cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Venomotor tone and central venous pressure.

A discussion concerned primarily with responses of capacitance vessels to physiologic stimuli and with the role of these vessels in the pathophysiology of some clinical conditions is presented. The venous system functions as a dynamic reservoir from which blood is pumped by the heart. The systemic veins contain approximately 75% of the circulating blood volume. Pressure at the central end of the venous reservoir (central venous pressure) is an important factor determining cardiac filling and cardiac output. Central venous pressure in turn is determined by the balance between the amount of blood in the veins and the capacity of the venous system. Active changes of venous smooth muscle tone can alter both venous capacity and blood volume. Increases in tone of large veins or capacitance vessels tend to decrease venous capacity and increases venous pressure. Decreases in tone tend to increase venous capacity and lower pressure. The large veins provide little resistance to blood flow but the smaller veins or postcapillary resistence vessels influence capillary hydrostatic pressure capillary filtration and blood volume. Increase in tone of postcapillary resistance vessels tend to increase capillary pressure and filtration and decrease blood volume. Decrease in tone in these vessels tend to produce opposite effects. There appears to be a generalized increase in venous distensibility associated with pregnancy. Several studies have demonstrated decreased venous tone and decreased velocity of blood flow through veins during pregnancy. It is proposed that this might be caused be a relaxing effect of progesterone on venous smooth muscle. Oral contraceptives also cause increased venous distensibility and decreased velocity of venous blood flow. These changes appear to be related more to progesterone and progestins than to estrogens. It is emphasized that the effects of drugs reflexes and pathologic states on venomotor tone must be considered in the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Independence: Clarification of the Profession's Primary Attribute

Independence has been long recognized as the hallmark of the professional accountant and an essential attribute when the accountant performs attestation and audit services. Recent scandals in corporate financial reporting have renewed concerns about the definition of independence and the profession's compliance with its own standards as well as with contemporary laws and government regulations applicable to auditor independence. This study strives to clarify the distinction between independence and the related attribute of objectivity and to demonstrate that both of these professional attributes can be operationally defined as Jungian personality constructs which are amenable to empirical investigation. It is hoped that clarification of these concepts will help strengthen the integrity of the profession and restore confidence in its important public service.
Amino-functionalized Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Chemical Sensing

Quantum dots have been applied in sensing with success, but their use in environmental applications has been questioned due to their heavy metal content. Carbon dots are fluorescent nanoparticles that offer a promising alternative to quantum dots for sensing, due to their low cost, benign fabrication process and negligible environmental impact. Fluorescence sensors are specially suited for detection of nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), since they can quench the emission of excited species. When combined to Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the sensors become specific to the imprinted target molecules. Amino-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) with high photoluminescence were fabricated. The CDs were characterized with respect to their surface charge, surface chemistry, particle size distribution, and photoluminescence properties (PL). A molecularly imprinted polymer with template of DNT was combined with fluorescent carbon dots via a simple covalent reaction. The ability of aqueous DNT to quench amino CDs fluorescence was tested for concentrations in the range of 1mM to 50 mM. It can be concluded that the amino carbon dots can be used in fluorescent-labeled MIP systems and that they provide a feasible method for the detection of DNT, and potentially other nitroaromatic compounds, in environmental water samples.
The Outsiders Come In: Self-Selection, Selection, and Socialization of Entry-Level Staff

From the standpoint of the European Commission (EC), each enlargement presents the challenge of how to live up to its commitment to represent all the citizens of Europe. It does so, first, by setting recruitment targets and then bringing in to the organization people from each country who meet the standards of the Commission. The selection process itself is critical: The question is how to recruit (in the sense of encouraging people to apply) and then to select people who have both the requisite skills and the background and experiences that will help them make the adjustment to life in a complex, multicultural organization.
High-power continuous-wave terahertz generation through plasmonic photomixers

We present a high-performance terahertz radiation source based on a photomixer integrated with a logarithmic spiral antenna that utilizes plasmonic contact electrodes to offer record-high continuous-wave terahertz radiation powers. Use of plasmonic contact electrodes allows increasing terahertz photocurrents fed to the antenna, resulting in significantly higher terahertz radiation power levels compared to conventional photomixers. We experimentally demonstrate continuous-wave terahertz radiation with a radiation frequency tuning range of more than 2 THz and a radiation power of 17 µW at 1 THz, exhibiting a 3-fold higher radiation power level compared to the state-of-the art.
Multi-agent motion planning using Bayes risk

We introduce a novel approach to controlling the motion of a team of agents so that they jointly minimize a cost function utilizing Bayes risk. Bayes risk is a useful measure of performance for applications where agents must perform a classification task, but is often difficult to compute analytically for many applications involving agent state variables. We use a particle-based approach that allows us to approximate Bayes risk and express the optimization problem as a mixed-integer linear program. By minimizing Bayes risk, agents are able to account explicitly for the costs associated with correct and incorrect classification. We illustrate our approach with a target interception problem in which a team of mobile agents must intercept mobile targets that are likely to enter a specified area in the near future. We show that the cooperative agent motion that minimizes a cost function utilizing Bayes risk is an efficient way to achieve selective interception. We introduce an approach to multi-agent motion control.Approach jointly minimizes a cost function utilizing Bayes risk for classification.We apply the framework in the context of target interception and collision avoidance.Framework uses a particle approach combined with mixed integer linear programming.
Phrase frequency, proficiency and grammaticality interact in non-native processing: Implications for theories of SLA:

This study reports on a self-paced reading experiment in which native and non-native speakers of English read sentences designed to evaluate the predictions of usage-based and rule-based approaches to second language acquisition (SLA). Critical stimuli were four-word sequences embedded into sentences in which phrase frequency and grammaticality were crossed in order to examine whether grammatical processing is modulated by phrase frequency. The magnitude of grammaticality effects for native speakers did not differ by phrase frequency, indicating that phrase frequency does not modulate native grammatical processing. Phrase frequency did, however, modulate the magnitude of non-native grammaticality effects. This modulating effect of phrase frequency on grammatical processing for non-native speakers depended on proficiency, showing a u-shaped change in the size of grammaticality effects relative to speaker proficiency. The overall pattern of change in grammaticality effects suggests a gradual developmental s...
Anti-CD3 Activated T Cells from Cord Blood Can Be Expanded Ex Vivo and Armed with Bispecific Antibodies To Lyse Her2/Neu + and CD20+ Targets: A Strategy for Providing Anti-Tumor/Lymphoma Effects after Cord Blood Transplant.

Our previous studies showed that anti-CD3 activated T cells (ATC) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be expanded in interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 14 days and armed with anti-CD3 x anti-Her2/neu (Her2Bi)[J Hemat & Stem Cell Res10:247,2001], anti-CD3 x anti-CD20 (CD20Bi)[Exp Hemat33:452,2005], or anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR [Clin Cancer Res12:183,2006] bispecific antibody (BiAb)and can kill Her2/neu, CD20, and EGFR+ tumor targets, respectively. In this study, we asked whether anti-CD3 activated cord blood T cells (CBATC) could be expanded and targeted with Her2Bi and CD20Bi to tumors or hematologic malignancies for infusions after cord blood stem cell transplant (CBSCT). CB mononuclear cells were activated with anti-CD3 (20 ng/ml) and expanded for 14 days in IL-2 (100 IU/ml). CBATC were armed with Her2Bi or CD20Bi and tested for specific cytotoxicity directed SK-BR-3, Raji, or B9C targets and cytokine secretion or IFNγ EliSpots after binding to tumor cells. Our results show the mean expansion of CBATC to be 43-fold (n=8) after 14 days of culture. By the end of culture, the proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ were 82% and 18%, respectively. The proportion of cells expressing CD19 or CD20 did not exceed 6.3%, CD56+ cells were
Supply, Demand, and Uncertainty: Implications for Prelisting Conservation Policy

Abstract The Endangered Species Act (ESA) faces a shortage of incentives to motivate the scale of conservation activities necessary to address and reverse the decline of at-risk species. A recent policy proposal attempts to change this by allowing landowners to generate credits for voluntary prelisting conservation activities. We explore the proposed policy from the perspective of potential participants. We find that uncertainty present in species listing processes complicates the decision to undertake conservation activities, leading to less conservation being supplied than when a listing decision is certain, while also delaying implementation until late in the listing determination process. Incentives created by the prelisting policy may likewise push species status closer to a listing threshold and thus exacerbate uncertainty in the listing process. To counter this tendency and encourage a more efficient allocation of conservation activity, early-actor bonuses, weighted credits, or limited windows of eligibility could be used to target or place increased premiums on early conservation activity. Though these findings are most directly applicable to the specific prelisting policy considered here, they are nonetheless relevant to a wider array of conservation policies that seek to encourage voluntary early action in advance of a regulatory alternative.
Probing Structural Variation and Dynamics in the HIV-1 Env Fusion Glycoprotein.

BACKGROUND Recent advances in structural characterization of the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) have provided a high-resolution glimpse of the architecture of this target for neutralizing antibodies and the machinery responsible for mediating receptor binding and membrane fusion. These structures primarily capture the detailed organization of the receptor-naive, prefusion conformation of Env, but under native solution conditions Env is highly dynamic, sampling multiple conformational states as well as exhibiting local protein flexibility. METHODS Special emphasis is placed on the use of biophysical methods, including single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using novel biophysical approaches, striking isolate-specific differences in Env's dynamic profile have been revealed that appear to underlie phenotypic differences of the viral isolates such as neutralization sensitivity and CD4 receptor reactivity. CONCLUSION Structural studies are complemented by novel biophysical investigations that enable visualization of the dynamics of HIV-1 Env under native conditions. These approaches will also enable us to gain new insights into the mechanisms of action of antibodies and drugs.
In vivo ultrasonic measures of skin layer thicknesses at various body locations and postures

Despite the use of protective equipment, burns are a significant source of battlefield injury particularly for operators of military vehicles. Burn severity is classified by the depth of heat penetration which is dependent on skin thickness. Current ASTM values for skin thickness used in burn injury models are based on forearm estimates. However, variations in skin thickness with body location and posture may be critical to accurately estimate burn injury and develop thermal protective equipment. This study used ultrasound to quantify epidermis and dermis skin layer thicknesses at various locations and postures on a human body. Superficial ultrasound images of seventeen male military personnel were obtained using a 22MHz linear probe (LOGIQe, GE). Three images were taken at twelve different locations. Hand locations were scanned in a neutral posture as well as a clenched-fist posture akin to grasping a steering wheel while operating a military vehicle. Measurements of the epidermis and dermis were obtained at each location and mean results were taken. Measured values were compared to the ASTM standard using a one sample t-test. In general, measured epidermis and dermis layer thickness was significantly larger compared to the current standard. The effect of hand posture was determined using a two sample t-test. Dermis values significantly decreased with the clenched fist posture while the epidermis remained unchanged between the two postures. Obtaining in-vivo skin thicknesses across the body will allow for more accurate predictions of burn injury and more efficient thermal protective equipment.
The Politics of Titling: The Representation of Countries in CHI Papers

For decades, HCI scholars have studied technological systems and their relationship to particular contexts and user groups. Increasingly, this scholarship is dependent not only on localized contexts, but also the relationship of local contexts to the global stage, drawing on approaches such as ICT4D and cross-cultural design. In this paper, we examine authors' descriptions of study contexts, particularly country information, in paper titles and texts in the CHI Proceedings from 2013 to 2017. We found strikingly different patterns of titling between studies of Western and non-Western countries, including whether and how country names are mentioned in titles, and the precision when describing study contexts. Drawing on critical theories, we analyze how the politics of titling at CHI functions to build categories of "normal" and "exotic." We explicate the problems that the current ways of representation bring to knowledge production at CHI, and necessary paths to move forward.
Preoperative Evaluation, Premedication, and Induction of Anesthesia

Abstract Adequate preparation of children for anesthesia allows optimization of medical conditions and leads to decreased morbidity. The medical history and laboratory testing obtained preoperatively aid the anesthesiologist in determining readiness for the planned surgery. Preparedness begins with adherence to a preoperative fasting schedule for elective surgery, selecting appropriate premedication, formulating an anesthetic plan and anticipating postoperative concerns. There are a variety of techniques for inducing general anesthesia. The technique used depends on a number of factors including the child's developmental age, understanding and ability to cooperate, previous experiences, the presence of a parent and the interaction of these factors with the child's underlying medical or surgical conditions. This chapter discusses special problems encountered in the pediatric population that require additional considerations from anesthesiologists. The preoperative period can be a stressful time for the fearful child and for those with autism spectrum disorders thus requiring the anesthesiologist to tailor the approach to meet the child's needs. Other challenges that pediatric patients present include respiratory system conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, difficult airway, upper respiratory tract infections and apnea in former preterm infants. Additional conditions that are discussed include diabetes, seizure disorders, and sickle cell disease. Finally, the detection of a cardiac murmur, anemia or a fever before elective surgery will present a dilemma whether to proceed. The preoperative visit is an essential component of identifying the pediatric patient's needs and devising a plan that leads to a superior patient experience, a decrease in the number of cancellations and improved outcomes.
Bend and flex: passive flexibility or active control in a quadruped animat

Muscle and tendon elasticity enables animals to interact with their environment softly, reducing ground impact force and increasing efficiency of locomotion. Traditional rigid body robots remain the commercially viable option, but incorporating flexibility can harness the benefits exhibited by natural organisms. In this paper, we examine how the addition of passive flexibility impacts performance and locomotive efficiency in a quadruped animat. Results show that the addition of flexibility in the spine and lower limbs of a quadruped animat significantly increases the distance traveled compared to a fully rigid-body animat. However, replacing these passively flexibile joints with actively controlled joints results in the farthest traveling individuals while maintaining similar efficiency. It appears that increases in DOF and joint configuration are the drivers of performance increases rather than passive flexibility.
Measuring Military Allocations A Comparison of Different Approaches

This study investigates the validity of different indicators of resources allocated to the military that are commonly used in conflict research. The various indicators are first described and then evaluated on four criteria for face validity. The convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity are then assessed according to the results of various statistical tests. A common hypothesis that conflict involving “overallocating” states is more likely to escalate to war is examined using all indicators under consideration. Implications and suggestions for conflict research are discussed in the conclusion.
Critical role of mitosis in spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease; from a Shugoshin 1 cohesinopathy mouse model.

From early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) studies, the amyloid-beta hypothesis emerged as the foremost theory of the pathological causes of AD. However, how amyloid-beta accumulation is triggered and progresses toward senile plaques in spontaneous late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in humans remains unanswered. Various LOAD facilitators have been proposed, and LOAD is currently considered a complex disease with multiple causes. Mice do not normally develop LOAD. Possibly due to the multiple causes, proposed LOAD facilitators have not been able to replicate spontaneous LOAD in mice, representing a disease modeling issue. Recently, we reported spontaneous late-onset development of amyloid-beta accumulation in brains of Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1) haploinsufficient mice, a cohesinopathy-mediated chromosome instability model. The result for the first time expands disease relevance of mitosis studies to a major disease other than cancers. Reverse-engineering of the model would shed light on the process of late-onset amyloid-beta accumulation in the brain and spontaneous LOAD development, and contribute to development of interventions for LOAD. This review will discuss the Sgo1 model, our current "three-hit hypothesis" regarding LOAD development with an emphasis on critical role of prolonged mitosis in amyloid-beta accumulation, and implications for human LOAD intervention and treatment. Abbreviations: Alzheimer's disease (AD); Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD); Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD); Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1); Chromosome Instability (CIN); apolipoprotein (Apoe); Central nervous system (CNS); Amyloid precursor protein (APP); N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA); Hazard ratio (HR); Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK); Chronic Atrial Intestinal Dysrhythmia (CAID); beta-secretase 1 (BACE); phosphor-Histone H3 (p-H3); Research and development (RD Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Brain blood barrier (BBB).
NAD+ metabolism controls inflammation during senescence

We have recently discovered that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism controls the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype during cellular senescence. This newly discovered epigenetic-metabolic signaling axis, mediated by high mobility group A and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, drives key metabolic changes and pro-inflammatory responses of senescent cells that fuel cancer progression.
The Chopart Variant Dislocation: Plantar Dislocation of the Cuboid and Navicular:

This case report demonstrates a unique variant of a Chopart dislocation resulting in a plantar cuboid and navicular dislocation without concomitant fracture in a 48-year-old man. The mechanism of i...
Optimizing feed automation: improving timer-feeders and on demand systems in semi-intensive pond culture of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract The continued success of shrimp farming will rely on improved feed management and reductions in labor costs. Shrimp are omnivorous, eating many small meals with limited stomach capacity for food storage. Hence, increased performance may be obtained by spreading feed through multiple meals. Initial work has demonstrated that moving from two feeding per day into multiple feeding systems increases growth rate and production. Further advances have been made with on-demand (satiation) feeding systems. The goal of this work was to continue the development of standard feeding protocol's (SFP) for automatic feeding systems to maximize growth rates in semi-intensive pond production of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. For this work a 13-week pond production trial was performed in 16, 0.1 ha outdoors ponds, stocked at a 26 shrimp/m2, and fed 1.5-mm 40% crude protein for the first four weeks, and 2.4-mm protein soy optimized feed (35% crude protein) for last nine weeks, both produced by Zeigler Inc. Four treatments including: three fixed feeding treatments of 130, 145 and 160% of a SFP (SFP + 30%, SFP + 45%, SFP + 60%, respectively) were offered using automatic timer-feeders, and a fourth treatment utilized on-demand AQ1 acoustic feeding system. No statistical differences were found between treatments for survival (ranging 75.2–81.4%) and FCR (ranging 0.96–1.11). In general, increased feed inputs resulted in higher production. The best response was with the AQ1 system which adjusted feed inputs in real time and ended up offered higher feed inputs resulting in larger shrimp and yields. Based on results of this work and previous trials, standard feeding protocols for automated systems can be developed but to date, automated feedback systems which operate in real time out perform the standardized practices.
Rapid, General-Purpose Patterning of Silicon Nitride Thin Films Under Ambient Conditions for Applications Including Fluid Channel and SERS Substrate Formation

Silicon nitride thin films are useful as etch-stop masks in micro- and nanofabrication. As structural elements, they are prevalent in applications as diverse as single-molecule sensing, transmissio...
Two-miRNA–based finger-stick assay for estimation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose

Nuclear radiation and radioactive fallouts resulting from a nuclear weapon detonation or reactor accidents could result in injuries affecting multiple sensitive organs, defined as acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Rapid and early estimation of injuries to sensitive organs using markers of radiation response is critical for identifying individuals who could potentially exhibit ARS; however, there are currently no biodosimetry assays approved for human use. We developed a sensitive microRNA (miRNA)-based blood test for radiation dose reconstruction with ±0.5 Gy resolution at critical dose range. Radiation dose-dependent changes in miR-150-5p in blood were internally normalized by a miRNA, miR-23a-3p, that was nonresponsive to radiation. miR-23a-3p was not highly expressed in blood cells but was abundant in circulation and was released primarily from the lung. Our assay showed the capability for dose estimation within hours to 1 week after exposure using a drop of blood from mice. We tested this biodosimetry assay for estimation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose in mice of varying ages and after exposure to both improvised nuclear device (IND)-spectrum neutrons and gamma rays. Leukemia specimens from patients exposed to fractionated radiation showed depletion of miR-150-5p in blood. We bridged the exposure of these patients to fractionated radiation by comparing responses after fractionated versus single acute exposure in mice. Although validation in nonhuman primates is needed, this proof-of-concept study suggests the potential utility of this assay in radiation disaster management and clinical applications.
Chandra Observation of the Merging Cluster A2034

We present an analysis of a Chandra observation of A2034. The cluster has multiple signatures of an ongoing merger, including a cold front and probable significant heating of the intracluster medium above its equilibrium temperature. We find no evidence for the large cooling rate previously determined for the cluster and, in fact, find it to be roughly isothermal, although with numerous small-scale inhomogeneities, out to a radius of ~700 kpc. The cold front appears to be in the process of being disrupted by gasdynamic instability and perhaps by shock heating. We find weak evidence for inverse Compton hard X-ray emission from the radio relic suspected to be associated with the cold front. Finally, we study the emission to the south of the cluster, which was previously thought to be a merging subcluster. We find no evidence that this "subcluster" is interacting with the main A2034 cluster. On the other hand, the properties of this region are inconsistent with an equilibrium cluster at the redshift of A2034 or less. We explore the possibility that it is a disrupted merging subcluster but find its luminosity to be significantly lower than expected for such a scenario. We suggest that the emission to the south of the cluster may actually be a moderate to high redshift (0.3 z 1.25) background cluster seen in projection against A2034.
Resolution of singularities and geometric proofs of the Łojasiewicz inequalities

The Łojasiewicz inequalities for real analytic functions on Euclidean space were first proved by Stanislaw Łojasiewicz (1959, 1965) using methods of semianalytic and subanalytic sets, arguments later simplified by Bierstone and Milman (1988). Here we first give an elementary geometric, coordinate-based proof of the Łojasiewicz inequalities in the special case where the function is C1 with simple normal crossings. We then prove, partly following Bierstone and Milman (1997) and using resolution of singularities for (real or complex) analytic varieties, that the gradient inequality for an arbitrary analytic function follows from the special case where it has simple normal crossings. In addition, we prove the Łojasiewicz inequalities when a function is CN and generalized Morse–Bott of order N≥3; we earlier gave an elementary proof of the Łojasiewicz inequalities when a function is C2 and Morse–Bott on a Banach space.
A kernel principal component analysis of coexisting attractors within a generalized Lorenz model

Abstract Based on recent studies that reveal the coexistence of chaotic and non-chaotic solutions using a generalized Lorenz model (GLM), a revised view on the dual nature of weather has been proposed by Shen et al. [41,42], as follows: the entirety of weather is a superset consisting of both chaotic and non-chaotic processes. Since better predictability for non-chaotic processes can be expected, an effective detection of regular or chaotic solutions can improve our confidence in numerical weather and climate predictions. In this study, by performing a kernel principal component analysis of coexisting attractors obtained from the GLM, we illustrate that the time evolution of the first eigenvector of the kernel matrix, referred to as the first kernel principal component (K-PC), is effective for the classification of chaotic and non-chaotic orbits. The spatial distribution of the first K-PC within a two-dimensional phase space can depict the shape of a decision boundary that separates the chaotic and non-chaotic orbits. We additionally present how a large number (e.g., 128 or 256) of K-PCs can be used for the reconstruction of data in order to illustrate the different portions of the phase space occupied by chaotic and non-chaotic orbits, respectively.
Complications of Managing the Failed Rotator Cuff Repair

Despite the myriad of surgical procedures available for the treatment of a failed rotator cuff repair, significant overlap exists between complications associated with the various treatment options. Most complications can be classified into one of three categories: First, operative management of a failed rotator cuff repair can simply fail. Failure can be further characterized as mechanical, clinical, or the need for revision surgery. For instance, the retear rate after revision arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at 2 years is 40%, nearly double that of primary arthroscopic repair [ (Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(3):557–64)]. Second, complications can occur as a direct result of the surgical intervention. The major complications in this category include infection, nerve injury, and shoulder stiffness. Third, medical complications, such as venous thromboembolism, may arise as a secondary consequence of the surgical procedure. A few notable complications do not fit neatly into these categories but are worth mentioning. Allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials used in augmentation of rotator cuff repairs, superior capsular reconstruction and subacromial balloon spacers can induce a foreign body response (J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(9):1622–8; J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(6):1238–44; Int Orthop. 2015;39(12):2403–14; Subacromial “biodegradable spacer” in the management of irreparable rotator cuff tears: radiological findings, 2018, Vienna, Austria). Finally, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears can lead to a number of unique complications including dislocation, intraoperative and postoperative fracture, and inferior scapular notching.
Using Microworlds to Design Intelligent Interfaces that Minimize Driver Distraction

While recent developments in telematics have produced great interest in driver distraction, this is hardly a new topic. An early UMTRI report (Treat, 1980) defined internal distraction as a diversion of attention from the driving task that is compelled by an activity or event inside the vehicle. Based on data collected in Monroe County, Indiana, Treat (1980) concluded that internal distraction was a factor in 9% of in-depth reports and 6% of on-site investigations. In the period of data collection (1972-1975) conversation with a passenger and increasing use of entertainment tape decks were the major sources of distraction. Now a host of modern infotronic devices offers even greater opportunities for internal distraction (Kantowitz, 2000). Intelligent driver-vehicle interfaces present a wonderful opportunity to successfully manage this increased in-vehicle workload. This smart interface would be adaptive, making dynamic allocation of function decisions in real time. Designing such an intelligent interface presents many problems. In particular, since new infotronic devices are being developed and deployed rapidly, it seems difficult to evaluate all these new designs. This paper focuses upon using microworlds to swiftly assess effects of in-vehicle infotronics upon driver distraction. Microworlds vary along several dimensions such as realism, tractability and engagement (Ehret, Gray, and Kischbaum, 2000). The traditional driving simulator is only one example of a relevant microworld. By considering a wider range of microworlds, we can gain insight into how to best utilize driving simulators. Issues of validity are also illuminated when considered from a microworld perspective. If appropriate intelligent interfaces are designed, telematics should never increase driver distraction.
Saddlepoint Approximations with Applications: First passage and time to event distributions

In engineering reliability and multistate survival analysis, the machine or patient is viewed as a stochastic system or process which passes from one state to another over time. In many practical settings, the state space of this system is finite and the dynamics of the process are modelled as either a Markov process or alternatively as a semi-Markov process if aspects of the Markov assumption are unreasonable or too restrictive. This chapter gives the CGFs connected with first passage times in general semi-Markov models with a finite number of states as developed in Butler (1997, 2000, 2001). Different formulae apply to different types of passage times, however all of these CGF formulae have one common feature: they are all represented as explicit matrix expressions that are ratios of matrix determinants. When inverting these CGFs using saddlepoint methods, the required first and second derivatives are also explicit so that the whole saddlepoint inversion becomes a simple explicit computation. These ingredients when used with the parametric plot routine in Maple, lead to explicit plots for the first passage density or CDF that completely avoid the burden of solving the saddlepoint equation. Distributions for first passage or return times to a single absorbing state are considered in section 13.2 along with many examples derived from various stochastic models that arise in engineering reliability and queueing theory. Distributions for first passage to a subset of states require a different CGF formula which is developed in section 13.3. Passage times for birth and death processes can be approached from a slightly different perspective due to the movement restriction to neighboring states.
Garden Money Buys Grain: Food Procurement Patterns in a Malian Village

This study of a rural Malian community in West Africa investigates food procurement patterns that combine subsistence grain production with a variety of income generating activities. It finds dependence on food purchases widespread and revenue from the own-account activities of nonhousehold heads essential to food security. Gender and the wealth of households are found to influence some, but not all, income generating activities and expenditures. Three household food procurement profiles are identified: investment in cattle, market gardens and bush extraction, and remittances. The case study village has agroecological characteristics and market proximity, which set it and other urban hinterland villages apart from the more cotton- and cattle-based zones of southern Mali. Own-account income generating activities may be able to increase revenue for women and junior men through a reallocation of household resources without entirely undermining the basis for a larger subsistence-oriented household.
Dissecting the role of IKKβ in tumor-specific cell death (1048.1)

The TAK1 cell signaling pathway has been found to be very important for tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in breast cancer. Disruption of TAK1 signaling in breast and prostate carcinoma ...
Irf5‐deficient mice are protected from pristane‐induced lupus via increased Th2 cytokines and altered IgG class switching

Polymorphisms in the transcription factor interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) have been identified that show a strong association with an increased risk of developing the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A potential pathological role for IRF5 in SLE development is supported by the fact that increased IRF5 mRNA and protein are observed in primary blood cells of SLE patients and this correlates with an increased risk of developing the disease. Here, we demonstrate that IRF5 is required for pristane-induced SLE via its ability to control multiple facets of autoimmunity. We show that IRF5 is required for pathological hypergammaglobulinemia and, in the absence of IRF5, IgG class switching is reduced. Examination of in vivo cytokine expression (and autoantibody production) identified an increase in Irf5−/− mice of Th2 cytokines. In addition, we provide clear evidence that loss of Irf5 significantly weakens the in vivo type I IFN signature critical for disease pathogenesis in this model of murine lupus. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of IRF5 for autoimmunity and provide a significant new insight into how overexpression of IRF5 in blood cells of SLE patients may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
A proof of De Concini-Kac-Procesi conjecture II. Strictly transversal slices to conjugacy classes in algebraic groups

Acknowledgements The author is grateful to Dave Benson for his help with the MAGMA software and to Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques where this work was completed.
Lola Casanova: La Malinche invertida en la cultura nacional mexicana

La leyenda de Dolores Casanova y coyote Iguana es una historia fronteriza que reta los limites del imaginario nacional en Mexico. Lola ha sido figura inquietante para los mexicanos que conocen su leyenda desde que entro en el discuros publico en 1850. Este trabajo esboza la trayectoria de la leyenda de Lola Casanova y medita sonre su incomoda identidad racial dentro de la ortodoxia nacionalista mexicana.
Combinatorial optimization in transportation and logistics networks

Transportation and logistic networks have always been offering significant practical applications for optimization and operations research techniques. Especially in the last two decades, numerous success stories for large-scale, realistic networks have attracted the interest of the scientific and research society. A typical example of such a success story is the vehicle routing problem, where recent advancements have made it possible for large, complex problems to be solved to optimality. This chapter is designed so as to introduce the reader in the notions tackled by important problems in transportation and logistics engineering and the algorithms that have been devised over the years to solve them. The problems presented and studied in this contribution include the traffic assignment, the vehicle routing problem, and the toll pricing among others.
Tests for antibody- and cell-mediated hypersensitivity to trypanosome antigens in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma congolense.

Abstract Rabbits infected with Trypanosoma congolense were tested for immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to parasite antigens. Positive skin-test reactions were exclusively of the Arthus type, as shown by sequential histological analyses which revealed that more than 90% of the infiltrating cells at 24 hr postinjection were polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Skin reactions could be elicited in normal rabbits by intradermal injection of trypanosome antigen-antibody complexes. The absence of cell-mediated hypersensitivity to trypanosome antigens in infected rabbits was demonstrated by skin tests and by migration inhibitory factor and skin reactive factor tests. The role of the immediate-type skin reaction to trypanosome antigens in the pathology of infection and the possibility of its utilization for diagnosis are discussed.
Tomographic processing of spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar signals with compensation for wavefront curvature

An algorithm is introduced which corrects for problems which arise in spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) when a significant amount of wavefront curvature is present. Wavefront curvature can be problematic when it is desired to reconstruct high-resolution images of ground patches which subtend a large angle at the radar. The proposed, non-Fourier, algorithm uses mappings to modify the convolution-backprojection method of computed tomography, providing reconstructions from circular-arc projections that are of the same high quality as those made from standard straight-line projections using the unmodified algorithm. In addition, other problems in high-resolution SAR imaging are identified which have solutions involving tomographic concepts, including situations which give rise to fan-beam-like projections. The new algorithm can be modified to deal with these problems as well. >
IN JUSTIFICATION OF WALD'S CRITERION OF EFFICIENCY OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS IN RELATION TO THE WEIGHING PROBLEM1

SUMMARY Wald (1943), among others, examined the question of efficiency of experimental designs in general and suggested the criterion of maximization of the det. [X'X] for the purpose, where X denotes the design matrix. In the same context, Ehrenfeld (1955) recommended the maximization of the minimum eigenvalue of [X'X] as the desideratum. It has been shown in this note that for weighing designs in general maximization of det. [X'X] may be preferred to the latter criterion.
Human melanoma associated antigens: a solid-phase assay for detection of specific antibody.

Abstract A solid-phase radioimmunometric binding assay is described utilizing 125 I-labeled protein A for the detection of antibody to human melanoma associated antigens. The novel aspect of this assay is the use of chemically defined spent culture medium of melanoma cells as target antigens previously depleted of fibronectin by affinity chromatography. This makes it possible to screen for antibody in unabsorbed antiserum. Sensitivity, reproducibility and ease of performance of the assay are optimized by conjugating target antigens to a background of bovine serum albumin dried onto polyvinyl 96-well microtiter plates and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The use of an immobilized soluble antigen target derived from a large pool of spent culture medium facilitates direct interassay comparisons and permits extensive absorption analysis of antisera. The assay has considerable potential in screening for alloantibody and both poly- and monoclonal xenoantibody to human melanoma associated antigens.
Ricci-flat metrics on the complexification of a compact rank one symmetric space

We construct a complete Ricci-flat Kahler metric on the complexification of a compact rank one symmetric space. Our method is to look for a Kahler potential of the form ψ = ƒ(u), whereu satisfies the homogeneous Monge-Ampere equation. We use the high degree of symmetry present to reduce the non-linear partial differential equation governing the Ricci curvature to a simple second-order ordinary differential equation for the functionf. To prove that the resulting metric is complete requires some techniques from symplectic geometry.
Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability and the Dynamics of the Magnetosphere

When a shock wave encounters a fluid discontinuity, the interface may become unstable and form bubbles and spikes. We consider this Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in magnetohydrodynamics through a set of numerical calculations for the magnetopause and the magnetotail configurations. We suggest that the instability may be a mechanism for generating transient events in the magnetosphere.
Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II enhances channel conductance of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate type glutamate receptors

The ability of central glutamatergic synapses to change their strength in response to the intensity of synaptic input, which occurs, for example, in long-term potentiation (LTP), is thought to provide a cellular basis for memory formation and learning. LTP in the CA1 field of the hippocampus requires activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II (CaM-KII), which phosphorylates Ser-831 in the GluR1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate glutamate receptor (AMPA-R), and this activation/phosphorylation is thought to be a postsynaptic mechanism in LTP. In this study, we have identified a molecular mechanism by which CaM-KII potentiates AMPA-Rs. Coexpression in HEK-293 cells of activated CaM-KII with GluR1 did not affect the glutamate affinity of the receptor, the kinetics of desensitization and recovery, channel rectification, open probability, or gating. Single-channel recordings identified multiple conductance states for GluR1, and coexpression with CaM-KII or a mutation of Ser-831 to Asp increased the contribution of the higher conductance states. These results indicate that CaM-KII can mediate plasticity at glutamatergic synapses by increasing single-channel conductance of existing functional AMPA-Rs or by recruiting new high-conductance-state AMPA-Rs.
Removing the antidromically driven sensory component from cervically evoked motor potentials

The purpose of this paper is to present a model for removing antidromically activated afferent input from cervically elicited neurogenic motor evoked potentials (nMEPs). nMEPs have recently been used clinically, purportedly for monitoring spinal cord motor function, during spine surgery. However, the nMEP response may be due, in part or in whole, to neural signals travelling through sensory rather than motor pathways. This complicates nMEP interpretation and may lead to false conclusions about the status of motor tracts and postoperative motor function. Moreover, transcranial stimulation techniques may also contain similar afferent contamination. Here I suggest a protocol for intraoperative use that should effectively remove such afferent contamination via an afferent action potential collision technique.
Effect of acute reversal of experimentally-induced ketoacidosis with sodium bicarbonate on the plasma concentrations of phosphorus and potassium

To determine if ketoacidosis per se, or its reversal with NaHCO3, predisposes to hypophosphatemia, six conditioned dogs were infused for two hours with 3.0 mmol/kg body wt/hour of beta-hydroxybutyric acid, followed by 1.5 mmol/kg/hour of NaHCO3 for two hours. Acid infusion caused moderate decrements in blood pH and [HCO3], a 23±4% increase in plasma [P] (p < 0.005), and a 15±3% decrease in plasma [K] (p < 0.005). NaHCO3 administration returned blood pH and [HCO3] levels to or slightly greater than baseline. Plasma [P] decreased, but not below baseline, whereas plasma [K] remained below baseline, and underwent an additional small decline (p < 0.01). We conclude that acute correction of experimental ketoacidosis with NaHCO3 reverses the characteristic hyperphosphatemia but does not induce hypophosphatemia. On the other hand, NaHCO3 administration appeared to contribute to the perpetuation of hypokalemia.
A method for the measurement of infant auditory selectivity

In two experiments, infants were-presented with varying auditory stimuli contingent upon their fixation to identical but separate visual targets. Differential responses were found in total fixation time to targets on the basis of the auditory stimulus associated with them. This method for assessment of auditory selectivity can be used with infqnts as young as four months of age.
Bernoulli numbers via determinants

In this note, Cramer's rule is used for the solution of a system of linear equations to represent Bernoulli numbers via determinants.
Applications of plasma coatings in artificial joints: an overview

Abstract Current surgical implants such as artificial hip and knee joints undergo degradation after 10–15 years of use. Joint implant failure is common enough that attempts at improvement have been made. Plasma coating technologies have proven to be effective in improving the performance of artificial joints. Plasma coating can enhance the fatigue strength, the corrosion and wear resistance as well as the load-bearing capacity. In this work, we review the common failures in artificial joints and the role of plasma coating in biomedical applications.