cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limitations in efficacy of antidepressant monotherapy

Treatment for major depressive disorder does not achieve remission in about 50% of patients following 2 treatment trials. Researchers conducted the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study to compare various treatments for efficacy and tolerability. This article will focus on the efficacy of antidepressant monotherapy as determined by the STAR*D trial. Patients in the first treatment step of STAR*D received citalopram monotherapy and, depending on their response, moved either to follow-up or through a series of up to 4 additional treatment steps, each comprising different monotherapies, combinations, or augmentation treatment options. Only 1 of 3 patients remitted with the initial monotherapy. Rates of remission for each consecutive monotherapy were increasingly lower, suggesting that a series of monotherapy options may not be the best treatment strategy for patients who are nonresponsive to an initial monotherapy.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma has been associated with the indirect induction of neurological dysfunction. That is, neurological symptoms, signs, and, in some cases, pathological findings, occur in association with neuroblastoma in the absence of detectible tumor in the central nervous system. These syndromes, and others like them described in association with tumors other than neuroblastoma, are collectively referred to as paraneoplastic syndromes.
Arabidopsis thaliana leaves with altered chloroplast numbers and chloroplast movement exhibit impaired adjustments to both low and high light

The effects of chloroplast number and size on the capacity for blue light-dependent chloroplast movement, the ability to increase light absorption under low light, and the susceptibility to photoinhibition were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. Leaves of wild-type and chloroplast number mutants with mean chloroplast numbers ranging from 120 to two per mesophyll cell were analysed. Chloroplast movement was monitored as changes in light transmission through the leaves. Light transmission was used as an indicator of the ability of leaves to optimize light absorption. The ability of leaves to deal with 3 h of high light stress at 10 degrees C and their capacity to recover in low light was determined by measuring photochemical efficiencies of PSII using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Chloroplast movement was comparable in leaves ranging in chloroplast numbers from 120 to 30 per mesophyll cell: the final light transmission levels after exposure to 0.1 (accumulation response) and 100 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) (avoidance response) were indistinguishable, the chloroplasts responded quickly to small increases in light intensity and the kinetics of movement were similar. However, when chloroplast numbers per mesophyll cell decreased to 18 or below, the accumulation response was significantly reduced. The avoidance response was only impaired in mutants with nine or fewer chloroplasts, both in terms of final transmission levels and the speed of movement. Only mutants lacking both blue light receptors (phot1/phot2) or those with drastically reduced chloroplast numbers and severely impacted avoidance responses showed a reduced ability to recover from high light stress.
Case Study of an Alternative Merging Sign Design for Temporary Traffic Control in Work Zones

Signage plays an important role in work zones to provide guidance to drivers under changed conditions. This study investigated the safety effect of an alternative merge sign configuration in a freeway work zone. In this alternative configuration, the graphical-only lane closed sign from the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) was compared against a MERGE/arrow sign on one side and a Right Lane Closed sign on the other side. Although the graphical-only MUTCD signage for work zones has been in use for several years, it is not known if the signage recommended by the MUTCD offers the highest safety for all jurisdictions. The study measured driver behavior characteristics including speeds and open lane occupancies. The measurements were taken at a work zone on Interstate 70 in Missouri. The study found that the open lane occupancy upstream of the merge sign was higher for the test sign in comparison to the MUTCD sign. The occupancy values at different distances between the merge sign and the taper were similar for both signs. The test sign had 11% more traffic in the open lane upstream of the merge sign. In terms of safety, it is desirable for vehicles to occupy the open lane as far upstream from the taper as possible to avoid conflicts due to the lane drop. The analysis of speed characteristics did not reveal substantial differences between the two sign configurations. The 85th percentile speeds with the MUTCD sign were only 1.6 and 3.2 kph (1 and 2 mph) lower than the test sign at the merge sign and taper locations, respectively. In considering all the aforementioned performance measures, the alternative sign configuration was not superior, but performed equal to the MUTCD sign configuration. Language: en
Evidence of greater health care needs among older veterans of the Vietnam War.

ABSTRACT This study examined self-rated health, impairments in activities of daily living, and treatment for eight health conditions among Vietnam War-era veterans, comparing those who served in Vietnam with those who served elsewhere. Data were from the nationally representative 2001 National Survey of Veterans (N = 7,907; 3,923 veterans served in Vietnam). Age-stratified (<60 years versus ≥60 years) analyses included multivariate logistic regression. In adjusted analyses, among those <60 years of age, those who served in Vietnam had notably poorer self-rated health and higher stroke risk (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.48–1.53); odds of most other conditions were lower. Among those ≥60 years of age, those who served in Vietnam had poorer self-rated health, higher cancer risk (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–1.35), and more treatment for hypertension, lung conditions, stroke, and hearing loss. Results suggest greater resource use among older veterans who served in Vietnam. C...
Rapid, enhanced IV characterization of multi-junction PV devices under one sun at NREL

Multi-junction technology is rapidly advancing, which puts increasing demands on IV characterization resources. We report on a tool and procedure for fast turn-around of IV data under the reference conditions, but also under controlled variations from the reference conditions. This enhanced data set can improve further iterations of device optimization.
Water-Loss Rate and Cuticular Permeability in Foragers of the Desert Ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus

Although water-loss rates and cuticular permeabilities have been investigated in several xeric arthropods, they are little known in ants, which are abundant and ecologically important in many arid regions. We report here the water-loss characteristics of Pogonomyrmex rugosus foragers; this harvester ant species (mean mass ca. 15 mg) is widespread in the deserts of the southwestern United States. Cuticular permeability at 25° C was 11. 6μgH₂O $cm^{-2}$ $Torr^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$, less than half the value calculated from published datafor mesic ants. Cuticular permeability rose approximately exponentially with temperature, without a sharp transition point, and was not afected irreversibly by brief exposure to temperatures up to 60° C. Mean body water content was 65.9% of live body mass. Ants lost coordination at a body water content of 4.88 mg. This value did not scale with body mass. A predictive model is developed that allows the water balance and maximum exposure time of P. rugosus foragers to be calculated fr...
Agenda Setting and the Albuquerque Clean Indoor Air Ordinance

Abstract Health education professionals must continuously address health promotion issues using the latest strategies and research. Agenda setting uses interrelationships of the media, public, and policy agendas to explore how issues move to the forefront of policymakers' actions. The relative importance of an issue influences the policy agenda and is determined by how often an issue appears in the media. The Albuquerque Clean Indoor Air Ordinance is an example of agenda setting applied to a health promotion issue.
Under the Eaves of the Louvre: Political Theory Research in American and European Art Museums, Art Collections, and Art Libraries

This paper will include reflections on my experience working as a political theorist in art museums, art collections, and art libraries in the US and Europe. What does it mean to work on visual art as a political theorist? How does one go about it? What are some of the treasures and challenges a political theorist is apt to encounter working in places like the Louvre or the Cabinet des Estampes et de la photographie of the Bibliotheque Nationale de France? Does it make sense to count training and expertise in art research methods as a basis for partial fulfillment of the methodology requirement for a Ph.D. in political theory?
Analytic score distributions for a spatially continuous tridirectional Monte Carlo transport problem

The interpretation of the statistical error estimates produced by Monte Carlo transport codes is still somewhat of an art. Empirically, there are variance reduction techniques whose error estimates are almost always reliable, and there are variance reduction techniques whose error estimates are often unreliable. Unreliable error estimates usually result from inadequate large-score sampling from the score distribution`s tail. Statisticians believe that more accurate confidence interval statements are possible if the general nature of the score distribution can be characterized. Here, the analytic score distribution for the exponential transform applied to a simple, spatially continuous Monte Carlo transport problem is provided. Anisotropic scattering and implicit capture are included in the theory. In large part, the analytic score distributions that are derived provide the basis for the ten new statistical quality checks in MCNP.
Temperature Sensing in Modular Microfluidic Architectures

A discrete microfluidic element with integrated thermal sensor was fabricated and demonstrated as an effective probe for process monitoring and prototyping. Elements were constructed using stereolithography and market-available glass-bodied thermistors within the modular, standardized framework of previous discrete microfluidic elements demonstrated in the literature. Flow rate-dependent response due to sensor self-heating and microchannel heating and cooling was characterized and shown to be linear in typical laboratory conditions. An acid-base neutralization reaction was performed in a continuous flow setting to demonstrate applicability in process management: the ratio of solution flow rates was varied to locate the equivalence point in a titration, closely matching expected results. This element potentially enables complex, three-dimensional microfluidic architectures with real-time temperature feedback and flow rate sensing, without application specificity or restriction to planar channel routing formats.
Radiation or Mastectomy

Women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer are increasingly given the choice of mastectomy or lumpectomy and radiation therapy as primary treatment. This article suggests that high-quality provision of health care must include attention to psychosocial as well as medical issues during this decision-making process. Case examples are used to demonstrate the importance of exploration of feelings during this period to facilitate a decision that may be satisfactory psychologically as well as medically.
Analysis on 126kV Gas Insulation Substation Discharg Inside

This paper introduces that there is abnormal sound in the 126 kV GIS internal chamber.Through the ultrasonic wave partial discharge test,the existence of discharge defects is analyzed and judged.After opening chamber to examine and analysis,it is decided that error installation is the main reason of vibration and discharge inside.
Curvature and defects in nematic liquid crystals

ABSTRACTThe use of nematic liquid crystals for directed assembly of particles and for the creation of multistable systems depends on the ability to control the topological defects and the distortions of the director field. These are not only driven by topological constraints and by anchoring energies but also by the curvature field created by the bounding surfaces. This review explores the interaction between defects, topology, inclusions and curvature in nematics. I will introduce the relationship between curvature and the Frank elastic energy in nematics, and then I will give an overview of specific examples that show how this coupling can create unexpected behaviours, such as lock-and-key interactions, anchoring transitions on curved surfaces and memory effects.
HIV infection does not prevent the metabolic benefits of diet-induced weight loss in women with obesity

Objective To test the hypothesis that HIV infection impairs the beneficial effects of weight loss on insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Methods A prospective clinical trial evaluated the effects of moderate diet-induced weight loss on body composition, metabolic function, and adipose tissue biology in women with obesity who were HIV-seronegative (HIV−) or HIV-positive (HIV+). Body composition, multiorgan insulin sensitivity (assessed by using a two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure with stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions), and adipose tissue expression of markers of inflammation, autophagy, and ER stress were evaluated in 8 HIV− and 20 HIV+ women with obesity before and after diet-induced weight loss of 6% to 8%. Results Although weight loss was not different between groups (∼7.5%), the decrease in fat-free mass was greater in HIV+ than HIV− subjects (−4.4 ± 0.7% vs. −1.7 ± 1.0%, P < 0.05). Weight loss improved insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue (suppression of palmitate rate of appearance [Ra]), liver (suppression of glucose Ra), and muscle (glucose disposal) similarly in both groups. Weight loss did not affect adipose tissue expression of markers of inflammation or ER stress in either group. Conclusions Moderate diet-induced weight loss improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity in HIV+ women to the same extent as women who are HIV−. However, weight loss causes a greater decline in fat-free mass in HIV+ than HIV− women.
Quantitative imaging: Correlating image features with the segmentation accuracy of PET based tumor contours in the lung.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between image features extracted from PET images and the accuracy of manually drawn lesion contours in the lung. Such correlations are interesting in that they could potentially be used in predictive models to help guide physician contouring. In this work, 26 synthetic PET datasets were created using an anthropomorphic phantom and Monte Carlo simulation. Manual contours of simulated lesions were provided by 10 physicians. Contour accuracy was quantified using five commonly used similarity metrics which were then correlated with several features extracted from the images. Features were sub-divided into three groups using intensity, geometry, and texture as categorical descriptors. When averaged among the participants, the results showed relatively strong correlations with complexity and contrast I ( r ≥0.65, p r ≥0.5, p
Nonstandard Language Use

Non-standard uses are either non-conventional uses (uses that flout a linguistic standard or convention) or novel uses (uses that are non-standard in the sense of uncommon). There also are non-standardized uses. Malapropisms are examples of idiosyncratic non-conventional uses of expressions. There also are more widespread non-conventional uses, which may be better thought of as conventional uses relative to a non-standard dialect. Metaphorical and other such ‘non-literal’ uses of expressions are one sort of novel use. Inasmuch as these are analyzed in terms of Gricean particularized implicatures, such novel meanings are indirectly conveyed by means of the use of expressions that continue to have their conventional meanings. The alternative contextualist view of metaphor sees these novel meanings as directly expressed. Another sort of novel or ‘nonce’ use involves the coining of new words to express meanings that cannot be simply conveyed by means of existing expressions. Non-standardized uses are pragmatically marked ways of saying things.
Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Muscimol Into the Bilateral Subthalamic Nuclei of Nonhuman Primates.

Background Muscimol is a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist that selectively and temporarily inhibits neurons. Local bolus injection of muscimol has been used experimentally to inhibit neuronal populations within discrete anatomical structures and discern their physiological function. Objective To determine the safety and behavioral effects of convection-enhanced delivery of muscimol into the bilateral subthalamic nuclei (STN) of nonhuman primate rhesus macaques (NHPs). Methods Six awake NHPs underwent co-infusion of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), a surrogate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer, with increasing concentrations of muscimol for behavioral and histological assessment. Three other NHPs were co-infused with Gd-DTPA and 3H-muscimol into the STN to determine muscimol distribution by MRI and autoradiography. Two NHPs underwent microcatheter implantation without muscimol infusion for control comparison. Results MRI revealed selective and complete perfusion of the bilateral STN in animals infused with Gd-DTPA and muscimol. No abnormal movements occurred at 0.125 mM. Muscimol doses between 0.25 and 4.4 mM resulted in transient, dose-dependent hyperkinesia. Muscimol (8.8 mM) resulted in severe bilateral dyskinesias, ballistic movements, and sedation. An 88.8 mM dose produced unresponsiveness in 1 animal. Infusion-related pathological abnormities or toxicity was not present on histological examination. MRI distribution of co-infused Gd-DTPA was similar to autoradiographic distribution of 3H-muscimol (Vd; R = 0.94). Mean Vd of infused animals was 37.9 mm3 ± 11.7 mm3 and mean Vd: Vi 7.6 ± 2.3. Conclusion Bilateral convection-enhanced delivery of muscimol into the primate STN resulted in dose-related hyperkinetic movements that resolved after stopping the infusion. Muscimol was not toxic to brain tissue. Gd-DTPA accurately tracked muscimol distribution.
Circadian Rhythms: Influence of Light in Humans

Many aspects of human physiology and behavior are dominated by 24 h rhythms that have a major impact on our health and well-being. The daily light-dark cycle plays the primary role in synchronizing these rhythms with the 24 h day. The properties of light that determine the efficacy of its circadian phase-resetting effects include the timing, intensity, duration, pattern, wavelength, and history of exposure. Major advances have been made in understanding how light is detected by the eye to reset circadian rhythms. A novel photoreceptor system has been discovered that mediates circadian photic responses that is anatomically and functionally distinct from the visual system. Â© 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
The Cotton Workers’ Strike

Peano was never active politically, but his socialist sympathies were well known. This is illustrated by an incident that occurred in the late spring of 1906. On Wednesday, 2 May, of that year about 900 cotton mill workers (almost all women) at the Cotonificio Bass in Turin requested a reduction of the work day from 11 to 10 hours. The company refused this request and the workers went on strike. When the workers at the Cotonificio Hoffmann (about 600) heard about this the next day, they immediately left their work in an act of solidarity that became the signal for an almost general movement. In fact, part in the morning and part in the afternoon, workers in the other important factories left their work: Poma (about 1500), Mazzenis (about 900), Wild and Abegg (about 700), so that by the end of the week about 12,000 women were on strike.
Molecular Evolution of the Microfibril-Associated Proteins: The Fibulins and the MAGPs

This chapter reviews the evolutionary histories of two representative families of microfibril-associated proteins as distinctive examples of adding evolutionary novelty to the ancient microfibril genetic module. The microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGPs), a recent addition to the microfibril, evolved from a MAGP1-like gene in basal vertebrates. The extant MAGP1 and MAGP2 genes arose in a multigene duplication event, with functional divergence mediated by relaxation of natural selection and correlated evolution between MAGP2 and Notch1. Unique MAGP1 functions in bony vertebrates likely evolved by gain of function at the N-terminus. The fibulins (FBLNs) appeared at the base of the metazoans, contemporaneously with the Fibrillin gene. Diversification accelerated in chordates and vertebrates, to a total of nine FBLN genes. The vertebrate FBLN3/4/5 clade of elastogenic FBLNs evolved from a chordate ancestor by two gene duplication events in quick succession. Accelerated evolution in sequence and expression patterns occurred preferentially on the FBLN5 branch. Coevolution of functional motifs in FBLN3/4/5 with their partners in elastic fiber deposition contributed to the nonredundant specialization of the elastogenic FBLNs.
Systematics of the Graminicolous Clavicipitaceae

The family Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycotina) is important since it contains many species that are biotrophic associates of other organisms. Some species of Clavicipitaceae are obligate parasites of insects (e.g., species of Cordyceps [Fr.] Link); others, the graminicolous Clavicipitaceae, are obligate parasites of grasses and sedges (e.g., species of Balansia Speg., Claviceps Tul. and Epichloe [Fr.] Tul.). Among the important systematic problems in the graminicolous Clavicipitaceae are: 1) resolution of suprageneric classification; 2) definition of genera; and 3) definition of species. It is the conviction of the author that the systematic problems in this group of organisms may be resolved only by taking a holistic approach to systematics of the entire family. The following treatment expands on each of these problems and provides summary data of the state of the systematics to date.
Composite Risk for HIV: A New Approach Towards Integrating Biomedical and Behavioral Strategies in Couples-Based HIV Prevention Research.

A substantial number of new HIV infections among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women occurs in the context of primary partnerships. Given the diversity of risk reduction needs and various approaches available for reducing risk within couples, condomless sex is no longer the gold standard HIV outcome. We present a novel, comprehensive, and flexible Composite Risk for HIV (CR-HIV) approach for integrating evolving biomedical and behavioral HIV prevention strategies into couples-based HIV prevention intervention and survey research. We provide illustrative examples of the utility of the CR-HIV approach based on couples’ HIV status.
Identifying Patients with Headache Who Are at Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

When is urgent imaging warranted in patients presenting with sudden, severe, nontraumatic headache and normal findings on a neurologic examination?
Measurable Sets and Measurable Functions

The Riemann integral has multiple issues. In particular, too many functions are not Riemann integrable, interchange of limit and integral requires stringent hypotheses, and the Riemann integral does not provide a complete metric for continuous functions.
Concordance with NCCN treatment guidelines: Relations with health care utilization, cost, and mortality in breast cancer patients with secondary metastasis.

BACKGROUND The impact of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guideline concordance on costs, health care utilization, and mortality for patients with breast cancer and secondary metastases is unknown. METHODS From 2007 to 2013, women with early-stage breast cancer who received treatment for secondary metastases (n = 5651) were evaluated for first recorded systemic therapy concordance with NCCN guidelines within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-Medicare linked database. Generalized linear and mixed effects models evaluated factors associated with nonconcordance and the relation between concordance status and health care utilization and costs. Mortality risk was estimated with Cox regression. RESULTS Eighteen percent of the patients received nonconcordant therapy, with the most common being single-agent, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy (36%), therapy mismatched with the estrogen receptor/HER2 status (11%), unapproved bevacizumab regimens (10%), and adjuvant regimens in a metastatic setting (6%). A younger age, a hormone receptor-negative status, and a HER2-positive status were associated with nonconcordance (P < .05). Nonconcordance was associated with 22% and 21% increased rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations, respectively, and $1765 higher average monthly Medicare costs. Differences in adjusted mortality risk were noted by the category of nonconcordance; single-agent, HER2-targeted therapy was associated with decreased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% confidence limit [CL], 0.57-0.76), and increased mortality risk was observed with unapproved bevacizumab use (HR, 1.40; 95% CL, 1.13-1.74). CONCLUSIONS Most patients (82%) received treatment consistent with NCCN guidelines. Nonconcordant treatment was associated with higher health care utilization and costs, with mortality differences observed by the type of guideline deviation. Consideration of both patient and financial outcomes will be important as health systems increase the emphasis on guideline-based care.
Abstract P115: Urinary Angiotensinogen is Increased in Type 1 Diabetes With Mild Albuminuria: Gender Differences

Urinary angiotensinogen (uAOG) can be increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and in hypertension. We wanted to examine uAOG in patients with type 1 diabetes as a possible biomarker of enhanced ...
International Evidence on Fiscal Solvency: Is Fiscal Policy

This paper looks at fiscal solvency and public debt sustainability in both emerging market and advanced countries. Evidence of fiscal solvency, in the form of a robust positive conditional relationship between public debt and the primary fiscal balance, is established in both groups of countries, as well as in the sample as a whole. Evidence of fiscal solvency is much weaker, however, at high debt levels. The debt-primary balance relationship weakens considerably in emerging economies as debt rises above 50 percent of GDP. Moreover, the relationship vanishes in high-debt countries when the countries are split into high- and low-debt groups relative to sample means and medians, and this holds for industrial countries, emerging economies, and in the combined sample. These findings suggest that many industrial and emerging economies, including several where fiscal solvency has been the subject of recent debates, appear to conduct fiscal policy responsibly. Yet our results cannot reject the hypothesis of fiscal insolvency in groups of countries with high debt ratios, where the response of the primary balance to increases in debt is not statistically significant.
Nest switching and guarding by the communal sweat beeAgapostemon virescens (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)

In a nest aggregation of the univoltine sweat beeAgapostemon virescens in New York State, U.S.A., 58% of the adult females switched nests during their adult lives. Continuous guarding protected communal nests against the cleptoparasitic beeNomada articulata which successfully attacked nests occupied by solitary females. All females were egg layers and foraged for pollen at least occasionally. At the end of the foraging season, some nestmates usually acted as guards while others usually foraged.
Polarization Multiplexing-Based Ultra-Wideband Over Fiber Communication Employing Direct Modulation and Carrier Re-Use

A cost-efficient ultra-wideband (UWB) over fiber architecture is proposed and demonstrated through simulation results. A directly modulated laser diode at the central unit (CU) is employed to transport and generate downlink UWB signals at a remote access unit (RAU). The directly modulated carrier is re-used at the RAU for transmission of uplink UWB signal. Therefore, all-optical full-duplex transmission of UWB signals at a rate of 2 Gbps is achieved while maintaining very low-bit-error rate (BER) values.
An Overview of Sociopolitical Ecology

This book was written to present a theoretical and conceptual apparatus that supplies a basis for integrating selected aspects of the biological and social sciences. In particular, its objective is to develop a theoretical approach through which the relationships among human systems and between them and their nonhuman environments may be interpreted and understood using a known and well-defined viewpoint. In a broader sense, it was written with the hope of founding a new school of thought concerning the relevance of the various social sciences to general ecology and of biological ecology to the social sciences.
Near-Infrared Imaging with Second-Window Indocyanine Green in Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Gliomas Predicts Gadolinium Enhancement on Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Intraoperative molecular imaging with tumor-targeting fluorophores offers real-time detection of neoplastic tissue. The second window indocyanine green (SWIG) technique relies on passive accumulation of indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared fluorophore, in neoplastic tissues. In this study, we explore the ability of SWIG to detect neoplastic tissue and to predict postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings intraoperatively. Retrospective data were collected from 36 patients with primary high-grade gliomas (HGG) enrolled as part of a larger trial between October 2014 and October 2018. Patients received systemic ICG infusions at 2.5–5 mg/kg 24 h preoperatively. Near-infrared fluorescence was recorded throughout the case and from biopsy specimens. The presence/location of residual SWIG signal after resection was compared to the presence/location of residual gadolinium enhancement on postoperative MRI. The extent of resection was not changed based on near-infrared imaging. All 36 lesions demonstrated strong near-infrared fluorescence (signal-to-background = 6.8 ± 2.2) and 100 % of tumors reaching the cortex were visualized before durotomy. In 78 biopsy specimens, near-infrared imaging demonstrated higher sensitivity and accuracy than white light for diagnosing neoplastic tissue intraoperatively. Furthermore, near-infrared imaging predicted gadolinium enhancement on postoperative MRI with 91 % accuracy, with visualization of residual enhancement as small as 0.3 cm3. Patients with no residual near-infrared signal after resection were significantly more likely to have complete resection on postoperative MRI (p value < 0.0001). Intraoperative imaging with SWIG demonstrates highly sensitive detection of HGG tissue in real time. Furthermore, post-resection near-infrared imaging correlates with postoperative MRI. Overall, our findings suggest that SWIG can provide surgeons with MRI-like results in real time, potentially increasing resection rates.
Maker Chemistry: Exploring Redox Reactions in Introductory Laboratory through Light-Emitting Diode Printed Circuit Board Fabrication

Over the past decade the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET) has changed the general chemistry requirements to include a single introductory course for most engineering ...
Putting PjBL to the Test: The Impact of Project-Based Learning on Second Graders’ Social Studies and Literacy Learning and Motivation in Low-SES School Settings:

This cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of project-based learning with professional development supports on social studies and literacy achievement and motivation of second...
O’Donoghue Sports Injury Award: Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair is Non-Inferior to Autograft ACL Reconstruction at 2-Years: Results of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial:

Objectives:Preclinical studies and an early clinical cohort study have suggested that for complete midsubstance ACL injuries, the technique of suture repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ...
Out of the Blue and into the Black: Mobility and Sculptural Opacity in the Work of Flaka Haliti and Serge Alain Nitegeka

Modernist sculpture is often interpreted through its transparent capacity. In both Clement Greenberg's formalism and the technological and sociological experiments of the avant-garde – especially L...
Abstract 12808: Mechanism of Chronic Ranolazine Caused Regression of Cardiac Dysfunction in a Murine of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Beneficial Effects on Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function, [Ca 2+ ] i Regulation and Beta-Adrenergic Modulation

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) increases the risk of heart failure. As yet, no effective therapeutic strategies exist. Recent evidence indicates that intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na...
Chapter 1. Overview and Historical Perspective of Prenatal Diagnosis

Publisher Summary This chapter presents overview and historical perspective of prenatal diagnosis. The nature of genetic counseling has changed from a recital of statistical risks for disease to the ability to predict accurately whether a fetus is normal or affected as to the abnormality for which it is at risk. The development of narrow-bore fetoscopes has led to direct inspection of fetuses for certain types of anomalies. The application of biochemical techniques and those of molecular biology to such fetal blood specimens has already produced prenatal diagnoses of various hemoglobinopathies. The study of fetal white blood cells from these specimens is promising for the detection of certain immune-deficiency diseases and leukocyte abnormalities. The techniques of modem molecular genetics have been applied to the DNA of amniotic fluid cells. It is found that with the highly sensitive methods, several forms of thalassemia and, in certain families, sickle cell anemia have become amenable to rapid diagnosis by the study of the uncultured amniotic fluid cells.
The synthesis and assembly of myofibrils in embryonic muscle.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the recent electron microscopic and biochemical studies relevant to an understanding of the construction of myofibrils in striated muscle. Emphasis is placed on relating ultrastructural information to data obtained from the in vitro studies of the myofibrillar proteins and their respective myofilaments. It focuses primarily on vertebrate myofibrillogenesis, but as the problem is common to the development of all striated muscle, much of the discussion is relevant to both invertebrate and vertebrate species. It limits an analysis of the posttranslational steps in fibrillogenesis and the ultrastructural features of myogenic cells. The structure and chemistry of the organelle is reviewed briefly. The chapter presents data to indicate that the assembly of the free thick and thin myofilaments, into the double hexagonal array, can proceed in the absence of protein synthesis and may be another example of a self-assembly system. The distribution of polyribosomes in myogenic cells has been reviewed and it was concluded that no consistent morphological relationship exists between the polysome chains and the growing myofilaments. The close relationship of myofibrillogenesis to the inner surface of the plasma membrane has been noted and discussed at some length.
Ludwig's angina: Concepts of therapy, with report of a case

Abstract A case of Ludwig's angina occurring in the course of a systemic hypersensitivity state has been presented. Presumably, a remission of the systemic disease was brought about by high doses of steroids. A brief historical review of Ludwig's angina was also presented, with emphasis on the changing concepts of therapy. It is our belief that establishment of an adequate airway by tracheotomy early in the course of the disease is mandatory. Control of sepsis can then be obtained by intensive antibiotic therapy. There is little rationale for the use of submandibular surgical incision or “decompression” of the phlegmon unless suppuration, which is a rare finding, supervenes.
New Results Concerning Synchronized Finite Automata

We establish a tight hierarchy of two-way synchronized finite automata having only universal states on the number of allowed processes, i.e. L(2SUFA(kproc)) \(\subsetneq\)L(2SUFA(k + 1-proc)), by studying reduction functions made by two-way deterministic finite automata with a one-way write-only output tape. Consequently for every k > 1, L(2SUFA(k-proc)) has a complete set under 2DFA reductions and is not closed under union or intersection. In contrast, we show that the corresponding hierarchy collapses for unary alphabets. Next we study multihead synchronized finite automata having only universal states. We show that ∪ k=1 ∞ L(2SUFA(k-heads)) = ∪ k=1 ∞ L(2UFA(k-heads)) = NLOG, and ∪ k=1 ∞ L(1SUFA(k- heads)) = ∪ k=1 ∞ L(1UFA(k-heads)). As a result, we establish a tight hierarchy on the number of heads of the two-way machines, i.e. L(2SUFA(k-heads)) \(\subsetneq\)L(2SUFA(k+l-heads)), and a weaker hierarchy of the one-way machines, i.e. L(1SUFA(k-heads)) \(\subsetneq\)L(1SUFA(2k + 1heads)).
Long-Term SOFC Stability with Coated Ferritic Stainless Steel Interconnect

This study details long-term performance data for anode-supported thin-film YSZ-based SOFCs utilizing a ferritic stainless steel cathode current collector (Crofer22 APU) coated with a protective (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 spinel to prevent Cr volatilization. Two standard cathode compositions, La(Sr)FcO 3 and La(Sr)MnO 3 , were considered. The coating proved effective in blocking Cr migration, which resulted in long-term stability of the manganite cathode. In contrast the ferrite cathode indicated degradation that could not be attributed to Cr poisoning.
Could David Hume Have Known about Buddhism? Charles Francois Dolu, the Royal College of La Flèche, and the Global Jesuit Intellectual Network

Philosophers and Buddhist scholars have noted the affinities between David Hume's empiricism and the Buddhist philosophical tradition. I show that it was possible for Hume to have had contact with Buddhist philosophical views. The link to Buddhism comes through the Jesuit scholars at the Royal College of La Fleche. Charles Francois Dolu was a Jesuit missionary who lived at the Royal College from 1723-1740, overlapping with Hume's stay. He had extensive knowledge both of other religions and cultures and of scientific ideas. Dolu had had first-hand experience with Theravada Buddhism as part of the second French embassy to Siam in 1687-1688. In 1727, Dolu also had talked with Ippolito Desideri, a Jesuit missionary who visited Tibet and made an extensive study of Tibetan Buddhism from 1716-1721. It is at least possible that Hume heard about Buddhist ideas through Dolu.
Influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose gentamicin in healthy volunteers.

Study Objective. To determine the single-dose pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in healthy humans undergoing hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure. Design. Randomized, crossover trial. Setting. Specialized hyperbaric research facility within a United States Air Force medical center. Subjects. Five healthy men between 28 and 43 years of age. Interventions. Each subject received a total of two doses of intravenous gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg lean body weight spaced at least 2 weeks apart. One dose was infused under normobaric oxygen (NBO) conditions and the other under HBO conditions. Measurements and Main Results. Gentamicin pharmacokinetic values were determined on 11 serum samples per subject collected sequentially out to 300 minutes after infusion. Using PCNONLIN, the following results demonstrated no difference between the pharmacokinetic values under HBO and NBO conditions, respectively: β half-life (112, 115 min); volume of distribution (0.201, 0.184 L/kg); peak concentration (6.52, 7.23 mg/L); clearance (0.0754, 0.0676 L/kg/hr). Conclusions. Hyperbaric oxygen produced no changes in the measured pharmacokinetic values of gentamicin under the conditions specified in this study. It is possible that numerous HBO exposures could produce a cumulative effect on gentamicin pharmacokinetics that would not be discernible in a single-dose study. Because of the profound physiologic effects of HBO, drugs with narrow therapeutic indexes should be evaluated under HBO conditions if they are to be given to patients receiving HBO treatments.
Steam Versus Hot-Water Scalding in Reducing Bacterial Loads on the Skin of Commercially Processed Poultry

A comparison of two types of scalders was conducted to determine their effectiveness in reducing bacterial contamination of poultry carcasses. A conventional hot-water scalder and a prototype model of a steam scalder were tested under commercial conditions. Total plate counts from steam-scalded birds were significantly lower than the counts of water-scalded birds immediately after scalding and again after picking. No differences in the two methods could be found after chilling. Coliform counts from steam-scalded birds were significantly lower than the counts from water-scalded birds immediately after scalding. No significant differences in coliform counts were detected when the two scald methods were compared after defeathering and chilling.
A review of path-independent integrals in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics

The path independent (P-I) integrals in elastic plastic fracture mechanics which have been proposed in recent years to overcome the limitations imposed on the J integral are reviewed. The P-I integrals considered herein are the J integral by Rice, the thermoelastic P-I integrals by Wilson and Yu and by Gurtin, the J* integral by Blackburn, the J sub theta integral by Ainsworth et al., the J integral by Kishimoto et al., and the delta T sub p and delta T* sub p integrals by Atluri et al. The theoretical foundation of these P-I integrals is examined with emphasis on whether or not path independence is maintained in the presence of nonproportional loading and unloading in the plastic regime, thermal gradients, and material inhomogeneities. The similarities, differences, salient features, and limitations of these P-I integrals are discussed. Comments are also made with regard to the physical meaning, the possibility of experimental measurement, and computational aspects.
Multiscale Estimation of Binding Kinetics Using Brownian Dynamics, Molecular Dynamics and Milestoning

The kinetic rate constants of binding were estimated for four biochemically relevant molecular systems by a method that uses milestoning theory to combine Brownian dynamics simulations with more detailed molecular dynamics simulations. The rate constants found using this method agreed well with experimentally and theoretically obtained values. We predicted the association rate of a small charged molecule toward both a charged and an uncharged spherical receptor and verified the estimated value with Smoluchowski theory. We also calculated the kon rate constant for superoxide dismutase with its natural substrate, O2 −, in a validation of a previous experiment using similar methods but with a number of important improvements. We also calculated the kon for a new system: the N-terminal domain of Troponin C with its natural substrate Ca2+. The kon calculated for the latter two systems closely resemble experimentally obtained values. This novel multiscale approach is computationally cheaper and more parallelizable when compared to other methods of similar accuracy. We anticipate that this methodology will be useful for predicting kinetic rate constants and for understanding the process of binding between a small molecule and a protein receptor.
Bidwidth analysis with application to silicon compilation

This paper introduces Bitwise, a compiler that minimizes the bitwidth the number of bits used to represent each operand for both integers and pointers in a program. By propagating 70 static information both forward and backward in the program dataflow graph, Bitwise frees the programmer from declaring bitwidth invariants in cases where the compiler can determine bitwidths automatically. Because loop instructions comprise the bulk of dynamically executed instructions, Bitwise incorporates sophisticated loop analysis techniques for identifying bitwidths. We find a rich opportunity for bitwidth reduction in modern multimedia and streaming application workloads. For new architectures that support sub-word data-types, we expect that our bitwidth reductions will save power and increase processor performance. This paper also applies our analysis to silicon compilation, the translation of programs into custom hardware, to realize the full benefits of bitwidth reduction. We describe our integration of Bitwise with the DeepC Silicon Compiler. By taking advantage of bitwidth information during architectural synthesis, we reduce silicon real estate by 15 - 86%, improve clock speed by 3 - 249%, and reduce power by 46 - 73%. The next era of general purpose and reconfigurable architectures should strive to capture a portion of these gains.
Influence and performance in simultaneous collective and individual induction

Abstract A four-person cooperative group (majority) and four separated individuals (distributed minorities) solved the same rule induction problem simultaneously in different rooms. The group and individuals exchanged hypotheses and evidence on each trial (HE), hypotheses only (He), evidence only (hE), or neither (he). The individuals did not exchange with each other. A formal analysis distinguishes (1) influence by correct, plausible, and nonplausible hypotheses; (2) instigative influence (when individual and group disagree on trial t); and supportive influence (when individual and group agree on trial t); and (3) individual influence on the group, group influence on the individual, and mutual individual and group influence. The results supported five predictions. First, the order of the four exchange conditions was HE > hE > He > he for group instigative influence on the individuals by correct hypotheses and HE = He = hE = he for individual instigative influence on the group by correct hypotheses. Second, there were higher probabilities of instigative influence by correct hypotheses than by plausible hypotheses and very low probabilities of instigative influence by nonplausible hypotheses. Third, mutual supportive influence by correct hypotheses was a virtual absorbing state, but there were very low probabilities of mutual supportive influence by plausible and nonplausible hypotheses. Fourth, the aggregate proportion of correct hypotheses of the group and four yoked individuals was increased by the exchange of evidence but not by the exchange of hypotheses. Fifth, groups and individuals followed comparable strategies of confirmation and disconfirmation of hypotheses.