cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Latecomer CD8 T Cells Are Imprinted with a Unique Differentiation Program

Factors that influence T cell responses, such as Ag load, APCs, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines, dramatically change during the course of an immune response. We observed that antiviral CD8 T cells were not recruited from circulation simultaneously, but over a period of 3–4 days. Consequently, locally resident T cells and those that entered secondary lymphoid tissue later were primed in very different environments. The cells recruited later in the response were imprinted with a unique differentiation program, such that their magnitude of proliferation was reduced and their kinetics of expansion was delayed. In addition, we found that the “latecomer” CD8 T cells displayed a unique surface phenotype indicative of reduced stimulation but were not preferentially recruited into the surviving pool of memory cells. This finding demonstrates that the timing of recruitment of individual T cell clones determines the population dynamics of the subsequent immune response.
Wnt signaling during Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic development.

Wnt signaling has been demonstrated to regulate diverse cell processes throughout the development of the C. elegans embryo. Here we describe methods that have been used to investigate some of these Wnt dependent processes; endoderm specification, mitotic spindle orientation and cell migration.
A Regression from the New York Convention: Questions Raised by Thomas v. Carnival Corp.

This Note analyzes the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals's decision in Thomas v. Carnival Corp. 573 F.3d 1113, which invalidated an agreement to arbitrate between a seaman and his employer, on the grounds that the agreement operated as a prospective waiver of the seaman's right to seek a remedy in federal court under the Seaman's Wage Act. This Note contends 1) that the court erred by failing to consider whether Thomas would have a comparable remedy under the law of the contract, 2) that the court erred by improperly analyzing whether Thomas would have a subsequent opportunity for review in the U.S., and 3) that the Thomas decision gives equivalent social value to all federal statutory remedies, and proposes a hierarchy of normative values that courts should consider in the context of deciding whether to invalidate similar agreements.
Modeling Protocols for Secure Group Communications in Ad Hoc Networks

Since its introduction as a communications medium, wireless technology has found broad application on the battlefield. Accompanying dramatic advances in wireless technology and the capabilities associated with small computing devices, the demand for advanced mechanisms to employ wireless technology in the battlefield continues to grow. We propose a model for deriving and reasoning about security protocols designed for battlefield use in ad hoc wireless networks. We contend that our model facilitates reasoning about protocols by integrating the communications and cryptographic aspects of battlefield group communication, and allows automated reasoning about resulting protocols. We illustrate our concept by introducing protocols to support special communication cases associated with the battlefield.
The Amino Acid Sequence of the A Protein (α Subunit) of the Tryptophan Synthetase of Escherichia coli V. ORDER OF TRYPTIC PEPTIDES AND THE COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE

Abstract The order of the tryptic peptides and the complete amino acid sequence of the tryptophan synthetase A protein (α subunit) of Escherichia coli are presented. The A protein is a single polypeptide chain containing 267 amino acid residues.
On the Exact Quantum Integrability of the Membrane

The exact quantum integrability problem of the membrane is investigated. It is found that the spherical membrane moving in flat target spacetime backgrounds is an exact quantum integrable system for a particular class of solutions of the light-cone gauge equations of motion : a dimensionally-reduced $SU(\infty)$ Yang-Mills theory to one temporal dimension. Crucial ingredients are the exact integrability property of the $3D~SU(\infty)$ continuous Toda theory and its associated dimensionally-reduced $SU(\infty)$ Toda $molecule$ equation whose symmetry algebra is the $U_\infty$ algebra obtained from a dimensional-reducion of the $W_\infty \oplus {\bar W}_\infty$ algebras that act naturally on the original $3D$ continuous Toda theory. The $U_\infty$ algebra is explicitly constructed in terms of exact quantum solutions of the quantized continuous Toda equation. Highest weight irreducible representations of the $W_\infty$ algebras are also studied in detail. Continuous and discrete energy levels are both found in the spectrum . Other relevant topics are discussed in the conclusion.
Validation of the fault/error handling mechanisms of the Teraflops supercomputer

The Teraflops system, the world's most powerful supercomputer, was developed by Intel Corporation for the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). The machine contains more than 9000 Intel Pentium (R) Pro processors and performs over one trillion floating point operations per second. Complex hardware and software mechanisms were devised for complying with DOE's reliability requirements. This paper gives a brief description of the Teraflops system architecture and presents the validation of the fault/error handling mechanisms. The validation process was based on an enhanced version of the physical fault injection at the IC pin level. An original approach was developed for assessing signal sensitivity to transient faults and the effectiveness of the fault tolerance mechanisms. Several malfunctions were unveiled by the fault injection experiments. After corrective actions had been undertaken, the supercomputer performed according to the specification.
Original Verbal Imagery and Its Sense Modality Correlates

77 college adults (33 men and 44 women) were divided into two treatment groups using the two groups randomized posttest only design. Experimentals were asked to rate the vividness of their auditory imagery on a 5 point scale and then instructed to use the auditory sense modality to produce images in response to the sound stimuli of Sounds and Images Form 2A, a measure of verbal originality. Following this training, subjects of both treatment groups were administered Onomatopoeia and Images Form 2A, another measure of verbal originality as the dependent variable. The verbal images produced on Onomatepoeis and Images were scored for (1) originality and (2) use of various sense modalities. The results of (1) showed no significant differences in mean originality scores due to training, sex, or training x sex. The results of (2) showed that there were no significant differences in mean sense modality scores due to training, originality level, training x originality level, and training x originality level x sen...
Hot magnetospheric O+ and cold ion behavior in magnetopause reconnection: Cluster observations

In reconnection, the presence of heavy ions like O+ increases the ion mass density reducing the fluid's Alfven speed. In addition, it may modify the reconnection structure, which can also change the reconnection rate. However, because O+ ions have a larger Larmor radii than H+ ions at the same velocity, they may not be fully entrained in the reconnection flow and may have kinetic effects other than just increasing the mass density. In this study, for the first time, the ion velocity distribution functions of H+ and O+ from one magnetopause reconnection event with a strong guide field are analyzed to determine in detail the behavior of the different ion populations. We show that the hot magnetospheric O+ ions, along with the hot magnetospheric H+ ions almost fully participate in the reconnection exhaust flows. Finite Larmor radius effects are also apparent and control how far the ions extend on the magnetosheath side. Ion signatures consistent with heating after being picked up in the reconnection exhaust flow are observed in the H+ and O+ distribution functions. The dynamics of the cold magnetospheric ions depends on where they enter the reconnection region. If they enter the reconnection region at the downstream separatrix, they will be taken away by the magnetic field in an adiabatic way as analyzed by Drake et al. (2009a); if they enter close to the diffusion region, they behave as pick-up ions.
Effective electrons and angular oscillations in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

We show via calculation and experiment that a recently observed angular magnetoresistance effect in low-dimensional conductors can be explained by ``effective electrons,'' which dominate the conductivity for magnetic-field orientations near inflection points on a warped Fermi surface. Closed orbits, which form in certain field orientations, play an insignificant role. In studies of the quasi-one-dimensional molecular metal ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}{\mathrm{PF}}_{6},$ we observe, in addition to sharp kink structure of the effect, a series of strong angular oscillations that we ascribe to the Lebed' commensurability resonance (magic angle) effect.
The stress distribution around holes in thermal barrier coatings

Abstract The residual stress distribution in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) around holes in thermal barrier coatings has been measured using luminescence piezospectroscopy. Far removed from the holes the residual stress field in the oxide is equi-biaxial and independent of position but in the vicinity of the holes, the mean stress decreases monotonically towards the edge of the hole. The characteristic distance over which the stresses vary is of the order of the half the hole radius, typically 10–100 times the thickness of the TGO, consistent with a shear-lag model for stress redistribution. The measurements also indicate that the stress distribution in the TGO is unaffected by the presence of an as-deposited thermal barrier coating.
Rickets in rats by iron feeding

Summary 1. Rickets has been produced in rats by the addition of ferric chloride to a normal, nonrachitogenic diet. 2. The rickets so produced, as judged by roentgenograms, by microscopic studies, and by chemical studies, was qualitatively similar to, but more severe than that produced by Steenbock's rachitogenic diet No. 2965. 3. The addition of phosphorus to this ferric chloride diet prevented the occurrence of rickets. 4. The chlorine radical of the ferric chloride has been eliminated as the rachitogenic factor by negative results from the addition of ammonium chloride to the nonrachitogenic diet. 5. Similar rachitic changes have been produced by the addition of other iron compounds to the nonrachitogenic diet. 6. The experimental and clinical significance of these findings has been discussed.
Panel: Computer Control Application of an On-Line Computer to Accelerator Studies

The use of an on-line computer to expedite accelerator studies may be one of its most important applications. This report is a discussion of some of the types of problems for which computer assistance is of value and describes some implications on the configuration.
A Unicast MANET Routing Protocol to Simultaneously Minimize the Stability-Hop Count Tradeoff and End-to-End Delay

The high-level contribution of this paper is the design and development of a unicast routing protocol to effectively minimize the stability-hop count tradeoff observed in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and thereby incur lower end-to-end delay per data packet. The proposed unicast routing protocol, referred to as SILET, uses the predicted link expiration times (LETs) as part of the link weights. SILET is a source-initiated on-demand routing protocol that initiates a global broadcast query-reply cycle to discover routes, the destination chooses the route with the lowest sum of the link weights, the weight assigned to a link is '1' plus the inverse of the LET of the link. The term '1' as part of the link weight minimizes the hop count per path and the term comprising of the inverse of the LET maximizes the lifetime of the routes. Through extensive simulations and comparison with contemporary minimum-hop based and stability-based routing protocols, we demonstrate that SILET discovers long-living stable routes with hop count close to that of the minimum, thus, minimizing the stability-hop count tradeoff. By virtue of incurring lower route discovery control overhead (due to long-living stable routes) and lower hop count per route, the end-to-end delay per data packet is also optimized and has been observed to be the lowest among all the routing protocols simulated in this paper.
Dynamic and coupling influences on basic speed ratio of an angular contact bearing

Abstract A general expression for basic speed ratio, a fundamental characteristic number for an angular contact ball bearing, is used to explain some previously reported data. Estimates of ball-race slip induced by ball orbit drag and separately by ball spin drag are given. Some dynamic effects are also discussed.
Slavery and Collective Memory in the French Caribbean

Claims to Memory: Beyond Slavery and Emancipation in the French Caribbean. By Catherine A. Reinhardt. New York, Berghahn Books, 2006. The importance of the slave past for the formation of Caribbean...
Caenorhabditis elegans-based screen identifies Salmonella virulence factors required for conserved host-pathogen interactions

A Caenorhabditis elegans-Salmonella enterica host-pathogen model was used to identify both novel and previously known S. enterica virulence factors (HilA, HilD, InvH, SptP, RhuM, Spi4-F, PipA, VsdA, RepC, Sb25, RfaL, GmhA, LeuO, CstA, and RecC), including several related to the type III secretion system (TTSS) encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Mutants corresponding to presumptive novel virulence-related genes exhibited diminished ability to invade epithelial cells and/or to induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration in a tissue culture model of mammalian enteropathogenesis. When expressed in C. elegans intestinal cells, the S. enterica TTSS-exported effector protein SptP inhibited a conserved p38 MAPK signaling pathway and suppressed the diminished pathogenicity phenotype of an S. enterica sptP mutant. These results show that C. elegans is an attractive model to study the interaction between Salmonella effector proteins and components of the innate immune response, in part because there is a remarkable overlap between Salmonella virulence factors required for human and nematode pathogenesis.
Antioxidant and lysosomotropic properties of acridine-propranolol: protection against oxidative endothelial cell injury.

Abstract The antioxidant and lysosomotropic properties of a fluorescent analogue of propranolol, 9-amino-acridine-propranolol (9-AAP) were compared to those of propranolol. Using isolated microsomal membranes exposed to a superoxide and hydroxyl radical generating system, 9-AAP was found to be at least 10-fold more potent than propranolol (and about 50% as potent as vitamin E) in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. In cultured endothelial cells, 9-AAP afforded moderate protective effect against acute loss of glutathione but potent cytoprotective activity against free radical-mediated loss of viability/survival. Intracellular localization of 9-AAP was examined by fluorescent microscopy and compared with two known fluorescent lysosomal markers: acridine orange and Lysosensor. All three agents appeared to localize to similar peri-nuclear vesicles, presumably lysosomes or pre-lysosomes. Lysosensor fluorescence was not observable in the presence of 9-AAP, foreclosing the possibility of a direct dual labeling experiment. We employed the pH sensitivity of acridine orange to determine if it labels the same vesicles as 9-AAP. When the endothelial cells were preloaded with acridine orange, washed and resuspended in buffer containing 9-AAP, the dark orange-labeled vesicles observed with acridine orange alone became increasingly lighter with time. Since the fluorescence of acridine orange is altered by pH change, this spectral shift in fluorescence emission is consistent with the indication that added propranolol (or the analog) leads to lysosomal alkalization. In conclusion, 9-AAP is both a strong antioxidant and a lysosomotropic agent that is remarkably insensitive to photobleaching . These properties may contribute to the enhanced endothelial cytoprotective effects against free radical-induced injury.
Improved Image Based Visual Servoing with Parallel Robot

The position regulation problem of an eye-in-hand type of parallel robot based pointing systems (PRBPS) is considered in this paper. A fuzzy logic system is first designed to compensate for the uncertainties of the parallel robot and the uncertainty of the image Jacobian, then a hybrid controller (HC) including the image-based nonlinear controller and the adaptive supervisory fuzzy logic controller (ASFLC) is derived by using the Lyapunov direct method to realize the position regulation (PR). The stability of the closed-loop system in the Lyapunov sense is proven theoretically. The fuzzy scaling matrix is combined with the HC to improve the performance of the control system. The simulation results demonstrate that the PRBPS realizes PR with very good robustness to the parameter uncertainties, and the control input torques and settling time are reduce greatly in the case of large initial feature errors.
Seismicity and structure in central Mexico: Evidence for a possible slab tear in the South Cocos plate

The morphology of the transition from flat to normal subduction in eastern central Mexico is explored using intraslab earthquakes recorded by temporary and permanent regional seismic arrays. Observations of a sharp transition in slab dip near the abrupt end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) suggest a possible slab tear located within the subducted South Cocos plate. The eastern lateral extent of a thin ultra-slow velocity layer (USL) imaged atop the Cocos slab in recent studies along the Meso America Subduction Experiment array is examined here using additional data. We find an end to this USL which is coincident with the western boundary of a zone of decreased seismicity and the end of the TMVB near the sharp transition in slab dip. Waveform modeling of the 2-D structure in this region using a finite difference algorithm provides constraints on the velocity and geometry of the slab's seismic structure and confirms the location of the USL. Analysis of intraslab seismicity patterns reveals clustering, sudden increase in depth, variable focal mechanism orientations and faulting types, and alignment of source mechanisms along the sharp transition in slab dip. The seismicity and structural evidence suggests a possible tear in the South Cocos slab. This potential tear, together with the tear along the Orozco Fracture Zone to the northwest, indicates a slab rollback mechanism in which separate slab segments move independently, allowing for mantle flow between the segments.
Secondary interactions involving zinc-bound ligands: roles in structural stabilization and macromolecular interactions.

Abstract A large number of proteins contain bound zinc ions. These zinc ions are frequently coordinated by a combination of histidine and cysteine residues. In addition to atoms that coordinate directly to the zinc ions, these side chains have groups that can donate or accept hydrogen bonds from other groups. These secondary interactions can help stabilize the zinc-binding sites, can contribute to protein folding and stability, and, on occasion, can participate in interactions with other macromolecules. Five examples of these secondary interactions are discussed: carbonic anhydrase (where secondary interactions involving histidine residues stabilize the zinc-binding site thermodynamically and kinetically), retroviral nucleocapsid proteins and TRAF proteins (where cysteinate sulfur to peptide NH hydrogen bonds contribute to the structural relationships between adjacent domains), and nucleic acid binding proteins, Zif268 and TIS11 where secondary interactions participate in protein–nucleic acid interactions.
Diffraction from anisotropic random rough surfaces

The diffraction beam from an anisotropic, random, rough surface is investigated. Two kinds of anisotropic surfaces with either a correlation-length anisotropy or a scaling anisotropy are considered. For the correlation-length anisotropic surface with an isotropic scaling, the shape of the diffraction beam directly reflects the surface anisotropy under any diffraction condition. However, for the correlation-length anisotropic surface with an anisotropic scaling, the anisotropic scaling exponents may alter the anisotropy in the diffraction beam shape, sometimes even rotating the direction of anisotropy as the diffraction condition ${q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}w$ changes. Here ${q}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and w are the momentum transfer perpendicular to the surface and the interface width, respectively. This result demonstrates that one must be cautious when analyzing anisotropic diffraction beams. These results also provide a way to differentiate experimentally the correlation length anisotropy from the scaling anisotropy in anisotropic rough surfaces.
A novel approach to polymeric microdispersions

Abstract Novel microdispersions of one polymer in another have been created by solvent devolatilization. Two incompatible polymers are first dissolved in a common solvent. The solvent is then rapidly evaporated, causing the residual polymeric solution to enter the two-phase region. Depending on the relative amounts of the two polymers and the rate of evaporation, polymer blends of widely differing morphologies are formed. Unlike previous methods employed for their production, polymer dispersions created by devolatilization have remarkably uniform particles, with the average size controllable in the range of 0.5 μm to 20 μm. If the solvent free volume fractions of the two polymers are more ore less equal, co-continuous networks are formed.
Comparision of Salt Tolerance between Hordeum vulgare and H. jubatum in Whole Plants and Callus Cultures

Summary Growth and ion accumulation were measured in whole plants and callus cultures of Hordeum vulgare (HV) and H. jubatum (HJ) under different salt regimes to determine comparative salt tolerance, the possible causes of observed differences, and whether differences were also expressed at the tissue level. Plants were watered with an excess of Hoagland's solution supplemented with 0.00, 0.017, 0.17, and 0.86 M NaCI for 40 d, and callus cultures were subjected to identical NaCI concentrations in B5 media -I- 4 mg/1 2,4-D and 3 0/o sucrose. Whole plants of HV showed decreased growth and ion imbalance at 0.017M and were severely stressed at 0.17M while HJ exhibited no inhibition at 0.017M and more tolerance at 0.17M (both died at 0.86M). Growth of callus cultures was not inhibited at 0.017 M, but HV cultures usually failed to recover after 30 d on 0.17 M NaCl, while all HJ cultures recovered under these conditions. HV cultures also appeared unable to osmotically adjust to the salt stress while HJ appeared capable of adjustment at all concentrations up to 0.86M. Results suggest that this tolerance is expressed at the tissue level and are compatible with a model where Na' and Cl- are compartmentalized in HJ root tissue, thus preventing transmission to the shoot and interference with endogenous K+.
Illegitimacy, Postwar Psychology, and the Reperiodization of the Sexual Revolution

Drawing on vital statistics and census data, the author argues that the Sexual Revolution was unfolding in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s. Contrary to popular belief, the sexual revolution (on a behavioral level) did not start in the 1960s, it was not ignited by the introduction of the birth control pill, it was not significantly fanned by the baby boomers' coming of age, and, most important of all, the sexualization of the popular culture did not anticipate the liberalization of mass behavior. According to the author, the reason the 1960s have been so heavily emphasized by scholars is because of a general failure to distinguish between manners and morals, or between norms and values.
Open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the morbidly obese in the era of laparoscopy.

Abstract Background: Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been the preferred operative treatment for morbid obesity. Recently, laparoscopic RYGB has been described. We reviewed our data and believe that open RYGB is still the better option. Methods One hundred three consecutive cases were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative conditions, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative complications with weight/health changes. Results The mean follow-up was 5 months. The mean percent excess body weight loss was 33%. Comorbidities improved 50% of the time. The mean operative time was 117 minutes with blood loss averaging 208 cc. The mean intensive care unit stay was 1.3 days, with a total hospital stay of 4.4 days. There was an 8% major complication rate and a 1% mortality rate. Conclusions The health improvement and complication rates are comparable to published series on laparoscopic RYGB. With the technical complexity of the laparoscopic technique, open RYGB should remain the current standard of care, in most centers.
The impact of the classroom built environment on student perceptions and learning

The aim of this 2 × 2 experimental study was to investigate whether the combined environmental factors of light, sound, and temperature in a classroom built environment set to comfortable levels or just outside the comfort zone (OCZ) impacted undergraduate student learning, mood, and perceptions of environmental influence on performance during listening and reading tasks. Results indicated that participants in the OCZ listening condition had lower scores on a comprehension test than those in the normal listening condition, but that no difference was detected between conditions for the reading modality. Students in the OCZ condition reported more negative affect and believed that the sound and temperature of the room had a more negative impact on their performance than those in the normal condition. Participants in the reading conditions were more likely to attribute poor performance to the sound levels in the room than students in the listening condition.
Inhibition of PKC phosphorylation of cTnI improves cardiac performance in vivo.

Protein kinase C (PKC) modulates cardiomyocyte function by phosphorylation of intracellular targets including myofilament proteins. Data generated from studies on in vitro heart preparations indica...
THE OBSERVANCE OF ALL SOULS' DAY IN THE GUINEA-BISSAU REGION: A CHRISTIAN HOLY DAY, AN AFRICAN HARVEST FESTIVAL, AN AFRICAN NEW YEAR'S CELEBRATION, OR ALL OF THE ABOVE(?)*

“[A] desecration of our religion.” On the eve of All Saints' Day on November 1, 1898, a Portuguese army officer, Henrique Augusto Dias de Carvalho, observed a colorful and noisy crowd of people wending through the streets of Bolama beginning the celebration of dia dos finados (All Souls' Day), which day of supplication for the faithful departed is observed by Christians on November 2. The indigenous Christians generally from long-standing custom and according to local practices customarily pay homage to the dead on the second day of November, beginning this commemoration on the eve of All Saints' Day after midnight. They come out of their dwellings and gather at the door of the local church whence they proceed with little lights walking in procession through all the streets singing the Ave-Maria mixed with African songs. Men and women with fantastic costumes, as if it were carnival, and swigging aguardente and palm wine wander about for three entire nights in this manner until after daybreak; then they disperse, everyone returning to their dwellings, to come out again at night, and spending all day on the 2nd in singing and dancing. The groups combine this with alcoholic drinks and engage in lewd behavior, which debauchery attains its peak during the night of the 2nd until dawn, when after several hours of rest, the finale of the commemoration takes place, which consists of feasting and more drinking, inside or in the open air at a place some distance from the settlement, afterwards singing once again Ave-Marias for the souls of all the departed.
Hydrostatic-pressure dependence of band offsets in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures.

We have determined the pressure dependences of the band offsets in the GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As heterojunctions by measuring the pressure dependences of the harmonic-oscillator-like electron-energy-level spacings \ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{e}}$ of two ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As parabolic quantum wells at hydrostatic pressures up to \ensuremath{\sim}26 kbar at 2 K using photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopy. We found that the conduction-band offset for x\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.3 increases with pressure at a rate of 0.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25 meV/kbar. Using this result and the finding that the pressure coefficient of the direct-band-gap energy of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As is independent of x for x=0-0.4, we found that the fractional conduction- (valence-) band offset ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{c}}$ (${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{v}}$) of GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As increases (decreases) with pressure at a rate of 0.0020\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0007 ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. From this result, we conclude that the previous determinations of the band-offset values of GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As by high-pressure measurements overestimated (underestimated) the fractional conduction- (valence-) band offset by 0.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02, and the corrected ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{c}}$ value at atmospheric pressure should be 0.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04.
Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold via Bipodal Dithiazepane Anchoring Groups

Novel dithiazepane-functionalized ferrocenyl-phenylethynyl oligomers 1 and 2 have been synthesized. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these ferrocene derivatives have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and cyclic voltammetry. It has been shown by XPS that monolayers of the dithiazepane-anchored molecules on gold electrodes contain gold-thiolate species. Cyclic voltammetry of the SAMs were characteristic of stable electroactive monolayers even for single-component SAMs of 1 and 2, with the more ideal responses recorded for the two-component SAMs diluted with undecanethiol. The small variation in peak splittings at progressively higher scan rates in these SAMs makes dithiazepane-bridged redox species promising candidates for further studies on molecular wires with bipodal anchoring.
Live and Dead Mollusks in a Coastal Lagoon: ABSTRACT

Living animals and empty shells have been collected in 55 samples from Mugu Lagoon, coastal southern California. The abundances and distributions of 73 molluscan species from the samples were studied in order to evaluate postmortem movement of shells. Although transportation is common across short distances within the lagoon, several lines of evidence indicate that most empty shells were buried about where they lived. Taxa collected alive are adequately reflected by the empty shells accumulating in the lagoon; whether live and dead, the specimens are compared on the basis of individual taxa, of whole communities (defined by numerical analysis), or of relative abundances within communities. Postmortem transportation within this environment is insignificant for most paleoec logical purposes. End_of_Article - Last_Page 749------------
The Barred Colors of André Cadere

OCTOBER 144, Spring 2013, pp. 115–148. © 2013 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On a June day in 1972, crowds were converging on the Museum Fridericianum for the opening of Documenta 5, the fifth installment of the large international art survey that at the time was held every four or five years in the picturesque city of Kassel, Germany. At some point during the opening, Andre Cadere excused himself from the festivities and quietly executed what was certainly the least appreciated “painting” in the entire show: an unsightly composition of red, blue, and yellow splotches that the artist illicitly spray-painted on one of the exhibition buildings in an act of defiance against its organizers. Months earlier, Cadere had been invited to contribute a piece to the show by Documenta director Harald Szeemann, but when he arrived that afternoon he was abruptly informed that Szeemann had rescinded the offer. As a matter of fact, Szeemann had banned Cadere from even attending
The Temperature-Composition Phase Diagram and Mesophase Structure Characterization of the Monoolein/Water System

The temperature-composition phase diagram of monoolein in water was constructed using X-ray diffraction in the range of $0~^\circ{\rm C}$ to $104~^\circ{\rm C}$ and 0% (w/w) to 47% (w/w) water in the heating direction. The phases identified in this system include the lamellar crystalline (Lc) phase, the lamellar liquid crystalline (Lα) phase, the fluid isotropic (FI) phase, two inverted cubic phases (Q230, Ia3d; Q224, Pn3m), and the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. The overall features of the monoolein/water phase diagram reported herein match those of existing phase diagrams for this system. There are some important differences, however. Accordingly, every effort has been taken to ensure that the current phase diagram represents equilibrium behavior and that the assorted phase boundaries have been determined accurately. The interpreted phase diagram is based on close to 400 discrete measurements in temperature-composition space recorded as a function of temperature in $5~^\circ{\rm C}$ increments ($3~^\circ{\rm C}$ in the HII phase) and of composition in 2% (w/w) water increments on average. The various mesophases have been characterized structurally as a function of temperature and hydration, and the corresponding thermal and composition expansion coefficients are reported. These and related data show that the average radius of water channels in the fully hydrated bicontinuous cubic Pn3m phase is remarkably sensitive to temperature and to monoacylglycerol chain identity.
A GmFAD3A mutation in the low linolenic acid soybean mutant C1640

The linolenic acid component is responsible for the flavour and odour instability of soybean oil. Thus, development of low linolenic acid soybean lines has been a major goal in crop science research. One such low linolenic acid soybean line, A5, contains a deletion of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene GmFAD3A. Another low linolenic acid soybean line, C1640, is allelic with A5, suggesting it too contains a mutation in the GmFAD3A gene. The purpose of this work was to characterize the genetic lesion in C1640 using GmFAD3A as a candidate gene. It could be that a premature stop codon is introduced in the gene, presumably rendering a non-functional truncated enzyme. An assay to distinguish between the wild type and mutant alleles by using PCR followed by endonuclease digestion was developed. This assay will aid soybean breeders that are trying to incorporate the C1640 low linolenic acid trait into other lines.
Neutron flux perturbation in activation analysis

Abstract Some effects of the physical characteristics of samples and comparators in activation analysis have been evaluated in an experimental program. Induced specific activities in dilute aqueous solutions were compared with those in solid elements or compounds irradiated under the same conditions. Three factors affecting the neutron flux were investigated: thermal neutron self-shielding by solid materials, resonance neutron self-shielding, and “enhancement” of thermal flux by moderation within the aqueous samples. The first effect can be computed reasonably accurately, using well-known equations. Self-shielding of resonance neutrons cannot be calculated rigorously, so an empirical approach was used. It was assumed that an “effective thickness” exists, which is a function of the ratio of the resonance integrals of the absorbing element and of cobalt. This function was then substituted in an empirical equation for self-shielding in cobalt. Enhancement of thermal activation by moderation of neutrons was studied by irradiations with and without water in commonly-used types of containers. Effects of the three factors above were computed separately and combined to obtain the actual “attenuation” of the neutron flux. Agreement between computed and observed values was satisfactory.
Alterations in fine structure of the opossum adrenal cortex following sodium deprivation

The fine structure of adrenal cortices of opossums maintained on a sodium deficient diet for 21 days has been examined. After this treatment, the thickness of the zona glomerulosa is increased due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parenchymal cells. After 21 days on the low sodium diet, the glomerulosa cells are characterized by large accumulations of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. This appearance is in marked contrast to the sparse representation of smooth surfaced reticulum in control animals. The rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum becomes organized into long flattened cisternal profiles in parallel array and appears to be increased in quantity. The Golgi complex is also hypertrophied but marked changes in other organelles were not observed. Cells of the zona fasciculata appear to be unaffected by sodium depletion. Large lipid droplets accumulate in the zona reticularis of experimental animals but this zone is otherwise comparable to control animals. The bearing of these results on hypotheses of physiological control of secretion of the zona glomerulosa are discussed.
Communications Technology, Emotional Intelligence, and Impact on Performance: A Conceptual Exploration of Connections:

The purpose of this exploratory conceptual article is to stimulate dialogue about limitations to performance that may be associated with leadership’s inability to appropriately express emotional intelligence when primarily relying on innovative, Web-based communication technologies. Based on this concept and anecdotal evidence, the notion exists that extensive use of newer technologies may undermine the expression of a leader’s emotional intelligence (EI) characteristics during communications with stakeholders. Consequently, recipients of suboptimal communications from leadership may accept this as the status quo and performance may suffer. Although we have embraced innovative communication technologies without hesitation and often with much enthusiasm, there is limited empirical evidence as to how these newer approaches may enhance or diminish the quality of leader interactions and ultimately affect worker development and performance.
A tropospheric ozone maximum over the equatorial Southern Indian Ocean

Abstract. We examine the distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone (O3) from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem). MLS and TES observations of tropospheric O3 during 2005 to 2009 reveal a distinct, persistent O3 maximum, both in mixing ratio and tropospheric column, in May over the Equatorial Southern Indian Ocean (ESIO). The maximum is most pronounced in 2006 and 2008 and less evident in the other three years. This feature is also consistent with the total column O3 observations from the Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Model results reproduce the observed May O3 maximum and the associated interannual variability. The origin of the maximum reflects a complex interplay of chemical and dynamic factors. The O3 maximum is dominated by the O3 production driven by lightning nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, which accounts for 62% of the tropospheric column O3 in May 2006. We find the contribution from biomass burning, soil, anthropogenic and biogenic sources to the O3 maximum are rather small. The O3 productions in the lightning outflow from Central Africa and South America both peak in May and are directly responsible for the O3 maximum over the western ESIO. The lightning outflow from Equatorial Asia dominates over the eastern ESIO. The interannual variability of the O3 maximum is driven largely by the anomalous anti-cyclones over the southern Indian Ocean in May 2006 and 2008. The lightning outflow from Central Africa and South America is effectively entrained by the anti-cyclones followed by northward transport to the ESIO.
David y. Khechoyan, MD.

I want to thank Dr. David Khechoyan for serving as guest editor for this issue of Seminars in Plastic Surgery on orthognathic surgery. We also appreciate the efforts made by each outstanding author for sharing with us their knowledge and expertise.
Diagnostic and management strategies for donor-derived infections

Donor-derived infections continue to occur in spite of standard organ donor screening. These infections can be challenging to diagnose and manage for a treating physician. This article reviews the process of organ donor evaluation, limitations of current screening strategies, approach to recipient evaluation in suspected donor-derived infections, and diagnostic and management strategies of selected donor-derived infections.
Seismic Signatures of Two Orthogonal Sets of Vertical Microcorrugated Fractures

Conventional fracture-characterization techniques operate with the idealized model of penny-shaped (rotationally invariant) cracks and ignore the roughness (microcorrugation) of fracture surfaces. Here, we develop analytic solutions based on the linear-slip theory to examine wave propagation through an effective triclinic medium that contains two microcorrugated, vertical, orthogonal fracture sets in isotropic background rock. The compliance matrix off-diagonal elements associated with the corrugation cause the deviation of the polarization vectors of the vertically traveling S-waves from the horizontal plane. Also, the shear-wave splitting coefficient at vertical incidence becomes sensitive to fluid saturation, especially for tight, low-porosity host rock. In contrast to the model with two orthogonal sets of penny-shaped cracks, the NMO (normal-moveout) ellipses of all three reflection modes (P, S1, S2) are rotated with respect to the fracture strike directions. Another unusual property of the fast shear wave S1, which can help to distinguish between models with one and two microcorrugated fracture sets, is the misalignment of the semimajor axis of its NMO ellipse and the polarization vector at vertical incidence. The model analyzed here may adequately describe the orthogonal fracture sets at Weyburn Field in Canada, where the axes of the P-wave NMO ellipse deviate from the S1-wave polarization direction. Our results can be used to identify the underlying physical model and, potentially, estimate the combinations of fracture parameters constrained by wide-azimuth, multicomponent seismic data.
Population dynamics of goldenseal ( Hydrastis canadensis ) in the core of its historical range

Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae), is a perennial woodland herb of eastern North America harvested for the medicinal properties of its rhizome. Although listed in Appendix II of the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species, little is known of its population dynamics in the core of its historical range. We investigated the demography of wild populations at three forest interior sites in Ohio, including both sexual and asexual reproduction, in order to model population dynamics in the core of its historical range. We recognized six life history stages, and parameterized stage-structured (Lefkovich) transition matrices for each population. Marked individuals were monitored and field experiments were conducted to characterize and quantify seed dormancy, seedling establishment, and vegetative reproduction. We found seedling recruitment to be more common than suggested by previous studies, but less common than vegetative reproduction, and less important to projected population growth. The finite rate of increase, λ, was greater than 1 for each population based on transition matrices for 1998–1999, but much less than 1 for two populations (and ≈1 for the third) based on 1999–2000 matrices. This reduction in λ appears due to lower survival and growth of established (non-seedling) plants, which may have been due to drought in spring 1999. In both year-to-year transitions, fertile plants typically regressed to the large sterile stage. This research provides a basis for exploring the effects of different harvest strategies on the population dynamics of H. canadensis, enabling assessment of sustainability.
An association between reduced interhemispheric EEG coherence in the temporal lobe and genetic risk for schizophrenia

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that schizophrenic patients show resting EEG replicate the results on the second data set. Power spectrum analysis suggested that schizophrenics are cortically hypoactivated, whereas in unaffected siblings, a tendency for hyperactivation was found. In contrast, spectral coherences (0.5–5 Hz) were reduced in both data sets in the temporal lobe areas in schizophrenics and in their unaffected siblings. Changes were most pronounced for the interhemispheric coherence linking both posterior temporal lobe areas. Relative risk calculations ( λ S ) ranged between 3.7 and 9.8, depending on phenotype definition. Thus, while power spectrum EEG abnormalities may be state-dependent, reduced coherence as a possible measure of neuronal synchronization is familial and potentially a heritable trait related to genetic risk for schizophrenia.
Plasmonic nanolayer composites: coupled plasmon polaritons, effective-medium response, and subdiffraction light manipulation

We analyze the evolution of the modes in nanoplasmonic multilayered structures and study the transition of the optical properties of these systems to the effective-medium regime. We derive the effective-medium parameters and study the validity of our analytical results with exact numerical solutions of Maxwell equations. Finally, we explore the applications of multilayered systems for subwavelength light confinement in planar and circular waveguides.
Crystallization of a Sulfate-Binding Protein (Permease) from Salmonella typhimurium

Crystallization is reported of a protein that is a component of an active transport system for sulfate into Salmonella typhimurium. This appears to be the component that is specific for binding the substrate.
The Prostate Needle Biopsy Gun: Busting a Myth

Purpose: It is widely reported that a prostate biopsy gun needle advances 0.5 cm and then obtains the subsequent 1.5 cm of tissue. Based on this presumed skip area it is recommended that the needle tip must be placed 0.5 cm from the capsule before firing to obtain the capsule with the specimen. Contrary to this longstanding recommendation, in our experience we have observed that there is no such skip area. We determined the actual content of a needle core by obtaining biopsies from an apple model with clinical correlation to validate our findings.Material and Methods: Using 3 types of spring-loaded biopsy needles we obtained 24 cores from an apple. We placed the biopsy needle tip directly adjacent to the capsule before firing the biopsy gun. Visual inspection of each biopsy core was done to confirm the presence or absence of the capsule (red apple peel).Results: All cores had confirmed presence of the apple peel, confirming the absence of a skip area in the first 0.5 cm.Conclusions: Using spring-loaded bi...