cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on Thermal Properties of Different Types of High-Strength Concrete

The knowledge of high temperature thermal properties is critical for evaluating the fire response of concrete structures. This paper presents the effect of temperature on the thermal properties of different types of high-strength concrete (HSC). Specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion are measured for three concrete types, namely, HSC, self-consolidating concrete (SCC), and fly ash concrete (FAC), in the temperature range from 20–800°C. The effect of steel, polypropylene, and hybrid fibers on thermal properties of HSC and SCC is also investigated. Results from experiments show that SCC possesses higher thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal expansion than HSC and FAC in the 20–800°C temperature range. Data generated from tests is utilized to develop simplified relationships for expressing different thermal properties as a function of temperature. The proposed thermal property relationships can be used as input data for evaluating the response of concrete structures under fire conditions.
The emotional sources of "chills" induced by music.

Music modifies moods and emotions by interacting with brain mechanisms that remain to be identified. One powerful emotional effect induced by music is a shivery, gooseflesh type of skin sensation (commonly called "chills" or "thrills"), which may reflect the brain9s ability to extract specific kinds of emotional meaning from music. A large survey indicated that college-age students typically prefer to label this phenomenon as "chills" rather than "thrills," but many mistakenly believe that happiness in music is more influential in evoking the response than sadness. A series of correlational studies analyzing the subjective experience of chills in groups of students listening to a variety of musical pieces indicated that chills are related to the perceived emotional content of various selections, with much stronger relations to perceived sadness than happiness. As a group, females report feeling more chills than males do. Because feelings of sadness typically arise from the severance of established social bonds, there may exist basic neurochemical similarities between the chilling emotions evoked by music and those engendered by social loss. Further study of the "chill" response should help clarify how music interacts with a specific emotional process of the normal human brain.
A Community-Wide Effort to Reduce Hospital Utilization By Patients Requiring Nursing Home Placement

Described is an effort by health care providers to reduce hospital utilization by increasing admissions to skilled nursing facilities from hospitals. For a 6-month period, there were increased admissions from hospitals to nursing homes and a reduced number of hospital nonacute patients who required long-term care placement. Eventually, however, the nursing homes shifted their admission patterns to accept more persons from non-hospital settings. As a result, admissions from hospitals declined and the number of nonacute patients in hospitals increased.
Optimization of structural designs for a safe failure pattern: layered material systems

Abstract The optimization of structural designs for a safe failure of laminated material systems was analyzed along with built-in damage indicators. This design methodology is based on the concept of a characteristic failure signature (CFS) and three-dimensional laminate analysis of layered composite materials. The analytical model used is able to predict the CFS of a non-linear stress/strain response, accumulation of damage and failure behavior. The analysis of CFSs was based on an incremental formulation of a three-dimensional laminated media analysis coupled with a progressive ply failure methodology. CFSs are shown to have unique safety features which depend on the ply stacking sequence and predominant loading conditions for a particular industrial application. Various examples of tailoring a safe CFS for anisotropic laminated structures are discussed.
Flexibility is not always adaptive: Affective flexibility and inflexibility predict rumination use in everyday life

The present study examined whether cognitive flexibility in the processing of emotional material (i.e., affective flexibility) predicts the use of rumination in response to negative events in daily life. One hundred fifty-seven undergraduate participants completed daily diaries for six consecutive days. Affective flexibility was measured with a novel task-switching paradigm using emotional pictures. Results show that affective inflexibility when switching away from processing the emotional meaning of negative material was associated with increased use of rumination in daily life. In contrast, affective inflexibility when switching away from processing the emotional meaning of positive material was related to decreased use of rumination. Importantly, affective flexibility predicted use of rumination beyond non-affective measures of executive functioning. This is the first study to show that inflexibility is not uniformly associated with increased rumination but that inflexibility in the processing of posit...
An improved direct blood transfusion apparatus

Abstract 1. 1. An improved direct blood transfusion apparatus is presented. 2. 2. It has a four-way air-tight valve with straight passages of large caliber (.22 inch). 3. 3. It allows rapid transfer of blood from donor to recipient with minimum trauma to red blood cells. 4. 4. It furnishes clean, warm saline for donor or recipient. 5. 5. It provides a method of rapidly cleaning the syringe. 6. 6. Adapters are presented that fit any surface of the arm and any standard needle, and hold the needles in the veins.
[[(1E)‐2‐(Trimethylsilyl)ethenyl]seleno]‐benzene

1, R = Me[130267-88-8] C11H16SeSi (MW 255.29) InChI = 1S/C11H16SeSi/c1-13(2,3)10-9-12-11-7-5-4-6-8-11/h4-10H,1-3H3/b10-9+ InChIKey = FKHOLHHPSQIKEE-MDZDMXLPSA-N 2, R = Et [155623-70-4] C14H22SeSi (MW 297.37) InChI = 1S/C14H22SeSi/c1-4-16(5-2,6-3)13-12-15-14-10-8-7-9-11-14/h7-13H,4-6H2,1-3H3/b13-12+ InChIKey = UFKZJOAJGKZGEV-OUKQBFOZSA-N 3, R = i-Pr [155623-71-5] C17H28SeSi (MW 339.45) InChI = 1S/C17H28SeSi/c1-14(2)19(15(3)4,16(5)6)13-12-18-17-10-8-7-9-11-17/h7-16H,1-6H3/b13-12+ InChIKey = RSGRHGBGOAAXPZ-OUKQBFOZSA-N (cyclopentenone annulation of α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides,1 cyclopropanation2-10 and cyclobutanation11 of activated alkenes) Alternate Name: (E)-1-(phenylseleno)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethene. Physical Data: bp 80–82 °C at 1 mmHg. Solubility: dichloromethane; 1,2-dichloroethane. Form Supplied in: colorless oil; can contain 7% of Z-isomer. Analysis of Reagent Purity: olefin geometry assayed by 1H and 13C NMR. 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3); 0.072 (s, 9H), 6.18 (d, J = 18.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J = 18.1 Hz), 7.31–7.35 (m, 3H), 7.51–7.56 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (50.1 MHz, CDCl3): −1.18 (CH3), 127.8 (CH), 129.4 (CH), 129.5 (C), 133.9 (CH), 134.4 (CH), 134.5 (CH). Preparative Methods: two main preparative methods have been described in the literature. Addition of Tri-n-butyltin Hydride to Trimethylsilylacetylene to give (E)-1-trimethylsilyl-2-tri-n-butylstannylethene followed by treatment with n-butyllithium to afford (E)-trimethylsilylvinyllithium and subsequent Diphenyl Diselenide quench afforded the title compound in 64% yield as the geometrically pure E-isomer (eq 1).1 (1) Anti-Markovnikov addition of phenylseleno radical (generated from Benzeneselenol and catalytic Diphenyl Diselenide by irradiation with 500 W tungsten lamp in a Pyrex glass tube) to Trimethylsilylacetylene furnished a 44% yield of 1 as a 93:7 mixture of E:Z isomers(eq 2).2 (2) Purification: distillation, bp 80–82 °C at 1 mmHg. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use in a fume hood.
Determinants of 30-d readmission after colectomy

Background: Readmission after colectomy has become an important metric for measuring quality of care. Our aim was to investigate the impact of patient and hospital characteristics on 30-d readmission rates among patients undergoing colectomies in Pennsylvania. Methods: Data were obtained from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council, whichincludedallpatientsundergoing colectomyduring2011(n ¼10,155).Characteristicsof non-readmitted and readmitted patients were compared with univariate tests. The primary outcome was 30-d readmission, which was modeled using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 10,155 patients who underwent colectomy, 1492 (14.7%) were readmitted within 30 d of discharge. Readmission was influenced by the underlying diagnosis (P < 0.001). Additionally, readmission was more likely with a Charlson comorbidity index � 2 (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.57, P < 0.001), emergent admission (OR ¼ 1.26, P ¼ 0.001), an inhospital complication (OR ¼ 1.46, P < 0.001), lowest quartile for surgeon volume (OR ¼ 1.24, P ¼ 0.01), and construction of an ileostomy (OR ¼ 2.31, P < 0.001). Factors associated with decreased likelihood of readmission included laparoscopic surgery (OR ¼ 0.73, P < 0.001). No association with hospital volume was found. Conclusions: A 30-d readmission after colectomy is influenced by numerous patient- and
Gain-verification problem in extreme ultraviolet lasing.

The verification of gain on extreme ultraviolet ion lines in elongated plasmas using optically thin intercombination lines from similar ions is proposed. New impurity-line identifications in laser-produced plasmas suggest that recent reports of gain at 58.23 A may be inconclusive.
An Automated Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Planning System

We design and implement an intensity-modulated radiation therapy plan generation technology that effectively and efficiently optimizes beam geometry as well as beam intensities. Our approach is based on an existing linear programming-based fluence map optimization model that approximates dose-volume requirements using conditional value-at-risk (C-VaR) constraints. We show how the parameters of the C-VaR constraints can be used to control various metrics of treatment plan quality. Next, we develop an automated search strategy for parameter tuning. Finally, beam angle selection is integrated with fluence map optimization. The beam angle selection scheme employs a bicriteria scoring of beam angle geometries and a selection mechanism to choose from among the set of nondominated geometries. The overall technology is automated and generates several high-quality treatment plans satisfying dose prescription requirements in a single invocation and without human guidance. The technology has been tested on various real-patient cases with uniform success.
Posterolateral fusion of the lumbosacral spine.

In this study we were primarily concerned with two basic questions: Does this procedure result in a higher percentage of successful fusions, as compared with the other established techniques? Do the advantages of this procedure outweigh the disadvantages? It is difficult to assess accurately the relative merits of this operation on the basis of this rather modest series. If we accept these figures as having some statistical significance, the two basic questions would have to be answered affirmatively, since the results compare favorably with the published series where other techniques were used 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,14 (Table I). In our hands, this procedure has markedly reduced the incidence of pseudarthrosis following attempted spine fusion.
Construction Planning for a Sea-Level Panama Canal

The conversion of the existing Panama Lock Canal to sea level will be the largest earthmoving project ever undertaken. Depending on the final cross section selected, it will require the excavation of between one and 1.5 billion cubic yards of a variety of materials. The magnitude of earthmoving, the project characteristics, preliminary analyses, the direction of the construction studies, and the determinate factors are described. The broad construction decisions that must be made in planning for excavation of a sea-level canal in the Panama Canal Zone, are outlined and summarized.
Advanced Diffusion MR Tractography for Surgical Planning

A goal of neurosurgery is to preserve both functionally important cortices and the underlying white matter tracts. Damage to either portion of a pathway may cause postoperative functional deficit. Diffusion MR tractography remains the only noninvasive method of determining the subcortical course of white matter tracts. Tractography based upon diffusion MR can follow a specific white matter tract from voxel to voxel in 3D through the brain. Diffusion MR tractography complements other surgical mapping techniques which are restricted to the grey matter. However, the quality and clinical utility of diffusion tractography is dependent on the type of MRI acquisition and post-processing algorithm used. Traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used for surgical planning, but fails to accurately represent the microstructure of crossing white matter tracts. The insufficiencies of DTI have motivated the development of advanced diffusion MR techniques capable of accurately describing the microstructure and connectivity of complex white matter tracts. This chapter describes how advanced diffusion MR improves white matter tract localization and enhances surgical planning.
Entwöhnung von langfristiger Sondenernährung

Junge Kinder mit einer umfassenden Krankengeschichte (z. B. Fruhgeburt, komplexe Operationen oder Krankheiten) haben haufig Futterungsstorungen und werden uber eine Sonde ernahrt. Die Sondenernahrung stellt eine effektive und wichtige Behandlung zur Pravention einer Malnutrition dar. Sie reduziert jedoch auch die Motivation des Kindes, selbststandig zu essen, und kann zur Aversion gegen orale Nahrungszufuhr fuhren. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie erfolgreich die klinische Hungerprovokation bei jungen Kindern mit Langzeitsondierung ist. In einer Cross-over-Studie wurden 22 Kinder (Alter 11 bis 26 Monate) mit Langzeitsondierung in 2 Gruppen randomisiert: Gruppe A (Intervention) wurde mithilfe eines 2-wochigen multidisziplinaren Hungerprovokationsprogramms behandelt, und Gruppe B (Kontrolle) wurde 4 Wochen lang durch dasselbe Team poliklinisch behandelt. Bei erfolgloser Therapie fand ein Cross-over zur anderen Therapieform statt. Innerhalb von 2 Wochen wurden 9 der 11 Patienten in der Gruppe A erfolgreich sondenentwohnt. (Ein Patient entwickelte eine Colitis ulcerosa; bei einem Patienten wurde die Behandlung auf Wunsch der Eltern beendet.) Dagegen konnte nur ein Patient aus Gruppe B erfolgreich entwohnt werden. Die anderen 10 Patienten wechselten anschliesend ins Hungerprovokationsprogramm; im Rahmen dieses Programms konnte die Sondenernahrung bei samtlichen dieser Patienten erfolgreich auf orale Nahrungszufuhr umgestellt werden. Sechs Monate nach der Therapie waren 20/21 Patienten noch immer vollstandig entwohnt, bei einem Patienten war die Sondenernahrung noch teilweise notwendig. Zusammengefasst wurden in Gruppe B 1/11 (9 %) der Patienten erfolgreich entwohnt, verglichen mit 18/21 (86 %) der Patienten in Gruppe A (p < 0,001). Die multidisziplinare klinische Hungerprovokation stellt eine sehr erfolgreiche schnelle Behandlung bei langzeitig sondierten jungen Kindern dar.
Disabling Democracy: How Disability Reconfigures Deliberative Democratic Norms

Deliberative democrats often encounter the tension between inclusion and intelligibility. To fulfill conditions of justice, deliberation requires full inclusion, but the need for intelligible communication excludes members from participating, particularly due to age or disability. In this scenario, inclusion is sacrificed for intelligibility. This paper argues that no sacrifice is necessary. Instead, by analyzing the experiences of people with disabilities, it shows how speechless populations offer an alternative account of embodied participation wherein deliberative democracy is expanded from a verbal exchange to a bodily process. Embodied participation suggests that deliberants are bound not by norms of communicative reciprocity, but are rather enmeshed in reciprocal dependence that binds members of communities together. Habermas offers an ideal site to pursue this analysis because he recognizes the theoretical tension between inclusion and intelligibility and because his personal testimony reveals important insight into the lived experience of disability.
Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor-1α downregulates the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition early marker proteins without undermining cell survival in hypoxic lens epithelial cells.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify potential therapeutic strategies to slow down or prevent the expression of early-onset epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins (fibronectin and alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) without sacrificing the synthesis and accumulation of the prosurvival protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured virally transformed human lens epithelial (HLE) cells.
Would you Want Your Son to Marry a Marketing Lady

Here's how Farmer closed his article on “Would You Want Your Daughter to Marry a Marketing Man?” ten years ago:If that nice young man who has dates with your daughter turns out to be a marketing ma...
Some Factors Influencing Population Growth of the Aster Leafhopper in Anoka County, Minnesota

The effects of host plant relations and weather conditions on the abundance of the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), were studied under greenhouse and field conditions from 1958 to 1962. Host plants preferred for both feeding and reproduction included barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis L. (Scop.); fowl-meadow grass, Poa palustris L.; horseweed, Erigeron canadensis L.; lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.; oats, Avena sativa L.; rye, Secale cereale L.; and wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., was sometimes a suitable host in the field but not in the greenhouse. Carrots, Daucus carota var. sativa L.; potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L.; dill, Anethum graveolens L.; and radishes, Raphanus sativus L., were important food plants but not good breeding hosts. Later plantings of oats, rye, and wheat had significantly higher populations of leafhoppers than early plantings. The seasonal sequence of host plants was important in determining the buildup of leafhoppers. Snow cover during the winter appeared to provide protection for overwintering eggs of the leafhopper. This species may disperse from north to south during the summer as well as from south to north in the spring. Local conditions which appear to be most favorable for a severe outbreak of the aster leafhopper are (1) a large influx of leafhoppers in the spring, (2) warm weather in May and June to permit rapid increase of the leafhoppers, and (3) adequate precipitation and soil moisture to provide an abundance of succulent host plants.
Soft Tissue Release for Subluxation of the Hip in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Release surgery of soft tissues including the iliopsoas, adductor muscle of the hip, hamstring and Achilles' tendon has been performed for subluxation in patients with cerebral palsy. This retrospective study evaluated 47 hips in 31 patients with cerebral palsy. Results were analyzed a mean of four years after procedures with assessment of their locomotion, migration percentage, sharp angle and center edge angle. Locomotion improved in 24 (71%) of the 31 cases. Postoperatively 19 patients night-time bracing, had a significantly improved migration percentage, and center edge angle. This treatment is useful for treating hip subluxation in spastic cerebral palsy patients.
Radiology Residency Quality Improvement Curriculum: Lessons Learned

Quality improvement (QI) skills in radiology are required as part of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Diagnostic Radiology Milestones competencies. Although feasibility of QI curricula has been demonstrated in radiology before, there are still barriers to widespread implementation. Here, we share our experience with designing the curriculum structure and selecting content. We describe the QI projects that have been performed and discuss lessons learned, including successes, challenges, and future directions. This information is relevant for many radiology programs currently planning to implement or revise existing QI curricula.
Cyclic AMP in secretin choleresis. Evidence for a regulatory role in man and baboons but not in dogs.

Cyclic AMP output in the bile in response to intravenous secretin was measured in 11 patients, 12 baboons, and 15 dogs. Secretin was given to patients with bile drainage tubes as an intravenous bolus (1 U per kg). In baboons and dogs both secretin infusion (4 U per kg per hr) and bolus injection (1 U per kg) were used. In baboons cyclic AMP was also determined in liver, extrahepatic duct tissue, and in perfusate from isolated segments of extrahepatic bile ducts. Secretin induced a marked choleresis in all three species. In humans, biliary cyclic AMP concentration increased an average (± se) of 68% ± 12% and in baboons 4-fold, but no increase occurred in dogs. In baboons, cyclic AMP concentration increased in both bile duct tissue and perfusate from isolated bile ducts concomitant with secretin choleresis, but not in liver. In humans the choleretic effects of sodium dehydrocholate, aminophylline, and glucagon were compared to dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcyclic AMP). All agents increased bile flow 2- to 3-fold. Cyclic AMP concentration in bile markedly increased after glucagon and DBcyclic AMP but not after sodium dehydrocholate and aminophylline. We conclude that cyclic AMP is implicated in secretin choleresis in both humans and baboons, but not in dogs. The bile duct appears to be the site of cyclic AMP elaboration induced by secretin in baboons and probably is also in man.
MATRIX CALCULATION MODEL OF CONDENSATE FLOW RATE AT ENTRANCE INTO THE DEAERATOR

Based on the principle of energy balance,a matrix calculation model of condensate flow rate at entrance into the deaerator has been constructed,and by using said model,the condensate flow rate at entrance into the deaerator under the designed THA operating condition of one 300 MW unit being calculated,the result of calculation tallies well with the designed value.The said model boasts features of stronger versatility,and easily to be programmed,it can be used for calibration of the measured value of condensate flow rate.
Properties of Refractories after Exposure to High Pressure Gases I

The chemical resistance of the bond phases in eleven commercial and three experimental cement-bonded castables and phosphate-bonded ramming mixes to an atmosphere of CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, H2, and H2S, at 6.9 MPa (1000 psia) for 30 days at 231 and 538 °C was evaluated from physical and mechanical property changes, X-ray diffraction, and DTA/TGA. Cement-bonded castables exposed to the saturated atmosphere showed a significant increase in flexural strength and reduction in porosity which corresponded to the large amounts of boehmite, AIO(OH), formed during exposure. The dissolution of CaO from the cement-bond phases appeared to affect the properties only slightly at these temperatures and pressure. The AIPO4 bond phase was sensitive to saturated atmospheres only.
Group Signature Based Trace Hiding in Web Query

To provide better service or push personalized advertisement, Internet companies collect users’ browsing information intentionally to analyze their behaviors. However, users want to hide browsing traces sometimes because it involves personal privacy. In order to solve this problem, we propose trace hiding strategy based on group signature (THGS) in the paper. The principle of group signature is applied to create a group and HTTP proxy server uses the unified account which is shared between group members to login specific websites instead of a single group member. In addition, HTTP proxy server encrypts the response from web server with RSA and forwards it to client. Moreover, authentic membership, trustable proxy and the efficient forwarding are researched in this paper. In the experimental part, we achieved the establishment of groups based on group signature and HTTP proxy server. The experimental results show that web server can not get a single user’s browsing trace by query history analysis and the response for each client is safe.
Yield improvement and queue time relaxation at contact process

As dimension shrinks in advanced technology nodes, the critical dimension (CD) plays a critical role and so does QTime. Front Opening Unified Pod (FOUP) door closure, delaying FOUP door opening, introducing N2 Purge and creating vacuum at optimum steps and for optimized duration has shown promising results in extending QTime and improving yield. Etch is often performed by reactive ion etching (RIE) process which generally has a physical and a chemical component to it. Etch residues, sometimes polymeric with metallic contaminants embedded inside, have to be removed in timely manner. If post etch residue (PER) is not removed soon enough, this gas/polymer then interacts with moisture inside the FOUP, leading to footing at the Nitride Stress layer and crystal growth on patterned wafers — thereby degrading yield. In this paper, we will discuss various approaches taken to improve the footing at bottom of contacts and increase the Queue Time (QTime) between Etch and Cleans processes.
Instabilities in Trailing Vortices and in the Temporal Development of Vortex Pairs

We present new experimental results concerning the dynamics, and the development of turbulence, in a pair of counterrotating vortices in two situations: 1) the downstream evolution of the trailing vortex pair wake behind a delta wing, and 2) the more ‘ideal’ case of an initially uniform pair of vortices evolving in time. In addition to the scientific interest, both studies are also motivated by the need to understand the behaviour of ‘real’ aircraft wakes with regard to flight safety and mixing in the atmosphere.
A Review of Recent Advances in Computational and Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Stall

Recent analytical, computational and experimental efforts in dynamic stall research are reviewed. An assessment is made of the progress in various critical areas of research, including the effects of transition, compressibility, three-dimensionality, computational technique, grid density, and turbulence modeling. The review describes recent progress in dynamic stall control, and concludes with some perspective about future dynamic stall research.
Examining the Value of Subsidies of Health Plans and Cost-Sharing for Prescription Drugs in the Health Insurance Marketplace.

BACKGROUND The Affordable Care Act (ACA) initiated federally and state-run health insurance exchanges, or marketplaces, with health plans offering subsidies for plan members as well as coverage for essential health benefits, to help individuals, families, and small businesses find health plans that fit their specific needs. A recent study found that the value of these healthcare subsidies varied with the number of health plans in the different geographic rating areas, but that study only examined the premiums and the deductibles of those health plans. OBJECTIVES To examine the value of subsidies of health plans, including cost-sharing for prescription drugs in the health insurance marketplace. METHODS We have used publicly available health plan data from HealthCare.gov and from county population data obtained from the US Census Bureau in June 2015. The average-weighted premium; medical deductible; medical maximum out-of-pocket spending; and cost-sharing for generic drugs, preferred and nonpreferred brand-name drugs, and specialty drugs were calculated for the second lowest-cost silver plan in each geographic rating area. These were then compared across geographic areas with different numbers of plans to determine the value of the subsidies. We also compared the difference between the cost of the average silver plan and the second lowest-cost silver plan for each area to determine the cost to enrollees if they selected the average silver plan. RESULTS The monetary value of the subsidies provided by health plans was lower in areas with a larger number of plans, because the second lowest-cost silver plans in these areas tended to have lower premiums and higher deductibles. For the most common type of cost-sharing for generic and for preferred brand-name drugs, plan enrollees would likely have a lower or similar copayment if they selected the average-cost silver plan instead of the second lowest-cost silver plan. However, they may end up paying approximately $8 less in copayment for nonpreferred branded drugs and approximately 4% less for coinsurance after a deductible for specialty drugs if they resided in a geographic area with fewer than 11 plans. CONCLUSION The value of subsidies provided by the ACA-initiated health plans in the healthcare marketplace, including cost-sharing for prescription drugs, varies across geographic areas with different numbers of health plans. This suggests that potential enrollees should consider cost-sharing for prescription drugs in addition to health plans' premiums and deductibles when choosing their health plan.
Mentoring Faculty Women in Statistics: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for Leadership Development

ABSTRACTThe problems for faculty women in statistics (FWIS) in the United States are complex and call for programs that aim to develop inclusive leadership competencies among both FWIS and faculty men in statistics (FMIS) regardless of whether they currently hold, or aspire to, administrative positions. Data indicate that, among faculty in doctorate-granting departments of statistics and biostatistics, there is a disparity between genders in numbers of role models or exemplars. Yet we note that there have been some innovative national initiatives over the years in mentoring, networking, or leadership that have been instrumental in advancing FWIS. Given current understandings of the role of implicit bias in sustaining a differential status for FWIS, this discussion emphasizes a new approach as a way to further advance FWIS: one that involves the development of inclusive leadership among both men and women toward promoting inclusive faculty cultures in statistics.
Measures of and changes in heart rate variability in pediatric heart transplant recipients

Heart rate variability is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Heart transplant recipients undergo surgical denervation of the graft, which results in interruption of autonomic innervation with resultant diminished heart rate variability although some degree of autonomic control may return. This study aimed to characterize heart rate variability in this population. We report a retrospective review of Holter monitor data from transplanted patients between 2005 and 2013. Studies with significant atrial or ventricular arrhythmias were excluded. We evaluated changes over time and compared standard time domain measures to published pediatric normal values. Data were reviewed from 582 monitors in 152 patients. We found that pediatric heart transplant recipients have lower heart rate variability than age-matched controls and higher average heart rate in recipients older than 3 years. There is an increase in measures of variability through the first 3 years post-transplant with plateau after that time. Surgical technique in regard to interruption of the vagus nerve does not affect variability, nor does underlying congenital vs acquired heart disease.
Digital Analysis of Vascularity in Hemophilic Synovitis.

Abstract Hemophilia is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of blood coagulation factor VIII or IX. The most serious symptom is bleeding into joints, which over time leads to a proliferative, inflammatory disorder known as hemophilic synovitis. In time, the synovitis develops into hemophilic arthropathy, a form of incapacitating arthritis. While this sequence of events is well documented, the components responsible for the development of hemophilic synovitis are largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that there is a relation between synovitis and vessel formation. Investigation of this cause-and-effect relationship necessitates a quantitative means of analyzing synovial and vessel hyperplasia. The goal of this experiment is to determine the utility of digital analysis of vessel formation by comparison to visual “hot-spot” scoring (Valentino and Hakobyan 2006, in press). Digital scores were expressed as percentages by dividing the number of vessel pixels in the densest area (“hot-spot”) by the total pixels in the field or separating the entire joint into 10 regions then averaging the percentages from each (“ten field”). Twenty-two histological sections from mouse joints with hemophilic synovitis were scored by visual and digital methods (Fig 1). The correlation of the two “hot-spot” methods (visual and digital) was good (r2=0.81). Next, the relationship of digital “hot-spot” and “ten field” analysis is shown in Fig.2. These data support the use of digital image analysis for evaluation of vessel formation and will allow for rapid examination of multiple samples. Download : Download high-res image (118KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (118KB) Download : Download full-size image
Identification of ditches and furrows using remote sensing: application to sediment modelling in the Tana watershed, Kenya

Ridge-tillage is an agricultural practice where crops are planted on elevated ridges, with furrows in-between. Ridge-tillage has been shown to significantly reduce erosion from croplands, but data ...
The Making of Mexican Illegality: Immigration Exclusions Based on Race, Class Status, and Gender

This article examines the history of US citizenship and deportation policies that have always been based on race, class status, and gender, as well as the effects of such policies on the making of ...
Omalizumab (Xolair) for treatment of asthma.

Omalizumab is an immunomodulatory therapy for the control of symptoms in patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma uncontrolled with conventional therapy. Given its high cost, the requirement that it be administered in a physician’s office, and side effects, it is appropriate for use in only a small percentage of patients with asthma.
Book Review: Regional Hydrological Response to Climate Change

The book being reviewed, Regional Hydrological Response to Climate Change, addresses the effects of global climate change, particularly global warming induced by greenhouse gas emissions, on hydrological budgets at the regional scale. As noted in its preface, the book consists of peer-reviewed papers delivered at scientific meetings held by the International Geographical Union Working Group on Regional Hydrological Response to Climate Change and Global Warming, supplemented with some additional chapters that round out coverage of the topic. The editors hope that this book will serve as "not only a record of current achievements, but also a stimulus to further hydrological research as the detail and spatial resolution of Global Climate Models improves". The reviewer found the background material on regional climatology to be valuable and the methodologies presented to be of interest. The value of the book is significantly diminished, however by the dated nature of some of the material and by large uncertainties in the predictions of regional precipitation change. The book would have been improved by a much more extensive documentation of the uncertainty associated with each step of the prediction process.
Rebuilding Mostar: International and Local Visions of a Contested City and Its Heritage

In July 2005, the historic center of Mostar, including its sixteenth-century market, mosques, and famous Old Bridge, was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List (Fig. 1). The world’s attention had initially focused on Mostar when its iconic ­sixteenth-century stone Old Bridge was deliberately destroyed during the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia–Hercegovina. At that same time, the city was forcibly divided into politically and culturally distinct Croat and Muslim sides. For many, Mostar’s destroyed bridge and its division quickly came to symbolize the war’s threat to Bosnian multiculturalism, which was the image of Bosnia–Hercegovina advocated by the international community. As a result, the reconstruction of the Old Bridge in 2004 and simultaneous political reunification of Mostar and subsequent designation as a World Heritage City by international organizations have all been regarded internationally as symbols of reconciliation and the rebuilding of metaphoric bridges between Bosnia’s divided people.
Effect of heparin on the in vivo release and clearance of human platelet factor 4

Intravenous injection of heparin (100 U/kg) into normal volunteers resulted in an increase of platelet factor 4 (PF4) level in platelet-poor plasma from a mean value of 18.1 +/- 6.6 ng/ml before the injection to 257.9 +/- 68.3 ng/ml at 5 min after injection. PF4 antigen isolated from "postheparin plasma" by adsorption on heparin-agarose and elution with 2.0 M NaCl and "authentic PF4" isolated from human platelets showed identical patterns of migration as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Material released by washed human platelets was injected intravenously into rats. The clearance of PF4 followed a biphasic exponential pattern. The half-lives (T1/2) for the fast and slow components for control rats were 1.2 and 17.1 min. Heparin significantly extended the half-life of human PF4 in rat circulation. The clearance of PF4 injected together with heparin followed a single component model with a half-life of 27.6 min. Administration of heparin to rats that had been previously injected with human platelet releasate resulted in a 30-fold increase of plasma PF4 level in their circulation. The clearance of PF4 from the circulation of these rats (T1/2 = 45 min) fitted a single component model. We propose that PF4 is originally secreted by platelets into circulation and subsequently bound reversibly to vascular sites from which it can be released back into the circulation by heparin. The fast component of PF4 clearance that is abolished by heparin may reflect binding of this protein to the endothelial cells.
Trajectory and Cycle-Based Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Molecular Machines: The Importance of Microscopic Reversibility.

ConspectusA molecular machine is a nanoscale device that provides a mechanism for coupling energy from two (or more) processes that in the absence of the machine would be independent of one another. Examples include walking of a protein in one direction along a polymeric track (process 1, driving “force” X1 = −F·l) and hydrolyzing ATP (process 2, driving “force” X2 = ΔμATP); or synthesis of ATP (process 1, X1 = −ΔμATP) and transport of protons from the periplasm to the cytoplasm across a membrane (process 2, X2 = ΔμH+); or rotation of a flagellum (process 1, X1 = −torque) and transport of protons across a membrane (process 2, X2 = ΔμH+). In some ways, the function of a molecular machine is similar to that of a macroscopic machine such as a car that couples combustion of gasoline to translational motion. However, the low Reynolds number regime in which molecular machines operate is very different from that relevant for macroscopic machines. Inertia is negligible in comparison to viscous drag, and omnipre...
Elastic and Inelastic Contributions to Thermal Transport between Chemical Groups and Thermal Rectification in Molecules

Thermal boundary conductance is computed between chemical groups in a molecule consisting of two moieties, anthracene and azulene, bridged by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomer. Because of the vibrational mismatch between the two moieties and the PEG oligomer, both linear and nonlinear coupling between the chemical groups contribute to the thermal boundary conductance, where linear coupling contributes most to thermal conductance in azulene–PEGn–anthracene at low temperature and anharmonic interactions contribute more at room temperature and higher. This system exhibits thermal rectification due to differences in the temperature-dependent thermal boundary conductance between the PEG oligomer and each moiety.
Digital health information seeking in an omni-channel environment: A shared decision-making and service-dominant logic perspective

Abstract The health service ecosystem traditionally has focused on unidirectional information flow from the health provider to consumer. However, this model fails to adequately engage consumers in their health decision-making to improve consumers' wellness. Consumers' health information seeking in today's omni-channel information environment is a critical value co-creation activity that increases consumers' engagement. Yet little is known about how consumers' health information seeking is evolving the information flow pattern and resulting consequences on consumers' health self-awareness. Our study closes this gap by empirically exploring the effects of consumers' health information seeking in an omni-channel environment and its influences on consumers' health self-awareness. We used structural equation modeling to analyze survey results from 310 health consumers collected as part of a healthcare organization's annual door-to-door wellness study. The results demonstrate the importance of helping consumers integrate informational inputs outside the service encounter to increase consumers' engagement and conscious reflection on their well-being.
A Fully-integrated Gesture and Gait Processing SoC for Rehabilitation with ADC-less Mixed-signal Feature Extraction and Deep Neural Network for Classification and Online Training

An ultra-low-power gesture and gait classification SoC is presented for rehabilitation application featuring (1) mixed-signal feature extraction and integrated low-noise amplifier eliminating expensive ADC and digital feature extraction, (2) an integrated distributed deep neural network (DNN) ASIC supporting a scalable multi-chip neural network for sensor fusion with distortion resiliency for low-cost front end modules, (3) onchip learning of DNN engine allowing in-situ training of user specific operations. A 12-channel 65nm CMOS test chip was fabricated with 1μW power per channel, less than 3ms computation latency, on-chip training for user-specific DNN model and multi-chip networking capability.
Cost-Effective NLOS Detection for Privacy Invasion Attacks by Consumer Drones

The pervasive operation of customer drones, or small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has raised serious concerns about their privacy threats to the public. In recent years, privacy invasion events caused by customer drones have been frequently reported. Given such a fact, timely detection of invading drones has become an emerging task. Existing solutions using active radar, video or acoustic sensors are usually too costly (especially for individuals) or exhibit various constraints (e.g., requiring visual line of sight). Recent research on drone detection with passive RF signals provides an opportunity for low-cost deployment of drone detectors on commodity wireless devices. However, the state of the arts in this direction rely on line-of-sight (LOS) RF signals, which makes them only work under very constrained conditions. The support of more common scenarios, i.e., non-line-of-sight (NLOS), is still missing for low-cost solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel detection system for privacy invasion caused by customer drone. Our system is featured with accurate NLOS detection with low-cost hardware (under $50). By exploring and validating the relationship between drone motions and RF signal under the NLOS condition, we find that RF signatures of drones are somewhat “amplified” by multipaths in NLOS. Based on this observation, we design a two-step solution which first classifies received RSS measurements into LOS and NLOS categories; deep learning is then used to extract the signatures and ultimately detect the drones. Our experimental results show that LOS and NLOS signals can be identified at accuracy rates of 98.4% and 96% respectively. Our drone detection rate for NLOS condition is above 97% with a system implemented using Raspberry PI 3 B+.
Modeling the Impact of Population Intervention Strategies on Reducing Health Disparities: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions and Childhood Diarrheal Disease in Peru.

Access to safe water and basic sanitation and hygiene facilities (WaSH) are important for childhood health globally. However, inequalities in WaSH access persist, and local governments need to better understand the potential impact of scaling up WaSH services on childhood health. Using 2011 Peru Demographic and Health Survey data as a case study, we applied a modified substitution estimator approach to assess the impact of scaling up access (20-100%) to WaSH on diarrhea prevalence among children < 5 years. The modified substitution estimator approach can help identify population subgroups or areas where WaSH interventions and sustained implementation could be most beneficial and reduce existing disparities. Using findings from a recent meta-analysis and computing bootstrapped estimates and 95% CIs, we examined inequalities in the effect of WaSH on self-reported diarrhea by urbanicity, maternal education level, household wealth, and district of residence. Increasing access (100% change) to improved water sources, sanitation, and hygiene facilities reduced population-level prevalence of childhood diarrhea by 8.2% (95% CI: 4.1, 12.3), 5.5% (95% CI: 0.7, 9.8), and 5.2% (95% CI: 2.2, 8.1), respectively. In stratified analyses, increased access to improved water sources and hygiene facilities was associated with decreased prevalence of diarrhea, with the largest reduction in rural areas and households with lower maternal education and lower wealth. Our findings suggest targeted WaSH implementation in Peru is needed in rural areas and among lower socioeconomic-status households. In addition, even low levels of change in overall WaSH access may decrease diarrhea prevalence.
Numerical simulation of sediment transport, phytoplankton biomass and salinity recovery processes in Lake Pontchartrain due to Bonnet Carré Spillway flood release

Abstract The Bonnet Carre Spillway (BCS) was constructed from 1929 to 1936 to protect the city of New Orleans from the Mississippi River floods. When the water stage of the Mississippi River is over 5.18 m of flood stage, BCS will be opened to divert the excessive flood water into the Gulf of Mexico through Lake Pontchartrain. During these flood release events, large amounts of freshwater, sediment and nutrients were discharged into the lake and significantly affected its water quality and aquatic environment. A numerical model (CCHE2D) developed at the National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (NCCHE), the University of Mississippi, was applied to simulate the dynamic process of hydrodynamics and associated temporal and spatial distributions of sediment, salinity and phytoplankton in Lake Pontchartrain due to the BCS flood release events. Three events occurred in 1997, 2008 and 2011, representing the median, low, and high flood discharge cases, were selected for this study. The simulated results were compared with field measured data and satellite imageries obtained from USGS, US Army Crop of Engineers and NOAA, and good agreements were obtained. The effects of nutrients and suspended sediment on the growth of phytoplankton as well as the occurrence of algal bloom in the lake were analyzed. The processes of salinity recovery in the lake were also discussed. The results obtained from this research provide useful information for analyzing the impacts of flood release event on the aquatic ecosystems in Lake Pontchartrain.