cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional structure of the pFc′ fragment of guinea pig IgG1

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the pFc′ fragment of guinea pig IgGl, a dimer of C H 3 homology sub-units, has been determined to 3.125 A nominal resolution by crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement methods using as a probe the refined structure of a human IgG1 C H 1 homology sub-unit. The path of the polypeptide chain has been traced from Gly341 to Ile441. No continuous electron density was found for the N-terminal segment before Gly341. The majority of the amino acid side chains were located in the electron density map. The overall tertiary structure and many features of secondary structure found in other constant region homology sub-units of immunoglobulins are preserved in pFc′. The high homology in amino acid sequence among C H 3 regions of different immunoglobulins can be partly explained on the basis of the three-dimensional structure; residues which are involved in contacts essential to the tertiary and quaternary structure of the molecule are conserved or conservatively replaced. Amino acid sequence differences in the C H 3 regions of different sub-classes of IgG are analyzed with respect to their position in the three-dimensional structure and the effector function properties of the different sub-classes.
Postoperative Blood Loss Predicts the Development of Urinary Extravasation on Cystogram Following Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

Purpose: We determined if the degree of postoperative bleeding predicts the extent of urinary extravasation on initial postoperative cystogram.Materials and Methods: Between October 2000 to June 2004, 879 men underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon. Of these men 97% underwent the initial postoperative cystogram 3 to 8 days following radical prostatectomy. Postoperative bleeding was expressed as the absolute change in hematocrit between hematocrit values measured immediately upon arrival into the recovery room and hospital discharge. Three hematocrit points were added to the change in postoperative hematocrit for every unit of blood transfused postoperatively. The relationship between the change in postoperative hematocrit and the extent of extravasation was examined.Results: None, mild, moderate and marked extravasation was observed on the initial cystogram in 82.7%, 7.9%, 8.8% and 0.6% of cases, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between changes in post...
The Contributions of Robert A. Wijsman to Sequential Analysis

Abstract Robert A. Wijsman made fundamental contributions to the field of sequential analysis, especially in the area of invariant sequential tests and exponential boundedness of stopping times. This article provides an overview of the main themes and ideas of this impressive body of work, along with some personal remembrances from family members and colleagues.
An internal variable model of viscoplasticity

Abstract A time and temperature dependent plasticity model is formulated in a Lagrangian system to describe finite deformation. The history dependence and large strain behavior are incorporated through the introduction of one tensor internal variable. Linear decomposition of the stretching tensor into elastic and plastic parts is assumed and a constitutive equation is formulated for the plastic stretching which predicts a pseudo yield point. The model assumes a temperature change based upon he occurrence of adiabatic processes. Model prediction in comparison to strain rate change tests and tension and torsion tests is discussed.
Continental break up and the distribution of fishes of Western Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous

Abstract Many Early Cretaceous fishes were endemic to western Gondwana, making their fossils potentially useful tools in biogeographic reconstruction. These occur in a variety of tectonic settings; for example, in rift basins of the East Brazilian Rift System (EBRIS) and corresponding sites in western Africa, in non-rift basins within the EBRIS region, and in interior localities far removed from this area in both Africa and Brazil. Furthermore these occurrences span much of the Early Cretaceous and include syn-rift and post-rift (transitional and marine) deposits. Development of a permanent equatorial seaway in the late Aptian is identified as a crucial event in the biogeographical history of western Gondwana, but several earlier tectonic events are recognized that could have played an important role in pre-drift intercontinental speciation. Different patterns of distribution are noted among non-marine fishes, some taxa occurring within areas of rifting while others are more widespread. The earliest Cretaceous marine fishes in NE Brazil are late Aptian and early Albian endemic circum-Gondwanan taxa. Their arrival coincides with the formation of the equatorial seaway but they occur in strata that were deposited under conditions of anoxia and abnormally high salinity. A more widespread marine invasion (probably from Caribbean Tethys) occurred in the middle and late Albian as oxygen and salinity levels were normalized and surface water exchange began in the equatorial Atlantic.
Antireflective Photoanode Made of TiO2 Nanobelts and a ZnO Nanowire Array

We fabricated an antireflective hybrid nanostructure using anatase TiO2 nanobelts synthesized by an alkaline hydrothermal route and a ZnO nanowire array grown via a low-temperature solution-phase process. The replacement of TiO2 nanoparticles with TiO2 nanobelts improved the electron transport in the TiO2 porous film. Importantly, rigorous coupled-wave analysis and reflectance measurements indicate that the well-designed composite of TiO2 nanobelt−ZnO nanowire array acted as an efficient antireflection coating. The photoanode made of this hybrid nanostructure may enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by minimizing the electron−hole recombination-related and reflection-induced energy loss.
Physiological pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of (+/-)-verapamil in female rats.

Tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics of verapamil were evaluated during steady state intravenous (i.v.) infusion and after single dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) drug administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. In one group of rats, verapamil was infused to a steady state concentration at which time animals were killed. Verapamil-induced decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored during infusion and correlated with concomitantly obtained plasma verapamil concentrations. Tissue (lung, liver, renal medulla, renal cortex, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, perirenal fat, brain stem, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum) and plasma samples were obtained immediately after animals were killed and verapamil and norverapamil concentrations determined. Another group of rats, after receiving i.p. verapamil, were killed at 1, 3, 5, 19, and 24 h. Elimination from each tissue evaluated was described by a first order process. Elimination half-life of verapamil was similar among plasma and tissues evaluated (1.5 to 2.2 h). The per cent verapamil not bound to plasma proteins was concentration-independent and similar between rats receiving i.p. (mean +/- S.D.) (2.28 +/- 0.72 per cent) and i.v. (2.08 +/- 0.03 per cent) verapamil. MAP and verapamil concentration in plasma (r = 0.75; p less than 0.01) and cardiac muscle (r = -0.82; p less than 0.01) were inversely correlated in a highly significant fashion during both i.v. and i.p. drug administrations. The tissue-to-plasma distribution ratio for verapamil and norverapamil was similar among animals receiving i.p. verapamil at all points of sampling, suggesting distribution equilibrium had been achieved. After steady state i.v. infusion, both verapamil and norverapamil tissue: plasma concentration ratios were greater than after i.p. administration. Higher tissue: plasma verapamil concentration ratios after i.v. administration than after i.p. administration suggest either only a pseudoequilibrium is attained after i.p. administration or that determinants of tissue distribution of racemic verapamil differ with different routes of drug administration. In these studies, MAP provided a reasonable pharmacodynamic marker for verapamil tissue and plasma concentrations.
Computerized symbolic manipulation in nonlinear finite element analysis

The potential of using computerized symbolic manipulation in the development of nonlinear finite elements is discussed. Three tasks which can be efficiently performed using computerized symbolic manipulation are identified: (1) generation of algebraic expressions for the stiffness coefficients of nonlinear finite elements, (2) generation of FORTRAN source code for numerical evaluation of stiffness coefficients, and (3) checking the correctness of the FORTRAN statements for the arrays of coefficients. The symbolic and algebraic manipulation system MACSYMA is used in the present study. Two sample MACSYMA programs are presented for the development of the nonlinear stiffness coefficients of two-dimensional, shear-flexible, doubly-curved deep shell elements. The first program is for displacement models and the second program is for mixed models with discontinuous stress-resultant fields at interelement boundaries.
Ethics in independent nurse consulting: Strategies for avoiding ethical quicksand

Changes in health care have created a variety of new roles and opportunities for nurses in advanced practice. One of these changes is the increasing number of advanced practice nurses carrying out independent consultation. Differences in goals between business and health care may create ethical dilemmas for nurse consultants. The purpose of this article is to describe possible ethical pitfalls that nurse consultants may encounter and strategies to prevent or solve these dilemmas. Three themes related to nursing codes of ethics will be discussed: the duty to uphold human rights, the duty to fulfill commitments, and the duty to practice the profession competently.
Bundle of Streams: Concept and Evaluation in Distributed Interactive Multimedia Environments

Distributed Interactive Multimedia Environments (DIMEs) enable geographically distributed people to interact with each other in a joint media-rich virtual environment for a wide range of activities, such as art performance, medical consultation, sport training, etc. The real-time collaboration is made possible by exchanging a set of multi-modal sensory streams over the network in real time. The characterization and evaluation of such multi-stream interactive environments is challenging because the traditional Quality of Service metrics (e.g., delay, jitter) are limited to a per stream basis. In this work, we present a novel cyber-physical, spatio-temporal QoS model that includes new metrics to measure and evaluate QoS for a bundle of streams and across bundles of streams. The new model allows better assessment of performance of any DIME application which employs multiple sensors. We validate our model by comparing the QoS performance of bundle of streams over three transport protocols - UDP, DCCP, and TCP in a 3D tele-immersive test bed.
Sleep Disturbance and Affective Comorbidity Among Episodic Migraineurs

Background Disturbances in sleep are common among migraineurs, particularly those with frequent (ie, chronic) migraine. Examination of specific types of sleep disturbance and behaviors among episodic migraineurs, however, has not been sufficiently explored. Further, few studies have investigated whether sleep disturbance is attributable to comorbid affective symptomatology. Objectives The present case-control study sought to (1) assess sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep hygiene among a large sample of episodic migraineurs; (2) quantify relations between sleep disturbance and headache-related variables; and (3) determine if these relations remain after accounting for comorbid depression and anxiety. Methods Two hundred ninety-two undergraduate students (69.9% female, mean age = 19.19, standard deviation [SD] = 3.21 years) completed measures of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep hygiene along with well-validated measures of depression and anxiety symptomatology. Those screening positive for migraine were subsequently administered a structured diagnostic interview to verify diagnosis of migraine consistent with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition. Episodic migraineurs and non-migraine controls were compared on the sleep disturbance variables, and among those with migraine, relations with headache frequency, severity, and disability were quantified with linear regression analyses. Results Seventy-eight (26.7%) participants met International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition criteria for episodic migraine. Compared with participants without migraine, episodic migraineurs reported poorer sleep quality (mean = 8.90 [SD = 3.39] vs 6.63 [SD = 3.02], P < .0001), with 85.9% reporting clinically significant poor sleep quality (vs 62.0% of controls). Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with headache frequency and headache-related disability, accounting for proportions of variance (14.8% in frequency and 18.2% in disability, both P ≤ .001) similar to those attributable to depression and anxiety. These relationships remained significant after controlling for these affective symptoms, in which sleep quality accounted for 5.3% and 5.8% of unique variance in frequency and disability, respectively (P < .05). By comparison, daytime sleepiness and poor sleep hygiene were not consistently associated with migraine or migraine-related variables. Conclusions Consistent with prior studies on chronic migraine, poor sleep quality is uniquely associated with episodic migraine, and this relationship is not solely attributable to comorbid psychiatric symptomatology. Sleep quality should be preferentially assessed (vs sleepiness and sleep hygiene) when subjective self-report measures of insomnia are used in clinical headache settings. Future studies should supplement these findings by evaluating the efficacy of interventions that specifically target sleep quality and insomnia (eg, stimulus control, sleep restriction) among episodic migraineurs.
CiteSeerχ: a scalable autonomous scientific digital library

CiteSeer is a scientific literature digital library and search engine which automatically crawls and indexes scientific documents in the fields of computer and information science. Since it's inception in 1997 CiteSeer has grown to index over 730,000 documents and serves over 800,000 requests daily, pushing the limits of the current system's capabilities. In addition, CiteSeer's monolithic architecture inconveniences system maintenance and reduces the flexibility of the system in terms of new feature development, algorithm updates, and system interoperability. In this paper, we discuss the problems of the current CiteSeer architecture and propose a new architecture for a next generation CiteSeer application. The new architecture is based on modular web services and pluggable service components. Preliminary results based on a prototype system show the new architecture enhances flexibility, scalability, and performance for CiteSeer. In addition, new services in development for the next generation CiteSeer system are discussed.
Detecting, tracking, and exploiting spectrum opportunities in unslotted primary systems

We consider the design of an spectrum overlay network where secondary users detect, track, and exploit spectrum opportunities in unslotted primary systems. We develop a decision-theoretic framework for the optimal joint design of the spectrum sensor and tracking and access strategies, and obtain structural solutions. Our results suggest the equivalence between the design of overlay networks in unslotted primary systems and that in slotted primary systems where channel occupancy by primary users can only change at known and fixed time instants. This equivalence points to the possibility of reducing the design of spectrum overlay in unslotted primary systems to that in slotted primary systems, a significantly simpler problem, and porting results available on the latter to the former.
Robust trend tests for genetic association in case-control studies using family data

We studied a trend test for genetic association between disease and the number of risk alleles using case-control data. When the data are sampled from families, this trend test can be adjusted to take into account the correlations among family members in complex pedigrees. However, the test depends on the scores based on the underlying genetic model and thus it may have substantial loss of power when the model is misspecified. Since the mode of inheritance will be unknown for complex diseases, we have developed two robust trend tests for case-control studies using family data. These robust tests have relatively good power for a class of possible genetic models. The trend tests and robust trend tests were applied to a dataset of Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism.
The Muir-Torre syndrome: A 25-year retrospect

The Torre or Muir-Torre syndrome consists of certain types of sebaceous neoplasms of the skin, with or without keratoacanthomas, and one or more low-grade visceral malignancies in the absence of other predisposing factors. The sebaceous tumors are relatively uncommon or rare: sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous epithelioma, basal cell epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation, and sebaceous carcinoma. Sebaceous hyperplasia and hamartomas such as nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn, with or without a sebaceous epithelioma within it, are not a defining part of this syndrome. Sebaceous hyperplasia is common in elderly light-complexioned people with or without this syndrome. Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn is not rare and is predisposed to the development of other neoplasms within it, including occasionally a sebaceous epithelioma. Colonic polyps are frequently present. Muir-Torre syndrome requires recognition because affected patients are at risk of multiple primary malignancies. The skin lesions may be the first sign of this syndrome, although more often its cutaneous signs follow the diagnosis of at least the first visceral malignancy. The Muir-Torre syndrome portends the greater possibility of a favorable prognosis than might be anticipated otherwise because the visceral cancers are usually low-grade malignancies. However, they are often multiple, so identifying such patients will affect their management in a few ways. Because these indolent visceral malignancies tend to permit prolonged survival, even metastatic disease may respond well to aggressive surgical treatment. The sebaceous cancers in this syndrome, like the visceral malignancies, are less aggressive than their counterparts unassociated with this syndrome. Because this syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, identifying one patient means delineating an entire family, which should be investigated. This syndrome may be caused by a defective mismatch DNA repair gene.
Plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, self reported pain perception and anxiety levels in women during pregnancy and labor

Plasma Beta-endorphin (B-END) immunoreactivity was measured in 19 men, 16 women at midcycle, and ten pregnant women at various points in their pregnancies. There is a significant difference between the levels measured in males and females (t = 3.74, df = 31, p = .0007). Pregnant women demonstrated a steady increase in plasma Beta-End-like immunoreactivity between second and third trimester and through labor. The levels dropped rapidly postpartum. The material being measured is predominantly B-end-sized. Psychological studies indicate that these changes are not strongly correlated with pain perception or self-reported anxiety levels.
Phosphorus(III) Bromide–Copper(I) Bromide–Zinc

(PBr3) [7789-60-8] Br3P (MW 270.67) InChI = 1S/Br3P/c1-4(2)3 InChIKey = IPNPIHIZVLFAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Cu2Br2) [7787-70-4] Br2Cu2 (MW 286.90) InChI = 1S/2BrH.2Cu/h2*1H;;/q;;2*+1/p-2 InChIKey = OFOWYKFLGFHYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (Zn) [7440-66-6] Zn (MW 65.39) InChI = 1S/Zn InChIKey = HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (conversion of enediols into 1,3-dienes) Physical Data: see entries for Phosphorus(III) Bromide, Copper(I) Bromide, and Zinc.
Illustrated Examples of the Effects of Risk Preferences and Expectations on Bargaining Outcomes

The author highlights bargaining examples that use expected utility theory. Bargainer payoffs in the event of a dispute are represented by a simple lottery. Expectations are assumed to affect a bargainer's subjective probabilities over lottery outcomes, and risk preferences affect the expected utility of a given lottery. Risk preferences and/or expectations are predicted to influence both negotiated outcomes and the likelihood of a bargaining impasse. The analysis shows that, ceteris paribus, risk aversion or pessimism, or both, will cause a bargainer to capture less of the pie in negotiations. Similarly, risk-loving and optimistic bargainers are more likely to experience impasse because of the disappearance of the contract zone. The results are intuitive, can be shown graphically and algebraically, and provide upper-level students with engaging examples that show the usefulness of expected utility theory.
Efficient simulations of supply chains

High volume production flows are modeled by nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations representing conservation laws. These models have Little's law explicitly built into the formulation. Borrowing from concepts in gas dynamics and vehicular traffic models we derive several prototypical equations representing linear as well as reentrant factories. Multiple products, dispatch polices and control actions can be modeled. Standard hydrodynamic codes provide very fast simulations of these models allowing us to link them together to form efficient supply chain simulations.
An improved switched-capacitor integrator

A novel switched-capacitor integrator is described which results in the mapping of the analogue frequency axis directly on the unit circle of the z-plane. The circuit requires one extra capacitor and additional switches. It makes the design much easier and doubles the effective sampling rate.
Temperature effects on anaerobic fermentation of domestic refuse

Anaerobic fermentation of organic solid waste can provide a significant source of fuel gas (methane). Application of this process requires a better understanding of the kinetics of the biological system. The literature is replete with kinetic studies of this process as applied to waste solids from water pollution control systems. Much of this work has been conducted in the mesophilic temperature range. Increased temperatures yield higher reaction rates that will improve the economics of the process. The rate limiting step in the fermentation of refuse is the hydrolysis of the complex organic solids, in particular cellulose. Cellulose is a major component of the refuse. A laboratory study employing domestic refuse has shown the effect of temperature on the rate of methane fermentation. The optimum mesophilic temperature was found to be 42°C, while the optimum thermophilic temperature was at least 60°C. No data was obtained beyond the 60°C temperature. Reaction rate constants are presented for anaerobic fermentation of domestic refuse. Because of the characteristics of the substrate it−was not possible to obtain the necessary measurements for evaluation of constants in the Monod model. An overall system constant was developed.
Development and Characterization of a Novel CD19CherryLuciferase (CD19CL) Transgenic Mouse for the Preclinical Study of B-Cell Lymphomas

Purpose: Experimental Design:We developed a novel genetically engineered transgenic mouse using a CherryLuciferase fusion gene targeted to the CD19 locus to achieve B-cell restricted fluorescent-bioluminescent emission in transgenic mouse models of living mice. The use of a dual function protein enables one to link the in vivo analysis via bioluminescence imaging to cell discriminating ex vivo analyses via fluorescence emission. Results:The spatiotemporal tracking of B-cell lymphoma growth and the response of an established B-cell lymphoma to a drug known to induce remission was evaluated in a double transgenic animal obtained by crossing the CD19CherryLuciferase transgenic mouse to a mouse model of an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. The observations validated the use of the CD19CherryLuciferase transgenic mouse in the assessment of an active drug routinely used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative malignancies. Conclusions: The transgenic mouse described here is the first of its kind, intended to be used to hasten translational studies of novel agents in lymphoma, with the intent that understanding the relevant pharmacology prior to clinical study will accelerate successful development in clinical studies.
Place of death among older Americans: does state spending on home- and community-based services promote home death?

Background:The majority of Americans die in institutions although most prefer to die at home. States vary greatly in their proportion of home deaths. Although individuals’ circumstances largely determine where they die, health policies may affect the range of options available to them.Objective:To e
Nonspecific binding removal from protein microarrays using thickness shear mode resonators

Nonspecific binding is a universal problem that reduces bioassay sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrate that ultrasonic waves, generated by 5-MHz quartz crystal resonators, accelerate nonspecifically bound protein desorption from sensing and nonsensing areas of micropatterned protein arrays, controllably and nondestructively cleaning the micropatterns. Nonsensing area fluorescent intensity values dropped by more than 85% and sensing area fluorescent intensity dropped 77% due to nonspecific binding removal at an input power of 14 W. After patterning, antibody films were many layers thick with nonspecifically bound protein, and aggregates obscured patterns. Quartz crystal resonators removed excess antibody layers and aggregates leaving highly uniform films, as evidenced by smaller spatial variations in fluorescent intensity and atomic force microscope surface roughness values. Fluorescent intensity values obtained after 14-W QCR operation were more repeatable and uniform.
Economic incentives encourage farmers to improve water management in California

Economic incentives are used in many situations to motivate improvements in the use of scarce resources. In some areas, implementing appropriate incentives is made challenging by the nature of existing institutions or the inability to assign property rights and measure individual use of key resources. Higher prices for irrigation water can motivate wiser use of water in regions where the opportunity cost of water is rising, due to increasing municipal, industrial and environmental demands. This paper describes how an increasing block-rate pricing structure was designed and implemented in an irrigation district in central California. The goals of the program were to improve water management practices and reduce the volume of subsurface drain water discharged into the San Joaquin River. Results describing reductions in average irrigation depths and drain water volumes, collected throughout the 1990s, demonstrate the potential for achieving resource management goals with economic incentives that motivate changes in farm-level management practices. Complementary incentive programs and issues regarding program implementation and the sustainability of drain water reduction efforts in an arid region also are discussed.
Implications of the Human Microbiome Project for Epidemiology

The structure and function of microorganisms that live in and on us, the human microbiota, are a tremendous resource. Microbiota may help to explain individual variability in health outcomes and be a source of new biomarkers for environmental exposures and of novel prognostic and diagnostic indicators. The increase in availability of low-cost, high-throughput techniques makes it relatively straightforward to include microbiota assessments in epidemiologic studies. With the recent joint publications of the findings of the Human Microbiome Consortium and related studies, the consequent surge of interest in microbiome research, and remarkable media attention, the time is ripe for epidemiologists to contribute their expertise to and translate results of microbiota research for population health.
Improving routing performance through m-limited forwarding in power-constrained wireless ad hoc networks

We present m-limited forwarding, a technique to reduce the cost of disseminating information in a power-constrained environment by limiting the cardinality of the subset of nodes which retransmit a packet. We show how this technique can be used to improve the performance of ad hoc routing protocols. m-AODV applies m-limited forwarding to the AODV routing protocol, and is used for networks with symmetric connections. We implemented m-A^4LP, a protocol which can take advantage of the asymmetric links found in heterogeneous networks consisting of nodes with different transmission ranges. We quantify the benefits of the enhanced routing protocols and report the results of a simulation study regarding the power consumption of the nodes and the packet loss ratio. We conclude that m-AODV outperforms plain AODV and LAR in general scenarios, and m-A^4LP shows a significantly lower packet loss ratio than AODV in heterogeneous networks.
Using Relational Database Software To Prepare An Archival Dataset For Importation Into A Statistical Analysis Package

Researchers frequently find that archival data that they need to test their theoretical models must undergo a variety of preparatory steps before the data are ready to be loaded into their favorite statistical analysis package. Although some powerful software tools and techniques to handle such data preparation do exist and are relatively easy to learn, many researchers remain unaware of them. The purpose of this paper is to introduce some of these data preparation tools and techniques by use of a hands-on demonstration. The demonstration begins with data embedded in a Web page and shows how a spreadsheet, a word processor, and the SQL language from a relational database can be used to make the extracted “ready for prime-time.” The original Web page data for the demonstration can be downloaded from the authors’ web page; the software packages used to prepare the data are MS Excel , MS Word , and MS Access . Although SPSS is used for the statistical analysis described in the final phase of the process, readers do not have to have this software to benefit from the demonstration. Any statistical analysis package could be used.
Fast Detection of Transformed Data Leaks

The leak of sensitive data on computer systems poses a serious threat to organizational security. Statistics show that the lack of proper encryption on files and communications due to human errors is one of the leading causes of data loss. Organizations need tools to identify the exposure of sensitive data by screening the content in storage and transmission, i.e., to detect sensitive information being stored or transmitted in the clear. However, detecting the exposure of sensitive information is challenging due to data transformation in the content. Transformations (such as insertion and deletion) result in highly unpredictable leak patterns. In this paper, we utilize sequence alignment techniques for detecting complex data-leak patterns. Our algorithm is designed for detecting long and inexact sensitive data patterns. This detection is paired with a comparable sampling algorithm, which allows one to compare the similarity of two separately sampled sequences. Our system achieves good detection accuracy in recognizing transformed leaks. We implement a parallelized version of our algorithms in graphics processing unit that achieves high analysis throughput. We demonstrate the high multithreading scalability of our data leak detection method required by a sizable organization.
Infant-driven feeding in premature infants: a quality improvement project.

Background Many neonatal units are adopting developmentally appropriate feeding practices such as cue-based or infant-driven feeding (IDF). There have been limited studies examining the clinical benefit of this approach. Methods A quality improvement initiative was undertaken to introduce an IDF protocol for premature infants 6/7 and 32–33 6/7 weeks gestation. A questionnaire assessed provider9s acceptance of the plan. Results The PMA at full nipple feeds and at discharge was significantly lower in the IDF than PDF group. Infants 6/7 weeks GA reached full nipple feeds 11 days sooner and were discharged 9 days earlier in the IDF versus PDF group. Babies 32–33 6/7 weeks GA reached full nipple feeds 3 days sooner and were discharged 3 days earlier in the IDF versus PDF group. Providers viewed the implementation of the plan favourably. Conclusions The IDF approach was associated with significant reduction in time to full feeds and discharge, an effect that was most pronounced in infants >28 weeks GA. The downstream benefits included provider and parent satisfaction.
Plasma Concentrations of Diltiazem and Desacetyldiltiazem in an Overdose Situation

ObjectiveTo describe the elimination of diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem in an overdose situation.Case SummaryAn 18-year-old woman ingested controlled delivery diltiazem 14.94 g in a suicide attempt. After arriving at the hospital unresponsive and hypotensive, her condition progressed to complete heart block, cardiogenic shock, asystole, and acute renal failure. Supportive care consisted of vasopressors, intravenous calcium, intravenous glucagon, charcoal hemoperfusion, temporary transvenous pacing, and an intraaortic balloon pump. After 12 days in the hospital, the patient recovered fully.DiscussionWe report a large, documented overdose of diltiazem and detail the pharmacokinetic profiles of both diltiazem and its active metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem. Nonlinear elimination of diltiazem appears to occur at higher concentrations. Although the patient improved clinically following charcoal hemoperfusion, no dramatic effects on diltiazem elimination were apparent.ConclusionsSurvival following massive diltia...
Hydrogen diffusion in bulk MgB2

Abstract The diffusion of hydrogen in MgB2 is crucial to the kinetics of rehydrogenation of Mg(BH4)2. We report a comprehensive combination of first-principles calculations and Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations to examine the energetics of diffusion of hydrogen atoms through bulk MgB2. From these calculations we find that diffusion is fast for the neutral interstitial hydrogen defect and that the overall migration barrier for hydrogen diffusion in MgB2 is 0.22 eV, showing that rapid diffusion of hydrogen is possible even at moderate temperatures. The interstitial hydrogen defect formation energy is around 0.8 eV at 0 K, indicating a low hydrogen solubility at moderate temperatures.
Abstract A83: Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor alpha and astrocyte elevated gene-1 mediates cryptotanshionone induced anti-tumor activity in hypoxic PC-3 cells

Although cryptotanshinone (CT) from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was known to exert antitumor activity in liver, breast and prostate cancers, its molecular mechanism under hypoxia still remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, the roles of astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) and HIF-1α in crytotanshinone induced antitumor activity were investigated in PC-3 prostate cancer cells under hypoxia. Cryptotanshinone exerted cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells and suppressed HIF-1α accumulation and transcriptional activity and AEG-1 expression in hypoxic PC-3 cells. Also, AGE-1 was overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and also upregulated along with HIF-1α in hypoxic PC-3 cells. Interestingly, HIF-1α siRNA transfection blocked AEG-1 expression and activated caspase 9/3 and PARP cleavage, while AEG-1 siRNA transfection did not affect HIF-1α activity in hypoxic PC-3 cells. Of note, HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, dimethyloxalylglycine enhanced the stability of AEG-1 and HIF-1α during hypoxia. In addition, CT also significantly reduced cellular levels of VEGF, a downstream of HIF-1α, and disturbed tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells maintained in conditioned medium of hypoxic PC-3 cells. Consistently, ChIP assay revealed that CT inhibited the binding of HIF-1α to VEGF promoter. Furthermore, CT at 10 mg/kg suppressed the growth of PC-3 cells in BALB/c athymic nude mice by 46.4% compared to untreated control. Consistently, immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of Ki-67(proliferation), CD34 (blood vessel), VEGF (angiogenesis), carbonic anhydrase(CA)IX (hypoxic marker) and AEG-1 indices in CT-treated group compared to untreated control. Overall, our findings suggest that CT exerts antitumor activity via inhibition of HIF-1α, AEG1 and VEGF as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. Citation Format: Sung Hoon Kim, Hyojeong Lee, Hanna Hyun Kim, Deok Beom Jung, Eunjung Sohn. Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor alpha and astrocyte elevated gene-1 mediates cryptotanshionone induced antitumor activity in hypoxic PC-3 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A83.
Carapace Width as a Tool for Evaluating the Rate of Development of Spiders in the Laboratory and the Field

The mean carapace width (logarithm) shows a linear relationship to stadium for 8 families and 14 species of spiders. Laboratory data from the literature for 4 families and 8 species are plotted to illustrate the point. The rate of increase in mean carapace width shows a linear relationship to sample date for field-collected Tarentula kochi Keyserling, although the slope changes between stadia VI and VII and stadia IX and X (3 regression equations). The carapace width of T. kochi increases 0.15 and 0.32 mm per stadium between stadia I through VI and VII through XII, respectively. The duration of a stadium was calculated by dividing the increase in carapace width between molts by the slope of the regression equation. The calculated duration of stadia I through VI, VII through IX and X through XII was 27.3, 29.6, and 56.1 days per stadium, respectively, for T. kochi in the field. When a 4°C warmer mean microclimate temperature was considered, the duration of stadia I through VI, VII through IX, and X through XII was 29, 35.6, and 55 days per stadium respectively, as predicted from laboratory-rearing data. In addition, regression equations of weight against carapace width for T. kochi and Aptostichus atomarius Simon were similar. The regression equation of weight to carapace width is very useful in relating mean weight of spiders in the field to stadium or size.
Relation of Aphids to the Spread of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Gladiolus

A survey was made of the aphid species occurring on gladiolus. Virtual absence of colonization on gladiolus and the presence of alates of at least 18 species led to the conclusion that cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) spread would be largely due to migrating aphids. Transmission tests were made with a CMV type strain and a CMV isolated from gladiolus. Transmission was obtained with six species not previously recorded as CMV vectors. A literature survey revealed that negative reports of CMV transmission with certain aphid species were based largely on inadequate tests. The conclusion was reached that probably the majority of colonizing or migrating aphid species found in a CMV-susceptible herbaceous crop would be CMV vectors. The aphid transmissibility of a CMV isolate from daphne was lost during a period of about 9 months or reduced to a level of efficiency not detectable by tests involving 1100 aphids ( Myzus peraicae (Sulz.)).
Physiological Responsivity and Executive Functioning: Implications for Adaptation and Resilience in Early Childhood

Knowledge of how physiological responsivity and executive functioning relate to adaptation and resilience in early childhood has improved dramatically over the last decade, yet most studies focus on only one of these processes. By highlighting new findings and ongoing research, in this article, I advocate for investigating the dynamic interplay among physiological arousal, executive functions, and contextual experiences. New analytic approaches advance the conceptualization and measurement of physiological response as a process that comprises both reactivity and recovery. I also offer strategies for capturing complexities in contextual influences through examination of stimulating experiences, unique proximal and distal pathways, nonlinear effects, and longitudinal cascade models. This work can improve our understanding of how young children cope with stressors, engage with challenges, and achieve the optimal arousal and well-regulated behavior that supports development and learning.
Mechanisms of Cell Killing Response from Low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Radiation Originating from 177Lu Radioimmunotherapy Targeting Disseminated Intraperitoneal Tumor Xenografts

Radiolabeled antibodies (mAbs) provide efficient tools for cancer therapy. The combination of low energy β−-emissions (500 keVmax; 130 keVave) along with a γ-emission for imaging makes 177Lu (T1/2 = 6.7 day) a suitable radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of tumor burdens possibly too large to treat with α-particle radiation. RIT with 177Lu-trastuzumab has proven to be effective for treatment of disseminated HER2 positive peritoneal disease in a pre-clinical model. To elucidate mechanisms originating from this RIT therapy at the molecular level, tumor bearing mice (LS-174T intraperitoneal xenografts) were treated with 177Lu-trastuzumab comparatively to animals treated with a non-specific control, 177Lu-HuIgG, and then to prior published results obtained using 212Pb-trastuzumab, an α-particle RIT agent. 177Lu-trastuzumab induced cell death via DNA double strand breaks (DSB), caspase-3 apoptosis, and interfered with DNA-PK expression, which is associated with the repair of DNA non-homologous end joining damage. This contrasts to prior results, wherein 212Pb-trastuzumab was found to down-regulate RAD51, which is involved with homologous recombination DNA damage repair. 177Lu-trastuzumab therapy was associated with significant chromosomal disruption and up-regulation of genes in the apoptotic process. These results suggest an inhibition of the repair mechanism specific to the type of radiation damage being inflicted by either high or low linear energy transfer radiation. Understanding the mechanisms of action of β−- and α-particle RIT comparatively through an in vivo tumor environment offers real information suitable to enhance combination therapy regimens involving α- and β−-particle RIT for the management of intraperitoneal disease.
Evaluation of elevated blood pressure.

Hypertension is often primary, or essential, in which no apparent cause can be determined from the usual investigative maneuvers, such as taking a history, performing a physical examination, and screening laboratory results. In these individuals, the laboratory serves chiefly to estimate target organ damage, if present, and to identify the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors that may influence the choice of antihypertensive therapy. In other patients, the screening laboratory findings, in conjunction with the appropriate clinical setting, leads to the choice of specific diagnostic tests that elucidate the presence of a secondary cause for hypertension. This review covers the rationale for the basic screening tests and the pursuit of suspicious findings from the screening laboratory evaluation.
The Surgical Repair of Membranous Urethral Strictures: Experience with 105 Consecutive Cases

AbstractWe reviewed 105 patients with rupture of the membranous urethra in whom impassable strictures developed. With 16 years being the division between children and adults there were 73 adults and 32 children. We prefer to repair these strictures with the mobilized anterior urethra if this can be accomplished satisfactorily, rather than using skin substitution urethroplasties. The mobilized anterior urethra was used in 90 patients: 63 adults and 27 children. The anterior urethra in the remaining 15 patients had been damaged either by a previous operation or by previous disease and needed skin substitution urethroplasty. Techniques, complications and results in the 3 types of repair are presented.
Selective hydrophilization of the permeate surface to enhance flux in membrane distillation

Abstract This paper reports the development of novel hydrophilized membrane for water desalination using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The permeate side of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane on polypropylene (PP) support was hydrophilized by chemical treatment with oxidizing agents to enhance the rapid condensation and removal of permeated vapors. Depending upon the process conditions, permeate flux was as high as 61 L/m2 h, and as much 73% higher than an unmodified membrane. 58% increase in overall mass transfer coefficient was also observed with the hydrophilized membrane. In short, hydrophilization of membrane surface showed enhanced flux at lower temperature, making this a more energy efficient process.
Path to health asthma study: A survey of pediatric asthma in an urban community.

ABSTRACTObjective: Minority children with asthma who live in low-income urban communities bear a disproportionate burden of the disease. This study explores the perceived health care needs related to asthma care, identifies asthma triggers, potential barriers to care, and assesses the need for additional community resources. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Hispanic and African American adults (n = 53) who take care of a child with asthma and live in an urban community of North Philadelphia. Input from community leaders was obtained in the development the survey tool resulting in a unique ‘community-centric’ questionnaire. The survey was also available in Spanish. All surveys were conducted in the community setting. Results: Variables were used to measure asthma severity and triggers. Children were categorized with intermittent (n = 24, 45.3%), mild persistent (n = 13, 24.5%), or moderate-to-severe persistent asthma (n = 16, 30.2%). Most children with persistent asthma were enrolled under...
Stringing physics along

"Hypotheses non fingo," wrote Isaac Newton 300 years ago in the second edition of his Principia Mathematica. It has been variously translated as "I do not make hypotheses" or "I do not feign hypotheses". Instead, Newton established laws of nature such as his theory of universal gravitation – simple, economical equations of broad explanatory power able to account for diverse phenomena both known and yet to be observed. His natural philosophy became the dominant paradigm of the mechanical world-view and, more generally, what we call the scientific method.
All-optical amplitude modulation of a middle-infrared quantum cascade laser

We demonstrated the all-optical modulation in the optical emission power of a standard middle infrared quantum cascade laser by optically illuminating its front facet with femtosecond near infrared pulse train. The modulation frequency is found up to 10.35 GHz, much faster than the observed laser current response, only 3 GHz.
Population Approach to Precision Medicine

Abstract Precision medicine involves accurate identification of actionable mutations in a specific disease including cancer. Based on the omics profiling, it is possible to design approaches for disease diagnosis, response to treatment, and follow-up survival. Molecular biomarkers play a significant role in decision making while conducting targeted therapy. Some success has been achieved in this direction and challenges, such as genetic, epigenetic, socioeconomic, and behavior diversity in different racial and ethnic groups, have been identified. With collaborative and team efforts, precision medicine can be made as a standard way of disease treatment and improving health.