cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency component of the heart rate variability spectrum: a poor marker of sympathetic activity

The low-frequency component of the heart rate variability spectrum (0.06–0.10 Hz) is often used as an accurate reflection of sympathetic activity. Therefore, interventions that enhance cardiac symp...
The Internationalization of Antitrust Enforcement

This article analyzes past efforts to create an internatiional competition law system and then suggests a modest approach toward instituting such a system. Part I discusses both the failed attempts to achieve a true international or harmonized competition law and the greater success of regional efforts. Part II discusses the limited success of antitrust cooperation on a multilateral and explores the more successful regional and bilateral cooperation agreements. Part III examines the governmental, business, and institutional pressures for and against further harmonization or cooperation. Part IV suggests three scenarios under which harmonization and the creation of international antitrust rules are most likely to succeed. Finally, Part V advoctaes the modest goal of an international competiton system that requires each nation to have an effective competition law and to enforce it in a non-discriminatory manner, comporting with existing standards of national and most-favored nation treatment as those terms are understod in international economic law.
Microwave radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in corneal epithelium of Chinese hamsters

A microwave diathermy machine was used to irradiate the eyes of 5-month-old female Chinese hamsters. The right eye of each of seven animals was irradiated with 75 mW/cm2 radiation density for 10 minutes. After one month, slit-lamp examinations revealed lens opacities in the exposed eyes of two animals. Next, the right eye of each of 32 animals was irradiated with 100 mW/cm2 radiation density for 30, 20, 10, or 5 minutes. Epithelial cells of the cornea were collected to make chromosomal preparations. There were 0.1562, 0.0794, 0.0819, and 0.0488 chromosomal breaks per cell, respectively. No chromosomal breaks were observed in three sham-exposed animals. The percentage of abnormal cells and the number of chromosomal breaks per cell in animals that had exposures of 100 mW/cm2 radiation density for 30 minutes were higher than those in control animals. These results were statistically significant at the 5 percent level.
Optimization of Flexible Ag-Chalcogenide Glass Sensors for Radiation Detection

We demonstrate how the radiation response and performance of Ag-chalcogenide glass radiation sensors fabricated on a flexible substrate can be optimized by modifications of spacing between electrodes.
ECOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN A DARWIN'S FINCH, GEOSPIZA DIFFICILIS

Morphological variation among different island populations is a familiar attribute of many species of Darwin's finches. Lack (1947) provided the first detailed arguments for the adaptive significance of morphological variation in this group. He stressed two aspects: first, that several morphological features are related to feeding, and second, that morphological differences between populations may be associated with inter-island differences in the type and number of potentially competing species. A specific example is the sharp-beaked ground finch, Geospiza difficilis. This species is widely distributed in the Galapagos archipelago and occurs with a variety of combinations of congeneric species (Fig. 1). Lack argued that the population on Genovesa resembles the absent species G. fuliginosa. Two other populations on the low islands of Darwin and Wolf resemble the cactus finch, G. scandens, where both this species and G. fuliginosa are absent (Lack, 1947). Geospiza difficilis populations on the more central highland islands are intermediate between these two extremes. From these data Lack inferred that on Genovesa G. difficilis occupies the feeding niche exploited by G. fuliginosa on other islands, and that on Darwin and Wolf it combines the niches of G. fuliginosa and G. scandens (Fig. 1). Lack considered this as evidence in support of his general thesis that competition had influenced the adaptive radiation of the finches. Lack based these conclusions largely
Amino acid composition of morphological fractions of rat livers and induced liver tumors.

Summary1. The perfused livers from adult rats fed either a basal diet containing 12% of casein or the same diet plus 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for 4 weeks, and the liver tumors induced by this dye were fractionated into nuclear, large granule (mitochondria), small granule (microsome), and supernatant fluid fractions. The amounts of 17 amino acids were determined in the total proteins from the original homogenate and in each of the fractions. The importance of using perfused livers for these analyses was demonstrated experimentally.2. When the basal diet was fed, the proteins from the nuclear fraction contained lower concentrations of histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and cystine and a higher concentration of glycine than the whole liver proteins. The large granule proteins contained less histidine, the small granule proteins less methionine and glycine and more tryptophan, and the supernatant fluid proteins less tryptophan and more cystine than the proteins of the original homogenate.3. The livers of ...
Response Surface Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of High Speed Train Nose

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of using adaptive response surface for optimization problems which require expensive computations. In this paper and attempt is made to address the robustness of the optimization algorithms and make improvements. A new optimization algorithm, hybrid GA PSO algorithm was introduced and was found to be robust and accurate than the original GA or PSO algorithms. The new hybrid algorithm was used to identify the optimum nose shape of the train. The prediction of aerodynamic drag requires computational uid dynamic simulations. To limit the number of computer simulations required to perform the optimization, a response surface identical to kriging model with accuracy check was combined with the shape optimization algorithm. Initial results show that the combined shape optimization algorithm requires a small number of simulations to nd the optimum design compared with other methods. The suggest method not only requires a small number of simulations but is also robust. The assumption that it requires around 10 simulations for each of the design variables in the optimization problem needs further study to further reduce the number of simulations without loosing the eectiveness of the algorithm.
Analysis of hydrocarbon migration based on the interior structure of fault zone

The field-geology survey shows that the fault interior structure is zonation including mainly two parts: breakage zone and induced fracture zone.Hydrocarbon migration through fault is divided into three phases: The first phase is the fastest and most efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the preponderant fracture in piping fluid under the drive of "seismic plumping" when fault is motive;The second phase is the faster and more efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the induced fracture network,because fractures are liable to be crammed,the period from fault motionless to fracture seal is very short.Once the fractures are crammed,hydrocarbon migrates only through pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone,this phase is low-efficient.Hydrocarbon can migrate through three pathways synchronously and continuously.From this a fault is really seal when three types of migration passages are sealed.
On speaker adaptation of long short-term memory recurrent neural networks.

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture specializing in modeling long-range temporal dynamics. On acoustic modeling tasks, LSTM-RNNs have shown better performance than DNNs and conventional RNNs. In this paper, we conduct an extensive study on speaker adaptation of LSTM-RNNs. Speaker adaptation helps to reduce the mismatch between acoustic models and testing speakers. We have two main goals for this study. First, on a benchmark dataset, the existing DNN adaptation techniques are evaluated on the adaptation of LSTM-RNNs. We observe that LSTMRNNs can be effectively adapted by using speaker-adaptive (SA) front-end, or by inserting speaker-dependent (SD) layers. Second, we propose two adaptation approaches that implement the SD-layer-insertion idea specifically for LSTM-RNNs. Using these approaches, speaker adaptation improves word error rates by 3-4% relative over a strong LSTM-RNN baseline. This improvement is enlarged to 6-7% if we exploit SA features for further adaptation.
Nick Cozzarelli: A Personal Remembrance

In the weeks following Nick Cozzarelli’s untimely passing two years ago, much was written about his fundamental contributions to molecular biology [1–6]. It is not our intent here to recapitulate an account of his groundbreaking scientific contributions or his outstanding service to the scientific community, which were covered well previously. Instead, we offer a personal portrayal of Nick as seen through the eyes of those who worked in his laboratory. As postdocs in the Cozzarelli laboratory spanning the years between 1989 and 1997 (S.D.L. 1989–92; L.Z. 1990–97), we were privileged to witness firsthand a period when the scope of Nick’s interests and the range of techniques he would apply to problems underwent a dramatic expansion.
A Multiple Access Protocol for Multimedia Transmission over 5G Wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode Network

The wireless network is motivated by the rapidly increasing demand for 5G network. The 5G wireless network system is expect to support different resource services sorted Constant Bit Rate, Variable Bit Rate, Available Bit Rate and Unspecific Bit Rate Request of Services. In this paper, we propose a multiple access protocol for the signal with an integrated mix of multimedia traffic in the 5G wireless network. When the buffer of base station is empty in high speed network system, services are assigned priority class on the base of Time-to-Live (TTL) with respect to the service source types within each TTL class. There is a need of piggybacking request with the package transmissions synchronously when the packets arrive at a non-empty buffer. It also shows the transmission requests are placed collision-free. The multiple access schemes are very challenging such as more efficiency, intelligent, no subsequence collision and cybersecurity. The expect simulation results are evaluate the packet throughput, packet loss and packet delay. The results illustrate the proposed scheme has better performance than the conventional packet reservation multiple access, distributed queuing request update multiple access and adaptive request channel multiple access for the 5G wireless network.
Parallel-Beam Image Reconstruction

This chapter introduces the central slice theorem, which is the function of tomography. This theorem relates the 2D image with its 1D projections in the Fourier domain. From this theorem, many image reconstruction algorithms are derived. Among these algorithms, the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm is the most popular one, which consists of a ramp-filtering step and a backprojection step. The filtering can be implemented as a multiplication in the Fourier domain or as a convolution in the spatial domain. A recent hot topic of region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction with truncated projections is included in this chapter.
Capacitated transit service network design with boundedly rational agents

Abstract This paper proposes a new alternative modeling framework to systemically account for boundedly rational decision rules of travelers in a dynamic transit service network with tight capacity constraints. Within a time-discretized space-time network, the time-dependent transit services are characterized by traveling arcs and waiting arcs with constant travel times. Instead of using traditional flow-based formulations, an agent-based integer linear formulation is proposed to represent boundedly rational decisions under strictly imposed capacity constraints, due to vehicle carrying capacity and station storage capacity. Focusing on a viable and limited sets of space-time path alternatives, the proposed single-level optimization model can be effectively decomposed to a time-dependent routing sub-problem for individual agents and a knapsack sub-problem for service arc selections through the Lagrangian decomposition. In addition, several practically important modeling issues are discussed, such as dynamic and personalized transit pricing, passenger inflow control as part of network restraint strategies, and penalty for early/late arrival. Finally, numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the methodology and computational efficiency of our proposed model and algorithm.
Characteristics of the Mobile Population

This chapter explores current trends in household mobility by describing correlates of moving and individuals’ reasons for moving, exploring answers to the question, “Who moves and why?” While the research presented in Chap. 2 described household mobility trends in a large, demographic context, this chapter describes sociodemographic variations in household mobility and individuals’ reasons for moving. Drawing on nationally representative data from 2014–2015, household mobility and reasons for moving are explored as they occur differentially across age groups and by social class, race/ethnicity, housing tenure, and other demographic characteristics, such as gender and labor force participation.The primary goal of this chapter is to emphasize the variation in characteristics of movers and their reported reasons for doing so.
There's Work to be Done: Exploring Library–Vendor Relations

Academic library and vendor professionals were surveyed to determine strengths and weaknesses of these relationships—revealing, in some cases, conflicting priorities. The two groups offered perspectives on communication preferences, organizational strategies, priorities, and local challenges. Trends emerging from the survey results highlight a need to explore the library–vendor relationship further. This article will be of interest to academic librarians and staff working regularly with vendors in acquisitions or collection management.
Dissolved carbon biogeochemistry and export in mangrove-dominated rivers of the Florida Everglades

Abstract. The Shark and Harney rivers, located on the southwest coast of Florida, USA, originate in the freshwater, karstic marshes of the Everglades and flow through the largest contiguous mangrove forest in North America. In November 2010 and 2011, dissolved carbon source–sink dynamics was examined in these rivers during SF6 tracer release experiments. Approximately 80 % of the total dissolved carbon flux out of the Shark and Harney rivers during these experiments was in the form of inorganic carbon, either via air–water CO2 exchange or longitudinal flux of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the coastal ocean. Between 42 and 48 % of the total mangrove-derived DIC flux into the rivers was emitted to the atmosphere, with the remaining being discharged to the coastal ocean. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) represented ca. 10 % of the total mangrove-derived dissolved carbon flux from the forests to the rivers. The sum of mangrove-derived DIC and DOC export from the forest to these rivers was estimated to be at least 18.9 to 24.5 mmol m−2 d−1, a rate lower than other independent estimates from Shark River and from other mangrove forests. Results from these experiments also suggest that in Shark and Harney rivers, mangrove contribution to the estuarine flux of dissolved carbon to the ocean is less than 10 %.
Acute symptomatic peri-lead edema 33 hours after deep brain stimulation surgery: a case report.

Symptomatic peri-lead edema is a rare complication of deep brain stimulation that has been reported to develop 4 to 120 days postoperatively. Here we report the case of a 63-year-old Hispanic man with an 8-year history of Parkinson’s disease who underwent bilateral placement of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation leads and presented with acute, symptomatic, unilateral, peri-lead edema just 33 hours after surgery. We document a thorough radiographic time course showing the evolution of these peri-lead changes and their regression with steroid therapy, and discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings. We propose that the unilateral peri-lead edema after bilateral deep brain stimulation is the result of severe microtrauma with blood–brain barrier disruption. Knowledge of such early manifestation of peri-lead edema after deep brain stimulation is critical for ruling out stroke and infection and preventing unnecessary diagnostic testing or hardware removal in this rare patient population.
AgPd Nanoparticles Deposited on WO2.72 Nanorods as an Efficient Catalyst for One-Pot Conversion of Nitrophenol/Nitroacetophenone into Benzoxazole/Quinazoline

We report a seed-mediated growth of 2.3 nm AgPd nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of 40 × 5 nm WO2.72 nanorods (NRs) for the synthesis of AgPd/WO2.72 composites. The strong interactions between AgPd NPs and WO2.72 NRs make the composites, especially the Ag48Pd52/WO2.72, catalytically active for dehydrogenation of formic acid (TOF = 1718 h–1 and Ea = 31 kJ/mol) and one-pot reactions of formic acid, 2-nitrophenol, and aldehydes into benzoxazoles in near quantitative yields under mild conditions. The catalysis can also be extended to the one-pot reactions of ammonium formate, 2-nitroacetophenone, and aldehyde for high yield syntheses of quinazolines. Our studies demonstrate a new catalyst design to achieve a green chemistry approach to one-pot reactions for the syntheses of benzoxazoles and quinazolines.
Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America

This national report on the law of shareholder agreements in the United State of America outlines the nature of corporate law regulation in the United States as it relates to shareholder agreements. Particular areas discussed in the context of shareholder agreements in the United States include: shareholder rights, transfer of shares, the constitution of the corporation, pre-insolvency, legal effects of shareholder agreements, including legal effects on the corporation, the consequences of the breach of shareholder agreements, and the enforcement of shareholder agreements.
Objects Matter: Generating Knowledge at the Boundaries of Research and Practice

Research on cross-boundary work recommends that actors from different communities engage in deep dialogue and reconcile differences in order to generate knowledge. Boundary objects are posited to afford this boundary work. Objects help actors identify differences, bridge those differences, and in the process, discover additional differences and build interdependencies. Our study, however, focused on episodic, as opposed to the sustained engagements of prior research on boundary work. In shorter interactions, actors do not have as much opportunity to engage in deep dialogue and reconcile differences, so the effectiveness of boundary objects is not clear. Hence we ask: how do boundary objects afford boundary work in episodic interactions? We answer this question inductively by observing a project between researchers and managers in which they periodically met to generate solutions to sustainability issues. We also draw on 57 interviews with researchers, managers and project managers who had participated in ...
Tasting the Tree of Life: Development of a Collaborative, Cross-Campus, Science Outreach Meal Event.

Communicating about science with the public can present a number of challenges, from participation to engagement to impact. In an effort to broadly communicate messages regarding biodiversity, evolution, and tree-thinking with the campus community at The College of New Jersey (TCNJ), a public, primarily undergraduate institution, we created a campus-wide, science-themed meal, “Tasting the Tree of Life: Exploring Biodiversity through Cuisine.” We created nine meals that incorporated 149 species/ingredients across the Tree of Life. Each meal illustrated a scientific message communicated through interactions with undergraduate biology students, informational signs, and an interactive website. To promote tree-thinking, we reconstructed a phylogeny of all 149 ingredients. In total, 3,262 people attended the meal, and evaluations indicated that participants left with greater appreciation for the biodiversity and evolutionary relatedness of their food. A keynote lecture and a coordinated social media campaign enhanced the scientific messages, and media coverage extended the reach of this event. “Tasting the Tree of Life” highlights the potential of cuisine as a valuable science communication tool.
Author Correction: SZT2 dictates GATOR control of mTORC1 signalling.

In the originally published version of this Letter, there was an error in Extended Data Fig. 7e and the corresponding uncropped blots in the Supplementary Information. The actin bands in the last blot of Extended Data Fig. 7e were duplicates of the corresponding actin bands in the last blot of Extended Data Fig. 7 f. (In the uncropped blot for Extended Data Fig. 7e, the actin bands were mislabelled as ‘WDR59’ and this led to the error.) Extended Data Fig. 7 and the Supplementary Information of the original Letter have been corrected online. (The Supplementary Information to this Amendment contains the original Extended Data Fig. 7, and the original incorrect Supplementary Information.) We apologise for this error, which does not affect the conclusions of the paper.
Astrocytes amplify neuronal dendritic volume transmission

In addition to their support role in neurotransmitter and ion buffering, astrocytes directly regulate neurotransmission at synapses via local bidirectional signaling with neurons. Here, we reveal a new form of neuronal-astrocytic signaling that transmits retrograde dendritic signals to upstream neurons to activate recurrent synaptic circuits. Norepinephrine activates α-adrenoreceptors in hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) neurons to stimulate dendritic release, which triggers an astrocytic calcium response and release of ATP; ATP stimulates action potentials in upstream glutamate and GABA neurons to activate recurrent excitatory and inhibitory synaptic circuits to the CRF neurons. Thus, norepinephrine activates a novel retrograde signaling mechanism in CRF neurons that engages astrocytes in order to extend dendritic volume transmission to reach distal presynaptic glutamate and GABA neurons, thereby amplifying volume transmission mediated by dendritic release.
Dispersion and Dissipation

In the previous chapters we have included a large number of problems and examples involving computational results. Generally, the problems involved were theoretically easy enough so that we could compare our results with the exact solutions. There have been times when we have made no mention of these comparisons and/or did not explain why we sometimes obtain bad results. In this chapter we will develop several techniques for analyzing numerical schemes. Sometimes the results will help us choose the correct parameters (Δx, Δt, etc.) for obtaining a satisfactory solution. Sometimes the results will only tell us why our results are bad. In either case, it is hoped that the material will fill a gap in our knowledge about difference scheme approximations to partial differential equations that will make us better practitioners. As we shall see later, the material presented in this chapter applies to both parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations. Since the results are more dramatic for hyperbolic equations, we begin our discussion with results from two previous computations involving the solution of hyperbolic equations.
Using fuzzy inference to improve TCP congestion control over wireless networks

While modern wireless networks have been in development for a couple of decades, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which runs over those networks has existed since the mid 1970s. As it was developed before wireless networks were even conceived, TCP was not optimized to consider the physical characteristics of wireless links. Specifically, TCP responds to packet loss due to link errors in the same way it responds to packet loss due to congestion: it cuts back the rate at which traffic is sent. A means of improving performance of TCP over wireless links is to classify packet losses, and react only to those losses perceived as being caused by network congestion. There is a demonstrated applicability of fuzzy inference in solving problems that are difficult to stochastically model or analyze. Fuzzy inference systems allow problems to be defined intuitively using a propositional IF THEN rule base. In this paper, we use environmental variables available to TCP implementations to feed a fuzzy inference system that classifies packet loss due to congestion or wireless problem without sacrificing the end-to-end reliability of TCP. Using the network simulator ns-3 we demonstrate that our TCP+FUZZY Classifier implementation performs better than de facto TCP implementations on the Internet while maintaining TCP-friendliness property.
Entrepreneurial Project Team Composition in New Technology-Based Ventures

We examine how resource constraints shape human capital allocation and usage in entrepreneurial project teams. Specifically, we focus on the role of financial and human capital constraints on the u...
Causes of patient ineligibility in clinical trials of metastatic urothelial cancer.

4556Background: Registrational trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy help inform clinicians and patients about the expected outcomes of patients receiving these drugs. However, the clinical trial ...
Anesthetic Management of Emergency Cesarean Delivery in a Patient With Noonan and Eisenmenger Syndromes: Case Report

Background and Objectives. A parturient with both Eisenmenger and Noonan syndromes presented for emergency cesarean delivery. Methods. The anesthetic technique included spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl, oxygen, and rapid correction of hypotension with phenylephrine. Special circumstances precluded the use of invasive monitoring. Intraoperative monitoring consisted of ECG, pulse oximetry, and noninvasive blood pressure. A continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl was utilized for postoperative pain management. Results. A cesarean delivery was successfully performed and both mother and infant were eventually discharged from the hospital. Conclusion. This case report emphasizes the issues of importance to anesthesiologists in regard to Eisenmenger and Noonan syndromes and describes a successful technique for caring for a complex patient in an emergency situation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Maize Mosaic Nucleorhabdovirus

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of maize mosaic virus (MMV) was obtained using next-generation sequencing from infected Peregrinus maidis and rapid amplification of cDNA ends from infected Zea mays. The genome of MMV is 12,170 bases, and this project completed the 5′ and 3′ ends and amended the polymerase sequence.
Earthquake Surface Rupture: A Brief Survey on Interdisciplinary Research and Practice from Geology to Geotechnical Engineering

Coseismic surface ruptures during desctructive earthquakes (1999 Kocaeli–Duzce, Turkey and 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan) have caused devastating effects on buildings and infrastructures. Surface rupture remains a complicated phenomenon involving variable movements along near surface traces of both primary and secondary faults. The surface rupture patterns observed in nature, the rupture zone width and the magnitude of the surface rupture displacements, depend on the type of faulting, the earthquake magnitude, the complexities of fault geometry, as well as on the thickness and nature of the materials above bedrock. Surface rupture hazard assessment for determining the width of the surface rupture and rupture displacements magnitudes for civil engineering design needs to be site specific and incorporate various geological and geotechnical investigations. The current research on laboratory and numerical simulations to evaluate the impact of surface rupture on structure foundations is promising. However, it may be misleading to conclude that such models are sufficient to simulate the surface rupture complexities as observed in nature.
Need and Capacity of a Toolkit for Occupational Health Nurses to Promote a New or Enhanced Drug-Free Workplace Program:

Background: A drug-free workplace program (DFWP) has been shown to be effective in reducing workers' drug misuse. The purpose of this project was to determine the need and capacity for a new or enhanced DFWP in a large health system. If determined to be needed, the next step would be to develop, implement, and evaluate a toolkit to assist occupational health nurses to promote a new or enhanced DFWP. Methods: A strategic prevention framework was used to assess the need and capacity for a toolkit to prepare occupational health nurses to promote a new or enhanced DFWP. The project was conducted in the occupational health services department at a large health system in the Midwest U.S. occupational health nurses and employee assistance counselors in the hospital system completed a survey assessing the need and capacity for a new or enhanced DFWP. Findings: A gap was identified in the perceived effectiveness of training about DFWP and current DFWP components. The findings reflect the need and capacity for a DFWP toolkit. Optimally, a DFWP toolkit would include evidence-based drug and alcohol screening tools. We found that a toolkit for occupational health nurses to promote a new or enhanced DFWP in the project site was warranted. Conclusion/Application to practice: A DFWP can be an effective method of promoting workplace health and safety. Occupational health nurses can contact state and national representatives to encourage monitoring of drug-related work injuries to provide evidence to influence health policies to support effective DFWPs.
Relation between onset age and the motor complications involved in Parkinson' s disease

Objective To observe the relation between onset age and the motor complications involved Parkinaon' s disease (PD).Methods The detailed clinical information of 195 patients with idiopathic PD and good response to L-dopa were recorded and followed up.The data were calculated with SPSS statistic software.Results Although the time interval between the onset of the disease and the use of L-dopa was significantly longer in the 57 early-onset patients as compared to the 138 later-onset ones ((3.88±3.33) years vs (2.36±2.21) years, t = 3.142, P = 0.002), the time interval between the use of L-dopa and the occurrence of motor complications was not significantly longer in the early-onset group ((3.81±2.06) years vs (4.24±2.00) years, t = -0.888, P = 0.378).There was no difference in the constituent ratio of non-L-dopa use from onset between early-onset and later-onset PD groups (28.07% (16/57) vs 27.54% (38/138), χ2 = 0.006, P = 0.940).There was also no difference in the dosage of daily L-dopa use when motor complications occurred between early-onset and later-onset PD groups ((601.8± 296.7) mgvs (655.6±192.5) mg, t = -0.912, P=0.365).Seven-tenths of the patients with an onset age younger than 40 years old carried the risk of motor complications after using L-dopa for 5-years and those older than 70 years had the risk at a rate of 1/10.Conclusions Delaying the of use of L-dopa may not necessarily delay the onset of motor complications.The high incidence of motor complications among younger patients may not be related with drug dosage and the type of drug firstly chosen.Younger onset age does inerease the ineidence of motor complicatious. Key words: Parkinson disease; Dyskinesias; Age of onset
Combinatorics of two second-order mock theta functions

We introduce combinatorial interpretations of the coefficients of two second-order mock theta functions. Then, we provide a bijection that relates the two combinatorial interpretations for each fun...
The Unedited Self: Fostering Subversive Imagination in Ministry with Boys and Young Men

This article draws from the life and work of George Bellows (1882–1925), a noted American painter at the turn of the twentieth century, in relation to his art instructor, Robert Henri (1865–1929), to envision pastoral relationships that foster spontaneous self-expression and the embrace of intrapsychic complexity in contemporary American boys and young men. It examines cultural trends and male psychosexual struggles that bolster undue self-screening at the expense of archaic, semiconscious desires to see and to be seen, to know and to be known. By identifying with artwork, artist, and art instructor, ministers or mentors aspire to evoke and enrich several facets of their own and their protege’s self-experience, designated here the unedited self, the unmanifested self, and the unencumbered self.
Conformational catalysis of cataract-associated aggregation in a human eye lens crystallin occurs via interface stealing

Abstract Human γD-crystallin (HγD) is an abundant and highly stable two-domain protein in the core region of the eye lens. Destabilizing mutations and post-translational modifications in this protein are linked to onset of aggregation that causes cataract disease (lens turbidity). Wild-type HγD greatly accelerates aggregation of the cataract-related W42Q variant, without itself aggregating. The mechanism of this “inverse prion” catalysis of aggregation remained unknown. Here we provide evidence that an early unfolding intermediate with an opened domain interface enables transient dimerization of the C-terminal domains of wild-type and mutant, or mutant and mutant, HγD molecules, which deprives the mutant’s N-terminal domain of intramolecular stabilization by the native domain interface and thus accelerates its misfolding to a distinct, aggregation-prone intermediate. A detailed kinetic model predicts universal power-law scaling relationships for lag time and rate of the resulting aggregation, which are in excellent agreement with the data. The mechanism reported here, which we term interface stealing, can be generalized to explain how common domain-domain interactions can have surprising consequences, such as conformational catalysis of unfolding, in multidomain proteins. Significance Most known proteins in nature consist of multiple domains. Interactions between domains may lead to unexpected folding and misfolding phenomena. This study of human γD-crystallin, a two-domain protein in the eye lens, revealed one such surprise: conformational catalysis of misfolding via intermolecular domain interface “stealing.” An intermolecular interface between the more stable domains outcompetes the native intramolecular domain interface. Loss of the native interface in turn promotes misfolding and subsequent aggregation, especially in cataract-related γD-crystallin variants. This phenomenon is likely a contributing factor in the development of cataract disease, the leading worldwide cause of blindness. However, interface stealing likely occurs in many proteins composed of two or more interacting domains.
Evaluation of a Novel Female Gender Flexible Ureteroscope: Comparison of Flow and Deflection to a Standard Flexible Ureteroscope

Introduction: The advent of single-use disposable flexible ureteroscopes allows for rapid prototyping of novel endoscopes. In this regard, we sought to develop a female-specific ureteroscope, with ...
Estimating Teff, radius, and luminosity of M-dwarfs using high-resolution optical and NIR spectral features

We estimate effective temperature ($T_{\rm eff}$), stellar radius, and luminosity for a sample of 271 M-dwarf stars (M0V-M7V) observed as a part of CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) radial-velocity planet survey. For the first time, using the simultaneously observed high resolution (R$\sim90000$) spectra in the optical (0.52 - 0.96 $\mu$m) and near-infrared (0.96 - 1.71 $\mu$m) bands, we derive empirical calibration relationships to estimate the fundamental parameters of these low-mass stars. We select a sample of nearby and bright M-dwarfs as our calibrators for which the physical parameters are acquired from high-precision interferometric measurements. To identify the most suitable indicators of $T_{\rm eff}$, radius, and luminosity (log $L/L_{\odot}$), we inspect a range of spectral features and assess them for reliable correlations. We perform multivariate linear regression and find that the combination of pseudo equivalent widths and equivalent width ratios of the Ca II at 0.854 $\mu$m and Ca II at 0.866 $\mu$m lines in the optical and the Mg I line at 1.57 $\mu$m in the NIR give the best fitting linear functional relations for the stellar parameters with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 99K, 0.06 $R_{\odot}$ and 0.22 dex respectively. We also explore and compare our results with literature values obtained using other different methods for the same sample of M dwarfs.
Acute Pancreatitis: The Increasing Role of Medical Management of a Traditionally Surgically Managed Disease

Abstract Management of acute pancreatitis and its complications has rapidly evolved in recent years. The earlier pillars of management that included prolonged bowel rest, empiric intravenous antibiotics, and early surgical intervention for complications such as pancreatic necrosis have become much less common. The latest evidence-based approaches to acute pancreatitis are taking almost a diametrically different path to previous management. The current strategy focuses on early feeding, judicious use of antibiotics, and delayed use of invasive interventions. Even in complex cases, when surgical interventions may be indicated, there is an expressed preference for minimally invasive techniques. We review the changes that have evolved rapidly over the past decade in this common clinical problem.
A rapid evidence assessment exploring whether antimicrobial resistance complicates non-infectious health conditions and healthcare services, 2010–20

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest public health threats at this time. While there is a good understanding of the impacts of AMR on infectious diseases, an area of less focus is the effects AMR may be having on non-communicable health conditions (such as cancer) and healthcare services (such as surgery). Therefore, this study aimed to explore what impact AMR is currently having on non-communicable health conditions, or areas of health services, where AMR could be a complicating factor impacting on the ability to treat the condition and/or health outcomes. To do this, a rapid evidence assessment of the literature was conducted, involving a systematic approach to searching and reviewing the evidence. In total, 101 studies were reviewed covering surgery, organ transplants, cancer, ICUs, diabetes, paediatric patients, immunodeficiency conditions, liver and kidney disease, and physical trauma. The results showed limited research in this area and studies often use a selective population, making the results difficult to generalize. However, the evidence showed that for all health conditions and healthcare service areas reviewed, at least one study demonstrated a higher risk of death for patients with resistant infections, compared with no or drug-susceptible infections. Poor health outcomes were also associated with resistant infections in some instances, such as severe sepsis and failure of treatments, as well as a greater need for invasive medical support. While there are gaps in the evidence base requiring further research, efforts are also needed within policy and practice to better understand and overcome these challenges.
A Sketch-Based Approach for Detecting Common Human Actions

We present a method for detecting common human actions in video, common to athletics and surveillance, using intuitive sketches and motion cues. The framework presented in this paper is an automated end-to-end system which (1) interprets the sketch input, (2) generates a query video based on motion cues, and (3) incorporates a new content-based action descriptor for matching. We apply our method to a publicly-available video repository of many common human actions and show that a video matching the concept of the sketch is generally returned in one of the top three query results.
Predictors of Attrition in a Treatment Program for Battering Men

This study examines factors associated with the high attrition rate in treatment programs for men who batter. In accord with past research, we expected demographic variables of age, race, employment status, relationship status, and socioeconomic status to predict attrition. We also hypothesized that attitudinal and personality variables, as well as contextual/program variables, might account for attrition more parsimoniously. Specifically, we hypothesized that attrition would be predicted by frequency and severity of violence, denial of a problem with violence, rigidity of thinking, low levels of self-disclosure, and higher anxiety and constriction in social situations. In addition, we predicted attrition would relate to dependency, maladaptive personality styles, and expectations regarding group counseling (e.g., whether treatment is perceived as aversive). Finally, we proposed that attrition would relate to whether batterer participation in treatment was self-motivated or the result of external pressures. Participants were 61 men enrolled in a batterer treatment program in a mid-sized city. Analyses of variance and discriminant analyses indicated that program attrition was unrelated to demographic, attitudinal, or personality variables. Only the contextual/program variables of mileage traveled to attend and external monitoring of attendance significantly differentiated treatment rejecters, drop-outs, and treatment continuers. Findings are discussed with regard to intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Future directions for exploration are discussed.
The Differential Privacy Frontier (Extended Abstract)

We review the definition of differential privacy and briefly survey a handful of very recent contributions to the differential privacy frontier.
Parametric correspondence and chamfer matching: two new techniques for image matching

Parametric correspondence is a technique for matching images to a three dimensional symbolic reference map. An analytic camera model is used to predict the location and appearance of landmarks in the image, generating a projection for an assumed viewpoint. Correspondence is achieved by adjusting the parameters of the camera model until the appearances of the landmarks optimally match a symbolic description extracted from the image. The matching of image and map features is performed rapidly by a new technique, called "chamfer matching", that compares the shapes of two collections of shape fragments, at a cost proportional to linear dimension, rather than area. These two techniques permit the matching of spatially extensive features on the basis of shape, which reduces the risk of ambiguous matches and the dependence on viewing conditions inherent in conventional image based correlation matching.
Murine Macrophages Produce Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor During Clearance of Apoptotic Cells: Implications for Resolution of the Inflammatory Response

Macrophage-derived secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) can be induced locally as well as systemically in response to microbial products such as LPS and lipotechoic acid. It is not known whether phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, an essential function of macrophages, can regulate expression and secretion of SLPI. In this study, we report that exposure of peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice or murine macrophage cell lines RAW264.7 and J774.1 to apoptotic target cells induced an elevation in SLPI secretion. Secreted SLPI retained its antichymotrypsin activity. SLPI expression in thymuses from BALB/c mice that had been injected with anti-CD3 Ab to induce apoptosis of thymocytes was also elevated both at the mRNA and protein levels. Colchicine, a microtubular inhibitor, blocked the internalization of apoptotic cells by macrophages but not SLPI secretion, suggesting that surface recognition of apoptotic cells is sufficient for the induction of SLPI. Exposure of RAW264.7 cells to apoptotic CTLL-2 cells induced both SLPI and TNF-α, and addition of IFN-γ inhibited SLPI but augmented TNF-α production. Transfection of either the secreted or a nonsecreted form of SLPI into RAW264.7 cells led to suppression of TNF-α production in response to apoptotic cells. Thus, macrophages secrete an increased amount of SLPI when encountering apoptotic cells, which may help to attenuate potential inflammation during clearance of these cells.
Disavowing the Instrumental Battle Piece

The long nineteenth century is bounded by conflicts that significantly altered the relationship between war and music. One musical genre to benefit early on was the instrumental battle piece, whose decline in popularity most scholarship assigns to around 1815. In fact, it can be argued that it survived for another century, transformed from a conveyor of heroic mythology to a politicized palimpsest of national and personal trauma through a process of disavowal, in which authors consciously projected chaos and disorder. Most battle pieces famous in the early nineteenth century, such as Kotzwara’s The Battle of Prague and Beethoven’s Wellingtons Sieg, feature a set of common ingredients that were poeticized and de-historicized toward mid-century in works such as Spohr’s Fourth Symphony. The tokenistic appearance of the traditional battle elements in Tchaikovsky’s “1812” Overture, Bartok’s Kossuth, and Debussy’s En blanc et noir suggests a widespread ontological subversion of the battle-music narrative in the...
CMRF-35-like molecule-1, a novel mouse myeloid receptor, can inhibit osteoclast formation.

By homology to triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells-2, we screened the mouse expressed sequence tag database and isolated a new single Ig domain receptor, which we have expressed and characterized. The receptor is most similar in sequence to the human CMRF-35 receptor, and thus we have named it CMRF-35-like molecule (CLM)-1. By screening the mouse genome, we determined that CLM-1 was part of a multigene family located on a small segment of mouse chromosome 11. Each contains a single Ig domain, and they are expressed mainly in cells of the myeloid lineage. CLM-1 contains multiple cytoplasmic tyrosine residues, including two that lie in consensus immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, and we demonstrate that CLM-1 can associate with Src-homology 2 containing phosphatase-1. Expression of CLM-1 mRNA is down-regulated by treatment with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), a cytokine that drives osteoclast formation. Furthermore, expression of CLM-1 in the osteoclastogenic cell line RAW (RAW.CLM-1) prevents osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and TGF-β. RAW.CLM-1 cells fail to multinucleate and do not up-regulate calcitonin receptor, but they express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, and β 3 integrin, suggesting that osteoclastogenesis is blocked at a late-intermediate stage. Thus, we define a new family of myeloid receptors, and demonstrate that the first member of this family, CLM-1, is an inhibitory receptor, able to block osteoclastogenesis.