cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The electric dipole moment of W-boson

Abstract Theoretical predictions of the electric dipole moment Dw of the W gauge boson are estimated for various models of CP-violation. It is shown that, for the supersymmetric model and the Weinberg-Higgs model, Dw can be of the order of 10−20 e cm, which is close to the upper bound derived indirectly from the neutron electric dipole moment. We also obtain smaller Dw-values of about 10−22 e cm and less than 10−38 e cm, predicted by the left-right model and the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) model, respectively.
Mechanisms for deep water renewal in Lake Nitinat, a permanently anoxic fjord

Abstract Major deep water renewals, manifest by fish kills, were investigated. Meteorological and hydrographic observations of Lake Nitinat were made to separate the factors influencing renewal processes. Regional, below average precipitation was found to be primarily responsible for renewals of 10–30% of the deep water volume between July 1968 and October 1970.
Crystal structure of Escherichia coli ArnA (PmrI) decarboxylase domain. A key enzyme for lipid A modification with 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose and polymyxin resistance.

Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can modify the structure of lipid A in their outer membrane with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N). Such modification results in resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system and antibiotics such as polymyxin. ArnA is a key enzyme in the lipid A modification pathway, and its deletion abolishes both the Ara4N-lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance. ArnA is a bifunctional enzyme. It can catalyze (i) the NAD+-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-4-keto-arabinose and (ii) the N-10-formyltetrahydrofolate-dependent formylation of UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose. We show that the NAD+-dependent decarboxylating activity is contained in the 360 amino acid C-terminal domain of ArnA. This domain is separable from the N-terminal fragment, and its activity is identical to that of the full-length enzyme. The crystal structure of the ArnA decarboxylase domain from ...
Stress in Triple-Row Riveted Lap Joints Under the Influence of Specific Factors

Effects of fastener clearance fit, friction coefficient, and corrosion pillowing on the stress state in triple-row riveted lap joints were studied numerically using three-dimensional finite element methods. The material elastoplastic constitutive relationship and geometric nonlinear properties, as well as nonlinear contact boundary conditions, were included in the numerical simulations. The numerical modeling was validated using experimental measurements of the rivet driven-head deformation and in situ strains. The lap joints were loaded in tension after riveting. Three different clearance fits, three different friction coefficients, and four corrosion-pillowing conditions were analyzed. The stress variations along prescribed paths and full-field contours of the maximum principal stress on joint faying surfaces during the tensile loading stage were investigated. Insightful results of the stress state in riveted lap joints were obtained, which could effectively explain the phenomena observed from joint fatigue tests. The phenomena include 1) the potential major factor to cause the joint fatigue-life scatter, 2) crack-nucleation site location in the top rivet-hole vicinity on the outer-sheet faying surface for the noncorroded joints, and 3) the occurrence of themultiplesite damages in aged and corroded lap joints.
On the nuclear I · L potential

Abstract Formulae are given for calculating the I · L (target spin) potential arising from single nucleon exchange effects and the nucleon-projectile two-body spin-orbit force. An estimate of the strength of this potential is made for the scattering of 4 He from 9 Be and 59 Co. While the effects arising from single nucleon exchange are found to be much more important than those arising from the two-body spin-orbit force, neither mechanism is sufficiently important to explain the experimental data.
Coexistence of type I atrial flutter and intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients with surgically corrected congenital heart disease

OBJECTIVES This study assessed the coexistence of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia (IART) and isthmus-dependent atrial flutter (IDAF) in patients presenting with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after surgical correction of congenital heart disease (CHD). BACKGROUND In patients with CHD, atrial tachyarrhythmias may result from IART or IDAF. The frequency with which IART and IDAF coexist is not well defined. METHODS Both IDAF and IART were diagnosed in 16 consecutive patients using standard criteria and entrainment mapping. Seven patients had classic atrial flutter morphology on surface electrocardiogram (ECG), whereas nine had atypical morphology. RESULTS A total of 24 circuits were identified. Three patients had IDAF only, five had IART only, seven had both, and one had a low right atrial wall tachycardia that could not be entrained. Twenty-two different reentry circuits were ablated. Successful ablation was accomplished in 13 of 14 (93%) IART and 9 of 10 (90%) IDAF circuits. There was one IART recurrence. The slow conduction zone involved the region of the right atriotomy scar in 12 of 14 (86%) IART circuits. No procedural complications and no further recurrences were seen after a mean follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Both IDAF and IART are the most common mechanisms of atrial re-entrant tachyarrhythmias in patients with surgically corrected CHD, and they frequently coexist. The surface ECG is a poor tool for identifying patients with coexistent arrhythmias. The majority of IART circuits involve the lateral right atrium and may be successfully ablated by creating a lesion extending to the inferior vena cava.
Public Theology and ‘The Fragment’: Duncan Forrester, David Tracy, and Walter Benjamin

AbstractPublic theologians as diverse as Duncan Forrester and David Tracy have pointed to ‘the fragment’ as a useful and timely form of theological reflection. This article considers the possibility of the fragmentary form for public theology by complementing the suggestions of Forrester and Tracy with Walter Benjamin’s critical philosophy of history. Benjamin’s use of the fragment as a genre of expression reflects a desire to retrieve history without perpetuating history’s oppressive tendencies. Public theologians suspicious of these tendencies would do well not only to emulate Benjamin’s fragmentary style but to understand and embrace the philosophical reflections driving it. After summarizing the turn to the fragment in Forrester and Tracy, this article continues with a consideration of Benjamin, highlighting the possibilities for liberation and critique in a public theology dependent on his philosophy.
Is it feasible to determine the bonding charge density of stoichiometric γ-TiAl through structure factor measurements?

Abstract All the experimental methods for the measurement of structure factors are reviewed with emphasis on determining the electron charge-density distributions of intermetallic alloys, in particular γ-TiAl. The techniques discussed include X-ray diffraction, X-ray pendellosung methods, γ-ray diffraction and high-energy electron diffraction (intersecting Kikuchi line, critical voltage and convergent-beam rocking-curve procedures). All these methods (except for electron diffraction) require high-quality single crystals which seem impossible to prepare for equiatomic γ-TiAl. However, the critical-voltage electron diffraction measurements presented in this work indicate that the 001, 110, 111, 200, 002, 220 and 202 structure factor amplitudes of stoichiometric γ-TiAl can be determined with sufficient accuracy for a charge-density study provided that great care is taken.
Object discrimination by rats: the role of frontal and hippocampal systems in retention and reversal.

Abstract The present experiment was designed to determine whether the reversal deficit in nonspatial discrimination tasks following frontal or hippocampal system damage was a result of the spatial components of those tasks, or a general reversal deficit. Rats were trained to choose between two objects based on the stimulus characteristics of the objects themselves; neither the absolute location of the objects in the test arena nor the position of the objects with respect to the rat accurately predicted the correct choice. Rats with either frontal cortex or fimbria-fornix lesions performed worse than controls in both postoperative retention and reversal of the object discrimination. The performance of rats with frontal cortex damage was impaired during the first two postoperative reversals; but not during subsequent reversals. The performance of rats with fornix lesions was impaired only on the first postoperative reversal. These data demonstrate that the nonspatial reversal impairment following damage to either the frontal cortical or hippocampal systems is the result of a general reversal deficit, and is not due to the spatial components of nonspatial tasks.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray crystallographic studies of the outer membrane cytochrome OmcA from Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1

The outer membrane cytochrome OmcA functions as a terminal metal reductase in the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The ten-heme centers shuttle electrons from the transmembrane donor complex to extracellular electron acceptors. Here, the crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of OmcA are reported. Crystals of OmcA were grown by the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion method using PEG 20 000 as a precipitant. The OmcA crystals belonged to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 93.0, b = 246.0, c = 136.6 A, α = 90, β = 97.8, γ = 90°. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 3.25 A.
Understanding the 3D layout of a cluttered room from multiple images

We present a novel framework for robustly understanding the geometrical and semantic structure of a cluttered room from a small number of images captured from different viewpoints. The tasks we seek to address include: i) estimating the 3D layout of the room - that is, the 3D configuration of floor, walls and ceiling; ii) identifying and localizing all the foreground objects in the room. We jointly use multiview geometry constraints and image appearance to identify the best room layout configuration. Extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that our estimation results are more complete and accurate in estimating 3D room structure and recognizing objects than alternative state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we show an augmented reality mobile application to highlight the high accuracy of our method, which may be beneficial to many computer vision applications.
A history of high‐temperature Io volcanism: February 1995 to May 1997

Ground-based observations of Io's infrared thermal emission between February 1995 and May 1997 show several discrete brightenings for which we can constrain locations, fluxes, and durations. Several of these were brief high-temperature events, with temperatures up to at least 1500 K, similar to but often smaller than the rare “outbursts” seen previously. Loki, Io's most powerful volcano, was relatively active before and probably during Galileo's December 1995 Io flyby, was faint during most of 1996, and began a major, long-lived brightening between February 20 and March 12 1997. Thermal emission was not seen from Ra Patera, site of an active plume in Galileo images. Major outbursts were seen on March 2nd and September 27 1995.
Performance persistence in entrepreneurship

Abstract This paper presents evidence of performance persistence in entrepreneurship. We show that entrepreneurs with a track record of success are much more likely to succeed than first-time entrepreneurs and those who have previously failed. In particular, they exhibit persistence in selecting the right industry and time to start new ventures. Entrepreneurs with demonstrated market timing skill are also more likely to outperform industry peers in their subsequent ventures. This is consistent with the view that if suppliers and customers perceive the entrepreneur to have market timing skill, and is therefore more likely to succeed, they will be more willing to commit resources to the firm. In this way, success breeds success and strengthens performance persistence.
Parallel computing for adaptive multi-cellular gene network modeling

Understanding how gene regulatory networks, which adapt to changing environment at the single-cell level, define cell population behavior via self-organization is an interesting yet challenging research topic. Previously, we have shown that such self-organizing multi-cellular behavior can be modeled and predicted by an adaptive gene network model. In the natural world, many (including biological) events are happening simultaneously and parallel computing is better suited for modeling real world phenomena, compared to serial computing. In this article, it is suggested that a parallel computing scheme, which represents individual cells as high performance computing nodes, can be a useful tool for simulating self-organizing multi-cellular behavior in a more realistic way.
Impedance of small obstacles and rough surfaces

We calculate the longitudinal impedance for small obstacles of arbitrary shape located on the surface of a round perfectly conducting pipe. Calculations are carried out in a small-angle approximation that assumes a smallness of the angle between the surface of the obstacle and the unperturbed surface of the pipe. As an illustration of the accuracy of this approach, we compare the impedance of the triangular mask and an ellipsoidal protrusion in small-angle approximation with a more general result known from the literature. We also apply our theory to the calculation of the impedance due to the roughness of the wall surface in terms of the spectral function characterizing statistical properties of the microscopic surface landscape.
Edentulous vestibuloplasty using the palatal graft technique

Abstract The vestibuloplasty procedure using the palatal mucosal technique is a predictable treatment with minimal relapse. The tissue is harmonious with the oral environment and is capable of resisting stress. Careful postsurgical management is essential to the success of the entire procedure. If basic principles are followed, then a sound foundation is provided that gives the patient the opportunity to wear complete dentures successfully.
Analysis of the HCl Bands

Wave-numbers for the two isotopes of hydrogen chloride in the bands at 3.5\ensuremath{\mu} and 1.76\ensuremath{\mu} have been fitted to formulae cubic in the rotational quantum number. From these formulae the constants of the molecule have been determined in accordance with the energy expression for the rotating dipole as derived by means of wave mechanics.
CAN ENHANCEMENT BE DISTINGUISHED FROM PREVENTION IN GENETIC MEDICINE

In discussions of the ethics of human gene therapy, it has become standard to draw a distinction between the use of human gene transfer techniques to treat health problems and their use to enhance or improve normal human traits. Some dispute the normative force of this distinction by arguing that it is undercut by the legitimate medical use of human gene transfer techniques to prevent disease-such as genetic engineering to bolster immune function, improve the efficiency of DNA repair, or add cellular receptors to capture and process cholesterol. If disease prevention is a proper goal of medicine, these critics argue, and the use of gene transfer techniques to enhance human health maintenance capacities will help achieve that goal, then the "treatment/enhancement" distinction cannot define the limits of legitimate gene therapy. In this paper, I argue that a line can be drawn between prevention and enhancement for gene therapy (and thus between properly medical and nonmedical uses of gene therapy), but only if one is willing to accept two rather old-fashioned claims: 1) Some health problems are best understood as if they were entities in their own right, reifiable as processes or parts in a biological system, with at least as much ontological objectivity and theoretical significance as the functions that they inhibit. 2) Legitimate preventive genetic health care should be limited to efforts to defend people from attack by these more robust pathological entities, rather than changing their bodies to evade social injustices.
New electrochemical sensors for oxygen determination

Abstract Oxygen sensors which can operate in wider oxygen pressure and temperature ranges than currently used stabilized zirconia-based oxygen sensors are described. Strontium fluoride-lanthanum fluoride solid solution electrolytes have higher conductivities than zirconia and, when dispersed with an oxide phase, can operate at lower temperatures and oxygen partial pressures than zirconia-based oxygen sensors. Other potential electrolyte materials for low oxygen partial pressure applications are some very stable perovskite oxides, which are pure oxide-ion conductors at lower oxygen partial pressures than stabilized zirconia. In high-temperature aggressive environments, the lifetime of zirconia-based oxygen sensors can be extended through the use of a non-isothermal sensor, in which the temperature of the reference electrode is reduced.
Physiological and behavioral indicants of activation.

The present study demonstrates that various central and peripheral physiological variables are similarly altered by experimentally induced changes in activation while being dissimilarly altered during the course of a trial by unknown factors. That is, both general and specific physiological changes are demonstrated in a single experiment. Activation level was experimentally altered by having S (a) react to light flashes under threat of shock, (b) react to flashes without any such threat, and (c) passively observe light flashes. Evoked cortical potentials, heart rate, skin conductance, and muscular tension were similarly affected by these experimental conditions, but the variables showed differential changes over time. It was concluded that these physiological processes simultaneously reflect both generalized arousal and directionally fractionated activity.
Biological Control of Melanaspis Obscura on Oaks in Northern California

In 1988, Encarsia aurantii (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was introduced into northern California to control an isolated infestation of obscure scale, Melanaspis obscura (Comstock) (Coccoidea: Diaspididae), on native and exotic oaks (Quercus spp.) in Sacramento’s Capitol Park. By 2002, there was no longer any need for chemical control of the scale (i.e., complete biological control). Both parasite and host are univoltine; peak emergence of adult parasites coincides with the peak of newly settled, first-instar scales. Increase of the parasite and concomitant decline of the scale from 1992 to 2004 are documented for one native and one exotic oak tree. During spring of 2004, mean density of female scales (based on 100 twigs per tree) on 12 previously infested oak trees was generally low, ranging from <1 (eight trees) to ∼15 (single tree) scales/twig. Mean percentage parasitization (per twig) ranged from ∼30 to ∼85%, and was density independent (spatial context) for each of five trees. Two refuges for the scale population were noted: some scale crawlers settled and developed under the parental scale cover (spatial refuge) and some female scales continued to produce crawlers into late summer and early fall, when adult parasites were no longer available (temporal refuge). This case illustrates how an introduction strategy (i.e., single-species release of E. aurantii), which was derived from an analysis of the parasite guild of the pest, was executed in the field and ultimately led to successful biological control.
Soil carbon change and net energy associated with biofuel production on marginal lands: a regional modeling perspective.

The use of marginal lands for biofuel production has been proposed as a promising solution for meeting biofuel demands while avoiding food–feed–fuel conflicts. However, uncertainty surrounds whether marginal lands can be reliably located, as well as their inherent biofuel potential and the possible environmental impacts. We developed a quantitative approach that integrates high-resolution land cover and land productivity to classify productive croplands and nonarable marginal lands in a nine-county region in southern Michigan. The classified lands were then examined with the spatially explicit modeling framework using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to estimate net energy (NE) and soil organic carbon (SOC) changes associated with the cultivation of different annual and perennial production systems. Simulation results suggest that biofuel production systems underperform on marginal lands when compared to productive croplands. However, we found perennial grasses could perform better than annual crops. Hence, when growing perennial bioenergy crops on marginal lands instead of productive croplands, less additional land (about 0.09 ha per each hectare planted) would be needed to achieve the same NE than if growing annual bioenergy crops (additional 0.17 ha per hectare planted). Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) can produce 112.43 and 74.61 GJ ha -1 yr -1 NE, respectively, and have the potential to sequester, on average, 0.59 and 0.23 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 SOC, respectively. Notably, simulation results indicate substantial variability of the NE and SOC storage potential across the study region. Thus, although perennial energy crops are promising options for biofuel production on marginal lands, given the large spatial variability, regional- and site-specific management strategies are required for sustainable biofuel production.
Aircraft observations of extreme ozone concentrations near thunderstorms

Abstract Anomalously large short-term ozone concentrations were observed on several occasions by aircraft during an experiment on 5 August 1980 to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the Baltimore urban plume. The ozone ‘spikes’ of about 500 ppb were traversed by aircraft in less than 30 s (travel distance of less than 2 km). Analysis of these and ancillary data suggest that the ozone spikes may have resulted from ozone production by chemical reactions activated by lightning associated with thunderstorms.
Experimental Research on Grindability of Aluminum Alloy

The grinding process of aluminum alloy is introduced in the paper and carried out experiment. The material is removed from the workpiece by fixed abrasives and scratching the surface to be finished in grinding process. In order to increase machining accuracy and efficiency, it is necessary to analyze the machining parameters of grinding process. The emphasis is the effect of machining parameters on roughness of surface and mass loss of workpiece by a set of experiments in this paper.
Non-equilibrium Wall Deposition of Inertial Particles in Turbulent Flow

Non-equilibrium effects resulting from the slow relaxation of inertial particles to statistical equilibrium with flow fluctuations in turbulence are known to have important consequences, but they are not readily incorporated into models. Here, a simple analysis of these effects predicts −2/3 power-law dependence of the particle deposition rate on Stokes number (normalized particle inertia) in the far field of a confined turbulent flow, and a weaker near-field dependence. Near-field measurements and numerical simulations exhibit this weaker dependence, as do models that are generally viewed as validated by this result, but the models fail to capture the newly identified far-field behavior due to their equilibrium assumptions. Quantification of these qualitative observations is obtained by incorporating particle response to fluid motion into ‘one-dimensional turbulence’ (ODT), a stochastic computational model of turbulence.
Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma: the diagnostic limitations of preoperative fine-needle aspiration and intraoperative frozen section evaluation.

Objective Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and frozen section (FS) have been widely reported in the literature as having high sensitivity in the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma. With the increased recognition of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), several reports have pointed out the difficulty in diagnosing this variant of papillary carcinoma owing to its overlapping cytomorphological features with benign and malignant follicular lesions. We undertook this study to determine the sensitivity of FNA and FS in the diagnosis of FVPTC. Methods Retrospective review of patients who underwent thyroidectomy from June 1994 to June 1999. Of the 63 patients found with a final pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, only 47 had an adequate FNA and FS and were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups, the usual type (n = 23) and the follicular variant (n = 24) of papillary carcinoma. Sensitivities of FNA and FS for these two groups of papillary carcinoma were then determined. Results The sensitivity of the FNA was 25% and of the FS was 29% for the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. This is in contrast to the sensitivity of FNA and FS for the usual papillary carcinoma, which were 74% and 87%, respectively. Conclusion FNA and FS have low sensitivity in the diagnosis of the FVPTC. High degree of suspicion may increase the accuracy in the diagnosis of this variant of papillary carcinoma before or during surgery. However, the thyroid surgeon needs to realize that, like follicular carcinoma, FVPTC is often diagnosed only on final pathological examination.
Content Area Reading Strategy Knowledge Transfer From Preservice to First-Year Teaching

Using interviews and 10 weeks of consecutive lesson plans with supporting documentation, the author analyzes four first-year teachers' assigned in-class and out-of-class reading assignments and their choices and uses of reading strategies they learned in their preservice program. تلخيص البحث: يحلل المؤلف الواجبات المنزلية القرائية داخل الصف وخارجه لدى أربعة معلمين في سنتهم الأولى من العمل واختياراتهم في الاستراتيجيات القرائية وتنفيذاتها التي قد تعلموها في برنامجهم الذي قام قبل الخدمة باستخدام مقابلات والخطط الدراسية التي نفذوها عبر عشرة أسابيع متتالية مع مستندات تدعيمية. 本文作者使用访谈和10個星期的连续课堂教案及其有关的支援文档等研究资料，分析四名正在修读第一年职前训练课程的教师所要做的课堂内与课堂外阅读作业，以及他们如何選擇及如何运用所学到的阅读策略。 En utilisant des entretiens et des plans de lecons consecutives avec support documentaire pour 10 semaines, l'auteur analyse quatre enseignants nommes en premiere annee quant aux lectures qu'ils prescrivent en classe et hors de la classe, ainsi que les choix et l'usage qu'ils font des strategies de lecture qu'ils ont apprises dans leur programme de formation initiale. На основе интервью с четырьмя молодыми учительницами, а также их поурочных планов за 10 недель и сопутствующих раздаточных материалов, автор анализирует задания по чтению, которые они дают своим ученикам в классе и на дом, а также то, как они используют методы обучения чтению, с которыми познакомились в университете. Haciendo entrevistas y examinando 10 semanas consecutivas de planes de lecciones con su documentacion de apoyo, la autora analiza las tareas de lecturas asignadas por cuatro maestras de primer grado–tanto dentro como fuera del salon de clase–y las estrategias de lectura que prefieren y usan de las que aprendieron durante su tiempo de preservicio.
Risk of Intracranial Pathologic Conditions Requiring Emergency Intervention After a First Complex Febrile Seizure Episode Among Children

OBJECTIVE. To determine the likelihood of intracranial pathologic conditions requiring emergency neurosurgical or medical intervention among children without meningitis who presented to the pediatric emergency department after a first complex febrile seizure. METHODS. We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for children in neurologically normal condition who presented to a single pediatric emergency department after a first complex febrile seizure (focal, multiple, or prolonged). The complex febrile seizure classification was determined independently by 2 epileptologists. The presence of intracranial pathologic conditions was determined through review of neuroimaging results, telephone interviews, or medical record review. RESULTS. Data for 71 children with first complex febrile seizures were analyzed. Fifty-one (72%) had a single complex feature (20 focal, 22 multiple, and 9 prolonged), and 20 (28%) had multiple complex features. None of the 71 patients (1-sided 95% confidence interval: 4%) had intracranial pathologic conditions that required emergency neurosurgical or medical intervention. CONCLUSIONS. For children with first complex febrile seizures, the risk of intracranial pathologic conditions that require emergency neurosurgical or medical intervention is low, which suggests that routine emergency neuroimaging for this population is unnecessary.
MR imaging of annular pancreas

The appearance of annular pancreas on magnetic resonance (MR) images is described in a 14-year-old boy with pancreatitis and incomplete pancreas divisum. The presence of the coexisting abnormalities complicated the interpretation of an upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomographic (CT) study. MR imaging was useful as a problem-solving technique to supplement the conventional imaging tests.
A Cold Fabry-Perot Spectrometer

Design considerations are discussed for a ground-based high-resolution scanning spectrometer in which thermal background radiation to the detector is reduced to the level of the detector NEP by cooling the interferometers to liquid nitrogen temperature.
Distribution of copper smelter emissions in Southeastern Arizona : using honey mesquite as a bioindicator

Honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), a representative species of the Sonoran Desert ecosystem, was studied as a possible bioindicator for industrial smelter pollution. Samples from soils, leaves and bark were collected along distance and elevation gradients from the largest operating copper smelter in Arizona and analyzed for element concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, Ti, Mn, Al, Mg, Cs, Sm, Ce, U, Th, Yb, As, La, Hf, Sb, Sc, V, In, W, Ba, Br, K, Na, Cl and Au. Depending on the sample type — soil, leaf or bark — between 5 and 15 elements were identified as smelter immissions. Two distinct covariate element groups formed in samples from the study site could be related to the chemistry of different smelting processes. A common atmospheric transport pattern was found to exist for the smelter emittants Cu, Sb and As over long distances. The identification and specification of smelter immissions in honey mesquite makes this tree a well-suited bioindicator for industrial smelter pollution.
Parameters of subsurface brines and hydrothermal processes 12–15 months after the 1999 magmatic event at the Main Endeavor Field as inferred from in situ time series measurements of chloride and temperature

[1] Phase separation at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems is a widely distributed frequently occurring process. It is highly sensitive to dynamic subsurface pressure and temperature conditions and has a significant impact on chloride concentrations of hydrothermal fluid. Although vapor phases produced by phase separation are observed in a variety of hydrothermal settings, observation of conjugate brines that must be produced concurrently are more rare and the fate of subsurface brines is still not well understood. Here we use an array of in situ chloride sensors deployed at the Main Endeavor Field on the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the wake of a magmatic event to monitor the behavior of hydrothermal vent effluent with high temporal resolution. Our results provide evidence of near-critical chloride depleted fluids within the crust up to 486 m beneath the seafloor. We estimate that a brine reservoir stored beneath the Main Endeavor Field is constrained to temperatures between 131°C and 326°C for chloride concentrations ranging from 6 to 25 Wt.% NaCl, respectively. Our data suggest that subsurface fluids and circulation pathways vary widely over spatial scales on the order of meters. Under these circumstances, simultaneous measurements of multiple fluid parameters at a high temporal resolution are essential to understanding subsurface hydrothermal processes associated with magmatic events.
Can landscape-level ecological restoration influence fire risk? A spatially-explicit assessment of a northern temperate-southern boreal forest landscape

Management strategies to restore forest landscapes are often designed to concurrently reduce fire risk. However, the compatibility of these two objectives is not always clear, and uncoordinated management among landowners may have unintended consequences. We used a forest landscape simulation model to compare the effects of contemporary management and hypothetical restoration alternatives on fire risk in northern temperate and southern boreal forests of the Border Lakes Region in Minnesota, USA, and Ontario, Canada. Six main model scenarios simulated different combinations of timber harvest, fire exclusion, wildland fire use, and prescribed fire. Mean fire risk values were calculated as a function of high risk fuel type occurrence, fire events, and windthrow events over model time, and were compared among scenarios and among major management areas. Our model results indicate that a continuation of contemporary management, with limited wildland fire use, would increase fire risk over time and lead to greater continuity of high-risk fuel types in parks and wilderness areas. Compared to the contemporary management scenario, greater use of wildland fire in a historical natural disturbance scenario and three alternative restoration scenarios resulted in less spatially aggregated high-risk fuels over time and lower long-term fire risk in parks and wilderness. Outside of parks and wilderness, prescribed fire with logging was effective at reducing fire risk on portions of the landscape in two restoration scenarios, largely by maintaining deciduous tree dominance and fire-tolerant red and white pine stands, and timber harvest alone maintained patches of less fire-prone deciduous forests in some scenarios. However, forest restoration and fire risk objectives were not always compatible, especially when restoration of fire-prone forest conflicted with the goal of reducing risk of large, severe fires. Both fire risk reduction and forest restoration objectives will benefit from spatially coordinated, landscape-level planning among landowners.
Normative Information Qualities: A Contrast Between Information‐Economics and FASB Perspectives

The goals of this paper are (1) to develop a hierarchy of normative information qualities (NIQs) that operates at the level of the individual in an assumed information-economics (IE) setting, and (2) to contrast the FASB (1980) hierarchy of NIQs with the related IE hierarchy. In this context, the IE hierarchy is meant to reflect qualities which make an information system useful to the individual and contains the NIQs of signal relevance, cost effectiveness, act selectivity, state-predictive ability, reliability, representational faithfulness, timeliness, and understandability. With respect to goal (2), the analysis reveals numerous areas of both agreement and disagreement between the two hierarchies. Significantly, the investigation indicates that the two frameworks are more similar than might have been expected although numerous differences also exist. These similarities and differences are important because different policy decisions may flow from different sets of NIQs.
Simultaneous measurement of absorption and circular dichroism in a synchrotron spectrometer

Abstract We describe a method for simultaneously measuring the absorption spectrum and circular dicroism (CD) of a sample in a spectrometer that employs a transparent window photomultiplier detector. During the spectral scan, the computer control system simultaneously monitors the CD signal, the high voltage applied to the detector and the current in the storage ring. A servo-control system maintains the detector current at a constant value during the scan by varying the applied high voltage. The logarithm of the photomultiplier gain is calculated from the value of the high voltage using the predetermined characteristics of the tube. The gain value is corrected for the decrease of the storage ring current with time. During a single spectral scan, the computer generates a pseudo-absorption spectrum, which is the sum of the absorbance of the sample and of various wavelength-dependent system parameters. An absolute absorption spectrum is produced when the pseudo-absorption spectrum of a “blank” sample is subtracted from the desired sample spectrum. Absorption spectra measured by this method agree with spectra obtained with a double-beam spectrophotometer.
Combined fixed prosthesis and segmental osteotomy of the maxilla: report of case.

Fixed prosthesis combined with a small segmental osteotomy can achieve good results when attempts at fixed bridgework fail. Fixed prosthesis was combined with a small segmental osteotomy to achieve good functional and esthetic results when two prior attempts at fixed bridgework had failed because of abutment position. The osteotomy was performed with local anesthesia and intravenous sedation, and postoperative splinting was achieved by temporary fixed bridgework. Hospitalization was not required.
Early adolescent romantic relationships and maternal approval among inner city Latino families.

Latino youth are at high risk for acquiring HIV during adolescence. The present study documented the nature of adolescent romantic relationships among 702 Latino eighth grade students and their mothers in the Bronx, NY. The study examined adolescent romantic relationships, the association between participation in such relationships and intentions to engage in sexual risk behavior, and maternal influences on adolescent’s involvement in intimate behaviors in romantic relationships. Almost 50% of youth had been in a romantic relationship, which typically lasted 3–3.5 months. Mothers tended to approve of intimate behaviors and sexual activity in romantic relationships more so for males than females. Latino youth tended to underestimate maternal disapproval of a range of intimate behaviors, and the correlations between perceived and actual maternal approval were generally low in magnitude. Finally, maternal orientations towards their adolescent engaging in romantic relationships were associated with their child’s intentions to have sexual intercourse in the future.
Black Supporters of Racial Profiling A Demographic Profile

As an anomaly of extant literature that maintains Blacks as a collective are less supportive of racial profiling than other ethnic groups, this article explores the backgrounds of Blacks who support the practice of racial profiling (referred to as Black Supporters). This study analyzed a national Gallup poll that included measures on profiling and had a significant number of Black respondents (N = 534). Black Supporters tended to be female; live in the Southern United States; and be politically conservative. Although multivariate analyses revealed few differences between Black Supporters and nonsupporters, the study represents an earnest attempt to explore Black support for a policing strategy that has both historically and contemporarily had negative effects on Black communities. We conclude the article by discussing the benefits of studying Black Supporters.
Effect of sputtering current on the growth of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O films

Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O (YBCO) films were grown on (100)MgO and (100)Si substrates by the high‐pressure dc diode sputtering process. The target was a Y1Ba2Cu3Ox compound, made by a solid‐state reaction. The sputtering gas was Ar‐50% O2 and the total pressure was 1.5 Torr. As‐deposited superconducting YBCO films can be prepared at low substrate temperatures (420 °C) with a high discharge current. The phases of the as‐deposited films strongly relate to the discharge current and substrate temperature. The high concentration of active species (excited atoms and ions) in the plasma during deposition is the main factor that permits superconducting YBCO films to be formed at such low substrate temperatures.
Victorian Growth: A Rejoinder

It should be noted that the pattern, allowing for the differences in dates chosen for comparison, is similar to that in my original calculation and in Aldcroft's calculations. We are not disagreeing about the evidence but about its interpretation. The issue can be put as follows: if for purposes of description one wishes to distinguish two periods within each of which a single rate of growth in total productivity is supposed to obtain, what year should be chosen to separate the two periods ? That is, between which periods is the difference between the average rates of growth most significant, in the statistical sense of "significant" ? Aldcroft believes that it is "almost certain" that the periods should break in I 890, whereas I believe, in the words of my article, that "given the uncertainties of the data ... the most precise defensible statement is that there was little cause for alarm in the 1 The source for these figures, as for Aldcroft's Table 2, is app. Table 2o in C. H. Feinstein, National Income, Expenditure and Output in the United Kingdom, I 855-1965 (Cambridge, I 9772). I have subtracted the annual rate of change of fixed reproducible capital .per man, multiplied by capital's share in domestic product (assumed to be o 4 throughout on the basis of a rough adjustment for the capital component of Feinstein's estimates of income from self-employment and income from land rents), from the annual rate of change of gross domestic product per man. The reported statistics are averages of these annual figures. The choice of peaks in the business cycle is W. W. Rostow's (his major peaks, in which "conditions of virtually full employment were reached") in his British Economy of the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, I 948), P. 33.
The role of the northern regional research center in the development of quality control procedures for fats and oils

The research laboratory has played a major role in the development of quality control procedures for edible fats and oils. Historically, development of these methods can be traced in part to the need for basic information on the composition, processing and flavor stability of edible soybean oil. The Northern Regional Research Center pioneered much of this basic work. This review will address the contributions made by the Northern Center in developing quality control procedures for edible fats and oils.
Triton X-100 in Giemsa Staining of Blood Parasites

The effects of a surface active agent, Triton X-100, were studied in the routine Giemsa staining of seven blood parasites: Plasmodium vivax, Trypanosoma cruzi, T. lewisi, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii, and microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis and of Wuchereria bancrofti. Concentrations of Triton X-100 ranging from 0.01% to 0.5% were used in staining (a) both thick and thin blood films of all organisms except L. donovani, (b) tissue smears of L. donovani, and (c) tissue and peritoneal fluid smears of T. gondii. In general, the addition of the detergent to the Giemsa solution resulted in cleaner preparations and better stained organisms. Morphological details were more distinct, thus facilitating microscopical detection and identification of species. The most beneficial concentration of Triton X-100 was found to be 0.1%. Since it has a hemolytic effect on erythrocytes, concentrations above 0.01% cannot be used in staining thin blood films. It is suggested also that the use of Triton-Giemsa may help...
The brush wheel sampler — A sampling device for small-body touch-and-go missions

The recent planetary science decadal survey identified sample return from a comet as a major goal of the study of primitive solar system bodies. The survey identified a comet surface sample return mission as one of the candidates for a New Frontiers class mission. A touch-and-go (TAG) mission architecture where the spacecraft would maneuver close to the small body surface, a sampling device on the end of a robotic arm would acquire the sample in a few seconds, and then the spacecraft would retreat from the small body is a suitable architecture to achieve the candidate mission objectives. The brush wheel sampler (BWS) has been shown to be an effective sampling device for possible TAG missions to small bodies. This paper describes the technology development and test results of the BWS over the past several years.
Comparison of the Results of Cemented, Porous-ingrowth, and Threaded Acetabular Cup Fixation A Meta-analysis of the Orthopaedic Literature

A meta-analysis of the orthopaedic literature was performed to evaluate the clinical performance of cementless, threaded acetabular cups. The hypothesis for the study was that the clinical performance of the cementless, threaded acetabular cup is equivalent to that of the cemented and porous-ingrowth acetabular cups. Ninety-five articles were included in the study. There were 1,269 cases in the threaded cup group, 1,979 in the porous control group, and 10,230 in the cemented control group. The primary outcome variable tested was the rate of aseptic loosening of the acetabular components as measured by the revision rates following the index total hip arthroplasty procedure. Other measures of acetabular component loosening that were analyzed included clinical rating scores, pain scores, frequency of radiolucencies according to location and size, frequency of radiolucencies as a separately defined outcome variable, progressive radiolucencies, and component migration. The threaded cup group was found to have a significantly higher rate of revision, clinical and pain score failures, progressive radiolucencies and migrations when compared with the cemented and porous control groups (P < .05). Despite the many limitations of meta-analyses and the poor state of the orthopaedic literature database, this study provides a reasonable comparison of the clinical performance of threaded acetabular cups with that of cemented and porous-ingrowth acetabular cups.
Designing Active Surface Structures to Regulate Heat Transport in Microchannels

We used three dimensional computer simulations to examine heat transport in a microchannel that encompasses a periodic array of biomimetic synthetic cilia. We modeled two different configurations of tilted cilia. Both configurations consisted of a grid of evenly spaced cilia with length L and square cross-section 0.1L×0.1L. The cilia were spaced at a distance δx between cilium rows and the inter-cilia spacing in the rows was fixed at δz = 0.25L for one configuration and δz = 0.5L for the other. The channel was filled with a viscous fluid and its top and bottom walls were maintained at different temperatures. The cilia were attached to the bottom channel wall at a specific angle and were actuated by a periodic external force applied vertically to their free ends. The periodical beating of cilia induces fluid mixing inside the fluid that facilitates heat transport. To model this multi-component system, we employed a thermal lattice Boltzmann model coupled with the lattice spring model. In order to investigate how the active cilia affect the heat transfer between the channel walls we varied three parameters in the system. Specifically, we systematically changed the tilt of the cilia, the spacing between cilia and the oscillation frequency of the cilia. Our investigations have allowed us to determine the optimal conditions for using cilia to increase the heat flux from a heated surface. Our findings could be useful for developing new methods for temperature control in microscale devices.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
FEASIBILITY OF DETERMINING ATMOSPHERIC OZONE FROM OUTGOING INFRARED ENERGY

Determining vertical distribution and total amount of atmospheric ozone from outgoing infrared radiation