cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The acceptance of low prestige

I employ a simulation model previously used to analyze the choice of top members in a hierarchy to examine the acceptance of low prestige in a group of possibly large size. Results show that acceptance of low rank is most likely when the collective benefit available is mostly nonrival and nonexcludable and has low additivity (every contribution helps), and the ability of even low ability group members to contribute is high in absolute terms. I discuss possible mechanisms, through genetic or behavioral selection, by which the capacity to believe in one's own low rank may have developed.
Fast geometric parameter sweep of FEM models via a nonlinear BT-POD model reduction

A finite element method (FEM) model-order reduction (MOR) methodology for the fast parametric sweep of geometrical features is presented. The proposed method first linearizes the otherwise non-linear FEM matrix dependence with respect to the geometry variation, and then uses a uniformly sampled balanced truncation proper orthogonal decomposition (BT-POD) reduction algorithm to expediently sweep over the parametric geometry space. The approach avoids slow re-meshing and full matrix reassembly by using mesh morphing approaches. Moreover, BT-POD is known to provide close to optimal size reduced problems using only a small number of samples, thus minimizing the the number of full-model solutions. Numerical results on two large-scale filter design examples are used to study the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Gazing Through the Crystal Ball: Potential Futures for Nursing Research?

In this column Thomas Cox explores advances in travel and technology that he believes will help to change the face of healthcare and thus nursing practice and research. Within a focus on the coming globalization of healthcare, he proposes a restructuring of nursing into four tiers of practitioners, each with a different focus in providing care, and reframes the meaning of this care, offering a glimpse into the ways nursing research might evolve to parallel changes in practice. He then delineates in some detail the ways the process of conducting research is likely to change given expected advances in computerization. Francelyn Reeder focuses on the pattern changes taking place globally and the philosophical ideas that can assist nurse researchers in recognizing a very broad array of sources of evidence that will help further the discipline and enhance quality of life for all beings and the environment. Integral to her presentation are the ideas that belonging comes before being in the world and that integral evidence is necessary to understand the unfolding life world of all the world's inhabitants.
Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion during cardiopulmonary bypass

Blood contact with synthetic surfaces during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes a diffuse inflammatory reaction that includes neutrophil activation. The purpose of this study was to determine if inhibition of neutrophil adhesion with a new antiinflammatory agent NPC 15669 (N-(9H-(2,7-dimethylfluorenyl-9-methoxy)-carbonyl)-L-leucine) could reduce pulmonary injury in a porcine model of CPB. NPC 15669 blocks adherence of activated neutrophils by inhibiting upregulation of the Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) adhesion molecule. Sixteen piglets underwent 2 hours of hypothermic CPB followed by 2 hours of observation; 8 received NPC 15669 (10 mg/kg intravenous bolus followed by 6 mg.kg-1.h-1 intravenous infusion) and 8 received equal volumes of vehicle. After 90 minutes of CPB, expression of neutrophil adhesion molecule subunit CD18 increased 118% in control piglets but only 36% in piglets treated with NPC 15669 (p < 0.01). Although neutropenia developed in all animals during CPB, lung tissue myeloperoxidase content was significantly lower in treated than in control animals 2 hours after CPB (94.9 +/- 10.4 versus 46.9 +/- 5.5 mumol.10 mg-1.min-1; p < 0.002). Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation (quantitated by spectrophotometric assay of plasma conjugated dienes) was significantly reduced by treatment with NPC 15669 during and after CPB. Pulmonary function was better in NPC 15669-treated animals: 2 hours after CPB, pulmonary vascular resistance increased 477% in control piglets but only 140% in piglets receiving NPC 15669 (p < 0.03); arterial oxygen tension was significantly greater in piglets receiving NPC 15669 (428 +/- 33 mm Hg) than in controls (141 +/- 46; p < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A GaInAsP-InP double-ring resonator coupled laser

A monolithic single-mode GaInAsP-InP double microring resonator coupled laser is demonstrated for the first time. The laser comprises two passive ring resonators, semiconductor optical amplifiers in the bus waveguides, and 3-dB codirectional couplers. The laser has an output power of 0.5 mW with a sidemode supression ratio of >35 dB. The tunability is demonstrated using integrated platinum resistors on top of the waveguides in the rings.
One‐dimensional inhomogeneous Vlasov equilibria

Bernstein, Greene, and Kruskal showed how, given the electrostatic potential as a function of position, the entire distribution function for ions, and the distribution function for untrapped electrons in a one‐dimensional, two‐species Vlasov plasma, one could determine the distribution function for the trapped electrons as the solution of an Abel integral equation. This result is generalized by replacing the statements about the distribution functions with the specification of the velocity space distribution functions of both species at a single position in the plasma. Limiting cases are shown to correspond to the earlier treatment, and the applicability of the theory to experiment is discussed.
Table of Contents for: Legal Analysis: The Fundamental Skill

The second edition of Legal Analysis, the Fundamental Skill, continues to teach students the critical skills of legal reasoning. This popular book is a practical and clear guide that explains the many ways lawyers analyze the law. The authors demystify legal analysis by examining the foundations and methodology of legal problem solving and by discussing the different levels of critical thinking necessary to develop effective legal arguments. The book emphasizes the importance of applying the law as opposed to relying excessively on formulaic methods of analysis. New to the second edition, the book examines rule-based reasoning and the implicit rule; deductive analysis and resolving statutory ambiguity; case-law reasoning and inductive analysis; the role of policy in legal argument; and the structure and variations of legal argument and CREAC. New examples and exercises are also included.
Glucose Metabolism in the Human Cerebellum: Anatomical-Functional Correlations

Functional maturation of human cerebellar structures was previously difficult to evaluate with positron emission tomography (PET) because of scanner resolution. Only vermis and cerebellar hemispheres could be reliably identified with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET. In the present study, we have used a new high resolution PET system, the Siemens EXACT-HR, to study, in depth, the patterns of glucose metabolism in various cerebellar structures. Due to the orientation of the cerebellar fissures which are important landmarks, the largest number of regions could be identified when the cerebellar regions were displayed on coronal planes. The high resolution PET images, together with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and standard atlases, now allow identification of the following cerebellar structures: anterior vermis, posterior vermis, dentate nucleus, anterior lobe, posterior quadrangular lobule, superior semilunar lobule, inferior semilunar, gracile, and biventer lobules, tonsil, and cerebellar w...
Pilot and Feasibility Test of Adolescent-Controlled Text Messaging Reminders

Purpose. This pilot study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of a text messaging system that allowed teenagers with asthma to generate and control medical reminders sent to their mobile phones. Methods. The 12 teens in the study group were able to create their own reminder text messages, add or change reminders, and determine when and how often the messages were sent to their cell phone. Results. In total, 18 of the 21 unique messages created were reminders to take medication. No teen made changes to their original text messages or delivery schedule on their own. They gave high ratings on the usefulness, acceptability, and ease of use of the text messaging system. Self-reported asthma control at baseline was similar for both the study and comparison groups and did not change significantly. Conclusions. Allowing teens to control the timing and content of reminder text messages may support self-management of chronic disease.
Triplet energy harvesting by lanthanides in conjugated polymers

We report the design, synthesis, and spectroscopic characterization of polyphenylene-type polymers that can be used to sensitize europium complexes. Although benzophenone is widely studied and characterized, polybenzophenones have not been widely used in photophysical studies. The properties of poly(4'-methyl-2,4-benzophenone) (MB), poly(4'-methyl-2,5-benzophenone) (PB) and poly[2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl(2,5-didecoxy-1,4-phenylene)] (PBP) are described in this paper. All three polymers have backbones that are similar to polyphenylene. PBP has a bipyridine unit that alternates with a phenyl ring. Benzophenone rings are polymerized with para or meta linkages in PB and MB, respectively. All three polymers have similar emission maxima at 430 nm, but PBP has a higher quantum efficiency of emission. The polymers studied in this paper proved to be of lower energy than what is needed to sensitize many europium complexes. In almost all of the lanthanide complexes the ligands played a major role in the emission properties. This was elaborated in studies done previously. Europium chelates of the two different ligands: di(2-thienoyl)methane (DTM) and di(2-naphthoyl)methane (DNM) proved to be of comparable energies with the polymers studied. Results showed that energy transfer did occur between the polymers and the europium chelates, but the energy transfer was not 100% because residual emission from the polymers was detected.
Ion-selective electrodes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic principles and practical aspects of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) measurements. The chapter particularly emphasizes on the use of ISEs in biological studies and in clinical chemistry. Information concerning the classification of ISE devices, electrode selectivity, instrumentation required for ISE measurements, and some of the limitations and concerns involved in such measurements are also discussed in the chapter. ISEs are relatively simple membrane-based potentiometric devices that are capable of accurately measuring the activity of ions in solution. Selectivity of these transducers for one ion over the other is determined by the nature and composition of the membrane materials used to fabricate the electrode. Liquid and polymer membranes allow for the selective measurement of a wide variety of cations and anions (e.g., Na + , K +, Ca 2+ , Ag + , C1 - , Br - , F - , and organic ions). Some key examples of successful applications of these miniature and microtransducers are cited in the chapter along with pertinent details concerning the actual construction of various electrodes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the design and function of newly devised enzyme and bacterial bio-electrodes that are suitable for the direct measurement of amino acids and metabolites.
Exploiting Multimodal Affect and Semantics to Identify Politically Persuasive Web Videos

We introduce the task of automatically classifying politically persuasive web videos and propose a highly effective multi-modal approach for this task. We extract audio, visual, and textual features that attempt to capture affect and semantics in the audio-visual content and sentiment in the viewers' comments. We demonstrate that each of the feature modalities can be used to classify politically persuasive content, and that fusing them leads to the best performance. We also perform experiments to examine human accuracy and inter-coder reliability for this task and show that our best automatic classifier slightly outperforms average human performance. Finally we show that politically persuasive videos generate more strongly negative viewer comments than non-persuasive videos and analyze how affective content can be used to predict viewer reactions.
Sensor-Based Coverage: Incremental Construction of Cellular Decompositions

Coverage path planning determines a path that passes a robot, a detector, or some type of effector over all points in an environment. Previous work in coverage used cellular decompositions to pass a robot over all points in a target space. We defined a class of cellular decompositions termed Morse Decompositions which were defined by Morse functions; varying the Morse function changes the pattern by which the space was covered. In this paper, we prescribe a provably complete sensor-based coverage path planner that can accommodate detectors with variable effective detecting ranges that go beyond the robot’s periohery. In vast open spaces, the robot can use the full range of its detector, so we cover these spaces as if the robot were as big as the detector. In narrow and cluttered spaces, we obstacles lie within the detector range and thus the detection range “fills” the surrounding area; in this case, the robot simply follows the generalized Voronoi diagram in the cluttered spaces. Therefore, we introduce a new hierarchical decomposition that combines Morse decompositions and generalized Voronoi diagrams. We show how to use this hierarchical decomposition to cover unknown spaces.
Subsampling Methodology for the Analysis of Nonlinear Atmospheric Time Series

This contribution addresses the problem of obtaining reliable statistical inference from meteorological and climatological records. The common practice is to choose a linear model for the time series, then compute confidence intervals (CIs) for its parameters based on the estimated model. It is demonstrated that such CIs may become misleading when the underlying data generating mechanism is nonlinear, while the computer intensive subsampling method provides an attractive alternative (including situations when linear models are entirely out of place, e.g., when constructing CIs for the skewness).
Latina/o librarian technological engagements: REFORMA in the digital age

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, members of the librarian professional organization, REFORMA found themselves organizing at the juncture of the struggle for Latina/o rights and the digital age, anticipating a rapidly changing future with new technologies. This article looks at REFORMA’s history of activism around Information Communication Technology during the onset of the digital age. By detailing the actions that REFORMA members took during this time period, I maintain that Latina/o librarians’ advocacy and activism for Latina/o rights were critical to the librarianship profession in the digital age.
Epstein-Barr virus-negative post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: A distinct entity?

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are usually but not invariably associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The reported incidence, however, of EBV-negative PTLDs varies widely, and it is uncertain whether they should be considered analogous to EBV-positive PTLDs and whether they have any distinctive features. Therefore, the EBV status of 133 PTLDs from 80 patients was determined using EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid (EBER) in situ hybridization stains with or without Southern blot EBV terminal repeat analysis. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, genotypic, and clinical features of the EBV-negative PTLDs were reviewed, and selected features were compared with EBV-positive cases. Twenty-one percent of patients had at least one EBV-negative PTLD (14% of biopsies). The initial EBV-negative PTLDs occurred a median of 50 months post-transplantation compared with 10 months for EBV-positive cases. Although only 2% of PTLDs from before 1991 were EBV negative, 23% of subsequent PTLDs were EBV negative (p <0.001). Of the EBV-negative PTLDs, 67% were of monomorphic type (M-PTLD) compared with 42% of EBV-positive cases (p <0.05). The other EBV-negative PTLDs were of infectious mononucleosis-like, plasma cell-rich (n = 2), small B-cell lymphoid neoplasm, large granular lymphocyte disorder (n = 4) and polymorphic (P) types. B-cell clonality was established in 14 specimens and T-cell clonality was established in three (two patients). None of the remaining specimens were studied with Southern blot analysis and some had no ancillary studies. Rearrangement of c-MYC was identified in two M-PTLDs with small noncleaved-like features, and rearrangement of BCL-2 was found in one large noncleaved-like M-PTLD. Ten patients were alive at 3 to 63 months (only three patients received chemotherapy). Seven patients, all with M-PTLDs, are dead at 0.3 to 6 months. Therefore, EBV-negative PTLDs have distinct features, but some do respond to decreased immunosuppression, similar to EBV-positive cases, suggesting that EBV positivity should not be an absolute criterion for the diagnosis of a PTLD.
Influence of psychological intervention on puncture success rate and treatment compliance in children with intravenous infusion

Objective To explore the influence of psychological intervention on puncture success rate and treatment compliance in children with intravenous infusion. Methods 1200 children with intravenous infusion from January 2012 to January 2014 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group,600 cases in each group.The control group was given routine care,and the intervention group was given psychological intervention on the basis of the control group.The venipuncture success rate,treatment compliance and parent′s satisfaction degree in two groups was compared. Results The once venipuncture success rate in the intervention group was97%,which was higher than 71% in the control group,with significant difference(P0.01).The treatment compliance rate in the intervention group was 95.5%,which was higher than 73.0% in the control group,with significant difference(P0.01).The rate of parent′s satisfaction in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with significant difference(P0.01). Conclusion Psychological intervention can effectively improve once puncture success rate and treatment compliance in children with intravenous infusion,and increase parent′s satisfaction degree.
Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia (AEL): A Rare Subset of De Novo AML with A Complex Rearrangement Involving ETV6 Locus and Loss of RB1 Locus

Acute erythroblastic leukemia AEL a rare subset of de novo AML with a complex rearrangement involving ETV locus and loss of RB locus
Reconsiderando la “invasión mixteca” del valle de Oaxaca en el Posclásico

Resumen Desde el descubrimiento de la increible Tumba 7 en Monte Alban, hace mas de 80 anos, se ha considerado que el despoblamiento y la decadencia hacia 800-900 dC de dicho centro urbano del periodo Clasico, asi como los cambios subsecuentes en el valle de Oaxaca, son consecuencia de una pretendida invasion de los mixtecos quienes suplantaron a los zapotecos de la region. Con base en recientes y refinados registros cronologicos sobre este periodo de transicion proporcionamos en este escrito una alternativa a este punto de vista tradicional que abarca la decadencia de Monte Alban y los cambios en la organizacion politica, los patrones de asentamiento y las redes extrarregionales que le siguieron. Sin embargo, como la Tumba 7 y otras fuentes han revelado, los mixtecos estaban presentes en el valle de Oaxaca desde la epoca prehispanica, pero aqui sostenemos que su presencia en el valle fue mas tardia (despues de c. 1250 dC) y geograficamente mas localizada de lo que se ha pensado por mucho tiempo.
Perceived freedom in leisure and career salience in adolescence.

This study investigated perceived freedom in leisure and career salience of adolescents in the context of Super's (1980) lifespan career development theory. Participants (N = 251) were randomly sel...
Increase in Dye:Dendrimer Ratio Decreases Cellular Uptake of Neutral Dendrimers in RAW Cells.

Neutral generation 3 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were labeled with Oregon Green 488 (G3-OGn) to obtain materials with controlled fluorophore:dendrimer ratios (n = 1-2), a mixture containing mostly 3 dyes per dendrimer, a mixture containing primarily 4 or more dyes per dendrimer (n = 4+), and a stochastic mixture (n = 4avg). The UV absorbance of the dye conjugates increased linearly as n increased and the fluorescence emission decreased linearly as n increased. Cellular uptake was studied in RAW cells and HEK 293A cells as a function of the fluorophore:dendrimer ratio (n). The cellular uptake of G3-OG n (n = 3, 4+, 4avg) into RAW cells was significantly lower than G3-OG n (n = 1, 2). The uptake of G3-OG n (n = 3, 4+, 4avg) into HEK 293A cells was not significantly different from G3-OG1. Thus, the fluorophore:dendrimer ratio was observed to change the extent of uptake in the macrophage uptake mechanism but not in the HEK 293A cell. This difference in endocytosis indicates the presence of a pathway in the macrophage that is sensitive to hydrophobicity of the particle.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Quantitation of DNA

In this laboratory experiment, real-time PCR will be conducted using serially diluted standard K562 DNA, published human TPOX single locus DNA primers, and Bio-Rad’s iQ SYBR Green Supermix employing SYBR Green I. The reaction mix will be pipetted to a 96-well plate and amplifed using a Bio-Rad iQ5 or similar instrument. The amplification of the 64-base pair amplicon will be viewed in real-time and the threshold cycle will be determined for the serial dilutions. A plot of the threshold cycle versus the log of the DNA concentration will be used to determine the concentration of an unknown. Evaluation of the melting temperature using a melt curve and first derivative plot will be used to qualitatively determine the production of the correct amplicon. At the completion of the PCR experiment, the plate may be frozen until the next laboratory session in which agarose gels of the PCR products can be run to confirm the length of the amplicon with a DNA ladder.
National direct-drive program on OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility

A major advantage of the laser direct-drive (DD) approach to ignition is the increased fraction of laser drive energy coupled to the hot spot and relaxed hot-spot requirements for the peak pressure and convergence ratios relative to the indirect-drive approach at equivalent laser energy. With the goal of a successful ignition demonstration using DD, the recently established national strategy has several elements and involves multiple national and international institutions. These elements include the experimental demonstration on OMEGA cryogenic implosions of hot-spot conditions relevant for ignition at MJ-scale energies available at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and developing an understanding of laser-plasma interactions and laser coupling using DD experiments on the NIF. DD designs require reaching central stagnation pressures in excess of 100 Gbar. The current experiments on OMEGA have achieved inferred peak pressures of 56 Gbar (Regan et al 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 025001). Extensive analysis of the cryogenic target experiments and two- and three-dimensional simulations suggest that power balance, target offset, and target quality are the main limiting factors in target performance. In addition, cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) has been identified as the main mechanism reducing laser coupling. Reaching the goal of demonstrating hydrodynamic equivalence on OMEGA includes improving laser power balance, target position, and target quality at shot time. CBET must also be significantly reduced and several strategies have been identified to address this issue.
Caffeine influences cadence at lower but not higher intensity RPE-regulated cycling.

Abstract Caffeine blunts RPE estimations but effects on selected cycling cadence are unclear. Purpose This study examined influence of caffeine on cycling cadence with intensities prescribed at RPE 4 and 7 (OMNI Scale). Methods College-aged (20.5 ± 2.0 y) male and female volunteers ( n = 15) (VO 2 peak = 40.3 ± 4.0,) completed a maximal cycling test followed by trials where they adjusted cadence (CAD) (clamped resistances) to produce overall feelings equivalent to RPE 4 (RPE4) and RPE 7 (RPE7) (10 min each) following caffeine (CAF) (6 mg·kg − 1 ·min − 1 ) and placebo (PLA) (counterbalanced) ingestion. Participants were blinded to cadence during production trials. Results Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect (trial) for CAD (CAF ~ 4 rev·min − 1 faster) for RPE4 but no significance for RPE7. Main effect for heart rate (HR) was not significant for RPE4 but significant for RPE7 (CAF ~ 4 b·min − 1 higher). Main effects showed mean VO 2 significantly higher (~ 1.5–2 ml·kg − 1 ·min − 1 ) for CAF for RPE4 and RPE7. Using a calculated least significant difference (5 rev·min − 1 ) positive responses were observed for five individuals (33%) for RPE4 and 3 individuals (20%) for RPE7. No negative (significantly slower cadences) responses were observed. RER in select trials suggested increased reliance on free fatty acid for CAF in responders. Conclusions Mean results show a mild effect of CAF on cadence selection during RPE production. However, assessing individual results more effectively clarifies ergogenic responses. Future research should identify factors responsible for diverse responses to caffeine during exercise.
The Balance of Work in Initiating Relationship

The initiation of relationships is a relatively neglected topic of investigation within the interdisciplinary field of personal relationships. One aim of this research was to examine the degree to which heterosexual romantic relationships were perceived to be initiated more by one partner versus by both partners mutually. A second aim was to examine dispositional (sex and attachment style) and relational factors (relative interest early in the relationship and current satisfaction) associated with doing the work of relationship initiation. Study 1, which combined several samples of young adults who had been asked about the initiation stage of their relationship, indicated that relationship initiation was generally imbalanced; one partner was perceived as doing more of the work than the other. Further analyses indicated that women were more likely to report that the partner rather than the self was the initiator, but no such difference was found for men. Those with a preoccupied attachment style reported greater degrees of self-initiation. Consistent with Waller’s principle of least interest (e.g., Waller and Hill 1951), greater interest (relative to the partner) was also associated with doing the work of relationship initiation. Participants with balanced relationship initiation reported greater current satisfaction and commitment. In a follow-up study, based on data from both members of 75 couples, moderate agreement between partners was found about who initiated the relationship.
Low power SOAs

We will discuss some strategies for reduced power consumption of semiconductor optical amplifiers. This is important for commercial applications where the SOA needs to be incorporated into a compact low-power module such as for datacenter communications.
Synovial sarcoma of the shoulder: A series of 14 cases

Background and objectives Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with poor long-term prognosis due to late recurrence and metastasis. Synovial sarcoma arises in less than 6% from the shoulder. As a result, there is limited information in the literature about synovial sarcoma of the shoulder (SSS). Methods We included all patients treated for SSS at our institution between 1985 and 2013. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed to collect demographics, information about the clinical course, and outcome. This subgroup was compared to our institution's entire synovial sarcoma patient cohort and the data in the published literature. Results SSS Patients presented most commonly with pain and a growing mass; the majority of tumors were grade 2 and measured greater than 5 cm. 43% (7) of SSS patients developed metastatic disease and 36% (5) had died at a median follow-up of 64 months (36-127); SSS 5-year survival (83.3%) was higher in our series than in the general literature (57-75%). Conclusions We found better prognosis in patients with synovial sarcoma of the shoulder than expected based on the current literature. The clinical behavior of synovial sarcoma in the shoulder is closer to that of synovial sarcoma in the extremities than the trunk. Level of evidence Level IV, Case Series.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Pediatric Patients: A Survey of Clinical Practice

BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use has greatly increased in recent years. In non-neonatal pediatric patients, there are limited data available to guide HFNC use, and clinical practice may vary significantly. The goal of this study was to evaluate current HFNC practice by surveying practicing pediatric respiratory therapists. METHODS: A survey instrument was posted on the American Association for Respiratory Care9s AARConnect online social media platform in March 2017. Paper versions of the survey were also distributed at the annual Children Hospitals Association meeting. RESULTS: There were 63 responses, of which 98% used HFNC. HFNC was defined as any heated gas delivered by nasal cannula by 49% of respondents, whereas 21% defined HFNC as heated gas delivered via nasal cannula at flow greater than or equal to the patient9s inspiratory demand, and 16% defined HFNC as any gas delivered via nasal cannula above predefined thresholds. Initial flow was set per provider orders by 34% of respondents, per respiratory therapist-driven protocol by 28%, per patient weight by 15%, per patient age by 15%; 5% of respondents used other methods. Noninvasive ventilation or CPAP was used by 88% of respondents as the next step for patients who failed HFNC, with 7% opting for intubation and 5% using other interventions. Aerosol therapy was delivered by 75% of respondents during HFNC, with 77% of these respondents delivering aerosol via vibrating mesh nebulizer. During aerosol therapy, 13% of respondents decreased HFNC flow, while 23% removed patients from HFNC. CONCLUSION: There was no consensus on the definition of HFNC, how to set initial flow, or how to make adjustments. Aerosols were delivered by 75% of respondents, predominantly via a vibrating mesh nebulizer placed on the dry side of the humidifier. The definition of HFNC, how to set flow, and aerosolized medication delivery are areas in which more research is needed.
Reasons for emotion and moral motivation

Internalism about normative reasons is the view that an agent’s normative reasons depend on her motivational constitution. On the assumption that there are reasons for emotion I argue that (a) externalism about reasons for emotion entails that all rational agents have reasons to be morally motivated and (b) internalism about reasons for emotion is implausible. If the arguments are sound we can conclude that all rational agents have reasons to be morally motivated. Resisting this conclusion requires either justifying internalism about reasons for emotion in a way hitherto unarticulated or giving up on reasons for emotion altogether.
Oxygen Profile Determination in NIF GDP Capsules Using Contact Radiography

CH capsules, produced with glow discharge plasma coating, pick up oxygen continuously and irreversibly during storage. The added X-ray opacity from this oxygen affects the shock velocity during tar...
Symptom Expression and Somatization Among Elderly Korean Immigrants

In a study of expression of symptoms of somatization, depression, and other biopsychological conditions, 70 elderly Korean immigrants in the greater Washington, D.C., metropolitan area (35 who met the criteria for major depression and 35 who did not meet those criteria) were administered a Korean version of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Subjects who met the criteria for depression had the highest mean score on the BSI somatization dimension compared with other normative samples including a sample of psychiatric inpatients. A factor analysis of data from the BSI showed that for elderly Korean immigrants, a factor of somatization was identified that included the items from the original BSI obsessive-compulsive, somatization, and anxiety dimensions. Items loading on the somatization factor suggest that elderly Korean subjects experience body and mind as a unitary system and tend to communicate the distress associated with old age, cultural adjustment, and family and social changes through somatic symptoms.
Gait Analysis: A Survey

Human walking has been studied extensively by many investigators from various disciplines, including those of anatomy, kinesiology, neurophysiology, and biomechanics. The historical development of this branch of biological science since the pre-Renaissance era has been thoroughly reviewed [1,2,3]. Although gait analysis, or assessment of gait, has been pursued for a long period of time, our knowledge concerning human locomotion is far from complete.
Emotionen, Stress und Gesundheit

Niemand muss Ihnen sagen, dass Ihre Gefuhle Farbe in Ihr Leben bringen, dass sie in angespannten Zeiten Ihr Leben storen oder auch retten konnen. Angst, Wut, Trauer, Freude oder Liebe sind psychologische Zustande, die auch physikalische Reaktionen mit sich bringen.
The -839(A/C) Polymorphism in the ECE1 Isoform b Promoter Associates With Osteoporosis and Fractures.

Context We previously found that variation in a quantitative trait locus, including the gene-encoding endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (Ece1), accounted for 40% of the variance in bone biomechanics and bone mineral density (BMD) in an intercross of recombinant congenic mouse strains. Objective We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the human ECE1 isoform b promoters, at ECE1 b -338(G/T) and ECE1 b -839(A/C), would associate with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Design We genotyped DNA for the ECE1 -338(G/T) and -839(A/C) SNPs. Setting A community medical center. Participants Postmenopausal women (3564) with ≥1 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan ≥60 years of age. Main Outcome Measures BMD, osteoporosis, and clinical fractures. Results In multivariate models controlling for age, weight, healthcare duration, and tobacco, the CC genotype reduced the odds of lifetime fracture (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12, 0.87) and fracture ≥50 years of age (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11, 0.87), whereas the AC genotype increased odds of osteoporosis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02 1.78) relative to the AA genotype. However, when controlling the false-discovery rate, findings were no longer significant. We found no consistent relationship between the ECE1 b -338(G/T) and study outcomes. Conclusions The CC genotype was associated with fewer fractures, whereas the AC genotype was associated with osteoporosis. Our small sample size and few minorities are study limitations. Findings should be tested in another cohort to confirm a link between the ECE1 -839(A/C) SNPs and osteoporosis.
Contagion of Violence Across the Life Course: Phenotypes of Child Maltreatment, Intimate Partner Violence and Elder Abuse in a U.S. Chinese Population

Background: Victims of interpersonal violence might have higher risks of re-experiencing violence, which has been insufficiently examined among the older populations. Even less is known about the interconnectedness among violence phenotypes in minority populations. Method: The study used cross-sectional data collected of 3,157 U.S. Chinese older adults (aged 60 or older) in Chicago to assess phenotypes (psychological, physical/sexual, financial exploitation, caregiver neglect) of child maltreatment (CM), intimate partner violence (IPV), and elder abuse (EA). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine interconnectedness among these relationships. Findings: Prevalence of interpersonal violence was 11·4% for CM (physical/sexual 10·2%, psychological: 2·4%), 6·5% for IPV (psychological: 5·3%, physical/sexual: 2·8%), and 15·2% for EA (caregiver neglect: 11·2%, psychological: 9·8%, financial exploitation: 9·3%, physical/sexual: 1·2%). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, CM psychological was associated with increased risks for IPV psychological (OR 7·60, 95% CI 4·29-13·45), IPV physical/sexual (OR 4·06 CI 1·71-9·63), EA psychological (OR 3·79, 95% CI 2·20-6·51), and EA financial exploitation (OR 2·07, 95% CI 1·12-3·81). CM physical/sexual was associated with increased risks for IPV physical/sexual (OR 1·86, 95% CI 1·02-3·38), EA psychological (OR 1·70, 95% CI 1·20-2·42) and EA financial exploitation (OR 2·38, 95% CI 1·72, 3·30). IPV were associated with increased risks for all EA subtypes except for caregiver neglect. Interpretation: Professionals working with older adults should be informed that a history of interpersonal violence might further predispose one to EA. The cumulative impact of violence should also be considered when providing services or care to violence victims. Funding Statement:The authors declare: "None to report." Declaration of Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest regarding the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Rush University Medical Center.
A boron-doped diamond like carbon coating with high hardness and low friction coefficient

Abstract In this study, boron carbide (B4C) was reactively sputtered with acetylene to form a boron containing diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating. The flow rate of acetylene significantly affects the composition and thus the mechanical behavior of the coating. When optimal acetylene flow rate was used (10 sccm in this study), the coating has a B/C ratio of ∼1% and possesses the high hardness of B4C and the low friction of a DLC in addition to good adhesion with the 52100 steel substrate. It was found that the new coating consisted of nanocrystalline boron carbide precipitates homogeneously distributed in an amorphous hydrocarbon matrix forming a boron-doped a-C:H film. The new coating exhibited wear resistance superior to a commercial W-doped DLC coating currently used on rolling element bearings and gears. The best wear resistance and lowest friction coefficients were obtained in coatings with a B/C ratio of ∼1%.
Effect of infectious disease consultation on mortality and treatment of patients with candida bloodstream infections: a retrospective, cohort study.

Summary Background Candida bloodstream infection is associated with high mortality. Infectious disease consultation improves outcomes in several infections, including Staphylococcus aureus and cryptococcosis, as well as multidrug-resistant organisms. We aimed to examine the association between infectious disease consultation and differences in management with mortality in candida bloodstream infections. Methods In this retrospective, single-centre cohort study, we reviewed the medical charts of all patients admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St Louis, MO, USA), a tertiary referral centre, aged 18 years or older with candida bloodstream infection from 2002 to 2015. We collected data for demographics, comorbidities, predisposing factors, all-cause mortality, antifungal use, central-line removal, and ophthalmological and echocardiographic evaluation to assess 90-day all-cause mortality between individuals with and without an infectious disease consultation. For the survival analysis we used Cox proportional hazards model with inverse weighting by propensity score to assess the effects of infectious disease consultation on mortality and differences in management. Findings Between Jan 1, 2002, and Dec 31, 2015, of 1794 patients assessed for eligibility, we analysed 1691 patients with candida bloodstream infection; 776 (45·9%) who had an infectious disease consultation and 915 (54·1%) who did not have an infectious disease consultation. All 1691 patients were included in the analysis. None were missing data. Most underlying comorbidities were evenly distributed between groups. 90-day mortality was lower in the infectious disease consultation group than in patients who did not receive an infectious disease consultation (29% [222/776] vs 51% [468/915]; p Interpretation Patients with candida bloodstream infection receiving an infectious disease consultation have lower mortality. This finding might be attributable to these individuals receiving a higher number of non-pharmacological, evidence-based interventions and lower amounts of non-treatment. These data suggest that an infectious disease consultation should be an integral part of clinical care of patients with candida bloodstream infection. Funding Astellas Global Development Pharma, Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Stochastic point process models for multi-compartment dendritic-tree input-output transformations in spiking neurons

We extend stochastic point-process generalized linear models (PPGLMs) to the estimation of input-output transformations in dendritic trees and their contribution to the generation of soma action potentials in multi-compartmental models of single neurons. We used simulations of a model enthorinal cortex pyramidal neuron, with known dentritic tree and soma spatial organization, including active compartments defined in terms of standard cable and standard Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Each dendritic compartment (391 total) was endowed with either excitatory (E) or inhibitory (I) synaptic inputs whose strength was randomly specified. We examined the cases of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous spatial distributions for E and I synaptic inputs. The times for synaptic inputs followed a Poisson process with different mean rate regimes varying from 50 to 600 inputs/s. The soma membrane potential received also a background noise in the form of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Our main findings are: (1) Power spectra of soma membrane potentials revealed subthreshold resonances at ~40 Hz and ~80 Hz; (2) The contribution of different dendritic compartments, under the examined input ranges and spatial distributions, depended not only of the dendrite-soma path distance, but also on the number of compartments in the dendritic segment. (3) Estimated conditional intensity functions (CIFs) with PPGLMs successfully predicted spiking activity based on given E-I input times; area under ROC curves computed on test data varied from 0.8 - 0.95. (4) The CIF models identified compartments and regions receiving E-I synaptic inputs; Estimated temporal filters were consistent with dendrite-soma path distances and input weights. We expect this type of PPGLMs to contribute to data-driven identification of input-output transformations in dentritic trees based on single-neuron Ca2+ and voltage indicator imaging data.
A Comparative Characterization of Smart Textile Pressure Sensors

This research study investigates the impact of various insulating textile materials on the performance of smart textile pressure sensors made of conductive threads and piezo resistive material. We designed four sets of identical textile-based pressure sensors each of them integrating a different insulating textile substrate material. Each of these sensors underwent a series of tests that linearly increased and decreased a uniform pressure perpendicular to the surface of the sensors. The controlled change of the integration layer altered the characteristics of the pressure sensors including both the sensitivity and pressure ranges. Our experiments highlighted that the manufacturing design technique of textile material has a significant impact on the sensor; with evidence of reproducibility values directly relating to fabric dimensional stability and elasticity.
Alcohol sensitivity in women after undergoing bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most common bariatric surgeries performed worldwide, increase the risk to develop an alcohol use disorder. This might be due, in part, to surgery-related changes in alcohol pharmacokinetics. Another risk factor, unexplored within this population, is having a reduced subjective response to alcohol’s sedative effects. Objectives To assess whether the alcohol sensitivity questionnaire (ASQ), a simple self-report measure, could pinpoint reduced alcohol sensitivity in the bariatric population. Setting University medical centers in Missouri and Illinois. Methods Women who had RYGB (n = 16), SG (n = 28), or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (n = 11) within the last 5 years completed the ASQ for both pre- and postsurgical timeframes, and 45 of them participated in oral alcohol challenge testing postsurgery. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and subjective stimulation and sedation were measured before and for 3.5 hours after drinking. Results In line with faster and higher peak BACs after RYGB and SG than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (P Conclusions Although RYGB/SG dramatically increased sensitivity to alcohol in all participants, meaningful interindividual differences remained. The ASQ might help identify patients at increased risk to develop an alcohol use disorder after surgery.
The effects of varying concentrations of human platelets and their stored derivatives on the recalcification time of plasma.

Human platelets and their stored, frozen and lyophilized derivatives do not excessively promote coagulation, as indicated by the calcium clotting time. High concentrations of platelet material inhibit coagulation, while dilution to physiologic levels returns the recalcification time to normal values.