cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The thermodynamic properties of the masson polymerization models of liquid silicates

The thermodynamic properties of the Masson polymerization models of liquid silicates are examined with specific reference to the orthosilicate composition. The variation of configurational entropy with anion fraction of free oxygen ions in the liquid orthosilicate is shown to be identical for both models. Quantitative relationships between the thermodynamic solution properties of the models and the thermochemical properties of the solid orthosilicate and its component oxides are derived. The models facilitate calculation of the melting temperatures of orthosilicates and afford an explanation of their general melting behavior.
Consuming English: How Mexican transmigrants form identities and construct symbolic citizenship through the English-language program Inglés sin Barreras [English without Barriers]

Abstract Ingles Sin Barreras is an English-language program that is highly advertised on Spanish-language television in the United States, to the point that it has become a pop-culture phenomenon. In this article, I argue that few people actually use it to learn English, but instead consume it as a symbol of national belonging. This article puts ideologies from the program itself into conversation with ethnographic data from migrants who have consumed the program. Ingles Sin Barreras is a commodity that mystifies inequitable power relations among stakeholders, and serves as a powerful symbol of the contradictions of national belonging for migrants. By synthesizing perspectives from both the program and its users, this article explores new linkages between theories of consumption and language ideology.
Two-dimensional electrons in excited Landau levels: evidence for new collective states

Recent magneto-transport experiments on high mobility two-dimensional electron systems have provided strong evidence that a new class of collective electronic states exists at high Landau level occupancy. Among the phenomena observed are strongly anisotropic resistances near half-filling and curious re-entrant integer quantum Hall states in the flanks of high Landau levels. These results have been widely interpreted as evidence for the existence of an unusual class of charge density wave states. This paper emphasizes the underlying arguments for the existence of new phases and reviews the charge density wave interpretation.
The reliability and validity of the Collateral Source version of the Geriatric Depression Rating Scale administered by telephone

Objective. To prospectively evaluate the reliability and validity of the Collateral Source Geriatric Depression Scale (CS-GDS) administered by telephone (T-CS-GDS) in patients undergoing outpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment. Subjects. Eighty-three geriatric patients evaluated in a 1-year period at the outpatient Geriatric Assessment Center of the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Methods. The 30-item CS-GDS was completed by the collateral source of all patients on three occasions: by telephone several days before their assessment, face-to-face during their assessment visit and several days later, again by phone. During their assessment, all patients were evaluated by one of three geriatric psychiatrists who were blinded to CS-GDS results. The test–retest reliability of the T-CS-GDS was measured by comparing the results of the two phone interviews. The construct validity of the T-CS-GDS was estimated by comparing the results of the initial T-CS-GDS with the CS-GDS obtained during the comprehensive assessment. The criterion validity of the T-CS-GDS was estimated by comparing the results of the T-CS-GDS with the clinical diagnosis of depression assigned by the psychiatrists. Results. The individual items of the initial T-CS-GDS showed substantial concordance with the second T-CS-GDS (kappa range 0.41–0.8, mean=0.61) and with the assessment GDS (kappa range 0.33–0.85, mean=0.61). Twelve items showed evidence of bias when comparing the two T-CS-GDSs and four items when comparing the initial T-CS-GDS with the CS-GDS done during the assessment. The mean number of symptomatic responses was not significantly different for the T-CS-GDS vs assessment administration but did decline slightly when comparing the two T-CS-GDSs. ROC curve analysis showed good agreement between the clinical diagnosis and the T-CS-GDS. Conclusion. The CS-GDS appears to maintain its reliability and validity when administered via telephone and thus may be useful for a variety of epidemiologic and clinical purposes. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
017 Cryomicroscopic analysis of damage mechanisms during freezing and thawing of a human diploid fibroblast cell line

Human diploid cell strains are useful for commercial production of viral vaccines. For example, the MRC-5 cell line (lung fibroblast) is used to produce vaccines against chickenpox and other childhood diseases. To support the safe mass production of such vaccines, it is necessary to cryopreserve standardized batches of concentrated cell suspension, thus ensuring a consistent supply of cells for manufacturing. However, the cryopreservation process can result in deleterious intracellular ice formation (IIF), or trigger other mechanisms that also lead to cell damage. Therefore, towards improving the efficiency of MRC-5 cryopreservation techniques, the IIF phenomenon was investigated in cell suspensions using a high-speed video cryomicroscopy system. Previous high-speed imaging studies have visualized the IIF process in adherent cells, but not in suspended cells. In the present study, the effect of cooling rate on IIF in MRC-5 cells in suspension was determined. High-speed videos were captured at recording rates of 540–1200 frames/s during freezing to −60 °C at various rates of cooling (1–120 °C/min). In the suspended cells, intracellular ice formation manifested as an advancing solidification front, with minimal change in cell transparency; the median duration of such IIF events was 1 ms during rapid cooling (120 °C/min), demonstrating the importance of high-speed imaging techniques to detect intracellular freezing. The cumulative incidence of IIF increased with increasing cooling rate, from 0% at 1 °C/min to 96% at 120 °C/min. The mean temperature of IIF was −21.7 °C ( n = 75) and −33.0 °C ( n = 853) during cooling at 15 °C/min and 120 °C/min, respectively. For MRC-5 cells cooled at 120 °C/min in the presence of 5% Me 2 SO, the mean IIF temperature was depressed to −46.1 °C. Whereas the majority of cells did not darken significantly during cooling, prominent cell darkening was often observed upon warming of the frozen cells. Video recordings were acquired during warming from −60 °C to 4 °C at a warming rate of 120 °C/min. In cells with intracellular ice, the probability of darkening during warming was greater than 50%, and darkening during warming appeared to be more likely for cells that had been frozen at a higher cooling rate. In slowly cooled samples, another phenomenon was observed during rapid warming: prior to melting of extracellular ice, a transient swelling was seen in many cells. Because the magnitude of these volume excursions was often large (e.g., doubling the original cell volume), it is likely that such events are damaging, and may represent a new form of slow-cooling injury. Source of funding: Funded in part by a gift from Merck & Co., Inc. to Villanova University. Conflict of interest: None declared. jens.karlsson@villanova.edu
A new combinatoric estimate for cluster expansions

We state and prove a new and previously unsuspected tree graph inequality, which is significantly stronger than the one commonly applied to cluster expansions. The older inequality controls the counting problem in the convergence proof of such an expansion, but the new inequality does more: it also exhibits extra 1/n! factors that can be applied to the cancellation of number divergences. The proof of this new combinatoric estimate is completely elementary.
Sialic acid and N-acyl sialic acid analog production by fermentation of metabolically and genetically engineered Escherichia coli

Sialic acid is the terminal sugar found on most glycoproteins and is crucial in determining serum half-life and immunogenicity of glycoproteins. Sialic acid analogs are antiviral therapeutics as well as crucial tools in bacterial pathogenesis research, immunobiology and development of cancer diagnostic imaging. The scarce supply of sialic acid hinders production of these materials. We have developed an efficient, rapid and cost effective fermentation route to access sialic acid. Our approach uses low cost feedstock, produces an industrially relevant amount of sialic acid and is scalable to manufacturing levels. We have also shown that precursor directed biosynthesis can be used to produce a N-acyl sialic acid analog. This work demonstrates the feasibility of engineering manufacturing-friendly bacteria to produce complex, unavailable small molecules.
ELECTRON CURRENT PULSE MONITOR FOR LINEAR ACCELERATORS

Abstract A pickup loop suitably mounted inside the terminal drift tube of an electron linear accelerator receives an induced voltage pulse for each passage of an electron bunch without intercepting the beam. The resulting signal is detected in an external electrical network which may be arranged to present at its output terminals a voltage proportional to either the average pulse current or its integral over the pulse interval. Signal rise-time for current pulse operation is less than 0.4 μsec and typical sensitivity is 4.5 V/A. The monitor output is essentially electron energy independent although other related accelerator beam parameters affect the response slightly.
Herbicide dose and incorporation depth in combination with 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin for Cyperus rotundus control in tomato and pepper

Abstract Field trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of various herbicides in combination with 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin (C-17) on Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) control and their effect on tomato and pepper yields, and to determine the appropriate herbicide application depth in the soil for purple nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched tomato and pepper fields. The various chemical treatments were incorporated into the soil. High doses and deep incorporation of napropamide and metolachlor provided the best weed control. Tomato data revealed that although C-17 reduced purple nutsedge density, the fumigant alone was insufficient to avoid tomato yield losses. Therefore, adding an herbicide to enhance purple nutsedge control is necessary. In pepper, yield improved as purple nutsedge density declined with the application of C-17 alone, indicating that for the purple nutsedge density present, C-17 alone could effectively reduce pepper yield losses.
Time Resolved X-Ray Spectrometry For Laser Fusion Studies

AbstractStudy of the spectrally and temporally resolved emission of x -rays from laser -irradiated targets can provide information on the absorption of laser energy and itstransport in the target, and on the general hydrodynamics of imploding target shells. In this paper we describe the 14 channel streak spectrometer in use at the Laboratory forLaser Energetics, University of Rochester and relate its use in investigating laser- matter interaction at a =0.35 pm and 1.054 }im.In addition to a description of the 14 channel, CsI -Au bifurcated photocathode device,we describe its novel use in providing an absolute laser (X =0.35 pm) fiducial from lightscattered specularly from planar targets; its use in symmetrically imploded targets (a =1.054 pm); its use in investigations of thermal transport; and a novel use of thedifferentially comparing densitometer to remove film characteristics.IntroductionIn laser -produced plasmas, combined plasma temperatures and densities sufficient toproduce copious x -rays in the 1 -10 keV energy range exist only for a brief time during andshortly after an irradiating laser pulse. For this reason, x -ray emission can reflect thephenomena of absorption and transport of energy within the target being irradiated, andcan indicate gross characteristics of the hydrodynamics of imploding target shells.Spectral and temporal resolution of the x -ray emission can, therefore, aid in studies oflaser- matter interaction of interest to laser- fusion.l Here we relate details of the 14channel K -edge filter streak spectrometer in use at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics,University of Rochester, and outline experiments conducted with high intensity
Form Follows Function: Advances in Trilayered Structure Replication for Aortic Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering the aortic heart valve is a challenging endeavor because of the particular hemodynamic and biologic conditions present in the native aortic heart valve. The backbone of an ideal valve substitute should be a scaffold that is strong enough to withstand billions of repetitive bending, flexing and stretching cycles, while also being slowly degradable to allow for remodeling. In this review, we highlight three overlooked aspects that might influence the long term durability of tissue engineered valves: (i) replication of the native valve trilayered histoarchitecture, (ii) duplication of the three-dimensional shape of the valve, (iii) and cell integration efforts focused on getting the right number and type of cells to the right place within the valve structure and driving them towards homeostatic maintenance of the valve matrix. We propose that the trilayered structure in the native aortic valve that includes a middle spongiosa layer cushioning the motions of the two external fibrous layers should be our template for creation of novel scaffolds with improved mechanical durability. Furthermore, since cells adapt to micro-loads within the valve structure, we believe that interstitial cell remodeling of the valvular matrix will depend on the accurate replication of the structures and loads, resulting in successful regeneration of the valve tissue and extended durability.
Epidemiology of device-associated infections related to a long-term implantable vascular access device.

Objective To examine risk factors for, and determine the incidence of, device-associated infections among patients with an implantable vascular access device. Setting Grady Health System, including a 1,000-bed, inner-city, public, teaching hospital and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), oncology, and sickle cell clinics in Atlanta, Georgia. Patients 123 consecutive patients who received a PAS-Port implantable venous access device between January 1 and June 30, 1995. Design Retrospective cohort study with follow-up > or = 1 year following device implantation. Results Underlying illnesses included HIV infection in 66 patients (median CD4 count, 24.4 cells/mm3), malignancy in 51, and sickle cell disease in 6. Mean age of patients was 43.7 years, 50% were male, and 74% were black. Thirty-one (25%) of 123 patients developed a primary or device-associated bloodstream infection (BSI), and 3 of the 31 patients experienced two separate episodes of infection. The overall rate of infection was 1.23 primary BSIs per 1,000 device days. Patients with cancer had a lower rate of infection than those with HIV infection, but the difference was not statistically significant (0.96 vs 1.50 BSIs/1,000 device days; relative risk, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-1.26). Subgroup analysis of patients with different malignancies indicated that infection rates differed according to type of cancer, and there was a trend for heterogeneity across the different cancer strata (P=.06). Gram-positive pathogens accounted for 60% of the pathogens recovered. Six (19%) of 31 patients who developed an infection did so within the first 14 days after implantation. In 11 (32%) of the 34 BSIs, the port required removal; two patient deaths were attributed to device-associated bacteremias (0.072 deaths/1,000 device days). Conclusions Approximately one fourth of patients who had a vascular access device implanted developed a primary BSI, but the overall infection rate (per 1,000 device days) was relatively low, even among those with HIV infection. Primary BSI rates in patients with vascular access devices appeared to differ according to the specific underlying illness.
Random Walk Method for Potential Problems

A local Random Walk Method (RWM) for potential problems governed by Lapalace's and Paragon's equations is developed for two- and three-dimensional problems. The RWM is implemented and demonstrated in a multiprocessor parallel environment on a Beowulf cluster of computers. A speed gain of 16 is achieved as the number of processors is increased from 1 to 23.
Acute elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility: normalization by the alpha7 positive modulator galantamine

Rationale Cognitive deficits represent a core symptom cluster in schizophrenia (SZ) that is predictive of outcome but not effectively treated by current antipsychotics. Thus, there is a need for validated animal models for testing potential pro-cognitive drugs.
Modulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and p27 expression in a porcine coronary angioplasty model.

Abstract Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is a prominent feature of intimal hyperplasia after percutaneous coronary interventions. p27 is a critical regulator of cell proliferation. Our aims were to analyze the time course of p27 expression, Ki67 proliferative index, and apoptosis after angioplasty in the porcine coronary artery. We also investigated the effects of rapamycin — an antiproliferative drug — on these events. The expression of p27 and Ki67, and apoptosis were determined in porcine coronary arteries harvested at timed intervals from 1 h to 28 days after angioplasty. A gradual increase in p27 expression was observed from 7 to 28 days. Ki67 expression peaked by 7–14 days after angioplasty. By 21–28 days, Ki67 expression decreased, while p27 reached maximal levels. An early apoptotic response was found by 6 h, followed by a gradual return to baseline. Rapamycin induced a reduction in Ki67 proliferative index (2±0.5%) and an increase in apoptosis (7±1%) versus untreated animals at the 28-day time point (5±1 and 1±0.5%, respectively; P
Formation of ultrathin polystyrene films using a two-step deposition/ polymerization process

Thin polystyrene films were formed on polycrystalline platinum by styrene deposition followed by UV-initiated polymerization under cryogenic, ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments showed that styrene chemisorbs weakly on the Pt surface. In the temperature region of 115-145 K, the adsorbed styrene films undergo a crystallization process that can be described by the Avrami equation. The polymerization rate increased with incident UV intensity, as expected, but was found to decrease with increasing temperature, most likely the result of competition between crystallization and polymerization. Ex-situ analysis of the resulting polystyrene films showed that high molecular weight polymer is formed. Finally, it is shown that the thickness can be reproducibly controlled by controlling the initial monomer dosage.
Use of the Impact on Family Scale in children with tic disorders: Descriptive data, validity, and tic severity impact

ABSTRACT Individuals with tic disorders are at risk for experiencing functional impairment in a variety of domains. However, the impact of tic disorders on family functioning remains unclear partly because psychometrically sound assessment instruments with normative data from a tic disorder population do not exist. The current study provides preliminary normative, descriptive, and internal consistency data for the Impact on Family Scale (IFS): an instrument designed to measure the impact of children's chronic illness on family functioning. Parents of 45 children diagnosed with a tic disorder completed the IFS. The relationship between IFS scores, tic severity, and measures of comorbid symptomology was also investigated. Significant correlations were found between the IFS Total score and measures of ADHD symptomology, tic severity, depressive symptoms, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Regression analyses show that tic severity did not significantly predict family impact after accounting for va...
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND KINETIC STUDIES OF THE RECONSTITUTED SUCCINATE OXIDASE SYSTEM.

Summary Some spectral and kinetic properties of the reconstituted succinate oxidase system of Keilin and King have been studied. 1. With the reconstituted enzyme system the total rate of succinate oxidation was not affected by dilution. 2. The distinct absorption peaks that appeared at 603, 562, 552 and 442 m μ , are essentially the same as those observed for the untreated heart-muscle preparation except for a slight shift of the α -peak of cytochrome a from 604 to 603 m μ . 3. A partial inactivation and/or destruction of the cytochromes may have occurred during the alkali treatment of heart-muscle preparation as indicated by the decrease in the extent of enzymic reduction by succinate as well as their low turnover number. 4. The velocity constants for the sequential reactions of succinate oxidase have been calculated. The magnitudes of these constants are quite similar to those obtained for the untreated heart-muscle preparation. 5. Kinetic evidence indicates that the soluble fraction derived from the alkali treatment of the heart-muscle preparation has a competitive inhibitory effect in relation to the active soluble succinate dehydrogenase (succinate:(acceptor) oxido-reductase, EC 1.3.99.1) on the reduction of cytochrome b by succinate. 6. The molecular relationship between succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome b as well as the participation of cross-linked respiratory chain assemblies during succinate oxidation are discussed.
Elizabeth Bishop's poetics of intimacy

Acknowledgements Note on the text Introduction 1. Articulating a personal poetics 2. Writing intimacy 3. Turning history under 4. Gathering in a childhood 5. Confronting Brazil 6. Closing together Notes Bibliography Index.
A Comparison of Shaped Piezoelectric Actuators for Divergence Control

The characteristics and effectiveness of shaped piezo-actuators for use in controlling the divergence of a simplified forward swept wing model are analytically investigated. The forward swept wing is modeled as a simplified cantilever beam with surface mounted piezo-actuators on the upper surface of the beam. A constant electric field is applied to the actuator inducing a constant external force on the wing, and the effects of actuator location, size, thickness, and shape are evaluated using the principle of virtual work by maximizing the modal amplitude of the first bending mode. For control purposes, strain at the wing root is used as an error signal to minimize the beam deflection. Results suggest that the optimum actuator size should span the entire wing. The required actuator thickness for divergence control decreases with increasing airspeed due to the effectiveness softening of the wing in the presence of air loads. A uniform rectangular actuator is more effective for controlling divergence; howeve...
Impact of collecting-system repair during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Purpose: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is a complex procedure frequently reserved for small, peripherally located renal tumors. Deep, infiltrating lesions often necessitate collecting system repair (CSR), mandating further intracorporeal suturing and reconstruction. We compared our experience with LPN where CSR was and was not required after tumor resection. Patients and Methods: Between October 2002 and December 2005, 84 patients underwent LPN. Tumor excision with pelvicaliceal system injury occurred in 52 patients, whereas 32 patients required no CSR. Perioperative and pathologic data were compared in the two groups. Results: Tumors with CSR were larger (mean 2.9 cm v 2.1 cm for non-CSR procedures; P = 0.001) and had larger pathologic specimen weights (mean 58.2 g v 21.8 g; P = 0.05). Blood loss (mean 210 mL) and hospital stay (mean 2.7 days) were similar in the two groups. Warm ischemia time (WIT) (mean 36.6 v 27.7 minutes; P < 0.001) and operative time (mean 238 v 207 minutes; P = 0.03) were ...
In vitro studies on the characterization of cellular proliferation following neuronal injury in the adult rat brain

Abstract While brain injury elicits local cellular proliferation, it is not known whether cells not originating in brain substantially participate in the response. We assessed the time course and phenotype of dividing cells following neuronal damage initiated by microinjection of the neurotoxin ibotenic acid into one caudate nucleus (CN) in adult rat. Proliferation was determined in an in vitro assay measuring incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cellular DNA in cultures of lesioned and uninjected CN. Cellular phenotypes were determined immunocytochemically. Our results show that the proliferative response to brain injury has a rapid onset, peaks within 2 weeks and persists. The majority of proliferating cells that respond to selective neuronal injury are not intrinsic to the central nervous system, but rather are of hematic origin, involving monocytes, macrophages and T-helper lymphocytes.
Application of the simultaneous match-network optimization approach to the pseudo-pinch problem

Abstract A main assumption of many heat exchanger network design techniques has been to require no heat flow across the pinch point. This assumption decomposes the original network synthesis problem into two subnetwork problems that can be solved independently. A disadvantage of this type of approach is that the resulting networks may contain more than the minimum number of units, which may increase the investment cost. The pseudo-pinch problem in heat exchanger network design relaxes the assumption of no heat flow across the pinch point. This short note proposes using three temperature approaches to formulate this problem. The HRAT, or heat recovery approach temperature, is used to calculate the utility levels. The TIAT, or temperature interval approach temperature, is used in partitioning the temperature range, and the minimum temperature approach Δ T min , provides a lower bound on temperature differences in heat exchangers. This short note illustrates how the TIAT controls the amount of cross pinch heat flow, and demonstrates how the pseudo-pinch problem can be solved with the simultaneous match network optimization model of Floudas and Ciric ( Computers chem. Engng 13 , 1133-1152, 1989). The technique is illustrated with three examples.
Perinatal Death: Grief Support for Families

:Adequate support for parents whose baby dies requires close listening to the parents themselves, and familiarity with other successful programs of helping parents with grief. Interviews with 24 parents who lost their babies revealed what they found to be supportive or damaging behavior on the part of caregivers. Parents wanted doctors and nurses to acknowledge their feelings of shock, guilt, and grief, to recognize the importance of parents’ memories of the birth and the baby, and to help parents sharpen the reality of the death. Parents’ and hospital staff views of several types of grief support through the postpartum period, during and after hospital discharge, and throughout a subsequent pregnancy and birth, are discussed. (BIRTH 10:1, Spring 1983)
Principal Component Analysis of Cerebellar Shape on MRI Separates SCA Types 2 and 6 into Two Archetypal Modes of Degeneration

Although “cerebellar ataxia” is often used in reference to a disease process, presumably there are different underlying pathogenetic mechanisms for different subtypes. Indeed, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 2 and 6 demonstrate complementary phenotypes, thus predicting a different anatomic pattern of degeneration. Here, we show that an unsupervised classification method, based on principal component analysis (PCA) of cerebellar shape characteristics, can be used to separate SCA2 and SCA6 into two classes, which may represent disease-specific archetypes. Patients with SCA2 (n = 11) and SCA6 (n = 7) were compared against controls (n = 15) using PCA to classify cerebellar anatomic shape characteristics. Within the first three principal components, SCA2 and SCA6 differed from controls and from each other. In a secondary analysis, we studied five additional subjects and found that these patients were consistent with the previously defined archetypal clusters of clinical and anatomical characteristics. Secondary analysis of five subjects with related diagnoses showed that disease groups that were clinically and pathophysiologically similar also shared similar anatomic characteristics. Specifically, Archetype #1 consisted of SCA3 (n = 1) and SCA2, suggesting that cerebellar syndromes accompanied by atrophy of the pons may be associated with a characteristic pattern of cerebellar neurodegeneration. In comparison, Archetype #2 was comprised of disease groups with pure cerebellar atrophy (episodic ataxia type 2 (n = 1), idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxias (n = 3), and SCA6). This suggests that cerebellar shape analysis could aid in discriminating between different pathologies. Our findings further suggest that magnetic resonance imaging is a promising imaging biomarker that could aid in the diagnosis and therapeutic management in patients with cerebellar syndromes.
Therapeutic activity of pretazettine, a narcissus alkaloid on Rauscher leukemia: comparison with tazettine and streptonigrin.

SummaryThe therapeutic activity of narcissus alkaloid pretazettine HCl (PTZ) on established Rauscher leukemia has been demonstrated and compared with the isomer tazettine (TZ) and an antibiotc, streptonigrin (SN). PTZ and SN showed remarkable prolongation effect on the life span of the leukemic mice and the antiviral activity has been confirmed in mouse 3T3 cells infected with Rauscher virus. TZ showed no significant activity in the leukemic mice and was inhibitory to the virus growth in the cells at much higher doses than PTZ. It is suggested that the stereochemical rearrangement from PTZ to TZ inactivates the biological activity of PTZ.We thank Dr. M. A. Chirigos of NIH for supplying streptonigrin; Dr. S. A. Aaronson of NIH for supplying mouse 3T3 cells; and Dr. A. Hackett of Naval Biomed. Res. Lab., Calif., for supplying XC cells.
The nuclear pore and plant development

All macromolecules that traffic between the nucleus and the cytoplasm traverse the nuclear pore. While yeast and mammalian nuclear pore structure and function have recently been substantially refined, our understanding of the plant nuclear pore is still far from comprehensive. Nevertheless, a number of nuclear pore and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking components have recently been identified as required for diverse developmental and signaling pathways. In addition, some aspects of the nuclear pore composition itself now appear under developmental control and nuclear pore components have recently surfaced as novel players in plant cytokinesis. Here, we review these new findings in context and attempt to correlate molecular functions with developmental processes.
Offshore Production Operations

Revue des differents types de plates formes de production, des completions de puits, des systemes de manutention de la production, de l'organisation des operations et de la logistique pour la production de petrole en mer
Jealousy induction: Which tactics are perceived as most effective?

The current research was conducted to determine which of type of jealousy induction tactics are considered most effective. One hundred eighteen participants responded to a questionnaire that included jealousy induction tactics, demographic questions, and social desirability measures. Based on prior evolutionary theory based research on love acts indicating the importance of emotional commitment for relationships, and evolutionary theory based jealousy induction research showing that emotional tactics are used most often to induce jealousy, it was hypothesized that jealousy induction tactics related to emotional commitment would be rated as most effective for making a partner jealous. The results were consistent with the hypothesis. Jealousy induction tactics involving relational distancing were rated as most effective. The findings are discussed in terms of prior research on love acts, and jealousy induction.
A revolving X-Y plotter for studying the perception of rotational motions

A new apparatus for studying the visual perception of rotational motion is presented. The revolving X-Y plotter allows the observer to directly affect changes in the motion parameters of a revolving stimulus as it is being viewed. The advantages afforded by this apparatus over previously used response measures is discussed followed by a description of its design and utilization. The primary value of the apparatus is that it makes possible a precise response measure of the perceived center of any rotating stimulus.
A treatment model for anxiety-related sexual dysfunctions using mindfulness meditation within a sex-positive framework

In this article, we propose a clinical model for treating anxiety-related sexual dysfunctions that hinges on the use of mindfulness meditation practices. First, theoretical and empirical evidence for anxiety as either a cause or condition of several different sexual dysfunctions is provided. Next, the concept of mindfulness and the research that supports the use of mindfulness meditation practices in addressing anxiety are explained. The inherent link between mindfulness and sex-positivity is also addressed while acknowledging the need to emphasize both mindfulness and sex-positivity in therapy. The proposed model for the treatment of anxiety-related sexual dysfunctions using mindfulness practices within a sex-positive framework is outlined. It utilizes mindfulness-based practices such as body scan meditation and sitting meditation as well as several preexisting sex therapy interventions, including directed masturbation and sensate focus assignments. A case study is provided as an example of the progressi...
Differences that make a difference: comparisons of metacomponential functioning and knowledge base among groups of high and low IQ learning disabled, mildly mentally retarded, and normally achieving adults.

To determine if cognition among persons with learning disabilities (LD) and mild mental retardation (MMR) is similar, we compared metacomponential functioning and knowledge acquisition across groups of incarcerated adults with LD and high IQ (HIQLD), with LD and low IQ (LIQLD), with normal achievement (NA), and with MMR. The Slosson Intelligence Test Computer Report (Nicholson, 1984) formula established criteria for group inclusion. Metacomponential functioning among 77 males and 26 females was measured by a confidence test (Echternacht, Boldt, & Sellman, 1971) designed for the general knowledge subtest of the SRA Achievement Battery (Naslund, Thorpe, & Lefever, 1982). Knowledge base and group membership were significantly related to metacomponential ability (R2 = .84). Persons with HIQLD and LIQLD performed better than those with MMR on both measures. The HIQLD, however, did not outperform their peers with NA. Results show that (a) knowledge base is the best predictor of metacomponential skill, (b) metac...
Spectra of aqueous copper (II) solutions—II. Solutions in chloride, bromide and acetate media

Abstract Spectra of aqueous copper (II) solutions in chloride and bromide media indicate that at low halide concentrations, mixed aquo-halide complexes exist with aquo-oxygen being closer to the metal atom than halide ions. At higher halide levels, trigonal bipyramidal CuCl53− and flattened tetrahedral CuBr42− probably exist. In aqueous 4 molar sodium acetate, acetate ion appears to be the principal ligand of a monomeric complex. In anhydrous acetic acid solution copper(II) acetate is dimeric. In mixed acetic acid-water solutions, the dimer is less stable with increasing water concentrations.
Architectures and integrated circuits for real time vector quantization of images

An architecture for implementing pruned tree search vector quantization (VQ) which has a performance close to the optimal rate distortion bound is presented. A layout design is also presented to verify the feasibility of such an implementation. The chip has been designed as a slave processor which can implement binary, non-binary and pruned tree search VQ algorithms which allow near optimal performance in a mean square error sense while still permitting real time VQ codevectors and external control signals that direct the search. The chip outputs the index of the codevector that best approximates the input in a mean square error sense. The input source and codevectors have a wordlength of 8 bits each. An internal wordlength of 24 bits allows a maximum of 256 pixels per vector. The layout has been generated using a 1.2- mu library and is 5.76 mm*6.6 mm. Critical path simulation with SPICE indicates a maximum clock rate of 40 MHz. >
Progranulin plasma levels in the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia

Not so long ago many neurologists were trained to believe that Pick's disease was rare and usually impossible to differentiate accurately from Alzheimer's disease. Through the persistent efforts of several research groups, especially in Lund (Sweden) and Manchester (UK), it became clear that this ‘disease’ is not rare and can frequently be distinguished from Alzheimer's disease (Brun et al. , 1994). Now, this entity is better described as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration based on the frequent occurrence of lobar atrophy involving frontal and/or temporal lobes (Snowden et al. , 1996). And rather than constituting a single disease, FTD represents a group of overlapping disorders having different pathogenic mechanisms, some, but not all, of which have been identified. There are several different ways to subdivide the various types of FTD. One is to use clinical manifestations such as the behavioural or language variants (such as semantic dementia and many cases of primary progressive aphasia) and FTD associated with motor neuron disease. The second type of subdivision is made on the basis of neuropathological features. This …
Experimental rodent models of brainstem tumors.

Despite recent advances in surgical technology, resection is not an option for many brainstem tumors. Experimental models have played essential roles in examining new approaches to therapy. The objective of the present study was to generate models by determining coordinates for safe inoculation into the brainstem of mice and rats, and to establish whether the implantation of heterotopic cells would create reproducible survival curves. Morbidity and survival studies were used to map stereotactic coordinates allowing successful inoculation of tumor cells. Survival studies were used to investigate the time course of tumor growth. Tumor location was examined by light microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Mice survived injections of 2 L of saline at interaural, lateral, and depth coordinates of 2.5, 1.0, and 3.5 mm and 1.5, 1.0, and 3.5 mm. Rats survived injections at interaural, lateral, and depth coordinates of 2.0, 2.0, and 7.0 mm and 3.0, 0, and 7.0 mm. Median survival of mice challenged with 5 10 5 EMT6 and 10 4 B16 tumor cells was 11 and 10 days, respectively. Median survival for rats challenged with 10 4 9L and F98 cells was 14 and 13 days, respec- tively. The present study demonstrates a feasible approach to preparing models of brainstem tumors. Limitations of these models are discussed.
Resistance to Hunting in Pre-independence India: Religious environmentalism, ecological nationalism or cultural conservation?*

This article presents new evidence with which to evaluate the validity of the popular picture of religious environmentalism in India. It examines accounts of a large number of incidents described in Indian language newspapers, the colonial archive, and hunting literature published between the 1870s and 1940s, in which British and other sportsmen clashed with villagers in India while out hunting. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the colonial sports-hunting obsession was in its heyday, but opposition to hunting across India was also mounting. Rural villagers, in particular, were often willing to become involved in physical combat with hunters, apparently in order to protect local wildlife. Sportsmen often assumed that it was religious fanaticism that made Hindus defend the lives of what they saw as game animals, trophies, and specimens. The article provides evidence that, in addition to religion, a mixture of other motivations explains Hindu interest in the conservation of certain species. Anti-colonial consciousness, assertions of local authority and territoriality, and an environmental ethic can all be identified as being at work. The end result was the increased conservation of certain species of wildlife.
Bedside echocardiographic assessment for trauma/critical care: the BEAT exam.

F ecent evidence suggests that pulmonary artery catheter PAC)-guided resuscitation may not improve outcomes in ritically ill patients, creating heightened interest in minially invasive or noninvasive methods of cardiac monitorng. Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive ay to evaluate both volume status and cardiac function. raditionally, this has been performed solely by cardioloists with extensive training in advanced techniques of ransthoracic echocardiography. But a growing body of evdence suggests that noncardiologist intensivists can effecively learn and apply the skills of focused, goal-directed ransthoracic echocardiography in the intensive care seting. Several curricula have been developed and evaluted, each consisting of 8 to 10 hours of both didactic and roctored hands-on training. Instruction focuses on image cquisition, normal and pathologic features of cardiac anatmy and function, and estimation of specific hemody-
Using the series-parallel resonant converter in capacitor charging applications

For applications in pulse power systems, energy storage capacitors must be charged repeatedly to significant DC voltage levels (greater than 1 kV). Resonant converter topologies can be used for this purpose, and they consist of three main types: series loaded, parallel loaded, and series-parallel loaded. A circuit has been built that incorporates the third type, the concept of splitting the resonant circuit capacitance into a series component and a parallel component. The operation, control, and design of the series-parallel or hybrid resonant converter in capacitor charging applications are presented. >
Flexural Behavior of Nonposttensioned and Posttensioned Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubes

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFTs) have recently been used for columns and bridge piers, especially in seismic regions, for their enhanced strength and ductility over the conventional steel and concrete construction. This enhancement is due to the composite actions of the concrete infill and the steel tube: The concrete compressive strength is significantly increased by the lateral confinement provided by the steel; and local buckling of the steel tube is delayed by the concrete infill. Similar enhancement has also been observed in flexural strength of CFT. A novel concept of posttensioning the concrete core inside circular steel tubes to further enhance the synergistic interactions has been developed, and numerical analyses have shown significant increase in their flexural strength over nonprestressed CFT. A numerical algorithm has been developed for predicting the moment capacities of circular CFT. The increased concrete strength and ductility due to confinement were taken into account. The analytical predictions compared well with flexural test data. The validated algorithm was further developed to include the posttensioning effects. Numerical results suggest that moment capacity of a CFT can be significantly increased by prestressing the concrete core with only moderate posttensioning forces.
Hemiazygous coil placement for high-defibrillation thresholds in a patient with a right-sided implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

A 41-year-old man underwent implantation of a right-sided implantable cardioverter defibrillator after removal of an infected left-sided system. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing on the right-sided system failed to convert ventricular fibrillation at maximum device output (35 J) compared with a DFT of less than 15 J on the previous left-sided system. A single-coil lead was selectively placed into the hemiazygous vein, which courses leftward of the spine in a posterior-anterior projection, resulting in an improved shocking vector and reduction in DFTs to less than 25 J. (PACE 2012; 35:e10–e12)
Testing Modern Trademark Law's Theory of Harm

Modern scholarship takes a decidedly negative view of trademark law. Commentators rail against doctrinal innovations like dilution and initial interest confusion. They clamor for clearer and broader defenses. And they plead for greater First Amendment scrutiny of various applications of trademark law. But beneath all of this criticism lies overwhelming agreement that consumer confusion is harmful. This easy acceptance of the harmfulness of confusion is a problem because it operates at too high a level of generality, ignoring important differences between types of relationships about which consumers might be confused. Failure to differentiate between these different relationships has enabled trademark owners to push the boundaries of trademark protection, as they have been able to characterize virtually every use of their marks in consumer confusion terms. This Article begins the process of distinguishing types of confusion by focusing on the supposed harms to producers from confusion regarding the source of non-competing goods. More specifically, this Article evaluates the assumptions underlying arguments in favor of protection against non-competing uses in light of the growing marketing literature regarding brand extensions and brand alliances. It demonstrates that non-competitive uses of a mark are unlikely to impact negatively the mark owner’s reputation for quality. Consumers, it turns out, are quite adept at compartmentalizing their quality expectations. At the same time, the literature provides some empirical support for the claim that third-party uses of a mark may interfere with a mark owner’s ability to expand into new product lines in the future.
The SHI-3 Iron Transport Island of Shigella boydii 0-1392 Carries the Genes for Aerobactin Synthesis and Transport

In Shigella boydii 0-1392, genes encoding the synthesis and transport of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin are located within a 21-kb iron transport island between lysU and the pheU tRNA gene. DNA sequence analysis of the S. boydii 0-1392 island, designated SHI-3 for Shigella island 3, revealed a conserved aerobactin operon associated with a P4 prophage-like integrase gene and numerous insertion sequences (IS). SHI-3 is present at the pheU tRNA locus in some S. boydii isolates but not in others. The map locations of the aerobactin genes vary among closely related species. The association of the aerobactin operon with phage genes and mobile elements and its presence at different locations within the genomes of enteric pathogens suggest that these virulence-enhancing genes may have been acquired by bacteriophage integration or IS element-mediated transposition. An S. boydii aerobactin synthesis mutant, 0-1392 iucB, was constructed and was similar to the wild type in tissue culture assays of invasion and intercellular spread.