cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cannulation strategies in acute type A dissection repair: A systematic axillary artery approach

Abstract Objectives Consensus regarding initial cannulation site for acute type A dissection repair is lacking. Objectives were to review our experience with systematic initial axillary artery cannulation, characterize patients on the basis of cannulation site, and assess outcomes. Methods From January 2000 to January 2017, 775 patients underwent emergency acute type A dissection repair. Initial axillary cannulation was performed in 617 (80%), femoral in 93 (12%), and central in 65 (8.4%). In-hospital mortality and stroke risk factors were identified using logistic regression. Results Reasons for selecting initial central or femoral instead of axillary cannulation included unsuitable axillary anatomy (n = 67; 42%), surgeon preference (n = 38; 24%), hemodynamic instability (n = 34; 22%), and preexisting cannulation (n = 19; 12%). Cannulation site was shifted or added intraoperatively in 82 (11%), with initial cannulation site being axillary (n = 23 of 617; 3.7%), central (6 of 65; 9.2%), or femoral (n = 53 of 93; 57%), for surgeon preference (n = 60; 73%), high flow resistance (n = 13; 16%), increased aortic false lumen flow (n = 6; 7.3%), and other (n = 3; 3.7%). In-hospital mortality was 8.6% (n = 67; lowest for axillary, 7.3% [P = .02]) and stroke 8.3% (n = 64). Hemodynamic instability (odds ratio [OR], 7.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-14), limb ischemia (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5-9.3), stroke (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.2-14), and aortic regurgitation (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2) at presentation were risk factors for mortality and central cannulation site (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.05-5.1) and aortic stenosis (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.6) for stroke. Conclusions Systematic initial axillary cannulation for acute type A dissection repair is safe and effective and can be tailored to patients' specific needs. With this strategy, comparable outcomes are observed among cannulation sites and are largely determined according to patient presentation rather than cannulation site.
SPERG: Scalable Political Event Report Geoparsing in Big Data

Digital newspaper archives accumulated over the last few decades serve as an easily accessible, rich source of information for researchers to conduct analytic studies. Extracting unambiguous geographic identifiers, such as the geographic coordinates solely from text descriptions, a process also known as geoparsing, has proven to be a major challenge when applied to massive corpora like newspaper archives. We focus primarily on archived newspaper reports on political events and aim to parse the exact event location with high accuracy. We identify all the focus locations, which includes all locations mentioned in a report along with the coordinates and task ourselves with recognizing the location where the event actually occurred which we define as our primary focus location. Our objective is to extract the latitude-longitude information of these primary focus locations. Existing geoparsers only partially serve the purpose and are not robust enough to process large data archives in reasonable time. In this paper we propose a framework to extract geolocation information of primary focus location from 76 million documents in a distributed environment.
Dynamic response of Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced-Polymer materials based on multiscale finite element analysis

Abstract Nanocomposites are preferred over conventional materials because of their superior mechanical properties. Studies need to be carried out, especially on the dynamic response of the composite material. The objective of the present work is to study the dynamic response of Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced-Polymer (CNRP) material by developing a 3D multiscale finite-element model of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the composite material to determine its dynamic properties, in terms of its natural frequencies and damping properties. A computational model consisting of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCN), an interface region and the polymer matrix is constructed for this purpose. The SWCN is modeled as a space frame structure by using the Morse potential and as a thin shell model based on Donnell's Shell Theory. The polymer matrix is modeled with the Mooney-Rivlin strain energy to calculate its non-linear response and the interface region is modeled via van der Waals links based on the Lennard-Jones Potential. The natural frequencies of CNRP are compared with the natural frequencies of the polymer matrix. A relation between damping ratio and natural frequencies is then obtained. Finally, the analysis of harmonic response is conducted to characterize the effects of the SWCN reinforcement in the polymer material.
Geolocation From Received Signal Strength

Radio frequency transmitter geolocation has been addressed by many techniques. The approach presented in this paper uses received signal strength measurements to estimate transmitter locations, which can be obtained with relatively simple hardware. Several algorithms are described that do received signal strength-based geolocation and are tested on real-world data. The data is collected from non-ideal environments using a cellphone paired with a software-defined radio.
Sustainable Design Camp as a Platform to apply the Principles of Editing Urban Design to the City’s Strategic Plan

“Sustainable Design Camp” is a collaborative workshop organized by three Universities. Inter-disciplinary and international students are divided into several teams with their specialties as architecture and urban design, building systems, building structures and the landscape architecture under the instruction by the various experts. After the site survey with SWOT analysis, each team will find issues (weakness) and potentials (strength) of the target site. The proposed solutions will be evaluated by the environment evaluation tool CASBEE for community development. Throughout of the entire process, students will be well-educated and trained to facilitate how to utilize their specialties in the inter-disciplinary settings, and furthermore, international approach helps to find out the issues and potentials of the site objectively. This collaborative approach among Public, Academic and Private will be necessary to establish the city’s strategic plan for the sustainable future.
Ion Fluxes and Neutral Gas Ionization Efficiency of the 100-kW Light-Ion Helicon Plasma Source Concept for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment

AbstractLinear plasma devices are cost-effective alternatives for testing materials under reactor-relevant divertor plasma conditions. An intense radio-frequency (RF) plasma source concept for the ...
A Mobile Health App to Improve HIV Medication Adherence: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for allowing persons living with HIV to live longer, healthier lives. However, a large portion of this population has suboptimal adherence and are not virally suppressed. Conventional interventions aimed at improving ART adherence lack portability and scalability, and improvements in adherence are not often sustained. Mobile health (mHealth) ART interventions offer a low-cost and accessible method of improving adherence, but many have limited functionality and do not offer comprehensive support. The combination of an mHealth intervention with a face-to-face adherence intervention and interactive health coaching feature may offer sufficient support in a manner that is sensitive to resource limitations that are often found in HIV treatment settings. This paper details the protocol of a study designed to evaluate the potential of an enhanced mHealth intervention for improving ART adherence. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Fitbit Plus app enhanced with a face-to-face LifeSteps session (Fitbit Plus condition) for improving ART adherence. In addition, we will determine the preliminary efficacy of the intervention by calculating treatment effect sizes. Methods: This study will be conducted in 2 phases. The intervention will be developed and piloted with a small group of participants during phase 1. Pilot participants will provide feedback that will be used to refine the intervention for phase 2. In phase 2, a preliminary randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Fitbit Plus with a condition that approximates the standard of care (SOC) will be conducted with 60 persons living with HIV. Interviews will be conducted with RCT participants at baseline, and follow-up interviews will be conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. ART adherence is the primary outcome and will be monitored throughout the study via electronic pill boxes. Effect sizes will be generated using a fractional logit model estimated by generalized estimating equations. Results: Phase 1 of this trial is complete; data collection for phase 2 is ongoing. Follow-ups with enrolled participants will conclude in January 2020. Conclusions: This study will contribute to the literature on ART adherence and may produce an efficacious intervention. Owing to a small sample size, there may be insufficient power to detect statistically significant differences between Fitbit Plus and SOC. However, if Fitbit Plus is found to be acceptable and feasible and yields promising effect size estimates, this pilot study could serve as the foundation for a larger, fully powered trial of Fitbit Plus.
Analysis of mobility-limiting mechanisms of the two-dimensional hole gas on hydrogen-terminated diamond

Here, we present an analysis of the mobility-limiting mechanisms of a two-dimensional hole gas on hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces. The scattering rates of surface impurities, surface roughness, nonpolar optical phonons, and acoustic phonons are included. Using a Schr\"odinger/Poisson solver, the heavy-hole, light-hole, and split-off bands are treated separately. To compare the calculations with experimental data, Hall-effect devices were fabricated and measured at temperatures ranging from 25 to 700 K with hole sheet densities ranging from 2 to $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and typical mobilities measured from 60 to $100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at room temperature. Existing data from literature were also used, which span sheet densities above $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Our analysis indicates that, for low sheet densities, surface impurity scattering by charged acceptors and surface roughness are not sufficient to account for the low mobility. Moreover, the experimental data suggest that long-range potential fluctuations exist at the diamond surface and are, particularly, enhanced at lower sheet densities. Thus, a second type of surface impurity scattering is proposed and is presumed to arise by disorder related to the carbon-hydrogen dipoles.
Analysis of assessment results of malaria elimination in Suzhou City

Objective To analyze the assessment results of malaria elimination in Suzhou City, so as to provide references for consolidating the results of malaria elimination in the city. Methods According to "Jiangsu Province Malaria Evaluation and Assessment Implementation Plan (2014 Edition)" and "Jiangsu City Malaria Evaluation Implementation Regulations (2015 Edition)", the assessment of the county-level cities and districts under the jurisdiction of Suzhou City was conducted. After the assessment, the municipal level assessment and evaluation were carried out, and one district was randomly selected for the assessment of malaria elimination review. Results The assessment score of malaria elimination in Suzhou City was 98.6 points. Wujiang District was randomly selected for review assessment, and the review score was 95.8 points. According to the 85 points attainment criteria specified by the national assessment, Suzhou City met the requirement of malaria elimination. Conclusions Suzhou City has passed the inspection certification of malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. However, the post-elimination malaria monitoring should be continued to consolidate the achievements.
The potential impact of climate change on non-target risks from imported generalist natural enemies and on biological control

Climate change creates opportunities and constraints for imported biological control agents, target pests, and non-target prey to modify their geographic distributions. However, predictions about how climate change will affect distributions of natural enemies and their hosts/prey cannot be made at present because of insufficient data about how species will respond to climate change, both directly and indirectly. Factors underlying the responses include tolerance to physical changes in the environment, dispersal ability, geography, and habitat requirements. Despite the limitations for making predictions, a review of the literature for imported generalist natural enemies indicates that climate change will result in range expansions or range shifts in some species, and that these changes are likely to increase non-target risks as well as influence the effectiveness of biological control programs. To better guide future decisions concerning importation biological control, additional field studies, experiments, and theoretical models are needed. Recommended actions include conducting surveys for non-target species in areas undergoing climate change, determining tolerances to changes in temperature and precipitation for natural enemies and hosts/prey, incorporating climate data into insect population models, and long-term assessments to document the impact of climate change on non-target species and efficacy of biological control programs. Because climate change will impact both target pests and non-target species, the work will be best-accomplished by grant-funded programs involving interdisciplinary teams of scientists.
Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Amorphous Li3PS4/Polyethylene Oxide Composite Solid Electrolytes with High Li+ Conductivity

Solvent-mediated routes have emerged as an effective, scalable, and low temperature method to fabricate sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes. However, tuning the synthesis conditions to optimize ...
Weak neutral current axial form factor using $ \left(\overline{\nu}\right)\nu $-nucleon scattering and lattice QCD inputs

We present a determination of the neutral current weak axial charge $$ {G}_A^Z(0)=-0.654{(3)}_{\mathrm{stat}}{(5)}_{\mathrm{sys}} $$ using the strange quark axial charge $$ {G}_A^s(0) $$ calculated with lattice QCD. We then perform a phenomenological analysis, where we combine the strange quark electromagnetic form factor from lattice QCD with (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering differential cross section from MiniBooNE experiments in a momentum transfer region 0.24 ≲ Q2 ≲ 0.71 GeV2 to determine the neutral current weak axial form factor $$ {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) $$ in the range of 0 ≲ Q2 ≤ 1 GeV2. This yields a phenomenological value of $$ {G}_A^Z(0) $$ = −0.687(89)stat(40)sys. The value of $$ {G}_A^Z(0) $$ constrained by the lattice QCD calculation of $$ {G}_A^s(0) $$, when compared to its phenomenological determination, provides a significant improvement in precision and accuracy and can be used to provide a constraint on the fit to $$ {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) $$ for Q2> 0. This constrained fit leads to an unambiguous determination of (anti)neutrino-nucleon neutral current elastic scattering differential cross section near Q2 = 0 and can play an important role in numerically isolating nuclear effects in this region. We show a consistent description of $$ {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) $$ obtained from the (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering cross section data requires a nonzero contribution of the strange quark electromagnetic form factor. We demonstrate the robustness of our analysis by providing a post-diction of the BNL E734 experimental data.
Descriptive assessment of adverse events associated with midazolam-etomidate versus saline-etomidate in healthy hydromorphone premedicated dogs

Objectives To determine the frequency, severity and duration of adverse events including myoclonus, pain on injection, hypersalivation, regurgitation and apnoea after administration of midazolam or saline followed by etomidate in hydromorphone premedicated dogs. Materials and methods Dogs undergoing elective dental prophylaxis or soft tissue surgeries were enrolled in this randomised trial. Dogs were premedicated with hydromorphone 0.1 mg/kg IV. Sixty seconds later, midazolam 0.3 mg/kg or saline at an equivalent volume was administered IV. Sixty seconds after that, etomidate 1.5 mg/kg IV was administered over 60 seconds. Additional doses of 0.5 mg/kg etomidate were administered until endotracheal intubation was successful. Observers were blinded to the treatment. Frequency, duration and a severity score of 0 to 3 were recorded for myoclonus, pain on injection, hypersalivation and regurgitation. Duration of apnoea and frequency of any additional complications was recorded. Results Forty variable breed healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Myoclonus, pain on injection, regurgitation, hypersalivation, gagging, tachypnoea and pigmenturia occurred, respectively, in 10%, 40%, 0%, 15%, 35%, 25% and 5% of dogs in the saline group and 0%, 65%, 0%, 10%, 45%, 15% and 5% of dogs in the midazolam group. Apnoea occurred for 115 seconds (range 0 to 660 seconds) and 160 seconds (range 0 to 600 seconds) in the saline and midazolam groups, respectively. Two dogs developed pigmenturia. The trial was stopped early due to the occurrence of pigmenturia. Clinical significance Due to early stopping of the trial, the predefined sample size was not reached. Further investigation is needed to determine if midazolam reduced the incidence of adverse events or improved the induction quality when combined with hydromorphone and etomidate.
Targeting the KRAS α4-α5 allosteric interface inhibits pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.

RAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer with nearly ~20% of cancer patients possessing mutations in one of three RAS genes (K, N or HRAS). However, KRAS is mutated in nearly 90% of pancreatic ductal carcinomas (PDAC). Although pharmacological inhibition of RAS has been challenging, KRAS(G12C)-specific inhibitors have recently entered the clinic. While KRAS(G12C) is frequently expressed in lung cancers, it is rare in PDAC. Thus, more broadly efficacious RAS inhibitors are needed for treating KRAS mutant-driven cancers such as PDAC. A RAS-specific tool biologic, NS1 Monobody, inhibits HRAS- and KRAS-mediated signalling and oncogenic transformation both in vitro and in vivo by targeting the α4-α5 allosteric site of RAS and blocking RAS self-association. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of targeting the α4-α5 interface of KRAS as an approach to inhibit PDAC development using an immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model. Chemically regulated NS1 expression inhibited ERK and AKT activation in KRAS(G12D) mutant KPC PDAC cells and reduced the formation and progression of pancreatic tumours. NS1-expressing tumours were characterized by increased infiltration of CD4 + T helper cells. These results suggest that targeting the #x3B1;4-#x3B1;5 allosteric site of KRAS may represent a viable therapeutic approach for inhibiting KRAS-mutant pancreatic tumours.
Immunomagnetic B cell isolation as a tool to study blood cell subsets and enrich B cell transcripts.

OBJECTIVE Transcriptional profiling of immune cells is an indispensable tool in biomedical research; however, heterogenous sample types routinely used in transcriptomic studies may mask important cell type-specific transcriptional differences. Techniques to isolate desired cell types are used to overcome this limitation. We sought to evaluate the use of immunomagnetic B cell isolation on RNA quality and transcriptional output. Additionally, we aimed to develop a B cell gene signature representative of a freshly isolated B cell population to be used as a tool to verify isolation efficacy and to provide a transcriptional standard for evaluating maintenance or deviation from traditional B cell identity. RESULTS We found RNA quality and RNA-sequencing output to be comparable between donor-matched PBMC, whole blood, and B cells following negative selection by immunomagnetic B cell isolation. Transcriptional analysis enabled the development of an 85 gene B cell signature. This signature effectively clustered isolated B cells from heterogeneous sample types in our study and naive and memory B cells when applied to transcriptional data from a published source. Additionally, by identifying B cell signature genes whose functional role in B cells is currently unknown, our gene signature has uncovered areas for future investigation.
Heidegger and Silence

This short essay offers a critical overview of David Nowell Smith's book Sounding/Silence, focusing on, what the author calls, the “ontologization of poetry” as a way to grasp Heidegger's critique of traditional aesthetics and the novel claim that the human body is already implicated in Heidegger's account of language and poetry. To this end, there is a brief discussion of Heidegger's controversial views on the human/animal relation, the connection between poetry and thinking, and the value of Heidegger's poetics for future scholarship in the area.
Running beyond the bio-inspired regime

The X2-VelociRoACH is a 54 gram experimental legged robot which was developed to test hypotheses about running with unnaturally high stride frequencies. It is capable of running at stride frequencies up to 45 Hz, and velocities up to 4.9 m/s, making it the fastest legged robot relative to size. The top speed of the robot was limited by structural failure. We present new methods and materials to make more robust folded robotic structures. High-frequency running experiments with the robot shows that the power required to cycle its running appendages increase cubically with the stride rate. Our findings show that although it is possible to further increase the maximum velocity of a legged robot with the simple strategy of increasing stride frequency, considerations must be made for the energetic demands of high stride rates.
Domain and type enforcement for linux

Access control in Linux is currently very limited. This paper details the implementation of Domain and Type Enforcement (DTE) in Linux, which gives the system administrator a significant advantage in securing his systems. We control access from domains to types, domain transitions, and signal access between domains, based on a policy which is read at boot time.
Image processing using a universal nonlinear cell

Silicon implementation of many image processing algorithms has been hindered in the past due to their complexity and computational volume. This paper discusses two such algorithms, namely the 'Detection of line segments via Hough transform' and 'Backprojection in CT image reconstruction'. To gain a significant speed advantage, we present a multi-function cell for performing one of four nonlinear operations: (1) square-root, (2) reciprocal, (3) sine/cosine, and (4) arctangent/spl minus/all realized in a single chip, available on a selectable basis, and outputting a new result every two clock cycles. The design and test results of a 24 bit and a 16 bit four-function "two cycle" VLSI chip, both fabricated in 2.0 micron CMOS technology, are described. Also discussed is a new "one-cycle" architecture, which can potentially double the throughput of the chip. Using this nonlinear cell an application level Hough transform module is developed. The Hough module can deliver parameters of the line in the image plane every clock cycle. >
Crystallization and textural porosity of synthetic clay minerals

The crystallization of synthetic layered magnesium silicate hectorite clays from both silica sol and organosilane sources is compared. For the silica sol-derived clays, a templating method is employed wherein organic or polymeric molecules are included during clay crystallization that are then removed from the composites via calcination. The mechanism of silane-derived hectorite formation is followed by XRD, TGA, 29Si MAS NMR, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and results are compared to those obtained for the sol-derived hectorite. The mechanism appears to be similar but the rate is approximately doubled when the silane is used rather than silica sol. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is exploited to glean structural morphology information towards resolving the nature of the resulting pore network structures. Results are compared with nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm behavior; dominant hysteresis loops are present in the type IV isotherms. Pore size distributions based on both the adsorption and desorption isotherms are compared. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments reveal that the average particle size increases as synthetic laponite < sol-derived hectorite < silane-derived hectorite < natural hectorite. Contrast matching SANS studies in aqueous and organic solvents are carried out to extract information about pore accessibility.
Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), Dispersal and Governing Factors

Although the movement of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. On a local scale ( 13 km) is mainly wind-driven by weather fronts that carry stable flies from inland farm areas for up to 225 km to beaches of northwestern Florida and Lake Superior. Stable flies can reproduce for a short time each year in washed-up sea grass, but the beaches are not conducive to establishment. Such movement is passive and does not appear to be advantageous to stable fly’s survival. On a regional scale, stable flies exhibit little genetic differentiation, and on the global scale, while there might be more than one “lineage”, the species is nevertheless considered to be panmictic. Population expansion across much of the globe likely occurred from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene in association with the spread of domesticated nomad livestock and particularly with more sedentary, penned livestock.
Primary care in children with congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart defects, abnormalities in the structural development of the heart, occur in approximately 1% of live births. With improved detection, diagnosis, medical management, and surgical techniques, the number of children surviving with congenital heart disease is increasing. These children require the same comprehensive primary care as all other children; however, there are certain aspects of primary care that will be affected by the presence of a congenital heart defect. This article attempts to clarify the special considerations regarding growth and nutrition, development, physical activity, immunizations, dental care, use of over-the-counter medications, and perioperative concerns for these children. The unique needs of the cardiac transplant patient are beyond the scope of this article.
A probability measure for character compatibility

Abstract It is proved that two undirected binary cladistic characters are compatible iff their smaller states are disjoint or one is a subset of the other. The concept of a cladistic character as an ordered tree of subsets is defined. Cladistic characters that have the same number of elements in their corresponding states are defined to be “nesting equivalent.” The equivalence classes of this relation are called “nestings.” A certain class of n-tuples is shown to have a biunique correspondence with the n!-membered set of all nestings of n binary characters. The model of randomness proposed is that all characters that are nesting equivalent are equally likely. The probability that a pair of undirected binary characters is compatible is derived under this model. This result is extended to collections of undirected binary characters, to collections of directed binary characters, and finally to collections that may include multistate characters. Some proofs are presented which allow a more efficient use of the n-tuple representation of ordered trees of subsets.
The activation and inhibition of adenyl cyclase from the brain of the madagascar cockroach (gromphadorhina portentosa)

Abstract 1. 1. The enzyme adenyl cyclase has been demonstrated for the first time in insect nerve tissue. 2. 2. The assay employed is linear with time for 20 min. A plot of activity against protein concentration reveals a non-linear response very similar to that previously reported for rat pineal gland adenyl cyclase. 3. 3. Known mammalian adenyl cyclase activators, norepinephrine and epinephrine significantly stimulate insect adenyl cyclase; however, isoproterenol is not effective. Fluoride ion is a very potent stimulator. 4. 4. Ecdysterone and 4-aminobutyric acid both appear to inhibit cockroach brain adenyl cyclase.
Highly sensitive object location in tissue models with linear in-phase and anti-phase multi-element optical arrays in one and two dimensions.

Abstract Based upon previous observations of low-frequency photon diffusion waves within highly scattering tissue, this paper explores the "near-field" phenomena of such waves of approximately 10-cm wavelength with 200-MHz phase modulation equipment. Multiple-element source arrays consist of laser diode sources modulated at 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the other sources. The diffusing waves originating from the out-of-phase sources give, in the midplane, an amplitude null and a sharp phase transition. These may be observed in a highly scattering intralipid medium simulating the breast or brain (0.5% intralipid), 3-5 cm from the transmitting laser diodes. In the plane containing the array, there is a high sensitivity for a small volume of a hidden absorber (indocyanine green) deep within a highly scattering medium; 20 pmol in a volume of 70 microliters can be detected. Two-dimensional arrays consisting of four or more elements in two orthogonal planes give sensitivity on both axes similar to the one-dimensional array. Measurements show that in the presence of a light-absorbing object, the amplitude null and the interference plane becomes a curved surface which is deflected toward the heterogeneity. The degree of deflection is related to the volume and the absorption characteristics of the heterogeneity and provides detection of the heterogeneity, and thereby may provide localization information for the detection of small tumors within the human breast, or stroke volumes, aneurysms, and tumors in the human brain.
A neurohormone regulating both methyl farnesoate synthesis and glucose metabolism in a crustacean.

Abstract Methyl farnesoate (MF) has been identified as a juvenile hormone-like compound in crustacea which has central roles in the regulation of development and reproduction. To study the regulation of MF synthesis, we isolated a neuropeptide which inhibits MF synthesis from the neurohemal organ--sinus gland X-organ complex of the spider crabLibinia emarginata.The primary structure of this neuropeptide has been determined. It has 72 amino acid residues (deduced molecular mass 8490.5 Da) with pyroglutamic acid at the N-terminus and NH2at the C-terminus. It shares a high percentage of sequence identity with other sinus gland neuropeptids which form the unique family of CHH neuropeptides of crustacea. Activity studies showed that this neurohormone has dual effects: it inhibited MF synthesisin vitroand had hyperglycemic activity when injected into crabs.
Surgical Team Assessment Training (STAT): Improving surgical teams during deployment

0002-9610/$ see front matter Publish http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.20 Abstract BACKGROUND: Simulation and team training are accepted as critical patient safety strategies to improve team performance and can help achieve better outcomes. Standardized and realistic drills conducted by skilled physicians and nurses who demonstrate consistent use of principles which enhance communication and teamwork increase the likelihood of improved clinical outcomes. METHODS: Two, 4-member surgeon/nurse teams traveled to 8 Army surgical resuscitation medical treatment facilities in Iraq during July and August 2011. At each site, a new program called Surgical Team Assessment Training was introduced and implemented to 220 military personnel. Two multipatient scenarios were designed to test resuscitative and operating room medical decision-making, communication, and co-ordination of care. In addition, 2 hours of didactic instruction emphasized principles of TeamSTEPPS applied to emergency and operating rooms during care of patients with multiple, complex traumatic injuries. Anonymous surveys were completed by participants following the training. RESULTS: Participants were significantly more likely to rate this training as very helpful following training compared with their opinion before participation (53% vs 37%, P , .05). Seventy-seven percent felt that it would improve overall patient outcomes, 78% said it would likely contribute to saving lives in combat, and 98% felt it should be provided to military Emergency Medicine and Surgical residents. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical Team Assessment Training can be successfully implemented in an austere, hostile environment and improve trauma team function by incorporating simulation training models and TeamSTEPPs concepts. Expansion of this program for predeployment and resident training is currently under investigation based on the extremely positive responses. Published by Elsevier Inc.
THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE PROGRAM OF THE ARMY JAPANESE LANGUAGE SCHOOL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN1

HE BASIC MATERIALS AND METHODS underlying the spoken IanT guage programs given to the students of the Army Japanese Language School, the ASTP unit, and the Civil Affairs Training School at the University of Michigan were developed in 1943 and the early part of 1944. The materials used in the programs were changed from time to time in accordance with changing conditions, the chief of which was the gradual shift from training for combat intelligence to training for the work of occupation. The following is a description of the spoken language program given to Classes V, VI, and VII of the Army Japanese Language School. These were the classes that received training both for combat intelligence and for occupation, By May, 1944, when Class IV of the Army Japanese Language School had arrived in Ann Arbor, the staff had acquired enough experience with methods to adopt the oral-aural approach for beginners in the study of Japanese. The oral-aural approach means devoting the first five or six weeks to the spoken language without reference to written materials. The students memorize the spoken models with no attempt at grammatical analysis. They mimic in unison the instructor’s pronunciation of the lesson materials at the beginning of each recitation. The advantages of such a procedure are that the students imitate a good model, the teacher instantly corrects pronunciation, and the subject matter is covered just prior to discussion. In contrast with this procedure, the usual one of individual reading and correction is time-consuming and does not affect, completely, the students who are not reading. In addition, the oralaural approach means that nearly all of the work in the classroom
Biogenic amine hypothesis of affective disorders

Abstract Many lines of evidence suggest that effective disease is a heterogenous group of disorders. Pharmacologic, amine metabolite and neuroendocrine studies have aided in the tentative identification of two subtypes of depressive illness. One subtype may show an abnormality of central NE systems; the other, an abnormality of central 5-HT systems. Manic patients appear to manifest abnormalities of multiple systems biologically which may be related to a disturbance of ion exchange in a variety of cells both within and outside of the CNS. The understanding of these processes is far from complete and are the subject of continued scrutiny.
Silent kidney disease and hypertension in Cambodia--a pilot study in Mercy Medical Center Cambodia.

UNLABELLED The incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been increasing in most developed countries. In developing countries, however, there has been a lack of reliable data. AIM To assess the frequency of unsuspected urine abnormality and hypertension in Cambodia. METHOD From April to December 2012, 1,013 new patient records of the Mercy Medical Center (MMC) in Cambodia were reviewed. 915 patients aged ≥ 18 years were included for analysis. Patients with history of hypertension (HT) were excluded for blood pressure (BP) analysis. Patients with history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or with symptoms of renal disease were excluded for urinalysis study. RESULTS 820 patients had no history of HT. Among this group, 73 (8.9%) had abnormal BP with 60 (7.3%) having BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and 13 (1.6%) having isolated systolic HT (BP ≥ 140/ 5/high power field (HPF)), 156 (30.6%) having either significant proteinuria or hematuria; and 199 (39.0%) had urine white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 1+. Overall, 275 patients (53.9%) had 1 or more urinary abnormalities on urinalysis. CONCLUSION Abnormal urinalysis (53.9%) and abnormal BP measurement (8.9%) were common findings among asymptomatic patients referred to the MMC. Unlike findings in other countries, no association of family history of DM, HT, or CKD and the risk of kidney disease or abnormal BP was found. A comprehensive community screening program for HT and kidney disease is urgently needed to prevent ESRD in Cambodia.
Transient ST-segment episode detection for ECG beat classification

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is an unexpected death caused by loss of heart function when the electrical impulses fired from the ventricles become irregular. Most common SCDs are caused by cardiac arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. They are mainly due to Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), myocardial ischaemia and cardiac arrhythmia. This paper aims at automating the recognition of ST-segment deviations and transient ST episodes which helps in the diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia and also classifying major cardiac arrhythmia. Our approach is based on the application of signal processing and artificial intelligence to the heart signal known as the ECG (Electrocardiogram). We propose an improved morphological feature vector including ST-segment information for heart beat classification by supervised learning using the support vector machine approach. Our system has been tested and yielded an accuracy of 93.33% for the ST episode detection on the European ST-T Database and 96.35% on MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database for classifying six major groups, i.e. Normal, Ventricular, Atrial, Fusion, Right Bundle and Left Bundle Branch Block beats.
Fourier transform microwave spectrometer using an electric-field cross-correlation technique

An electric‐field cross‐correlation technique is described which can be used for measuring microwave rotational absorption spectra and which has a wide range of applications in other areas. The spectrometer is a novel implementation of a Michelson interferometer. The wide bandwidth source is obtained by modulating a single‐frequency signal with a pseudorandom binary sequence. The variable phase delay for determining the cross‐correlation function is obtained synthetically from an identical but out‐of‐phase pseudorandom sequence. The spectrometer operates at X‐band frequencies with a bandwidth of ≂100 MHz and a resolution of ≂100 kHz. The J=1←0 transition of 16O12C32S was observed.
Alteration in nicotinic and muscarinic responses of rabbit superior cervical ganglion cells after chronic preganglionic denervation.

Abstract The effect of chronic preganglionic denervation on the cholinergic responses of the rabbit superior cervical ganglion cells was investigated with intracellular microelectrode techniques in vitro . The nicotinic depolarization of the sympathetic ganglion cells induced by the nicotinic action of acetylcholine and carbachol was substantially decreased after chronic denervation, whereas the muscarinic depolarization of the denervated ganglion cells elicited by the muscarinic action of acetylcholine, carbachol and methacholine was markedly increased. The enhanced muscarinic response of the denervated ganglion cells could be completely blocked by atropine (5 × 10 −5 M). The equilibrium potential of the nicotinic subsynaptic membrane determined by iontophoretically applied acetylcholine appeared to be the same before and after denervation. The ratio of Na and K conductance change (Δg Na /Δg k was not changed appreciably after denervation. Furthermore, the dissociation constant ( K a ) of drug-receptor complex, extrapolated from the double reciprocal plots for nicotinic or muscarinic response was not altered and the ratio of acetylcholine molecule attached to a single nicotinic or muscarinic receptor, which was found to be 1:1, remained unchanged after denervation.
Unified analysis of multipole and finite-mass corrections in long-range Coulombic interactions

Simple expressions are derived for all multipole nonadiabatic and finite-nuclear-mass corrections to the long-range effective potential due to two-Coulomb-photon exchange at threshold energy, and also for first-order energy corrections for the scattering between a spinles point charged particle and a spinless Coulombic complex and between two spinless Coulombic complexes. All these corrections are treated on equal footing, and the results are expressed, respectively, in terms of single-center and London-analog two-center atomic-multipole spectral sums.
Erratum: Yan Guo. Boltzmann diffusive limit beyond the Navier‐Stokes approximation, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics (2006) 59(5) 626‐687

The original article to which this erratum refers was published in Communications on Pure and Applied MathematicsComm Pure Appl Math(2006)59(5) 626.
News from CDC (summer 2011)-translating knowledge to program action for nutrition, physical activity, and obesity interventions.

CDC's Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO) focuses on supporting healthy eating and active living through policy and environmental changes where Americans live, work, learn, and play. Within DNPAO, the Program Development and Translation Team (PDATT)—a cross-disciplinary team of behavioral scientists, epidemiologists, nutritionists, physical activity specialists, and public health educators—works to identify, synthesize, and disseminate evidence- and practice-based interventions to state-funded programs. In addition to the translation efforts of PDATT, DNPAO provides external funding to the Center for Training and Research Translation to translate and disseminate evidence-informed interventions and train practitioners to adapt and implement obesity-prevention interventions.
Cytochrome P450 1A Induction in Sea Ducks Inhabiting Nearshore Areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska

Abstract Following the Exxon-Valdez oil spill, hepatic rates of EROD activity and thus, P450 1A expression, were significantly higher in harlequin ducks ( Histrionicus histrionicus ) and Barrow’s goldeneyes ( Bucephala islandica ) from oiled areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska when compared to birds from unoiled sites. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure did not account for areal differences in P450 1A induction in harlequin ducks. Background hydrocarbon levels in Prince William Sound were negligible prior to the 1989 oil spill, but remnant Exxon-Valdez oil was still present in nearshore habitats of the spill zone coincident with our study. We conclude that P450 1A induction in sea ducks from areas oiled during the Exxon-Valdez oil spill was likely due to exposure to residual oil. We speculate that biochemical and physiological changes in individuals chronically exposed to oil may be constraining population recovery of some sea duck species affected by the spill.
Recent results of high-energy spin phenomena of gluons and sea-quarks in polarized proton-proton collisions at RHIC at BNL

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory is carrying out a spin physics program in high-energy polarized proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\,$GeV and $\sqrt{s}=500\,$GeV to gain a deeper insight into the spin structure and dynamics of the proton. One of the main objectives of the spin physics program at RHIC is the precise determination of the polarized gluon distribution function. The STAR detector is well suited for the reconstruction of various final states involving jets, $\pi^{0}$, $\pi^{\pm}$, e$^{\pm}$ and $\gamma$, which allows to measure several different processes. Recent results suggest a gluon spin contribution to the proton spin at the same level as the quark spin contribution itself. The production of $W$ bosons in polarized p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=500\,$GeV opens a new era in the study of the spin-flavor structure of the proton. $W^{-(+)}$ bosons are produced in $\bar{u}+d\;(\bar{d}+u)$ collisions and can be detected through their leptonic decays, $e^{-}+\bar{\nu}_{e}\;(e^{+}+\nu_{e})$, where only the respective charged lepton is measured. Results of $W^{-(+)}$ production suggest a large asymmetry between the polarization of anti-$u$ and anti-$d$ quarks.
Complex spike activity in the flocculus signals more than the eye can see.

Abstract: Modulation of the complex spike activity of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus can convey not only visual signals but also nonvisual signals. The nonvisual complex spike modulation, which is readily observed with vestibular stimulation of the awake rabbit in darkness, is approximately in-phase with the concomitant simple spike modulation. This nonreciprocal relationship contrasts to the reciprocal relationship found when the rabbit is afforded vision.
A Non-Newtonian Newtonian Model of Evolution: The ZFEL View

Recently philosophers of biology have argued over whether or not Newtonian mechanics provides a useful analogy for thinking about evolutionary theory. For philosophers, the canonical presentation of this analogy is Sober's. Matthen and Ariew and Walsh, Lewins, and Ariew argue that this analogy is deeply wrong-headed. Here I argue that the analogy is indeed useful, however, not in the way it is usually interpreted. The Newtonian analogy depends on having the proper analogue of Newton's First Law. That analogue is what McShea and Brandon call the Zero Force Evolutionary Law (ZFEL). According to the ZFEL, change, not stasis, is the default state of evolutionary systems.
Sex-Role Imitation in Children: Effects of Sex of Child, Sex of Model, and Sex-Role Appropriateness of Modeled Behavior.

The qualifying influence of the sex-role appropriateness of observed behavior on children's same-sex imitation was investigated. In each of two studies employing a 2×2×2 design, girls and boys observed a live male or female model display appropriate (to the child's sex) or inappropriate behavior. Results that were consistent in both studies indicated an interaction between sex of child and appropriateness. Boys imitated less when exposed to the inappropriate than to the appropriate sequence. An interaction between sex of child and sex of observer was obtained on only one measure in Experiment I (girls responded more quickly to a female than to a male model). In this study, girls also displayed greater opposite-sex imitation than boys; in Experiment II, there were no differences between boys and girls in either same- or opposite-sex imitation. The results are discussed with regard to the same-sex hypothesis and the differential impact of sex-role factors on boys and girls.
Tire Vibration Modes and Effects on Vehicle Ride Quality

Abstract Tire vibration modes are known to play a key role in vehicle ride, for applications ranging from passenger cars to earthmover equipment. Inputs to the tire such as discrete impacts (harshn...