cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mothers' Representations of Relationships With Their Children: Relations With Mother Characteristics and Feeding Sensitivity

Objective: To examine parenting representations and feeding interactions of mothers and their children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the extent to which mothers’ representations predict their feeding behavior beyond other mother and child characteristics. Methods: Fifty-eight mothers of children with mild to severe CP ages 16to 52 months were interviewed with an adapted form of the Parent Development Interview (PDI). Correlation and regression analyses examined relations between representations (compliance with parental requests, achievement, secure base, enmeshment, worry about the child’s future, and emotional pain), demographic characteristics, diagnostic severity, and developmental status. Results: Mothers with more compliance-related concerns showed less sensitivity, acceptance, and delight during feeding. Mothers experiencing more emotional pain displayed more hostility. Mothers reporting worries about the child displayed sensitivity and delight. Representations of compliance-related experiences and worry about the child’s future accounted for significant increments in explained variance in mothers’ feeding behavior, after we controlled for children’s skills and abilities. Conclusions: Findings suggest maternal representations of relationships are associated with caregiving behavior for mothers of children with CP apart from other child and maternal characteristics and may be a useful focus for research and practice related to parenting children with special needs.
A Path Analytic Model of Ethical Conflict in Practice and Autonomy in a Sample of Nurse Practitioners

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model of ethical conflict in practice and autonomy in a sample of 254 nurse practitioners working in the primary care areas of family health, pediatrics, adult health and obstetrics/gynecology in the state of Maryland. A test of the model was conducted using a path analytic approach with LISREL 8.30 hypothesizing individual, organizational and societal/market factors influencing ethical conflict in practice and autonomy. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate the parameters most likely to have generated the data. Forty-five percent of the total variance in ethical conflict was explained by the variables of ethical environment and ethical concern. Ethical concern, idealistic philosophy, ethics education in continuing education, percentage of client population enrolled in managed care, and market penetration explained 15% of the total variance in autonomy. The findings of this study indicate that the causal model of ethical conflict in practice and autonomy is consistent with the data and contributed to a fuller understanding of clinical decision making associated with practicing in a managed care environment. The final model supported a conceptual framework that is inclusive of three domains: individual, organizational and societal/market variables.
Dislocation velocity in copper electron irradiated at 100 K

Single crystals of copper are electron irradiated at 100 K and dislocation velocity in the crystal is measured by the etch pit technique at 4.2, 25, and 100 K. It is found that the irradiation reduces the velocity considerably and increases its stress dependence. The dislocation velocity is strongly temperature dependent and it is examined assuming a thermal activation theory. A non-linear relationship observed in the Arrhenius plots is discussed. Kupferkristalle werden bei 100 K elektronenbestrahlt und die Versetzungsgeschwindigkeit in den Kristallen durch Atztechnik bei 4,2; 25 und 100 K gemessen. Es wird gefunden, das die Bestrahlung die Geschwindigkeit betrachtlich reduziert und seine Spannungsabhangigkeit vergrosert. Die Versetzungsgeschwindigkeit ist stark temperaturabhangig. Sie wird mit der Annahme einer thermischen Aktivierungsenergie untersucht. Eine nichtlineare Beziehung in den Arrhenius-Kurven wird diskutiert.
Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction

Research on mosquito chemical repellents continues to advance, along with knowledge of mosquito olfaction and behavior, mosquito-host interactions and chemical structure. New tools and technologies have revealed information about insect olfactory mechanisms and processing, providing a more complex approach for the interpretation of how chemical repellents influence host-seeking and feeding behavior. Even with these advances, there is still a large amount of information contained in the early works on insect repellents. Many of the standard test methods and chemicals that are still used for evaluating active repellents were developed in the 1940s. These studies contain valuable references to the activity of different structural classes of chemicals, and serve as a guide to optimization of select compounds for insect repellency effects.
Differentiation of function among the RsbR paralogs in the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis with regard to light perception

The general stress response of Bacillus subtilis can be activated by a wide range of signals, including low intensities of visible light. It is regulated by a dedicated sigma factor via a complex signal transduction pathway that makes use of stressosomes: hetero-oligomeric complexes that include one or more of the RsbR proteins (RsbRA, RsbRB, RsbRC, and RsbRD). The response to blue light is mediated by the photoreceptor YtvA. We show here which of the four RsbR proteins are necessary for the activation of the sigma(B) response by blue light. Experiments performed with single-, double-, and triple-deletion strains in the rsbR genes show that RsbRB and RsbRA function antagonistically, with the former being a negative regulator and the latter a positive regulator of the YtvA-dependent light activation of the stress response. A strain with RsbRB as the only RsbR protein is unable to respond to light-activation of sigma(B). Furthermore, RsbRC and RsbRD can replace RsbRA's function only in the absence of RsbRB. This differentiation of function is confined to light stress, since strains with RsbRA or RsbRB as the only RsbR protein behave similarly in our experimental conditions in response to physicochemical stresses. Interestingly, RsbRB's absence is sufficient to result in light activation of the general stress response at wild-type expression levels of ytvA, while it was previously reported that YtvA could only activate sigma(B) when overproduced, or when cells are supplemented with an additional environmental stress.
ATM: paving the information superhighway

A new generation of networking requirements is fueling the growth of a cell-based communications technology known as the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). ATM technology allows the integration of voice, video, traditional data, and other traffic types on a single network. ATM offers a unique opportunity to deploy the same standardized networking technology in both the wide-area and local-area environments. IBM has introduced a family of products that provides a complete ATM solution for customers. The products support ATM standards, allowing the products to interwork with devices from other vendors. This paper provides a tutorial on ATM technology and an overview of the IBM ATM product family. The IBM 8260 Intelligent Switching Hub is described as a representative ATM product.
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE ON NATURAL FORESTS AND FORESTRY IN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

Abstract Climatic change can have significant impacts on tropical forests. Of greatest concern in Brazil is potential alteration of the hydrological cycle in Amazonia as a result of reduction in evapotranspiration that could be expected from a continuation of present deforestation trends. Other possible changes in Amazonia are more speculative, but merit research to better assess their likelihood of occurrence and potential severity. These include possible increased cloudiness in the northeast corner of the region (decreasing primary productivity there), increased tree mortality throughout the region as a consequence of differential stimulation of vine growth by carbon dioxide (CO 2) enrichment, increased carbon uptake by some tree species stimulated by CO 2 enrichment, and a variety of possible indirect effects of increased drought severity and frequency. Changes in temperature and rainfall as a result of global warming are expected to be slight at equatorial latitudes, but some changes could occur. While global warming changes imply expansion of the area climatically suitable for tropical forest, human activity converting these lands to uses other than tropical forests makes it unlikely that much, if any, of the potential for forest expansion would be realized. Human impacts on Brazil's Amazonian forests are great, and can be expected to respond to changes stemming from population growth and migration, economic activity and development policies. Some of the human impacts on forests will be affected by climatic changes in other parts of Brazil and in other parts of the world. Brazil is fortunate in having large areas of natural forest. This area, together with Brazil's large area of land not currently forested that is suitable for silvicultural plantations, makes the country relatively secure in supplying its own needs for forest products—at least through the year 2050—despite possible erosion of forest resources by climatic change. Many other countries are not so fortunate, and Brazil's capacity to supply forest products to the rest of the world is finite.
Adaptive Online Gradient Descent

We study the rates of growth of the regret in online convex optimization. First, we show that a simple extension of the algorithm of Hazan et al eliminates the need for a priori knowledge of the lower bound on the second derivatives of the observed functions. We then provide an algorithm, Adaptive Online Gradient Descent, which interpolates between the results of Zinkevich for linear functions and of Hazan et al for strongly convex functions, achieving intermediate rates between √T and log T. Furthermore, we show strong optimality of the algorithm. Finally, we provide an extension of our results to general norms.
Cutting Edge Commentary: Two B-1 or Not To Be One

B-1 cells differ from conventional B-2 cells both phenotypically and functionally. Two seemingly mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of B-1 cells. The lineage hypothesis holds that certain B cell precursors are destined early on to become B-1 cells. The differentiation hypothesis holds that every B cell has the same potential to acquire B-1 characteristics. Reconsideration of previous studies of transgenic and knockout mice, plus recent results identifying differences between splenic and peritoneal B-1 cells, point to unexpected complexity in the pathway leading to B-1 status. A new paradigm is suggested, in which surface Ig signaling is required for B-1 cell production, but in which the signaling threshold and context that lead to B-1 cell development and/or expansion differ for particular B cell precursors. Surface Ig signaling may also produce receptor editing, apoptotic deletion, and tolerance induction; how these different outcomes are determined remains uncertain.
Selective Overexpression of the Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Factor, HIF-2α, in Placentas from Women with Preeclampsia

Transcription factors orchestrate the development of extraembryonic tissues. Because placental hypoxia likely plays an important role in both normal and abnormal placentation, we have been investigating the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) in the human placenta. In this report, we focus on the placentas from women with preeclampsia. Because the placenta is a large, heterogeneous organ, we employed a systematic and unbiased approach to placental sampling, and our results are based on the analyses of eight biopsy sites per placenta. We observed no significant differences in HIF-1a or -2a mRNA expression between normal term and preeclamptic placentas. Nor was HIF protein expression significantly different, with the notable exception of HIF-2a, which, on average, was increased by 1.7-fold in the preeclamptic placentas (P , 0.03 vs. normal term placentas). Considering all 48 paired placental biopsy sites (eight sites each for six normal term and six preeclamptic placentas), HIF-2a protein levels in the preeclamptic placentas exceeded those in the normal term placentas in 39, or 81%, of the paired sites (P , 0.0013). The HIF-2a immunoreactivity was mainly located in the nuclei of the syncytiotrophoblast and fetoplacental vascular endothelium in the preeclamptic villous placenta. To control for the earlier gestational age of the preeclamptic placentas, an additional group of placentas from preterm deliveries without preeclampsia were also evaluated. The HIF protein expression was comparable in these preterm specimens and the normal term placentas. We conclude that protein expression of HIF-2a, but not of HIF-1a or -1b, is selectively increased in the preeclamptic placenta. The molecular mechanism(s) of this abnormality as well as the genes affected downstream are currently under investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of abnormal HIF-2a expression in human disease other than cancer. developmental biology, gene regulation, placenta, syncytiotrophoblast, trophoblast
Prospective Analysis of the Incidence of Ipsilateral Adrenal Metastasis in Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma

AbstractPurpose: The incidence of ipsilateral adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma was evaluated in a prospective fashion to understand more fully the natural history of this disease.Materials and Methods: During a 15-month period 128 radical nephrectomies were performed for stages T1 to T3bN0M0 renal cell carcinoma at our institution. Of these specimens 100 adrenal glands were of sufficient integrity to allow for thin sectioning.Results: Among the 100 adrenal glands 4 adrenal lesions were discovered (2 metastatic renal cell carcinomas and 2 benign adrenal lesions). All 4 lesions were identified preoperatively by computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusions: Our prospective investigation demonstrates that the rate of ipsilateral adrenal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is approximately 2 percent, and suggests that when the ipsilateral adrenal gland is well visualized and of normal integrity on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography adrenal sparing...
Radiated energy and the rupture process of the Denali fault earthquake sequence of 2002 from broadband teleseismic body waves

Displacement, velocity, and velocity-squared records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analyzed to determine the rupture characteristics of the Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 ( M W 7.9, M e 8.1). Three episodes of rupture can be identified from broadband (∼0.1–5.0 Hz) waveforms. The Denali fault earthquake started as a M W 7.3 thrust event. Subsequent right-lateral strike-slip rupture events with centroid depths of 9 km occurred about 22 and 49 sec later. The teleseismic P waves are dominated by energy at intermediate frequencies (0.1–1 Hz) radiated by the thrust event, while the SH waves are dominated by energy at lower frequencies (0.05–0.2 Hz) radiated by the strike-slip events. The strike-slip events exhibit strong directivity in the teleseismic SH waves. Correcting the recorded P -wave acceleration spectra for the effect of the free surface yields an estimate of 2.8 × 10 15 N m for the energy radiated by the thrust event. Correcting the recorded SH -wave acceleration spectra similarly yields an estimate of 3.3 × 10 16 N m for the energy radiated by the two strike-slip events. The average rupture velocity for the strike-slip rupture process is 1.1 β –1.2 β . The strike-slip events were located 90 and 188 km east of the epicenter. The rupture length over which significant or resolvable energy is radiated is, thus, far shorter than the 340-km fault length over which surface displacements were observed. However, the seismic moment released by these three events, 4 × 10 20 N m, was approximately half the seismic moment determined from very low-frequency analyses of the earthquake. The difference in seismic moment can be reasonably attributed to slip on fault segments that did not radiate significant or coherent seismic energy. These results suggest that very large and great strike-slip earthquakes can generate stress pulses that rapidly produce substantial slip with negligible stress drop and little discernible radiated energy on fault segments distant from the initial point of nucleation. The existence of this energy-deficient rupture mode has important implications for the evaluation of the seismic hazard of very large strike-slip earthquakes.
An octave-band family of non-redundant directional filter banks

This paper introduces an octave-band family of directional filter banks for images, capable of dividing the spatial frequency spectrum both angularly and radially using an efficient structure. The new directional filter bank employs efficient separable analysis and synthesis filters with perfect reconstruction. Unique to the octave-band directional filter bank family are the properties of joint radial frequency selectivity and pyramid oriented frequency selectivity, all within a maximally decimated structure.
An Integrative Business Case Utilizing An Online Database

This paper describes a unique business case that is an integration of topics in accounting information systems, managerial accounting, economics, and marketing into a single comprehensive student project on the internet. The project described gives students experience using an online database and php coding to interact with this database. The problem also involves demand functions and profit maximization with elementary calculus. The information system used is a website that assists a company employee in setting prices of products for optimal profit, given information concerning demand function parameters, costs, and marketing options. Although this project was used in an accounting information systems course, it could also be utilized in other courses such as introductory database management systems, managerial accounting, or introductory information technology. The project can be easily modified to align with the experience and sophistication of the students.
The Uneven Aesthetics of I. Allan Sealy's The Trotter-Nama : Secularization, Nationalism, and the Marginalization of the Anglo-Indian Community

I. Allan Sealy’s The Trotter-Nama: A Novel narrates the four-hundred-year history of the Anglo-Indian minority in India. While critics point to the novel’s use of postmodern strategies to criticize Indian nationalism for marginalizing the Anglo-Indians, they have not noticed the novel’s uneven aesthetics—as the novel progresses it turns into a linear narrative and the postmodern parody declines. Though critics have suggested that the aesthetics of minority writing are shaped by nationalism, I argue that the uneven aesthetics of The Trotter-Nama are a consequence of the Anglo-Indian community’s decision to “secularize” itself—to create an “essentialized” Anglo-Indian identity—during colonial rule. The excess of postmodern parody at the novel’s beginning captures the fluidity of identity within the Anglo-Indians during the early years of their existence. However, the parody declines as the Community consciously secularizes itself—defining itself in contrast to other communities in India and in opposition to Indian nationalism.
Shallow geophysical survey across the Pahrump Valley Fault Zone, California-Nevada border

We employ seismic reflection, magnetics, and electromagnetics to locate precisely the southern extension of the Pahrump Valley Fault Zone (PVFZ) and ex- amine its subsurface geometry. The southern extension of the PVFZ is active and represents a potential seismic hazard for Las Vegas. We observe pronounced mag- netic and conductivity anomalies, and truncations of reflectors in the seismic profiles coincident with one of three Holocene scarps in southern Pahrump Valley. These geophysical techniques in combination can locate faults more precisely than the presence of eroded scarps.
Essential Role of Mesolimbic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Chronic Social Stress–Induced Depressive Behaviors

Abstract Background Previous work has shown that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) induces increased phasic firing of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) selectively in mice that are susceptible to the deleterious effects of the stress. In addition, acute optogenetic phasic stimulation of these neurons promotes susceptibility in animals exposed to acute defeat stress. These findings are paradoxical, as increased DA signaling in NAc normally promotes motivation and reward, and the influence of chronic phasic VTA firing in the face of chronic stress is unknown. Methods We used CSDS with repeated optogenetic activation and pharmacologic manipulations of the mesolimbic VTA-NAc pathway to examine the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and DA signaling in depressive-like behaviors. We measured BDNF protein expression and DA release in this model. Results Pharmacologic blockade of BDNF–tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling, but not DA signaling, in NAc prevented CSDS-induced behavioral abnormalities. Chronic optogenetic phasic stimulation of the VTA-NAc circuit during CSDS exacerbated the defeat-induced behavioral symptoms, and these aggravated symptoms were also normalized by BDNF-TrkB blockade in NAc. The aggravated behavioral deficits induced by phasic stimulation of the VTA-NAc pathway were blocked as well by local knockdown of BDNF in VTA. Conclusions These findings show that BDNF-TrkB signaling, rather than DA signaling, in the VTA-NAc circuit is crucial for facilitating depressive-like outcomes after CSDS and they establish BDNF-TrkB signaling as a pathologic mechanism during periods of chronic stress.
Inhibition of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) transduction by bronchial secretions from cystic fibrosis patients

The conducting airways are the primary target for gene transfer in cystic fibrosis (CF), yet the inflammation associated with CF lung disease could potentially pose a significant barrier to gene transfer vectors, such as recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). In order to investigate this possibility, aliquots of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from eight individuals with CF were tested for their in vitro inhibitory effects on rAAV transduction, along with BAL from non-CF individuals. While the non-CF BAL fluid was not inhibitory, seven of eight CF BAL samples had significant inhibitory activity, resulting in a five- to 20-fold reduction in transduction events. Inhibition of rAAV transduction by CF BAL could be reversed by alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), but not by DNase. When neutrophil elastase and neutrophil alpha defensins (human neutrophil peptides, HNP) were measured in these samples, they were elevated by 500- and 10,000-fold, respectively. The levels of HNP correlated inversely with the amount of rAAV transduction. Furthermore, rAAV transduction could be blocked by purified HNP in an AAT-reversible manner at HNP concentrations within the range measured in these fluids. We conclude that products of inflammation in CF BAL fluid are inhibitory to rAAV transduction, and that these effects may be reversible by AAT.
APPLICATION OF ENDOVASCULAR SUTURE OCCLUSION OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY IN GERBILS TO OBTAIN CONSISTENT INFARCTION

Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by endovascular suture has gained increasing acceptance because it is relatively non-invasive and allows reperfusion. However, its application in rats has resulted in inconsistent infarction volumes which involve only the subcortex or subcortex plus some cortex. In order to eliminate this drawback, we applied the intraluminal suture occlusion of MCA to gerbils that have an incomplete Circle of Willis. MCAO was induced by inserting an endovascular 5-0 nylon suture with a blunted tip into the Circle of Willis. Animals were divided into two groups: permanent MCAO for 24 h (n = 8) and transient MCAO for 3 h with 21 h reperfusion (n = 8). The corrected infarction volume in the permanent MCAO group was 232 +/- 37 mm3 whereas it was 230 +/- 45 mm3 in the transient MCAO group. All animals in both groups had infarction in both cortex and subcortex. Results of this study show that endovascular suture occlusion of MCA can be easily applied in gerbils to obtain consistent infarction. This would allow both transient and permanent focal ischemia to be tested in the same model of ischemia.
Arachnoiditis ossificans and syringomyelia: A unique presentation.

BACKGROUND Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare disorder that was differentiated from leptomeningeal calcification by Kaufman and Dunsmore in 1971. It generally presents with progressive lower extremity myelopathy. Though the underlying etiology has yet to be fully described, it has been associated with various predisposing factors including vascular malformations, previous intradural surgery, myelograms, and adhesive arachnoiditis. Associated conditions include syringomyelia and arachnoid cyst. The preferred diagnostic method is noncontrast computed tomography (CT). Surgical intervention is still controversial and can include decompression and duroplasty or durotomy. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors report the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of paraplegia who presented with a urinary tract infection and dysautonomia. His past surgical history was notable for a C4-C6 anterior fusion and an intrathecal phenol injection for spasticity. A magnetic resonance image (MR) also demonstrated a T6-conus syringx. At surgery, there was significant ossification of the arachnoid/dura, which was removed. After a drain was placed in the syrinx, there was a significant neurologic improvement. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates a unique presentation of AO and highlights the need for CT imaging when a noncommunicating syringx is identified. In addition, surgical decompression can achieve good results when AO is associated with concurrent compressive lesions.
Ulcerative colitis-like lesion in Siamang gibbons.

A fatal ulcerative colitis-like lesion, occurring in association with socioenviron-mental upheaval, is described in 4 Siamang gibbons. Because these animals resided in zoos, it was possible to rule out shigellosis with any degree of certainty in only 1 of the 4 cases. The clinical picture was compatible with acute Shigella dysentery in the remaining 3 animals, but it was remarkable that none of the cagemates or adjacent animals developed diarrhea, and that the apparent precipitating emotional stress was identical in the 3 animals that died.
Expanding the phenotype of hawkinsinuria: new insights from response to N -acetyl-L-cysteine

Hawkinsinuria is a rare disorder of tyrosine metabolism that can manifest with metabolic acidosis and growth arrest around the time of weaning off breast milk, typically followed by spontaneous resolution of symptoms around 1 year of age. The urinary metabolites hawkinsin, quinolacetic acid, and pyroglutamic acid can aid in identifying this condition, although their relationship to the clinical manifestations is not known. Herein we describe clinical and laboratory findings in two fraternal twins with hawkinsinuria who presented with failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis. Close clinical follow-up and laboratory testing revealed previously unrecognized hypoglycemia, hypophosphatemia, combined hyperlipidemia, and anemia, along with the characteristic urinary metabolites, including massive pyroglutamic aciduria. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) restored normal growth and normalized or improved most biochemical parameters. The dramatic response to NAC therapy supports the idea that glutathione depletion plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hawkinsinuria.
SGLT2 Inhibitors—Sweet Success for Diabetic Kidney Disease?

This is an exciting time for diabetes therapeutics. In addition to insulins, biguanides ( e.g., metformin), sulfonylureas, α glucosidase-inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones, a number of new classes of glucose-lowering medications have recently been developed and brought to the clinic.[1][1] These
COMPOSITION OF CYTOCHROME c OXIDASE

This chapter discusses the composition of cytochrome c oxidase. It was earlier proposed that cytochrome a consisted of two components, namely, cytochrome a and cytochrome a 3. However, the component with a strong affinity for carbon monoxide in the reduced state and for cyanide in the oxidized state, and with a weak absorption at 600 m μ (relative to 605 m μ ) and a strong absorption at 448 m μ (relative to 452 m μ ) was cytochrome a 3 . In a study discussed in the chapter, fractions from heart muscle mitochondrial fragments with deoxycholate were prepared and a good correlation was found between the copper content and the height of the 601 m μ absorption of the reduced enzyme. Even though in these experiments, the correlation between the copper content and the activity was not good, it can be concluded that the enzyme was a copper-protein.
New SHARE 2010 HSI-LiDAR dataset: re-calibration, detection assessment and delivery

This paper revisits hyperspectral data collected from the SpecTIR hyperspectral airborne Rochester Experiment (SHARE) in 2010. It has been determined that there were calibration issues in the SWIR portion of the data. This calibration issue is discussed and has been rectified. Approaches for calibration to radiance and compensation to reflectance are discussed based on in-scene information and radiative transfer codes. In addition to the entire flight line, a much large target detection test and evaluation chip has been created which includes an abundance of potential false alarms. New truth masks are created along with results from target detection algorithms. Co-registered LiDAR data is also presented. Finally, all ground truth information (ground photos, metadata, MODTRAN tape5, ASD ground spectral measurements, target truth masks, etc.), in addition to the HSI flight lines and co-registered LiDAR data, has been organized, packaged and uploaded to the Center for Imaging Science / Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Lab web server for public use.
Achievement of Guideline-Concordant Care and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals Results From the Get With The Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease Program

Background—Secondary prevention therapies improve longitudinal outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Previous studies showed that teaching hospitals (THs) more consistently use evidence-based secondary prevention therapies than non-THs (NTHs). It is unclear whether these differences persist after initiation of a national quality improvement system. Methods and Results—We analyzed 270902 patients across 361 hospitals in the Get With The Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease program from June 2000 to September 2009. The primary outcome was guideline-concordant care, defined as compliance with all Get With The Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease quality measures: (1) aspirin within 24 hours, (2) aspirin at discharge, (3) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers for systolic dysfunction, (4) β-blockers at discharge, (5) lipid therapy if low-density lipoprotein >100 mg/dL, and (6) smoking cessation. We used multivariate modeling to compare the relationship between TH and N...
TTL Logic and CMOS-TTL Interface

This chapter starts with Transistor-Transistor-Logic (TTL), explains the circuit operation of a TTL inverter, TTL NAND and NOR gates, their logic levels and fan-out limit. However, the emphasis of this chapter is more about the CMOS-TTL interface and the various circuits used at the interface for successful logic translation.
Interobserver Agreement in Pediatric Cervical Spine Injury Assessment Between Prehospital and Emergency Department Providers

Background Investigators have derived cervical spine injury (CSI) decision support tools from physician observations. There is a need to demonstrate that prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) providers can use these tools to appropriately determine the need for spinal motion restrictions and make field disposition decisions. Objective To determine the inter-observer agreement between EMS and emergency department (ED) providers for CSI risk assessment variables and overall gestalt for CSI in children after blunt trauma. Methods This was a planned, sub-study of a four-site, prospective cohort of children <18 years transported by EMS to pediatric EDs for evaluation of CSI after blunt trauma. Inclusion criteria were trauma team activation and/or EMS-initiated spinal motion restriction. Exclusion criteria were penetrating trauma, transfer to another facility for definitive care, state custody or substantial language barrier. For each eligible child, the transporting EMS provider and treating ED provider independently recorded their clinical assessment for CSI. This included mechanism of injury and patient history and physical examination findings. We assessed each paired variable for inter-observer agreement between EMS and ED provider using kappa (κ) analysis. We considered variables with κ lower confidence interval (LCL) values ≥0.4 to have moderate or better agreement. Results We obtained 1,372 paired observations for 29 variables. After adjusting for finding prevalence and observer bias, all variables achieved moderate to better agreement including eight variables previously shown to be independently associated with CSI in children: diving mechanism, high-risk motor vehicle crash, altered mental status, focal neurologic findings, neck pain, torticollis, substantial torso injury, and predisposing medical condition. EMS and ED providers, however, showed less than moderate agreement for their overall gestalt for CSI in children. Of note, both EMS and ED providers did not assess for neck pain, inability to move the neck and/or cervical spine tenderness in more than 10% of study patients. Conclusion EMS and ED providers achieved at least moderate agreement in the assessment of CSI risk factors in children after blunt trauma. However, EMS and ED providers did not achieve moderate agreement on gestalt for CSI and some risk factors went unassessed by providers. These findings support the development of a pediatric CSI risk assessment tool for EMS and ED providers to reduce interventions for those children at very low-risk for CSIs while still identifying all children with injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
CRT-400.02 The Impact of Patient BMI on Radiation Dose Among Scrub Technologists During Cardiac Catheterization

Increasing patient body mass index (BMI) results in greater scatter radiation during fluoroscopy, yet the impact of patient BMI on scrub tech radiation dose during coronary angiography has not been studied. Real-time radiation exposure data were prospectively collected during coronary angiography.
Role of scan strategies on thermal gradient and solidification rate in electron beam powder bed fusion

Abstract Local microstructure control in electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) is of great interest to the additive manufacturing community to realize complex part geometry with targeted performance. The local microstructure control relies on having a detailed understanding of local melt pool physics (e.g., 3-D melt pool shape as well as spatial and temporal variations of thermal gradient (G) and solidification rate (R)). In this research, a new scan strategy referred to as ghost beam is numerically evaluated as a candidate to achieve the targeted G and R of IN718 alloy. The boundary conditions for simulations, including the speed (490 mm/s) and spatial locations of the beam within a given layer, are obtained by using series of snapshot images, recorded at 12,000 frames per second, using a high-speed camera. The heat transfer simulations were performed using TRUCHAS an open-source software deployed within a high-performance computational infrastructure. The simulation results showed that reheating at short beam on-time and time delay decreases both G and R. Local variation of R at the center of the melt pool trailing edge showed periodic temporal fluctuations. Finally, the ghost beam scan strategy was compared to other existing raster and spot scan strategies.
An integrated methodology for model checking and failure coverage of fault tolerant architectures for by-wire systems

In an effort to generate a safety assessment of various fault tolerant architectures for by-wire systems, we developed a methodology integrating system model checking including exercising all redundant aspects of the fault tolerant design. The system model definition includes both normal and failed modes of operation. The nominal behaviour operation and the failed mode of operation are checked via formal verification of some fault tolerance requirements. The comparison of the architectures can consist of several measures: fault recovery latency, fault tolerance to single point failures, fault tolerance to multiple point failures, and the complexity of the verification property observers. Failure coverage comparison of the designs can be facilitated by a proposed systematic management of verification of recovery properties for a set of failure modes.
MO-SCF calculations for B2O3

The results of ab-initio molecular self-consistent field calculations with atomic optimized Gaussian bases are reported for the B2O3 molecule. These distinguish between several plausible structures and yield a V-shaped structure as the minimum energy geometry.
Histological analysis of bone

Bone is an important target tissue for alcohol. Moderate alcohol consumption may slow bone loss during aging, but alcohol consumption inhibits bone growth during adolescence, and alcohol abuse in adults is an important risk factor for osteoporosis. Various techniques have been applied for evaluating the impact of alcohol on bone, including densitometry for assessment of bone mass and density, computed tomography for evaluation of bone microarchitecture, serum biochemistry for measurement of markers of global bone resorption and formation, and histomorphometry for assessment of cellular activity. Of these methods, histomorphometry is the gold standard for assessing bone because it is the only method for the direct in situ analysis of bone cells and their activities. The procedures described in this chapter provide tools for the histomorphometric characterization of the effects of alcohol on cancellous and cortical bone growth and turnover. Specifically detailed are processes for embedding, cutting, staining, and evaluating histological bone specimens with a focus on rodent models.
Neural Implants: A Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Following the seminal studies of Stenevi et al. (1976) and Lund and Hauschka (1976), the techniques of neural transplantation have been increasingly employed to study regeneration and recovery of function in the mammalian brain. Experiments, primarily using fetal rodent donor tissue, have demonstrated that neural grafts can survive and develop relatively normal cytoarchitectural features, neurochemical properties and synaptic relationships when implanted into a host nervous system (for a review see Gash et al., 1985). Neural transplants have been found to be effective in ameliorating neurological deficits in rodent model systems of Parkinson’s disease (Perlow et al., 1979), Huntington’s disease (Isacson et al., 1984), neuroendocrine disorders (Gash et al., 1980; Krieger et al., 1982) and cognitive deficits (Low et al., 1982; Dunnett et al., 1982). These successes with transplants in rodents have led to suggestions that neural transplants might be of therapeutic value in treating human neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (Backlund et al., 1985; Gash et al., 1985). The present paper will review recent studies on transplants in rodents with cognitive deficits, and discuss the potential of using transplants in treating Alzheimer’s disease.
A Pathways Model Approach for Traumatic Brain Injury

The incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) has increased in recent years, now comprising 2.5 million emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths each year in the United States. TBI is frequently a chronic condition with persisting symptoms and disability. This chapter presents a case study in which self-hypnosis, hypnosis-assisted psychotherapy, and palliative care strategies were provided within a multi-modal integrative treatment program for a 38-year-old woman with TBI secondary to motor vehicle accident. Self-hypnosis was helpful in anxiety reduction and pain management. Hypnosis-assisted psychotherapy was beneficial in desensitizing many post-traumatic memories, and in managing post-concussion pain, including neuropathic pain and post-traumatic migraine headaches. A variety of palliative care techniques and spiritual interventions were applied to enhance sleep, moderate cognitive deficits, and enhance quality of life.
Ventricular Arrhythmias Underlie Sudden Death in Rats With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common clinically, now rivaling or exceeding HF with reduced ejection fraction. Sudden death is the leading m...
Donald Trump’s Wall of Whiteness

In this chapter, William Major explores the intersectionality of race, real estate, and power through the racialized discourse of Donald Trump. Through this exploration, Major elucidates the spatialities inherent to the preservation, expression, and reification of whiteness in the United States. Major demonstrates his argument through surveying the verticality (walls), sequestrations, and segregations in Trump’s America.
STEAM Education Research Networking & Next Steps

This session is a follow up to the Research on STEAM Teaching and Learning Workshop that was held May, 11, 2018 and sponsored by the George Mason University Office of Research. Workshop participants and those not able to attend the workshop are invited to join this session for lightning talk networking session for those interested in STEAM Education Research efforts at Mason. Join us as we identify opportunities to collaborate and explore bold and innovative visions for STEAM teaching and learning research at Mason through a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) education research networking session. Several (8-10) faculty from a diverse set of programs will share 1-2 minute "lightning" descriptions of their STEAM teaching and learning research interests. Sharing of interests will be followed by time for open networking to help colleagues identify overlapping interests and opportunities to work together. Session participants will become more familiar with the diversity STEAM teaching and learning research taking place on campus and will be able to identify existing projects of interest, as well as potential collaborators for new ideas. ______________________________________________________________ FULL ABSTRACT: This session is a follow up to the Research on STEAM Teaching and Learning Workshop that was held May, 11, 2018 and sponsored by the George Mason University Office of Research. Workshop participants and those not able to attend the workshop are invited to join this session for lightning talk networking session for those interested in STEAM Education Research efforts at Mason. Join us as we identify opportunities to collaborate and explore bold and innovative visions for STEAM teaching and learning research at Mason through a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) education research networking session. Several (8-10) faculty from a diverse set of programs will share 1-2 minute "lightning" descriptions of their STEAM teaching and learning research interests. Sharing of interests will be followed by time for open networking to help colleagues identify overlapping interests and opportunities to work together. By the end of this session participants will be able to name 3 potential collaborators for their teaching and learning projects. Presenter list:Carley Fisher-MalteseMargret HjalmarsonKimberly HolmesAdam WinslerJaime Lester
Learning one’s genetic risk changes physiology independent of actual genetic risk

Millions of people now access personal genetic risk estimates for diseases such as Alzheimer’s, cancer and obesity1. While this information can be informative2–4, research on placebo and nocebo effects5–8 suggests that learning of one’s genetic risk may evoke physiological changes consistent with the expected risk profile. Here we tested whether merely learning of one’s genetic risk for disease alters one’s actual risk by making people more likely to exhibit the expected changes in gene-related physiology, behaviour and subjective experience. Individuals were genotyped for actual genetic risk and then randomly assigned to receive either a ‘high-risk’ or ‘protected’ genetic test result for obesity via cardiorespiratory exercise capacity (experiment 1, N = 116) or physiological satiety (experiment 2, N = 107) before engaging in a task in which genetic risk was salient. Merely receiving genetic risk information changed individuals’ cardiorespiratory physiology, perceived exertion and running endurance during exercise, and changed satiety physiology and perceived fullness after food consumption in a self-fulfilling manner. Effects of perceived genetic risk on outcomes were sometimes greater than the effects associated with actual genetic risk. If simply conveying genetic risk information can alter actual risk, clinicians and ethicists should wrestle with appropriate thresholds for when revealing genetic risk is warranted. Randomly informing people that they had a high or low genetic risk of obesity changed their gene-related physiology and subjective experience in a manner consistent with the perceived risk, regardless of their actual genetic risk of obesity.
Remote Sensing Best Paper Award for the Year 2014

Remote Sensing has started to institute a “Best Paper” award to recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of remote sensing techniques, design and applications published in Remote Sensing. We are pleased to announce the first “Remote Sensing Best Paper Award” for the year 2014. [...]