cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical Activation of Lipoplexes Formed from DNA and a Redox-Active, Ferrocene-Containing Cationic Lipid

We recently reported that the ferrocene-containing cationic lipid BFDMA [bis(11-ferrocenylundecyl)dimethylammonium bromide] can be used to mediate cell transfection, and that levels of transfection depend critically upon the oxidation state of the ferrocenyl groups of the lipid. Here, we report that the redox activity of BFDMA can be exploited to transform lipoplexes formed from oxidized BFDMA (which do not transfect cells) to lipoplexes that are “active” (and thus mediate high levels of transgene expression) by treatment with the chemical reducing agent glutathione (GSH). We demonstrate that GSH can be used to reduce the ferrocenium groups of oxidized BFDMA rapidly both (i) in solution and (ii) in lipoplexes formed by mixing oxidized BFDMA and DNA. Lipoplexes transformed in this manner mediate levels of cell transfection in vitro that are comparable to levels of transfection mediated by lipoplexes prepared by mixing DNA and reduced BFDMA. We demonstrate further that the chemical reduction of oxidized BFD...
Low-power low-noise 0.13 µm CMOS X-band phased array receivers

Single and 4-element phased array receivers have been developed in 0.13 µm CMOS for 9–10 GHz applications. The design is based on alternating amplifiers and phase shifter blocks to result in the lowest power consumption by limiting the output P 1dB of active blocks. The 9–10 GHz phased array results in a measured average gain of 11–12 dB per channel, a NF of 3.0–3.3 dB, a P1dB of −15 to −16 dBm over a bandwidth of 1 GHz. The phased array consumes 19 mW per channel (76 mW − 4 channels) from a 1.2 V supply and occupies an area of 2.7×0.7 mm2 (3.0×2.4 mm2 − 4 channels). To our knowledge, this is the lowest power consumption silicon phased array to-date with this combination of gain, NF and linearity.
A test of the expectations hypothesis in very short-term international rates in the presence of preferred habitat for liquidity

Abstract This study incorporates year-end and quarter-end preferences for liquidity and other calendar-time effects into the test of the expectations hypothesis (EH) in the very short-term LIBOR (maturities of one month and shorter) in seven major world currencies. The calendar-time effects are found to alter long-term relations between very short-term rates in these currencies. These effects alone are not responsible for the rejection of the EH in the data, as it is rejected in most of the cases even after appropriate controls are introduced. However, such effects are capable of causing the EH to be rejected and should be controlled for when testing the EH in very short-term rates.
Enhanced field ionization of water adsorbed on a carbon monoxide-covered, platinum field emitter tip

Abstract The influence of carbon monoxide, adsorbed on a platinum field emitter tip, on field ionization of adsorbed water was examined. Ramped field desorption (RFD) measurements of water ionization were performed at 108 K for water layer thicknesses up to 80 ML on a clean or CO-saturated tip surface. In RFD the applied field is ramped linearly in time until water ionization is detected, giving the onset field of ionization. Water ionization yields hydrated hydroxide ions and protons; the hydroxide ions remain within the water layer on the tip, while the hydrated protons are emitted into vacuum. At a low water coverage of 1.5 ML, the CO adlayer substantially reduced the onset field of ionization (that is, facilitated ionization) of water by 40%, from a value of 0.43 V/A for water on clean Pt to 0.26 V/A for water on CO-covered Pt. The extent of the reduction gradually diminished with thicker coverages of water and was absent at coverages of 20 ML or greater. The characteristic decay length of the field enhancement was 4.7 ± 1 ML. The results were analyzed with the charge exchange model of ionization kinetics and changes in dipole moments of water adsorbed without and with CO. The analysis reveals that a change in water structure (dipole moment) caused by CO is an important contributor in field enhancement and that the dipole moment for hydrated hydroxide ion in an ice-like layer must be greater than that for bulk ice-like water. The significance of these results with respect to electrochemical oxidation of CO is discussed.
Indoleamine 2, 3- Dioxygenases 2: The Missing Link For The 1-methyl-D-trp Mechanism Of Action?

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is one of the only two heme-containing enzymes that catalyze the first and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway of L-Trp metabolism. IDO1 has been implicated in the escape mechanism of cancer cells from immune surveillance. Consequently, IDO1 has been recognized as an important anticancer drug target. Recent studies showed that an IDO1 inhibitor, 1-methyl-Trp (1-M-Trp), triggers antitumor immunity and can be used to improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. Preclinical studies showed that the D stereoisomer of 1-M-Trp exhibits superior antitumor activity; however, it is less potent for the purified enzyme. On this basis, a second isoform of IDO1 had been suspected. It was not until last year that this second isoform of IDO1, named IDO2, was identified. To understand the missing link for the D-1-M-Trp mechanism of action, we have cloned, expressed and purified recombinant human IDO2. Resonance Raman and optical absorption spectroscopic studies showed that IDO2 exhibits structural features slightly different from IDO1. Furthermore, an activity assay with D- or L-Trp shows that IDO2 does not produce N'-Formyl-kynurenine as IDO1 does; instead, a new product with an absorption maximum at 344 nm was produced. Stopped-flow measurements show that IDO2 binds O2 in a similar fashion as IDO1. Together these data indicate novel function and action mechanisms of IDO2 that are distinctive from IDO1.
Flame Transfer Functions and Their Applications to Combustion Analysis and Control

Heat release rate responses to inlet fuel modulations, i.e. the flame transfer function (FTF), are measured for a turbulent, liquid-fueled, swirl-stabilized, LDI combustor. Fuel modulations are achieved using a motor-driven rotary fuel valve designed specially for this purpose, which is capable of fuel modulations up to 1 kHz. Small-amplitude fuel modulations, typically below 2.0% of the mean fuel, are applied in this study. There is almost no change in FTFs at different fuel modulation amplitude, implying that the derived FTFs are linear and that the induced heat release rate oscillations mainly respond to variations in the instantaneous fuel flow rate rather than in the droplet size and distribution. The gain and phases of the FTFs at different air flow rates and preheat temperature are examined. The instantaneous fuel flow rate is determined from pressure measurements upstream of a fuel nozzle. Applications of the FTF to modeling and control of combustion instability and lean blowout are discussed. Near-LBO stability enhancement using small-amplitude fuel modulation based on the output of a LQG controller is numerically demonstrated.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Biological applications of gold nanorods

Gold nanoparticles have been used as an additive for aesthetic purposes for centuries. However, only in the last decade scientists have begun to understand the fundamental concepts that explain the fascinating optical properties nanoscale particles possess. Gold nanoparticles may be tuned to absorb and scatter light in the visible to near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These properties result from the collective oscillations of electrons along the metal surface and can be altered by changing the particles' shape, size, or environment. Gold nanoparticles having a rod-like morphology are of particular interest because of their anisotropic shape. The absorption profile of gold nanorods includes two absorption bands: one due to light absorbed along the short axis (transverse) and the other due to absorption along the long axis (longitudinal). As the rod length increases, so does the longitudinal band red shift together with an increase in the extinction coefficient. As a result of this optical control and sensitivity to changes in local environment, gold nanorods are useful materials for sensing, photothermal therapy, and imaging. This article highlights established and emerging applications of gold nanorods as a platform for viable biological tools.
Prebiotic oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis in a cyclic evaporating system at low temperatures

Deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphates were condensed by cyanamide or by l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide in the presence of ammonium chloride at 0 degree, 37 degrees or 60 degrees C through several cycles of evaporation to dryness with replenishment of all reactants at each cycle. We found that at 37 degrees or 60 degrees cyanamide gives distinctly more high molecular weight material than does carbodiimide. Indeed, the yield of condensed products for the cyanamide reaction (dimers and higher oligomers) was found to be between 60 percent and 80 percent. The molecular weight distribution of the product shifts to higher molecular weights as cycling continues at 37 degrees or 60 degrees for both condensing agents. The water soluble carbodiimide gives higher yields of low molecular weight product but much lower yields of the higher molecular weight products. At 0 degree yields of high molecular weight product were low for both condensing agents. Results of characterization of the products demonstrate the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides including tetramers, with 3'-5' phosphodiester linkages.
Analytical modeling methodology for ultrawideband low noise amplifiers with generalized filter-based impedance matching

In this paper, we present a modeling methodology for fully integrated inductively degenerated cascode ultrawideband low noise amplifiers (LNA) with generalized filter-based impedance matching networks. Our accurate analytical models capture the impact of device and passive component parasitics and transistor short channel effects to generate accurate designs. Utilizing our methodology, we are able to accurately generate an ultrawideband LNA in the 3.1---10.6 GHz frequency band using third and fifth order Chebyshev filters as input impedance matching networks. The speed and accuracy of the proposed analytical model will facilitate rapid design space exploration for ultrawideband LNAs.
The Origins of the Teapot

Are you interested in more articles of this type? Are you interested in data (such as the teapot data) or code or both? Do you have public domain data and/or code that you would be willing to share? Please send your answers and comments to chip Hatfield, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 5504, L-156, Livermore, CA 94550 or HATFIELD@LLL-ICDC.ARPA.
Rational-Choice Models of Political Behavior vs. Functionalist and Conformist Theories

After a virtual neglect for several decades, in the last twenty years renewed interest has been shown in a general theory of social behavior. Most of this theoretical work has depended on two main postulates. One is the functionalist (sometimes called structural-functional) approach to the explanation of social institutions, based on the assumption that the social institutions of a given society can best be understood in terms of their social functions, that is, in terms of the contributions they make to the maintenance of social systems as a whole. For lack of an established technical term, we shall call the other postulate the conformist approach to the explanation of individual behavior, it is based on the assumption that uniformities of individual behavior in a given society can best be understood in terms of certain commonly accepted social values, which most members of the society tend to internalize during their socialization process.
Inner-city women at risk for cervical cancer: Behavioral and utilization factors related to inadequate screening

This study investigated the relationships between health care utilization, knowledge, attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics, and adequacy of cervical cancer screening among a random sample of women from inner-city neighborhoods with high rates of cervical cancer mortality. Of 416 women interviewed, 30.3% reported hysterectomies; women with intact uteri (N = 290) are the subjects of this analysis. Over two-fifths (44.1%) reported not receiving adequate Pap testing during the previous 4 years. Compared with adequately screened women, they were more likely to be 45 years or older, have no medical insurance, report never having been to an obstetrician-gynecologist, recall never having been told by a medical provider how often to get a Pap test, rely on providers for adequate screening, report not seeking care as often as they think they should, have less knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer, and believe that women should get Pap tests less than yearly. Separate models for younger and older women showed that these factors vary by age, demonstrating the need for interventions to be sensitive to age subgroups. These findings suggest that cancer control activities should place more emphasis on motivating women as well as influencing the health care delivery system to maximize reductions in cervical cancer.
The effects of exercise training on elderly persons with cognitive impairment and dementia: A meta-analysis

Abstract Heyn P, Abreu BC, Ottenbacher KJ. The effects of exercise training on elderly persons with cognitive impairment and dementia: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1694–704. Objective To determine by meta-analysis whether physical exercises are beneficial for people with dementia and related cognitive impairments. Data sources Published articles and nonpublished manuscripts from 1970 to 2003 were identified by using electronic and manual searches. Key search words included exercise , rehabilitation , activities of daily living , dementia , Alzheimer's disease , aged , and geriatrics . Study selection Reviewed studies were limited to randomized trials evaluating exercise in persons 65 years of age or older with cognitive impairment. Studies included quantitative results (means, standard deviations, t tests, F tests) for physical fitness, physical functioning, cognition, or behavior outcomes. Data extraction One reviewer extracted data on study characteristics and findings. Selected articles were evaluated for methodologic quality by 2 raters. Data synthesis A total of 2020 subjects participated in the 30 trials that met the inclusion criteria. Summary effects were computed using a fixed effects (Hedge's g i ) model. Significant summary effect sizes (ES) were found for strength (ES=.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], .58–.92), physical fitness (ES=.69; 95% CI, .58–.80), functional performance (ES=.59; 95% CI, .43–.76), cognitive performance (ES=.57; 95% CI, 0.43–1.17), and behavior (ES=.54; 95% CI, .36–.72). The overall mean ES between exercise and nonexercise groups for all outcomes was .62 (95% CI, .55–.70). Conclusions Exercise training increases fitness, physical function, cognitive function, and positive behavior in people with dementia and related cognitive impairments.
Expression, Genomic Organization, and Transcription of the Mouse Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Gene

Although the rat angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) was cloned and shown to be a member of the seven transmembrane domain-type receptor family, its signaling mechanism and biological roles have not been established. To acquire additional information on the structure and functions of AT2 genomic DNA, we cloned the mouse AT2 gene and examined its expression, transcription, and genomic organization. The amino acid sequence of the mouse AT2 cDNA showed a 98.5% sequence identity with the rat AT2. In mouse fetus, mRNA of the AT2 was highly expressed in the eviscerated carcass and brain. This expression decreased rapidly after birth. In 10-week-old mice, mRNA of the AT2 could be detected in the brain by Northern blot analysis. However, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA of the AT2 was expressed in all organs examined, indicating that the AT2 is expressed at a low level in other organs. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA of the mouse liver digested with BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII resulted in single bands, indicating that the AT2 gene probably exists at a single locus in the mouse genome. The nucleotide sequence of the AT2 gene (4.5 kb of the EcoRI fragment) revealed the presence of three exons. An entire coding sequence was included in the third exon. Primer extension experiments showed the presence of two transcription initiation sites in the mouse AT2 gene. A DNA segment of about 1.5 kb of the promoter region (-1497 to +56 bp) of the mouse AT2 gene was fused to a luciferase reporter gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Religious Change and Stability: Seasonality in Church Attendance from the 1940s to the 2000s

Using attendance data from a declining Episcopal church and a growing Lutheran church in a medium-sized midwestern city, we explore the issue of seasonality in church attendance from the 1940s to the late 2000s. Our central concern is whether month-to-month variation in church attendance has remained the same or changed over the period of time under consideration. We find remarkable consistency in the overall month-to-month attendance pattern over the course of the past seven decades but less variation in attendance from month to month in more recent decades in both churches. We argue that the findings demonstrate the presence of a “committed core” of church members who attend regularly and the departure of nominal members who have swelled the ranks of the “nones” in recent decades.
Referral Practices Among Lawyers: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

This article analvzes referral practices among lawyers. The hypothesis is that the market for legal services is “efficient,” that is, market forces enable plaintiffs in personal injury cases to maximize their recoveries, given the quality of lawyers representing defendants. If this market is indeed efficient, one would expect that legal claims which would benefit most from high-quality legal services would be assigned to high-quality lawyers. The evidence shows that referrals enable claims to be matched with lawyers in just that way. That is, through the mechanism of referrals, claims of greater intrinsic value are assigned to lawyers of higher quality. The paper also provides a model of the decision a generalist must make: to litigate a case himself or refer it to a trial specialist. The implications of the model support the hypothesis that this market is efficient in the sense defined above.
Parents' Wishes and Expectations for Children with Chronic Conditions

This qualitative study investigated the wishes and expectations that parents had for their children with chronic physical health conditions. Participants included parents of 21 African American, 20 Hispanic, and 22 European American children. Results indicated that many parents' wishes were specifically related to the child's chronic condition, including that the condition would not exist, would be cured, or would improve. Other wishes focused on the psychosocial well-being of the child, independent living skills, education, having a family, behavioral issues, and religion. Although all of the wishes had a positive connotation, some of the expectations were positive and others were negative. Expectations were about the child's condition, the child's psychosocial well-being, independent living skills, education, and social concerns. Two characteristics of the chronic conditions, mental retardation and mobility impairment, affected the types of wishes that parents had. Differences among the three ethnocultural groups were noted in two types of wishes, education and behavioral issues, as well as in parents' expectations about social problems.
Expression of Branching Enzyme I of Maize Endosperm in Escherichia coli

The gene encoding for mature branching enzyme (BE) I (BEI) of maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm has been expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 promoter. The expressed BEI was purified to near homogeneity so that amylolytic activity and bacterial BE could be completely eliminated from the BE preparation. The recombinant enzyme showed properties very similar to those of BEI purified from developing maize endosperm with respect to branching amylose and amylopectin. This result confirmed our earlier report that maize endosperm BEI had a higher rate of branching amylose and a much lower rate (less than 10% of that of branching amylose) of branching amylopectin. This study also showed a great advantage in purifying BEI from the bacterial expression system rather than from developing maize endosperm. Most important, this study has established the system with which to study the structure-function relationships of the maize BEI using site-directed mutagenesis.
Detection mechanisms in microstrip dipole antenna-coupled infrared detectors

We compare the detection mechanisms employed in microstrip dipole antenna-coupled infrared detectors. The electrical currents induced along the antenna arms are detected by a rectangular niobium (Nb) microsensor placed at the center of the antenna. The ohmic nature of the Au–Nb contact determines the detection mechanism. Devices with linear contacts between the Au antenna arms and the Nb microsensor exhibit bolometric response. A nonlinear Au– insulator–Nb junction rectifies the induced antenna currents. Devices with nonlinear contacts also exhibit a bolometric response. The devices with nonlinear contacts are 1=f noise limited while the devices with linear contacts are Johnson noise limited. The rectification mechanism is 5.3 times faster than the thermal detection. The current–voltage ðI–V Þ characteristic of the devices exhibiting bolometric response is linear, while that of the rectifying devices is cubic. For devices with nonlinear contacts excellent agreement is obtained between the measured detector response and the ratio between the second and the first derivative of the I–V characteristic. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
In vitro germination of nonphotosynthetic, myco-heterotrophic plants stimulated by fungi isolated from the adult plants.

summary Sarcodes sanguinea and Pterospora andromedea (Ericaceae, Monotropoideae) are nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plants. Recent studies have shown that the roots of the adult plants are always associated with closely related but exclusive sets of Rhizopogon species (Basidiomycota, Boletales) from section Amylopogon. We have isolated Rhizopogon species that were associated with the adult plants and used them to germinate seeds under gnotobiotic conditions. All Rhizopogon species isolated from either plant species were capable of stimulating seed germination in both Sarcodes and Pterospora. Under the primary conditions used, germination varied from 9 to 73% in the case of Sarcodes and 0 to 13% in that of Pterospora. The single Rhizopogon strain that failed to elicit germination in Pterospora under these conditions did stimulate germination under slightly dierent conditions. By contrast, seeds failed to germinate on all media which lacked these Rhizopogon species, or in the presence of six other genera of basidiomycetes. Seed germination could be stimulated either through cellophane or at the edge of fungal colonies without direct fungus‐seed contact. These results suggest that a diusible or volatile compound that is unique to Rhizopogon stimulates germination of these plant seeds. Seed lots of Sarcodes from two successive years had similar germination levels. Sarcodes seeds that had overwintered under natural conditions were also stimulated to germinate. These results demonstrate the potential for long-term dormancy. We suggest that a combination of dormancy and the use of specific germination cues might increase the opportunities of these plants for recruitment. In addition, the specific germination response explains at least a part of the specialized associations observed in the adult plants. Nevertheless, the seeds respond to a slightly broader range of Rhizopogon species than has been observed to be associated with the adult plants; thus other factors must also be involved with specificity under natural conditions.
An echocardiographic-confirmed case of atrial myxoma causing cerebral embolic ischemic stroke: a case report

A myxoma is the most common primary tumor of the heart. It has been reported as the source of a cardiogenic embolism. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to detect the myxoma early via echocardiography to prevent complications, such as syncope, sudden death, and cerebral embolic ischemic stroke. This report presents the case of a 54-year-old female whose clinical manifestation of atrial myxoma was an ischemic stroke. Atrial myxoma was later confirmed as the cause of her symptoms via transesophageal echocardiography.
Optimization of Si:H multijunction n-i-p solar cells through the development of deposition phase diagrams

Phase diagrams have been developed to guide very high frequency (vhf) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), amorphous silicon-germanium alloys (a-Si 1-x Ge x :H), and nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) for use as the top, middle, and bottom cell i-layer components, respectively, of triple junction n-i-p solar cells. These phase diagrams have been used in conjunction with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) to identify nucleation and growth behavior in order to gain a better understanding of phase evolution. The substrates for phase diagram development by real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) are crystalline Si wafers that have been over-deposited with either n-type a-Si:H for the top and middle cell amorphous i-layers, or n-type nc-Si:H for the bottom cell nanocrystalline i-layer. Identical n/i cell structures were co-deposited on textured (stainless steel)/Ag/ZnO, which serve as substrate/back-reflectors, in order to relate the RTSE-developed phase diagrams to the performance parameters of single-junction solar cells. This study has reaffirmed that the highest efficiencies for a-Si:H and a-Si 1-x Ge x :H solar cells are obtained when the i-layers are prepared under previously-described maximal H 2 dilution conditions. The phase diagram for the bottom cell using a nc-Si:H n-layer reveals for the first time a bifurcation at a critical R value between mixed-toamorphous phase transitions [(a+nc) → a] at low R and mixed-to-single phase nanocrystalline transitions at high R [(a+nc) → nc]. The highest efficiency single-step nc-Si:H solar cell is obtained at minimal R while remaining on the nanocrystalline side of the identified bifurcation where suitable grain boundary passivation is assured.
When participants do the capturing: the role of media in diary studies

In this paper, we investigate how the choice of media for capture and access affects the diary study method. The diary study is a method of understanding participant behavior and intent in situ that minimizes the effects of observers on participants. We first situate diary studies within a framework of field studies and review related literature. We then report on three diary studies we conducted that involve photographs, audio recordings, location information and tangible artifacts. We then analyze our findings, specifically addressing the following questions: How do context information and episodic memory prompts captured by participants vary with media? In what way do different media "jog" memory? How do different media affect the diary study process? These questions are particularly important for diary studies because they can be especially useful as compared to other methods when a participant intends to do an action but does not or when actions are particularly difficult to sense. We also built and tested a tool based on participant and researcher frustrations with the method. Our contribution includes suggested modifications to traditional diary techniques that enable annotation and review of captured media; a new variation on the diary study appropriate for researchers using digital capture media; and a lightweight tool to support it, motivated by past work and findings from our studies.
Levinas and the Patient as Other: The Ethical Foundation of Medicine

The thesis of this paper is that because the significance of Western medicine lies in its ability to enhance the health of persons within a society, the practice of medicine is foremost an ethic and only thereafter a science. In support of the priority of an ethical perspective in medical practice, the paper explores the socio-cultural nature of knowledge, upon which science itself is constructed. Next, it draws from Levinas' philosophy, which illumines the problem of ontological and epistemological priority. Specifically, it examines Levinas' rendering of the human face and of language, as they found the case for the priority of justice, or ethics. Finally, the paper offers the practice of narrative discourse as one solution that elevates the status of ethics within the institution of medicine and that has the potential to counteract the tendency in medical practice to employ a universalizing methodology based in science's power to control the human Other.
Pharmacological significance of biogenic amines in the lungs: 5-hydroxytryptamine.

Summary 1 . A technique for the spectrofluorometric analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, noradrenaline and dopamine in a single lung sample has been developed. The method is a combination of the extraction procedure of Shore & Olin (1958), plus the modification introduced by Hogans (1967) for the analysis of three of the four amines. The fourth amine, histamine, was analysed by the method of Shore, Burkhalter & Cohn (1959), which was combined with the analysis of the other three amines. The combined procedure consisted principally of disintegrating the lung tissue in butanol and subsequent separation of amines for measurement of fluorescence, either directly, as for 5-hydroxytryptamine, or after formation of fluorophores, as for histamine, noradrenaline and dopamine. It has been possible to analyse all four amines from a sample of the lung in which the bronchopulmonary responses have been investigated. 2 . The concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the lung of seven species ranges from about 0·5 μg/g in the guinea-pig, dog and man to about 7 μg/g in the rabbit. The pulmonary resistance is increased after an injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat and guinea-pig. 3 . The guinea-pig is more sensitive to 5-hydroxytryptamine than the rat. In both animal species, the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the lung is elevated by administration of either 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan. In the rat, the administration of p-chlorophenylalanine reduces the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain but not in the lung. 4 . It is suggested that the 5-hydroxytryptamine contained in the lung tissue is stored mainly in the platelets and in the mast cells.
Two Buddha Relic Traditions

This article surveys some recent work on Buddhist relics, but with a particular focus. Starting with the observation that the distribution of the Buddha's relics in the Mahparinirva sūtra violates the Buddha's own injunction to keep his remains together in a single stūpa, it goes on to examine the fluctuation, in Buddhist legend, between traditions that assert the togetherness of the Buddha's relics and traditions that assert their dispersal. It then relates this polarity to buddhological issues concerning the uniqueness and multiplicity of buddhas and questions about their overlap.
Regulation of Protein Translation

This Teaching Resource provides a summary and slides derived from a lecture on protein translation and is part of the course "Cell Signaling Systems: A Course for Graduate Students." The lecture begins with a discussion of the various components that perform the translation process and then proceeds to describe the initiation, scanning, and ribosomal entry processes. The lecture concludes with the signaling mechanisms underlying translation regulation.
Distinguishing Personal and Social Values

This study establishes an empirical distinction between values applied to one's own behaviors and goals (personal values) and the same values applied to other persons' behaviors and to goals one holds for society (social values). This distinction is demonstrated through the construction of seven pairs of personal and social value scales (the Indiana Value Scales) and an examination of their intercorrelations. These scales, together with the Survey of Personal Values and the Survey of Interpersonal Values by Gordon, and with the Rokeach Value Survey were administered to 100 college students. Correlations of the personal and social scales of the Indiana Value Scales with counterpart scales in the Rokeach and Gordon Inventories are compared to determine the extent to which these popular standardized value inventories are focusing on personal vs social value applications.
Solid acid proton conductors: from laboratory curiosities to fuel cell electrolytes

The compound CsH2PO4 has emerged as a viable electrolyte for intermediate temperature (200–300 °C) fuel cells. In order to settle the question of the high temperature behavior of this material, conductivity measurements were performed by two-point AC impedance spectroscopy under humidified conditions (p[H2O] = 0.4 atm). A transition to a stable, high conductivity phase was observed at 230 °C, with the conductivity rising to a value of 2.2 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 240 °C and the activation energy of proton transport dropping to 0.42 eV. In the absence of active humidification, dehydration of CsH2PO4 does indeed occur, but, in contradiction to some suggestions in the literature, the dehydration process is not responsible for the high conductivity at this temperature. Electrochemical characterization by galvanostatic current interrupt (GCI) methods and three-point AC impedance spectroscopy (under uniform, humidified gases) of CsH2PO4 based fuel cells, in which a composite mixture of the electrolyte, Pt supported on carbon, Pt black and carbon black served as the electrodes, showed that the overpotential for hydrogen electrooxidation was virtually immeasurable. The overpotential for oxygen electroreduction, however, was found to be on the order of 100 mV at 100 mA cm−2. Thus, for fuel cells in which the supported electrolyte membrane was only 25 μm in thickness and in which a peak power density of 415 mW cm−2 was achieved, the majority of the overpotential was found to be due to the slow rate of oxygen electrocatalysis. While the much faster kinetics at the anode over those at the cathode are not surprising, the result indicates that enhancing power output beyond the present levels will require improving cathode properties rather than further lowering the electrolyte thickness. In addition to the characterization of the transport and electrochemical properties of CsH2PO4, a discussion of the entropy of the superprotonic transition and the implications for proton transport is presented.
Carcinoma of the oral tongue: a study of patient selection and treatment results

Retrospective review of 118 primarily treated cancers of the oral tongue was done to study patient selection and to search for improved treatment strategies. Small surface lesions were treated by local excision (LE); most small lesions invading muscle of the tongue without lymph node metastases were treated by radiation alone (RA) while larger lesions and those with palpable nodes were treated by preoperative radiation and surgery (R + S). Ultimate control of the primary tumor and lymph nodes after initial treatment and surgical salvage was high for the lesions by LE (91%), the T1N0 lesions treated by RA (88%) and for the TxN+ lesions treated by R + S (57%). Improved treatment strategies are suggested for T2N0 lesions treated by RA because of poor tumor control (53%) and a high rate of radiation complications (25%), and for T3N0 lesions because so many of these patients died from causes other than cancer within two years. Second primary cancers were most common in those patients with a good prognosis.
Public Transportation Systems: Principles Of System Design, Operations Planning And Real-time Control

Author(s): Daganzo, Carlos F. | Abstract: This document is based on a set of lecture notes prepared in 2007-2010 for a University of California, Berkeley graduate course, Public Transportation Systems, a course targeted to first year graduate students with diverse academic backgrounds. Systems are examined in order of increased complexity so that generic insights evident in simple systems can be put to use as knowledge building blocks for the study of more complex systems. The document is organized in eight modules: five on planning (general, shuttle systems, corridors, two dimensional systems, and unconventional transit); two on management (vehicles and employees); and one on operations (how to stay on schedule).
NFIB v. Sebelius and the Constitutional Debate over Federalism

The litigation that culminated in the Supreme Court’s ruling in NFIB v. Sebelius represented a class between two opposing visions of constitutional federalism: one contending that courts should allow Congress nearly unlimited power over anything that might potentially affect the national economy, and another that advocates strong judicial enforcement of constitutional limits on federal authority. This clash can be traced through all three arguments offered to justify the Affordable Care Act individual health insurance mandate: claims that it was authorized under the Commerce Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Tax Clause. It also lies at the heart of the otherwise distinct debate over the constitutionality of the ACA’s Medicaid expansion. Efforts to justify the mandate or the Medicaid expansion without giving Congress virtually unlimited power fall apart under close inspection. The same is true of Chief Justice John Roberts’ opinion holding that a modified version of the individual mandate is authorized by the Tax Clause, though not by the other two clauses cited by the government.Neither side in the conflict over constitutional federalism won a decisive victory in NFIB. Events since that ruling demonstrate that the debate between them is likely to continue for a long time to come. NFIB is noteworthy for the way it made clear the depths of the division between the two visions of federalism. It may also have been the first major Supreme Court case in which the blogosphere played a major role in developing legal arguments and shaping public debate. Both the conflict over federalism and the role of the blogosphere in shaping legal debate are likely to recur in future cases.
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING INDIA’S NEP 2020 AND UNESCO'S EDUCATIONAL POLICY USING TEXT ANALYTICS

In the coming decade, India’s ambition to become a developed nation will have to be fuelled and facilitated by the policies adopted by the government of India. These will in turn have social and economic impact. The National educational Policy (NEP) 2020is a policy by the government of India which envisions development of inclusive and accessible education to the masses. This also aims to provide lifelong learning opportunities and processes by introducing flexibility into the previously rigid educational system in India. As part of the global educational ecosystem the NEP 2020 policy in India should also be looking at integrating the global educational policy guidelines. Which has changed from “Education for all to enrolment to learning that is inclusive, equitable, effective and relevant,” as stated in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 – Education 2030 Agenda, UNESCO (2017). All the member countries have agreed to integrate lifelong learning into their policies based on their national priorities which will have an impact beyond social and economic development and facilitate sustainable development. In this context this study compares the NEP 2020 policy document to UNESCOs Educational Policy which is an integration of the core concepts and targets of SDG4 using text analytics to identify the trends and to compare the same. The text analytics software used is KNIME which analysed both the documents to give a word cloud for each as well as a count of repetitive occurrence of keywords and collaborative occurrence of certain word sets in each of the documents which helped in the process of grouping and interpretation of the trends. Keywords : NEP 2020, UNESCO, Educational Policy, SDG, Text analytics. JEL : I210, I230, I290
Gemcitabine and radiotherapy: Analysis of safe use

18146 Background: Radiation in combination with chemotherapy offers a significant survival advantage. Preclinical and clinical data indicate that gemcitabine (GEM) is a potent radiosensitizing agen...
A Review of “Believing is Seeing: Observations on the Mysteries of Photography”

Errol Morris is better known for his controversial documentary films than for writing books. But in Believing Is Seeing: Observations on the Mysteries of Photography, he explores, interrogates, and...
A qualitative evaluation of a group phone-based weight loss intervention for rural breast cancer survivors: Themes and mechanisms of success.

Obesity is prevalent in breast cancer survivors and is a significant risk factor for recurrence and mortality. Weight management interventions for survivors have been diverse in design (in-person vs. phone-based, group vs. individual) and yielded varying weight loss results. Given these issues, participants themselves may provide insight into treatment-based factors that contributed to their weight loss outcomes. Here, we report qualitative results from interviews with survivors in a group phone-based weight loss intervention, with the objective of identifying mechanisms that facilitated or hindered adherence and weight loss. We explored interest in paying for continued treatment as an indicator of dissemination potential. Individual interviews were conducted with 186 rural, obese breast cancer survivors upon completion of a 6-month weight loss intervention that produced clinically meaningful weight loss (>5 %) in 91 % of participants. A thematic analysis of the interview data was performed. Five themes were identified as impacting adherence and success: (1) accountability; (2) importance of the group, with varying levels of connectedness; (3) dietary convenience; (4) difficulty maintaining intervention components that required more effort; and (5) importance of internal motivation to attributions of physical activity success or failure. Most were interested in paying to continue the program if it were extended beyond the study. Key intervention components that participants attributed to their success included supportive group processes and convenience. Results highlight the group phone-based approach as a potential venue for disseminating an effective weight loss program for breast cancer survivors. NCT01441011
Dangers of an Urban Crisis within the European Union: Fueling Xenophobia and Undermining Democracy

The global economic and financial crisis of 2007-08 has further intensified a social and urban crisis that undermines democracy and economic institutions internationally. Specifically, the economic crisis and the consequent austerity measures have resulted in greater exploitation in the labor market and job discrimination, in capital flight and undermined political and social institutions that provide for citizens. Xenophobia becomes again a burgeoning problem that is plaguing the European Union ( EU ) and needs to be addressed thoroughly for it can again undermine the democratic tradition of the region. This article concentrates on perspectives on the current migration crisis within the region of the EU that has spurred a spiral of xenophobic tendencies and a neo-liberal nationalist narrative. Particular emphasis is placed in the situations in Greece (the much attested “guinea pig” of the democratic experiment) and Italy.
Suicidal behavior in chronic schizophrenic patients: a follow-up study.

A follow-up study was carried out of suicidal behavior among 127 chronic schizophrenic patients. We were able to obtain follow-up information for 100 of the 127 patients (78.7%). Over the mean follow-up time of 4 1/2 years, 6 of these 100 patients (6%) had committed suicide and 16 other patients (16%) had attempted suicide. Chronic schizophrenic patients who attempted suicide during the follow-up period, compared with those who did not, had had significantly more psychiatric admissions. Using the data obtained at the time of the index admission we were unable to accurately predict the 6 schizophrenic patients who were known to have subsequently committed suicide. Language: en
Infantile intracranial aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery

Intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population are rare. We report a case of a 3-month-old infant who presented with inconsolable crying, vomiting, and sunset eye sign. CT revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage, with CT angiogram revealing a superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. An external ventricular drain was placed for acute management of hydrocephalus, with definitive treatment by endovascular technique with a total of six microcoils to embolize the aneurysm. Serial transcranial Dopplers revealed no subsequent vasospasm. Although aneurysms in the pediatric population are rare, once the diagnosis is established, early treatment results in better outcomes.
Clinical aspects of food allergy

Food allergy affects 2.5% of adults and 6–8% of children, and is a leading cause of life-threatening anaphylactic episodes. Food allergy is defined as an adverse reaction to foods that is mediated immunologically and involves specific IgE or non-IgE mechanisms. In this review only IgE-related food allergy will be considered. Many food allergens are glycoproteins, but they do not share any striking biochemical similarities. The definition of many food proteins at the molecular level has tremendously facilitated our understanding of clinical syndromes and seemingly bizarre observations. Clinical manifestations of food allergy include symptoms of the gastrointestinal, cutaneous and respiratory systems, as well as systemic anaphylaxis. The diagnosis of food allergy involves a stepwise approach, including medical history taking, demonstration of specific IgE and confirmation by oral food challenge. The management of the food-allergic patient at present consists of avoidance of the culprit food and education, while future advances may include specific immunotherapy with modified allergens or DNA vaccination.
Revisiting the Middle Molecule Hypothesis of Uremic Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Beta 2 Microglobulin Population Kinetics and Large Scale Modeling of Hemodialysis Trials In Silico

Background Beta-2 Microglobulin (β2M) is a prototypical “middle molecule” uremic toxin that has been associated with a higher risk of death in hemodialysis patients. A quantitative description of the relative importance of factors determining β2M concentrations among patients with impaired kidney function is currently lacking.
Structure of the Dospert: Is There Evidence for a General Risk Factor?

The Domain-specific Risk-taking scale was designed to assess risk taking in specific domains. This approach is unconventional in personality assessment but reflects conventional wisdom in the decision community that cross-situational consistency in risk taking is more myth than reality. We applied bifactor analysis to a large sample (n = 921) of responses to the Domain-specific Risk Taking. Results showed that, in addition to domain-specific facets, there does appear to be evidence for a general risk-taking disposition. And this general appetite for risk appears to be useful for predicting real-world outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.