cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2621: TNFRSF19 (TROY) promotes glioma cell survival signaling and therapeutic resistance.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system tumor accounting for approximately 40% of all primary malignant brain tumors. The mechanism driving the development and recurrence of GBM is still largely unknown which greatly limits the successful treatment of this disease. The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member TNFRSF19 (TROY) is a type I cell surface receptor protein containing the highly conserved TNFR cysteine-rich motifs in the extracellular domain and a tumor necrosis factor-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) - binding sequence in the cytoplasmic domain. We recently demonstrated that increased expression of TROY stimulated glioma cell migration in vitro and increased cell invasion in an organotypic brain slice model. Conversely, siRNA mediated knockdown of TROY expression inhibited glioma cell migration. In addition, profiling of TROY in brain tumor samples indicated that TROY mRNA expression was significantly increased in GBM samples, directly correlated with increasing glial tumor grade, and inversely correlated with patient outcome suggesting that TROY expression may play a role in GBM invasion and is a good indicator of survival outcome. In the current study, we investigated the role of TROY in therapeutic resistance and survival signaling. We report that TROY protein expression was significantly increased in patient GBM tumor samples with TROY mRNA exhibiting increased expression in the invasive cell population. Aberrant expression of TROY in mouse astrocytes in situ using glial-specific gene transfer in transgenic mice induced astrocyte migration within the brain supporting an important role for TROY in glioma cell migration. Notably, increased TROY expression did not increase cell proliferation but increased resistance of glioma cells to both radiation and temozolomide induced apoptosis while knockdown of TROY increased temozolomide sensitivity. TROY induced resistance to TMZ was dependent upon Akt and NF-κB activation. We also report that TROY induced NF-κB phosphorylation and stimulation of migration required the membrane proximal region of the TROY cytoplasmic domain and that knockdown of TROY expression increased survival in a xenograft model. The current results further support a role for TROY in GBM and suggest that targeting TROY and its signaling pathway represents a potential approach to increase tumor vulnerability and improve the therapeutic response of glioblastoma. Citation Format: Harshil D. Dhruv, Serdar Tuncali, Jean Kloss, Zhongbo Yang, Cassie Schumacher, Bart Williams, Julianna Ross, Nhan Tran, Joseph Loftus. TNFRSF19 (TROY) promotes glioma cell survival signaling and therapeutic resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2621
The homeless and the post-industrial city

Inner-city redevelopments often displace the poor. Based on a case study of conflict over the location of homeless-shelters in Columbus, Ohio, it is argued that recent ‘post-industrial’ developments necessarily expel the homeless and perhaps other types of poor people from the inner city. The homeless pose negative externalities to status-seekers among post-industrial consumers because they threaten the meaning systems through which the latter interpret their lives. In order to sell their commodities, the producers of post-industrial spaces and activities must create a spatially rational city; a city devoid of production and poverty. To the extent that the land-rent mechanism fails to achieve this, politicization of the expulsion of the poor is likely. Locational conflict provides a vehicle for advocates to press for public action on behalf of the homeless.
Non-linear free vibration of a cable against a straight obstacle

Abstract The goal of this study was to show how the response of a cable was altered after it impacted a straight obstacle. The two ends of the cable were held at the same level, and the cable was initially vibrating at its first symmetric mode. The free vibration of a cable depends on the amplitude of vibration, the sag-to-span ratio, and the ratio of the elastic to geometric stiffness as measured by Irvine and Caughey's cable parameter λ 2 . How these variables affected the response of a cable interacting with a straight obstacle was examined for three limiting cases: a nearly taut string, an extensible shallow-sag cable, and an inextensible deep-sag cable. For a nearly taut string interacting with a straight obstacle in the absence of gravity, the periodicity that occurs for a linear taut string was preserved even when the amplitude of vibration was large. However, the frequency of vibration was modified due to the non-linear effects of large amplitudes. The periodicity was lost if the cable was not taut both in the presence and in the absence of gravity. For the case of a nearly taut string with gravity, the periodicity could be recovered if the obstacle assumed the shape of the equilibrium configuration of the cable. This was because the obstacle no longer behaved as a straight obstacle but as a convex obstacle whose radius of curvature decreased with decreasing amplitude-to-sag ratio. The behavior approached that of a point obstacle in the limit. Shallow-sag cables were analyzed by keeping the amplitude-to-sag ratio constant so that the obstacle behaved in a consistent manner. Comparison of our findings with the results of Irvine and Caughey for the free vibrations of a cable in air showed that the relative frequency based on the time to the first contact was not affected by the presence of the obstacle for all values of λ 2 . However, the relative frequency based on the time between the first two contacts was slightly reduced when compared to the values corresponding to a non-interacting cable. This was attributed to the longer persistent contact that developed between the cable and the obstacle. Similar results were found for an inextensible deep-sag cable with various sag-to-span ratios. In both cases of shallow- and deep-sag cables, the ratio of the initial amplitude to the distance between the cable and the obstacle had a minimal effect on the reduction in the relative frequency.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of biarylcarboxamide bis-aminopyrrolidine urea derived small-molecule antagonists of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCH-R1).

Abstract A novel series of bis-aminopyrrolidine ureas containing either a 4-biphenylcarboxmide or 5-phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide group have been identified as potent and functional antagonists of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1. Syntheses and SAR are described, which led to the discovery of compounds with high binding affinity (Ki = 1 nM) for the receptor. Preliminary in vitro metabolic stability data are also reported for key compounds.
Biophysical Characterization of the TraY Protein ofEscherichia coli F Factor

Abstract The TraY protein is required for efficient bacterial conjugation by Escherichia coli F factor. TraY has two functional roles: participating in the “relaxosome,” a protein-DNA complex that nicks one strand of the F factor plasmid, and up-regulating transcription from the traYI promoter. ThetraY gene was cloned, and the TraY protein was expressed, purified, and characterized. TraY has a mixed α-helix and β-sheet secondary structure as judged by its circular dichroism spectrum, is monomeric, and undergoes reversible urea denaturation with ΔG u = 6 kcal/mol at 25 °C. The kinetics of protein unfolding and refolding, as measured by changes in fluorescence, are complex, suggesting the presence of intermediates or of heterogeneity in the folding reaction. TraY has been classified as a member of the ribbon-helix-helix family of transcription factors but is unusual in appearing to have tandem repeats of the βαα motif in the same polypeptide chain. The data presented here show that folding and assembly of the functional (βαα)2 unit occurs as an intramolecular reaction and not by cross-folding between different polypeptide chains.
A general 3–4–5 puzzle

Abstract We note that a theorem in distance geometry can be used to solve a general version of the 3-4-5 puzzle inRn.We extend Eve's observations about the pointPand the circumcircle of a solution to the equilateral triangle case to this general case. Geometry is used to anticipate algebraic detail. Geometry is also used to interpret Klamkin's simultaneous triangle inequality.
Risperidone treatment for juvenile bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review

ABSTRACT Objective To Investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of the atypical neuroleptic risperidone in the treatment of juvenile mania. Method This is a retrospective chart review of outpatients with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder ( DSM-IV ) treated with risperidone at a university center. Response to treatment was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) with separate assessments of mania, psychosis, aggression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results Twenty-eight youths (mean SD age, 10.4 3.8 years) with bipolar disorder (25 mixed and 3 hypomanic) who had been treated with risperidone were identified. These children received a mean dose of 1.7 1.3 mg over an average period of 6.1 8.5 months. Using a CGI Improvement score of ≤2 (very much/much improved) to define robust improvement, 82% showed improvement in both their manic and aggressive symptoms, 69% in psychotic symptoms, but only 8% in ADHD symptoms. Conclusions Although limited by its retrospective nature, this study suggests that risperidone may be effective in the treatment of maric young people and indicates the need for controlled clinical trials of risperidone and other atypical neuroleptics in juvenile mania. J.Am.Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1999, 38(8):960–965.
Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve in aging

The concept of reserve arose from the mismatch between the extent of brain changes or pathology and the clinical manifestations of these brain changes. The cognitive reserve hypothesis posits that individual differences in the flexibility and adaptability of brain networks underlying cognitive function may allow some people to cope better with brain changes than others. Although there is ample epidemiologic evidence for cognitive reserve, the neural substrate of reserve is still a topic of ongoing research. Here we review some representative studies from our group that exemplify possibilities for the neural substrate of reserve including neural reserve, neural compensation, and generalized cognitive reserve networks. We also present a schematic overview of our ongoing research in this area. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Imaging Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative disease.
Engineering in wartime

Our engineers and laboratory workers are pointing the way toward the salvation, conservation, and replacement of critical materials needed for war production, says this industrial engineer. Through their developments the quality of American industry's products has not suffered, and many lessons that will be useful in peacetime have been learned.
Degree of Esterification of Pectins Determined by Photoacoustic Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Photoacoustic near infrared absorption of powdery pectins was used to determine the degree of esterification by measuring the wavelength shift of an absorption peak of pectins relative to polygalacturonic acid. The 2σ standard deviation of the degree of esterification by this method was 1.7%.
An intraluminal surgical approach to the management of gastric bezoars

Trichobezoars are difficult to remove endoscopically, often cause nausea and vomiting, and can result in small-bowel obstruction. A patient with a trichobezoar presented to our clinic with symptoms of partial small-bowel obstruction. Multiple attempts at flexible endoscopic removal were unsuccessful. Two large-diameter percutaneous gastrostomies with an inflatable balloon and distal foam-rubber stent to assure intragastric positioning were introduced under general anesthesia. Visualization was provided by a 0° panavision laparoscope placed through one of the gastrostomies. The bezoar was removed through the second gastrostomy using standard laparoscopic instruments. The patient made an uneventful recovery. This is the first reported case of percutaneous removal of a trichobezoar. We conclude large-diameter gastrostomies may serve as a port of access for numerous other intraluminal procedures.
Remembering together: Rhetorical integration and the case of the Martin Luther King, Jr. memorial

This essay explores the extent to which memorials that are connected with issues of national conflict can lead to the construction of shared memories or fictions of the past. In contrast to recent critical analyses that have focused on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, this study analyzes a Civil‐Bights related memorial—the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial in Atlanta—through the development and application of the concept of “rhetorical integration.” The findings demonstrate that even though rhetorical integration is elusive, memorials can, through aspects of form, function, symbolism and location, provide space, motivation and inventional resources for continued engagement.
On data retrieval from unambiguous bit matrices

Algorithms to check whether a bit matrix is unambiguous or a sum set is unique are given. Let an unambiguous bit matrixZ be represented by its row sums and column sums. An efficient algorithm is developed to reconstruct only those rows ofZ satisfying the conditions specified by a given data retrieval descriptor. This algorithm illustrates that using unambiguous bit matrices as data files is desirable not only for the purpose of data compression but also for the purpose of fast data retrieval.
Beam-foil spectra for 15–160 MeV Zr at wavelengths from 6–60 nm

Abstract Beam-foil spectra have been measured for zirconium beams at 15, 22, 50, 78, 140, and 160 MeV corresponding to calculated mean charge states of 11, 13, 18, 21, 25, and 26, respectively. The spectra for XUV radiation (6–60 nm) are compared with similar results obtained from other experiments.
Geographic access to cancer care in the U.S.

BACKGROUND Although access to cancer care is known to influence patient outcomes, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding geographic access to cancer care, and how it may vary by population characteristics. This study estimated travel time to specialized cancer care settings for the continental U.S. population and calculated per capita oncologist supply. METHODS The closest travel times were estimated using a network analysis of the road distance weighted by travel speeds from the population or geographic centroid of every ZIP area in the continental U.S. to that of the nearest cancer care setting under consideration: National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Cancer Centers, academic medical centers, and oncologists. Alaska and Hawaii were excluded because travel in these states is often not road-based. Population and geographic characteristics including race/ethnicity, income, education, and region were derived from U.S. Census 2000 data and from rural-urban commuting area classifications. Oncologist supply per 100,000 residents in Hospital Referral Regions (pHRRs) was estimated by region. RESULTS Travel times of ≤1 hour were estimated for 45.2% of the population to the nearest NCI Cancer Center, 69.4% to the nearest academic-based care, and 91.8% to any specialized cancer care. Native Americans, nonurban dwellers, and residents in the South had the longest travel times to the nearest NCI Cancer Center compared with the overall U.S. population (median [interquartile range (IQR)] in minutes: 155 [62–308], 173 [111–257], and 164 [70–272], vs 78 [27–172], respectively). Travel burdens persisted for Native Americans and nonurban populations across all 3 cancer care settings. For all population strata, travel times markedly increased as the degree of cancer care specialization increased. The median oncologist supply for pHRRs was 2.83 per 100,000 individuals. CONCLUSIONS There are population groups with limited access to the most specialized cancer care settings. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
A Patient Food Service Representative Means Personalized Service and a Lower Bottom Line

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe the benefits of a patient representative in hospital food service. To effectively coordinate all aspects of patient meal service, a unique staff position was designed. The patient food service representative coordinates the flow of information concerning diet orders and food needs among clinical dietitians, nursing staff, patients/families, and food preparation areas. Job tasks include processing diet orders, delivering and retrieving trays, marking menus (including simple modified diets) with patients/families, preparing and delivering late items, and calculating food intakes for calorie counts. Carrying a beeper, the patient rep maintains an up-to-the-moment account of each patient's diet. Benefits realized in the past 6 years include feedback to the clinical dietitians concerning diet and feeding problems, and personalized customer service via a direct response to patient food preferences. Quality assurance monitors indicate proper food temperatures are maintained and missing tray items are less than 1%. Reduction of late trays to only 12%, and near elimination of lost trays has saved the department $76,000 annually. Nursing time in tray delivery was eliminated, and phone calls from nursing to food service have been reduced by 95% for additional savings of $47,000 annually. The patient rep provides the department with a visible, respected representative who is easily accessible to patients/families and clinical staff. In addition, having established such a system positions the department for a direct role in patient focused care.
Hiring for Student Success: A Perspective from Community College Presidents.

Community colleges must ensure that the hiring process reflects the desired outcome by first defining student success and then allowing the definition and description to guide all steps of the hiring process while avoiding pitfalls along the way.
Changes in the Age Structure of Nearshore Adult Red Drum off West-Central Florida Related to Recruitment and Fishing Mortality

Abstract We examined the age structure of a population of adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in the eastern Gulf of Mexico to determine whether management-mediated changes in juvenile and subadult survival rates during the mid-1980s are now evident in the population's age structure. During 1996–1998, we sampled 908 adult red drum from seven different schools; six schools were sampled during September–October, and one was sampled during February. No significant difference was detected in year-class frequencies between schools. Red drum ranged in total length from 685 to 1,085 mm and in age from 3 to 29 years. Strong year-classes in 1986 and 1989 and weaker year-classes in 1987 and 1988 were observed in all samples. The increased abundance of adult red drum in observed age distributions correlated well with the abrupt decrease in juvenile red drum harvest in Florida that occurred during the mid- to late 1980s. Ever since the red drum harvest was reduced, the strong year-classes detected through age-0 sampli...
Perspectives of Pulmonologists on the 2009-2010 H1N1 Vaccination Effort.

Persons with high-risk conditions such as asthma were a target group for H1N1 vaccine recommendations. We conducted a mailed survey of a national sample of pulmonologists to understand their participation in the 2009-2010 H1N1 vaccine campaign. The response rate was 59%. The majority of pulmonologists strongly recommended H1N1 vaccine for children (73%) and adults aged 25–64 years (51%). Only 60% of respondents administered H1N1 vaccine in their practice compared to 87% who offered seasonal influenza vaccine. Other than vaccine supply, respondents who provided H1N1 vaccine reported few logistical problems. Two-thirds of respondents would be very likely to vaccinate during a future influenza pandemic; this rate was higher among those who provided H1N1 vaccine and/or seasonal flu vaccine. In total, the H1N1 vaccine-related experiences of pulmonologists seemed to be positive. However, additional efforts are needed to increase participation in future pandemic vaccination campaigns.
FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATES BEHAVE LIKE HOMOGENEOUS PLATES

In recent years many articles concerned with the mechanics of functionally graded plates have been published. Usually new analysis methods are developed to handle the continuous variation in material properties through the thickness of the plate and extensive results are presented. This article shows that no special tools are required because functionally graded plates behave like homogeneous plates. This simple result is developed using the classical plate theory and is shown to hold true when higher order plate theories or the three dimensional elasticity theory is used. The variation in material properties through the thickness of the plate introduces a coupling between the inplane and bending deformations which complicates the analysis. Here we show that by a proper choice of the reference surface, this coupling can be eliminated so that the bending of the plate is governed by the same equation of motion as that of homogeneous plates.
THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND SALT EFFECTS UPON THE ACID HYDROLYSIS OF ETHYL FORMATE

Abstract The hydrolysis of ethyl formate catalysed by hydrochloric acid was studied at three temperatures in water-acetone media and in water media containing different concentrations of sodium nitrate. The effect of various ionic strengths and dielectric constants upon the rate of acid hydrolysis of ethyl formate is presented from the point of electrostatics and the results were compared to like effects upon the acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate and methyl propionate. Neither the dielectric constant effect nor the salt effect lends itself readily to theoretical interpretation. It was assumed that a partial explanation of these anomalous results might be in the extrapolation of the acid radical to the simplest carboxylic acid. This suggestion was supported somewhat by the trends towards less adherance to the electrostatic theory at certain temperatures in the series methyl propionate, ethyl acetate and ethyl formate.
Dimethylarsine and Trimethylarsine Are Potent Genotoxins In Vitro

The mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis is unclear. A complicating factor receiving increasing attention is that arsenic is biomethylated to form various metabolites. Eleven different arsenicals were studied for in vitro genotoxicity to supercoiled DNA (pBR 322 and phiX174). Five arsenicals showed various degrees of positivity-monomethylarsonous acid, dimethylarsinous acid, monomethylarsine, dimethylarsine, and trimethylarsine. Supercoiled DNA, blotted on nitrocellulose filter paper, was exposed to gaseous arsines by suspending the filter paper above aqueous reaction mixtures of sodium borohydride and an appropriate arsenical. All three methylated arsines damaged DNA; inorganic arsine did not. Arsines were generated in situ in reaction mixtures containing DNA by reaction of sodium borohydride with arsenite, monomethylarsonous acid, dimethylarsinous acid, and trimethylarsine oxide, at pH 8.0. Both dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine (generated from 200 micro M dimethylarsinous acid and trimethylarsine oxide, respectively) damaged DNA in less than 30 min. Under certain conditions, the two most potent genotoxic arsines, trimethylarsine and dimethylarsine, are about 100 times more potent than dimethylarsinous acid (the most potent genotoxic arsenical previously known). There was no evidence to suggest that anything other than the arsines caused the DNA damage. Possible models for the biological production of arsines were examined. The coenzymes, NADH and NADPH, are biological hydride donors. When NADH or NADPH (5 mM) were incubated with dimethylarsinous acid (0-2 mM) for 2 h, DNA damage was increased by at least 10-fold. A possible explanation for this result is that these compounds react with dimethylarsinous acid to generate dimethylarsine. DNA was incubated with a dithiol compound, dithioerythritol (5 mM), and trimethylarsine oxide (0.5 mM) for 2 h, and the reduction of trimethylarsine oxide to trimethylarsine resulted in DNA damage.
Errors in the solution of integral equations

Abstract A novel method is developed for the solution of integral equations.An analytic solution is obtained by exponential approximation of the kernel; and to this solution is added the solution of an auxiliary integral equation. Since the auxiliary equation deals with magnitudes that are only a few per cent of the original quantities, a crude numerical solution of the auxiliary equation is satisfactory. In fact, sufficient accuracy is obtained in many engineering applications by ignoring the auxiliary equation completely: all that is then needed is an indication of the maximum error caused by approximating the kernel. Simple equations are derived for the magnitude of this error. The results are applied to interflections in cylindrical blackbodies, and the errors are evaluated for previous solutions of the problem by Buckley and by Yamauti.
Evolution of Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B: Progressing from the Simple to the Complex

In this issue, Chan and colleagues tested telbivudine alone, adefovir alone, and adefovir followed by telbivudine in 135 hepatitis B e antigen–positive patients. Their 24-week results more accurate...
The Sociology of Music: A Perspective:

The author contends that it is necessary, though difficult, to discuss art in the language and concepts of science. The alternative is to rationalize art in mythological and metaphysical terms, as did the Greeks as well as the romanticists of the nineteenth century. Believing that this is not satisfactory today in our present scientific temper, the author presents here a "perspective" of the function of the social sciences in carrying out this function.
BRAIN WATER AND ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION DURING THE INHALATION OF HALOTHANE

The brain concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl−, water content and total brain osmolality were measured in six normocapnic dogs under pentobarbitone narcosis (30 mg kg-1). These studies were repeated in six additional dogs after exposure for 1 h to the inhalation of halothane 1% (end-tidal); there was an increase (P
Linker-free quantum dot sensitized TiO2 photoelectrochemical cells

Abstract Aerosol based techniques were used to characterize and deposit quantum dots (QDs). Using an electrospray-assisted characterization technique, the mobility diameter of CdSe QDs was successfully measured in real-time. The electrospray technique was also used to deposit CdSe QDs onto nanostructured TiO 2 films. Compared to conventional methodologies such as dip coating with linker-containing molecules or chemical bath deposition, an electrospray system enabled uniform deposition of QDs over the nanostructured TiO 2 surface in a short processing time. As-deposited films were annealed to enhance binding between the QDs and TiO 2 surface. These QD-decorated TiO 2 films were used in photoelectrochemical cells, for which the photoenergy conversion efficiencies were tested. Optimization of the deposition time of the QDs resulted in increased efficiencies. Multiple layers of QDs caused a decrease in energy-conversion efficiency, likely due to inhibition of the transportation of photogenerated electrons into the TiO 2 structure. The energy-conversion efficiency trends were supported by time-resolved photoluminescence decay data.
Influence of martensite content on the hydrogen embrittlement of dual-phase steels

Influence de la grosseur de grain et de la proportion de martensite dans des aciers faiblement allies au molybdene ou au silicium et trempes entre 760 et 840 avec des proportions de 10 a 30% de martensite, sur la fragilite a l'hydrogene
Development of the male reproductive system and sexual transformation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Abstract The small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is usually found as a hermaphrodite, but occasionally true males appear in the population. This study provides an account of gonadogenesis in the normal male and in a mutant that is a temperature-sensitive sex transformer. Male and hermaphrodite gonads develop from morphologically identical primordia. The small primordial gonad lies on the ventral side of the worm in the coelomic cavity. The gonadial primordium contains four nuclei at parturition. As this primordium develops in a hermaphrodite, it produces a double-armed, mirror symmetrical gonad that produces first sperm and then eggs. In the male, however, this primordium develops into an asymmetrical structure composed of a ventrally located testis, a loop region, a seminal vesicle, and a vas deferens. The male gonad presents a linear sequence of nuclei in successive stages of spermatogenesis beginning with a mitotic region in the testis, followed by clearly distinguishable stages of meiosis throughout the loop region to the seminal vesicle. A temperature-sensitive sex transformer mutant, tsB202, has been isolated. tsB202 carries an autosomal recessive mutation in linkage group II that at restrictive temperature transforms an XX hermaphrodite into a phenotypic male, complete with a normal male gonad and vestigial external genitalia. These transformed males are classified as pseudomales because they do not exhibit mating behavior. Temperature shift experiments have determined the specific temporal sequences of gonadogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Proper manipulation of the temperature regimen causes the production of intersexes. In one intersex, a male gonad complete with sperm, seminal vesicle, and vas deferens also contains oocytes. In another intersex produced by the complementary temperature shift, a hermaphrodite-shaped gonad develops that produces only sperm and no oocytes.
Cluster Analysis of Psychogeriatric Characteristics and Service Use Among Rural Elders

In developing models of psychiatric service delivery, nurses must be able to target groups on the basis of their health status and service needs. This investigation attempted to develop profiles of rural elderly, a significant risk population, by subjecting data on the psychogeriatric nursing status and health services utilization of 125 subjects to cluster-analytic methods. The cluster analysis yielded a three-cluster model: Cluster 1 (n = 39) predominantly comprised unmarried women in moderate health, but with a high degree of health service utilization; Cluster 2 (n = 53) had rural elders with moderate physical impairments, self-perceptions of poor health, and moderate health service utilization; and Cluster 3 (n = 33) comprised elders with severe cognitive and physical impairments and high health service utilization. Cluster 2 subjects were judged to be mild users of services because they were younger and married without a regular source of health care. Because subjects in Cluster I tended to be unmar...
Transfer reactions in scattering of complex nuclei

Abstract Nuclear reactions in which a particle or a cluster is transferred at energies well above the Coulomb barrier during the collisions are described in an analytic way using the smooth cut-off diffraction model and an expression for the differential cross-section is obtained. The theoretical prediction is compared with a few representative experimental results.
Correction of the sample weight in hermetically sealed DSC pans

The weight of a DSC sample is routinely determined as the difference between the weight of the pan containing the sample and the empty pan. If the sample is sensitive to atmospheric moisture, weighing is usually performed after sealing the pan. However, we have observed that sealing induced changes in the measured weight of the pan when aluminum DSC pans were hermetically sealed with a Perkin-Elmer Volatile Sealer Assembly. The difference between the weight of sealed and non-sealed DSC pans was about 10 μg and independent of the presence of a sample in the DSC pan. Correction for this difference is important in applications that require precise weights of DSC samples.
A Theological Response to ‘The Case for a Pre-emptive Strike’

In his article, ‘Saddam Hussein, Islam, and Just War Theory: The Case for a Pre-emptive Strike’, Stephen Strehle argues that pre-emptive strikes are necessary when national survival is at stake, and suggests that this is precisely the case in the world today. Further, he depends on a model of church/state relations that encourages the church to passively submit to the authority of the state, and remain silent in matters of criticism. Finally, he assumes throughout his argument that Christian and Western values are both superior and desirable for peoples throughout the world. These three themes will be challenged in this theological response that suggests that it is the duty of free people to question their leaders, it is the responsibility of the church to challenge the state, and it is the challenge of social privilege to empower other peoples.
Mineral nutrition and seasonal movements of African migratory ungulates.

TWO distinct foraging behaviours differentiate Africa's grazing ungulates1–3: over the wet–dry season cycle resident herds occupy seasonally stable and spatially restricted home ranges and migratory herds move over vast geographical regions, using different areas in different seasons. Migratory herds dominate animal biomass wherever they occur4. Some migrants congregate around permanent water sources in the dry season and disperse to drier habitats in the wet season5; others travel along rainfall gradients, concentrating in areas of low annual rainfall in the wet season and moving to areas of higher rainfall as the dry season advances4. The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is typical of the latter type of ecosystem6; migratory grazers there select drier localities in the wet season, despite the fact that forage production rates and drinking water supplies are high everywhere. These migrations could be explained by the animals' avoidance of muddy, sticky soils7, general forage-quality properties8, by calcium requirementsof lactating females9 and by avoidance of woodland habitats with greater predation risk10. Resident grazers are concentrated in localities supporting grasses with mineral contents more capable of meeting dietary requirements than forages in nearby, little-used grasslands11. I now present evidence that seasonal movements of migratory grazers in the Serengeti ecosystem are also related to grass mineral content. Particularly important, based on forage concentrations and animal requirements12, are Ca, Cu, N, Na, Zn and also, for lactating females and growing young, Mg, P and Ca/P balance.
Exfoliating colitis associated with enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in a piglet.

Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative, non-sporeforming, obligately anaerobic bacterium found in high numbers in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Some isolates of B. fragilis elaborate enterotoxin, which causes fluid accumulation in ligated intestinal loops of calves and lambs. Enterotoxigenic isolates of B. fragilis have been associated with diarrhea1 diseases in calves, lambs, pigs, foals, and humans. Characteristic large intestinal lesions are seen in rabbits and gnotobiotic piglets (Duimstra JR, Collins JE, Myers LL, Benfield DA: 1986, Abstr Conf Res Workers Anim Dis #285, p. 50) experimentally inoculated with human or porcine isolates of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis. Intestinal lesions associated with enterotoxigenic B. fragilis in animals with naturally occurring diarrhea1 disease have not been documented. In this report we describe colonic lesions associated with enterotoxigenic B. fragilis in a piglet with spontaneous diarrhea. An 80-sow swine herd in southeastern Minnesota experienced an epizootic of diarrhea in 2to 17-day-old Yorkshire-Landrace cross piglets. Piglets were kept on plasticcoated wire in raised crates. The breeding herd contained approximately one-third gilts and two-thirds second parity sows. Approximately 90% of the piglets in 13 of 15 litters were diarrheic during a 2-week period; mortality was negligible. A few litters of piglets failed to gain weight and were stunted, but most piglets continued to consume milk and gain weight. A live, robust, well-hydrated, 8-day-old piglet presented for necropsy excreted thick yellow feces at frequent intervals. Necropsy revealed clear edema fluid in the mesentery of the spiral colon, and soft yellow feces adhered to the colonic mucosa. Mesenteric lymphatics contained chyle, and the small intestine did not have lesions. Portions of small and large intestine were immersed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4 μm thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gram, and Warthin-Starry stains. Microscopically, the colon mucosa between crypt openings had severe exfoliation of surface mucosal enterocytes (Fig. 1). Clusters of enterocytes often remained attached to the mucosa by a
The effects of gender on quadriceps muscle activation strategies during a maneuver that mimics a high ACL injury risk position.

Abstract While the increased incidence of serious knee injuries in female athletes is well established, the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms related to the elevated ACL injury rate has yet to be delineated. Video analysis of ACL injury during competitive sports play indicates a common body position associated with non-contact ACL injury; the tibia is externally rotated, the knee is close to full extension, the foot is planted and as the limb is decelerated it collapses into valgus. The purpose of the current prospective study was to evaluate gender differences in quadriceps muscle activation strategies when performing a physically challenging, but reproducible maneuver that mimics the high ACL injury risk position (in the absence of high velocity and high loads). Twenty physically active college-aged subjects (10 male and 10 female) performed multiple sets of the prescribed exercise. EMG recordings were employed to measure the ratio of activation between the medial and lateral quadriceps during the 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20th sets of exercise. Females demonstrated decreased RMS medial-to-lateral quadriceps ratios compared to males ( F (1,18)=5.88, p =0.026). There was no main effect of set number on RMS quadriceps ratio ( p >0.05). The results of this study suggest that females utilize neuromuscular activation strategies which may contribute to "dynamic valgus" and ACL rupture when performing high-risk maneuvers.
Pinning of grain boundaries by deformable particles

Interaction between a grain boundary and deformable particles has been modeled. It is shown that deformable particles pin the grain boundaries more effectively than rigid spherical particles. The required driving force to unpin a grain boundary increases with decreasing the interphase energy of the deformable particle. Deformable particles also reduce the rate of grain-boundary migration more effectively than rigid spherical particles. The rate of grain boundary migration decreases with the interphase energy of the deformable particle. The model allows the shape of a deformable particle to be determined as the particle is dragged by a grain boundary. The particle shape allows prediction of the force acting on the particle.
No parking!: (and other library technology quandaries)

How do library systems staff members handle the challenging environment of student use of computers in academic libraries? "Parking" at computers, laptop bandits, tracking computer usage and remotely assessing current computer availability are just a few of the technology related issues that systems staff and librarians wrestle with each day. This presentation will present some creative, home-grown solutions to thorny technology issues that have worked for us and may for you as well.
Cranial Sutures and Bones: Growth and Fusion in Relation to Masticatory Strain

Cranial bones and sutures are mechanically loaded during mastication. Their response to masticatory strain, however, is largely unknown, especially in the context of age change. Using strain gages, this study investigated masticatory strain in the posterior interfrontal and the anterior interparietal sutures and their adjacent bones in 3- and 7-month-old miniature swine (Sus scrofa). Double-fluorochrome labeling of these animals and an additional 5-month group was used to reveal suture and bone growth as well as features of suture morphology and fusion. With increasing age, the posterior interfrontal suture strain decreased in magnitude and changed in pattern from pure compression to both compression and tension, whereas the interparietal suture remained in tension and the magnitude increased unless the suture was fused. Morphologically, the posterior interfrontal suture was highly interdigitated at 3 months and then lost interdigitation ectocranially in older pigs, whereas the anterior interparietal suture remained butt-ended. Mineralization apposition rate (MAR) decreased with age in both sutures and was unrelated to strain. Bone mineralization was most vigorous on the ectocranial surface of the frontal and the parietal bones. Unlike the sutures, with age bone strain remained constant while bone MARs significantly increased and were correlated with bone thickness. Fusion had occurred in the interparietal suture of some pigs. In all cases fusion was ectocranial rather than endocranial. Fusion appeared to be associated with increased suture strain and enhanced bone growth on the ectocranial surface. Collectively, these results indicate that age is an important factor for strain and growth of the cranium. .
Determination of some chemical and microbiological characteristics of Kaymak

Kaymak is a kind of concentrated cream, which is traditionally manufactured from buffalo or cow’s milk in Turkey. It is generally consumed with honey at breakfast and some traditional Turkish desserts. The aim of this study was to determine some chemical and microbiological properties of kaymak. The samples were obtained from different dairy plants producing kaymak from cow’s milk and local markets located in Zmir. They were examined for total solids and fat contents, acidity, pH and peroxide values, as well as counts of coliform bacteria, E. coli , yeast and moulds, and Staphylococci. Chemical characteristics of the samples were generally favorable for Turkish Food Codex. However, microbiological properties of some samples were very poor. Careful considerations should be given by the kaymak industry during manufacturing and storage of the product.
Thermodynamic modeling of metal-ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Co2+-citrate and Ni2+-citrate systems

Abstract The complexation of Co(II) and Ni(II) by citrate in 0.3–5 m NaCl solutions has been investigated. The stability constants for CoCit − and NiCit − were measured as a function of NaCl concentration using a solvent extraction method with HDEHP in toluene. The stability constants for both complexes decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations up to 5 m. The data were modeled using the ion-interaction formalism developed by Pitzer. The dimensionless standard chemical potentials for the CoCit − and NiCit − complexes were calculated to be −2.561 and −0.697, respectively. Binary interaction parameters calculated in this work were β (0) =−0.2249 and C ϕ =0.0539 for NiCit − and Na + interactions and β (0) =−0.5407 and C ϕ =0.1354 for CoCit − and Na + interactions. Because of limited data, the β (1) value for both CoCit − and NiCit − with Na + was fixed at an average value of 0.29 which was obtained by averaging 1–1 interactions for other carboxylic acid salts. Higher order interaction parameters were not required to model the data.
Superlattices formed by interaction of hydrogen iodide with Pt(111) and Pt(100) studied by LEED, Auger and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy

Abstract HI reacts dissociatively with Pt (100) and (111) surfaces to form gaseous H 2 and I-atom adsorbed layer structures identified as Pt (100)[ c (2 × 4)]- I (θ = 0.25 I-atom per surface Pt-atom), rings (0.34 ≤ θ Pt (100)[ c (2√2 × N √2)] R 45° − I (0.43 ≤ θ Pt (100) [ c (2√2 × √2)] R 45° − I ( θ = 0.50), Pt (111)(√3 × √3) R 30° − I ( θ = 0.33) and Pt (111)(√7 × √7) R 19.1° − I ( θ = 0.43). Each structure consists of an hexagonal array of I atoms, with slight distortion in some cases for best fit with the substrate. Quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy confirms coverages inferred from LEED. Thermal desorption mass spectroscopy reveals prominent rate maxima at 738 and 985 K, associated with desorption from the Pt (100) [ c (2√2 × √2)] R 45° − I and Pt (100)[ c (2 × 4)] − I structures, respectively, while the Pt(111) structures yield a small peak and a broad continuum. Atomic iodine is the predominant thermal desorption product for θ ≤ 0.50.
Health conditions among aging narcotics addicts: medical examination results.

The study examined health conditions among an aging cohort of male narcotics addicts. This prospective cohort study (1964–1998) included interviews and medical testing for 108 surviving subjects who had been admitted to the California Civil Addict Program during the years 1962 through 1964. Medical testing results were: 51.9% had high blood pressure, 22.4% showed hyperlipidemia, 13.3% had elevated levels of blood glucose, 33.6% had abnormal pulmonary function, half of the sample had abnormal liver function, and 94.2% tested positive for hepatitis C, 85.6% for hepatitis B, 3.8% for syphilis, and 27.3% for TB. The study empirically demonstrated poor health conditions and high morbidity among surviving narcotics addicts.
A relatively optimistic analysis of growth and pollution in a neoclassical framework

Abstract A series of neoclassical growth models, allowing for the fact that the production process results in pollution creation as well as useful output, is constructed and analyzed, placing particular emphasis on the role of technical progress. It is seen that firms not subject to pollution control are motivated to create an ever more polluting technology, but with control adequate technical progress allows exponential growth of per capita income with constant (or improving) environmental quality. If both limiting emissions and augmenting the absorptive capacity of the environment are available for pollution control, the marginal productivities of the two methods should be equalized.
Calorimetric Investigation of Spin-Glass Ordering in CuMn

New measurements near T/sub sg/ characterize the heat-capacity anomaly associated with spin-glass ordering. There are no discontinuities in the heat capacity or its temperature or field derivatives but there is a relatively sharp anomaly in the field derivative and a broad anomaly in the temperature derivative. A failure of thermodynamics to predict correctly the relation between heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility may be a manifestation of the ''nonergodic'' behavior of disordered systems.
Cerebrally lateralized epileptogenic foci and performance on a verbal and visual-graphic learning task.

A set of verbal and visual-graphic learning tasks sensitive to differential cerebral hemisphere impairment was administered to 50 patients with epileptogenic focus localized in either the left or tight cerebral hemisphere. Patients with left-hemisphere seizure-foci and those with generalized seizures performed the verbal task significantly more poorly than did patients with right-hemisphere epileptogenic foci. In contrast, there were no significant differences between groups on the non-verbal tasks. Results are discussed in light of findings in the literature relating cognitive dysfunction to epilepsy and with regard to the possible contribution of such dysfunction to patients' complaints.
Increased α1D adrenergic receptor activity and protein expression in the urinary bladder of aged rats

Objectives A possibility that aging affects (a) expression of the α1D-adrenergic receptor (AR1D), (b) AR1D-mediated contractions and (c) sympathetic innervation in the urinary bladder in rats was studied.