cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrability of Chern-Simons-Higgs Vortex Equations and a Reduction of the Self-Dual Yang-Mills Equations to Three Dimensions

I would like to make brief presentations on two topics, both of which focus on an issue of ‘integrability’ in equations of interest in high energy physics. In my first talk, I would like to introduce the Chern-Simons-Higgs vortex equations, which describe classical solutions of a certain (2 + 1)-dimensional field theory. In flat space-time these equations are non-integrable, but in curved spacetime the ODE describing cylindrically symmetric vortices can, by correct choice of the metric, be made to be a degenerate case of the third Painleve equation, possessing rational solutions which can be written down. Remarkably, the overall features of the solutions (found numerically) for the flat spacetime case, are very similar to those found in the integrable case, suggesting that maybe the non-integrable case should be looked on as a ‘perturbation’ of the integrable case. My second talk is on the topic of a reduction of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations from four to three dimensions: there has been considerable interest recently in the self-dual Yang-Mills equations as a ‘master equation’, from which many integrable systems can be obtained by suitable reductions. Here I focus on a method to reduce to three dimensions, but the systems that emerge are really trivial generalizations of two dimensional integrable systems.
There's a whole lot of shaking going on.

Article de synthese sur les progres dans le domaine des proteines des canaux ioniques transmembranaires et de la genetique de ces proteines chez D. melanogaster et C. elegans
Activation of Spinobulbar Lamina I Neurons by Static Muscle Contraction

Spinal lamina I neurons are selectively activated by small-diameter somatic afferents, and they project to brain stem sites that are critical for homeostatic control. Because small-diameter afferen...
The role of spectral resolution, working memory, and audibility in explaining variance in susceptibility to temporal envelope distortion.

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that hearing thresholds alone cannot adequately predict listeners' success with hearing-aid amplification. Furthermore, previous studies have shown marked differences in listeners' susceptibility to distortions introduced by certain nonlinear amplification parameters. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the role of spectral resolution, working memory, and audibility in explaining perceptual susceptibility to temporal envelope and other hearing-aid compression-induced distortions for listeners with mild to moderate and moderate to severe hearing loss. RESEARCH DESIGN A between-subjects repeated-measures design was used to compare speech recognition scores with linear versus compression amplification, for listeners with mild to moderate and moderate to severe hearing loss. STUDY SAMPLE The study included 15 adult listeners with mild to moderate hearing loss and 13 adults with moderate to severe hearing loss. DATA COLLECTION/ANALYSIS Speech recognition scores were measured for vowel-consonant-vowel syllables processed with linear, moderate compression, and extreme compression amplification. Perceptual susceptibility to compression-induced temporal envelope distortion was defined as the difference in scores between linear and compression amplification. Both overall scores and consonant feature scores (i.e., place, manner, and voicing) were analyzed. Narrowband spectral resolution was measured using individual measures of auditory filter bandwidth at 2000 Hz. Working memory was measured using the reading span test. Signal audibility was quantified using the Aided Audibility Index. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictive role of spectral resolution, working memory, and audibility benefit on listeners' susceptibility to compression-induced distortions. RESULTS For all listeners, spectral resolution, working memory, and audibility benefit were significant predictors of overall distortion scores. For listeners with moderate to severe hearing loss, spectral resolution and audibility benefit predicted distortion scores for consonant place and manner of articulation features, and audibility benefit predicted distortion scores for consonant voicing features. For listeners with mild to moderate hearing loss, the model did not predict distortion scores for overall or consonant feature scores. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that when audibility is adequately controlled, measures of spectral resolution may identify the listeners who are most susceptible to compression-induced distortions. Working memory appears to modulate the negative effect of these distortions for listeners with moderate to severe hearing loss.
Biomimetic Culture Reactor for Whole-Lung Engineering

Abstract Decellularized organs are now established as promising scaffolds for whole-organ regeneration. For this work to reach therapeutic practice, techniques and apparatus are necessary for doing human-scale clinically applicable organ cultures. We have designed and constructed a bioreactor system capable of accommodating whole human or porcine lungs, and we describe in this study relevant technical details, means of assembly and operation, and validation. The reactor has an artificial diaphragm that mimics the conditions found in the chest cavity in vivo, driving hydraulically regulated negative pressure ventilation and custom-built pulsatile perfusion apparatus capable of driving pressure-regulated or volume-regulated vascular flow. Both forms of mechanical actuation can be tuned to match specific physiologic profiles. The organ is sealed in an elastic artificial pleura that mounts to a support architecture. This pleura reduces the fluid volume required for organ culture, maintains the organ's positio...
Editors’ Note Creative Thinking and Problem Solving in the Textiles and Clothing Discipline

Research connecting creative thinking and problem solving in the textiles and clothing discipline is explored in this focused issue of the Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (CTRJ). The impetus for this issue derived from a perceived lack of research in this important, yet growing field of interest. In Ha-Brookshire and Hawley’s (2014) article ‘‘Trends of research published by Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (1993-2012) and outlook for future research,’’ within the category of clothing and textiles supply chain functions, creative problem solving was the least commonly occurring published research. The authors state that ‘‘one of the key ways to satisfy humans’ clothing needs and wants is through creative new product designs, materials, displays, and/or coordination. Yet there is relatively little research that identifies new problems and offers creative solutions’’ (Ha-Brookshire & Hawley, 2014, p. 262). This issue helps fill the gap of creative-thinking and problem-solving research published in CTRJ.
The improvement of graphite reference electrode in gaseous phase

We determine the graphite as the reference electrode in the system that the protected metal is cathode and the coating with graphite is anode. We also determine the feasibility of graphite as reference electrode by a series of test. We combine the reference electrode with anode for the sake of structure's simplicity and convenience in constructing.
Community Control of Sex Offenders

There are perhaps no crimes that instill fear and rage in society like sexual offenses. This chapter will first summarize the history of contemporary sex offender registries and community management policies over the past two decades. Then, the effectiveness and impact of these laws will be described, as well as the pros and cons of residential restrictions that have emerged in an effort to protect children from sexual predators. Finally, evidence-based recommendations for registry reform will be offered that focus on narrowing the scope of registries through risk assessment, allowing more discretion to judicial decision-makers, and reducing barriers to reintegration and rehabilitation that are often unintended consequences of these laws.
Rawls, Political Liberalism and Reasonable Faith

For over twenty years, Paul Weithman has explored the thought of John Rawls to ask how liberalism can secure the principled allegiance of those people whom Rawls called 'citizens of faith'. This volume brings together ten of his major essays (including one new unpublished essay), which reflect on the task and political character of political philosophy, the ways in which liberalism does and does not privatize religion, the role of liberal legitimacy in Rawls's theory, and the requirements of public reason. The essays reveal Rawls as a thinker deeply engaged with political and existential questions that trouble citizens of faith, and explore how - in firm opposition to political realism - he tries to show that the possibility of liberal democracy and the natural goodness of humanity are objects of reasonable faith. The volume will be of interest to political philosophers, political theorists, moral theologians, and religious ethicists.
Secondary spacecraft in 2016: Why some succeed (And too many do not)

This paper updates previous reviews of secondary spacecraft. With the number of new secondary spacecraft exceeding 100 per year, it is necessary to revisit the data, to better understand the trends and make new predictions. While CubeSats are the dominant type of secondary payloads, they are not the sole focus of this work. For 2016, we will re-examine our data and previous claims using a new set of classifications. We now believe that secondary-spacecraft developers are best divided into three groups: novices, traditionalists and experimentalists. Each of these groups approaches the development and operation of rideshares in very different ways, and the mission success rates between the three groups diverge. In this paper, we will review the census data (mass, lifetime, mission category, contributing organizations). examining trends and identifying deviations from (or confirmations of) previous predictions. Our focus will be on mission success and failure. We have accumulated sufficient information to define failure rates based on the type of organization, and to identify most-likely-causes based on the mission and organization type.
Photolysis Kinetics of Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes at Ice Surfaces

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are important organic pollutants. These compounds do not undergo direct photolysis in natural waters because their absorbance spectra do not overlap with solar radiation at the Earth’s surface. Recent research has suggested that benzene is able to undergo direct photolysis when present at ice surfaces. However, the photolysis of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (TEX) at ice surfaces has not been investigated. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, photolysis rate constants were measured for TEX in water, in ice cubes, and in ice granules which reflect reactivity at ice surfaces. No photolysis was observed in water or ice cubes. Photolysis was observed in ice granules; rate constants were (4.5 ± 0.5) × 10–4 s–1 (toluene), (5.4 ± 0.3) × 10–4 s–1 (ethylbenzene), and (3.8 ± 1.2) × 10–4 s–1 (xylenes). Photolysis of TEX molecules appears to be enabled by a red shift in the absorbance spectra at ice surfaces, although photosensitization may also occur. The results s...
Confronting Rapid Change: Exploring the Practices of Educational Leaders in a Rural Boomtown

ABSTRACTHydraulic fracturing has altered the face of rural communities across the United States, creating new demands for educational leaders. This in-depth qualitative study explores how rural educational leaders in a heavily drilled community experience and respond to these challenges with a focus on increased local student transiency, homelessness, and the influx of newcomers, including English language learners. The research finds that leaders respond to transient outsider needs through a discourse of compliance and engage in contextually responsive, collaborative responses to meet the needs of community insiders. The authors find little evidence of critical place-conscious leadership in this rapidly changing social and economic context.
3-D Integration and ESD Protection: Design and Analysis

A set of design of experiments matrix was created to evaluate the possibilities of electrostatic-discharge (ESD) failures during the complex 3-D integration process as a function of the ESD protection level. A detailed set of pass/fail criteria based on circuit performance was established. Various phases of 3-D integration are monitored for ESD failures. Based on measured samples, it was observed that the functionality test and leakage test show circuit performance degradation and a larger fail rate after chip-to-chip bonding on designs without ESD protection.
Chapter 56 – 1981 Prisoner’s Dilemma

The prisoner’s dilemma is a simple game in which players have the choice of collaborating with another prisoner or defecting and helping the prison guards. This game allows the exploration of conditions in which animals might behave altruistically by collaborating with others.
Non-volatile iron carbonyls as versatile precursors for the synthesis of iron-containing nanoparticles

The most commonly used method for the formation of well-defined iron and iron-containing heterometallic nanoparticles is the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5). However, iron pentacarbonyl is highly toxic and volatile, which introduces safety concerns and drastically diminishes control over the reaction stoichiometry. Here we alleviate these issues by beginning with an easy-to-handle solid, triiron dodecacarbonyl (Fe3(CO)12). The issue of poor solubility of this cluster is addressed by its reaction with amine, which renders the cluster fully soluble in common high boiling point solvents. This reaction generates non-volatile anionic iron carbonyl species in solution which are subsequently used as the nanoparticle precursor. We demonstrate that the thermolysis of this novel precursor solution yields well-defined Fe, Fe1-xCox, and Fe1-xPtx nanoparticles. In addition, the same approach overcomes the solubility issue of another poorly soluble iron carbonyl compound, diiron nonacarbonyl (Fe2(CO)9). By using these precursors in an array of nanoparticle-forming reactions, we demonstrate a convenient replacement for the commonly used Fe(CO)5, producing particles of similar quality, but without the drawbacks of the precursor volatility and high toxicity.
Harnessing cAMP signaling in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering

This paper reviews the most recent findings in the search for small molecule cyclic AMP analogues regarding their potential use in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering.
You Have the Right to Remain a Child: The Right to Juvenile Treatment for Youth in Conflict with the Law

The growing criminalization of youth in the U.S. requires new legal approaches. This article proposes recognition of a substantive right to juvenile treatment to prevent or limit prosecutors from pushing youth into the adult criminal justice system. In making the case for a right to juvenile treatment, the article re-conceptualizes the Supreme Court’s children’s rights jurisprudence, provides a comparative international and foreign law perspective on the rights of youth and contributes to growing scholarship considering how the Court deals with difference. Other scholars have argued that Roper v. Simmons and its progeny support Eighth Amendment challenges to imposing adult sentences on youth. My article contends that Roper’s reasoning supports challenges to state laws that allow or require that youth be criminally charged as adults for offenses committed when they where under 18. Because of recognized fundamental differences between youth and adults, including youth’s evolving cognitive capacity, vulnerability to harm, and capacity to grow and develop, when a youth is charged with a criminal offense, different rules and enhanced protections are required to fully respect her or his constitutional rights. The article places the treatment of youth in conflict with the law within the broader context of Supreme Court precedents and historic U.S. legal recognition of inherent differences between youth and adults. These cases are often interpreted to hold that youth and children enjoy fewer constitutional protections. I argue that youth accused of crimes have the same constitutional rights as adults and that their youth status requires enhanced rights protections, including specialized judicial proceedings and facilities and dispositions oriented towards development and rehabilitation. To support this approach, the article includes a comprehensive summary of international law standards on the rights of the child and comparative information about the treatment of youth accused of crimes in other countries.
Vasculitis due to levamisole-adulterated cocaine

A 68-year-old woman presented with skin lesions for 1 week. She reported similar lesions 6 months before, which had resolved within a few weeks. Physical examination showed haemorrhagic lesions over forearms and face with bullae (figure 1A,B). Laboratory tests revealed pancytopaenia with neutropaenia. Antinuclear antibody, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), antiproteinase-3 (anti-PR3) and antimyeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) antibodies were positive with high titres. Complement levels were normal. Cryoglobulin and rheumatoid factor were negative. Urine toxicology screen was positive for cocaine. Skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic …
Weighted EWMA charts for monitoring type I censored Weibull lifetimes

In this article, we first propose a control chart for monitoring the Weibull scale parameter in the context of Type I censored data, assuming that the shape parameter is fixed. The proposed chart is a Shewhart-type chart based on a likelihood ratio test (LRT) that utilizes an exponentially weighted moving average of the log-likelihood. In the literature, this type of chart is called a weighted exponentially weighted moving average (WEWMA) chart. The WEWMA chart is compared with a more standard EWMA chart and a CUSUM chart, which were recently studied as alternative solutions to the monitoring problem. Numerical results show that the WEWMA chart often performs better than these two alternatives. Sensitivity studies show that the WEWMA chart is more robust to variations in batch size and censoring time. A rust-resistant example is used to illustrate the proposed WEWMA chart. We extend the WEWMA and CUSUM charts to the context where the shape parameter also needs to be monitored. Joint charts that simultaneously look for change in either parameter are proposed.
The number and function of T regulatory cells in obese atopic female asthmatics.

ABSTRACTBackground: Mechanisms underlying the association between asthma and obesity remain poorly understood. Obesity appears to be a risk factor for asthma, and obese asthmatics fare poorly compa...
Generation of Realistic Mega-City Populations and Social Networks for Agent-Based Modeling

Agent-based modeling is a means for researchers to conduct large-scale computer experiments on synthetic human populations and study their behaviors under different conditions. These models have been applied to questions regarding disease spread in epidemiology, terrorist and criminal activity in sociology, and traffic and commuting patterns in urban studies. However, developing realistic control populations remains a key challenge for the research and experimentation. Modelers must balance the need for representative, heterogeneous populations with the computational costs of developing large population sets. Increasingly these models also need to include the social network relationships within populations that influence social interactions and behavioral patterns. To address this we used a mixed method of iterative proportional fitting and network generation to build a synthesized subset population of the New York megacity and region. Our approach demonstrates how a robust population and social network relevant to specific human behavior can be synthesized for agent-based models.
Stress in remote work: two studies testing the Demand-Control-Person model

The popularity of remote work continues to rise, but uncertainty remains about how it influences employee well-being. We extend the Demand-Control-Person (DCP) model to test both person and job fac...
Marmota monax (Northeastern American woodchuck)

The classification of the element here placed as No. 11 is difficult. In some preprations (top) it appears acrocentric, in others (bottom) it is more subtelocentric.
Membrane damage in ischemia.

Our studies have evaluated the hypothesis that progressive membrane damage, particularly to the plasma membrane, is a major factor in the evolution of myocardial ischemic and hypoxic injury and in particular the conversion from reversible to irreversible injury. A proposed schema of progressive membrane injury involves sequential changes characterized by: a) altered flux and distribution of monovalent ions and water leading to loss of cellular potassium, increase in cell sodium, chloride and water, and cell swelling and edema; b) altered flux and distribution of polyvalent ions, including calcium, associated with further impairment in cellular integrity, and c) physical defects in membrane integrity in severely damaged cells [4, 28]. The first two alterations (a and b) could involve alterations in specific membrane transport systems or, conversely, non-specific changes in membrane permeability. The former catagory includes potential alterations in sodium-potassium ATPase, the slow calcium channel, the sodium-calcium exchange system, and other such specific membrane systems. Alternatively, the pathophysiologic changes could result from progressive increases in membrane fluidity and permeability induced by changes in the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane.
Thermoelastic Problems in Isotropic and Composite Plates

Plates often operate in high-temperature environments. Thermal loading can be applied instantaneously (thermal shock), as a continuous function of time or statically. Besides being a function of time, temperature may vary through the thickness or over the planform of the plate.
Aviation Outreach Model and Gap Analysis: Examining Solutions to Address Workforce Shortages

The purpose of this research is to examine aviation outreach programs to identify best practices and areas for improvement in the endeavor to recruit youth to the aviation industry. The research includes creation of a model of aviation outreach and development and application of an aviation outreach gap analysis design. Three programs are analyzed, Women in Aviation Girls in Aviation Day, Experimental Aviation Association Young Eagles, and Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association High School Aviation Initiative. Each program takes a unique approach to recruiting youth and the strengths and weaknesses, based on the aviation outreach model, are discussed. Results of the research reveal that each of the three outreach programs should be considered a best practice. Recommendations for aviation outreach are provided with emphasis on increased attention to outcome measures. This research contributes a new method to assess outreach programs, a critical task in the effort to create solutions to the global aviation workforce challenges.
Assessing baloxavir susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in the United States during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons.

The anti-influenza therapeutic baloxavir targets cap-dependent endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic (PA) protein. We monitored baloxavir susceptibility in the United States with next generation sequencing analysis supplemented by phenotypic one-cycle infection assay. Analysis of PA sequences of 6,891 influenza A and B viruses collected during 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons showed amino acid substitutions: I38L (two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses), E23G (two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses) and I38M (one A(H3N2) virus); conferring 4–10-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir.
Expression of novel long noncoding RNAs defines virus-specific effector and memory CD8 + T cells

In response to viral infection, CD8+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiate into distinct classes of effector cells. After clearance of the virus, a small population of long-lived memory cells persists. Comprehensive studies have defined the protein-coding transcriptional changes associated with this process. Here we expand on this prior work by performing RNA-sequencing to identify changes in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression in human and mouse CD8+ T cells responding to viral infection. We identify hundreds of unannotated lncRNAs and show that expression profiles of both known and novel lncRNAs are sufficient to define naive, effector, and memory CD8+ T cell subsets, implying that they may be involved in fate decisions during antigen-driven differentiation. Additionally, in comparing mouse and human lncRNA expression, we find that lncRNAs with conserved sequence undergo similar changes in expression in the two species, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role for lncRNAs during CD8+ T cell differentiation.
High energy phosphates, anaerobic glycolysis and irreversibility in ischemia.

Results of recent studies of energy production in severe or total ischemia in the dog heart have shown a striking relationship between deficient supplies of high energy phosphate and the loss of much of the adenine nucleotide pool.1,2 The depletion of the adenine nucleotide pool in ischemia occurs because the ischemic tissue utilizes high energy phosphate at a greater rate than it can produce it by anaerobic glycolysis.2–6 Some of the interrelationships among anaerobic glycolysis, energy metabolism, and cell death will be reviewed in this paper.
Get Noticed and Die Trying: Signals, Sacrifice, and the Production of Face Time in Distributed Work

Research shows that displaying face time—being observed by others at work—leads to many positive outcomes for employees. Drawing on this prior work, we argue that face time helps employees to recei...
An assessment of threats to the American power grid

Concern has been raised that the electrical grid of this nation is vulnerable to prolonged collapse. The postulated mechanisms are geomagnetic storms, electromagnetic pulse attacks (EMP) via a high altitude nuclear detonation, cyberattacks, and kinetic attacks. The likelihood of such events and the consequences to the American public of a protracted electric power failure are reviewed.
Efficient Production of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Chemically Defined Media without Serum or Feeder Cells

Abstract As established cell lines, human pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem (ES) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can divide indefinitely while retaining their potential to differentiate into many cell types in culture. The induction of mesoderm formation and hematopoietic differentiation was achieved either via embryoid body (EB) formation by culturing ES cell aggregation in suspension or by co-cultures with mouse stromal cell lines. Traditionally serum factors are also added for mesoderm induction and hematopoietic differentiation. Although hematopoietic progenitors are obtained from multiple lines of human ES cells, the low efficiency and high variability have hindered the progress of using human ES cells as a model for studying human hematopoiesis. Normally By day 12–14, we observed the outgrowth of blast cells (in hundreds to thousands) surrounding each EB (Panel A). By FACS analysis (Panel B), we observed nearly 50% of the total cells express CD45 at day 12, and many co-express CD34. The lymphocytelike cells can be easily separately from EBs by passing through a 40-micron strainer, and nearly all the isolated cells express CD45 (and 50–75% of them co-express CD34). We obtained 6 million CD45+ cells from 0.9 million human ES cells 14 days after EB formation. We also observed that the conditional HES1-ER transgene expression further increased the frequency of CD34+CD45+ cells as we observed under a different culture condition (Yu. Cell Stem Cells, 2008). The isolated CD45+ cells formed efficiently hematopoietic colonies in the methylcellulose medium with a frequency of ~58+/− 4 colonies per 3,000 cells, with or without the HES1-ER transgene. We are currently testing in vivo activities of isolated CD45+ cell populations (+/− HES1-ER) in the NOD/SCID/γC−/− mice. We are also testing if this improved and defined method would also be applicable to hematopoietic differentiation of human iPS cells we recently derived (Mali, Stem Cells, 2008). The significantly improved method using defined media in the absence of serum factors or feeder cells warrants further investigation whether it is better and more reproducible to elucidate mechanisms that regulate early human hematopoiesis, and to generate a large quantity of CD34+CD45+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells for various applications. Download : Download high-res image (105KB) Download : Download full-size image
Need to update human health risk assessment protocols for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood after oil spills.

Abstract The need to include alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human health risks assessments for oil contaminated seafood after crude oil spills is set forth. This is placed within the context of a brief review of the literature for PAHs and human health risk assessments after oil spills. The example of human health risk assessments for oil contaminated seafood after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is reviewed with the conclusion that PAHs such as alkylated chrysenes/triphenylenes/benzanthracenes should have been included in the human health risk assessment and not dismissed as present in very low concentrations relative to their parent PAHs.
Prenatal Diagnosis of a Cyst of the Canal of Nuck Associated With an Ovarian Cyst and Acute Polyhydramnios

In the female, the canal of Nuck is a tubular fold of parietal peritoneum that travels along with the round ligament through the inguinal canal to its attachment on the labia majora. The canal of N...
Preseason training program for soccer strikers

Soccer being a high contact sport demands physical ability from athletes to show better performance in training sessions and competition. Every sport requires specific training, likewise soccer training needs to be well designed according to demands required for the sport. The training needs to be organized through a season to help an athlete reach his optimal performance. Many variables should consider in the training program to enhance the performance, such as strength training, endurance training, aerobic and anaerobic training, flexibility training, and fitness training. However, this literature review aimed to discuss and highlight different aspects related to skills which are required for strikers in soccer during the preseason period. Literature suggests that “depending on player position during game, soccer team could cover various distances on field.” Fitness is equally important for all players like midfield player, defender, and striker. A study has shown that the central midfield player covered a high average of around 12 km while the defender covered the smallest distance with 10.6 km and the striker is in between the two players' averages, with 11.25 km. However, the striker is involved in different activities on field such as sprinting, jogging, running, walking, dribbling with the ball, changing direction, shooting the ball, kicking, hitting the ball, passing the ball, tackling, and being tackled. Therefore, the striker needs to focus on lower limb strengthening along with other trainings to perform these activities. In short, understanding the athlete's physical requirements is very essential to design a specific strengthening preseason program which could help the athlete to perform through 90 min of match or training session.
Robert May, 1936-2020: A man for all disciplines.

Robert (Bob) May, Baron May of Oxford, a long-time International Member of the National Academy of Sciences, passed away on April 28, 2020, in Oxford, United Kingdom, from “frailties of old age, Alzheimer's disease, and pneumonia,” at the age of 84. He is survived by his wife Judith, his daughter Nome, and legions of students and colleagues. Across six decades, Bob had a transformative impact on myriad fields: mathematical biology, ecology, epidemiology, public policy, and finance. His intellect, sense of loyalty to colleagues and students, and commitment to humanity made him a towering giant in science and science policy. Robert M. May, c. 2004. Image credit: Royal Society/Laurence Bulaitis. Bob May was born in Sydney, Australia, where his talents as a mathematician were evident from an early age. Bob was trained in theoretical physics at the University of Sydney by the distinguished physicist Robbie Schafroth, receiving his PhD at 24 years old for his work on bosons and superconductivity. Nonetheless, May traced his good luck in mentorships back to his high school chemistry teacher Lenny Basser and was always quick to give accolades to the many influences on his development, from teachers and colleagues alike. For those who knew him, it was clear that he made it a point to pay forward this debt through his investment in his own students and others. After a postdoctoral stint with Max Krook at Harvard University—during which he met his future wife, Judith—Bob accepted a faculty position at the University of Sydney, and within a few years had risen to one of the first “Personal Professorships” at the university. In his early work, he focused on problems in plasma physics and related fields and quickly rose to prominence. However, soon after, concerned for the fate of the planet and feeling he had a … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: slevin{at}princeton.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Lnc(ing)RNAs to the “shock and kill” strategy for HIV-1 cure

The advent of antiretroviral therapy almost 25 years ago has transformed HIV-1 infection into a manageable chronic condition, albeit still incurable. The inability of the treatment regimen to eliminate latently infected cells that harbor the virus in an epigenetically silent state poses a major hurdle. Current cure approaches are focused on a "shock and kill" strategy that uses latency-reversing agents to chemically reverse the proviral quiescence in latently infected cells, followed by immune-mediated clearance of reactivated cells. To date, hundreds of compounds have been investigated for viral reactivation, yet none has resulted in a functional cure. The insufficiency of these latency-reversing agents (LRAs) alone indicates a critical need for additional, alternate approaches such as genetic manipulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory RNAs with functional roles in many cellular processes, including epigenetic modulation. A number of lncRNAs have already been implicated to play important roles in HIV-1 latency and, as such, pharmacological modulation of lncRNAs constitutes a rational alternative approach in HIV-1 cure research. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of the role of lncRNAs in HIV-1 infection and explore the scope for a lncRNA-mediated genetic approach within the shock and kill strategy of HIV-1 cure.
Developing Age-Specific PICU Alarm Parameters to Improve The Accuracy Of Provider Orders.

Background: Vital signs are integral to the ongoing assessment of patient’s stability. The monitoring of vital signs can help clinicians anticipate patient deterioration and clinical improvements. Currently, there is little research on what are acceptable vital sign parameters for patients admitted to a PICU. Children admitted to a PICU will have abnormal vital signs due to critical illness. However, established parameters are based on children who are healthy, such as the PALS Vital Sign Reference Chart. In this project, we present a method for personalizing vital sign …
Emerging and Continuing Trends in Opioid Overdose Decedent Characteristics during COVID-19

BackgroundSince COVID-19 erupted in the United States, little is known about how state-level opioid overdose trends and decedent characteristics have varied throughout the country. ObjectiveInvestigate changes in annual overdose death rates, substances involved, and decedent demographics in opioid overdose deaths across nine states; assess whether 2019-2020 trends were emerging (i.e., change from 2019-2020 was non-existent from 2018-2019) or continuing (i.e., change from 2019-2020 existed from 2018-2019). DesignCross-sectional study using vital statistics data to conduct a retrospective analysis comparing 2020 to 2019 and 2019 to 2018 across nine states. SettingAlaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Utah, and Wyoming. ParticipantsOpioid-related overdose deaths in 2018, 2019, and 2020. MeasurementsAnnual overdose death rate, proportion of overdose deaths involving specific substances, and decedent demographics (age, sex, race, and ethnicity). ResultsWe find emerging increases in annual opioid-related overdose death rates in Alaska (55.3% [P=0.020]), Colorado (80.2% [P<0.001]), Indiana (40.1% [P=0.038]), North Carolina (30.5% [P<0.001]), and Rhode Island (29.6% [P=0.011]). Decreased heroin-involved overdose deaths were emerging in Alaska (-49.5% [P=0.001]) and Indiana (-58.8% [P<0.001]), and continuing in Colorado (-33.3% [P<0.001]), Connecticut (-48.2% [P<0.001]), Massachusetts (39.9% [P<0.001]), and North Carolina (-34.8% [P<0.001]). Increases in synthetic opioid presence were emerging in Alaska (136.5% [P=0.019]) and Indiana (27.6% [P<0.001]), and continuing in Colorado (44.4% [P<0.001]), Connecticut (3.6% [P<0.05]), and North Carolina (14.6% [P<0.001]). We find emerging increases in the proportion of male decedents in Colorado (15.2% [P=0.008]) and Indiana (12.0% [P=0.013]). LimitationsDelays from state-specific death certification processes resulted in varying analysis periods across states. ConclusionThese findings highlight emerging changes in opioid overdose dynamics across different states, which can inform state-specific public health interventions.
A Novel Case Study of the Use of Real-World Evidence to Support the Registration of an Osteoporosis Product in China.

On June 23, 2020, Prolia® (denosumab) was approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in the People’s Republic of China as the first monoclonal antibody for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fractures. Its brand name in Chinese is 普罗力, a transliteration from the English name “Prolia”, which has an implied meaning of “to give strength to everyone”— a suitable name for a potent anti-resorptive therapy. The approval was supported by a novel marketing authorization application (MAA) that included data from Prolia’s global clinical trial program establishing favorable efficacy and safety, augmented by results from a real-world evidence (RWE) study confirming the effectiveness and safety of Prolia in clinical practice within Taiwan and Hong Kong. Key constructs for this registration-quality RWE study included the fit-for-purpose assessment of data quality, methodology and quantitative assessment of potential biases, good practices of study conduct, and reproducibility of results. Using data from clinical practice in Taiwan and Hong Kong to evaluate the benefits versus risks of Prolia treatment in ethnic Chinese women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, the RWE study results for effectiveness were comparable to efficacy demonstrated in the global clinical trial program and results for safety were consistent with the incidence observed in global post-marketing safety studies. While RWE is often used to monitor postmarket safety of drug products, support health insurance coverage decisions, and inform clinicians on real-world use of medicines, it has not been widely used to support regulatory approval for new medicines in lieu of clinical bridging studies in countries where such studies are required. Well-conducted registrational RWE studies can play a pivotal role in complementing the totality of evidence presented in an MAA. The benefits of such an approach include avoiding the collection of additional placebo-controlled trial data in populations where adequate ethnic characterization of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety may already exist from postmarketing sources, and accelerate access for patients to innovative medicines in important regions. Here, we describe a regulatory case study of a novel MAA incorporating RWE that provided important evidence to confirm the benefit:risk of a new drug and facilitated a label expansion to a new patient population.
Trust in reading, citing and publishing

Selected findings from a recent project funded by the Sloan Foundation on the role that trust, or more specifically judgments of trustworthiness and authority, play in how academic researchers decide what to read, cite, and where to publish were presented at the 2014 NFAIS Annual Meeting. This project looked not only at the current role of trust in traditional sources such as journal articles and books, but also how academics perceive the role of trust has changed for them recently with a wider variety of choices for scholarly information. Full results from various parts of this international study are reported in [7] (focus groups), [16] (interviews) and [4] (international questionnaire). Additional analyses assessing geographical differences [3], citation determinations [14], and trustworthiness of open access [17] and social media [1] have also been reported. The project had two main goals, (1) to look at the current situation in how academics assign authority and trustworthiness to sources they read, cite, and publish in and (2) to see how behaviors and attitudes of academics may be changing. Research questions guiding the study included such things as:
Characterization of mRNA species related to human liver cytochrome P-450 nifedipine oxidase and the regulation of catalytic activity.

P-450NF is the major enzyme in human liver involved in the metabolism of the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine. By screening a bacteriophage λgt11 expression library, a cDNA clone designated NF 10 with an insert length of 2.8 kilobases (kb) was isolated. This clone was sequenced and found to be highly similar in its overlapping section with sequences of two other cDNA clones previously isolated from the same expression library, NF 25 (Beaune, P. H., Umbenhauer, D. R., Bork, R. W., Lloyd, R. S., and Guengerich, F. P. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 8064–8068) and HLp (Molowa, D. T., Schuetz, E. G., Wrighton, S. A., Watkins, P. B., Kremers, P., Mendez-Picon, G., Parker, G. A., and Guzelian, P. S. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sec. U. S. A. 83, 5311–5315). However, clone NF 10 had an extra 814 or 813 bases of 3′-noncoding sequence relative to NF 25 or HLp, respectively, and this additional sequence contained a second consensus polyadenylation signal. Specific oligonucleotides were synthesized to differentiate between these three clones at the mRNA level. Oligonucleotides specific to the protein coding region of each clone were found to hybridize to mRNAs of 2.2 and 3.0 kb in size at a ratio of ∼10:1. The major species of hybridizable mRNA was specific to clone NF 25, and levels of this mRNA could be correlated with levels of immunochemically detectable P-450NF and nifedipine oxidase activity in individual human liver samples. In addition, an oligonucleotide specific to the 3′-noncoding region of clone NF 10 hybridized only with the 3.0-kb mRNA. We conclude that alternative use of the second polyadenylation signal present in clone NF 10 results in production of the 3.0-kb mRNA species and that a pretranslational control mechanism is primarily involved in the regulation of nifedipine oxidase activity.
Coercivity mechanism in () and () multilayers

Abstract Two approaches are discussed to understand the coercivity mechanism of multilayer ( Co Pt ) and ( Co Pd ) films with high coercivity and high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. One approach follows the phenomenological model proposed by Kronmuller et al(1,2), and the other is the one based on the relaxation mechanism(3). The first approach provides the size of the pinning region. Using the measured values of coercivity, magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant as a function of temperature, and assuming the exchange constant and anisotropy of a pinning region to be a half the matrix value, and zero, respectively, one obtains a few A for a pinning size in the multilayers. The second approach is based on the dependence of apparent coercivity on sweep speed of magnetic field. It is shown that the Barkhausen volume is of the order of 10−18cm3 for those multilayers. The results are compared to the case of Tb26(FeCo)74 amorphous films.
Endocannabinoids: Multi-scaled, Global Homeostatic Regulators of Cells and Society

Living systems are far from equilibrium open systems that exhibit many scales of emergent behavior. They may be abstractly viewed as a complex weave of dissipative structures that maintain organization by passing electrons from reduced hydrocarbons to oxygen. Free radicals are unavoidable byproducts of biological electron flow. Due to their highly reactive chemical properties, free radicals modify all classes of biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins). As a result, free radicals are destructive. The generally disruptive nature of free radicals makes them the “friction of life.” As such, they are believed to be the etiological agents behind age related illnesses such as cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological diseases, cancer, and ageing itself. Free radicals also play a critical constructive role in living systems. From a thermodynamic perspective, life can only exist if a living system takes in sufficient negative entropy from its environment to overcome the obligatory increase in entropy that would result if the system could not appropriately exchange mass, energy and information with its environment. Free radicals are generated in response to perturbations in the relationship between a living system and its environment. However, evolution has selected for biological response systems to free radicals so that the cellular biochemistry can adapt to environmental perturbations by modifying cellular gene expression and biochemistry. Endocannabinoids are marijuana-like compounds that have their origins hundreds of millions of years in the evolutionary past. They serve as fundamental modulators of energy homeostasis in all vertebrates. Their widespread biological activities may often be attributed to their ability to minimize the negative consequences of free radicals.
An integrated cyber security monitoring system using correlation-based techniques

We propose an adaptive cyber security monitoring system that integrates a number of component techniques to collect time-series situation information, perform intrusion detection, keep track of event evolution, and characterize and identify security events so corresponding defense actions can be taken in a timely and effective manner. Particularly, we employ a decision fusion algorithm with analytically proven performance guarantee for intrusion detection based on local votes from distributed sensors. Different from the traditional rule-based pattern matching technique, security events in the proposed system are represented in a graphical form of correlation networks using random matrix theory and identified through the computation of network similarity measurement. Extensive simulation results on event identification illustrate the efficacy of the proposed system.