cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expressed vocational choice and vocational indecision.

This study equally divided 232 male and female college students into four groups based on their responses to the Occupational Alternatives Question. Groups were composed of subjects who had a first choice and no alternatives, a first choice plus alternatives, no first choice but alternatives, and neither a first choice nor alternatives. The hypothesis tested was that these groups would differ on dependent variables related to vocational decision making. No significant differences were found on socioeconomic status or on Holland's constructs of consistency, differentiation, or congruence with career choice. Significant group differences were found on congruence with college major, total number of Vocational Preference Inventory responses, and scales measuring satisfaction with college major and career choice. Significant differences were also found on two recent scales measuring vocational indecision, that is, the Vocational Decision Making Difficulty Scale and the Career Decision Scale. Significant sex differences indicated that females were more congruent and satisfied with their college majors. The results are discussed and their implications for future research and vocational counseling are examined. In the literature on vocational choice, the variable of expressed choice has recently been gaining increased research support. The definitive review by Dolliver (1969) perhaps gave impetus to the investigation of expressed choice, and at present an impressive number of studies exist which consistently indicate that expressed choices have predictive validity—in terms of college major or career choice—that equals or exceeds that of inventoried interests (Borgen & Seling, 1978; Dolliver & Will, 1977; Gade & Soliah, 1975; Gottfredson & Holland, 1975; Holland & Gottfredson, 1975; Holland & Lutz, 1968; O'Neil & Magoon, 1977; O'Neil, Magoon, & Tracey, 1978; Touchton & Magoon, 1977). The findings mentioned previously on expressed choice become additionally interesting relative to a number of studies that have attempted to measure differences be
Fast secure handoff in public wireless LANs

The ubiquity of wireless local area networks (WLANs) is enabling the emergence of a wide range of mobile computing applications. One of the challenges for secure wireless LANs is to enable secure handoff between access points with minimum delays. We propose a scheme for public WLANs that performs authentication using the TESLA (time efficient stream loss-tolerant authentication) broadcast authentication protocol. Our approach generates new keys when needed. Our scheme achieves authentication and the generation of keys simultaneously while the supplicant is in the discovery phase (that is, searching for an AP which is nearest to it) leading to low latency during handoff.
Atmospheric Moisture Budget and Spatial Resolution Dependence of Precipitation Extremes in Aquaplanet Simulations

AbstractThis study investigates the moisture budgets and resolution dependency of precipitation extremes in an aquaplanet framework based on the Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4). Moisture budgets from simulations using two different dynamical cores, the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A) and High Order Method Modeling Environment (HOMME), but the same physics parameterizations suggest that during precipitation extremes the intensity of precipitation is approximately balanced by the vertical advective moisture transport. The resolution dependency in extremes from simulations at their native grid resolution originates from that of vertical moisture transport, which is mainly explained by changes in dynamics (related to vertical velocity ω) with resolution. When assessed at the same grid scale by area-weighted averaging the fine-resolution simulations to the coarse grids, simulations with either dynamical core still demonstrate resolution dependency in extreme precipitation wi...
Matrix Operations Using Linpack

This paper describes the use of 24 new speakeasy linkules that have been developed to implement the linpack subroutines as commands in speakeasy. Figure 1 provides an overview of the capabilities of these linkules that have been developed to utilize the modular design implicit in linpack and the BLAS. These linkules allow the speakeasy user to factor various classes of matrices and to save substantial time, e.g., by avoiding the calculation of the inverse when it is not explicitly needed. The linkules are also useful in testing the accuracy of intermediate steps in matrix calculation in other programs.
Examination of the Seeds of Polanisia trachysperma

Abstract The oil (16.31 per cent) extracted with petroleum ether from Polanisia trachysperma seeds has a yellowish color, musk-like odor, bland taste, and possesses drying properties. Saponification, acid, and iodine values, and other constants are reported. The study indicates that the oil consists of 85.8 per cent of unsaturated fatty acids, including 81.2 per cent of oleic acid and 1.9 per cent of linoleic acid. The saturated fraction (8.6 per cent) contained palmitic, Iignoceric, and stearic acids. The infrared spectrum of the oil, the saturated, and unsaturated fractions indicated the usual characteristics of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid fractions. The oil showed no significant antibiotic or growth-promoting substances.
ATHENA: Identifying interactions between different levels of genomic data associated with cancer clinical outcomes using grammatical evolution neural network

Gene expression profiles have been broadly used in cancer research as a diagnostic or prognostic signature for the clinical outcome prediction such as stage, grade, metastatic status, recurrence, and patient survival, as well as to potentially improve patient management. However, emerging evidence shows that gene expression-based prediction varies between independent data sets. One possible explanation of this effect is that previous studies were focused on identifying genes with large main effects associated with clinical outcomes. Thus, non-linear interactions without large individual main effects would be missed. The other possible explanation is that gene expression as a single level of genomic data is insufficient to explain the clinical outcomes of interest since cancer can be dysregulated by multiple alterations through genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome levels. In order to overcome the variability of diagnostic or prognostic predictors from gene expression alone and to increase its predictive power, we need to integrate multi-levels of genomic data and identify interactions between them associated with clinical outcomes.
MR Renography with Low-Dose Gadopentetate Dimeglumine: Feasibility

PURPOSE: To develop a low-dose magnetic resonance (MR) renographic method performed with and without an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and in conjunction with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in patients with suspected renovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent MR renography (turbo fast low-angle shot sequence: repetition time, 5 msec; echo time, 2.3 msec; flip angle, 15°; one coronal image acquired every 2 seconds for 4 minutes) following intravenous injection of 2 mL of gadopentetate dimeglumine, which was repeated following intravenous injection of an ACE inhibitor. Contrast material–enhanced MR angiography was also performed. On the basis of renographic findings, renal cortex and renal medulla enhancement curves and normalized enhancement ratios were analyzed. RESULTS: The cortex and medulla showed an early transient period of enhancement within 20 seconds (vascular phase). During 1–2 minutes, a second, gradual increase in medullary enhancement, reflect...
FPGA Session Control (FSC): Providing Remote Access to a Cluster of FPGAs

This paper discusses field programmable gate array(FPGA) session control software that incorporates the functionality of R-Boot with a client-server model and a custom command set running over a standard TCP/IP network. The ability to remotely access the FPGAs from anywhere on or off campus gives students the unique ability to work on labs and research without stepping in to the laboratory. FSC improves the remote FPGA experience by providing a single GUI-based client and improves lab administration.
Robot localization and energy-efficient wireless communications by multiple antennas

Biologically-inspired swarm of robots with collaboration towards a common mission has a broad range of applications. However, the required dynamic localization among autonomous robots for such swarm collaboration, though usually implicitly assumed, has not been properly studied. In this paper, we address the roles of multiple antennas in localization and energy-efficient wireless communications for a swarm of robots. Following the gradient of signal powers along a trajectory, a robot can track the direction of a source robot. With three or more properly placed antennas that sense different phase shifts of carrier, a robot can localize a source. By lateration, three collaborative robots can localize a source with known distances to it. Via angulation technique, three robots can determine their geometric relationship with knowing two angles and one distance between them. The techniques can be extended from the 2-D to the 3-D space for application of wall-climbing robots. On the basis of knowledge of robot locations, beamforming techniques can be employed to receive and transmit signal towards the desired robot therefore improving energy efficiency and prolonging robot lifetime.
Chemotherapy and patient co-morbidity in ventral site hernia development

Objective: The risk factors associated with early ventral site hernia development following cancer surgery are ill defined and associated with an undetermined incidence. Methods: We analyzed 1,391 gynecologic cancer patient charts to identify the number of post-operative ventral site hernias over a nearly 6 year period. The following study variables were noted for evaluation: patient demographics, disease co-morbidity (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes), body mass index (BMI), treatment (e.g., chemotherapy regimen), intra-operative (e.g., bleeding) and postoperative (e.g., infection) complications, time to hernia development and length of hospital stay. Results: Twenty-six gynecologic cancer patients who developed a post-operative ventral hernia and subsequently underwent herniorrhaphy by our gynecologic oncology service were identified. The patient group’s overall time to initial hernia development was 11.23 months. Following a multiple regression analysis, we found that treatment (e.g., bevacizumab, liposomal doxorubicin or radiotherapy associated with compromised wound healing [p=0.0186] and disease co-morbidity [0.0432]) were significant prognostic indicators for an accelerated time to hernia development. Moreover, five patients underwent treatment associated with compromised wound healing and also had disease co-morbidity. In this sub-group, post-operative hernia development occurred more rapidly (3.8 months) than the overall group of patients. BMI and age did not impact time to hernia development (p＞0.05). Conclusion: In the present gynecologic cancer patient series, a tendency for early post-operative hernia development appeared to coincide with treatment associated with compromised wound healing and disease co-morbidity. Gynecologic cancer surgeons should anticipate this potential complication and consider employing prophylactic intra-operative mesh to potentially prevent this condition.
Implementing Interoperability Using an IHE Profile for Interfacility Patient Transport

In August of 2006 the US Government passed an executive order to implement electronic health records by 2014. Recent moves in global healthcare IT standards address many medical domains; however, there has been little attempt to provide interoperability in transport medicine. We present an Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) profile for Transport Medicine, to facilitate interoperability between various healthcare facilities and the transport environment utilizing distributed computing technologies such as SOAP envelopes for ebXML over mobile networks.
Thermoviscous remanent magnetism of Columbia River basalt blocks in the cascade landslide

We studied sixteen basalt samples from a landslide in the Columbia River Gorge to determine if they had acquired a thermoviscous remanent magnetism (TVRM) since the slide was emplaced about 800 years ago. All samples were thermally demagnetized at 20 heating steps until 360°C, where a large change in susceptibilit y was noted. Analysis of the directional changes during demagnetization indicates that the samples contain up to four TVRM components, in addition to an NRM component. The TVRM components with the lowest blocking temperatures are tightly clustered around the present field direction while the NRM directions are consistent with a random distribution, as expected for a landslide deposit. Measurements of hysteresis parameters and thermomagnetic analyses of the samples demonstrate that the dominant magnetic mineral in the basalt is single- domain magnetite. The temperature at which the first TVRM component was removed ranges from 70°C to 100°C. This result can be compared to nomographs that relate the time and temperature used to demagnetize a TVRM with the time and temperature at which the TVRM was acquired. Our results are more consistent with the nomograph of Pullaiah et al. (1975) than with the nomograph of Middleton & Schmidt (1982).
Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: What, whether, and why.

Are there sex differences in criteria for sexual relationships? The answer depends on what question a researcher asks. Data suggest that, whereas the sexes differ in whether they will enter short-term sexual relationships, they are more similar in what they prioritize in partners for such relationships. However, additional data and context of other findings and theory suggest different underlying reasons. In Studies 1 and 2, men and women were given varying "mate budgets" to design short-term mates and were asked whether they would actually mate with constructed partners. Study 3 used a mate-screening paradigm. Whereas women have been found to prioritize status in long-term mates, they instead (like men) prioritize physical attractiveness much like an economic necessity in short-term mates. Both sexes also show evidence of favoring well-rounded long- and short-term mates when given the chance. In Studies 4 and 5, participants report reasons for having casual sex and what they find physically attractive. For women, results generally support a good genes account of short-term mating, as per strategic pluralism theory (S. W. Gangestad & J. A. Simpson, 2000). Discussion addresses broader theoretical implications for mate preference, and the link between method and theory in examining social decision processes.
Translational repression of mouse mu opioid receptor expression via leaky scanning

Mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression is under temporal and spatial controls, but expression levels of the MOR gene are relatively low in vivo. In addition to transcriptional regulations, upstream AUGs (uAUGs) and open reading frames (uORFs) profoundly affect the translation of the primary ORF and thus the protein levels in several genes. The 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of mouse MOR mRNA contains three uORFs preceding the MOR main initiation codon. In MOR-fused EGFP or MOR promoter/luciferase reporter constructs, mutating each uAUG individually or in combinations increased MOR transient heterologous expression in neuroblastoma NMB and HEK293 cells significantly. Translation of such constructs increased up to 3-fold without altering the mRNA levels if either the third uAUG or both the second and third AUGs were mutated. Additionally, these uAUG-mediated translational inhibitions were independent of their peptide as confirmed by internal mutation analyses in each uORF. Translational studies indicated that protein syntheses were initiated at these uAUG initiation sites, with the third uAUG initiating the highest translation level. These results support the hypothesis that uORFs in mouse MOR mRNA act as negative regulators through a ribosome leaky scanning mechanism. Such leaky scanning resulted in the suppression of mouse MOR under normal conditions.
The Effects of Time Budget Pressure and Intentionality on Audit Supervisors' Response to Audit Staff False Sign‐off

Based on theory from the psychology literature and results from prior false sign-off research, we develop hypotheses and then conduct an experiment to assess the reporting intentions of audit supervisors who discover that a staff member under their supervision has committed false sign-off. The experiment manipulated the level of time budget pressure on the audit engagement and the staff member's intentionality. Results indicate that audit supervisors are more likely to report the false sign-off when (1) the audit staff member was working under conditions of low time budget pressure versus high time budget pressure and (2) the staff member committed the false sign-off intentionally versus unintentionally as a result of confusion over what was expected. The paper concludes with a discussion of its limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice.
Differentiation of the adult Leydig cell population in the postnatal testis

Five main cell types are present in the Leydig cell lineage, namely the mesenchymal precursor cells, progenitor cells, newly formed adult Leydig cells, immature Leydig cells, and mature Leydig cells. Peritubular mesenchymal cells are the precursors to Leydig cells at the onset of Leydig cell differentiation in the prepubertal rat as well as in the adult rat during repopulation of the testis interstitium after ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS) treatment. Leydig cell differentiation cannot be viewed as a simple process with two distinct phases as previously reported, simply because precursor cell differentiation and Leydig cell mitosis occur concurrently. During development, mesenchymal and Leydig cell numbers increase linearly with an approximate ratio of 1:2, respectively. The onset of precursor cell differentiation into progenitor cells is independent of LH; however, LH is essential for the later stages in the Leydig cell lineage to induce cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and establish the full organelle complement required for the steroidogenic function. Testosterone and estrogen are inhibitory to the onset of precursor cell differentiation, and these hormones produced by the mature Leydig cells may be of importance to inhibit further differentiation of precursor cells to Leydig cells in the adult testis to maintain a constant number of Leydig cells. Once the progenitor cells are formed, androgens are essential for the progenitor cells to differentiate into mature adult Leydig cells. Although early studies have suggested that FSH is required for the differentiation of Leydig cells, more recent studies have shown that FSH is not required in this process. Anti-Mullerian hormone has been suggested as a negative regulator in Leydig cell differentiation, and this concept needs to be further explored to confirm its validity. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) induces proliferation of immature Leydig cells and is associated with the promotion of the maturation of the immature Leydig cells into mature adult Leydig cells. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) is a mitogen for mesenchymal precursor cells. Moreover, both TGFalpha and TGFbeta (to a lesser extent than TGFalpha) stimulate mitosis in Leydig cells in the presence of LH (or hCG). Platelet-derived growth factor-A is an essential factor for the differentiation of adult Leydig cells; however, details of its participation are still not known. Some cytokines secreted by the testicular macrophages are mitogenic to Leydig cells. Moreover, retarded or absence of Leydig cell development has been observed in experimental models with impaired macrophage function. Thyroid hormone is critical to trigger the onset of mesenchymal precursor cell differentiation into Leydig progenitor cells, proliferation of mesenchymal precursors, acceleration of the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into Leydig cell progenitors, and enhance the proliferation of newly formed Leydig cells in the neonatal and EDS-treated adult rat testes.
Herd Sire Portfolio Selection: A Comparison of Rounded Linear and Integer Programming

Abstract Use of linear programming to select portfolios of herd sires can result in solutions containing noninteger units per bull. Because semen cannot be purchased in partial units, two alternatives were investigated: integer programming and rounded linear programming. Expected net revenue based on PTA dollars for milk, fat, and protein; udder depth; teat placement; foot angle; and semen price were calculated for 383 Holstein bulls. Maximization of expected net revenue was subject to constraints: required lots of 5 units, maximum average price per lot, minimum and maximum lots per bull, minimum average reliability, minimum number of lots from bulls that transmit calving ease, and minimum number of bulls. Multiple formulations were used for expected net revenue and constraint combinations. Eighteen of 36 linear programming portfolios contained noninteger lots per bull. Five rounded linear programming portfolios were identical to their respective integer programming portfolios. Differences in lots per bull between the remaining 13 pairs of portfolios were small. Linear programming portfolios that were unconstrained by semen price tended to be integer. Six of 18 rounded linear programming portfolios did not stay within bounds set by constraints. For the model used, integer programming did not offer a significant advantage over rounded linear programming.
Counterpropagation Neural Network for Stochastic Conditional Simulation: An Application with Berea Sandstone

A neural network trained using the counterpropagation algorithm to produce stochastic conditional simulations is applied and evaluated on a real dataset. This type of network is a non-parametric clustering algorithm not constrained by assumptions (i.e. normal distributions) and is well suited for risk and uncertainty analysis given spatially auto- correlated data. Detailed geophysical measurements from a slab of Berea sandstone are used to allow comparison with a traditional geostatistical method of producing conditional simulations known as sequential Gaussian simulation. Equiprobable simulations and estimated fields of air permeability are generated using an anisotropic spatial structure extracted from a subset of observation data. Results from the counterpropagation network are statistically similar to the geostatistical methods and original reference fields. The combination of simplicity and computational speed make the method ideally suited for environmental subsurface characterization and other earth science applications with spatially auto- correlated variables.
Evidence for Linkage of Postchallenge Insulin Levels With Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (FABP2) in Mexican-Americans

Single genes with large effects may contribute to insulin resistance or influence susceptibility to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In the Pima Indians, results from sib-pair analysis have suggested that a gene on chromosome 4q influences both fasting insulin levels and maximal insulin action. We conducted sib-pair and logarithm of odds (LOD)-score linkage analysis to seek evidence for linkage between genes influencing insulin levels and chromosome 4q loci. Analyses were conducted on nondiabetic individuals from 28 different families participating in the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study. All subjects received a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting insulin levels were measured in 382 nondiabetic individuals, and 2-h insulin levels were measured in 366 individuals. Initial sib-pair linkage analysis revealed a possible association between 2-h post-glucose challenge insulin levels and the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) locus located in the region of chromosome 4q28-31 (P = 0.006). Subsequent sib-pair linkage analysis of 11 additional chromosome 4q markers supported this hypothesis. We next conducted segregation analyses to estimate allele frequencies and other model parameters for the putative locus influencing 2-h insulin levels. Results of LOD-score linkage analysis indicated possible linkage between the major gene described by the segregation model and FABP2. Using combined segregation and linkage analysis, we obtained a LOD-score of 2.80 at recombination frequency of 0.0 between FABP2 and the putative locus influencing 2-h insulin levels. The maximum likelihood estimate of the allele associated with low insulin levels was 0.21.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metallized Gelled Propellants: Oxygen/RP-1/Aluminum Rocket Engine Calorimeter Heat Transfer Measurements and Analysis

A set of analyses was conducted to determine the heat transfer characteristics of metallized gelled liquid propellants in a rocket engine. The analyses used the data from experiments conducted with a small 30- to 40-lbf thrust engine composed of a modular injector, igniter, chamber and nozzle. The fuels used were traditional liquid RP-1 and gelled RP-1 with 0-wt %, 5-wt%, and 55-wt% loadings of aluminum with silicon dioxide gellant, and gaseous oxygen as the oxidizer. Heat transfer was computed based on measurements using calorimeter rocket chamber and nozzle hardware with a total of 31 cooling channels. A gelled fuel coating formed in the 0-, 5- and 55-wt% engines, and the coating was composed of unburned gelled fuel and partially combusted RP-1. The coating caused a large decrease in calorimeter engine heat flux in the last half of the chamber for the 0- and 5-wt% RP-1/Al. This heat flux reduction effect was analyzed by comparing engine runs and the changes in the heat flux during a run as well as from run to run. Heat transfer and time-dependent heat flux analyses and interpretations are provided. The 5- and 55-wt% RP-1/Al fueled engines had the highest chamber heat fluxes, with the 5-wt% fuel having the highest throat flux. This result is counter to the predicted result, where the 55 wt% fuel has the highest combustion and throat temperature, and therefore implies that it would deliver the highest throat heat flux. The 5-wt% RP-1/Al produced the most influence on the engine heat transfer and the heat flux reduction was caused by the formation of a gelled propellant layer in the chamber and nozzle.
A Lower Bound for the de Bruijn-Newman Constant Λ. II

A lower bound is constructively found for the de Bruijn-Newman constant Λ, which is related to the Riemann Hypothesis. This lower bound is determined by explicitly exhibiting an associated jensen polynomial with nonreal zeros.
Sports Injury, the Pain Principle, and the Promise of Reform

It has been said that the fish are the last ones to discover the ocean. And so it is with patriarchy. During the 19th century, a few social philosophers in France and England, as well as leading thinkers and activists in the suffrage and women’s movement in the United States, began to “perceive” the ocean of patriarchy and to describe its workings and gender politics. Feminisms evolved during the 20th century and culminated in women’s studies, feminist theory, and later gender studies. But the recognition of feminist scholarship as bona fide social theory that explains human behavior and social processes has been hobbled by its ideological moorings and presumed lack of scientific rigor. Ironically, it has been scientific method and evidence-based research that have, during the latter 20th century, begun to shore up the explanatory power and theoretical claims of what are now called “gender theories.” One application of gender theory has been applied to understanding variations in women’s and men’s health (Payne, 2006; Sabo, 2005). In this article I reflect on Mariah Burton Nelson’s keynote, “The Damage I Have Done to Myself: Physical Intelligence Among College Athletes” within a sociocultural analysis of sports injury that takes gender relations and male-dominated social organizations (i.e., patriarchy) into account. Within the biomedical model, sports injuries are explained basically as physiological processes. An orthopedic surgeon or athletic trainer brings a clinical sensibility to understanding sports injury. Psychologists work with the emotional facets of sports injury. Sociologists study the institutional contexts and cultural practices that give rise to and surround sports injury. In the end, the injured ankle or arthritic knee is attached to an individual psychology or personal identity that, in turn, develops within a culture and hierarchical gender order. Mariah Burton Nelson’s knee injuries and subsequent chronic pain can be partly understood within this larger context.
Emerging market city

The increasing orientation of urban governance toward managing territory as a collection of real estate markets is an internalization of neoliberal reason, particularly its entrepreneurial logics, ...
Recent alcohol use, episodic heavy drinking, and school violent victimization: Sex and grade level differences among Hispanic youth

ABSTRACTAlcohol use and involvement in school violent victimization are two significant public health problems among Hispanic youth. The present study examined alcohol use by involvement in school violent victimization among seventh through twelfth grade Hispanic students in one metropolitan area. The Pride Student National Survey was administered to students in their school classrooms. Results indicated that Hispanic students who were involved in school violent victimization were at increased risk for recent alcohol use and frequent episodic heavy drinking compared to Hispanic students who were not involved. Logistic regression revealed Hispanic males, junior high school, and high school students were at increased odds for recent alcohol use based on involvement in school violent victimization. Regarding frequent episodic heavy drinking, Hispanic males, females, and high school students were at increased odds. These findings can aid professionals in developing effective prevention programs and efforts fo...
The Potential Use of near Infrared Spectroscopy to Discriminate between Different Pine Species and Their Hybrids

There is growing interest in the use of pine hybrids in commercial forestry plantations in the tropics and sub-tropics. However, the production of pine hybrid seeds can be difficult and is dependent on the presence of an adequate number of male and female strobili, timely application of the pollination bag, good pollination techniques and reasonable weather conditions. After pollination, a wait of two or more years is required for cones to mature and for seeds to be collected. The seeds collected from artificial hybrid crosses in an orchard are assumed to be true hybrids, but might also be the (female) pure species if pollen contamination has occurred prior to or during bagging of the male strobili. Confirming hybridity in pines is often very difficult in the seedling stage when only needle morphological characteristics are used. In this study, we examined ground oven-dried needle samples of 16 pine species from different geographic regions using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine if this metho...
Increased preference for Na + and K + salts in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats.

SummaryPreference for solutions of various salts and for quinine sulfate and hydrochloric acid was compared in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) male rats and in two groups of normotensive control rats by a two-bottle preference test. SH rats exhibited a significantly increased preference for salt solutions containing Na+ and K+, but for neither quinine nor hydrochloric acid. When given a choice between 0.30 M NaCl and water, SH rats imbibed 2–5 times the amount of Na+ imbibed by the controls. SH rats imbibed significantly more total fluid (salt and water) than did controls as long as salts were presented. However, as soon as water alone was presented, total fluid intake returned to control levels.The authors wish to thank Dr. Yukio Yamori, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan for his kind assistance in obtaining normotensive Wistar/Kyoto (WI/KY) rats.
Deconstructing a Neural Network

We focus on the problem of constructing an equivalent function for a given neural network, when the training/test data are not available. The unknown function captured by the neural net is represented as the Taylor series expansion in terms of the inputs, and the relevant coefficients are computed from the weights of the network. We argue that such deconstruction of a neural network can be a useful tool in complexity reduction.
Developing Professional Skills for the Future of Health Care

We developed Project ’94 to help prepare the medical technology students of University Hospitals of Cleveland for their future roles in a changing health care environment. The project was an outgrowth of discussions from the Educators’ Consensus Conference, “Evolution or Revolution: Medical Technology Curriculum Reform” held in Iowa City in 1993. Project ’94 incorporates problem-based learning and focuses on developing professional skills in three areas: problem solving, communication, and teamwork. Survey data and subsequent conference discussions indicate these skills are among those that future laboratorians will need to strengthen in order to function effectively in a changing environment.
We Shall Not Be Moved: Hank Williams Village and the Legacy of Advocacy Planning

The planner and architect are seldom envisioned as advocates for the urban poor. However, during the 1960s, New Left planners and architects began working with marginalized groups in cities to desi...
A Curious Cause of Seizures

This case discusses a ketamine/theophylline interaction of unknown etiology resulting in decreased seizure threshold.
Fluoroscopy and Angiographic Imaging in Thoracic Aortic Endografting

Fluoroscopy provides real-time imaging during catheter and guidewire manipulation/continuous fluoroscopy is used “to shoot” an arteriogram at a higher frame rate and resolution and is used when optimal image quality is required. Fluoroscopy is the backbone for the workup, evaluation, and successful deployment of thoracic aortic stent grafts. Pulsed fluoroscopy is used when less detail is required like the passage of guidewires, catheters, and sheaths. A digital subtraction arteriography “DSA” is created by image software which first shoots a mask of the background objects, and subtracts the background and allows the column of contrast in the angiogram to be displayed without interference of the background. “Road mapping” permits real-time catheter guidance with a contrast background. Road mapping is established by digitally subtracting the initial non-contrast background; then contrast is injected into the vessel of interest and a new combined image of the contrast injection is superimposed on the real-time fluoroscopic image. All of these techniques are available with the most basic vascular package software on a portable C-arm unit. When using fluoroscopy for measurements, a marker catheter, with 1 cm radiopaque markers, is useful to avoid parallax error. Parallax error is the difference in length measurements that occur when the C-arm is moved toward or away from the patient and the relative relationships of landmarks and lesions are altered.
Oxygen Free Radicals in the Genesis of Traumatic Brain Edema

Oxygen free radicals such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical have been implicated as important deleterious factors in ischemia, trauma and inflammation (Bulkley 1983). Oxygen free radicals may damage endothelial cells disrupting the blood-brain barrier or they may directly injure brain, causing cerebral edema and structural changes in neurons and glia. Therefore, oxygen free radical scavengers can potentially be used to treat brain edema. In this study we investigated the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a superoxide radical scavenger and dimethylthiourea (DMTU) as a hydroxyl radical scavenger on cold-induced edema.
Taking animals seriously: The basics of well-being across species

Having done our homework on animal minds in Chapters 4,5,6, and 7, we can use much of what we learned as we return in this chapter to questions of value—this time, to interspecific value theory . Our task involves prudential value theory (value theory, for short). This is the study of well-being , or the good of individuals in a familiar nonmoral sense, at the most general and ultimate level. In contrast to ethics, value theory examines value from the self-interested perspective of an individual. What constitutes her good or well-being? What, ultimately, makes her life go better or go worse? Rather than confining our investigation to humans, we will broaden it in an effort to understand well-being generally and therefore across species. As we will see, any serious effort to do so will draw significantly from what we know about animal minds. WHY THIS CHAPTER? Exploring well-being across species is necessary for understanding what benefits , and what harms , animals. If the matters of benefit and harm to animals appear straightforward, appearances are deceiving. Consider an undomesticated dog living in the wild during winter. Food is somewhat scarce. We domesticate the dog and feed him well but keep him inside except for brief walks. He is often bored but hardly suffers. Has he been benefited, on balance? In the wild, let us say, he would exercise his native capacities much more but would also suffer more.
Cancer in Renal Transplant Patients

Abstract In the current era of immunosuppression, renal transplantation is considered the gold standard for renal replacement therapy. In addition to excellent 1-year (95%), and 5-year (80%) graft survival, the mortality advantage over those remaining on dialysis makes it the therapy of choice. This success is due to the use of better immunosuppressant regimens that have prevented graft loss; however, it has resulted in the increased risk of infection and malignancy. In fact, the three most common causes of death of patients with a functioning kidney graft are cardiovascular, infectious and malignancy related. The increased risk of malignancy is thought to be multi-factorial. The issues include: (1) increased risk of genitourinary and thyroid malignancies related to chronic kidney disease; (2) immunosuppression that suppresses the immune system’s tumor surveillance, promotes the development of pro-oncogenic viruses and intrinsically causes the development of malignancies, and (3) the spread of donor-derived malignancies via grafts. In this chapter, the above concepts will be explored and the most practical approaches will be offered to help the clinician screen for malignancy and manage immunosuppression in a post-kidney transplant recipient who is always at an increased risk for malignancy.
Political Parties and Women’s Rights in Turkey

AbstractPolitical parties are important political actors, but they are seldom studied in relation to human rights. This article examines the human rights discourse of political parties in Turkey by focusing on women’s rights. The content analysis of party programmes issued by major political parties between 1923 and 2007 reveals significant differences and changes in parties’ approach to women, ranging from no mentioning of women to addressing women’s issues from a feminist perspective. Women’s rights and issues, once neglected practically by all political parties, have gained attention during the last few decades, largely due to women’s activism. While conservative, religious, and Turkish nationalist parties started to display a dualist approach that combines traditionalism with gender equality, social democrat, socialist, and pro-Kurdish parties increasingly employ feminist terminology and analysis.
Visualization and analysis of lidar waveform data

LiDAR waveform analysis is a relatively new activity in the area of laser scanning. The work described here is an exploration of a different approach to visualization and analysis, following the structure that has evolved for the analysis of imaging spectroscopy data (hyperspectral imaging). The waveform data are transformed into 3-dimensional data structures that provide xy position information, and a z-coordinate, which is the digitized waveform. This allows for representation of the data in spatial and waveform space, the extraction of characteristic spectra, and the development of regions of interest. This representation allows for the application of standard spectral classification tools such as the maximum likelihood classifier.
Negotiating the (legal) right to the city: Public housing demolition and the federal courts in two postindustrial U.S. cities

ABSTRACTPublic housing reform has fostered widespread revitalization in American cities. Courts have been critical to this process, but so far urban scholars have not yet closely analyzed this role...
Electroencephalographic Patterns in Neurocritical Care: Pathologic Contributors or Epiphenomena?

No abstract available Keywords: Coma; Cortical spreading depolarizations; Electroencephalography; Encephalopathy; Ischemia; Seizures.
Summer Learning Programs: Investigating Strengths and Challenges

Given the substantial data that support trends in summer learning loss, researchers have concluded that summertime presents a particularly potent opportunity to help youth learn and develop in significant ways that have been vastly underestimated. Unfortunately, the socioeconomic divide keeps many children out of summer learning programs, meaning that those youth who may most benefit from opportunities to prevent summer learning loss may be least likely to participate in summer learning programs. This chapter examines the strengths and contributions of summer learning programs, along with identifying implementation challenges and gaps in our knowledge base. First, we provide an overview of the components of high quality summer learning programs. Then we address the connection between summer learning programs and youth outcomes and discuss several conceptual and methodological limitations in our understanding of associations between summer learning experiences and youth outcomes. Finally, we consider the role of summer learning in the larger picture of education reform and youth development priorities.
Determination of optical properties, drug concentration, and tissue oxygenation in human pleural tissue before and after Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy.

PDT efficacy depends on the concentration of photosensitizer, oxygen, and light delivery in patient tissues. In this study, we measure the in-vivo distribution of important dosimetric parameters, namely the tissue optical properties (absorption μ a (λ) and scattering μs ’ (λ) coefficients), photofrin concentration (cphotofrin), blood oxygen saturation (%S t O 2 ), and total hemoglobin concentration (THC), before and after PDT. We characterize the inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity of these quantities and explore how these properties change as a result of PDT treatment. The result suggests the need for real-time dosimetry during PDT to optimize the treatment condition depending on the optical and physiological properties.
Quantifying Confidence in DFT Predicted Surface Pourbaix Diagrams and Associated Reaction Pathways for Chlorine Evolution

Catalytic activity predictions and the identification of active sites rely on precisely determining the dominant reaction mechanism. The activity governing mechanism and products could vary with the catalyst material, which can be described by material descriptor(s), typically the binding strength(s) of key intermediate species. Density functional theory calculations can be used to identify dominant reaction mechanisms. However, the dominant reaction mechanism is sensitive to the choice of the exchange-correlation functional. Here, we demonstrate this using the chlorine evolution reaction on rutile oxides as an example, which can occur through at least three reaction mechanisms each mediated by different surface intermediates and active sites. We utilize Bayesian error estimation capabilities within the BEEF-vdW exchange-correlation (XC) functional to quantify the uncertainty associated with predictions of the operative reaction mechanism by systematically propagating the uncertainty originating from DFT-...
Common-mode inductor saturation analysis and design optimization based on spectrum concept

Understanding the CM inductor core saturation mechanism and reducing core flux density is critical for CM inductor design optimization. Instead of a time domain method, this paper introduces frequency domain spectrum concept for CM inductor core saturation analysis and design optimization, which will provide designers a better understanding of CM inductor design. First, both core permeability and converter modulation index's opposite influence on DM flux density and CM flux density are identified. Then, CM flux density is further investigated based on the spectrum concept. Three components in the CM inductor which may cause large CM flux density and core saturation are summarized: (1) switching frequency related components, (2) impedance resonance frequency related components, and (3) modulation frequency related components. Each component is investigated for CM flux density reduction and filter design optimization. A connecting AC and DC side midpoint with notch filter structure is proposed to reduce modulation frequency related components. Experiment results are presented to verify the proposed concept and method.
A Search for Proton Decay into e+π° Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven Collaboration

Observations were made 1570 mwe underground with an 8000 metric ton water Cherenkov detector. During a live-time of 80 days no events consistent with the decay p → e+π° were found in a fiducial mass of 3300 metric tons. We conclude that the limit on the lifetime for bound plus free protons divided by the e+π° branching ratio is τ/B > 1.9 × 1031 yr. (90% confidence). Observed cosmic ray muons and neutrinos are compatible with expectations.
Emotional exhaustion among anesthesia providers at a tertiary care center assessed using the MBI burnout survey.

Burnout is characterized by three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Burnout in health professionals results in reduced job satisfaction, decrease...
Nation Scale Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Normally Isolated Topologies

When network infrastructure is down after disasters such as hurricane Maria, inaccessible due to extreme censorship or nonexistent in remote areas without infrastructure, novel solutions for large scale delay tolerant communications are needed. Nation Scale Mobile Ad Hoc Network, or NSHoc, enables smartphone users to request and receive content via opportunistic encounters at nation scale with no prior knowledge of network members and in sparse topologies where individual nodes may remain isolated for minutes or even hours at a time. We call such sparse topologies normally isolated. It does so by leveraging mobile ad hoc networks that rely on opportunistic encounters between users to distribute content. We use a custom simulator to test the system over two nation scale topologies: Puerto Rico and Syria. With 10K users, NSHoc can deliver over 95% of the requested content to over 97% of users in 143 locations spread throughout Puerto Rico in less than 5 hours on average with a total throughput of .42 pieces of content per second. Significantly, these results are not simply the consequence of popular content being cached. We demonstrate that requests for unpopular content are also satisfied due to the benefits of ubiquitous caching. In addition, we show that NSHoc remains performant across a variety of topologies, mobility models, and content distributions. No known prior work considers such large scale, sparse topologies. This work shows that MANETs are an attractive alternative for distributing content at nation scale in the face of infrastructure loss even when users are normally isolated.