition of old objects. In addition to the standard marking case with targets at new locations, included in Experiment 1 was a set of trials with targets always at old locations, as well as a set of trials with targets varying between new and old locations. The participants’ performance when detecting the target at old locations was equivalent to their performance in the full-baseline condition when they knew the target would be at old locations, and was worse when the target appeared at old locations on 50% of the trials. Marking was observed when the target appeared at new locations. In Experiment 2, an offset paradigm was used to eliminate the influence of the salient abrupt-onset feature of the new objects. No significant benefits were found for targets at new locations in the absence of onsets at new locations. The results suggest that visual marking may be an attentional selection mechanism that significantly benefits visual search when (1) the observer has an appropriate search goal, (2) the goal necessitates inhibition of old objects, and (3) the new objects include a salient perceptual feature.
Synchronizing hyperchaos for communication

Recent work pioneered by Pecora and Carroll has considered the possibility of exploiting the phenomenon of chaos synchronization to achieve secure communication. But, theoretical and experimental models studied thus far limit to low dimensional systems with one positive Lyapunov exponent. Consequently, messages masked by such simple chaotic processes are shown to be easily extracted in some cases. In this paper we investigate high dimensional implementation of the Pecora-Carroll synchronization paradigm. In particular, in regard to potential applications to communication, we address the question of whether by transmitting just one scalar signal one can achieve synchronism in chaotic systems with two or more positive Lyapunov exponents (hyperchaos). Using both numerical and analytical examples we argue that under very general conditions the answer to the above question is affirmative.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Disorders Among Native American Women in Primary Care

Objectives. We examined the lifetime and the past-year prevalence and correlates of common mental disorders among American Indian and Alaska Native women who presented for primary care. Methods. We screened 489 consecutively presenting female primary care patients aged 18 through 45 years with the General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version. A subsample (n = 234) completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. We examined associations between psychiatric disorders and sociodemographic variables, boarding school attendance, and psychopathology in the family of origin. Results. The study participants had high rates of alcohol use disorders, anxiety disorders, and anxiety/depression comorbidity compared with other samples of non–American Indian/Alaska Native women in primary care settings. Conclusions. There is a need for culturally appropriate mental health treatments and preventive services.
A Small Group of Neurosecretory Cells Expressing the Transcriptional Regulator apontic and the Neuropeptide corazonin Mediate Ethanol Sedation in Drosophila

In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as in mammals, acute exposure to a high dose of ethanol leads to stereotypical behavioral changes beginning with increased activity, followed by incoordination, loss of postural control, and eventually, sedation. The mechanism(s) by which ethanol impacts the CNS leading to ethanol-induced sedation and the genes required for normal sedation sensitivity remain largely unknown. Here we identify the gene apontic (apt), an Myb/SANT-containing transcription factor that is required in the nervous system for normal sensitivity to ethanol sedation. Using genetic and behavioral analyses, we show that apt mediates sensitivity to ethanol sedation by acting in a small set of neurons that express Corazonin (Crz), a neuropeptide likely involved in the physiological response to stress. The activity of Crz neurons regulates the behavioral response to ethanol, as silencing and activating these neurons affects sedation sensitivity in opposite ways. Furthermore, this effect is mediated by Crz, as flies with reduced crz expression show reduced sensitivity to ethanol sedation. Finally, we find that both apt and crz are rapidly upregulated by acute ethanol exposure. Thus, we have identified two genes and a small set of peptidergic neurons that regulate sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. We propose that Apt regulates the activity of Crz neurons and/or release of the neuropeptide during ethanol exposure.
The Dating of Documents

IN THE arrangement and description of archives one of the most important items of description of a document is its date. In working with records the modern archivist often comes upon documents that have no date or are incompletely or erroneously dated. For example, memoranda and informal minutes of meetings all too often are dated with the day of the week and the month but not the year; and some documents dated early in a new year carry over the date of the previous year—slaves of habit that we are ! Because it is important for the archivist to know the date of a document, even if it is only approximate, any timesaving device for aiding him in this research should be a welcome addition to his working tools. To this end the following information about the calendar and the dating of documents has been brought together from various sources. In most of the civilized world today time is reckoned by the Gregorian Calendar. Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, finding that the prevailing Julian Calendar was getting farther and farther behind the solar year, corrected it by dropping out ten days and providing that the centesimal years should be leap years only when divisible by 400. He also changed the date of the beginning of the year from March 25, which had been in effect for over a thousand years, to January 1. This change was initiated in 1582 on October 5 of the Julian Calendar by designating that day October 15 of the Gregorian Calendar. England and the English colonies in America continued to use the Julian Calendar until 1752, when they adopted the Gregorian Calendar by designating September 3 of the Julian Calendar as September 14 of the new calendar. At the same time, January 1 was made the beginning of the year. In dating the documents of
Ion Mobility Separation of Peptide Isotopomers

Differential or field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) operating at high electric fields fully resolves isotopic isomers for a peptide with labeled residues. The naturally present isotopes, alone and together with targeted labels, also cause spectral shifts that approximately add for multiple heavy atoms. Separation qualitatively depends on the gas composition. These findings may enable novel strategies in proteomic and metabolomic analyses using stable isotope labeling.
Altered reactivity of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle to vasoactive agents in hypoxia.

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether acute hypoxia in vitro or chronic hypobaria alter the response of pulmonary artery smooth muscle to vasoactive substances proposed as mediators of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Dose response curves to PGF2α, A-II, EPI, NE, and 5-HT were obtained on helical strips of pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta from normal and chronically hypobaric (one-half atmosphere for 2 weeks) rats, under the conditions of high and low oxygen tension in the tissue bath. Chronic hypobaria increased the reactivity of pulmonary artery to PGF2α and decreased it to A-II when compared to normal rats. Acute hypoxia did not change the reactivity of pulmonary artery to any of the agents tested. Similar changes were not observed in aorta.
THE ORIGINS OF INEQUALITY, AND POLICIES TO CONTAIN IT

This paper critiques the notion that unfettered inequality is an inevitable consequence of contemporary capitalism, and provides an alternative, new framework for analyzing changes in income and wealth distribution. By thinking of these distributions as the result of changing centrifugal and centripetal economic and political forces, we can identify changes in our economic and social structure that may have played a central role in the creation of today’s high level of inequality, and we can analyze the potential impacts of alternative policies. Specifically, I suggest that much of the increase in inequality is associated with the growth in rents — including land and exploitation rents (e.g., arising from monopoly power and political influence).
Dynamics of Plume-Triple Junction Interaction: Results from a Series of Three-Dimensional Numerical Models and Implications for the Formation of Oceanic Plateaus

Mantle plumes rising in the vicinity of mid-ocean ridges often generate anomalies in melt production and seafloor depth. This study investigates the dynamical interactions between a mantle plume and a ridge-ridge-ridge triple junction, using a parameter space approach and a suite of steady state, three-dimensional finite element numerical models. The top domain boundary is composed of three diverging plates, with each assigned half-spreading rates with respect to a fixed triple junction point. The bottom boundary is kept at a constant temperature of 1350°C except where a two-dimensional, Gaussian-shaped thermal anomaly simulating a plume is imposed. Models vary plume diameter, plume location, the viscosity contrast between plume and ambient mantle material, and the use of dehydration rheology in calculating viscosity. Importantly, the model results quantify how plume-related anomalies in mantle temperature pattern, seafloor depth, and crustal thickness depend on the specific set of parameters. To provide an example, one way of assessing the effect of conduit position is to calculate normalized area, defined to be the spatial dispersion of a given plume at specific depth (here selected to be 50 km) divided by the area occupied by the same plume when it is located under the triple junction. For one particular case modeled where the plume is centered in an intraplate position 100 km from the triple junction, normalized area is just 55%. Overall, these models provide a framework for better understanding plateau formation at triple junctions in the natural setting and a tool for constraining subsurface geodynamical processes and plume properties.
A 2.3-mW 11-cm Range Bootstrapped and Correlated-Double-Sampling Three-Dimensional Touch Sensing Circuit for Mobile Devices

This brief discusses an oscillator-based capacitive 3-D touch-sensing circuit for mobile devices. The proposed 3-D touch sensor uses correlated double sampling to achieve a high sensing resolution in the Z-direction and employs bootstrapping circuitry to reduce the mobile screen's interchannel-coupling effects. Additionally, to reduce chip area and assembly, the sensing oscillator is implemented with inverter-based active resonators instead of using either on- or off-chip inductors. The prototyped 3-D touch sensor is fabricated using 65-nm CMOS process technology and consumes an area of 2 mm2, with a 2.3-mW power consumption from a 1-V power supply. Measured together with a 3.4′′ HTC standard mobile screen, the sensor achieves an 11-cm Z-direction sensing range with a 1-cm resolution, demonstrating the potential implementation of 3-D finger position sensing in a mobile device.
Pre-evaluation of Occupational Disease Hazard in A Construction Project of Powder Metallurgy

Objective To identify possible occupational hazard factors in the construction project,to analyze hazard degree and its influence to workers,to evaluate the effects of control measures and confirm the kind of occupational hazard so as to suggest the key point for occupational hazard control.Methods The comprehensive evaluation was conducted by checking the table and analogism method.Results The main occupational hazard factors that may exist in this project are benzene,toluene,xylene,W,Co,Ni,CO,NO2 noise and dust.This construction project belongs to ordinary occupational hazard construction project.ConclusionAll kinds of occupational hazard prevention measures in this construction project should be taken and occupational health management should be improved.From the point of occupational health,this construction project is feasible.
Language Planning and Policy in Native America: History, Theory and Praxis, by McCarty, T.L.

Educators, scholars, activists, and those generally interested in Native Americans’ struggles for autonomy and sovereignty will greatly appreciate McCarty’s comprehensive review of contemporary lan...
Acrosome Reaction Measurement

The peanut-agglutinin assay is used to assess the acrosomal status of sperm. This assay is an indicator of semen quality as male infertility may be caused by spermatozoa lacking intact acrosomes at ejaculation. Acrosomal status after induction of the acrosome reaction can be assessed by microscopy or flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled lectins, such as Pisum sativum (pea agglutinin) or Arachis hypogaea (peanut lectin), or monoclonal antibodies against the acrosome antigen CD46. Acrosome reaction is an exocytotic process that occurs after the spermatozoa bind to the zona pellucida and must take place before the spermatozoon can penetrate the oocyte layers and fertilize the oocyte. A very small percentage of spermatozoa undergo spontaneous acrosome reaction (<5 %). In many patients premature acrosome reaction may occur, and these spermatozoa lose the ability to fertilize as the acrosomal enzymes are released even in the absence of the egg in its vicinity. After capacitation, the spermatozoon is ready to undergo acrosome reaction. Competence of capacitated spermatozoa can be tested by using calcium ionophore.
NetKV: Scalable, Self-Managing, Load Balancing as a Network Function

Distributed key-value systems (e.g., memcached) are critical tools to cache popular content in memory, which avoids complex and expensive database queries and file system accesses. To efficiently use cache resources, balancing the load across a cluster of cache servers is important. Current approaches place a proxy at each client that can redirect requests across the cluster, but this requires modification to each client and makes dynamic replication of keys difficult. While a centralized proxy can be used, this traditionally has not been scalable. We design and implement NetKV, a scalable, self-managing, load balancer for memcached clusters. NetKV exploits recent advances in Network Function Virtualization to provide efficient packet processing in software, producing a high performance, centralized proxy that can forward over 10.5 million requests per second. NetKV efficiently and accurately detects hot keys using stream-analytic techniques, then replicates them to meet the allowed load imbalance bound set by administrators. NetKV uses &#x0022;balls and bins&#x0022; load analysis to adaptively determine the replication factor and set of hot keys. Our prototype adds minimal latency to each request, and our algorithms effectively balance load in both a 12 server cluster and a large-scale simulation driven by a trace of wikipedia requests.
Strong approximations to Brownian Local Time

A strong approximation (or strong invariance principle) of random walks to Brownian motion is the construction of random walks and Brownian motions on a single probability space so that the normalized random walks converge to the Brownian motions a.s. at some rate. Given such a strong approximation, it is natural to ask if the “local times” of the random walks also converge a.s. to the local times of the Brownian motions. The first such strong invariance principle for local times that also gave a rate was given in [R] for the case of simple random walk. Since then there have been many papers on this subject with the aim of weakening the assumptions on the walk and improving the rate. See [Bo2] and [CH] and the references therein. For recent results along these lines, see [BK2].