cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Characterization of Stacked Packaging Substrates Using a Coaxial Transmission Line Technique

In this paper, the dielectric characterization of RT/duroid® 5880 is presented from 100 MHz to 8.50 GHz, using a coaxial transmission line technique, by stacking the material under test (MUT) inside a 3.50 mm airline. We stacked 3.10 mm thick toroidal pieces to increase the total length of the MUT for better accuracy of the method. The extraction method is wideband and reference-plane-invariant (RPI) which combines Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) and Baker-Jarvis methods. The data analysis reveals that the dielectric properties approach the datasheet value over a wideband for thick MUT. The measured mean dielectric constant for three stacked pieces of 9.30 mm thick (0.39λ) MUT is 2.32 below 1 GHz and 2.22 above 1 GHz, compared to the datasheet value of 2.20±0.02. The extracted loss tangent of simulated and measured data is 0.002 from 1-8.5 GHz compared to the datasheet value of 0.0009.
Probabilistic Deterministic Finite Automata and Recurrent Networks, Revisited

Author(s): Marzen, SE; Crutchfield, JP | Abstract: Reservoir computers (RCs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can mimic any finite-state automaton in theory, and some workers demonstrated that this can hold in practice. We test the capability of generalized linear models, RCs, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) RNN architectures to predict the stochastic processes generated by a large suite of probabilistic deterministic finite-state automata (PDFA). PDFAs provide an excellent performance benchmark in that they can be systematically enumerated, the randomness and correlation structure of their generated processes are exactly known, and their optimal memory-limited predictors are easily computed. Unsurprisingly, LSTMs outperform RCs, which outperform generalized linear models. Surprisingly, each of these methods can fall short of the maximal predictive accuracy by as much as 50% after training and, when optimized, tend to fall short of the maximal predictive accuracy by ~5%, even though previously available methods achieve maximal predictive accuracy with orders-of-magnitude less data. Thus, despite the representational universality of RCs and RNNs, using them can engender a surprising predictive gap for simple stimuli. One concludes that there is an important and underappreciated role for methods that infer "causal states" or "predictive state representations".
Anaerobic Co-digestion of Tannery Solid Wastes: A Comparison of Single and Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion

Performances of single and two-phase mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of the leather fleshings and the leather industry’s wastewater treatment sludge were compared for the first time in this study. With a methane yield of 0.46 m3/kg volatile solid, the single-phase digestion system produced 15% more methane gas than that of the two-phase digestion system. However, H2S concentrations, which are over 1% in biogas, was the major problem causing inhibition in the biogas production for the single-phase digestion system. Sulfides, which entered to the reactor with the leather fleshings and caused H2S inhibition, were able to be eliminated easily by rinsing the leather fleshings before being fed to the digester. Although the no H2S inhibition was observed in the two-phase system, the hydrolysis reactor and thus subsequently the methane reactor suffered from serious operational problems causing process failure in the biogas production performance. Regarding methane production performance and simplicity in its operation, the single-phase digestion system is considered to be more convenient for the anaerobic co-digestion of leather fleshings and treatment sludge.
Sequential Choice Bandits: Learning with Marketing Fatigue

Motivated by the observation that overexposure to unwanted marketing activities can lead to customer dissatisfaction, we consider a setting where a platform offers a sequence of messages to its users and is penalized when users abandon the platform due to marketing fatigue. We propose a novel sequential choice model to capture multiple interactions taking place between the platform and its users: upon receiving a message, a user decides on whether to accept or reject the message. If she chooses to reject, she would then decide to either receive the next message in the sequence or abandon the platform. Based on user feedback, the platform dynamically learns users' abandonment distribution and the relevance of the recommended content. With a goal to maximize the cumulative payoff over a horizon of length T, the platform dynamically adjusts the sequence of messages and the order in which the messages are shown to a user. We refer to this online learning task as the sequential choice bandit (SC-Bandit) problem. For the offline combinatorial optimization problem, we show a polynomial-time algorithm. For the online problem, we consider two variants, depending on whether contexts are included, and propose algorithms that balance exploration and exploitation. Lastly, we evaluate the performance of our algorithms with both synthetic and real-world datasets.
An Distributed Cyberattack Diagnosis Scheme for Malicious Protection Operation based on IEC 61850

Substation automation systems (SAS) are known to be vulnerable to cyber attacks due to the weaknesses of security features (e.g., encryption, authenticity). These issues were demonstrated by the recent Ukranian cyber attack event on 2016. The security mechanisms located at the SAS need to identify cyberattacks and faults occur in protection operations distributively in efficient manner. This work presents a novel distributed cyberattack diagnosis solution (DCDS) for the SAS, based on the backward reachability graph analysis of behavioral Petri-net (BPN). The proposed distributed BPN model for the SAS is developed based on the IEC 61850 protocol. The distributed diagnoser solution produces a local diagnosis result to detect attacks which is consistent and correct without the use of centralized diagnosis scheme. A case study on the SAS is provided to verify our proposed DCDS based on different scenarios that successfully identified cyberattack and other substation (e.g., relay malfunction, normal fault)events. Also, this DCDS is evaluated in the Mininet computer network emulator by using an open-source library (libiec61850) to exchange the SAS messages through IEC 61850.
Competition between magnetic order and charge localization in Na 2 IrO 3 thin crystal devices

Author(s): Rodriguez, J; Lopez, G; Ramirez, F; Breznay, NP; Kealhofer, R; Nagarajan, V; Latzke, D; Wilson, S; Marrufo, N; Santiago, P; Lara, J; Diego, A; Molina, E; Rosser, D; Tavassol, H; Lanzara, A; Analytis, JG; Ojeda-Aristizabal, C | Abstract: Spin orbit assisted Mott insulators such as sodium iridate (Na2IrO3) have been an important subject of study in recent years. In these materials, the interplay of electronic correlations, spin-orbit coupling, crystal field effects, and a honeycomb arrangement of ions bring exciting ground states, predicted in the frame of the Kitaev model. The insulating character of Na2IrO3 has hampered its integration to an electronic device, desirable for applications, such as the manipulation of quasiparticles interesting for topological quantum computing. Here we show through electronic transport measurements supported by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments, that electronic transport in Na2IrO3 is ruled by variable range hopping and it is strongly dependent on the magnetic ordering transition known for bulk Na2IrO3, as well as on external electric fields. Electronic transport measurements allow us to deduce a value for the localization length and the density of states in our Na2IrO3 thin crystal devices, and offer an alternative approach to study insulating 2D-materials.
PO-209 Biological characterisation of specific KRAS mutations: from basic biology to response to treatment

ABSTRACT Introduction KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancer and KRAS mutations are commonly associated with resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. KRAS is still not directly druggable, therefore current therapeutic strategies for KRAS mutant cancers aim at identifying susceptibilities in downstream signalling pathways. One unresolved aspect of KRAS biology with potential to translate into patient stratification criteria is the difference between distinct KRAS activating mutations in terms of downstream signalling and drug sensitivity. Understanding the biochemical and biological differences among specific KRAS mutants is essential to discover new actionable vulnerabilities for mutant KRAS. Material and methods To study the role of different KRAS mutants in a controlled and reliable genetic setting, we developed an isogenic KRASMUT inducible system that lacks endogenous HRas/NRas and harbours conditional CREERT2-controlled KRaslox alleles (KRaslox KRASMUT system). This system allows direct and robust comparison between different KRAS oncogenic isoforms and rigorous evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo impact on tumour progression and response to MEK/ERK inhibition. Results and discussions Our data confirm differential GTP-hydrolysis properties among different KRAS mutants (G12C, G12D, G12V, G12A, G13D and Q61H). This intrinsic feature is translated into distinct proliferation rates in vitro and in vivo, as well as differential responsiveness to MEK/ERK inhibitors in specific KRaslox KRASMUT cell lines, with up to 12-fold IC50 variability. Interestingly, the Q61H mutant, known to exhibit the lowest intrinsic GTP-hydrolysis rates, is the most sensitive to MEK/ERK inhibition, suggesting that intrinsic biochemical properties of specific KRAS mutants affect drug response. Moreover, in our KRaslox KRASMUT cell lines expressing specific KRAS mutants, we observed differential reactivation of upstream RTKs in response to MAPK inhibition, suggesting the existence of a functional crosstalk between specific KRAS mutations and upstream receptors that may be modulated by oncogenic signalling, with potential implications on drug resistance mechanisms. Conclusion • KRAS specific mutants retain unique GTP-hydrolysis features • KRAS specific mutants have distinct growth propertied in vitro and in vivo • KRAS specific mutants show differential responsiveness to MEK/ERK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.
Periodicity Using Shift Periodic Operators

In Chap. 7, we had to require the time scale to be additive in order to show the existence of periodic solutions. We devote this chapter to the study of periodic solutions of functional delay dynamical systems. The periodic delays are expressed in terms of shift operators (see Definition 1.4.4) that were developed by Adivar (Electron J Qual Theory Differ Equ 2010(7):1–22, 2010). We begin the chapter with the discussion of periodicity in shift operators over different time scales and provide examples. We proceed to unifying Floquet theory for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous dynamical systems. Then we consider neutral dynamical systems using Floquet theory and Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem. We move to the existence of almost automorphic solutions of delayed neutral dynamic system using exponential dichotomy and Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem. This chapter should serve as the foundation and guidance for future research on periodicity using the well-defined shift operators, by the authors. Part of this chapter is new and the rest can be found in Adivar (Math Slovaca 63(4):817–828, 2013), Adivar and Koyuncuoglu (Appl Math Comput 273:1208–1233, 2016; Appl Math Comput 242:328–339, 2014), and Koyuncuoglu (q-Floquet Theory and Its Extensions to Time Scales Periodic in Shifts. Thesis (Ph.D.), 2016).
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and different migration strategies as viewed from the neural crest.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that produces migratory cells from epithelial precursors. However, EMT is not binary; rather it results in migratory cells which adopt diverse strategies including collective and individual cell migration to arrive at target destinations. Of the many embryonic cells that undergo EMT, the vertebrate neural crest is a particularly good example which has provided valuable insight into these processes. Neural crest cells from different species often adopt different migratory strategies with collective migration predominating in anamniotes, whereas individual cell migration is more prevalent in amniotes. Here, we will provide a perspective on recent work toward understanding the process of neural crest EMT focusing on how these cells undergo collective and individual cell migration.
On supporting early-career Black scholars.

Black early-career researchers suffer racism, discrimination and significant barriers to professional development. Mya Roberson makes key suggestions on how non-Black scientists can support Black early-career researchers.
Launching the Next Steps to Improve Hospice and Palliative Medicine Fellow Performance Assessment: A Look Back to the Initial Toolkit of Assessment Methods

Education leaders in hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) have long acknowledged the challenge of fellow performance assessment and the need for HPM-specific fellow assessment tools. In 2010, and in alignment with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's (ACGME's) directive toward competency-based medical education, the national HPM Competencies Workgroup curated a set of assessment tools, the HPM Toolkit of Assessment Methods. The Toolkit has been a resource for HPM fellowship directors in evolving practical, multifaceted fellow assessment strategies. Now, as American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine plans for a national workgroup in 2020 to define current HPM fellow assessment methods and to propose strategies to strengthen and standardize future assessment, the Toolkit provides a strong base from which to launch. However, the field learned important lessons from the 2010 Workgroup about the consensus process, gaps in areas of assessment, opportunities to address gaps with new or adapted tools, and limitations in implementing the Toolkit over time in terms of tracking, accessibility, and dissemination. This article describes the development of the Toolkit, including recommended tools and methods for assessment within each ACGME competency domain, and links the lessons learned to recommendations for the 2020 workgroup to consider in creating the next HPM assessment strategy and toolkit. Effective implementation will be crucial in supporting fellows to reach independent practice, which will further strengthen the field and workforce to provide the highest quality patient and family-centered care in serious illness. This will require an inspired, committed effort from the HPM community, which we enthusiastically anticipate.
Status report on two new vertex detectors: The scintillation camera and the microchannel plate

The recent successes in the study of charm with visual detectors have been achieved in experiments which used either bubble chambers or nuclear emulsion. Optimization of these techniques for charm has obviously been possible; further improvements to permit an investigation of beauty or of charm with large statistics are speculative. To see the difficulty is easy: the recent (and highly successful) run of LEBC in NA16 resulted in ten’s of reconstructed charmed particles. LEBC was used at an interaction rate of about 10/second and about 106 pictures were recorded. A simple extrapolation of these experimental results leads to the conclusion that in order to accumulate a similar number of beauty particles produced with a cross-section of 10-3 that of charm (a) a triggerable device would be necessary and (b) an interaction rate of at least 104 would be required.
Osseous Reconstruction Following Treatment of Head and Neck Tumors

Summary The cancer-ablated patient presents a great challenge to the reconstructive process. Surgical scarring and fibrosis, compromise of regional perfusion, communication and contamination between the mouth and surgical wound, and the effects of therapeutic radiation on the hard and soft tissues all must be considered. Of course, the patient poses the most important challenges and often raises essential questions: What will I look like? Will I be able to talk? To eat? To breathe? Will I be in pain? Will I be able to return to work? How long will I be in the hospital? Will I live? Patience and honesty must be provided when addressing these issues with the patient and family. When asked to write this clinical article, we agreed because it gave us the opportunity to share our approach to these difficult issues. Ours is not the only approach to reconstructive jaw surgery, but in our hands the combination of wide excision of the involved tissues, delayed or immediate reconstruction with a free flap of hard and soft tissue, and if possible the establishment of a fixed osteodental unit is the approach of choice. We leave the use of particulate grafting to others more experienced in these areas. The reconstruction and rehabilitation of the patient with head and neck malignancy remain among the greatest challenges for surgeons working in this anatomic region. The obvious devastating effects on socialization, communication, nutritional maintenance, and respiration created by cancer ablation make it clear that control of disease alone is no longer an acceptable treatment goal. Furthermore the awesome tasks posed by head and neck malignancy require true cooperation by many disciplines of medicine and dentistry. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon often is pivotal in this interaction.
Components of the Gut Microbiome That Influence Bone Tissue-Level Strength.

Modifications to the constituents of the gut microbiome influence bone density and tissue-level strength, but the specific microbial components that influence tissue-level strength in bone are not known. Here, we selectively modify constituents of the gut microbiota using narrow-spectrum antibiotics to identify components of the microbiome associated with changes in bone mechanical and material properties. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks) were divided into seven groups (n = 7-10/group) and had taxa within the gut microbiome removed through dosing with: (i) ampicillin; (ii) neomycin; (iii) vancomycin; (iv) metronidazole; (v) a cocktail of all four antibiotics together (with zero-calorie sweetener to ensure intake); (vi) zero-calorie sweetener only; or (vii) no additive (untreated) for 12 weeks. Individual antibiotics remove only some taxa from the gut, while the cocktail of all four removes almost all microbes. After accounting for differences in geometry, whole bone strength was reduced in animals with gut microbiome modified by neomycin (-28%, p = 0.002) and was increased in the group in which the gut microbiome was altered by sweetener alone (+39%, p < 0.001). Analysis of the fecal microbiota detected seven lower-ranked taxa differentially abundant in animals with impaired tissue-level strength and 14 differentially abundant taxa associated with increased tissue-level strength. Histological and serum markers of bone turnover and trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) did not differ among groups. These findings demonstrate that modifications to the taxonomic components of the gut microbiome have the potential to decrease or increase tissue-level strength of bone independent of bone quantity and without noticeable changes in bone turnover. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Increasing Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness by Automating the Authoring of the Development Safety Update Report

A Development Safety Update Report (DSUR) is a comprehensive review of safety information collected during an annual reporting period for an investigational drug. The creation of a DSUR is a resource-intensive process, requiring effective communication among, and collaboration with, various functional stakeholders. To increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of generating a DSUR with the use of an electronic authoring platform. This computerized platform auto-populates the DSUR template using available source data. Requirements for the DSUR authoring tool were developed, and available data sources were mapped to respective sections of a company DSUR template. The DSUR authoring tool, mined, scanned, and extracted the relevant data from multiple-input source documents using Natural Language Processing logic. The data were then auto-populated into the template, as required by regulatory guidance ICH-E2F, with different text options based on questions and answers. The time- and cost-savings gained through automation were analyzed for DSURs authored during 2017–2019. The DSUR contains 31 sections (20 main sections and 11 sub-sections), of which 9 were fully automated, 12 were partially automated, and 10 were not automated in this release of the automation tool. Use of the DSUR automation tool resulted in a time-savings of approximately 25% per report, corresponding to a cost saving of US$4550 per report. Deployment of the automation tool reduced the time and cost required to manually produce DSURs, as well as improved the quality, compliance, and consistency of company-prepared DSURs. This tool enhanced the potential of the organization to generate larger volumes of DSURs in a timely manner, without requiring additional resources or compromising quality. This or a similar authoring automation tool could be employed in the future to generate other regulatory submission documents, which also require various source documents and cross-functional contributions.
U Sam Oeur

Sam and I were classmates, neighbors, and friends from '66 through '68, when we were both working on our MFAs. I became fascinated by what he told me of his country and had planned to visit to help Sam translate Cam bodian folk literature into English. We corresponded for a year or so before Sam wrote that there was no longer any point in writing, as all the mail was censored. That was the last I heard of Sam until 1984 when Iowa's English Department received a letter from him, through an Australian n.g.o. in Bangkok, requesting a copy of his MFA thesis. Sam had burned his own copy at the beginning of the Pol Pot takeover, knowing it would be used as evidence against him. Most people had assumed that Sam had been executed during the Pol Pot regime; I had, however, continued to ask questions of those coming out of Cambodia. So we began corresponding again. It was apparent that Sam wanted out of Cambodia, but how could we get him out? I presented his situation to Clark Blaise, Director of the International Writing Program, and after several years of wrangling, Clark was able to find a sponsor for Sam?the Dashiell Hammett-Lillian Hellman Fund for Free Expression. Part of the problem was that Sam did not have a reputation as a writer. If he had had such a reputation, of course, he would have been dead many times over. During the Pol Pot years, for instance, Sam had thrown away his eye glasses and pretended to be a coolie. Sam arrived at the Cedar Rapids airport in September of 1992, with a suitcase full of tattered reference books and the clothes on his back. Our wish, back in the late 60s, to work together had taken a rather cruel and circuitous detour. I saw him coming down the escalator at the airport, his hair now white, his hands shaky, but his smile no less beatific than it had been in 1968. The five poems which follow give you some sense of a before-and-after in the life of U Sam Oeur. "Bung Kriel" is a revision of a poem which was
Coping with Poor Prognosis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

When the pediatrician in a hospital intensive care unit (ICU) predicts to parents that a poor outcome is likely, he may sometimes encounter disbelief and even animosity. “We’ve told the parents their child’s chances for a healthy recovery are extremely poor, but they don’t appear to understand—they seem to be totally unrealistic” was a comment not infrequently made by pediatric medical staff and nursing staff in our pediatric intensive care unit. The physician may compare his plight to that of Cassandra—the mythical Greek prophetess of doom, who was cursed to see into the future and not be believed. The purpose of this report is to describe the Cassandra prophecy phenomenon and to present our hypotheses about its meaning and how it might be dealt with effectively.
Probabilistic escrow of financial transactions with cumulative threshold disclosure

We propose a scheme for privacy-preserving escrow of financial transactions. The objective of the scheme is to preserve privacy and anonymity of the individual user engaging in financial transactions until the cumulative amount of all transactions in a certain category, for example all transactions with a particular counterparty in any single month, reaches a pre-specified threshold. When the threshold is reached, the escrow agency automatically gains the ability to decrypt the escrows of all transactions in that category (and only that category). Our scheme employs the probabilistic polling idea of Jarecki and Odlyzko [JO97], amended by a novel robustness mechanism which makes such scheme secure for malicious parties. When submitting the escrow of a transaction, with probability that is proportional to the amount of the transaction, the user reveals a share of the key under which all his transactions are encrypted. Therefore, the fraction of shares that are known to the escrow agency is an accurate approximation of the fraction of the threshold amount that has been transacted so far. When the threshold is reached, with high probability the escrow agency possesses all the shares that it needs to reconstruct the key and open the escrows. Our main technical contribution is a novel tool of robust probabilistic information transfer, which we implement using techniques of optimistic fair 2-party computation.
Reducing power consumption during TLB lookups in a PowerPC/spl trade/ embedded processor

We present a microarchitectural-level low-power translation lookaside buffer (TLB) design for embedded system applications. High-performance embedded processors with small micro-TLBs frequently encounter a large number of micro-TLB misses and many types of context switches such as internal and external interrupts. Context switches flush the micro-TLBs and therefore cause a number of unified-TLB accesses for address translation. Our method presents a microarchitecture wherein the power dissipation associated with unified-TLB accesses is minimized. In addition, our technique enables large process ID register sizes which can reduce the operating system software overhead. Our experiments using specINT 2000 benchmarks show that we obtain an average power saving of 36% in the content addressable memory (CAM) comparisons for these accesses.
Title III of the Bioterrorism Act: sacrificing U.S. trade relations in the name of food security.

Part I examines in detail the two conflicting laws that are the basis of this Comment—Title III of the Bioterrorism Act and the SPS Agreement—focusing on those portions of Title III that adversely impact international trade. Part I also presents the WTO case EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), the first food regulation case disputed in the WTO system for a violation of the SPS Agreement. This case clarified the two major principles of the SPS Agreement that are explored in this Comment: the prohibition on discrimination and the obligation to support trade–restrictive measures with an analytical risk assessment. As such, it will be used as a tool to explain these principles and illustrate how a WTO member could successfully dispute Title III’s compliance with the SPS Agreement. Part II of this Comment analyzes Title III’s conformity with the SPS Agreement. This Part establishes that Title III is subject to the SPS Agreement because it is a sanitary measure designed to protect human life and health from the threat of deliberate food contamination. Part II then argues that, while motivated by the real threat of bioterrorism, Title III nonetheless violates the nondiscrimination principle of Article 2.3 of the SPS Agreement by discriminating against foreign imports. Part II also argues that Title III violates Article 5 of the SPS Agreement because it is a trade restrictive regulation that is not based on a supportive risk assessment. Finally, Part II asserts that, because Title III exempts a large number of direct-to-consumer food sources from its administration, its overall ability to provide bioterrorism protection is significantly diminished. This presents the question: if Title III fails to achieve its stated purpose, can it ever comply with the risk assessment principle of the Agreement? Part III concludes that Title III of the Bioterrorism Act violates two key provisions of the SPS Agreement. Because the Bioterrorism Act as written specifically requires the trade-restrictive measures in question, Title III should be rejected in its entirety to remain consistent with U.S. trade obligations under the WTO. This Part then evaluates the implications of Title III’s breach of the SPS Agreement. If the United States retains the measure, it risks an adverse decision from the dispute settlement system of the WTO. In closing, Part III recommends that the United States collaborate with international trading partners in the future to achieve a global bioterrorism solution that is sensitive to trade considerations.
Testing an Adaptationist Theory of Trait Covariation: Relative Bargaining Power as a Common Calibrator of an Interpersonal Syndrome

This article provides the first test of an adaptationist 'common calibration' theory to explain the origins of trait covariation, which holds that (i) personality traits are often facultatively calibrated in response to cues that ancestrally predicted the reproductive payoffs of different trait levels and (ii) distinct traits that are calibrated on the basis of common input cues will exhibit consistent patterns of covariation. This theory is applied to explain the covariation within a 'personality syndrome' encompassing various interpersonal trait dimensions (e.g. extraversion, emotionality and attachment styles). Specifically, it is hypothesized that these traits are inter-correlated because each is calibrated in response to relative bargaining power (RBP)—a joint function of one's ability to benefit others and harm others. Path analyses from a correlational study compellingly supported this theoretical model: Objective and self-perceived measures of RBP-enhancing phenotypic features (physical attractiveness and physical strength) influenced an internal regulatory variable indexing RBP (i.e. self-perceived RBP), which in turn had robust effects on each of the focal personality traits. Moreover, in support of the theory's core postulate, controlling for self- perceived RBP greatly reduced the covariation within the interpersonal syndrome. These novel findings illustrate the promise of an evolutionary psychological approach to elucidating trait covariation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beat-the-wave evacuation mapping for tsunami hazards in Seaside, Oregon, USA

Previous pedestrian evacuation modeling for tsunamis has not considered variable wave arrival times or critical junctures (e.g., bridges), and did not effectively communicate multiple evacuee travel speeds. We summarize an approach that identifies evacuation corridors, recognizes variable wave arrival times, and produces a map of minimum pedestrian travel speeds to reach safety, termed a “beat-the-wave” (BTW) evacuation analysis. We demonstrate the improved approach by evaluating difficulty of pedestrian evacuation of Seaside, Oregon, for a local tsunami generated by a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. We establish evacuation paths by calculating the least-cost distance (LCD) to safety for every grid cell in a tsunami hazard zone using geospatial, anisotropic path distance algorithms. Minimum BTW speed to safety on LCD paths is calculated for every grid cell by dividing surface distance from that cell to safety by the tsunami arrival time at safety. We evaluated three scenarios of evacuation difficulty: (1) all bridges are intact with a 5-min evacuation delay from the start of earthquake, (2) only retrofitted bridges are considered intact with a 5-min delay, and (3) only retrofitted bridges are considered intact with a 10-min delay. BTW maps also take into account critical evacuation points along complex shorelines (e.g., peninsulas, bridges over shore-parallel estuaries) where evacuees could be caught by tsunami waves. The BTW map is able to communicate multiple pedestrian travel speeds, which are typically visualized by multiple maps with current LCD-based mapping practices. Results demonstrate that evacuation of Seaside is problematic seaward of the shore-parallel waterways for those with any limitations on mobility. Tsunami vertical evacuation refuges or additional pedestrian bridges may be effective ways of reducing loss of life seaward of these waterways.
Overcoming Barriers to Collaborative Transboundary Water Governance

Scientists and policymakers increasingly recognize the critical dependence of urban and agricultural economies and livelihoods on mountain systems. Mountain systems feed critical watersheds, provide diverse commodities, enable recreation, and host competing settlement uses that also affect downstream water quality and quantity in aquifers, lakes, and streams. Many scientists from diverse disciplines are focused on the problem of how to govern common water systems that are subject to diverse—often competing—property regimes, organizational/agency interests, and national, local, state, and indigenous jurisdictions. Given the political obstacles to creation of nested organizational authorities, the current literature suggests that organizational actors may collaborate based on water's shared importance and build voluntary systems of networked governance that produce beneficial institutional relations and political regimes. Barriers to this ideal of collaboration include competing legal rights, identity politics, and state or national boundaries at larger scales. A key question arises: How can staff of relevant agencies, who are concerned about the threats to environmental goods, work toward cooperative governance when certain barriers impede collaboration between their organizations? We explore this question based on the case example of a complex aquifer and related river system in northern Idaho and eastern Washington that are transected by competing state, tribal, and local jurisdictions and are impacted by historic mining pollution, deforestation, and recent amenity-driven urbanization. Exploratory interviews with agency actors, document analysis, and observation of collaborative meetings confirm that individual employees can be key actors in developing transboundary governance, despite legal and organizational impediments to collaboration between their organizations. The case supports recent literature on scalar politics that shifts the emphasis away from ideal structures and focuses instead on better understanding of the ways in which creative actors may build collaborative institutions within existing structures.
When the Prognosis Leads to Indifference

A55-YEAR-OLD WOMAN was transferred to a free-standing inpatient hospice unit to die. She was admitted to another hospital 1 month prior to transfer with a severe headache. A serious intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed. After a hospital course complicated by mechanical ventilation, parotiditis, herpes simplex virus pneumonia, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sepsis and persistent delirium, her durable power-of-attorney for health affairs agreed to transfer for comfort care with the expectation she would die in a few days. Medicaid insured her. Her past medical history was significant for liver failure due to heavy alcohol use. She was reportedly sober for 5 years and was on a liver transplant waiting list. She was divorced with a 13 year-old child who lives in another state. She lived with her boyfriend in a remote rural area. She was unemployed. Her sister was her proxy. Her initial physical examination was remarkable for a waxing and waning delirium. Dehydration secondary to iatrogenic diuresis was treated with intravenous fluids. Over succeeding days, her sensorium cleared and it was apparent that she was not imminently dying. It was the opinion of her physicians that she had decisionmaking capacity. She articulated that she wanted all measures taken to help her recover from her illness, including mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation if that were necessary. Because of her history of MRSA and insurance status, a receiving institution could not be identified. Her sister expressed confusion and dismay about the changed prognosis and resulting treatment plan. Hospice staff was heard to grumble, “We aren’t doing things here like we did in the old days.”
On the asymptotic regimes and the strongly stratified limit of rotating Boussinesq equations

Asymptotic regimes of geophysical dynamics are described for different Burger number limits. Rotating Boussinesq equations are analyzed in the asymptotic limit of strong stratification in the Burger number of order one situation as well as in the asymptotic regime of strong stratification and weak rotation. It is shown that in both regimes horizontally averaged buoyancy variable is an adiabatic invariant for the full Boussinesq system. Spectral phase shift corrections to the buoyancy time scale associated with vertical shearing of this invariant are deduced. Statistical dephasing effects induced by turbulent processes on inertial-gravity waves are evidenced. The `split'' of the energy transfer of the vortical and the wave components is established in the Craya-Herring cyclic basis. As the Burger number increases from zero to infinity, we demonstrate gradual unfreezing of energy cascades for ageostrophic dynamics. The energy spectrum and the anisotropic spectral eddy viscosity are deduced with an explicit dependence on the anisotropic rotation/stratification time scale which depends on the vertical aspect ratio parameter. Intermediate asymptotic regime corresponding to strong stratification and weak rotation is analyzed where the effects of weak rotation are accounted for by an asymptotic expansion with full control (saturation) of vertical shearing. The regularizing effect of weak rotation differs from regularizations based on vertical viscosity. Two scalar prognostic equations for ageostrophic components (divergent velocity potential and geostrophic departure) are obtained.
Exposure effects and affective responses to music

Radio programming appears to follow a theory of mere exposure, where repeated exposure to a stimulus results in enhanced positive affect toward that stimulus. Although mere exposure has received substantial empirical support, other studies of exposure to music suggest that an inverted—U better describes the exposure‐affect relationship. This study manipulated exposure to rock and popular songs in a counterbalanced design. Subjects heard manipulated songs at frequencies of 1, 8, 16, and 24. An inverted—U relationship was found, with a small but significant effect size that held when controlling for a number of stimulus and subject variables. The collative variables of subjective complexity and subjective novelty were hypothesized to interact with exposure in determining affective evaluations; this was not supported.
The Effect of International Involvement on the Relationship between Managerial Tenure and Firm Performance

This study examines the moderating effect of international involvement on the relationship between two dimensions of managerial tenure and firm performance. Data for 89 Fortune 500 firms of varying levels of international involvement were gathered and analyzed. The results of the empirical examination provided significant support for the moderating effect of internationalization on the relationship between top management team tenure and firm performance. In general, in firms with relatively higher levels of foreign involvement, teams with higher organizational tenure and lower job tenure realized superior performance outcomes.
Calorimetric measurements of heat of sorption in polymer films: A molecular modeling and experimental study

Abstract We report a combined molecular modeling and experimental effort to predict and measure the heat of sorption of target molecules in a polymer film. The primary focus of this work is to demonstrate and validate the applicability of molecular modeling techniques as a predictive tool to evaluate polymeric sensing films for micro-calorimetric chemical sensor applications. In the current investigation, molecular modeling studies were performed prior to experimental measurements to predict the heat of sorption (Δ H sorpt ) of a target analyte in a polymer film. Experimental measurements for the heat of sorption were performed using a quartz crystal microbalance/heat conducting calorimeter setup. The system under investigation was isopropanol in ethyl cellulose polymer film. The average Δ H sorpt predicted by molecular modeling at 22 °C was found to be 39.7 kJ/mol (standard deviation = 2.6 kJ/mol), which compares well with the average measured experimental value of 30.2 kJ/mol (standard deviation = 7.2 kJ/mol).
Relabeling the Medications We Call Antidepressants

This paper raises the question about whether the data on the medications we call antidepressants justify the label of antidepressant. The authors argue that a true antidepressant should be clearly superior to placebo, should offer a risk/benefit balance that exceeds that of alternative treatments, should not increase suicidality, should not increase anxiety and agitation, should not interfere with sexual functioning, and should not increase depression chronicity. Unfortunately, these medications appear to fall short on all of these dimensions. Many of the “side effects” of these medications have larger effect sizes than the antidepressant effect size. To call these medications antidepressants may make sense from a marketing standpoint but may be misleading from a scientific perspective. Consumers deserve a label that more accurately reflects the data on the largest effects and helps them understand the range of effects from these medications. In other words, it may make just as much sense to call these medications antiaphrodisiacs as antidepressants because the negative effects on libido and sexual functioning are so common. It can be argued that a misleading label may interfere with our commitment to informed consent. Therefore, it may be time to stop calling these medications antidepressants.
Nitrofurantoin-Induced Granulomatous Interstitial Pneumonia

Nitrofurantoin-induced lung toxicity is relatively common, but rare histologic patterns sometimes occur that may make diagnosis difficult. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman taking prophylactic nitrofurantoin for urinary tract infections, who developed granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. She improved with cessation of nitrofurantoin, without other therapy. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia associated with nitrofurantoin, and the first to show complete resolution with cessation of the drug alone, without steroids. It is important to recognize that idiosyncratic reactions to nitrofurantoin can produce a wide spectrum of histologic patterns. Of these patterns, granulomatous interstitial pneumonia is a rarely evidenced manifestation (possibly because few cases undergo a confirmatory lung biopsy). Recognition of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia as a manifestation of nitrofurantoin toxicity can aid in early identification of the reaction and prompt withdrawal of the drug, both of which are essential to prevent long-term complications.
New paradigms for physician-industry relations: Overview and application for SVS members

Relationships between physicians and their industry partners have ranged from spectacular collaborations that produce extraordinary advances in patient care, such as endovascular aneurysm repair, to humiliating scandals such as extravagant trips and bogus "consulting" agreements resulting in legal actions. It is the latter which have led many to call for the end of all physician-industry relationships, and the former which mandate their preservation. While these two examples are representative of extremes at each end of the spectrum of this issue, in reality the majority of physician-industry relationships are far more complex, and the line between appropriate and inappropriate, and ethical and unethical, is hard to draw. The benefits of our relationships with industry are many: partnering to develop new therapies and technologies, educating and training physicians around new therapies and technologies, support of continuing medical education (CME), fellowship training, and patient education. The pitfall and danger of this relationship is that support from industry, be it a meal, a pen, an educational grant, or flattery, may unduly and inappropriately influence physician decision making around a specific company's product. While it is clear that free trips are not within the realm of proper interaction, what about unrestricted educational grants to institutions, or support of CME activities, professional society meetings, and new device training? As a result of the intense scrutiny of relationships between physicians and industry recently, multiple diverse entities (Association of American Medical Colleges, American Medical Association, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, professional medical associations, academic medical centers, industry, and government) have generated guidelines and policies with very different perspectives, reflective of their different missions. These policies range from vague and lenient, with only basic limitation of the physician-industry relationship, to extremely rigid and strict, with only minimal interaction and mission support permitted. Given the many changes in oversight and expectations for the relationship between physicians and industry, it is important for vascular surgeons to be aware of the background behind these modifications, the evidence that they are needed, and the positions of the diverse organizations and institutions that have already defined their policies on this issue.