cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Math, Science, and Foreign Language: Evidence‐Based Accommodation Decision Making at the Postsecondary Level

Accommodations in postsecondary settings have become commonplace for many students with learning disabilities (LD) who have documented needs. Many of the accommodations professionals recommend for students with LD are based on an analysis of the course demands, the student's functional limitations, and a basic understanding of how the accommodation can facilitate the demonstration or acquisition of knowledge. However, little is known about which accommodations are recommended for math, science, and foreign language courses as well as the effectiveness of those accommodations. Because these content areas pose substantial hurdles for secondary students with LD who may transition to postsecondary settings, a review of the literature was conducted to evaluate current practices in the provision of accommodations to postsecondary students with LD in math, science, and foreign language courses. Findings indicate strong empirical evidence for extended test time for algebra exams and emerging research in changes to foreign language instruction. Recommendations for further research are provided.
HIV testing practices among New England college health centers.

Background The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to increase among certain populations including young men who have sex with men (MSM). College campuses represent a potential setting to engage young adults and institute prevention interventions including HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate testing practices for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on college campuses.
Production of nitric oxide by differentiated LSTRA cells is associated with expression of macrophage‐inducible nitric oxide synthase

LSTRA is a mouse lymphoma cell line overex- pressing the sit-related oncogene product and T cell marker p56lck We have discovered that LSTRA cells, like HL6O and U937 promyelocytic leukemia cells, can be induced to differentiate toward macrophages by the phor- bol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or granulocytes by the cyclic nucleotide analogue dibutyryl CAMP (dbcAMP). One property of mature macrophages and granulocytes is the ability to produce nitric oxide, a highly reactive free radical that is important in non- specific host defense. Nitric oxide production by mature macrophages is stimulated by inflammatory mediators via an inducible form of the enzyme, nitric oxide syn- thase. We report that LSTRA cells acquire the ability to produce nitric oxide following differentiation induced by TPA and, to a lesser extent, by dbcAMP. Nitric oxide pro- duction by the cells is dependent on L-arginine and blocked by several inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, in- cluding N-monomethyl-L-arginine, L-canavanine, L- arginine benzyl ester, and L-arginine methyl ester. In macrophage-differentiated LSTRA cells, the inflamma- tory cytokine interferon-y was found to be a potent in- ducer of nitric oxide production. This was correlated with a marked increase in nitric oxide synthase activity in the cells that was due to interferon-y-induced expres- sion of the macrophage-inducible form of nitric oxide synthase protein as well as mRNA. Differentiated LSTRA cells also expressed increased amounts of a constitutive form of nitric oxide synthase that was also present in undifferentiated cells. Taken together with previous findings, these results support the model that LSTRA cells have the capacity to differentiate toward mature macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 488-494; 1994.
Incidental Finding of Inferior Vena Cava Atresia Presenting with Deep Venous Thrombosis following Physical Exertion

Inferior vena cava atresia (IVCA) is a rare but well described vascular anomaly. It is a rare risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT), found in approximately 5% of cases of unprovoked lower extremity (LE) DVT in patients <30 years of age. Affected population is in the early thirties, predominantly male, often with a history of major physical exertion and presents with extensive or bilateral DVTs. Patients with IVC anomalies usually develop compensatory circulation through the collateral veins with enlarged azygous/hemizygous veins. Despite the compensatory circulation, the venous drainage of the lower limbs is often insufficient leading to venous stasis and thrombosis. We describe a case of extensive and bilateral deep venous thrombosis following physical exertion in a thirty-six-year-old male patient with incidental finding of IVCA on imaging.
Expediting Death: Repressive Tolerance and Post-Conviction Due Process Jurisprudence in Capital Cases

The legitimacy of capital punishment has long been intertwined with the integrity of the procedures for its imposition including opportunities for review on appeal and in collateral hearings. Proposed legislation would dramatically abbreviate the habeas process in capital cases. The proposed bills which would accelerate the imposition of death sentences are matched by an increased willingness by courts to employ summary proceedings to expedite habeas procedures. This acceleration in the imposition of death sentences is part of the larger picture in which capital cases receive different and less favorable constitutional treatment than other criminal or civil cases. This article draws upon Herbert Marcuse's theories to suggest that capital punishment is founded on repressive legal doctrines and has been made tolerable to the American public by the judicial and media crafting of perceptions. The current system of execution exists only because the courts and the public are willing to tolerate conviction-prone juries, certain levels of geographic and racial arbitrariness in the imposition of the penalty, and a measure of pain in its infliction. The modest amount of post-conviction procedural protection afforded to the condemned has also been accepted with little question. A common perception is that death row inmates delay their executions by quibbling about procedural niceties and other errors - that they are accorded too much justice before they are killed, rather than not enough. The focus of this article is on the rules and procedures that have been created in capital cases to expedite death. It suggests that the rules and methods of expedition - ranging from state statutes and federal court rules to ad hoc judicial decisions that order accelerated briefing - are far from simple procedural adjustments. Collapsing the time for adjudication of capital habeas cases has a powerful impact. Death row inmates, who have no right to counsel, who are generally uneducated, and who must psychologically prepare to die, are forced to comprehend several supremely complex areas of law, all within an accelerated time frame. While the article submits that the only sensible solution to the defects of the capital conviction, sentencing and post-conviction process is abolition of the death penalty, it recognizes that this remedy is currently unreachable. Alternatively, the article suggests procedural due process challenges to expedited procedures in capital cases which may assist death row inmates and their counsel in playing for time when they are playing for keeps.
Possessor raising through thematic positions

This chapter focuses on control into nominal domains. I analyze the consequences of loss of nominal agreement morphology for the case-licensing of null possessive pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese, arguing that its null inalienable possessors result from possessor raising to thematic positions (and onward to case positions). The evidence for this analysis is following: (a) unlike null possessors in fully pro-drop languages, these null possessors pattern like anaphors, requiring a local syntactic antecedent; (b) they pass all the diagnostics used to characterize obligatory control as movement; (c) they cannot occur within movement islands, such as specific DPs and relative clauses, and (d) within coordinated DPs, they must occur in a across-the-board fashion. These generalizations receive a natural account if anaphoric null possessors are the result of movement to a thematic position, as suggested by the movement theory of control.
Federal Privacy Protections: Ethical Foundations, Sources of Confusion in Clinical Medicine, and Controversies in Biomedical Research.

Amendments to the Common Rule and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) raise questions about broad consent and sale of health data.
A STUDY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT WITH ALLERGIC DISEASE

A evaluation of the stature and body weight was done on 272 infant with allergic diseases.1. A height SD score lowered as the severity on atopic dermatitis advanced.2. When classified by the condition of atopic dermatitis, a height SD score tended to be low with cases of advanced age, cases without elimination diet, and cases whose reaction to the cow's milk IgE RAST proved positive.3. No specific relations were noticed between the condition of bronchial asthma and the height SD score of body weight.As described above, a height SD score significantly lowered as the condition of atopic dermatitis advanced. This is considered to have been caused by an absorption disoder, stress due to ich, a sleep disorder, and the effect of external steroid preperations. So in cases of severe atopic dermatitis, it is considered to be necessary to pay paticular regard to the possibility of stature development retardation and to give coordinated treatment such as a combination on provision of good surroundings, good care of the skin, use of antiallergics and so forth, in addition to proper distractions for meal, use of topical steroid preparations.
The Fate of Health Care Reform — What to Expect in 2012

The fate of the Affordable Care Act depends on the outcome of four events in 2012: state legislative sessions, the Supreme Court ruling on the law's constitutionality, the application deadline for grants for establishing health insurance exchanges, and the elections.
Heat Transfer Analysis of the Plasma Sintering Process

In the process of r.f. plasma sintering of Al2O3 at reduced pressure, a number of puzzling observations have been reported. They include higher heating rates and higher maximum temperature of a sample at increased propagation velocities of the sample through the plasma and a sudden temperature drop of approximately 700°C if the sample motion in the plasma is stopped. An analysis of the sintering process indicates that the change of the surface area and of the catalytic properties of the sample surface during sintering seem to be responsible for these observations. The change from an initially negatively charged co an essentially non-charged surface causes a drastic decrease of the heat transfer from the plasma to the sample. A simulation of the plasma sintering process based on a r.f. argon plasma provides a semi-quantitative explanation of all the observed phenomena.
Study on mRNA expressions of apoptosis genes in thymus gland of guinea pigs after treatment with trichloroethylene

Objective To study mRNA expressions of apoptosis genes BAX、BAD、Bcl-2 in thymus gland of guinea pigs after treatment with trichloroethylene(TCE).Methods Guinea pig maximization test(GPMT) was applied in this study,guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups,namely negative control,positive control and TCE treatment.Animals of 3 groups were administrated with olive oil,2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB),and TCE,respectively,by intradermal injection.The thymus glands were taken out after various treatment,mRNA expressions of apoptosis genes BAX、BAD、Bcl-2 in thymus gland of guinea pigs were detected by real-time fluorescent PCR assay.Results Obvious skin impairment was observed in the groups of positive control and TCE treatment,the skin impairment included erythema and edema.The levels of BAX and BAD mRNA expression increased by 158% and 136% in TCE treatment group when compared with control,BAX and BAD mRNA expression levels in group of positive control increased by 86% and 150% when compared with negative control.However,the level of Bcl-2 mRNA expression did not elevate significantly when compared with negative control.Conclusion Trichloroethylene could induce skin allergic reaction in guinea pigs,it also brought about obvious increase in mRNA expression of apoptosis genes BAX、BAD in thymus gland.
Patient Survival In Cadaveric Renal Transplantation: Report From A Small Center

Abstract Recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants before 1975 had a 1-year mortality rate (30 per cent) approximately 3 times higher than patients on chronic hemodialysis (10 per cent). Patient survival was no better in large than in small transplant centers. Since 1975 several large and experienced transplant centers (more than 500 transplants) have reported improved patient survival rates (90 per cent). We herein document that a small transplant center (less than 200 transplants) can achieve patient survival rates that are equivalent to larger transplant centers.
From bunsen to VLSI : 150 years of growth in chemical vapor deposition technology

With these dramatic words, the German chemist Bunsen began an account in 1852 in which he described his observation that iron oxide condenses as crystals from hot volcanic gases containing hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Forty Years of Non-Linear Continuum Mechanics

An account is given of the author’s involvement with the development of nonlinear continuum mechanics. The manner in which the formulation of a phenomenological theory for finite elastic deformations of rubber-like materials led naturally to the development of phenomenological theories for the deformation of viscoelastic solids and fluids is described. This in turn led to the development of a general theory for. the formulation of non-linear constitutive equations.
Ovary-Sparing Radiation Planning Techniques Can Achieve Ovarian Dose Reduction for Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Buttock and Thigh.

Background and Objectives. Attention to ovary dose is important for premenopausal women undergoing radiation therapy (RT) and must not be overlooked when treating extremity sarcoma. We assessed whether ovary-sparing RT plans could decrease ovary dose without compromising target coverage. Methods. Standard sarcoma target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) were contoured by a sarcoma dedicated radiation oncologist on CT planning scans for 23 women with thigh or buttock sarcoma. IMRT plans (50 Gy) with and without attempted ovary-sparing were created by an expert sarcoma dosimetrist. Results. All plans met target coverage goals. Compared to standard plans, ovary-sparing plans had lower mean bilateral ovary doses (MBOD) (652 versus 483 cGy, ) but higher bone doses (mean V50: 8.5% versus 6.9%, ) and lower conformity indexes (1.12 versus 1.19, ). Tumors ). On multivariate analysis, distance to pubic symphysis and proximal medial thigh site were associated with MBOD reduction with ovary-sparing plan. Conclusions. For preoperative IMRT, ovary-sparing planning significantly reduces ovarian dose in women with sarcoma of the proximal thigh and near the pubic symphysis.
Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905 – 2016: Whitney Museum of American Art, October 26, 2016 – February 5, 2017

Eschibition Review: Exhibition catalog: Chrissie Iles, Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905–2016 . New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2016. 256pp.; 300 color and 100 b/w ills. Hardcover $65.00 (9780300221879) Exhibition schedule: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY, October 28, 2016–February 5, 2017
The World Well Won: Husserl’s Epistemic Realism One Hundred Years Later

By “epistemic realism” I understand the view that the objects of veridical thought and perception both exist and have the characteristics they are therein discovered to have without regard to whether or not they are in any way actually present to any mind of any type.
Test Equipment and Measurements

The test structures described in Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are designed for DC, low-frequency (≲10 MHz), or high-frequency (~GHz) measurements. DC characterization of MOSFETs and resistance measurements can be carried out with constant voltage or constant current power supplies, voltmeters, and ammeters. Capacitance measurements, in the absence of any on-chip active circuitry, require dedicated impedance meters operating over a range of frequencies. Frequency counters, spectrum analyzers, oscilloscopes, and pulse generators are used for AC measurements in the frequency and time domains. Silicon fabrication facilities are equipped with parametric and digital automated test equipment (ATE) coupled to computer-controlled wafer handling and data storage systems.
Hysterosalpingography/Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a dye-based radiologic evaluation of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is used primarily for the workup of infertility as well as for the evaluation of tubal patency post Essure® (Conceptus, Mountain View, CA) procedures. Other indications include the evaluation of women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions, postoperative evaluations for women who have undergone reversal of tubal ligation, and assessment of women prior to undergoing myomectomy. The primary role of the procedure is to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes [1]. The optimal time for the study to be performed is day 7–12 of the menstrual cycle. This ensures that there is not a pregnancy present and allows for optimal visualization of the endometrium in the proliferative phase.
Finite Automata, Formal Logic, and Circuit Complexity

Part 1 Mathematical preliminaries: words and languages automata and regular languages semigroups and homomorphisms. Part 2 Formal languages and formal logic: examples definitions. Part 3 Finite automata: monadic second-order sentences and regular languages regular numerical predicates infinite words and decidable theories. Part 4 Model-theoretic games: the Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game application to FO [decreasing] application to FO [+1]. Part 5 Finite semigroups: the syntactic monoid calculation of the syntactic monoid application to FO [decreasing] semidirect products categories and path conditions pseudovarieties. Part 6 First-order logic: characterization of FO [decreasing] a hierarchy in FO [decreasing] another characterization of FO [+1] sentences with regular numerical predicates. Part 7 Modular quantifiers: definition and examples languages in (FO + MOD(P))[decreasing] languages in (FO + MOD)[+1] languages in (FO + MOD)[Reg] summary. Part 8 Circuit complexity: examples of circuits circuits and circuit complexity classes lower bounds. Part 9 Regular languages and circuit complexity: regular languages in NC1 formulas with arbitrary numerical predicates regular languages and non-regular numerical predicates special cases of the central conjecture. Appendices: proof of the Krohn-Rhodes theorem proofs of the category theorems.
The vascular plant species of sidewalk plots in Brooklyn and Queens: New York City's overlooked “island” flora

The vascular flora at 50 small sidewalk plots in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY, and also bordering St. John's University, Jamaica, Queens County, NY was identified and compared during spring and fall 2007 through the spring and fall 2011 growing seasons. One hundred twenty-one vascular plant species within 94 genera and 37 families have been identified. Eighty-four taxa were identified in Brooklyn while 71 taxa were identified in Queens; many taxa in Brooklyn were also found in Queens as well. Ninety-six taxa were identified at both sites in the spring while 55 taxa were identified in the fall. The Asteraceae (22 species) and Poaceae (15 species) were the largest families in the flora. Eighty-five taxa, 69% of the flora, are not native to the region. Thirty-one taxa were observed only once during the 5-yr study; those observed only once, twice, and three times composed 50% of the flora. A parsimony algorithm was used to evaluate the distribution and co-occurrence of 121 vascular plant species identified at the above sites in Brooklyn and Queens in the fall and spring of 2007 to 2011. A total of 1,000 plots were sampled during the 5-yr study. The hierarchical cluster analysis forms two major clusters representing a Queens section, Queens fall 2007 to Queens fall 2011, and a Brooklyn section from Brooklyn fall 2007 to Brooklyn spring 2009. The data did not have enough resolution to produce a single unambiguous tree. This may be explained by the dynamic nature of these “islands,” as many species colonize these “islands” briefly and disappear. The high diversity at the sidewalk plots may be a product of local disturbance.
Detection of a Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarker at the 10 fg/mL Level.

The detection of minute amounts of protein biomarkers in body fluids is believed to provide early diagnosis and prognosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). An ultrasensitive detection method was used to detect S100B, the most studied potential marker for the diagnosis of mTBI. The detection method was a modified electrochemical immunoassay technique that provides voltage controlled intrinsic current signal amplification. The sandwich immune complex of S100B was formed on the working electrode of the screen-printed electrode. The gating voltage provides amplification of the current signal that flows through the complex. S100B was spiked in human serum. The limit of detection of S100B in human serum was 10 fg/mL. The calibration curves cover four orders of magnitudes from 10 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL. The specificity of the detection was demonstrated using TAU protein, which is another marker for mTBI. The results reported in this work using the field effect enzymatic detection (FEED)-based immunoassay indicate the feasibility of using this method for the detection of extremely low concentrations of markers of mTBI in human serum. This method can be developed as a platform for a range of markers of mTBI.
Simulation software for thermodynamic models, part 2

The software described in Part 1 of this paper is expanded to include the IRS (fluid inertia) and AC (area change) elements, which allow the modeling of fluid inertia and kinetic energy. They also permit the accounting of both stagnation and local actual thermodynamic properties. Kinetic energy, although not a necessary part of most simple models of thermodynamic systems, is vital when wave-delay or other very small-time behavior is of interest. An example of a shock tube containing a refrigerant is used as a demonstration, allowing comparison to a solution of virtually the same model carried out by difficult and laborious direct writing of the associated system equations given in the author's book. The model includes 41 IRS elements, 41 CS elements and two AC elements. Two further examples of the use of the software are also given that do not involve the IRS or AC elements: a refrigeration system and a piston-cylinder compressor. The conclusions and recommendations apply to both parts of the paper.
Creation of an institutional semi-independent data monitoring committee.

BackgroundA major goal of the National Institutes of Health’s Clinical and Translational Science Award program is to facilitate clinical research and enhance the transition of basic to clinical res...
Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Blood of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

Background: Dementia is a major public health concern affecting approximately 47 million people worldwide. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is one form of dementia that affects an individual’s memory with or without affecting their daily life. Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is a more severe form of dementia that usually affects elderly individuals. It remains unclear whether MCI is a distinct disorder from or an early stage of ADD. Methods: Gene expression data from blood were analyzed to identify potential biomarkers that may be useful for distinguishing between these two forms of dementia. Results: A meta-analysis revealed 91 genes dysregulated in individuals with MCI and 387 genes dysregulated in ADD. Pathway analysis identified seven pathways shared between MCI and ADD and nine ADD-specific pathways. Fifteen transcription factors were associated with MCI and ADD, whereas seven transcription factors were specific for ADD. Mir-335-5p was specific for ADD, suggesting that it may be useful as a biomarker. Diseases that are associated with MCI and ADD included developmental delays, cognition impairment, and movement disorders. Conclusion: These results provide a better molecular understanding of peripheral changes that occur in MCI and ADD patients and may be useful in the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Call for the Gradual Phase-Out of All Paper Information Statements

For nearly a century, tax information statements such as Form W-2s and Forms 1099 have dominated the tax administration process, ensuring taxpayer compliance and providing a mechanism for IRS oversight. The technological age of the Internet, however, has fundamentally transformed the availability of information, including critical tax data, to make it more readily accessible. On the basis of this accessibility, this analysis calls for the phase-out of paper tax information statements. Instead, tax data would be available at a secure IRS website that, with a few keystrokes, taxpayers could conveniently use to prepare their tax returns. Adoption of this proposal promises to create tremendous administrative efficiencies and greatly simplify the tax return preparation process.
Building an Energy Efficient Linear Sensor (EELS) Infrastructure for Smart Cities

In smart cities, a network of various sensors, surveillance devices, and data centers creates a critical infrastructure, which enables civic authorities to render faster and more efficient services. Notably, many deployed sensor applications such as road monitoring (smart lighting, road traffic, pedestrians, etc.), railways (tracking, breaking, etc.) and pipeline sensors (leak, pressure, etc.) form in a linear topology. These linear sensors collect data and report them to a central control station via neighbor sensors. However, relaying data through sensors causes critical energy inefficiency and imbalance issues as well as creates data transmission delay, which provokes complex application and service management hassles.In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Linear Sensor (EELS) Infrastructure for Smart Cities. We design and develop an energy-efficient Wake-up Receiving (WuRx) method on sensor nodes by using a dual-channel, an infrared (IR) based WuRx channel over a Wi-Fi data channel, to enhance the duty cycle efficiency. Besides, we build a pipelined relay algorithm to avoid any network performance (delay) degradation. The experimental results show that IR WuRx EELS performed nine times better energy usage per node and achieved a constant network delay regardless of the number of relaying nodes in the network.
Inflexible autonomic responses to sadness predict habitual and real-world rumination: A multi-level, multi-wave study.

Abstract Inflexibility of the autonomic nervous system is relevant to depression vulnerability, but the downstream behavioral consequences of autonomic inflexibility are not well understood. Rumination, a perseverative thinking style that characterizes depression, is one candidate phenotype relevant to autonomic inflexibility. Undergraduates (N = 134) completed a sadness induction while respiratory sinus arrhythmia was measured, and completed four waves of follow-up over twelve weeks during which rumination, stressful events, and symptoms of depression were measured. Individuals with less autonomic flexibility had higher levels of trait rumination, and were more likely to ruminate in daily life, regardless of stress exposure, whereas individuals with more autonomic flexibility ruminated more only in the context of stress. These findings provide the first evidence that autonomic inflexibility may confer vulnerability to context-insensitive rumination. This work suggests a potential behavioral mechanism by which autonomic inflexibility leads to problems with self-regulation and depression, suggesting multiple avenues for intervention to target these markers of vulnerability.
Determination of phellodendrine hydrochloride content in Qingfeiyihuo pills by paired ion chromatography

Objective To establish a method for detecting phellodendrine hydrochloride content in Qingfeiyihuo pills.Methods Paired ion chromatography was used.Chromatographic column was diamonsil-C18.Mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile - 0.1％ phosphoric acid( 31:69,V/V )( containing 1.8g sodium dodecyl sulfonate per 100 ml ),with a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1.Detection wavelength was 284 nm.Results Phellodendrine hydrochloride had a better linear relation at a concentration of 5.6 - 28.0μg·mL-1 ( r =0.9996 ).The average recovery rate for phellodendrine hydrochloride was 99.4％; precision of the method was 0.71％ ( RSD,n =6 ).Conclusions This method can be used in detecting phellodendrine hydrochloride content in Qingfeiyihuo pills. Key words: Qingfeiyihuo pills; Phellodendrine hydrochloride; Paired ion chromatography; Content determination
Caloplaca edwardiana (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), a new crustose species from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America

Caloplaca edwardiana is described as new to science from collections made on calcareous rock outcrops in the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America (Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee). The species appears to be rare and locally endemic, currently only known from five locations. As an endolithic species without anthraquinones, C. edwardiana likely belongs within the Caloplaca subgroup Pyrenodesmia.
Comparing the Health Workforce Provider Mix and the Distance Travelled for Mental Health Services by Rural and Urban Medicare Beneficiaries.

PURPOSE To describe the mix of health professionals who care for rural and urban seniors suffering from mood and/or anxiety disorders, the quantity of services they receive, and to understand where beneficiaries receive care for mood and/or anxiety disorders and the distance and time they travel for care. METHODS We used 2014 Medicare administrative claims data to examine access to health care for fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years who received outpatient services for mood and anxiety disorders. We classified providers into 9 categories: (1) family physicians/general practice, (2) internists, (3) nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs), (4) psychiatrists, (5) psychologists, (6) clinical social workers, (7) emergency medicine physicians, (8) other physicians, and (9) other providers. We calculated the 1-way driving distance and travel time between the beneficiary residence and provider location. We classified beneficiaries into 1 of 4 geographic categories based on their residence ZIP Code. FINDINGS Urban beneficiaries had an average of 2.7 visits for mood and anxiety disorders, while rural beneficiaries had 2.4. Generalist physicians and NPs/PAs provided 50.8% of all visits. Urban beneficiaries saw more behavioral health specialists (34.3%) than rural beneficiaries (16.1%). NPs and PAs provided more than twice as much of the care for rural beneficiaries (14.8%) as for urban beneficiaries (6.4%). Rural beneficiaries travelled about twice as far as urban beneficiaries. CONCLUSIONS Rural and urban Medicare beneficiaries received care for mood/anxiety disorders from different mixes of health care providers, and ensuring access for rural populations will require innovative solutions.
Should Student Employment Be Subsidized? Conditional Counterfactuals and the Outcomes of Work-Study Participation

Student employment subsidies are one of the largest types of federal employment subsidies, and one of the oldest forms of student aid. Yet it is unclear whether they help or harm students' long term outcomes. We present a framework that decomposes overall effects into a weighted average of effects for marginal and inframarginal workers. We then develop an application of propensity scores, which we call conditional-counterfactual matching, in which we estimate the overall impact, and the impact under two distinct counterfactuals: working at an unsubsidized job, or not working at all. Finally, we estimate the effects of the largest student employment subsidy program--Federal Work-Study (FWS)--for a broad range of participants and outcomes. Our results suggest that about half of FWS participants are inframarginal workers, for whom FWS reduces hours worked and improves academic outcomes, but has little impact on future employment. For students who would not have worked otherwise, the pattern of effects reverses. With the exception of first-year GPA, we find scant evidence of negative effects of FWS for any outcome or subgroup. However, positive effects are largest for lower-income and lower-SAT subgroups, suggesting there may be gains to improved targeting of funds.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Isolation and characterization of a novel Wolbachia bacteriophage from Allonemobius socius crickets in Missouri

Abstract Wolbachia are endosymbionts of numerous arthropod and some nematode species, are important for their development and if present can cause distinct phenotypes of their hosts. Prophage DNA has been frequently detected in Wolbachia, but particles of Wolbachia bacteriophages (phage WO) have been only occasionally isolated. Here, we report the characterization and isolation of a phage WO of the southern ground cricket, Allonemobius socius, and provided the first whole-genome sequence of phage WO from this arthropod family outside of Asia. We screened A. socius abdomen DNA extracts from a cricket population in eastern Missouri by quantitative PCR for Wolbachia surface protein and phage WO capsid protein and found a prevalence of 55% and 50%, respectively, with many crickets positive for both. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against Wolbachia surface protein showed many Wolbachia clusters in the reproductive system of female crickets. Whole-genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina technology allowed for the assembly of a high-quality, 55 kb phage genome containing 63 open reading frames (ORF) encoding for phage WO structural proteins and host lysis and transcriptional manipulation. Taxonomically important regions of the assembled phage genome were validated by Sanger sequencing of PCR amplicons. Analysis of the nucleotides sequences of the ORFs encoding the large terminase subunit (ORF2) and minor capsid (ORF7) frequently used for phage WO phylogenetics showed highest homology to phage WOKue of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (94.18% identity) and WOLig of the coronet moth, Craniophora ligustri (96.86% identity), respectively. Transmission electron microscopy examination of cricket ovaries showed a high density of phage particles within Wolbachia cells. Isolation of phage WO revealed particles characterized by 40-62 nm diameter heads and up to 190 nm long tails. This study provides the first detailed description and genomic characterization of phage WO from North America that is easily accessible in a widely distributed cricket species.
The protégé OWL plugin: an open development environment for semantic web applications

We introduce the OWL Plugin, a Semantic Web extension of the Protege ontology development platform. The OWL Plugin can be used to edit ontologies in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), to access description logic reasoners, and to acquire instances for semantic markup. In many of these features, the OWL Plugin has created and facilitated new practices for building Semantic Web contents, often driven by the needs of and feedback from our users. Furthermore, Protege's flexible open-source platform means that it is easy to integrate custom-tailored components to build real-world applications. This document describes the architecture of the OWL Plugin, walks through its most important features, and discusses some of our design decisions.
Globalization, Technology, and Human Development

There are two recent films that capture the essence of how globalization and technology have impacted human development: Andrew Stanton’s Wall-E (2008) and Jennifer Baichwal’s Manufactured Landscapes (2006). These works of cinema are quite distinct in their genre, approach, and intended audience: The former is an animated Hollywood blockbuster about robot romance in a dystopian future, while the latter is an “indie” documentary about a Canadian photographer shooting landscapes of the locations most heavily hit by the forces of globalization. And yet, both offer similarly incisive critiques of the developmental cost brought about by the globalized and increasingly technocratic systems of production and consumption in contemporary society.
Markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiac-related mortality. Aim To assess the association between endothelial dysfunction markers (Endocan, high mobility group box 1 [HMGB1], and anti-endothelial cell antibodies [AECAs]) and the risk of CAD in NAFLD. Methods Ninety-one patients scheduled for coronary angiography for chest pain were included. Of these, 77 had NAFLD (85% with documented CAD). NAFLD was diagnosed after exclusion of other causes of liver diseases and by hepatic ultrasound and/or fatty liver index. Diagnosis and severity of CAD were established with coronary angiography. Endocan (ng/mL) and HMGB1 (ng/mL) concentrations were determined in the serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. AECAs were quantified in sera using flow cytometry. Results NAFLD patients with CAD had higher serum endocan level as compared with NAFLD without CAD (P = 0.006). Furthermore, levels of endocan (odds ratio [OR] 38.66 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.10–999.99]) and hyperlipidemia (OR 5.62 [95% CI 1.36–23.19]) were significantly associated with the risk of CAD and high serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.87–0.97]) was protective against CAD. On the other hand, serum level of HMGB1 was significantly lower in NAFLD patients with CAD than NAFLD patients without CAD (P = 0.0003). Interestingly, in our NAFLD cohort, serum endocan levels positively correlated the severity of CAD (r = 0.27; P < 0.05), whereas HMGB1 levels negatively correlated with severity of CAD (r = −0.35; P < 0.05). The levels of AECA were not significantly associated with CAD in NAFLD. Conclusion Markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients NAFLD patients may be associated with the risk for CAD.
Characterization and stability of N-terminally PEGylated rhG-CSF.

Purpose. The liquid stability of rhG-CSF was investigated after polyethylene glycol (PEG) with an average molecular weight of 6000 daltons was covalently attached to the N-terminal methionine residue.
Graft-versus-Host Disease–Associated Vulvovaginal Symptoms after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Abstract We conducted a retrospective review to assess the prevalence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-associated gynecologic conditions among bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients at City of Hope Medical Center. We calculated the associations among the estimated risks of various gynecologic complications, including vaginal stenosis, by performing chi-square tests and t-test statistics. Between 2010 and 2014, 180 patients were referred to the gynecologic clinic after their BMT. One hundred twenty-four patients (69%) had GVHD; among these patients, 51 (41%) experienced dyspareunia and 43 (35%) had vaginal stenosis. GVHD patients were significantly more likely to have vaginal stenosis (P
Measuring Fidelity in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT): A Pilot Test of the EFT Therapist Fidelity Scale

Data was drawn from 15 sessions of couple's therapy where clinicians attempted to apply the EFT model. Results provide initial support for the Emotionally Focused Therapy —Therapist Fidelity Scale (EFT-TFS) as a reliable and useful measure of fidelity. In addition, results suggest the measure can discriminate effectively (95% correct classification) between low and high fidelity EFT. The findings suggest that certain in-session therapist behaviors (maintaining session focus on attachment and emotion) may be more predictive of high fidelity EFT. Implications regarding the EFT-TFS as a training and practice tool, as well as direction for future research, are discussed.
Building BRIDGES A Design Experiment to Improve Reading and United States History Knowledge of Poor Readers in Eighth Grade

We tested the effects of teaching reading skills through U.S. history content for 38 eighth-grade poor readers whose reading ability ranged from second- to fourth-grade levels. Half of the students received special education services, and half of the students were English language learners. Students were taught to decode multisyllabic words, learn meanings of academic words, and identify cause-and-effect relationships. They used easy levels of history text and then bridged into more difficult text accounts of the same events. Results showed gains in performance across each cycle in each reading component. Comparisons between students in the intervention and their typically developing peers showed stronger gains for intervention students in vocabulary and comprehension strategies. Students with disabilities who received instruction in causes and effects of historical events scored similarly to typical readers in their general education history classes.
Akt and mTOR in B Cell Activation and Differentiation.

Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is required for B cell proliferation and survival. PI3K signaling also controls key aspects of B cell differentiation. Upon engagement of the B cell receptor (BCR), PI3K activation promotes Ca2+ mobilization and activation of NFκB-dependent transcription, events which are essential for B cell proliferation. PI3K also initiates a distinct signaling pathway involving the Akt and mTOR serine/threonine kinases. It has been generally assumed that activation of Akt and mTOR downstream of PI3K is essential for B cell function. However, Akt and mTOR have complex roles in B cell fate decisions and suppression of this pathway can enhance certain B cell responses while repressing others. In this review we will discuss genetic and pharmacological studies of Akt and mTOR function in normal B cells, and in malignancies of B cell origin.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen XXII. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von diprimären α,ω‐Bis‐phosphino‐alkanen

The preparation and properties of diprimary α,ω-bis-phosphino-alkanes of the general structure H2P(CH2)n PH2 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) are described. Their reactions with N-hydroxymethyl-dialkylamines and with olefins, which yield ditertiary α,ω-bisphosphino-alkanes, (R2NCH2)2P(CH2)nP(CH2NR2)2 and R2P(CH2)nPR2, respectively, are also reported. The physical properties of two new α,ω-bis-dialkylphosphinyl-alkanes have been determined.
On the chromatic number of rational five-space

The chromatic number of rational five-space is the chromatic number of the infinite graph whose vertex set is the set of all those five-dimensional vectors with all the coordinates being rational numbers and with two vertices forming an edge iff the Euclidean distance is exactly one. In this paper it is shown that the chromatic number of rational five-space is at least six.
The postpartum worry scale—Revised: Continuing validation with a sample of NICU mothers

This study represents the second validation phase of the Postpartum Worry Scale-Revised (PWS-R). As the PWS-R includes items tapping infant health and development concerns, we compare its psychometric properties with a sample of NICU mothers and the online sample used in the initial validation. We conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to fit the latent factor structure previously validated with the online sample to the NICU sample. We also examine the reliability and construct validity of the PWS-R when used with a NICU sample. The PWS-R's reliability remains good and moderate concurrent correlations with theoretically similar constructs are shown with the newly created PWS-R factors. Model testing with the NICU sample reveals a different three factor structure than the four factor structure previously revealed with the online sample. The psychometric findings for the PWS-R provide continuing support for its use as a measure of postpartum worry; however, the differences in factor structure suggest that the PWS-R scores of high risk samples such as NICU parents should not be compared to those of community samples. Next steps in the iterative validation process and recommendations for use are considered, particularly with regard to high-risk samples.
Free Energy Landscape for the Inactivation of the KcsA Potassium Channel

The potassium ion channel, KcsA, gates the passage of ions through cell membranes in response to a change in pH. Recent experimental results have demonstrated the existence of two gates in KcsA: an intracellular gate and a gate at the selectivity filter. Lowering the pH opens the intracellular gate allowing ions to pass. After a period of time, however, the channel inactivates by constricting the selectivity filter and impeding the flow of ions even though the bottom gate remains open. We have used path-based molecular dynamics simulations to probe the detailed mechanism of this phenomenon by finding dynamical pathways to inactivation in KcsA. We have computed free energies and rates of inactivation that agree with recent experimental results. We also provide a molecular rationalization for the coupling between the opening and closing of the lower gate and the inactivation of the selectivity filter.
Measurement of electrolytic conductivity in highly conducting solutions

A new technique, suitable specifically for the determination of specific conductivity in highly conducting solution is described. The technique combines the advantages of four-electrode measurement with those of fast current interruption to yield a clear signal, proportional to the resistivity of the solution and independent of any polarization effects.
Deconvolution of Transition Metal LIII/LII-Edge EXAFS and Magnetic EXAFS (MEXAFS) Data

We describe the use of an iterative Van Cittert deconvolution approach to isolate the LIII-edge from the LII-edge EXAFS and MEXAFS signals for the 3d transition metals. The deconvoluted LIII-edge EXAFS data is in agreement with theoretically generated LIII-edge data, thus demonstrating the validity of this approach. Results from the deconvolution of the MEXAFS data also qualitatively agree with previously published MEXAFS data on the same elements at the K-edge.
Some segregation effects in packed‐fluidized beds

In a fluidized bed, particles of different size are subject to a force imbalance that promotes segregation. However, in conventional gas-fluidized systems this tendency is masked by the high solids mixing rates that exist. The addition of packing or baffles permits the use of high aspect ratios and also restricts large-scale solids movement. As a result, segregation is more pronounced. Experiments have been carried out to assess the extent of segregation occurring in gas-fluidized systems containing an open-ended cylindrical screen packing. The degree of segregation has been found to depend on gas flow rate and bed height. Some rate studies have also been made. Les particules de dimensions differentes, dans un lit fluidise, sont sujettes a un desequilibre des forces qui aide a la segregation. Les taux eleves d'agitation des solides qui existent dans les systemes conventionnels de fluidisation en phase gazeuse masquent cette tendance. L'addition de chicanes restreint ce mouvement des solides et, de ce fait, la segregation est plus grande. Le degre de segregation a ete etudie dans un appareil de fluidisation en phase gazeuse contenant un cylindre en treillis metallique et il est demontre qu'il varie selon le debit et la hauteur du lit. Une etude des taux est aussi presentee.