cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The abstraction of linguistic ideas in "meaningless" sentences.

It was proposed that the Bransford and Franks linear effect is unrelated to semantic processes and will, therefore, occur even when "meaningless" sentences (i.e., sentences containing nonsense instead of meaningful content words) are employed. Within the Bransford and Franks format, Ss were given either the meaningless sentences or control sentences. Results showed a significant linear effect for the meaningless sentences. Furthermore, although the slope of the effect for meaningless sentences was flatter than that of the control, other data ruled out a semantic integration explanation based on the availability of semantic information contained in sentence structure. A simple guessing strategy hypothesis was offered to account for the linear effect.
Institutions and the internationalization of US venture capital firms

In recent years, venture capital firms have increasingly turned to foreign countries in search of investment opportunities. The cross-border expansion of venture capital firms presents an interesting case of internationalization, because they are at variance with both conventional portfolio and direct investment models. Given the specific nature of venture capital investing, a new theoretical perspective is needed to understand foreign venture capital investments. This paper contributes to international business research by examining the features of the institutional environment that influence venture capital firms’ foreign market entry decisions, and how their effect changes as firms acquire experience. We report results on 216 American venture capital firms potentially investing in 95 countries during the 1990–2002 period. We find that venture capital firms invest in host countries characterized by technological, legal, financial, and political institutions that create innovative opportunities, protect investors’ rights, facilitate exit, and guarantee regulatory stability, respectively. We also find that as firms gain more international experience, they are more likely to overcome constraints related to these institutions.
ESTIMATING A CONTINUOUS HEDONIC CHOICE MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO DEMAND FOR SOFT DRINKS

Using micro-level scanner data, I study empirically the consumer demand for soft drinks, which is characterized by multiple-product, multiple-unit purchasing behavior. I develop a continuous hedonic-choice model to investigate how consumers choose the best basket of products to satisfy various needs. My model's embedded-characteristics approach both helps to reduce the dimensionality problem in model estimation and generates flexible substitution patterns. Hence, the model is useful in application to data with many product choices that are correlated with each other at the individual level. The estimation results show that interesting substitutability and even a form of complementarity exist among soft drinks.
Dental Care Utilization Among Caregivers Who Care for Older Adults

The goal of this study was to investigate individual and contextual factors associated with dental care utilization by U.S. informal caregivers. The sample included all 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) respondents who completed the Caregiver Module and reported providing care for one year or more to an individual aged ≥ 50 years or older (n=1,196). Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine associations of caregiver and care characteristics and county-level contextual characteristics (from Area Resource File data) with two outcomes: dental visits and dental cleaning during previous year. Caregivers with health insurance coverage and higher education were more likely to use dental care; those who had lost more teeth and who were spouse caregivers were less likely to do so. Community characteristics were not correlated with caregivers’ use of dental care. Our findings suggest that better access to dental care could improve dental care utilization by caregivers.
State Capacity and Political Choice: Interpreting the Failure of the Third New Deal

In what sense were the 1940s a turning point for the postwar development of the American state? This is an odd question since the decade is not usually considered a moment of lasting political transformation, as were the New Deal and the Great Society. Rather, it is more characteristically rendered as a period of political stalemate, memorably captured by Samuel Lubell's description of Harry Truman as “The Man Who Bought Time.” Yet the choices of the 1940s have been recently characterized by Ira Katznelson and Bruce Pietrykowski as far more significant than hitherto understood. Out of the conflict and debate over the New Deal emerge, they argue, a rather “crisp choice … about the character of the national state,” one that decided between alternative models of state-economy relationships.
Confounding factors affect the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly diagnosed esophageal disease in adult and children. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this disease have been established and were recently summarized in the expert clinical guideline published in 2011. In spite of the wide knowledge accumulated on this disease, there are many areas where scientific data are missing, especially in regard to the disease’s pathophysiology. Recent publications have suggested that other confounding factors modify the disease and may affect its clinical-phenotypic presentation. Those factors may include place of living, air pollution, race, genetic factors and other. In the present report we discussed and review those confounding factors, the new developments, and what direction we should go to further advance our knowledge of this disease.
The impact of emergency medicine on surgical care in the emergency ward

Abstract The Committee on Issues of the Association for Academic Surgery surveyed the Association's membership, surgical department chairmen, and university hospital emergency department directors as to their attitudes about the role of surgeons and emergency medicine specialists in emergency care. Major differences in attitudes exist between surgeons and nonsurgeons regarding the surgeon's role in the emergency department. Although surgeons want to preserve a dominant role in emergency care, they have little interest in being in charge of emergency wards on a day to day basis. Emergency medicine specialists have a tendency to function independently, even to the point of independently performing emergency surgical procedures. In emergency departments led by nonsurgeons there is decreased participation of surgical house staff in the resuscitation of the critically injured patients. This may result in inadequate training of surgical residents in acute trauma care and ultimately result in lowered overall standards of care in critically ill patients. An important question is whether surgeons can continue to abdicate their present reponsibilities in the emergency ward and yet maintain their essential role in the preoperative care of the emergency patient.
Does the Continuum of Care Influence Time in Treatment? Evidence From the Fort Bragg Evaluation

Using data from the Fort Bragg Evaluation, this article determines whether the continuum of care treatment philosophy extends the length of treatment episodes among children and adoles cents receiv...
Freedom, equality, property and Bentham: The debate over unfree labour

Definitional disputes may be disregarded as inconsequential aside from getting in the way of communicating substantive positions. In the present instance, such an attitude seems untenable if only because Free Labour and Capitalism are big words in wide currency. And debates involving these terms reflect deeper differences in theoretical and historical interpretation. Though, or perhaps because, a considerable part of the volume in review is energised by such disputes, it makes an eminently valuable contribution and provokes many substantive questions relating to labour and class relations, both contemporary and especially historical. While opinion may vary whether, on balance, the eighteen wide‐ranging case studies in the volume shed useful light on the categories in contention and vice versa, their collective value transcends the debates themselves. Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues, edited by Tom Brass and Marcel van der Linden, Bern: Peter Lang, 1997. Volume 5 in the series International and...
The Campaign to End Fistula: what have we learned? Findings of facility and community needs assessments.

Abstract Objective To present a summary of the findings of the fistula needs assessments that have been conducted through the Campaign to End Fistula in 25 countries in Africa and Asia to expand knowledge on the issue related to causes and impact, country capacity to manage the problem and clinical and programmatic gaps. Method The methodology of the assessments was qualitative and quantitative, and included focus group discussions; in-depth interviews/narratives; key informant interviews; and review of medical records, with slight variations by country. Results Analysis of 20 of these assessments provides insight into the capacities, gaps, and perspectives specific to each country regarding fistula prevention and treatment and the social reintegration of treated women. Conclusion Needs assessment findings have been key tools to spark action and guide the implementation of national programs to eliminate obstetric fistulas throughout Africa and Asia.
OWL: cooperative thread array aware scheduling techniques for improving GPGPU performance

Emerging GPGPU architectures, along with programming models like CUDA and OpenCL, offer a cost-effective platform for many applications by providing high thread level parallelism at lower energy budgets. Unfortunately, for many general-purpose applications, available hardware resources of a GPGPU are not efficiently utilized, leading to lost opportunity in improving performance. A major cause of this is the inefficiency of current warp scheduling policies in tolerating long memory latencies.In this paper, we identify that the scheduling decisions made by such policies are agnostic to thread-block, or cooperative thread array (CTA), behavior, and as a result inefficient. We present a coordinated CTA-aware scheduling policy that utilizes four schemes to minimize the impact of long memory latencies. The first two schemes, CTA-aware two-level warp scheduling and locality aware warp scheduling, enhance per-core performance by effectively reducing cache contention and improving latency hiding capability. The third scheme, bank-level parallelism aware warp scheduling, improves overall GPGPU performance by enhancing DRAM bank-level parallelism. The fourth scheme employs opportunistic memory-side prefetching to further enhance performance by taking advantage of open DRAM rows. Evaluations on a 28-core GPGPU platform with highly memory-intensive applications indicate that our proposed mechanism can provide 33% average performance improvement compared to the commonly-employed round-robin warp scheduling policy.
Emergency Response Applications: Dynamic Plume Modeling and Real-Time Routing

In a crisis situation, toxic gas can be released into the air, blocking routes for emergency responders. Rescue workers must be able to compute the shortest and safest paths in the presence of toxic gas dispersions that move dynamically with changing wind speed and direction. To model this, the authors developed weather retriever software, which fetches weather details about a particular location from the Internet and acts as the station for atmospheric measurements for the Aloha plume-modeling software. The authors also explored options for displaying this dynamic plume on a geographic map.
Challenge and threat responses during downward and upward social comparisons

We examined cardiovascular responses indicating challenge and threat during social comparisons. Experiment 1 manipulated comparison direction (i.e. upward/downward) within a cooperative social interaction, during which we measured cardiovascular responses, evaluations of demands and resources, and self-reports. Participants interacting with upward comparison partners evaluated the task as more ‘threatening’ (demands relative to resources) than participants cooperating with downward comparison partners. Moreover, participants cooperating with upward comparison partners exhibited cardiovascular reactivity consistent with threat (i.e. increased ventricle contractility, no changes in cardiac output, and vasoconstriction). In contrast, participants interacting with downward comparison partners exhibited challenge responses (i.e. increased contractility, increased cardiac output, and vasodilation). This basic finding was extended in Experiment 2 with the examination of a classic moderator of social comparison, attitudinal similarity of the comparison partner. Participants paired with attitudinally dissimilar partners exhibited exacerbated reactions relative to participants paired with attitudinally similar partners. That is, relative to similar partners, dissimilar partners engendered greater threat responses during upward comparisons and a tendency toward greater challenge responses during downward comparisons. These results are discussed within an assimilative/contrast model of social comparisons. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferrochelatase is a conserved downstream target of the blue light-sensing White collar complex in fungi.

Light is a universal signal perceived by organisms, including fungi, in which light regulates common and unique biological processes depending on the species. Previous research has established that conserved proteins, originally called White collar 1 and 2 from the ascomycete Neurospora crassa, regulate UV/blue light sensing. Homologous proteins function in distant relatives of N. crassa, including the basidiomycetes and zygomycetes, which diverged as long as a billion years ago. Here we conducted microarray experiments on the basidiomycete fungus Cryptococcus neoformans to identify light-regulated genes. Surprisingly, only a single gene was induced by light above the commonly used twofold threshold. This gene, HEM15, is predicted to encode a ferrochelatase that catalyses the final step in haem biosynthesis from highly photoreactive porphyrins. The C. neoformans gene complements a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hem15Δ strain and is essential for viability, and the Hem15 protein localizes to mitochondria, three lines of evidence that the gene encodes ferrochelatase. Regulation of HEM15 by light suggests a mechanism by which bwc1/bwc2 mutants are photosensitive and exhibit reduced virulence. We show that ferrochelatase is also light-regulated in a white collar-dependent fashion in N. crassa and the zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus, indicating that ferrochelatase is an ancient target of photoregulation in the fungal kingdom.
An Evidenced‐Based Scoring Index to Determine the Periodontal Prognosis on Molars

Background: This retrospective study evaluates and assigns scores to six prognostic factors and derives a quantitative scoring index used to determine the periodontal prognosis on molar teeth.Methods: Data were gathered on 816 molars in 102 patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis. The six factors evaluated (age, probing depth, mobility, furcation involvement, smoking, and molar type) were assigned a numeric score based on statistical analysis. The sum of the scores for all factors was used to determine the prognosis score for each molar. Only patients with all first and second molars at the initial examination qualified for the study. All patients were evaluated a minimum of 15 years after treatment.Results: The post-treatment time ranged from 15 to 40 years and averaged 24 years. When the study was completed, 639 molars survived (78%), and, of those surviving molars, 588 survived and were periodontally healthy (92%). In molars with lower scores (scores 1-3), the 15-year survival rates ranged from ...
The Synchronization within and Interaction between the Default and Dorsal Attention Networks in Early Infancy

An anticorrelated interaction between the dorsal attention and the default-mode networks has been observed, although how these 2 networks establish such relationship remains elusive. Behavioral studies have reported the emergence of attention and default network–related functions and a preliminary competing relationship between them at early infancy. This study attempted to test the hypothesis—resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging will demonstrate not only improved network synchronization of the dorsal attention and the default networks, respectively, during the first 2 years of life but also an anticorrelated network interaction pattern between the 2 networks at 1 year which will be further enhanced at 2 years old. Our results demonstrate that both networks start from an isolated region in neonates but evolve to highly synchronized networks at 1 year old. Paralleling the individual network maturation process, the anticorrelated behaviors are absent at birth but become apparent at 1 year and are further enhanced during the second year of life. Our studies elucidate not only the individual maturation process of the dorsal attention and default networks but also offer evidence that the maturation of the individual networks may be needed prior exhibiting the adult-like interaction patterns between the 2 networks.
A novel method to determine perineal artery occlusion among male bicyclists

Background. Perineal pressure due to bicycle riding has been associated with erectile dysfunction. We developed a novel method to measure the occlusive force exerted over the perineal arteries and determined perineal artery occlusion by a variety of seat designs. Methods. Doppler ultrasonography facilitated perineal artery localization and determination of the force required for perineal artery occlusion in 20 healthy men. Flexiforce(®) sensors were affixed over the proximal and distal aspects of the perineal arteries bilaterally. Individuals completed bicycle rides in the road- and stationary-settings with six distinct seat designs, including those with and without an anterior "nose." Results. The occlusion time proportion of the total ride time was calculated for each trial. The overall occlusion time proportion was 0.59 (95% CI [0.45-0.73]) across all seats and settings. The "no-nose" bicycle seat and the stationary-setting demonstrated significantly lower occlusion proportion times than the traditional nose bicycle seat and road-setting, respectively. However, all bicycle seats yielded an occlusion time proportion of 0.41 or greater. Discussion. Our method of real-time, non-invasive force measurement localized to the perineal arteries may be used to validate future bicycle seat design. It also underscores the significant risk of perineal artery insufficiency in men who are avid bicyclists. This risk may be minimized by using newer "no-nose" bicycle seats.
Assessing language comprehension skills in cross-cultural settings

Abstract This chapter describes the Sentence Verification Technique (SVT): a technique for measuring language comprehension that has proven to be useful in several cross-cultural settings. The early sections of the chapter present the theoretical rationale for SVT tests as a measure of comprehension and provide a description of how SVT tests are developed. Later sections of the chapter discuss pitfalls associated with assessing language comprehension in cross-cultural settings and suggest how the use of SVT tests may avoid those pitfalls. The paper closes with a description of cross-cultural studies using the SVT procedure that have been conducted in the United States, Grenada, Belize, Guatemala, and Nepal.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Neisseria gonorrhoeae Laboratory Reference Strains, Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology.

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the etiological agent that causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, is a significant public health concern due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We report the complete genome sequences of three reference isolates with varied antimicrobial susceptibility that will aid in elucidating the genetic mechanisms that confer resistance.
Attempted murder with pancuronium.

A nurse was accused of attempting to murder her anesthesiologist husband on two occasions by administering to him a neuromuscular blocking agent. In both episodes, urine specimens were obtained from the victim shortly after the suspected assaults. The samples were initially tested fluorometrically using Rose Bengal dye as a pairing agent. Both were presumptively positive for pancuronium. Confirmation of these results was achieved by pairing the drug with potassium iodide, extracting the complex, and submitting the extract to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) cleanup, elution at the appropriate retardation factor (Rf), and, finally, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in the selected-ion monitoring mode. The two quaternary amines of pancuronium appear to undergo pyrolytic N-demethylation in the injection port to yield an entity amenable to capillary column gas chromatography. The mass spectrum of the compound consists of a base peak of m/z 322, with additional fragments of 292, 323, 338, and 397 m/z, each of which was monitored. The confirmed positive findings were instrumental in adjudicating the case. Language: en
Subgrid Combustion Modeling for LES of Single and two-Phase Reacting Flows

Subgrid modeling approaches for large-eddy simulation of single and two-phase reacting flows are discussed here with the focus on simulating high Reynolds number flows in practical devices. Therefore, issues related to computational expediency and accuracy of the subgrid model on relatively coarse grids are also discussed. It is suggested that models must not only capture the energy transfer from large to small scales, they must also account for small-scalemixing and molecular diffusion processes in order to predict high Re reacting flows. A subgrid modeling approach that can be used in multi-phase flows is described and sample results are shown to demonstrate its capabilities.
Correlates of condom use stage of change: implications for intervention.

According to 1996 US Centers for Disease Control data HIV/AIDS has become the second and third leading cause of death for Black and Hispanic women respectively in the US aged 25-44 years. The main risks for infection among minority women are IV drug use and sexual contact with IV drug users. Findings are presented from a telephone survey conducted to collect data on the attitudes beliefs and practices concerning condom use among 812 reproductive-age African Americans with regular sex partners in Baltimore. Condom use was "staged" according to Prochaskas model of stage of behavioral change while characteristics of the respondents sexual relationships peer characteristics and demographic and psychosocial characteristics were examined for their association with the stage of condom use. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that a partners reaction to condom use condom use self-efficacy with the partner condom use outcome expectancy with the partner perceived partner risk length of relationship sterility cohabitation perceived vulnerability to HIV infection and perceived peer norms about condom use were each independently related to staged condom use. Gender differences in the relationship of those independent variables with stages of change were found. Implications for intervention include differential treatment by gender and stage of change. Couples should also be considered for intervention.
Race and survival among diabetic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background Diabetes is a known predictor of decreased long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Differences in survival by race have not been examined. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted for CABG patients between 1992 and 2011. Long-term survival was compared in patients with and without diabetes and stratified by race. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using a Cox regression model. Results Out of the 13,053 patients undergoing CABG, 35% (black n = 1,655; white n = 2,884) had diabetes at the time of surgery. The median follow-up for study participants was 8.2 years. Long-term survival after CABG was similar between black and white diabetic patients (no diabetes, HR = 1.0; white diabetic patients, adjusted HR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.4–1.6; black diabetic patients, adjusted HR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.4–1.7). Conclusion A survival disadvantage after CABG was not observed among black versus white diabetic patients in our study.
Age as a criterion for rationing health care.

A widely held view is that medical costs are a problem verging on a crisis. Perhaps on the principle that drastic problems require drastic solutions, for the first time powerful voices have been raised in favor of explicit rationing as a solution — possibly the only solution — to the looming cost crisis. And, in a remarkable reversal of recent history, age has been proposed as a criterion for withholding medical care. This has occurred in a society that less than 30 years ago established Medicare, its first national health plan, specifically to improve the health of the elderly. Although . . .
The Effectiveness of Various Restorative Justice Interventions on Recidivism Outcomes Among Juvenile Offenders

Research has generally supported the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) programs on a number of outcomes; however, little research has examined the effectiveness of variations in the interve...
Acate Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Guilin,2009

Objective To evaluate the status of acate Flaceid paralysis(AEP) surveillance in Guilin and to solidify the polio-free results.Methods AFP surveillance data around the city was analyzed.Results Totally 30 AFP cases were reported in Guilin in 2009,and the incidence rate of non-polio AFP cases of children under 15 years old was 2.1/105.The diagnosis was conducted by an expert panel in accordance with regional AFP virological classification and diagnosis,excluding 3 non-AFP cases and 27 non-polio AFP cases.The investigation rate of AFP cases within 48 hours after being reported was 100%,and the qualified rate was 100%.The collected double adoption rate was 92.6%,and stool specimens have 100% delivery within 7 days,with the delivery rate of follow-up table within 75 days was 96.3%.Conclusion The sensitivity of AFP surveillance system in Guilin is high,and the timely reporting rate and samples delivery rate are high.However,the stool specimen collection rate should be improved.
Fast Concurrent Cuckoo Kick-Out Eviction Schemes for High-Density Tables

Cuckoo hashing guarantees constant-time lookups regardless of table density, making it a viable candidate for high-density tables. Cuckoo hashing insertions perform poorly at high table densities, however. In this paper, we mitigate this problem through the introduction of novel kick-out eviction algorithms. Experimentally, our algorithms reduce the number of bins viewed per insertion for high-density tables by as much as a factor of ten. We also introduce an optimistic concurrency scheme for transactional multi-writer cuckoo hash tables (not using hardware transactional memory). For delete-light workloads, one of our kick-out algorithms avoids all competition between insertions with high probability, and significantly reduces transaction-abort frequency. This result is extended to arbitrary workloads using a new synchronization mechanism called a claim flag.
Counting Sets of Integers, Nokof Which Sum to Another

Abstract We show that for every k ⩾3 the number of subsets of {1, 2, …, n } containing no solution to x 1 + x 2 +…+ x k = y , where the x i need not be distinct, is at most c 2 αn , where α =( k −1)/ k .
The Role of Gonadal Hormones in the Activation of Feminine Sexual Behavior

For early scholars, the first questions about sexual behavior were largely ones of localization: Where does the sexual impulse come from? The poet Virgil associated the copulatory activity of cattle with the presence of the gadfly and thought that the gadfly noise or bite might cause sexual activity. In 1901, W. Heape introduced the term estrus for the recurrent periods of sexual excitement in animals, which are also called heat. (The word oistros is the Greek name for the gadfly.)
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience of Theory of Mind

This chapter is about what we know, and what we do not know, about how the human brain acquires its amazing capacity for theory of mind (ToM). In the past few decades, ToM has been studied intensively in childhood development (using behavioral measures) and in the adult human brain (using functional neuroimaging). Converging evidence from these two approaches provides insight into the cognitive and neural basis of this key human cognitive capacity. However, as we highlight, we are especially excited about the future of ToM in developmental cognitive neuroscience: studies that combine both methods, using neuroimaging methods to directly study cognitive and neural development in childhood.
World Population and Energy Demand Growth: The Potential Role of Nuclear Energy in an Efficient World

The fertility rate for women and the related population growth rate, for numerous developing (transitional) countries, show a downward trend with increasing annual per capita energy use. On the ass...
Stepwise Bay Annulation of Indigo for the Synthesis of Desymmetrized Electron Acceptors and Donor–Acceptor Constructs

A selective stepwise annulation of indigo has been demonstrated as a means of providing both monoannulated and differentially double-annulated indigo derivatives. Disparate substitution of the electron accepting bay-annulated indigo system allows for fine control over both the electronic properties as well as donor–acceptor structural architectures. Optical and electronic properties were characterized computationally as well as through UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. This straightforward method provides a modular approach for the design of indigo-based materials with tailored optoelectronic properties.
Legal Briefs: Arteriovenous Malformation Presenting as Intracranial Hemorrhage in a Preterm Infant

A 1,910-g, 35-4/7 weeks’ gestation male infant was born by cesarean delivery due to breech position to a 33-year-old mother. He required vigorous stimulation and blow-by oxygen at birth. He was admitted to the newborn intensive care unit because of immaturity. His physical examination yielded normal results. He was always on room air and nippled all feeds. Except for some mild apnea, his course was unremarkable. Because of his prematurity, the neonatologist ordered cranial ultrasonography, which showed a parenchymal hemorrhage in the right parietal lobe. A computed tomography (CT) scan was obtained a few days later and confirmed the presence of the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The neonatologist requested a consultation with a neurologist because of the ICH. The neurologist did not view the scan or examine the baby but left word that he would see the infant as an outpatient. The infant was discharged from the hospital. Three months after discharge, the neurologist saw the infant in his office …
The role of fantasy–reality distinctions in preschoolers' learning from educational video

The current study examined if preschoolers' understanding of fantasy and reality are related to their learning from educational videos. Forty-nine 3- to 6-year-old children watched short clips of popular educational programs in which animated characters solved problems. Following video viewing, children attempted to solve real-world problems analogous to the problems in the videos and were asked to describe similarities between the video problems and the problems they solved in the lab. Additionally, children were tested for their understanding of which aspects of the clips and characters were realistic and possible and which were fantastical and impossible in the real world. Children were most likely to transfer solutions from clips that had moderate elements of fantasy or incorporated fantastical elements at moments that were relevant to solving the problem. Additionally, children's understanding of which elements of the clips were fantastical was related to their transfer. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the role of the fantasy understanding in children's learning from media. Highlights Over the preschool years, children come to understand what aspects of animated programs are and are not possible in the real world. Preschoolers learn problem-solving skills from animated shows when they have a clear boundary between fantasy and reality. Engaging with moderate fantastical content in animated programs can support abstract thinking.
Duty hour restrictions and surgical complications for head and neck key indicator procedures.

Objectives/Hypothesis Graduate medical education has traditionally required long work hours, allowing trainees little time for adequate rest. Based on concerns over performance deterioration with sleep deprivation and its effect on patient outcomes, duty hour restrictions have been mandated. We sought to characterize complications from otolaryngology key indicator procedures performed before and after duty hour reform. Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods The NIS was queried for procedure codes associated with head and neck key indicator groupings for the years 2000–2002 (45,363 procedures) and 2006–2008 (51,144 procedures). Hospitals were divided into three groups: nonteaching hospitals (NTH), teaching hospitals without otolaryngology programs (TH), and teaching hospitals with otolaryngology programs (TH-OTO). Surgical complication rates, length of stay, and mortality rates were analyzed using logistic and linear regression. Results The number of procedures increased (12.7%), with TH-OTO contributing more in postrestriction years (21% to 30%). Overall complication rates between the two periods revealed no difference, regardless of hospital setting. Subset analysis showed some variation within each complication within each grouping. Length of stay increased at TH-OTO (2.75 to 2.78 days) and decreased at NTH (2.28 to 2.24 days) and TH (2.39 to 2.36 days). Mortality did not increase among the three hospital types (NTH, P < .58; TH, P < .96; TH-OTO, P < .06). During the latter period, TH-OTO procedures showed lower mortality (P < .0038, odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27-0.77). Increasing Charlson comorbidity index increased overall mortality rate (P < .0001, OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.4-2.89). Conclusions Overall complication rates did not change for head and neck key indicator procedures. Moreover, concerns about reduced surgical case numbers appear unfounded, especially for otolaryngology programs. Level of Evidence 2c Laryngoscope, 127:1797–1803, 2017
Abstract A007: Mutant PIK3CA accelerates HER2-driven transgenic mammary tumor progression, enhances cancer stem cell features, and induces resistance to combinations of anti-HER2 therapies

The HER2 (ERBB2) oncogene is amplified in 20-25% of breast cancers and is associated with poor patient outcome. Mutational activation of PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), occurs in ~30% of breast cancers. HER2 amplification and PIK3CA mutations often co-occur in breast cancer. Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway has been shown to correlate with a diminished response to HER2-directed therapies. We sought to directly determine whether mutant PI3K enhances HER2-induced tumor progression and promotes resistance to HER2 inhibition in vivo. For this purpose, we generated a conditional transgenic mouse model of HER2-overexpressing (HER2+), PIK3CAH1047R-mutant breast cancer. Mice expressing both human HER2 and mutant PIK3CA in the mammary epithelium developed tumors with shorter latencies compared to mice expressing PIK3CA alone (p=0.0012) or HER2 alone (p Citation Format: Ariella B. Hanker, Adam Pfefferle, Justin M. Balko, Maria Gabriela Kuba, Christian D. Young, Violeta Sanchez, Cammie R. Sutton, Hailing Cheng, Charles M. Perou, Jean J. Zhao, Rebecca S. Cook, Carlos L. Arteaga. Mutant PIK3CA accelerates HER2-driven transgenic mammary tumor progression, enhances cancer stem cell features, and induces resistance to combinations of anti-HER2 therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A007.
The Mirror Nuclei \(^{3}\hbox {H}\) and \(^{3}\hbox {He}\) Program at JLab

Using electron beam energies of up to 11 GeV, Jefferson Lab plans to carry out in the near future a group of four experiments involving the mirror nuclei \(^{3}\hbox {H}\) and \(^{3}\hbox {He}\). The experiments aim to, (A) extract the deep inelastic neutron to proton structure function ratio \(F_2^n/F_2^p\) (and u / d quark distributions) for \(0.2 \le x \le 0.9\), (B) study the isospin structure of two-nucleon and search for three-nucleon Short Range Correlations (SRC) for \(x < 3\), (C) measure the proton momentum distribution of both nuclei at \(x = 1.2\) to further our understanding of SRCs in the few-body and (D) extract the charge radii of both nuclei at \(Q^2 \le 0.1\,\hbox {GeV}^2\).
Label-free hyperspectral dark-field microscopy for quantitative scatter imaging

A hyperspectral dark-field microscope has been developed for imaging spatially distributed diffuse reflectance spectra from light-scattering samples. In this report, quantitative scatter spectroscopy is demonstrated with a uniform scattering phantom, namely a solution of polystyrene microspheres. A Monte Carlo-based inverse model was used to calculate the reduced scattering coefficients of samples of different microsphere concentrations from wavelength-dependent backscattered signal measured by the dark-field microscope. The results are compared to the measurement results from a NIST double-integrating sphere system for validation. Ongoing efforts involve quantitative mapping of scattering and absorption coefficients in samples with spatially heterogeneous optical properties.
The effects of auditory and visual cues on timing synchronicity for robotic rehabilitation

In this paper, we explore how the integration of auditory and visual cues can help teach the timing of motor skills for the purpose of motor function rehabilitation. We conducted a study using Amazon's Mechanical Turk in which 106 participants played a virtual therapy game requiring wrist movements. To validate that our results would translate to trends that could also be observed during robotic rehabilitation sessions, we recreated this experiment with 11 participants using a robotic wrist rehabilitation system as means to control the therapy game. During interaction with the therapy game, users were asked to learn and reconstruct a tapping sequence as defined by musical notes flashing on the screen. Participants were divided into 2 test groups: (1) control: participants only received visual cues to prompt them on the timing sequence, and (2) experimental: participants received both visual and auditory cues to prompt them on the timing sequence. To evaluate performance, the timing and length of the sequence were measured. Performance was determined by calculating the number of trials needed before the participant was able to master the specific aspect of the timing task. In the virtual experiment, the group that received visual and auditory cues was able to master all aspects of the timing task faster than the visual cue only group with p-values < 0.05. This trend was also verified for participants using the robotic arm exoskeleton in the physical experiment.
Impact of chitosan application technique on refrigerated catfish fillet quality

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan application method on refrigerated catfish fillet quality. Chitosan solution was prepared by dissolving a medium molecular weight chitosan (0.5%) in 1% acetic acid solution. Chitosan solution was applied to the fillets using three techniques: (1) spraying (15 mL of chitosan solution per 100 g catfish fillets), (2) dipping for 10 min at a 1:1 ratio (w/v), and (3) vacuum tumbling for 10 min at a 1:1 ratio (w/v). After application of chitosan, the fresh catfish fillets were kept under refrigerated storage (4 °C) for 16 days. The fillets were analyzed for solution pick up, pH, aerobic plate counts (APC), lipid oxidation, total volatile nitrogen (TVB-N), color, and texture. Based on aerobic plate counts and total volatile basic nitrogen analysis, catfish fillets that were vacuum tumbled with chitosan solution had an eight-day shelf life increase and sprayed or dipped fillets had four day increases compared to untreated fillets. This study suggests that vacuum tumbling with chitosan solution can deter the proliferation of aerobic bacteria in catfish fillets under refrigerated storage.
Detection of QTL Underlying Seed Quality Components in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Improving seed composition and quality, including protein, oil, fatty acids, and amino acids contents is an important goal of soybean farmers and breeders. The aim of this study was to map the QTL underlying the contents of protein, oil, fatty acids, and amino acids content with 1510 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using the ‘Hamilton’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (H × S; n = 93). A total of 13 QTL for the traits studied have been mapped on 3 chromosomes (Chr.) of the soybean genome. Three major QTL have been mapped to a 7–13 cM region on Chr 6. One major QTL for oil content (qOIL001) explained approximately 76% of the total phenotypic variation in this population; the second major QTL for amino acid Alanine (Ala;) (qALA001) explained approximately 74% of the total variation in Ala content; moreover, two major QTL for palmitic acid (qPAL001 and qPAL002) were identified on Chr. 6 and explained approximately 21% phenotypic variation in this population. The SNP markers f...
Athletic Training Students' and Preceptors' Perceptions of Active Learning Time and Bug-In-Ear Technology During Clinical Education Experiences

Context: Engaging clinical experiences that allow extensive active learning and patient care interactions are important for the professional development of athletic training students. Understanding...
Impact of Perioperative HbA1c on Reimbursements in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Nationwide Analysis

Abstract Background Patients who have diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk of postoperative complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, much interest has been paid to perioperative glycemic control. However, no prior studies have evaluated the patient variation of HbA1c levels on costs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of obtaining preoperative HbA1c levels on (1) day of surgery (DOS) cost; (2) subsequent 89-day costs; and (3) global 90-day cost. Methods A retrospective query of the Humana insurance claims database was performed from 2007 to 2015 for all DM patients undergoing THA. Only patients with HbA1c (%) levels within 3 months before or after the THA were included. Patients were stratified into 6 groups based on HbA1c starting at 5.5% and increasing by 1% increments to 11.5%; one additional group (11.5%-20%) for extreme cases was analyzed. Correlations between HbA1c level and reimbursements for DOS, subsequent 89-day, and global 90-day period were performed. Results HbA1c level demonstrated a significant correlation to DOS (correlation coefficient = 0.664), subsequent 89-day (correlation coefficient = 0.789), and global 90-day period (correlation coefficient = 0.747) costs. DOS, 89-day, and global 90-day costs significantly increased with increasing HbA1c levels (P Conclusion Higher perioperative HbA1c levels increase the DOS, subsequent 89-day, and global 90-day costs of THA. This was expected as these patients require multidisciplinary care, have longer LOS, and develop more complications. Further investigation into postoperative complications based on glycemic control is warranted.
Koro (Shook Yang) A Culture-Bound Psychogenic Syndrome

Koro, or shook yang, is a culture-bound psychogenic disorder occurring predominantly in men of the Chinese race who live in southern China and the countries of Southeast Asia to which the southern Chinese have migrated. The syndrome has three cardinal manifestations: first, delusions of retraction of the penis into the body with a fear of impending death; second, an intense panic with feelings of collapse, palpitations, sweating, nausea, breathlessness, visual blurring, bodily spasms, pain, and paresthesias; and, third, generally minor complications arising from patientś idiosyncratic remedial measures to physically prevent the ostensible disappearance of the penis into the abdomen (Koro Study Team, 1969). The strength of the delusory belief determines the degree of fear and panic, which in turn determines the vigor with which remedies are attempted, leading to various degrees of physical damage to the genitals.
Future Directions in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

In our aging society, the incidence of prostate cancer will continue to increase, and improvements in detection and treatment of this prevalent yet extremely treatable and curable disease are needed. Research into new molecular markers described in this chapter is especially promising. These markers will improve specificity and sensitivity of screening and will serve to supplement or supplant current prostate-specific antigen screening. Targeted biopsy utilizing new radiographic techniques such as Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy can reduce the number of needle cores and improve pathologic specimen quality. Improvements in anesthetic agents and techniques decrease discomfort and improve patient readiness to undergo prostate biopsy. As emerging research continues to elucidate the pathology of prostate cancer, diagnostic screening expands into genetic and even viral etiologies that may offer the possibility of a vaccine against prostate cancer.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF OWL (AVES: STRIGIDAE) FROM PERU

A new genus and species of tiny owl of the family Strigidae is described from cloud forest in the Departamento de San Mart/n in northern Peru. It appears to be allied to Glaucidium and Micrathene, more closely to the latter than to the former, but generically clearly separable from both of these taxa.--Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70893. Accepted 4 April 1977. Publication costs subsidized by a friend of the LSUMZ. In 1963 the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology had the good fortune to acquire a new genus and species of tanager from Peru, Wetmorethraupis sterrhopte- ron (Lowery and O'Neill 1964). The description of this spectacular bird was received by the ornithological world with considerable interest because the consensus of or- nithologists at the time was that the world's birds were so well known that only a handful remained to be discovered. Since 1963 work in Peru alone by personnel of the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology and by researchers at other institutions has turned up no fewer than 21 new species including four new genera (cf. Lowery and Tallman 1976). Peru is a physiographically and ecologically complex country and many parts of the eastern slopes of the Andes are still unexplored. Because of shifting Pleistocene climatic regimes and the instability and relative recentness of the Andes (Haffer 1974), the patterns of speciation in Peru, as well as in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia, are extremely complicated. We firmly believe that many pockets of unexplored terrain remain, especially along the eastern base of the Andes, that harbor birds still unknown to science. In this paper we describe another in the ever-lengthening series of remarkable discoveries.