cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Petrologic crystal chemistry

Structural crystallography has been an active field of endeavor ever since the pioneering studies of M. Laue and the Braggs (1912–1913). Since that time the basic methods for solving crystal structures have been applied to many disciplines, including biology, chemistry, mineralogy, and physics. Until about ten years ago, structural crystallography was applied to mineralogy largely by solving new crystal structures, and the results helped greatly in the understanding of the chemistry and physical properties of minerals. The boundary conditions of such studies were usually clearly defined by the solution of the crystal structure, i.e., locating the atoms in the crystal unit cell. In fact, the boundary conditions were so clearly defined that in many geology departments the crystallography laboratory stood as an isolated unit with little interaction with the rest of the department. The crystal structures of most of the important rock-forming minerals are now solved, and crystallography is taking on a new role in geology. Important technological advances involving automated X-ray diffractometery, high-speed digital computers, and new and better spectral techniques enable the crystallographer to study many crystals in a reasonable amount of time and obtain important information on the dependence of the structure on chemical substitutions, cation distributions over crystallographically distinct sites (intracrystalline equilibria), details of bonding, and high-temperature phase transitions. Many of these results are of great interest and importance to the petrologist. The result has been important interaction between crystallography and petrology and hence ‘petrologic crystal chemistry.’ What should or should not be included in the U.S. contribution to this field is somewhat arbitrary, but perhaps the first scientific session on this subject at an AGU meeting in 1967 entitled ‘Properties of Crystalline Solutions’ can set the tone. Over the last four years other scientific sessions at national meetings and smaller conferences have emphasized ‘petrologic crystal chemistry,’ and not only crystallographers, but experimental, field, and theoretical petrologists have attended and contributed. The following discussion and bibliography is an attempt to point out some of the important areas of activity. In keeping with the tradition of the volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology section of AGU the emphasis will be on igneous and metamorphic minerals and, more specifically, on the rock-forming silicates. Selected abstracts are included in the bibliography, but only published papers are considered in the discussion.
Comparison of Satellite Altimetry to Tide Gauge Measurement of Sea Level: Predictions of Glacio-Isostatic Adjustment

Abstract Modern rates of sea level change are of interest because of concerns that global warming may be causing glacier retreat. Both tide gauges and satellite radar altimetry are used to measure the present rates of change in sea level. Tide gauges measure sea level relative to the ocean floor whereas the reference for satellite altimetry is the earth's center. A numerical model of deformation of the earth's solid surface and its geoid forced by melting ice sheets, both past and present, is used to predict the present rate of sea level change as measured by tide gauges and satellites. Sea level change observed by both tide gauges and satellites are predicted to be spatially nonuniform. Considering only past ice sheets tide gauges in glaciated regions would record a fall in sea level of −13 mm yr−1, whereas satellite altimetry would record a rise in sea level of 0.7 mm yr−1. In the region peripheral to the glaciated zone a tide gauge would record a rise in sea level (3 mm yr−1) in contrast to a predicted...
Vulcanization. Part V. The Formation of Crosslinks in the System: Natural Rubber-Sulfur-MBT-Zinc Ion

Abstract The response of the delay time and specific rate of vulcanization (treated as first order) to changes in starting concentrations of accelerator, sulfur and activator in the system: natural rubber-sulfur-MBT-Zn++ was defined by empirically derived relationships. The effects of compounding variables on the number and types of crosslinks formed in the vulcanizate were also studied. A reaction scheme was proposed to explain the role of soluble Zn++. The scheme is consistent with the fact that increases in the concentration of soluble Zn++ give slower specific rates of crosslink formation but more crosslinks. In the scheme, it was proposed that Zn++ chelates certain crosslink presursors.
Viral Pneumonia and Antiviral Therapy in Children

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a major cause of illness in infants and children, frequently leading to outpatient visits to the physician or hospitalization. In industrialized, developed countries the majority of these illnesses are mild, but, unfortunately, fatalities occasionally occur. In addition, there is a possible relationship between lower respiratory tract disease and the occurrence of long-term sequelae.
E-journal Acceptance at Colorado State University: A Case Study

Abstract Colorado State University faculty, graduate students, and administrative professionals were surveyed in Spring 2001 to determine their usage and acceptance of e-journals. A majority of respondents used e-journals at least monthly and preferred multiple access points on the Libraries Webpage and OPAC. Almost all respondents supported adding electronic access to print journal subscriptions, but fewer respondents supported canceling print subscriptions and relying on the electronic subscriptions. Respondents strongly supported having access to journal back runs older than four years and believed that the Libraries had a good balance of print and electronic resources. Serials Review 2003; 29:16–25.
High power eye-safe Er 3+ :YVO 4 laser diode-pumped at 976 nm and emitting at 1603 nm

We report on the performance of an eye-safe laser based on a Er:YVO 4 single crystal, diode-pumped at 976 nm ( 4 I 15/2 → 4 I 11/2 transition) and operating at 1603 nm ( 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 transition) with good beam quality. A 10 mm long Er 3+: YVO 4 slab, cut with its c-axis perpendicular to the laser cavity axis, was pumped in σ-polarization and lased in π-polarization. The laser operated in a quasi-continuous wave (Q-CW) regime with nearly 9 W output power, and with a slope efficiency of about 39% with respect to absorbed power. This is believed to be the highest efficiency and highest power achieved from an Er 3+ :YVO 4 laser pumped in the 970-980 nm absorption band.
Phase-Resolved Near-Field Scan Over Random Fields

This letter discusses an averaging technique for phase-resolved scanning of the fields generated by multiple uncorrelated stochastic sources. This method can separate the field contribution of each noise source into the resulting field patterns as if the sources that are not of interest were turned off . The scanned data can be used to localize the emission sources and to calculate the far-field pattern and total radiated power.
Implementing an Elective BSW Community-Based Evaluation Research Course

This study describes the implementation and assessment of a BSW evaluation research elective that is based in the community. Course goals were to demystify research and help students integrate soci...
Combined Reference Governor and Anti-windup Design for Constrained Hypersonic Vehicles Models

Control of hypersonic vehicles is complicated by the presence of physical limitations on the inputs of the system, which limit the range of feasible reference trajectories that can be tracked without violating the constraints. Constraints on the fuel equivalence ratio arise as a result of thermal choking of the engine when the acceleration demand is too aggressive, whereas control surface deections have obvious physical constraints in place. The upper limit of the equivalence ratio is state-dependent and must be implemented as dynamic saturation, which necessitates anti-windup schemes to be included in the controller. In this paper, anti-windup strategies are proposed in combination with a reference governor that selects the reference inputs in order to avoid frequent occurrence of input saturation. The new controller is designed to be augmented to an existing adaptive controller which has been designed to provide adequate tracking of reference signals for an unconstrained model.
RISK OF POST CABG ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE USING AN IMPLANTABLE LOOP MONITOR: THE MONITOR-AF STUDY

Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) occurs in up to 30% of patients after coronary artery bypass (CABG). POAF is associated with short and long-term mortality, which may be due in part to a high incidence of thromboembolic events. Hypothesis: POAF is the first manifestation of paroxysmal
Military Management and the General Staff

Describes the changes that have occurred in the general staff organization of the Department of Army in the United States in response to the pressures generated by the cold war. Reason for choosing...
Enhancement of Antibody Formation by Nucleic Acids and their Derivatives

It is common knowledge today that antibody forming cells can be either suppressed or enhanced by various manipulative procedures. Our objective in this presentation is to describe experiments in which nucleic acids and their derivatives were found to act as adjuvants by decreasing the induction period and increasing the concentration of circulating antibody following a single injection of antigen.
Network Structure of SCADA System for Dahuofang Water Transmission Project

The application of key technologies in Dahuofang SCADA system,Liaoning is introduced.It includes application of ControlNet field bus、 SJ30B Communication management devices、 AB7006-B gateway and specially design for water transmission project of Dahuofang SCADA system.Besides,it also described the system overview and network structure of Dahuofang water transmission SCADA System.It also gives resolve method for long distance water transmission and telecommunication of SCADA system,and also for different data safely acquisition styles.That may be useful for automatic control system design of long distance water transmission project in future.
Nanotribological and Nanomechanical Characterization of Synthetic Skins With and Without Common Cream Treatment for Cosmetic Science

The nanotribological and nanomechanical data on two relatively inexpensive synthetic skins with and without common cream treatment are presented (Chen and Bhushan in J Colloid Interf Sci 398:247–254, 2013).
Improved nelder mead's simplex method and applications

Derivative free optimization algorithms are often used when it is difficult to find function derivatives, or if finding such derivatives are time consuming. The Nelder Mead's simplex method is one of the most popular derivative free optimization algorithms in the fields of engineering, statistics, and sciences. This algorithm is favored and widely used because of its fast convergence and simplicity. The simplex method converges really well with small scale problems of some variables. However, it does not have much success with large scale problems of multiple variables. This factor has reduced its popularity in optimization sciences significantly. Two solutions of quasi gradients are introduced to improve it in terms of the convergence rate and the convergence speed. The improved algorithm with higher success rate and faster convergence which still maintains the simplicity is the key feature of this paper. This algorithm will be compared on several benchmark functions with the original simplex method and other popular optimization algorithms such as the genetic algorithm, the differential evolution algorithm, and the particle swarm algorithm. Then the comparing results will be reported and discussed.
Prioritizing Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Breast Cancer Surgery Quality Improvement

Breast-cancer-specific tools that measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were developed for use in research or clinical practice, and little is known about these tools’ performance ability for quality improvement. Furthermore, existing tools may not fully reflect all issues that contribute to quality care as seen by patients. Work is needed to identify and validate patient-reported outcome measures for use in quality improvement in breast cancer surgical care. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in order to better understand what HRQOL domains and processes of care define high quality surgical care for women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer from both the patient and clinician perspective. We conducted focus groups and one-on-one interviews with 15 women and administered a prioritization questionnaire to participants. We also conducted a prioritization questionnaire among surgical oncologists, general surgeons, and reconstructive surgeons who are members of the Washington State Medical Association. Both the patient and surgeon prioritization questionnaire asked participants to prioritize HRQOL and treatment satisfaction-related aspects of their breast cancer surgical care at key time points before and after mastectomy. A Stakeholder Advisory Panel was convened to review focus group, interview, and prioritization questionnaire results and make recommendations as to patient-reported outcome domains to focus on and existing instruments to use for quality improvement. Patients and clinicians largely agreed on important HRQOL domains, including emotional well-being, education, communication, and process of care. The Stakeholder Advisory Panel, composed of 12 clinicians and five patients, reviewed study findings and existing patient-reported outcomes measurement tools. The panel recommended that the BREAST-Q, a flexible tool with independently validated modules designed for research and clinical care, is an ideal tool to begin developing novel quality improvement benchmarks focused on patient-reported outcomes.
Variability of Milk Components in 1705 Herds.

Biweekly herd milk samples collected for a 1-year period (January 1, 1984 to December 31, 1984) from 1705 herds in eastern South Dakota, western Minnesota and northwestern Iowa were analyzed to evaluate milk components as factors considered in milk pricing programs. The average composition was 3.71% fat, 8.64% solids-not-fat (SNF), 3.28% protein, 12.35% total solids (TS) and 1.8 × 105 CFU/ml (aerobic plate count). Fat was the most variable (8.4% coefficient of variation) milk component, followed by protein, TS and SNF (6.3, 4.1 and 3.4% coefficient of variation, respectively). The concentration of fat, SNF, protein and TS in milk was lowest in July and August and highest during November through March. Correlation coefficients (r) for fat vs. SNF, protein and TS were 0.40, 0.64 and 0.84, respectively, for SNF vs. protein and TS were 0.70 and 0.83, respectively, and for protein vs. TS was 0.79. Grade A milk had lower aerobic plate counts (3.2 × 104 and 3.0×105 CFU/ml), higher % SNF (8.68 and 8.60), and higher % TS (12.39 and 12.31) than manufacturing grade milk. There were no differences in % fat (3.71 and 3.72) and % protein (3.28 and 3.28) between Grade A and manufacturing grade milks. Some cooperatives and milk plants are paying a SNF premium (8.75% base), stating that an 8.75% SNF is equivalent to a 3.2% protein content. This occurred in herds with 4% fat, 8.75% SNF was equivalent to 3.46% protein. Solids-not-fat component pricing has the potential to be compared to protein pricing if producer grade, seasonal period and fat content of herd milk are considered.
Satisfaction with current martial arts’ uniforms and purchase intention of new uniforms

The purpose of the present study is to investigate martial arts practitioners’ satisfaction with their current uniforms and purchase intention of new uniforms. A total of 588 martial arts practitioners were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk, including 401 men and 187 women. The results indicated that martial art practitioners were satisfied with their current uniforms when three functional attributes were good: quality, fit, and comfort. The aesthetic variable, fashion, only moderately influenced satisfaction with the current uniforms. However, when purchasing new uniforms, both functional and aesthetic attributes were essential factors. In addition, benefits of martial arts and protection from injury were two necessary conditions for commitment to martial arts. However, neither commitment to martial arts or satisfaction with the current uniform contributed to purchase intention of new uniforms. The purchase intention was only related to the characteristics of the new uniforms: whether the new uniforms can enhance practitioners’ functional performance and aesthetic appearance. The present study, for the first time, revealed marital arts practitioners’ strong desire of protection: protection strongly contributed to expected performance, expected appearance, and commitment to martial arts.
Simultaneous multi-segmented mirror orientation test system using a digital aperture based on sheared Fourier analysis

This paper presents a simultaneous multi-segmented mirror orientation test system (SMOTS) using localized sheared images. A CMOS camera captures images of reflected 2D sinusoidal patterns from the test mirrors as their orientation changes. Surface orientation is measured to within 0.8 µrad (0.16 arcseconds) for a flat mirror. In addition, we measure the variation of seven mirror segments simultaneously. Furthermore, SMOTS is applied to measure the orientation of two concave mirrors with an accuracy of 2.7 µrad (0.56 arcseconds). The measurement time for seven segments is 0.07 s. This technique can monitor the mirror segment orientation in an open/closed-loop for various optical setups.
Genomic Scores are Independent of Disease Volume in Men with Favorable Risk Prostate Cancer: Implications for Choosing Men for Active Surveillance

Purpose: We sought to determine whether disease volume at prostate biopsy would correlate with genomic scores among men with favorable risk prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We identified all men with NCCN® (National Comprehensive Cancer Network®) very low and low risk disease who underwent Oncotype DX® prostate testing at our institution from 2013 to 2016. Disease volume was characterized as the percent of positive cores, the number of cores with greater than 50% involvement, the largest involvement of any single core and prostate specific antigen density. Nonparametric testing was performed to compare the median Genomic Prostate Score™ and the likelihood of favorable pathology findings between quartiles of disease volume.Results: We identified 112 (37.8%) and 184 men (62.2%) at NCCN very low and low risk, respectively. Median scores did not differ significantly between disease volume quartiles (all p >0.05). However, the median likelihood of favorable pathology findings statistically differed betwe...
Histochemical and Pharmacological Evidence of the Function of Butyrylcholinesterase

Nearly 40 years ago Alles and Hawes (1) demonstrated that the cholines-terases (ChE) of erythrocytes and plasma differ. The work of Mendel and associates (26, 27), Nachmansohn (29), Augustinsson (2, 3) and others clearly established the distinguishing characteristics between acetylcholinesterase (also called specific, or true ChE, ACh hydrolase; EC3.1.1.7; A ChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (non-specific or pseudo-ChE, acylcholine acyl-hydrolase; EC 3.1.1. 8; BuChE). The former enzyme predominates in the central nervous system (CNS), the motor endplates (MEPs) of skeletal muscle, and erythrocytes, and the latter in many types of smooth muscle, the liver and plasma; both enzymes occur in high concentrations in autonomic ganglia (16). The substrate concentration-velocity of hydrolysis curves for ACh and other Ch esters with A ChE are bellshaped, with the peaks at approximately 0. 003 M. ACh is hydrolyzed most rapidly, methacholine (MeCh) at about one-third and butyrylcholine (BuCh)at only a small percent of the rate of ACh, and benzoylcholine (BzCh) insignificantly. BuChE shows typical sigmoid, Michaelis-Menten type substrate-velocity curves, with the highest rate for BuCh, followed by ACh and BzCh, and practically no hydrolysis of MeCh.
Mucous Membrane Disorders

Examination of the oral cavity can provide important diagnostic information for dermatologic diagnosis and therefore should be included in every skin examination. A variety of skin disorders can be accompanied by mucous membrane involvement. For example, erythema multiforme and systemic lupus erythematosus can cause erosions in the mouth, nose, or eyes. However, this chapter focuses on disorders either exclusively or predominantly confined to mucous membranes, usually of the oral cavity.
Managing Television Commercial Inventory under Competition: An Equilibrium Analysis

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Geng, Q. and Mallik, S. (2019), Managing Television Commercial Inventory under Competition: An Equilibrium Analysis. Decision Sciences, 50: 170-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12317, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12317. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Craniofacial Syndromes: Etiology, Impact and Treatment

Abstract The craniofacial complex is derived from seven separate embryonic swellings (paired maxillary, mandibular and lateral nasal prominences and a singular frontonasal prominence) that grow and fuse together to form a seamless face. The craniofacial complex is derived from tissues of all embryonic origins including ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and endoderm. The most common craniofacial defects affect the growth and development of first arch structures (maxillary and mandibular prominences) and the development of the oral cavity. Midline defects are caused by aberrant growth and development of the frontonasal prominence. Midline defects are among the most difficult to repair because they often involve not only cranial bones and soft tissue, but also the brain.
Treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease by coronary bypass alone.

We have favored treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease with coronary bypass alone because of the high operative mortality of combined mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass. Between 1977 and 1983, coronary bypass alone was performed on 58 patients (mean age 63 ± 8 years). Preoperatively, 90% had Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV angina, and 10% had class III or IV congestive heart failure. In 72 % mitral regurgitation had been caused by coronary disease. Hospital mortality was 3.4% (2/58). At follow-up (100% complete, mean 43 years) 66% of survivors were functional classes I and II (compared with 7 % preoperatively, p
TRANSPORT OF WATER VAPOR THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER

The interdependence between the transport of water vapor through the atmospheric boundary layer and its distribution within the layer is reviewed. The problem is approached by using second-order closure, turbulent transport modeling with the results related to simple mass transfer coefficients. The dependence of moisture fluctuations on such parameters as wind speed, thermal stability, and surface roughness is summarized. The results of example calculations are used to illustrate such phenomena as the influence of water vapor flux on boundary layer stability; the interaction of water vapor with a strong temperature inversion at the top of the boundary layer; the interaction between thermal radiation, condensation, and turbulence when phase change occurs in the boundary layer; and the relative role of different size eddies in transporting water vapor across the boundary layer.
Drosophila Mutants that Are Motile but Respond Poorly to All Stimuli Tested: Mutants in RNA Splicing and RNA Helicase, Mutants in The Boss

Adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies were placed into one end of a tube near to repellents (benzaldehyde and heat) and away from the other end containing attractants (light and a favored temperature). They escaped from the repellents and went to the attractants. Five motile mutants that failed to do that were isolated. They did not respond to any external attractants tested or external repellents tested. In addition, they did not respond well to internal sensory stimuli like hunger, thirst, and sleep. The mutants, although motile, failed to respond to stimuli at both 34C and at room temperature. Some of the mutants have been mapped. It is proposed that the information from the different sensory receptors comes together at an intermediate, called "inbetween" (Inbet), that brings about a behavioral response. The Boss is defined here.
A study of the hatching process in aquatic invertebrates

The hatching process was observed in eggs of Notonecta melaena. A thick outer egg membrane ruptured at the cephalic end by pressure from within, exerted by the expansion of an inner egg membrane which forms a blister over the head. The osmotic nature of this expansion is demonstrated. The pronymph then drank water and its head pushed forward. At the same time, the blister membrane broke. The pronymph then emerged by a combination of a swelling of its body and a worm-like expansion and contraction in the abdominal region. The body swelled from a copious ingestion and absorption of water. The appendages did not participate in any way during hatching. At the termination of the emergence, a second inner membrane was ruptured. Shortly thereafter the pronymph underwent an ecdysis and swam away as a fully formed nymph. The eggs of Ranatra absona hatched in a somewhat similar manner, but the blister membrane was broken only after the head pushed against it. Also, the second inner membrane was ruptured long before the emergence of the nymph had been completed. In addition, there was no pronymphal stage and no ecdysis immediately after emergence. The eggs of Amnicola (?) hydrobioides are described. They were laid at an advanced stage of development. The young were very small (ca. 350 × 270 µ) and were surrounded by single egg membranes whose diameters were about % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGOmaKaaGm% aaliaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa!385B!\[2{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}\] times that of the young. Hatching was through a mechanical tearing motion by the foot and proboscis, but the tearing reflex set in only after the egg membrane collapsed. Evidence is presented which suggests that the collapse was caused by the enzymatic softening of the membrane.
AFFORDABLE SENIOR HOUSING AND HEALTH AMONG LOW-INCOME OLDER IMMIGRANTS: THE ROLE OF SERVICE USES

Older immigrants in affordable senior housing face a unique set of challenges due to their demographic, social, economic, and cultural diversity. Existing knowledge about health among this unique but increasing aging subgroup population is extremely limited. Focusing on older immigrants subgroups (Asian and Russian older adults) in affordable senior housing in St.Louis, MO, this study aimed to examine to what extent different ethnic minority elders’ health varies by their uses of services available in the housing. Data came from the survey interviews at a subsidized independent senior housing in St. Louis (n=136). Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to examine ethnic differences in self-rated health and the role of services for the health of low-income ethnic minor elders in senior housing. Compared to the non-immigrants (White/African older adults), Asian (b=0.67, p<.05) and Russian residents (b=0.89, p<.05) were likely to have lower self-rated health. Interestingly, for both ethnic groups, they report a better self-rated health when they use supportive daily service (i.e. e.g. meal delivery, transportation, housekeeping and others) (b= -0.84, p<.05 for Asian, b=- 0.90, p<.05.for Russian) and social service (e.g. recreational, wellness, and exercise programs) (b= -0.73, p<.05 for Asian, b=- 0.83, p<.05.for Russian). Our findings point to an important role of services for the health of low-income ethnic minor elders in senior housing. As the first attempt to examine services that explicitly focus on ethnic minority elders, our study provides meaningful implications for future research on the health and service needs for older immigrant populations in senior housing.
Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Adult Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Study

Background Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at high risk for Varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. Shingrix, the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, is a new alternative to the live-attenuated VZV vaccine for immunocompromised individuals. Post-marketing data on its immunogenicity and safety in HCT is limited. Objectives To assess the safety and immunogenicity of Shingrix vaccine in HCT recipients. Methods Single center retrospective study of 134 consecutive adult allogenic and autologous HCT recipients who received the full series (two doses) of Shingrix vaccine. Primary study end points were safety and immunogenicity defined as either seroconversion in previously seronegative individuals or 4-fold increase from baseline VZV IgG titers in previously exposed patients. Results Among the 134 patients who completed vaccine series, 39 patients including 25 allogeneic and 14 autologous HCT recipients (Figure), had serological data available at baseline and after completion of vaccine series. The median age of patients at the time of HCT was 61 years (IQR, 53-67). The median time from HCT to first dose of Shingrix vaccine was 9 months (IQR, 7-14) for the entire cohort, but it was significantly shorter in autologous versus allogeneic HCT recipients: 7 (IQR, 6-8) vs. 12 (IQR, 9-16) months (P=0.003 by Mann Whitney test), respectively. Vaccine administration was very well tolerated, out of 134 patients only two (1.4%) had documented adverse events following Shingrix (and other vaccines co-administered), including injection site reaction after second dose and flu-like syndrome with fatigue and non-productive cough after the first dose (n=1 each). Both reactions occurred in autologous HCT recipients. The median time from the second Shingrix dose to post-vaccination VZV IgG titer assessment was 3.5 (IQR, 2-6) months. A total of 16 (41%) patients had documented humoral vaccine responses as measured by post vaccination VZV IgG levels including 8/14 (57%) autologous HCT recipients compared to 8/25 (32%) allogeneic HCT recipients (P=0.18 by Fisher's exact test). Among the 16 responders, the VZV IgG antibody concentration index increased from 179 (2.1-559) to 3,868 (2,232-4,000) (P Conclusions A 2-dose course of adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine was well tolerated among adult HCT recipients. Vaccine humoral responses occurred in less than half of the patients although vaccine seems to be more immunogenic following autologous HCT and among seronegative patients. Although Shingrix vaccine is currently only licensed for VZV seropositive patients, our data indicate that this recombinant vaccine may also be useful for primary VZV immunization. Larger studies are needed.
Efficient Splitting of Measures and Necklaces.

We provide approximation algorithms for two problems, known as NECKLACE SPLITTING and $\epsilon$-CONSENSUS SPLITTING. In the problem $\epsilon$-CONSENSUS SPLITTING, there are $n$ non-atomic probability measures on the interval $[0, 1]$ and $k$ agents. The goal is to divide the interval, via at most $n (k-1)$ cuts, into pieces and distribute them to the $k$ agents in an approximately equitable way, so that the discrepancy between the shares of any two agents, according to each measure, is at most $2 \epsilon / k$. It is known that this is possible even for $\epsilon = 0$. NECKLACE SPLITTING is a discrete version of $\epsilon$-CONSENSUS SPLITTING. For $k = 2$ and some absolute positive constant $\epsilon$, both of these problems are PPAD-hard. We consider two types of approximation. The first provides every agent a positive amount of measure of each type under the constraint of making at most $n (k - 1)$ cuts. The second obtains an approximately equitable split with as few cuts as possible. Apart from the offline model, we consider the online model as well, where the interval (or necklace) is presented as a stream, and decisions about cutting and distributing must be made on the spot. For the first type of approximation, we describe an efficient algorithm that gives every agent at least $\frac{1}{nk}$ of each measure and works even online. For the second type of approximation, we provide an efficient online algorithm that makes $\text{poly}(n, k, \epsilon)$ cuts and an offline algorithm making $O(nk \log \frac{k}{\epsilon})$ cuts. We also establish lower bounds for the number of cuts required in the online model for both problems even for $k=2$ agents, showing that the number of cuts in our online algorithm is optimal up to a logarithmic factor.
Baseline MR Staging of Rectal Cancer: A Practical Approach

As therapeutic options to treat rectal cancers have advanced over the last several decades, MRI has become the standard of care for baseline local tumor and nodal staging of rectal cancers. An understanding of the technique, anatomy, tumor appearance, and elements of staging on MRI is essential to provide prognostic information and to guide neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical treatment. We provide a framework for imaging the rectum on MRI followed by a practical case-based approach to interpretation of pre-treatment MRI of the rectum in evaluation of rectal cancers, with examples and illustrations of the range of local tumor (T) stage and nodal (N) disease involvement. This approach can be paired with standardized reporting templates to support clear, accurate and clinically relevant imaging assessment of rectal cancers.
Impact of postoperative pancreatic fistula on long-term oncologic outcomes after pancreatic resection.

Abstract Background The short-term morbidity associated with post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is well established, however data regarding the long-term impact are lacking. We aim to characterize long-term oncologic outcomes of POPF after pancreatic resection through a single institution, retrospective study of pancreatic resections performed for adenocarcinoma from 2009 to 2016. Methods Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis (MVA) were used to evaluate impact of POPF on overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). Results 767 patients were included. 82 (10.6%) developed grade B (n = 67) or C (n = 15) POPF. Grade C POPF resulted in decreased OS when compared to no POPF (20.22 vs 26.33 months, p = 0.027) and to grade B POPF (20.22 vs. 26.87 months, p = 0.049). POPF patients were less likely to receive AC than those without POPF (59.5% vs 74.9%, p = 0.003) and grade C POPF were less likely to receive AC than all others (26.7% vs 74.2%, p = 0.0001). Conclusion POPF patients are less likely to receive AC and more likely to have delay in time to AC. These factors are exacerbated in grade C POPF and likely contribute to decreased OS. These findings validate the clinical significance of the ISGPF definition of POPF.
Lecture 1 Demonstrably Necessary Uses of Abstraction

These are notes from a series of 4 lectures delivered at the U Penn Mathematics Department titled “necessary uses of abstraction”.
Examining Spatiotemporal and Sentiment Patterns of Evacuation Behavior During 2017 Hurricane Harvey

Recent decades have witnessed an increasing risk of natural disasters, causing a large amount of loss of assets all over the world. It is widely acknowledged that a more comprehensive understanding of the evacuation behaviors will significantly mitigate the loss of natural hazards, and can also improve the management process for corresponding agencies. Social media platform with user-generated content provides great potentials in better understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of the evacuation. However, existing work mainly focuses on the general spatio-temporal pattern, failing to analyze evacuation movements at different stages of disaster (e.g. preparedness, response, and recovery), and lacks comprehensive analysis with user-generated content (e.g. sentiment). Taking the 2017 Hurricane Harvey as a case study, we generate the Twitter-based trajectories of users spatio-temporally affected by Hurricane Harvey, and conduct analysis by considering differently affected regions at different disaster stages, and further visualize the spatiotemporal and sentiment pattern of the evacuation behavior.
A Comparison of Proposed Methods for the In Vitro Synthesis of Edible Carbohydrates

This report is the result of an eleven week systems design project sponsored jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the American Society of Engineering Education. The group consisted of eighteen faculty members from across the nation, representing a number of disciplines. Stanford University and Ames Research Center were the host institutions for the project. The purpose was both to give the participants experience in systems engineering and to produce a useful study.
Why Judicial Elections Stink

Those who are concerned about judicial independence and accountability in the United States quite rightly focus their attention on state judicial election campaigns. It is there that the most sustained and successful efforts to threaten judicial tenure in response to isolated, unpopular judicial decisions have occurred; and it is there that escalating campaign spending has created a public perception that judges are influenced by the contributions they receive. Attempts to address these problems have been undermined by four political realities that the author refers to as “the Axiom of 80”: Eighty percent of the public favors electing their judges; eighty percent of the electorate does not vote in judicial races; eighty percent is unable to identify the candidates for judicial office; and eighty percent believes that when judges are elected, they are subject to influence from the campaign contributors who made the judges’ election possible.
Signal Transduction Pathways in Development and Immunity: Rel Pathways

The nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)/Rel signal transduction pathway is conserved from simple multicellular eukaryotes, such as sponges and insects, to humans and controls a variety of processes involved primarily in immunity and development. The NFκB family of transcription factors includes several structurally related proteins that form dimers, which regulate the expression of numerous genes by binding to specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sites near these genes. In mammals, the NFκB pathway is important in the control of innate and adaptive immunity, immune cell development, cell proliferation and cell survival. In insects, the NFκB pathway controls the establishment of dorsal–ventral polarity in the early embryo and an antimicrobial response. Activation of NFκB transcription factors occurs via a series of biochemical steps and involves translocation of NFκB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it can activate gene expression. Misregulation of the NFκB pathway is also implicated in several human disease states, including many types of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Key concepts: NFκB and Rel proteins are part of a family of transcription factors whose activity is controlled primarily by subcellular localization. Many extracellular signals can activate a multicomponent signal transduction pathway that leads to nuclear localization of NFκB/Rel proteins where they control the transcription of many important effector genes. NFκB/Rel transcription factors control a number of evolutionarily conserved developmental and immune processes. In Drosophila, NFκB/Rel signalling controls the immune response of flies to fungal and bacterial infections. In vertebrates, NFκB/Rel signalling controls the innate immune response, cell survival and the development of several specific cell types, such as liver cells, immune cells and skin cells. Misregulation of NFκB/Rel activity occurs in a number of human diseases, including several chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Keywords: NF-kappaB; Rel; Dorsal; transcription factor; immune response
Decolonisation and nation-building in New Caledonia Reflections on the 2014 elections

The French Pacific island ‘collectivity’ of New Caledonia has faced serious challenges in decolonising since the Second World War because, unlike Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the US, it is a ...
One Law to Control Them All: International Merger Analysis in the Wake of GE/Honeywell

The proposed merger of General Electric and Honeywell International, two U.S. owned and operated companies, was blocked on an international level by the European Commission even after its domestic approval. Despite the closeness of U.S. and EU antitrust laws, regulators in both countries reached opposite conclusions regarding the effects of the merger. This case highlights the complexities of international merger analysis in the absence of a global competition policy and the dangers that inherently exist in the current regulatory landscape. This has made it clear that countries with restrictive merger guidelines can become the gatekeepers for large scale international mergers. Specifically, China has recently enacted antitrust legislation that may grant them the power of ultimate decision in mergers that cross their boundaries, even if Chinese involvement is only a small component of the overall merger.
Fluid dynamics: Turbulence spreads like wildfire

A simple model captures the key features of the transition from smooth to turbulent flow for a fluid in a pipe. The findings pave the way for more-complex models and may have engineering ramifications. See Letter p.550 A fluid or gas passing through a pipe will flow smoothly at low speeds but turbulently at high speeds. The transition between these two regimes is complex, with turbulent disturbances first appearing as localized patches that can behave in a variety of different ways depending on the precise flow conditions — decaying, splitting or expanding. Bjorn Hof and colleagues look at this transition regime in detail, mapping out the behaviours as a function of the flow conditions. They show how the evolution from smooth to patchy to fully developed turbulent flow can be rationalized using a theoretical picture that takes into account the underlying nonlinearities intrinsic to fluid dynamics.
On the nonexistence of elements of Kervaire invariant one

We show that the Kervaire invariant one elements θj ∈ π2j+1−2S exist only for j ≤ 6. By Browder’s Theorem, this means that smooth framed manifolds of Kervaire invariant one exist only in dimensions 2, 6, 14, 30, 62, and possibly 126. Except for dimension 126 this resolves a longstanding problem in algebraic topology.
A comparison of the uptake, metabolism and biologic effects of retinol delivered to human keratinocytes either free or bound to serum retinol-binding protein.

In response to body demands, retinol (ROL) is secreted from the liver into the circulation bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). The mechanism by which ROL is transferred from RBP to target cells remains controversial. To study ROL delivery, we have used a model system of cultured human foreskin keratinocytes (HKc) to compare the uptake, metabolism and biologic effects of ROL added either directly to the medium or bound to RBP. [ 3 H]ROL added directly to the medium was rapidly taken up by HKc, and maximal accumulation of [ 3 H]ROL occurred by 3 h
A new method for piezothermoelastic problems of solids of crystal class 6 mm in Cartesian coordinates

Abstract Applications of piezoelectric materials for the development of “intelligent” structural and mechanical systems through sensing, actuation, and control have received considerable interest recently. In this document, we present a new analytical method for Piezothermoelastic problems of solids of crystal class 6 mm in Cartesian coordinate system. In the formulation presented, potential functions are introduced to represent the coupled thermal, elastic, and mechanical fields, which satisfy the thermal, mechanical, and electrical equilibrium and prescribed boundary conditions. It is shown that the formulation presented here is simpler and direct than that presented by Ashida et al. [Int. J. Engng. Sci. 31 (3) (1993) 373; J. Thermal Stresses 17 (1994a) 361; ZAMM, Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 74 (2) (1994b) 87; JSME Int. J. 37 (1994c) 334; JSME Int. J. 37 (1994d) 341] and it eliminates the need to discuss special cases. To demonstrate applications of the technique, a thin infinite piezoelectric plate subjected to thermal, electrical, and mechanical loads at a rectangular patch is considered. Numerical calculations for the stresses and the electrical potential are carried out for a cadmium selenide body exhibiting class 6 mm symmetry. Results of these calculations are presented graphically.
A method for the study of the diabetogenic activity of pituitary growth hormone preparations in the rat.

STUDIES on the nature of the diabetogenic actions of pituitary growth hormone have been impeded by the paucity of suitable techniques for the detection and quantitative estimate of this activity. The dog and cat are the species most sensitive to the diabetogenic action of growth and an assay procedure using the cat has been devised by Reid (1952, 1953). While this technique has been used most effectively by Reid it does suffer from the disadvantage that the cat is a relatively expensive animal to keep in the laboratory. It would obviously be a considerable advantage if one of the smaller, more standard laboratory animals, such as the rat or mouse could be adapted for test purposes. Unfortunately, both these species are relatively insensitive to the diabetogenic action of growth hormone unless previously made susceptible by partial pancreatectomy (Long, Katzin and Fry, 1940) or by alloxan treatment (Milman and Russell, 1950)
Use of illite clay for in situ remediation of 137Cs-contaminated water bodies: field demonstration of reduced biological uptake.

We hypothesized that adding micaceous minerals to 137Cs-contaminated aquatic systems would serve as an effective in situ remediation technique by sequestering the contaminant and reducing its bioavailability. Results from several laboratory studies are presented from which an effective amendment material was chosen for a replicated field study. The field study was conducted over a 2-year period and incorporated 16 3.3-m diameter column-plots (limnocorrals) that were randomly placed in a 137Cs-contaminated pond. The limnocorrals received three rates of amendment treatments to their water surfaces. The amendment material was a commercially available mineral with high sorption (Kd > 9000 L kg-1) and low desorption (<20%) characteristics for cesium, even in the presence of high concentrations of the competing cation, NH4+. In the treated limnocorrals, 137Cs concentrations were reduced some 25−30-fold in the water, 4−5-fold in aquatic plants, and 2−3-fold in fish. The addition of the amendment did not adversel...