cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learned Stimulation in Space and Motion Perception

In the perception of distance, depth, and visual motion, a single property is often repre- sented by two or more stimuli. Two instances of such redundant stimulation are discussed. (a) the various stimuli that represent visual motion and (b) the two forms of stimulation by which binocular parallax evokes stereoscopic depth perception. In the case of visual motion, simultaneous operation of redundant stimulation has unexpected consequences and raises interesting problems. Experiments are briefly de- scribed that suggest that some redundant stimuli owe their existence to learning. Evidence is reviewed that shows that binocular parallax causes stereoscopic depth by means of two different perceptual processes. During the last 30 years evidence that space percep- tion can be rapidly altered by perceptual learning has been accumulating. Adaptation to displaced visual direction involves, under certain conditions, a visual change, and there are other ways in which the relation between the position of the eyes and perceived visual direction can be altered. When subjects turn their heads from side to side while they observe a visual environment that moves left and right dependent on those head movements, an adaptation develops within minutes. It involves changes in the evaluation of eye movements that compensate for head movements and in the evalua- tion of eye positions as measured by pointing tests (Wallach & Bacon, 1977). In stereoscopic depth perception, the relation between retinal disparity and the extent of perceived depth can be rapidly changed. In such experiments, tridimensional shapes are viewed through a mirror arrangement that enhances the disparities with which their depth is given so that they are perceived with greater than normal depth. When these shapes are rotated, information about their true depth is pro- vided, which disagrees with the enhanced stereoscopic depth that the mirror arrangement causes. Exposure to this conflict between two different kinds of stim- ulation that both represented the depth of the same object resulted in adaptation; stereoscopic depth perception was temporarily altered so that it partly compensated for the enhanced depth that the mirror
Recent Trends in Central Venous Catheter Placement: A Comparison of Interventional Radiology with Other Specialties

The authors determined changing trends and growth in tunneled and nontunneled central venous catheter placement procedures. With use of Medicare billing data for tunneled and nontunneled catheter placement a comparison was made among interventional radiology (IR), surgery, anesthesia, and internal medicine. There has been substantial growth in the placement of central venous catheters. Currently, a minority of these procedures are performed in IR departments. However, there has been significant growth in the radiologic placement of both types of catheters.
The Determinants of International Migration: Theory

The economic theory of external migration is concerned with three questions – why migrate, who migrates, and what are the consequences for source and destination countries? This chapter deals with the why question. It surveys the theoretical literature on the economic determinants of international migration. This literature is very small and relatively young, but has its roots in the \much older theory of internal, or regional, migration. The standard model used implies that the immigration rate depends upon international differences in the returns to factor supply, controlling for migration costs, skill levels, income inequality, and immigration policies. We also discuss other models that focus on how the immigration decision is influenced by family considerations, the option value of waiting, and feelings of relative deprivation. There is still a big gap between theory and empirical work on the determinants of emigration, and \much needs to be done on the theoretical side of this literature to bridge that gap. The greatest challenge to migration theorists is the organization of all hypothetically relevant factors into one coherent theoretical framework that will specify their interaction with each other in empirically testable form and thereby serve as a guide to future research.(United Nations, 1973)
Vortex pinning by compound defects in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ

We investigate the enhancement of vortex pinning by compound defects that are composed of correlated and point defects in a pristine untwinned ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ single crystal. Initial irradiation by high-energy heavy ions to a dose matching field of ${B}_{\ensuremath{\Phi}}=2.0\text{ }\text{T}$ increases vortex pinning via columnar defects. Subsequent proton irradiation further enhances the critical current ${J}_{c}(H)$ by localizing the vortices near the columnar defects. Measurements of the shift of the irreversibility line for $H\ensuremath{\parallel}ab$ plane demonstrate that compound defects consisting of correlated and point disorder may reduce the pinning anisotropy and increase the overall critical current.
The Moral Economies of Self-interest The Popular Confluence of Norms of Self-interest and Norms of Solidarity

What are the norms that actors use to justify the pursuit of self-interest? More than 100 years ago, Emile Durkheim argued that the normative pursuit of self-interest was “subordinated” by norms of...
How to become a députée – Lean to the left: Party differences and gender parity in the 2012 National Assembly elections

This research centers on the effects of gender parity on elections to the French National Assembly elections in 2012, with particular attention to the party differential in the success rate of female candidates. Clearly parity laws have increased the number of successful female candidates since its inception, but that this effect has been muted within one major party, the UMP, the Union for a Presidential Majority. In contrast to the Socialist Party or other minor parties, female UMP candidates fared much worse than their male counterparts, especially among their incumbent party members.
Food insecurity and HIV clinical outcomes in a longitudinal study of urban homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals

Author(s): Weiser, Sheri D; Yuan, Caterina; Guzman, David; Frongillo, Edward A; Riley, Elise D; Bangsberg, David R; Kushel, Margot B | Abstract: BackgroundFood insecurity is common among HIV-infected individuals and has been associated with poor health. Little longitudinal research has examined the association of food insecurity with HIV clinical outcomes, or the extent to which adherence mediates these associations.DesignObservational cohort studyMethodsHIV-infected homeless and marginally housed individuals in the San Francisco Research on Access to Care in the Homeless cohort completed quarterly structured interviews and blood draws. We measured food insecurity using the validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Primary outcomes were: antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence (l90% adherence), incomplete HIV viral load suppression more than 100 copies/ml, and CD4⁺ cell counts less than 200 cells/μl. We estimated model parameters using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables.ResultsFrom May 2007 to March 2010, we followed 284 participants for a median of 22 months. At baseline 54.6% of participants were food-insecure. Food insecurity was associated with increased odds of ART nonadherence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.85], incomplete viral load suppression (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04-1.61), and CD4⁺ cell counts less than 200 cells/μl (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.56). When we included ART adherence in adjusted models for incomplete viral suppression and CD4⁺ cell counts less than 200 cells/μl, the magnitude of the effect decreased slightly.ConclusionFood insecurity was associated with poor HIV outcomes, including nonadherence, in a longitudinal study of US-based HIV-infected unstably housed individuals. Efforts to address food insecurity should be included in HIV-treatment programs, and may help improve health outcomes.
Sublabial approach for the treatment of symptomatic basilar impression in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Basilar impression (BI) is an uncommon condition in which there is upward displacement of the elements forming the foramen magnum, causing trans-location of vertebral elements into the brainstem. Most commonly a developmental anomaly, BI is often associated with congenital conditions such as Down syndrome. Symptomatic BI is often difficult to treat surgically secondary to the anatomic variants associated with many of the coinciding congenital syndromes. OBJECTIVE: To present a feasible approach for the treatment of BI. METHODS: We present an alternative surgical approach for the treatment of symptomatic BI in a 37-year-old woman with Klippel-Feil syndrome. Because of the altered anatomy, traditional approaches such as the transoral-transpharyngeal, transmandibular circumglossal, and transcervical endoscopic routes were not feasible. RESULTS: We chose a staged sublabial, transnasal, transpalatal route for the anterior brainstem decompression followed by posterior fixation. The patient tolerated the procedures well and at last follow-up had nearly complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: The sublabial route is an alternative approach for anterior decompression in patients with symptomatic basilar impression and altered anatomic circumstances such as that caused by Klippel-Feil syndrome.
Metamimesis: Imitation in Goethe's Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre and Early German Romanticism; Goethe's Allegories of Identity

In his introduction, Mattias Pirholt reminds readers that with its presumed insistence on sameness and repression of difference, mimesis has always been ideologically fraught. Yet, from ancient phi...
Gerald Maurice Edelman

Professor Gerald Maurice Edelman died in La Jolla, California, on May 17, 2014, at the age of 84. His wife, Maxine Morrison Edelman, and three children, Judith, Eric, and David, survive him. We, of course, remember him for his brilliant scientific career. However, I have received many comments from people who, upon hearing of his death, remarked along lines similar to these: “It’s the end of an era”; “They don’t make them like this anymore”; “We shall not soon see another”; and “The world is more empty now.” Gerald Edelman in his Army uniform, August 1955 at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. Gerald M. Edelman (1929–2014). In his teens, Edelman was conflicted as to whether he should become a professional violinist or pursue medicine. As happens so often with mothers, his stepped in and with the turn of a phrase decided his fate. She told him that a performing musician was not a proper career and was more “like juggling.” Gerry replied that it certainly wasn’t juggling, to which his mother countered “I have two words for you—Jascha Heifetz!” After receiving his MD degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1954, he became a house officer at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He then served as a Captain in the US Army Medical Corps at the American Hospital in Paris. (Leave it to Gerry to get stationed in Paris.) In 1957, Edelman was accepted as a graduate student at Rockefeller Institute, and he received his PhD in physical chemistry in 1960. Because of … [↵][1]1Email: rlerner{at}scripps.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Dilemas de gran escala: El antropólogo fáustico, las grandes represas y la tragedia del desarrollo

Seccion 2. Consultorias y represas. En este articulo me propongo retomar los planteos de Leopoldo Bartolome sobre el involucramiento de los antropologos en los Proyectos de Gran Escala (PGEs) a la luz de los desafios del presente. Partiendo de su analisis de los movimientos contra represas en Brasil durante los ’80, me pregunto sobre la agenda de temas y problemas a investigar desde la perspectiva de aquellos que resisten a los PGEs. Retomo algunas de sus categorias para pensar el papel de los antropologos frente a la tragedia del desarrollo en los tiempos del Antropoceno
Rupee Movements and India’s Trade Balance: Exploring the Existence of a J-Curve

According to conventional wisdom, depreciation of a currency should lead to a reduction in imports and give a boost to exports, thereby improving the country’s trade balance. However, the improvement in trade balance may not be immediate. There has been considerable evidence to suggest that there is a lag between the devaluation of a currency and its impact on the trade balance, with an initial worsening of the trade deficit before an improvement. This scenario occurs when imports are priced in foreign currency and exports are priced in domestic currency; prices are sluggish and there are contracts still in place that have been finalised at the earlier exchange rates which prevent quantities from adjusting.1 In this case the only effect of the currency depreciation is to raise the domestic price of imports, hence worsening the trade balance. Over time, as contracts are renegotiated, quantities can start adjusting in response to the exchange rate change. Assuming prices still remain sluggish, currency depreciation should give the country a price competitiveness boost while making foreign goods relatively more expensive compared to import substitutes, thereby improving the trade balance following the initial deterioration. Assuming the elasticity of exports and imports (in absolute terms) is “sufficiently large,” the trade balance should improve compared to its starting point prior to the initial valuation effect-induced deterioration.2
Plastic instabilities in tension creep

Abstract The stability of creep in tension is analyzed for both the constant load and constant stress tests using the criterion for stable tensile flow proposed by Hart. It is shown that deformation becomes unstable prior to the onset of secondary creep with the consequence that all steady state creep experiments conducted in tension are unstable. The growth of necks in relatively smooth tension creep samples with non-uniform cross-sections is studied using numerical techniques. The shape of the sample and the average creep rate is calculated as a function of average strain or time for various initial shapes and creep stress exponents for both the constant load and constant stress conditions. The shape evolution during creep is unaffected by load history; the sequence of shape states produced during creep is determined only by the initial shape and the constitutive relation. The presence of shape inhomogeneities have a significant effect on the average creep rate only if the creep stress exponent is very large, such as might be the case for dispersion strengthened metals.
A metalanguage representation of relational databases for deductive question-answering systems

This paper presents a method of formally representing the information that exists in a relational database. The primary utility of such a representation is for deductive question-answering systems that must access an existing relational database. To respond intelligently to user inquiries, such systems must have a more complete representation of the domain of discourse than is generally available in the database. The problem that then arises is how to reconcile the information present in the database with the domain representation, so that database queries can be derived to answer the user's inquiries. Here we take the formal approach of describing a relational database as the model of a first-order language. Another first-order language, the metalanguage, is used both to represent the domain of discourse, and to describe the relationship of the database to the domain. This view proves particularly useful in two respects. First, by axiomatiiing the database language and its associated model in a metatheory, we are able to describe in a powerful and flexible manner how the database corresponds to the domain of discourse. Secondly, viewing the database as a mechanizable model of the database language enables us to take advantage of the computational properties of database query language processors. Once a database query that is equivalent to an original query is derived, it can be evaluated against the database to determine the truth of the original query. Thus the algebraic operations of the database processor can be incorporated in an elegant way into the deductive process of question-answering.
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System case history* is one of 30 cases researched and published by the East-West Center during the period 1977–1982 with partial support from an Exxon Education Foundation grant. The sources used for this case are those generally available to the public, including special evaluative reports following completion of construction. TAPS is a complex project with many legal challenges that delayed the start of construction for over three years. The case provides many useful lessons, as analyzed in the Evaluation and in Chapter 9.
An Exploratory Investigation of Animal Hoarding Symptoms in a Sample of Adults Diagnosed With Hoarding Disorder.

Objective The extant research on animal hoarding has a dearth of information on animal hoarding tendencies in adults diagnosed with hoarding disorder (HD). In the present study, we investigated possible recurrent animal hoarding behavioral and symptom patterns in individuals diagnosed with hoarding disorder. Methods Hoarding severity scores from baseline assessments for 65 community-dwelling adults diagnosed with HD were analyzed with respect to their present and past animal ownership characteristics. Results Approximately half of participants reported currently owning pets, and pet owners in the sample reported currently owning an average of two pets. Of the participants who reported currently owning animals, 10% reported having no rules for their pets’ behaviors, 51% reported having made at least one sacrifice for their pets, 54% reported having had at least one pet in childhood, and 29% reported that they believed they have a “special ability” to communicate with their pets. The results of the present study suggest that animal hoarding is not necessarily present in individuals diagnosed with HD. Conclusion No significant associations of current pet ownership characteristics with present hoarding severity were observed. Reported maximum number of pets owned in childhood was significantly correlated with present object hoarding symptom severity.
Efficacy of Ozone against Phosphine Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Four Stored-Product Insect Species.

The efficacy of ozone was evaluated against four economically-important stored-product insect species at 27.2 C and 20.4% r.h. Adults of phosphine-susceptible laboratory strains and phosphine-resistant field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus), were exposed in vials to an ozone concentration of 0.42 g/m3 (200 ppm) for 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h with 0 and 10 g of wheat. Initial and final mortalities were assessed 1 and 5 d after exposure to ozone, respectively. After an 8–12-h exposure to ozone, initial mortality of Sitophilus spp. and O. surinamensis was 100%, whereas the highest initial mortality of T. castaneum was 90%. A 3–4-h exposure to ozone resulted in 100% final mortality of Sitophilus spp., whereas O. surinamensis required a 6- to 10-h exposure to ozone. Adults of T. castaneum were least susceptible to ozone, and after a 10-h exposure, mortality ranged between 82 and 95%. Time for the 5 d 99% mortality (LT99) for adults of laboratory and field strains of Sitophilus spp., O. surinamensis and T. castaneum were 2.00–5.56, 4.33–11.18 and 14.35–29.89 h, respectively. The LT99 values for adults of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis were not significantly different between bioassays conducted with 0 and 10 g of wheat. The LT99 values for the laboratory strains of Sitophilus spp. in the absence of wheat were significantly lower than those obtained in the presence of wheat. Both phosphine-susceptible and -resistant strains were equally susceptible to ozone. Ozone effectively suppressed adult progeny production of all four species. Ozone is a viable alternative fumigant to control phosphine-resistant strains of these four species.
Three Years after the America Invents Act: Practical Effects on University Tech Transfer

The America Invents Act (AIA) has significantly changed the way university technology transfer offices operate. On the plus side, the first-inventor-to-file rule has allowed for simpler invention disclosures, since disclosures no longer have value as conception records. The AIA has also provided more relaxed procedural rules, avoiding the mad dash to get inventor signatures, and allowing universities to file in their own name from the outset. On the negative side, technology transfer offices have to make filing decisions faster, as the first-inventor-to-file rule makes it risky to wait for more data; another inventor could get to the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) first, and there is no longer a one-year grace period for prior art. The AIA also created quasi-judicial proceedings known as Post-Grant Review (PGR) and Inter-Partes Review (IPR), in which claims are interpreted more broadly, and can be invalidated with less proof than if those same claims were reviewed by a federal court. Based on the rate that IPR proceedings are invalidating patents and patent claims, the AIA may make it more challenging and expensive for universities and their licensees to defend those patents that are most likely to succeed in bringing new products and services to the public.
Enzyme Logic Systems: Biomedical and Forensic Biosensor Applications

We offer an overview of recent advances in biosensors based on the biocomputing concept. Novel biosensors digitally process multiple biochemical signals through Boolean logic networks of coupled biomolecular reactions and produce output in the form of YES/NO response. Compared to traditional single-analyte sensing devices, the biocomputing approach enables high-fidelity multi-analyte biosensing, particularly beneficial for biomedical applications. Multi-signal digital biosensors thus promise advances in rapid diagnosis and treatment of diseases by processing complex patterns of physiological biomarkers. Specifically, they can provide timely detection and alert to medical emergencies, along with an immediate therapeutic intervention. Application of the biocomputing concept has been successfully demonstrated for systems performing logic analysis of biomarkers corresponding to different injuries, particularly exemplified for liver injury. Wide-ranging applications of multi-analyte digital biosensors in medicine, environmental monitoring, forensic analysis, and homeland security are anticipated.
Management of Refugees and International Adoptees

Refugee children and international adoptees have special medical considerations that must be addressed. Providers must be aware of the immigration history, where, and under what circumstances the child lived and migrated to the United States. Federal guidelines exist regarding which infections should be screened for, and how and when and which vaccines should be administered.
Self and Self-Belief in Psychology and Education: A Historical Perspective

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the historical perspective of self and self-belief in psychology and education. This chapter discusses that the belief that children create, develop, and hold to be true about themselves are vital forces in their success or failure in all endeavors, and of particular relevance to educators for their success or failure in school. The assumption that children's self-beliefs are inextricably tied to their thinking and functioning, seems so sound, so obvious, and so commonsensical. One might well think that research on academic motivation and achievement should naturally focus, at least in great part, on the things that children come to believe about themselves. The chapter's focus on a child's sense of “self” seems so reasonable that one would think it has always been instrumental in framing the discussion around educational concerns. The chapter explains the historical view that explains that understanding critical issues related to children's sense of self is crucial to understanding the manner in which they deal with all of life's tasks and challenges. Researchers generally agree that children develop a self-concept primarily through their interpretations of the reflected appraisals of others. The chapter concludes by reviewing psychological concepts that are responsible for the current resurgence of interest in self-beliefs in recent years, and by providing a discussion of some of the major educational implications that result from this renewed focus on students' self-beliefs in school.
VIGOR: Interactive Visual Exploration of Graph Query Results

Finding patterns in graphs has become a vital challenge in many domains from biological systems, network security, to finance (e.g., finding money laundering rings of bankers and business owners). While there is significant interest in graph databases and querying techniques, less research has focused on helping analysts make sense of underlying patterns within a group of subgraph results. Visualizing graph query results is challenging, requiring effective summarization of a large number of subgraphs, each having potentially shared node-values, rich node features, and flexible structure across queries. We present VIGOR, a novel interactive visual analytics system, for exploring and making sense of query results. VIGOR uses multiple coordinated views, leveraging different data representations and organizations to streamline analysts sensemaking process. VIGOR contributes: (1) an exemplar-based interaction technique, where an analyst starts with a specific result and relaxes constraints to find other similar results or starts with only the structure (i.e., without node value constraints), and adds constraints to narrow in on specific results; and (2) a novel feature-aware subgraph result summarization. Through a collaboration with Symantec, we demonstrate how VIGOR helps tackle real-world problems through the discovery of security blindspots in a cybersecurity dataset with over 11,000 incidents. We also evaluate VIGOR with a within-subjects study, demonstrating VIGOR's ease of use over a leading graph database management system, and its ability to help analysts understand their results at higher speed and make fewer errors.
Restoration Effects Following Depletion: Adventures in the Uncanny Resilience of Man

Abstract Past research on depletion has illustrated how prior exertion of self-control leads individuals to perform more poorly at subsequent self-control tasks. However, a number of recent studies have illustrated cases in which certain psychological manipulations (eg, positive mood, power, self-affirmation, meditation, exposure to nature) can ameliorate the effects of prior depletion and restore individuals’ performance back to a level commensurate with nondepleted controls. Most of these demonstrations posit their own separate mechanisms for these restoration effects. In the present work, we present a model that attempts to account for the success of these diverse instances of restoration. The model emphasizes the role of expectancies derived from lay beliefs regarding the mental energy changes associated with various conditions, which affect perceptions of mental fatigue and its consequences for cognitive and behavioral performance. We present evidence from two lines of work investigating specific examples of restoration (positive mood, power) that provide support for our model and then discuss current and future work aimed at integrating these effects within a broader framework of self-regulation.
Moving from the known to the unknown to measure the initial learnability of programming languages

We suggest a measure of initial learnability for programming languages based on Ausubel's Assimilation Theory. The measure is operationalized by asking a large number of programmer participants to compare pairs of expressions written in a known as well as an unknown programming language, and to comment on the differences. The value of the measure is the time needed for the participant to study the expressions before making comments. This measure of time is prior to the “time on task” that typically constitutes learnability measures. Due to the measure's novelty, our research plan involves a series of investigations to help establish validity from several perspectives.
Connection Formulas and Behavior in the Large for Solutions of Linear Differential Equations Depending Singularly on a Parameter

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the connection formulas and behavior in the large for solutions of linear differential equations depending singularly on a parameter. A more global theory for the asymptotic behavior of the solutions was developed. In the theory, the mathematicians constructed large canonical regions in the x-plane with the zeroes of p0(x) at the boundary. When p(x, ɛ) = p(x) is a polynomial independent of ɛ, these regions are unbounded and in these regions, they constructed asymptotic expansions for the fundamental systems of solutions. In finding the connection relations between solutions with valid approximations in different regions, one can go directly across a turning point or circumvent around it. These two methods are respectively called central or lateral connecting procedures. For the case of second order equations, there are numerous applications, such as calculating adiabatic invariants for oscillators and solving an eigenvalue problem related to quantum mechanics, involving many turning points on the real line. For higher order equations, n = 6 and pk(x) = 1 for all k except k = 0 is applicable to stability analysis of viscous flow between rotating cylinders.
A psychometric comparison of anxiety-relevant attention measures.

Background and Objectives: Preferential attention to threat, emotional response inhibition, and attentional control each purportedly play a key role in anxiety disorders. Divergent psychometric pro...
Association of HLA-B*1502 and *1511 allele with antiepileptic drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in central China.

Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and HLA-B*1502 in Han Chinese. Here, we extended the study of HLA-B*1502 susceptibility to two different antiepileptic drugs, oxcarbazepine (OXC) and phenobabital (PB). In addition, we genotyped HLA-B*1511 in a case of CBZ-induced SJS with genotype negative for HLA-B*1502. The presence of HLA-B*1502 was determined using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Moreover, we genotyped HLA-B*1502 in 17 cases of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs), in comparison with AEDs-tolerant (n=32) and normal controls (n=38) in the central region of China. The data showed that HLA-B*1502 was positive in 5 of 6 cases of AEDs-induced SJS (4 CBZ, 1 OXC and 1 PB), which was significantly more frequent than AEDs-tolerant (2/32, 18 CBZ, 6 PB and 8 OXC) and normal controls (3/38). Compared with AEDs-tolerant and normal controls, the OR for patients carrying the HLA-B*1502 with AEDs-induced SJS was 6.25 (95% CI: 1.06–36.74) and 4.86 (95% CI: 1.01–23.47). The sensitivity and specificity of HLA-B*1502 for prediction of AEDs-induced SJS were 71.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of HLA-B*1502 for prediction of CBZ-induced SJS were 60% and 94%. HLA-B*1502 was not found in 11 children with maculopapular exanthema (MPE) (n=9) and hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) (n=2). However, we also found one case of CBZ-induced SJS who was negative for HLA-B*1502 but carried HLA-B*1511. It was suggested that the association between the CBZ-induced SJS and HLA-B*1502 allele in Han Chinese children can extend to other aromatic AEDs including OXC and PB related SJS. HLA-B*1511 may be a risk factor for some patients with CBZ-induced SJS negative for HLA-B*1502.
Randomized crossover feasibility trial of helminthic Trichuris suis ova versus placebo for repetitive behaviors in adult autism spectrum disorder.

Objectives: Inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and use of the immunomodulator Trichuris suis Ova (TSO) is a novel treatment approach. This pi...
‘It’s more than just mentoring’: critical mentoring Black and Latino males from college to the community

This qualitative study investigated the engagement and leadership experiences of 12 Black and Latino male college students at a Hispanic-serving institution. Specifically, we explore how these stud...
The Queer Case of the LGBT Movement

In Summer 2018, Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy announced his retirement. Commentators immediately began to assess and express concern about what his departure would mean for liberal legal priorities. Yet, sociolegal scholars have long been skeptical of the ability of the courts to push forward significant social change. Why, then, the panic over Justice Kennedy's retirement? This Article suggests one answer is that the rapid success of the marriage equality movement revitalized liberals' faith in the courts. Yet, what made marriage equality particularly amenable to litigation success? This article explores the history of marriage equality in the courts and argues that four factors stand out as relevant: (1) the role that individual litigants, deciding to bring lawsuits disconnected from the central movement, played in pushing the movement forward; (2) the privileged nature of marriage litigants and the claims they were making; (3) the particularly legal nature of the social relationship of marriage; and (4) the existence of Anthony Kennedy on the Supreme Court during the period in which LGBT rights litigation occurred. This article suggests that a deeper understandingof the history of the marriage equality litigation movement will lead to richer conversations about the role that law and courts play in social change.
Osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous lanthanum(III) nitrate and densities and apparent molal volumes of aqueous europium(III) nitrate at 25.degree.C

The osmotic coefficients of aqueous La(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ have been measured from 1.3435 to 8.4591 mol.kg/sup -1/ at 25/sup 0/C by using the isopiestic method. Some earlier osmotic coefficients for this salt are too high, apparently due to a stock solution concentration error, and have been normalized to the present results. These combined data and other activity data were then used to generate recommended values for the osmotic coefficients, water activities, and mean molal activity coefficients of La(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/. The solubility of La(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/.6H/sub 2/O(cr) was determined to be 4.6147 +- 0.0056 mol.kg/sup -1/ by the isopiestic method; this is in excellent agreement with the IUPAC recommended value of 4.610 +- 0.005 mol.kg/sup -1/. Density data were measured for aqueous Eu(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ from 0.03996 to 1.1014 mol.kg/sup -1/ at 25/sup 0/C by using pycnometry.
Mild Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), was identified to impact several health outcomes and physiopathological processes, most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, much less research had addressed the impact of mild OSA as a risk factor for symptomatic CVD. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence regarding mild OSA and its association with CVD and whether treatment of mild OSA is effective at preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. There is absence of recent large-scale randomized clinical trials that address the impact of mild OSA and its therapy on the risk of CVD. Findings from recent studies are inconsistent and do not support the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy for the sole purpose of preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with mild OSA. There is limited or uncertain evidence pertaining to the impact of mild OSA and its therapy on CVD. Future research is mandated to further elucidate this critical topic.
Limits on the stochastic gravitational wave background and prospects for single-source detection with GRACE Follow-On

With a reinterpretation of recent results, the GRACE Follow-On mission can be applied to gravitational wave astronomy. Existing GRACE Follow-On data constrain the stochastic gravitational wave background to ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{GW}}l3.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ at 100 mHz. With a dedicated analysis, GRACE Follow-On may be able to detect the inspiral of local neutron star binaries, inspiral of subgalactic stellar-mass black hole binaries, or mergers of intermediate-mass black hole binaries within the Milky Way.
Does Gross Margin Examination Reduce Re-excision Rate in Breast Conservation for Invasive Carcinoma? CALLER Review.

Objective Determine if Gross Margin Examination reduces margin re-excision rate. Our institutional practice is to perform Gross Margin Examination (GME) with Real-time re-excision (RRE) for all breast conservation specimens with Invasive Carcinoma. Materials and methods Chart review was done to determine if this practice is helpful. 51 CALLER charts were reviewed from December 2016 to December 2017. Results Thirty-three underwent margin RRE based on the GME. 11 had cancer in the re-resected margin, 6 of which were cleared with the RRE. The other 5 were reoperated on to clear the margin because on final pathology a margin other than the re-resected margin was positive for malignancy. GME was helpful in preventing reoperation in 55%. None of the remaining 22 patients receiving were found to have a positive margin on final pathology, with 1.6 margins on average re-resected. 13/18 patients did not have RRE and had a final clear margin, but of the other 5, final margin was positive for DCIS in 2 and Invasive Cancer in 3. GME missed invasive disease at the margin in 3 of these 18 patients. Conclusion GME was helpful in preventing reoperation in 6 of 11 patients who would have had a positive margin. However, this resulted in the unnecessary removal of additional normal breast tissue in 22 patients. 3 patients' positive margins were missed with GME and required reoperation. 13 patients were able to avoid re-excision and 11 were able to clear their margin in real-time, improving outcomes 24/51 patients. GME therefore does appear useful.
A novel temporal identity window generates alternating Eve+/Nkx6+ motor neuron subtypes in a single progenitor lineage

Spatial patterning specifies neural progenitor identity, with further diversity generated by temporal patterning within individual progenitor lineages. In vertebrates, these mechanisms generate “cardinal classes” of neurons that share a transcription factor identity and common morphology. In Drosophila, two cardinal classes are Even-skipped (Eve)+ motor neurons projecting to dorsal longitudinal muscles, and Nkx6+ motor neurons projecting to ventral oblique muscles. Cross-repressive interactions prevent stable double-positive motor neurons. The Drosophila neuroblast 7–1 (NB7–1) lineage uses a temporal transcription factor cascade to generate five distinct Eve+ motor neurons; the origin and development of Nkx6+ motor neurons remains unclear. We use a neuroblast specific Gal4 line, sparse labelling and molecular markers to identify an Nkx6+ VO motor neuron produced by the NB7–1 lineage. We use lineage analysis to birth-date the VO motor neuron to the Kr+ Pdm+ neuroblast temporal identity window. We use gain- and loss-of-function strategies to test the role of Kr+ Pdm+ temporal identity and the Nkx6 transcription factor in specifying VO neuron identity. Lineage analysis identifies an Nkx6+ neuron born from the Kr+ Pdm+ temporal identity window in the NB7–1 lineage, resulting in alternation of cardinal motor neuron subtypes within this lineage (Eve>Nkx6 > Eve). Co-overexpression of Kr/Pdm generates ectopic VO motor neurons within the NB7–1 lineage – the first evidence that this TTF combination specifies neuronal identity. Moreover, the Kr/Pdm combination promotes Nkx6 expression, which itself is necessary and sufficient for motor neuron targeting to ventral oblique muscles, thereby revealing a molecular specification pathway from temporal patterning to cardinal transcription factor expression to motor neuron target selection. We show that one neuroblast lineage generates interleaved cardinal motor neurons fates; that the Kr/Pdm TTFs form a novel temporal identity window that promotes expression of Nkx6; and that the Kr/Pdm > Nkx6 pathway is necessary and sufficient to promote VO motor neuron targeting to the correct ventral muscle group.
The characterization of the cow-calf, stocker and feedlot cattle industry water footprint to assess the impact of livestock water use sustainability

Perception of freshwater use varies between nations and has led to concerns of how to evaluate water use for sustainable food production. The water footprint of beef cattle (WFB) is an important metric to determine current levels of freshwater use and to set sustainability goals. However, current WFB publications provide broad WF values with inconsistent units preventing direct comparison of WFB models. The water footprint assessment (WFA) methodologies use static physio-enviro-managerial equations, rather than dynamic, which limits their ability to estimate cattle water use. This study aimed to advance current WFA methods for WFB estimation by formulating the WFA into a system dynamics methodology to adequately characterize the major phases of the beef cattle industry and provide a tool to identify high-leverage solutions for complex water use systems. Texas is one of the largest cattle producing areas in the United States, a significant water user. This geolocation is an ideal template for WFB estimation in other regions due to its diverse geography, management-cultures, climate and natural resources. The Texas Beef Water Footprint model comprised seven submodels (cattle population, growth, nutrition, forage, WFB, supply chain and regional water use; 1432 state variables). Calibration of our model replicated initial WFB values from an independent study by Chapagain and Hoekstra in 2003 (CH2003). This CH2003 v. Texas production scenarios evaluated model parameters and assumptions and estimated a 41–66% WFB variability. The current model provides an insightful tool to improve complex, unsustainable and inefficient water use systems.
Safe and effective treatment of atopic dermatitis using dupilumab over 23 months in a patient with HIV.

In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration approved dupilumab for patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) refractory to topical therapies; however, clinical trials specifically excluded patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we describe the effective and uncomplicated treatment of AD with dupilumab over a 23-month period in a patient with HIV. Throughout the treatment duration, the patient demonstrated marked improvement in AD severity, while maintaining stable CD4 T cell counts and viral load. These results suggest that dupilumab represents a safe and effective treatment option for AD in patients with HIV.
Leadership and Librarians: A New Pedagogical Direction

Over the course of their career, law students will work as attorneys, judges, corporate counsel, government employees, and in a multitude of other capacities. They will also be active in highly visible roles in their local communities. In a nutshell, lawyers become leaders. However, there are only approximately 40 law schools which currently offer any type of leadership course or program for their students. To build on this need, who in the law school may have the experience to take on this unique pedagogical role? What about the librarians? The library in a law school is very similar to a small business, with financial, personnel, and customer service issues, and the library director must take on a leadership role for this to all work smoothly. Library directors often have leadership training as a part of their educational background and many librarians have worked in other fields to bring additional experience to the table. This article advocates for librarians playing a major role in the overlooked educational need of leadership development.
Bartonellosis in transplant recipients: A retrospective single center experience.

Background Bartonellosis is a rare but challenging condition to diagnose with a spectrum of clinical presentations in the immunocompromised host. Aim To further characterize the presentation of Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study of all B. henselae testing for 5012 transplant recipients receiving care at a single institution between 2011 and 2018. Results We identified 38 patients who underwent testing for B. henselae, and three of 38 were found to have bartonellosis. Two of the patients were renal transplant recipients who presented with visceral bartonellosis and symptoms concerning for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. One autologous stem cell transplant recipient presented with cat scratch disease. We detail the clinical courses of these three cases and review the literature concerning the clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and limitations of diagnostic tests for B. henselae infections in transplant recipients. Conclusion Although the incidence of B. henselae infection in transplant recipients is unknown, it merits inclusion in the differential diagnosis for fever of unknown origin in this population.
Microtubule organization of vertebrate sensory neurons in vivo

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are the predominant cell type that innervates the vertebrate skin. They are typically described as pseudounipolar cells that have central and peripheral axons branching from a single root exiting the cell body. The peripheral axon travels within a nerve to the skin, where free sensory endings can emerge and branch into an arbor that receives and integrates information. In some immature vertebrates, DRG neurons are preceded by Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons. While the sensory endings of RB and DRG neurons function like dendrites, we use live imaging in zebrafish to show that they have axonal plus-end-out microtubule polarity at all stages of maturity. Moreover, we show both cell types have central and peripheral axons with plus-end-out polarity. Surprisingly, in DRG neurons these emerge separately from the cell body, and most cells never acquire the signature pseudounipolar morphology. Like another recently characterized cell type that has multiple plus-end-out neurites, ganglion cells in Nematostella, RB and DRG neurons maintain a somatic microtubule organizing center even when mature. In summary, we characterize key cellular and subcellular features of vertebrate sensory neurons as a foundation for understanding their function and maintenance.