cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Crack Initiation with Creep

Experimental observations of the micromechanics theory of fatigue crack initiation of Lin and Ito are reviewed. This theory is shown to be applicable also for time-dependent fatigue. An aluminum polycrystal subject to cyclic tension and compression is considered. An initial plastic strain field is assumed to exist in a thin slice parallel to the sliding direction a in the most favorably oriented crystal at a free surface. The initial stress field calculated from this strain field is shown to have a positive resolved shear stress on one side of the slice and a negative one on the other. This gives slip on one side during tensile loading and a reversed slip on the other side during compressive loading. Based on the stress-strain-time relationship of aluminum single crystals, the creep strain distributions in this favorably oriented crystal under cyclic loadings have been calculated. The buildup of creep strain near the free surface was found to vary linearly with the time of loading in high frequencies and to become less dependent on the loading time and more on the number of cycles as the frequency decreases.
Detection and Identification of Common Oncofetal Antigens on in Vitro Transformed Mouse Fibroblasts

Syngeneic (C3H/HeN) antisera to two in vitro chemically transformed cell lines (DMBA CI 2 and MCA CI 15), and to early embryo cells, as well as sera from multiparous C3H mice, have been found to react with a variety of in vitro transformed cell derived from C3H/10T1/2C1 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts, using an 125I-protein A binding assay or immunofluorescence. The degree of this antibody reactivity is correlated positively with the ability of the cells to exhibit anchorage-independent growth. Thus it seems that those cells which grow poorly in agarose will have low binding activities with syngeneic antisera or multiparous serum.
The Social Network: directed by David Fincher, with screenplay by Aaron Sorkin. Based on a book by Ben Mezrich (2009). Produced by Kevin Spacey. Culver City, CA: Columbia Pictures, 2010.

Academia, personal identity, exclusivity, and diversity set the tone for this historical fiction film about an Ivy League undergraduate student who creates the world's largest social network phenom...
Multi-Conformer Ensemble Docking to Difficult Protein Targets

Large-scale ensemble docking is investigated using five proteins from the Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD, dud.docking.org) for which docking to crystal structures has proven difficult. Molecular dynamics trajectories are produced for each protein and an ensemble of representative conformational structures extracted from the trajectories. Docking calculations are performed on these selected simulation structures and ensemble-based enrichment factors compared with those obtained using docking in crystal structures of the same protein targets or random selection of compounds. Simulation-derived snapshots are found with improved enrichment factors that increase the chemical diversity of docking hits for four of the five selected proteins. A combination of all the docking results obtained from molecular dynamics simulation followed by selection of top-ranking compounds appears to be an effective strategy for increasing the number and diversity of hits when using docking to screen large libraries of chemicals ...
Investigation on the Prevalent Status and Control Measures of Malaria in Youjiang County of Guangxi

Objective To understand epidemic status of malaria and evaluate surveillance measure in Youjiang County, Guangxi in 2002, and to provide baseline data for the global fund malaria control program. Method The reported cases of malaria and data on blood smear examination of febrile patients of local residents and floating population were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire was used to investigate malaria history of individuals, malaria incidence, mosquito net using and knowledge of malaria of the residents in this region. Result 9885 local residents and 419 of the floating population were examined. There were 5 imported cases in the floating population,with a positive rate of 1.19%(5/419). No indigenous case of malaria was found in the local residents. 4709 villagers of 1004 families were interviewed, and 1 malaria case was found. The rate of using mosquitoes net was 98.17%.The students had better knowledge of malaria than the villagers. Conclusion The malaria incidence in Youjiang County was under 1/10000 in 2002. There was no indigenous case but some imported cases of malaria, and some cases were failed to report in this region. The results showed the present surveillance system and control programs are effective for monitoring the epidemic situation of malaria.
Abstract IA14: Engaging T cells against cancer: BLINCYTO® and beyond – the BiTE® platform

T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies are at the forefront of a new era in cancer treatment. Engaging T cells through BiTE® (bispecific T-cell engager) antibody constructs is one of the most advanced immunotherapeutic approaches. BiTE® antibody constructs have a unique design and mechanism of action. They are constructed by genetically linking the minimal binding domains of monoclonal antibodies for a tumor-associated surface antigen and for the T-cell receptor-associated molecule CD3 onto a single polypeptide chain. Concurrent engagement of the target cell antigen and CD3 leads to activation of polyclonal cytotoxic T-cells, resulting in target cell lysis. The first BiTE®, blinatumomab, targeting CD19 and CD3, is being investigated in a broad range of B-cell malignancies and has recently received an accelerated approval by the US FDA for Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed/refractory B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia under the trade name BLINCYTO®. In addition, several BiTE® antibody constructs targeting other tumor antigens have entered the clinical stage of development. Most recent updates about the BiTE® platform will be presented. Citation Format: Dirk Nagorsen. Engaging T cells against cancer: BLINCYTO® and beyond – the BiTE® platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Urologic complications of pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancy.

AbstractWe reviewed 43 cases of pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancies. Particular attention was paid to the postoperative urologic complications encountered in these patients. The major disease process was carcinoma of the cervix. Six patients had early postoperative complications and 2 of these patients died. Nine patients had late postoperative problems caused by urinary tract infections or stones. Nine other patients had problems related to the urinary diversion that necessitated a secondary operation in the majority of the cases and 2 of these patients died. Advantages of the ileal and colon conduits are discussed.
Serologische Untersuchungen über die Durchseuchung der Berliner Bevölkerung mit Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Der Titer der Komplementbindungsreaktion fur Mycoplasma pneumoniae uberstieg nach Ludlam, Bridges und Benn in 5 aufeinanderfolgenden Fallen von Erythema exsudativum multiforme 1:256. Da diese Erkrankung haufig mit einer interstitiellen Pneumonie einhergeht, vermuten die Autoren einen Zusammen hang. Auserdem wird ein Zusammenhang von Mykoplasmainfektionen mit Mengino-Enzephalitis, akuter Splenitis, herdformigen Lebernekrosen, Myocarditis, Trommelfellentzundungen, Urethritis, primar chronischer Polyarthritis, Polyneuritis, Guillain-Barre-Syndrom, Meningitis, Keratitis dendritica, Steven-Johnson-Syndrom, Pericarditis, Myokarditis und akuten autoimmunhamolytischen Anamien diskutiert.
Introduction: Ethno-identity Dance

In this section Shay introduces four important concepts that permeate the entire study. The first is the concept of a framed dance event, similar to a concert in musical terms, that enables the researcher to look at evidence for his or her arguments. The second theme is that of motives: what motivates an individual to participate in or watch a particular form of dance. The third theme is the concept of ethno-identity dances—dances especially prepared for audiences for purposes of representation or self-representation that refer to a specific ethnic group. The fourth concept is that of spectacle, an increasingly important element in ethno-identity dances as exemplified by the Moiseyev Dance Company and Riverdance.
Increasing individuals' involvement and WOM intention on Social Networking Sites

Applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), we investigated the effects of content type (utilitarian vs. hedonic) on individuals' involvement and intention to subscribe/promote a company's SNS. An experiment was conducted with 171 participants. We found that utilitarian content worked better for highly involved individuals than hedonic content, but hedonic content increased individuals' situational involvement with a company's SNS more than utilitarian content among low-involved people. Both situational and enduring involvements influenced intention to subscribe to and continuously promote the company's SNS. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed further. Utilitarian content works better for high-involved individuals than hedonic content.Hedonic content works better for low-involved individuals than utilitarian content.Content type influences individuals' perceived usefulness/enjoyment of a SNS.Content type influences individuals' willingness to subscribe to a SNS.Content type influences individuals' WoM intention to promote a SNS.
Baseball Cards, The Law of Large Numbers, and Bad News for Gamblers

The Bubbleburst bubble gum company includes a picture card of a famous baseball player in each pack of bubble gum it sells. A complete set of cards consists of ten players. The distribution of the cards is uniform; that is, a pack of gum is just as likely to contain a picture of any one of the ten players. How many packs of bubble gum does someone have to buy, on the average, to get a complete set?
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is not required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Liver regeneration following 70 % partial hepatectomy (PH) requires the coordinated expression of soluble mediators produced by macrophages. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent stimulus of monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation. The goal of this study was to determine how MCP-1 contributes to liver regeneration. PH was performed on anesthetized C57Bl/6 (wild type) and MCP-1 knockout mice, and macrophage-produced cytokines and hepatocyte proliferation were measured. In wild type mice, hepatic MCP-1 protein levels increased 4–6 h after PH, and elevated plasma MCP-1 levels were detected 12 h after PH. Hepatocyte proliferation was comparable in MCP-1 knockout and wild type mice, as was the expression of macrophage-derived cytokines, TNFα and IL-6, and levels of phosphorylated STAT3. The number of CCR2+ cells in the liver was similar in MCP-1 knockout and wild type mice, which suggests that other chemokines may recruit CCR2+ cells in the absence of MCP-1. Studies with CCR2 knockout mice revealed that hepatocyte proliferation was suppressed ~40 % compared to wild type mice 36 h after PH, but proliferation and liver-body-weight ratios were similar at 48 h. These findings suggest that MCP-1 is not required for PH-induced liver regeneration, yet the role of CCR2 warrants further study.
From the Chair of the ASPH Board

Preparedness of the workforce has relationships with many sectors within the public health system. Accomplishment of preparedness at any level requires cooperation on many levels. Professionals in the practice community and those from schools of public health need to work together to build the United States' capacity to respond to the needs of individuals and populations as a result of terrorism and other threats. While this may seem like something new, in reality this is similar to what public health has always done. Gains in the health of the American population can be attributed in major part to the collaborative pathway of understanding from the scientists to the bedside to the community. These successes highlight the invisibility of successful public health and prevention strategies and explain the complacency that plagues us in public health. The threat of terrorism shatters this sense of complacency and increases the need for public health professionals at all levels. We need to strengthen existing and establish new partnerships beyond public health with state and local colleagues who share the concern for the health and safety of the public. Terrorism engenders the need for urgency. Urgency highlights the gaps in trained personnel who will be needed to work across the community agencies responding to an emergency. It mandates the need for operational research that can help accelerate the translation of science into clinical and population-based practice. The Academic Centers for Public Health Preparedness (A-CPHP) within the schools of public health are vital conduits to assist in filling the gaps in trained public health professionals and in hastening the translation of science into practice. This investment will help prepare the academic and practice communities to build a new public health infrastructure that can function within the continuous presence of new and emerging threats. The Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) is grateful to have a role in the design and implementation of the A-CPHP program. We thank the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for its leadership in recognizing early on the need for advanced training for the public health workforce and involving the ASPH, its staff, and its member schools as leaders in this process.
Allowable bus impedance region for MVDC distribution systems and stabilizing controller design using positive feed-forward control

Advances in switching power electronic converter technology have brought about a resurgence of interest in the use of DC power distribution systems for a variety of applications. However, the notional power electronic based DC distribution system is a complex and extensively interconnected system consisting of multiple power converters. A number of system-level challenges related to stability arise due to interaction among multiple converter subsystems. The recently proposed Passivity Based Stability Criterion (PBSC) coupled with active damping by a Positive Feed-Forward (PFF) control technique has successfully been demonstrated to provide meaningful stability analysis and stabilizing controller design via the insertion of active damping impedances. However, the PBSC provides no explicit indication of the relative stability and damping of the system under study. This paper establishes an Allowable Impedance Region concept in the s-plane to relate the magnitude of the system bus impedance Nyquist contour to the expected dynamic performance of the system. The proposed method allows for the system designer to better understand the performance of the system while evaluating for passivity. This analysis technique provides information such that an appropriate damping impedance for insertion into the system bus via PFF control may be easily identified from an analytic model of the system (“White-box” design) or from measurements performed via impedance identification techniques (“Black-box” design), thus ensuring the passivity of the system and guaranteeing stability and desired dynamic performance.
Neuroimaging in Central Nervous System Infections

Radiologic imaging is often employed to supplement clinical evaluation in cases of suspected central nervous system (CNS) infection. While computed tomography (CT) is superior for evaluating osseous integrity, demineralization, and erosive changes and may be more readily available at many institutions, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly greater sensitivity for evaluating the cerebral parenchyma, cord, and marrow for early changes that have not yet reached the threshold for CT detection. For these reasons, MRI is generally superior to CT for characterizing bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections of the CNS. The typical imaging features of common and uncommon CNS infectious processes are reviewed.
Safety and efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified autologous T cells (CTL019) in advanced multiple myeloma.

8517 Background: CTL019, a 2nd-generation anti-CD19 CAR transduced via lentiviral vector, can induce regression of refractory B cell malignancies. Though multiple myeloma (MM) is reported to be CD1...
Evidence for Group-Based Foster Parent Training Programs in Reducing Externalizing Child Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACTThe current study undertook a narrative and meta-analytic review of the literature to examine the effectiveness of group-based in-service foster parent training programs in reducing externalizing child behaviors. All studies reported a significant decrease in at least one measure of child behavior problems for treatment-group participants. The programs appear to be effective across ethnically and nationally diverse samples and produce similar results for older and younger children, as well as boys and girls. Overall the evidence suggests that group-based foster parent programs are an effective method for reducing problem behaviors among children in out of home care.
O subalterno é capaz de agir? O envolvimento afro-americano nos planos de vouchers educacionais (vale-educação)

In this essay I renovate critical educational theorist Michael Apple’s arguments concerning conservative modernization, making them more resonant with processes of identity formation and subaltern agency evident in research with working class and poor Black voucher families in the United States. Based on conceptual and empirical findings, I theorize pro-voucher Black politicians, community leaders, and poor and working class families as representative of a subaltern ‘third force’ in conservative formation. Their tactical investments in fleeting conservative alliances and subject positions, I argue, are likely to play an increasingly significant role in educational and social reform both in the United States and elsewhere. To the degree that such subalternly negotiated alliances are a harbinger of a direction that conservative modernization might increasingly take, this renovation should assist critical educators—along with other critical cultural workers and social actors—in better understanding and contesting post-welfarism in education and beyond
Identifying and evaluating successful non-meta strategies in league of legends

League of Legends is a multiplayer online battle arena game where teams of five players compete against each other. Over the years, players (the crowd) have formed a metagaming strategy, which is widely adopted. This paper questions and answers whether the wisdom of the crowd defined the best strategy. We investigate players' choices of champions (and builds) and their team performance from matches in the North America and Western Europe regions, using the data gathered through the Riot Games official application program interface. We classify team compositions by players' spells and attributes of items, and identify several non-meta strategies that show a consistent advantage over the meta.
Observed patterns of cervical radiculopathy: how often do they differ from a standard, "Netter diagram" distribution?

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT Traditionally, cervical radiculopathy is thought to present with symptoms and signs in a standard, textbook, reproducible pattern as seen in a “Netter diagram.” To date, no study has directly examined cervical radicular patterns attributable to single level pathology in patients undergoing ACDF. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine cervical radiculopathy patterns in a surgical population and determine how often patients present with the standard textbook (ie, Netter diagram) versus nonstandard patterns. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A retrospective study. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients who had single-level radiculopathy with at least 75% improvement of preoperative symptoms following ACDF were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Epidemiologic variables were collected including age, sex, weight, body mass index, laterality of symptoms, duration of symptoms prior to operative intervention, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. The observed pattern of radiculopathy at presentation, including associated neck, shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand pain and/or numbness, was determined from chart review and patient-derived pain diagrams. METHODS We identified all patients with single level cervical radiculopathy operated on between March 2011 and March 2016 by six surgeons. The observed pattern of radiculopathy was compared to a standard textbook pattern of radiculopathy that strictly adheres to a dermatomal map Fisher exact test was used to analyze categorical data and Student t test was used for continuous variables. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine differences in the observed versus expected radicular pattern. A logistic regression model assessed the effect of demographic variables on presentation with a nonstandard radicular pattern. RESULTS Overall, 239 cervical levels were identified. The observed pattern of pain and numbness followed the standard pattern in only 54% (129 of 239; p=.35). When a nonstandard radicular pattern was present, it differed by 1.68 dermatomal levels from the standard (p CONCLUSIONS Observed patterns of cervical radiculopathy only followed the standard pattern in 54% of patients and did not differ by the cervical level involved. Cervical radiculopathy often presents with a nonstandard pattern. Surgeons should think broadly when identifying causative levels because they frequently may not adhere to textbook descriptions in actual clinical practice. We observed III level of evidence.
An Electronic Health Record-Based Strategy to Address Child Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

Introduction A high proportion of children presenting to pediatric urgent cares are exposed to tobacco smoke. An electronic health record−based clinical decision support system for nurses to facilitate guideline-based tobacco smoke exposure screening and counseling for caregivers who smoke was designed and evaluated. Design A mixed-methods, 3-month, prospective study that began in November 2015, data were analyzed in June 2016. Setting/participants Five urgent cares that were part of a large children’s hospital in Cincinnati, OH. Participants were urgent care nurses. Intervention The clinical decision support system prompted nurses to Ask, Advise, Assess, and Assist caregivers to quit smoking. Monthly feedback reports were also provided. Main outcome measure Clinical decision support system use rates, nurses’ attitudes towards tobacco smoke exposure intervention, and percentage of children screened and caregivers counseled. Results All nurses used the clinical decision support system. Compared with Month 1, nurses were twice as likely to advise and assess during Months 2 and 3. There was significant improvement in nurses feeling prepared to assist caregivers in quitting. Nurses reported that feedback reports motivated them to use the clinical decision support system, and that it was easy to use. Almost 65% of children were screened for tobacco smoke exposure; 19.5% screened positive. Of caregivers identified as smokers, 26% were advised to quit and 29% were assessed for readiness to quit. Of those assessed, 67% were interested in quitting, and of those, 100% were assisted. Conclusions A clinical decision support system increased rates of tobacco smoke exposure screening and intervention in pediatric urgent cares. Rates might further improve by incorporating all components of the clinical decision support system into the electronic health record. Trial Registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02489708.
NIMG-43. GLIOMA PATIENT OUTCOME AND TUMOR BIOLOGY CORRELATE WITH INTRAOPERATIVE MRI FLAIR AND T2 TUMOR VOLUMES COMPARED WITH IMMEDIATE AND 3 MONTH POSTOPERATIVE VOLUMES.

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIntraoperative MRI is a useful tool in the operative management of human gliomas. T2 and FLAIR signals are often used as resection margins. We hypothesized that intraoperatively obtained MRI T2 and FLAIR signal volumes might not reflect corresponding post-operative volumes due to tumor edema after resection and brain manipulation.METHODSWe examined 160 patients, average age 48.0 (range 16-82) 71 females and 89 males, who underwent intraoperative imaging during glioma surgery. We excluded patients with a new vascular injury identified on diffusion-weighted imaging. Volumetric assessment of T2 and FLAIR signals were made with OSRIX image analysis program and ratios calculated for intraoperative, immediate and 3 month post-operative images for each patient. This was correlated with tumor histology and various molecular markers including IDH-1 mutation and MGMT methylation status as well a patient progression-free and overall survival.RESULTSWe examined 13 grade I gliomas (DNET, ganglioglioma, JPA) with postop/intraop FLAIR and T2 ratios of roughly 3. In a similar fashion we found that ratios of FLAIR and T2 images for grade 2 tumors (29 LGA, 16 oligo) averaged around 3-4 times larger for immediate and 3 months post op images. A similar ratio was found for high-grade gliomas, (17 AA, 10 AO and 75 GBM). Molecular markers did not predict imaging volume ratios.CONCLUSIONSPostoperative FLAIR and T2 signal volumes are significantly higher than intraoperatively obtained corresponding volumes for most gliomas studied. Further work will be required but this study questions the validity of T2 and FLAIR images obtained intraoperatively.
Gaming Library Instruction: Using Interactive Play to Promote Research as a Process

Abstract Gamification creates new opportunities for how librarians engage online with their students. Applying game elements to research tutorials, librarians at the Gardner-Harvey Library at Miami University’s regional campus in Middletown, Ohio, built an online “Choose Your Own Research Adventure” interactive game to help students experience both the positive and negative outcomes of their research choices. How the “Choose Your Own” format for the tutorial is presented has gone through multiple stages and continues to develop as librarians find new tools to build the story. Text-based and video-based tools are explored to see how librarians can create an interactive research game that can be used by multiple types of learners.
Wrongful Convictions and Their Causes: An Annotated Bibliography

This annotated bibliography directs attorneys to relevant, select legal periodical articles written from 2010 to date on wrongful convictions and their causes. The authors focus on five major causes that lead to wrongful convictions, as evidenced by the literature. Part I of the article focuses on resources that discuss false confessions as a cause of wrongful convictions. Part II of the article discusses resources that address the role of police and prosecutorial practices, including misconduct, in wrongful convictions. Part III provides articles on eyewitness and jailhouse informant issues related to wrongful convictions. Part IV contains articles that deal with how forensic evidence errors may lead to wrongful convictions. Part V provides miscellaneous articles in which other relevant issues related to wrongful convictions and their causes are addressed.
Radiogenomics and IR.

Abstract Radiogenomics involves the integration of mineable data from imaging phenotypes with genomic and clinical data to establish predictive models using machine learning. As a noninvasive surrogate for a tumor's in vivo genetic profile, radiogenomics may potentially provide data for patient treatment stratification. Radiogenomics may also supersede the shortcomings associated with genomic research, such as the limited availability of high-quality tissue and restricted sampling of tumoral subpopulations. Interventional radiologists are well suited to circumvent these obstacles through advancements in image-guided tissue biopsies and intraprocedural imaging. Comprehensive understanding of the radiogenomic process is crucial for interventional radiologists to contribute to this evolving field.
Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis by Nanostructured Mixed-Metal Oxides.

Oxygen electrocatalysis plays a critical role in the efficiency of important energy conversion and storage systems. While many efforts have focused on designing efficient electrocatalysts for these processes, optimal catalysts that are inexpensive, active, selective, and stable are still being searched. Nonstoichiometric, mixed-metal oxides present a promising group of electrocatalysts for these processes due to the versatility of the surface composition and fast oxygen conducting properties. Herein, we demonstrate, using a combination of theoretical and experimental studies, the ability to develop design principles that can be used to engineer oxygen electrocatalysis activity of layered, mixed ionic-electronic conducting Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) oxides. We show that a density function theory (DFT) derived descriptor, O2 binding energy on a surface oxygen vacancy, can be effective in identifying efficient R–P oxide structures for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Using a controlled synthesis method, well-de...
The Importance of an Independent Bar

This paper, presented at International Bar Association's 10th Transnational Crime Conference in Washington, D.C., on June 9, 2007 begins from the premise that, as the world becomes more complex and therefore more dangerous, governments seek to limit individual rights in the name of crime control and/or national security. The paper cautions that we must always keep in mind that individual rights once lost are not easily regained. Accordingly, the unique and important role of an independent bar in protecting and defending liberty is more, not less, important than ever before. Thus, the efforts of the lawyers, military and civilian, to protect the rights of Guantanamo detainees, the courageous efforts of Karina Moskalenko to make legal rights meaningful in Russia, the refusal of Chief Justice Chaudry to compromise the independence of his Supreme Court, and the willingness of lawyers to take to the streets to support him are all part of a fight to preserve and protect the rule of law. These lawyers and judges remind us that preserving the rule of law, often is a challenge requiring self-sacrifice and risk-taking, is something never to be taken for granted. If any good comes from governmental efforts to deny detainees lawyers, it is a reminder of the importance of an independent bar.
Treatment Planning for Neutron Capture Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme Using an Epithermal Neutron Beam from the Mitr-II Research Reactor and Monte Carlo Simulation

This paper describes the practical implementation of treatment planning procedures we have developed for the proposed clinical trial of neutron capture therapy (NCT) at NEMC and MIT in the Fall of 1991. Proper treatment planning for any form of radiation therapy is beneficial not only for the safety and optimal management of the patient, but can provide a valuable tool for performing radiological/pathological correlation in those patients who ultimately fail NCT.
APPENDIX A – The Relationship of Empirical Analysis to More Narrowly Modeled Analysis*

Empirical higher-rank analysis (EHR) vs. more narrowly modelled (fewer stocks) analysis are discussed as mathematical expressions to determine their intrinsic flexibilities for measuring fertility data. The Coale-Trussell models are examples of more narrowly modelled analyses.
Commentary: Taking a Social Justice Perspective on Research Supporting LGBTQ Students--Same Team, Different Positions.

This article is a commentary on a theme issue of Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation entitled “Consultation to Increase Educational Access and Improve Conditions for LGBTQ Youth.”...
Clark, Herbert H. (b. 1940)

Herbert H. Clark has been one of the most important psychologists within the community of linguists, psychologists, and other cognitive scientists interested in language use. His influential research, pursued with a number of colleagues over the years, has focused on the role of shared knowledge in linguistic communication and has been extremely important within his core fields of psychology of language and psycholinguistics. In addition, connections with Stalnaker's notion of Common Ground and analysis of presupposition (Stalnaker, 1974, 1978) helped his work to become influential in semantics and pragmatics (e.g., Heim, 1982); meanwhile, his interest in detailed analyses of interaction brought his work into close contact with discourse analysis.
Dynamic symbolic execution for the analysis of web server applications in Java

Symbolic execution is a well-known program analysis technique that explores multiple program paths simultaneously. Among other things, it is used to uncover subtle bugs and corner cases in programs, as well as to produce high-coverage test suites. Even though symbolic execution has seen successful use in practice, there remain challenges in applying it to programs like web servers that use features such as multithreading and callbacks. This paper describes our dynamic symbolic execution framework for Java that was designed with these types of features in mind. Our framework uses bytecode instrumentation combined with a run-time agent to perform the symbolic execution. We give a detailed description of the challenges we faced along with our design choices. We also present benchmark results on various examples including programs that use web server frameworks.
When audiences become advocates: Self-induced behavior change through health message posting in social media

Abstract Couched within the self-effects paradigm of social media influence, this research examines how posting a health promotion message to one's social media influences one's own, versus others', later health behaviors, with emphasis on emotional intensity and message sharing directives. 382 participants viewed one of eight versions of a melanoma awareness video and were given the opportunity to post it to their Facebook page. Video sharers reported increased sun safety behavior one week later, even after accounting for a range of sun safety-related predictors. Emotional intensity and self-efficacy emerged as key message sharing predictors. These findings align with cognitive dissonance theory, offering unique evidence in a mediated context with relatively enduring effects, and expands the dialogue about the self-persuasive power of social media.
Cidofovir Against Human Papillomavirus-Associated Diseases

HPV-associated conditions including condyloma, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, anus, perianal skin, and vulva are commonly diagnosed and difficult to successfully treat in HIV-infected individuals. Effective, novel, non-surgical treatment modalities would be a welcome addition to the current treatment options. Cidofovir, an antiviral agent, appears to have efficacy with these diseases.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Parasitism as a Cause of Cancer

Abstract For the past half‐century, the dominant paradigm of oncogenesis has been mutational changes that disregulate cellular control of proliferation. Parasitic causes of cancer were first incorporated into this paradigm by suggesting mechanisms through which parasitism might increase mutational damage, such as generation of mutagenic compounds during immunological activity. The growing recognition of the molecular mechanisms of pathogen‐induced oncogenesis and the difficulty of generating oncogenic mutations without first having large populations of dysregulated cells, however, suggests that pathogens, particularly viruses, are major initiators of oncogenesis for many if not most cancers, and that the traditional mutation‐driven process becomes the dominant process after this initiation. Molecular phylogenies of individual cancers should facilitate testing of this idea and the identification of causal pathogens.
Dyadic, Self-Administered Cognitive Intervention for Healthy Older Adults: Participants’ Perspectives

Dyadic, home-based wellness interventions may reach older adults with transportation, mobility, scheduling, and caregiving barriers. This qualitative study aimed to examine participants’ experience...
Impacts of intellectual property provisions in trade treaties on access to medicine in low and middle income countries: a systematic review

We present a systematic review describing ex-ante and ex-post evaluations of the impacts of intellectual property provisions in trade treaties on access to medicine in low and middle income countries. These evaluations focused on multilateral and bilateral trade agreements. We ascertained which IP provisions impacting access to medicines were the focus of these evaluations. We provide a further research agenda related to investigating the effect of trade agreement’s intellectual property provisions on access to medicines. We followed systematic review guidelines with 7 different databases to identify post-2000 ex ante and ex post evaluations of trade treaties on access to medicines in low and middle-income countries. We included only quantitative ex-ante studies that used structural modeling and simulations to derive quantitative predictions and ex-post studies that utilized empirical data and econometric techniques to quantify the effects of intellectual property provisions in free trade agreements on host country’s pharmaceutical industry. The search strategy identified 744 titles after removal of duplicates. We identified 14 studies that fulfilled all eligibility; 7 studies are ex-ante and 7 are ex-post. The studies looked at medicine price and cost, affordability, welfare effects and speed of medicine market launch. Changes in intellectual property policy due to the implementation of trade agreements affect price, medicines expenditure and sales, consumer welfare, and ultimately the affordability, of medicines. The direction and magnitude of the price effects differ between ex-ante and ex-post studies. Further, the reported impacts of policy changes due to trade agreements on medicine access seem clearly multifactorial. Both ex ante and ex post methods have advantages and limitations and, on balance, both types report, for the most part, an increase in price and a decrease in consumer welfare with imposition of intellectual property protection in trade agreements. The main differences between these studies are in the magnitude of the changes. There is a gap in our empirical understanding of the mechanisms through which such changes affect access to medicines and which outcomes relevant to access are most affected by which type of changes in intellectual property policy and law.
WPC Qi mobile device Rx coil design and optimization

WPC Qi is the mainstream standard for smartphones and other portable mobile devices today. For mobile device design, the system coupling coefficient and the receiver (Rx) self-inductance are the most important design parameters. Within the operation limit of Qi standard, it is more likely to have the disconnection issue in Baseline Power Profile (BPP) mode with heavy load than Extended Power Profile (EPP) mode. Due to the high system nonlinearity, even small parameter variation will lead to unstable operation in BPP mode and make the system hard to support heavy load. In this paper, the impact of Rx parameters, especially the Rx self-inductance and the system coupling coefficient, on this disconnection issue is discussed in details. And the disconnection issue is thoroughly analyzed based on mathematic model. Both theoretical analysis and experimental result using Google Pixel Stand and IDT P9221-R evaluation board are presented.
The Auditor-Valuation Specialist Coopetitive Alliance in the Fair Value Audit of Complex Financial Instruments

We analyze interviews with valuation specialists (specialists) employed by audit firms (in the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, and the U.S.) to understand how they work with auditors to evaluate the reasonableness of fair value measurements (FVMs) for financial instruments. The rapid growth of FVMs and complex estimates reported on financial statements requires that auditors increasingly rely on specialists to perform these evaluations. Informed by coopetition theory from management and organizational science, we develop a framework to examine the tensions in the auditor-specialist alliance (the coopetitive alliance) and how those tensions can impact FVM audit quality. Our framework considers five factors that contribute to tensions in the coopetitive alliance – organizational structure, economic independence and stressors, project goals, group identity, and knowledge sharing. We find that tensions around the economic independence of the specialist unit, auditor delays in engaging the specialist, and specialists’ perceptions that auditors do not respect their expertise and contribution to the FVM audit, lead specialists to distrust auditors and respond in ways that threaten audit quality. Further, we show that firm-level choices in the organizational structure and policy governing the use of specialists can impact the perceived quality of the specialist unit and the quality of audited FVMs. Our research complements recent studies examining the role of specialists in audit engagements with significant complex estimates and provides new insights to academics, regulators, and professionals.
Controls on development of different mineral assemblages in gabbro and basalt during subduction metamorphism

Coexisting fine-grained (meta-volcanic) and coarse-grained (meta-plutonic) mafic rocks in a high-pressure (P)/low-temperature (T) complex (Sivrihisar, Turkey) preserve different prograde, peak, and retrograde mineral assemblages, providing an opportunity to evaluate controls on mineral assemblages in metabasites that experienced the same P–T conditions. Fine-grained metabasalts are garnet-bearing lawsonite blueschist and eclogite with similar assemblages that vary on a mm- to cm- scale in mode of glaucophane vs. omphacite. In contrast, metagabbro consists of a disequilibrium mineral suite of relict igneous clinopyroxene partially replaced by omphacite or hydrous phases (lawsonite + tremolite or glaucophane) in a matrix of fine-grained lawsonite, omphacite, tremolite, white mica, very rare garnet, and retrograde minerals (e.g., epidote, albite, and titanite), with later chlorite and calcite. Pseudosection modeling predicts similar peak P–T conditions (490–530 °C, 1.8–2.0 GPa) for both glaucophane-rich (blueschist) and omphacite-rich (eclogite) layers of the metabasalt and similar to slightly higher conditions (490–600 °C, 1.9–2.5 GPa) for metagabbro. The range of modelled H2O content at peak P–T conditions in metabasalt (2.0–5.4 wt%) is significantly lower than in metagabbro (6.4–8.7 wt%) due to the higher modal abundance of hydrous minerals in the latter. At the relatively similar peak P–T conditions, metagabbro experienced different reaction histories from coexisting metabasalt, thereby developing distinctive HP/LT mineral assemblages and modes (e.g., scarce garnet) owing to its more Mg-rich bulk composition (XMg = 0.58–0.84 vs. 0.50), higher H2O content, and coarser grain-size. This study is the first petrologic analysis of Sivrihisar metagabbro and the first systematic study of H2O content in metabasites from this locality, which is one of the best-preserved examples of lawsonite eclogite and blueschist in the world.
Between Imperium and Emporion

Mediterraneanism was a central feature of the most influential modernist movement in Italy: Futurism. Taking to task the customary association of this avant-garde with Milan and all things northern, Fogu argues that a key impetus to Futurism’s extraordinary longevity, and cultural-political contribution to the transition between liberal and fascist Italy was its hold on the southern imagination and its cultivation of a modernist Mediterranean imaginary. The chapter focuses first on the Mediterranean birth of Futurism in F. T. Marinetti’s poetry and, in particular, his 1909 novel Mafarka il futurista. In the second half, Fogu hones on the contribution of the Neapolitan maverick Francesco Cangiullo to the construction of a futurist “poetic of surprise” that sustained the emporion matrix of the movement into the 1920s and 1930s.
Medial Epicondyle Apophyseal Avulsion Fractures in Youth Throwers: A Severe Variant of Little League Elbow

Background/Purpose: Medial epicondyle apophyseal avulsion fractures sustained during throwing represent an understudied, severe variant of medial epicondyle apophysitis, or ‘Little League elbow’. The study sought to characterize presenting features, treatment options, and clinical results of a large cohort of these fractures. Methods: Skeletally immature athletes with medial epicondyle apophyseal avulsion fractures sustained during throwing from 2003-2017 at a tertiary-care pediatric referral center were identified. Exclusion criteria were injuries sustained during non-throwing trauma or prior elbow fracture. Medical records and radiographic images were reviewed for study variables. Treatment decisions were made independently …
Extending coverage and thematic resolution of compositional land cover maps in a hierarchical Bayesian framework

Ecological models are constrained by the availability of high-quality data at biologically appropriate resolutions and extents. Modeling a species' affinity or aversion with a particular land cover class requires data detailing that class across the full study area. Data sets with detailed legends (i.e., high thematic resolution) and/or high accuracy often sacrifice geographic extent, while large-area data sets often compromise on the number of classes and local accuracy. Consequently, ecologists must often restrict their study extent to match that of the more precise data set, or ignore potentially key land cover associations to study a larger area. We introduce a hierarchical Bayesian model to capitalize on the thematic resolution and accuracy of a regional land cover data set, and on the geographic breadth of a large area land cover data set. For the full extent (i.e., beyond the regional data set), the model predicts systematic discrepancies of the large-area data set with the regional data set, and divides an aggregated class into two more specific classes detailed by the regional data set. We illustrate the application of our model for mapping eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) forests, an important timber species that also provides habitat for an invasive shrub in the northeastern United States. We use the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), which covers the full study area but includes only generalized forest classes, and the NH GRANIT land cover data set, which maps White Pine Forest and has high accuracy, but only exists within New Hampshire. We evaluate the model at coarse (20 km2 ) and fine (2 km2 ) resolutions, with and without spatial random effects. The hierarchical model produced improved maps of compositional land cover for the full extent, reducing inaccuracy relative to NLCD while partitioning a White Pine Forest class out of the Evergreen Forest class. Accuracy was higher with spatial random effects and at the coarse resolution. All models improved upon simply partitioning Evergreen Forest in NLCD based on the predicted distribution of white pine. This flexible statistical method helps ecologists leverage localized mapping efforts to expand models of species distributions, population dynamics, and management strategies beyond the political boundaries that frequently delineate land cover data sets.