cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Once-daily esomeprazole and twice-daily lansoprazole in controlling epigastric pain and acid regurgitation in patients with resistant GERD

Once-daily esomeprazole and twice-daily lansoprazole in controlling epigastric pain and acid regurgitation in patients with resistant GERD
Three-Dimensional Natural Vibration Analysis With Meshfree Solution Structure Method

This paper describes the pioneering application of the meshfree solution structure method (SSM) to computer simulation of natural vibrations of 3D mechanical parts and structures. Using several carefully chosen examples, we investigate the accuracy and convergence of the computed natural frequencies. The salient feature of our approach is exact treatment of the prescribed boundary conditions that are enforced using approximate distance functions that vanish on the boundaries of a geometric model. Ability to use spatial meshes that do not necessarily conform to the shape of the geometric model makes it possible to eliminate or substantially simplify the finite element meshing. This defines unprecedented geometric flexibility of the SSM as well as the complete automation of the solution procedure.
T-cell adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Objectives. To determine the feasibility and toxicity of the adoptive transfer of ex vivo-activated T lymphocytes that have been sensitized to autologous tumor vaccine in vivo. Methods. Twenty patients with extensive metastatic renal cell carcinoma received systemic adoptive immunotherapy with autologous T cells in the absence of conjunctional interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration. Patients were vaccinated intradermally with irradiated autologous tumor cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant to stimulate an immune response. Inguinal lymph nodes draining the vaccine site were surgically removed, and the cells were stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A followed by expansion in 60 IU/mL IL-2, and in some cases additionally stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and IL-2, to obtain a large number of cells. Results. The staphylococcal enterotoxin A/IL-2 activation induced vigorous proliferation of T cells (median expansion 26-fold) that were a mixture of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Activated cells were infused intravenously at doses ranging from 2 × 10 9 to 9.5 × 10 10 . There was minimal toxicity consisting of grade 1 or 2 fever and nausea, and the entire treatment was delivered as outpatient therapy. One patient had a partial response, one had a mixed response, and 8 had stable disease lasting at least 5 months. Conclusions. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo-activated, tumor vaccine-primed lymph node cells is feasible and is associated with minimal toxicity when used alone. These results warrant further study in a Phase II trial.
Apparent double crossing-over in a short genetic interval in Drosophila melanogaster.

IN view of the reported occurrence of double crossing-over within a short genetic interval in Aspergillus 1 and of the purported existence of negative interference in bacteriophage2, it is worth while to record the recovery in Drosophila melanogaster of apparent double cross-over types within a short genetic interval where interference is nominally expected to be complete. These double cross-overs were found incidentally to a study of pseudo-allelism at the white (w) loci3. The relevant genetic interval extends from the X-chromosome loci of yellow body colour (y) to split bristles (spl), mutants of which served as markers for the study of crossing-over between w pseudoalleles. The standard map distance for this interval is commonly given as three units, a value at least twice as great as more recent measurements indicate4. Throughout this study, parental females were always made heterozygous for the autosomal inversions Cy and Ubx 130. These inversions serve to increase crossing-over strikingly in the y-spl interval to values varying from 5 to 11 units5.
A Hybrid Approach for Efficient Modeling of Medium-Frequency Propagation in Coal Mines

An efficient procedure for modeling medium frequency (MF) communications in coal mines is introduced. In particular, a hybrid approach is formulated and demonstrated utilizing ideal transmission line equations to model MF propagation in combination with full-wave sections used for accurate simulation of local antenna-line coupling and other near-field effects. This work confirms that the hybrid method accurately models signal propagation from a source to a load for various system geometries and material compositions, while significantly reducing computation time. With such dramatic improvement to solution times, it becomes feasible to perform large-scale optimizations with the primary motivation of improving communications in coal mines both for daily operations and emergency response. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the hybrid approach is suitable for modeling and optimizing large communication networks in coal mines that may otherwise be intractable to simulate using traditional full-wave techniques such as moment methods or finite-element analysis.
Cross-Talk And Cross-Coupling In Multiplexed Holographic Gratings

The diffraction characteristics of multiplexed holographic gratings are investigated using a rigorous coupled-wave approach. The effect of the angular separation between the multiplexed holograms on the diffraction efficiency, the direct cross-talk, and the indirect cross-coupling between the two holograms is determined. It is shown that the indirect cross-coupling could cause serious limitations on the maximum diffraction efficiency of the multiplexed holograms and on the total number of holograms that can be multiplexed.
The Rate (Time)-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of the PMR-15 Thermoset Polymer at 316°C: Experiments and Modeling

The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at 316°C. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate on tensile loading, unloading, and strain recovery behaviors. In addition, the effect of the prior strain rate on the relaxation response of the material, as well as on the creep behavior following strain-controlled loading were examined. Positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity is observed in monotonic loading. The material exhibits nonlinear, "curved" stress-strain behavior during unloading at all strain rates. The recovery of strain at zero stress is strongly influenced by the prior strain rate. The prior strain rate also has a profound effect on relaxation behavior. Likewise, creep response is significantly influenced by the prior strain rate. The experimental data are modeled with the viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (VBO). The comparison with experimental data demonstrates that the VBO successfully predicts the inelastic deformation behavior of the PMR-15 polymer under various test histories at 316°C.
CARE: Finding Local Linear Correlations in High Dimensional Data

Finding latent patterns in high dimensional data is an important research problem with numerous applications. Existing approaches can be summarized into 3 categories: feature selection, feature transformation (or feature projection) and projected clustering. Being widely used in many applications, these methods aim to capture global patterns and are typically performed in the full feature space. In many emerging biomedical applications, however, scientists are interested in the local latent patterns held by feature subsets, which may be invisible via any global transformation. In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding local linear correlations in high dimensional data. Our goal is to find the latent pattern structures that may exist only in some subspaces. We formalize this problem as finding strongly correlated feature subsets which are supported by a large portion of the data points. Due to the combinatorial nature of the problem and lack of monotonicity of the correlation measurement, it is prohibitively expensive to exhaustively explore the whole search space. In our algorithm, CARE, we utilize spectrum properties and effective heuristic to prune the search space. Extensive experimental results show that our approach is effective in finding local linear correlations that may not be identified by existing methods.
Galecron-14C (N'-(4-Chloro-o-tol yl)-N,N-Dimethylformamidine) Metabolism in the Dog and Goat

When Galecron® was given orally to the dog and goat, it was rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted. In addition to Galecron, N'- -(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N-methylfor, mamidine, N-formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine, 4-chloro-o-toluidime, 5-chloroanthranilic acid, and N-formyl-5-chloroanthranilic acid, along with several unknown metabolites, were detected in the urine from the 2 species both in the “free” and conjugated form. However, dog urine contained a larger number of Galecron metabolites than did goat urine. N -Fonnyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine was the predominant Galecron metabolite in dog bile. Only low levels of Galecron-14C equivalents were present in dog and goat feces. Galecron was not stored in dog tissues or eliminated in goat milk to any appreciable extent.
Current staging of renal cell carcinoma

Most (>80%) cancers involving the kidney are renal cell carcinoma (RCC). One third of patients diagnosed with kidney cancer have evidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and as many as half of patients treated for localized disease eventually relapse. As is true for any other malignancy, one must determine which tumor features, patient factors, and laboratory techniques will provide diagnostic and prognostic information for patients with RCC. This article focuses on the history and rationale of the current staging systems for RCC as well as the potential for improvements by the addition of other clinical, pathologic, and molecular prognostic markers.
Labor’s inequality of bargaining power: Changes over time and implications for public policy

A major justification for enacting the Wagner Act and encouraging collective bargaining was that in the wage-determination process individual workers suffer from an inequality of bargaining power vis-a-vis employers. This critical review of this justification examines the analytical meaning of the concept of an inequality of bargaining power, the factors responsible for this inequality, the change that has taken place in labor’s disadvantage since the 1930s, and the implications for national labor policy. It is concluded that some employers continue to have significant market power over wages but that the extent and degree of labor’s disadvantage in bargaining has diminished substantially since World War II. The implication is that the Wagner Act’s protection of the right to organize remains in the social interest but that the bargaining power of labor unions should be further circumscribed to preserve a balance of power in wage determination.
Use of a flexible logistic function to describe axial growth of plants

A sigmoid curve with three fitting parameters is proposed as a descriptive model for the spatial velocity field in one-dimensional growth of plant organs. Analytic expressions are derived for the relative elemental growth (REG) rate, the position and value of the REG rate maximum, the length of the growth zone, the inverse of the growth trajectory and cell length in the “elongation only” zone. The expressions are fit to published data to characterize the effects of environmental variation on growth of monocotyledonous roots. The simple expressions for growth may prove useful in mechanistic models. The fitted curves summarize more than a decade of observations and thus provide a challenge to theorists.
A Block-Based Robust Dependency Parser for Unrestricted Chinese Text

Although substantial efforts have been made to parse Chinese, very few have been practically used due to incapability of handling unrestricted texts. This paper realizes a practical system for Chinese parsing by using a hybrid model of phrase structure partial parsing and dependency parsing. This system showed good performance and high robustness in parsing unrestricted texts and has been applied in a successful machine translation product.
The shell seekers and working women readers' search for serenity

(1999). The shell seekers and working women readers' search for serenity. Women: A Cultural Review: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 326-340.
Electrodialysis Applications for Pollution Prevention in the Chemical Processing Industry

ABSTRACT This paper reviews recent advances in the application of electrodialysis (ED) to chemical recovery and reuse and chemical separations and reactions for pollution prevention. Numerous green applications have been investigated since the early days of ED, when the dominant applications were for salt production from seawater and potable water production. New applications include inorganic acid, base and salt production, recovery and purification, organic acid production, organic separations from inorganic brine streams, low temperature and pressure organic reactions, and others. Preliminary analysis of the ED system electrical power costs to achieve these applications indicate that some salt recovery, and most organic separation and reaction schemes, may be economically attractive, at least from an energy usage standpoint. The concentration increases and chemical recovery levels are discussed for a number of cases. The separation potential and system stability for nonaqueous applications are also hig...
Invasibility of experimental habitat Islands in a California winter annual grassland

In an experimental test of plant community invasibility, we introduced seeds of a native ruderal, California poppy (Eschscholzia californica). at fixed density into experimental plots in a California winter annual grassland. Each of the 42 plots, which ranged in size from 2 m 2 to 32 m 2 , had been studied for 4 yr previous to the introduction, with the common observation that a subset of plots of each size consistently held more species than others. It was primarily in these more species-rich plots that establishment and reproduction by the experimental invader occurred. Success of the invader per plot, measured as the total number of plants germinating, producing seeds, or perennating, varied with plot size, but the statistical contribution of plot size was secondary to that of local species number. Contributing variables were the extent of small mammal disturbance (positive) and the degree to which a single resident plant species (in particular, Bromus diandrus) dominated a plot (negative). In contrast to theories of competitive exclusion via niche partitioning, species-rich plots were more invasible.
A Global Building Inventory for Earthquake Loss Estimation and Risk Management

Abstract We develop a global database of building inventories using taxonomy of global building types for use in near-real-time post-earthquake loss estimation and pre-earthquake risk analysis, for the U.S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) program. The database is available for public use, subject to peer review, scrutiny, and open enhancement. On a country-by-country level, it contains estimates of the distribution of building types categorized by material, lateral force resisting system, and occupancy type (residential or nonresidential, urban or rural). The database draws on and harmonizes numerous sources: (1) UN statistics, (2) UN Habitat's demographic and health survey (DHS) database, (3) national housing censuses, (4) the World Housing Encyclopedia and (5) other literature.
Obscurin Interacts with a Novel Isoform of Myosin Binding Protein C-Slow to Regulate the Assembly of Thick Filaments

Obscurin is a multidomain protein composed of adhesion and signaling domains that plays key roles in the organization of contractile and membrane structures in striated muscles. We used adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to overexpress its extreme NH2-terminus in developing myofibers, followed by immunofluorescence and ultrastructural methods to study its effects in sarcomerogenesis. We found that overexpression of obscurin's second immunoglobulin domain (Ig2) inhibits the assembly of A- and M-bands, but not Z-disks and I-bands. This effect is mediated by the direct interaction of obscurin's Ig2 with a novel isoform of the thick filament associated protein, Myosin Binding Protein-C Slow (MyBP-C slow), that corresponds to transcript variant-1. Variant-1 contains all the structural motifs known to be present in MyBP-C slow (variant-3), but has a unique COOH-terminus consisting of twenty-six amino acids and a new termination codon. RT-PCR showed that variant-1 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscles during development and at maturity. Quantitative RT-PCR further demonstrated that transcripts containing the novel COOH-terminus are expressed in higher amounts than those lacking it. Three different antibodies to the unique COOH-terminus of variant-1 labeled M-bands and flanking regions in both developing and adult myofibers, suggesting that unlike other forms of MyBP-C that reside in C-zones, variant-1 preferentially concentrates in the middle of the A band. Adenoviral overexpression of obscurin's Ig2 domain and reduction of obscurin via siRNA inhibited the integration of variant 1 of MyBP-C slow into forming M-bands in skeletal myotubes. Collectively, our experiments identify a new ligand of obscurin at the M-band, MyBP-C slow variant-1, and suggest that its interaction with obscurin contributes to the assembly and maintenance of M- and A-bands.
Divergent Metabolic Adaptations to Intestinal Parasitic Nematode Infection in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Obesity

Background & Aims: Diet-induced obesity results from increased ingestion of energy-dense food and sedentary lifestyle in genetically susceptible individuals. An environmental factor that may have shaped our energy homeostasis throughout evolution is parasitic nematode infection. Methods: To test the hypothesis that a metabolically "thrifty phenotype" is advantageous during intestinal nematode infection, we compared the responses to Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection between 2 mouse strains: obesity-prone C57Bl/6J vs obesity-resistant SWR/J. Metabolic phenotyping was performed using indirect calorimetry, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results: Body weight was maintained in both strains during nematode infection via different mechanisms. There was no apparent change in energy expenditure between the strains; however, SWR/J mice exhibited a marked hyperphagia (calorie intake 60% higher than C57Bl/6J) to maintain body weight. The importance of hyperphagia was confirmed by severe weight loss in a group of infected SWR/J mice whose food intake was restricted to that of naive mice. Furthermore, SWR/J mice expelled nematodes more rapidly than C57Bl/6J mice, an effect related to a T helper cell 2 immune response. Conclusions: C57Bl/6J mice are more energy efficient during parasitic nematode infection, which may explain their ability to tolerate the infection. SWR/J mice, on the other hand, require an increase in food intake to maintain energy stores during nematode infection. In addition, a strong T helper cell 2-mediated immune response that facilitates a prompt clearance of nematode infection in SWR/J mice may have evolved to conserve energy in this strain.
Comparison of Pond‐Raised and Wild Red Drum (Sciaenopsocellatus) with Respect to Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Sensory Evaluations

The proximate composition, fatty acid profiles, and the sensory characteristics of pond-raised red drum were compared to wild red drum. The proximate compositions and sensory characteristics were similar for pond-raised and wild red drum. The major difference between samples was in the fatty acid profiles. The pond-raised red drum had higher linoleic acid and lower docosahexaenoic acid concentrations than the wild fish samples. The eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations were similar in both pond-raised and wild red drum.
On the equivalence and containment problems for context-free languages

LetG andG0 be context-free grammars. Necessary and sufficient conditions onG0 are obtained for the decidability ofL(G0)\( \subseteq \)L((G) It is also shown that it is undecidable for whichG0,L(G)\( \subseteq \) is decidable. Furthermore, given thatL(G)\( \subseteq \) is decidable for a fixedG0, there is no effective procedure to determine the algorithm which decidesL(G)\( \subseteq \) IfL(G0) is a regular set,L(G) = L(G0) is decidable if and only ifL(G0) is bounded. However, there exist non-regular, unboundedL(G0) for whichL(G) = L(G0) is decidable.
Hemodynamic Determinants of the Amplitude of the First Heart Sound

The relationships between the amplitude of the first heart sound and various hemodynamic parameters and their analog functions were systematically investigated in 51 dogs under morphine and pentobarbital anesthesia. Simultaneous hemodynamic and phonocardiographic tracings were obtained by cardiac catheterization, high speed recording, and analog computers. Changes in cardiodynamics were induced by: l -epinephrine, levarterenol, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, methoxamine, veratrine, vasopressin, histamine, atropine, saline infusion, mechanical obstruction of the aorta, pulmonary artery, or both venae cavae, embolization of the coronary arteries with plastic microspheres, mechanical rupture of aortic valve leaflets, or hemorrhage. In this way, the relationships were examined over a wide range of pressures, volumes, and cardiodynamics. The results showed that the amplitude of the first sound is not directly related to stroke output, P-R interval, heart rate, end diastolic, or systolic ventricular or aortic pressures. Only the peak rate of rise of left ventricular systolic pressure (first derivative maximum) had a consistent relationship to first sound amplitude. The right ventricle seems to contribute very little to the external first sound. These observations suggest that the amplitude of the first sound is related to left ventricular contractility.
A path-planning algorithm for image-guided neurosurgery

A computer algorithm for determining optimal surgical paths in the brain is presented. The algorithm computes a cost function associated with each point on the outer brain boundary, which is treated as a candidate entry point. The cost function is determined partly based on a segmentation of the patients images into gray and white matter, and partly based on a spatially transformed atlas of the human brain registered to the patient's MR images. The importance of various structures, such as thalamic nuclei, optic nerve and radiations, and individual Brodman's areas, can be defined on the atlas and transferred onto the patient's images through the spatial transformation. The cost of a particular path associated with each critical structure, as well as the total cost of each path are computed and displayed, allowing the surgeon to define a low cost path, to visualize an arbitrary cross-section through the patient's MR images that contains this path, and to examine all the cross-sectional images orthogonal to that path.
Generating High-Resolution Textures for 3D Virtual Environments using View-Independent Texture Mapping

Image based modeling and rendering techniques have become increasingly popular for creating and visualizing 3D models from a set of images. Typically, these techniques depend on view-dependent texture mapping to render the textured 3D models in which the texture of novel views is synthesized at runtime according to different view-points. This is computationally expensive and limits their application in domains where efficient computations are required, such as games and virtual reality. In this paper we present an offline technique for creating view-independent texture atlases for 3D models, given a set of registered images. The best texture map resolution is computed by considering the areas of the projected polygons in the images. Texture maps are generated by a weighted composition of all available image information in the scene.Assuming that all surfaces of the model are exhibiting Lambertian reflectance properties, ray-tracing is then employed, for creating the view-independent texture maps. Finally, all the generated texture maps are packed into texture atlases. The result is a 3D model with an associated view-independent texture atlas which can be used efficiently in any application without any knowledge of camera pose information.
An open source framework for many-objective robust decision making

This study introduces a new open source software framework to support bottom-up environmental systems planning under deep uncertainty with a focus on many-objective robust decision making (MORDM), called OpenMORDM. OpenMORDM contains two complementary components: (1) a software application programming interface (API) for connecting planning models to computational exploration tools for many-objective optimization and sensitivity-based discovery of critical deeply uncertain factors; and (2) a web-based visualization toolkit for exploring high-dimensional datasets to better understand system trade-offs, vulnerabilities, and dependencies. We demonstrate the OpenMORDM framework on a challenging environmental management test case termed the "lake problem". The lake problem has been used extensively in the prior environmental decision science literature and, in this study, captures the challenges posed by conflicting economic and environmental objectives, a water quality "tipping point" beyond which the lake may become irreversibly polluted, and multiple deeply uncertain factors that may undermine the robustness of pollution management policies. The OpenMORDM software framework enables decision makers to identify policy-relevant scenarios, quantify the trade-offs between alternative strategies in different scenarios, flexibly explore alternative definitions of robustness, and identify key system factors that should be monitored as triggers for future actions or additional planning. The web-based OpenMORDM visualization toolkit allows decision makers to easily share and visualize their datasets, with the option for analysts to extend the framework with customized scripts in the R programming language. OpenMORDM provides a platform for constructive decision support, allowing analysts and decision makers to interactively discover promising alternatives and potential vulnerabilities while balancing conflicting objectives. Many-objective robust decision making (MORDM) is an emerging approach for eliciting robust strategies under deep uncertainty.This study provides an open source software implementation of MORDM, called OpenMORDM.OpenMORDM aims to provide accessible visualization and analytic techniques to the environmental modeling community.
An Overview of Formal Verification for the Time-Triggered Architecture

We describe formal verification of some of the key algorithms in the Time-Triggered Architecture (TTA) for real-time safety-critical control applications. Some of these algorithms pose formidable challenges to current techniques and have been formally verified only in simplified form or under restricted fault assumptions. We describe what has been done and what remains to be done and indicate some directions that seem promising for the remaining cases and for increasing the automation that can be applied. We also describe the larger challenges posed by formal verification of the interaction of the constituent algorithms and of their emergent properties.
Multisystem resiliency moderates the major depression-telomere length association: findings from the Heart and Soul Study.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with reduced leukocyte telomere length (LTL). It is not known, however, whether psychosocial and behavioral protective factors moderate this association. In the current study, we examine whether multisystem resiliency – defined by healthy emotion regulation, strong social connections, and health behaviors (sleep and exercise) – predicts LTL and mitigates previously demonstrated associations between depression diagnosis and LTL. LTL was measured, using a quantitative PCR assay, in 954 patients with stable cardiovascular disease in the Heart and Soul Study. In a fully adjusted model, high multisystem resiliency predicted longer LTL (b = 80.00, SE = 27.17, p = .003), whereas each individual factor did not. Multisystem resiliency significantly moderated the MDD-LTL association (p = .02). Specifically, MDD was significantly related to LTL at 1 SD below the mean of multisystem resiliency (b = −142.86, SE = 56.46, p = .01), but not at 1 SD above the mean (b = 49.07, SE = 74.51, p = .51). This study suggests that MDD associations with biological outcomes should be examined within a psychosocial–behavioral context, because this context shapes the nature of the direct relationship. Further research should explore the cognitive, neural, and other physiological pathways through which multisystem resiliency may confer biological benefit.
I am so Happy ’Cause Today I Found My Friend: Friendship and Personality as Predictors of Happiness

Relying on the theoretical model of [Lyubomirsky et al. 2005, Review of General Psychology, 9, pp. 111–131], the present study investigated the relationship between personality, number of friends, best friendship quality and happiness among 423 young adults (n = 300 women). The main interest was to examine whether friendship contributed to happiness while controlling for personality. Friendship variables accounted for 58% of the variance in happiness. Results revealed that friendship quality predicted happiness above and beyond the influence of personality and number of friends, but friendship conflict was not a significant predictor. Additional analyses revealed that the companionship and self-validation features of friendship quality were predictive of happiness while controlling for gender and personality. The findings were discussed in the light of theory and empirical research and suggestions were made for future research.
A learning process of the matching identification problem

Recently, Mehrez and Steinberg (1995) described and studied the matching identification problem (MIP). The MIP is a form of knowledge acquisition problem from the field of artificial intelligence. For instance, an expert system infers knowledge from a set of examples. But how do you most quickly acquire the examples that knowledge is inferred from? The MIP is a special case of this problem. Although an optimal algorithm was not found by Mehrez and Steinberg, they described two general types of heuristics. We describe in this paper an optimal algorithm for the case of K=2, and an improved heuristic for general K, which identifies a chosen subset with 6% fewer inquiries on average when N=15, K=3. The heuristic improves relative to the Type I heuristic as N increases, K held constant. The improved heuristic is concerned with the symbols yet unclassified as being in the chosen subset or not in the chosen subset. By inquiring subsets with all unclassified symbols, we most quickly "span" the set of unclassified numbers. Closed form equations are developed for the expected number of inquiries required and the variance of the number of inquiries required for the optimal algorithm. Computational studies are provided for Mehrez and Steinberg's Type I heuristics, the K=2 optimal algorithm, and the spanning heuristic.
Writing the American Revolution: War Veterans in the Nineteenth-Century Cultural Memory

With how little cooperation of the societies after all is the past remembered – At first history had no muse – but a kind fate watched over her – some garrulous old man with tenacious memory told it to his child. Henry David Thoreau, Journals (1842) In 1823, something of the bittersweet occurred in Cranston, Rhode Island: an aged revolutionary war veteran returned to his hometown after a prolonged exile in England. Hopeful about reuniting with his family and community after an absence of nearly fifty years, the old soldier was surprised and disappointed to learn that his property had been sold, his family had moved west, and few among the remaining villagers even remembered who he was. Such is the story of one Israel Potter. An adventurous fellow, he had fought at the battle near Bunker Hill, had met Benjamin Franklin, and, after being captured by the British, had roamed England after the war, continually poverty-stricken, while searching for a passage back to America. Once returned to Cranston, he applied for a federal pension for his wartime services. In all probability, Potter never received any financial compensation, but he left a narrative of his life, reminding his readers that at one point in the republic's history, he did matter.
Aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery.

Abstract Aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are unusual but anyone who cares for patients with head and facial injuries should be aware of them.
MIMO channel estimation using superimposed training

Channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) time-invariant or slowly time-varying channels is considered using superimposed training. A user-specific periodic (non-random) training sequence is arithmetically added (superimposed) at the low power of each user's information sequence at the transmitter before modulation and transmission. Two versions of a two-step approach are adopted wherein we first estimate the channel using only the first-order statistics of the data. Using the estimated channel from the first step, a linear MMSE equalizer and hard decisions, or a Viterbi detector, are used to estimate the information sequence. In the second step, a deterministic maximum likelihood (DML) approach or an approximation to it, is used to iteratively estimate the MIMO channel and the information sequences sequentially. Illustrative computer simulation examples are presented where we compare the proposed approaches to the conventional (time-multiplexed) training based approach to channel estimation and equalization.
"How we learn may not always be good for us" - Do new electronic teaching approaches always result in better learning outcomes?

“How we learn may not always be good for us” was the response of one of my first year medical students when she heard about the results of a recent educational research study indicating that the vi...
Features of chronic hemodialysis catheters and common complications

Hemodialysis catheters are a considered a necessary evil. They provide an immediate and reliable access for hemodialysis patients, and therefore their use is steadily increasing. This important role of chronic hemodialysis catheters has lead to the development of many generations of dialysis catheters. Some aspects of novel designs have shown potential to reduce complications, while others provide options for physician insertion preference. This paper reviews current hemodialysis catheters and how they attempt to address some of the more common complications associated with hemodialysis catheters.
Nonnegative and Preliminary Test Estimators of Variance Components

Abstract Nonnegative estimators of variance components involving preliminary tests are studied. The restricted maximum likelihood estimator and other truncated estimators may be viewed as preliminary test estimators. A new preliminary test estimator is proposed and studied. Recommendations of the levels of preliminary tests are made.
A Reliability-Based Evaluation of the Effects of Geometry on Levee Underseepage Potential

Levee foundations along meandering rivers are often modeled in seepage analyses with simplified models consisting of two layers having uniform thickness and soil properties. While this may simplify the analysis and allow for use of simplified reliability methods, it is important to realize the limitations of these simplifying assumptions. Due to the complex geomorphic regime that is often encountered in the fluvial environment, levee foundation geometry can range from simple to very complex. Variations in layer thickness and continuity affect the pore pressure and seepage regime and, consequently, affect the potential for internal erosion of the foundation soils. A study has been performed to assess the effects of complex subsurface geometry on the susceptibility of levees to underseepage related internal erosion. Reliability-based internal erosion analyses have been performed on eight hypothetical levee profiles using two analytical methods. The first-order second-moment-blanket theory (FOSM-BT) method applies a simplified reliability assessment technique to the US Army Corps of Engineers “Blanket Theory” equations. This method requires that the analysis profile be simplified to meet the requirements of the equations and places limitations on how the uncertainty of the various input parameters is modeled. The more complex response surface-Monte Carlo simulation method is capable of modeling more complex geometries and multiple failure modes and is flexible in how uncertainty of the various input parameters are modeled. The results of the two methods are compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the FOSM-BT in evaluating internal erosion potential in increasingly complex levee foundation conditions.
Allocating for Acceptable Risk Instead of Expected Value

Allocation of inventory, spares, or redundancy in reliable systems often seeks to maximize expected orders filled or hours until failure assuming known distributions. Often there is no opportunity for an averaging process to permit this expectation to materialize. Each operation of the system may be critical, instead of the average of many, or the first shortage may terminate the whole operation. Predictable adequacy of each operation is attained by considering the full distribution, e.g., of operating hours before failure, instead of just the mean expected value. Distributions with small standard deviations permit more precise prediction of probable time before failure shortage. Plans based on marginal utility concepts tend to avoid the expected-value trap but do not necessarily minimize the appropriate risk of shortage. Operating characteristic curves, like those used in quality control, allow intelligent consideration of the risks involved in choosing among alternate allocation plans. Allocation of a small number of stock items is used to illustrate the criterion.
Management of inflammatory bowel disease: past, present and future.

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic, progressive inflamma tory disorders of the GI tract. The pathogenesis of IBD involves environmental, genetic and immuno logical factors. The past decade has seen a great change in the medical management of IBD, largely owing to the progress in basic research that continues to unravel its pathogenesis. The current review will focus on the milestones in IBD management that have occurred in the past decade (present), in the preceding 30–40 years (past) and the next decade (future). Past Evidence for the pathogenesis of IBD
SELECTING PARAMETERS FOR SHORT-TERM FORECASTING TECHNIQUES

The objective of this paper is to discover which of three forecasting modes used to select parameters for four short-term forecasting techniques minimizes errors. The study also examines whether the amount of historical data used to find parameters contributes to forecasting success. The results show the traditional one-ahead search routine works well in some, but not all, forecasting situations. Also, forecasting errors appear to decline when more historical data are included in the parameter search.
Efficient and flexible simulation of phase locked loops, part II: Post processing and a design example

Although phase-locked loops (PLLs) are arguably the most ubiquitous control loop designed by humans, system theory analysis seems to lag behind the practice of implementation. In particular, full simulation of PLLs is rare. This paper will explain the reasons for this and offer an efficient and flexible simulator for PLLs. Part I of this paper described the simulator design. This part describes the post processing and show some results.
Adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating T cells target somatic cancer mutations in a human papillomavirus+ cancer patient with complete tumor regression

Meeting abstracts Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer, but the immunological landscape of the anti-tumor T cell responses in these patients is not fully understood. Reactivity against the human papillomavirus (HPV)-
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Complications

There is little debate as to the metabolic, health, and economic issues related to morbid obesity. In 2000, it was estimated that 47 million Americans have metabolic syndrome (1). A middle-aged morbidly obese white man faces a 22% reduction in life expectancy compared with a man with a normal body mass index (BMI) (2). Disability and loss of work time contribute to an estimated economic impact of over $100 billion/year (3). Bariatric surgical intervention has been shown to have a positive impact, not only in controlling or eliminating medical comorbid conditions, but also on life expectancy (4).
Ultrafast detonation of hydrazoic acid (HN 3)

The fastest self-sustained chemical reactions in nature occur during detonation of energetic materials where reactions are thought to occur on nanosecond or longer time scales in carbon-containing materials. Here we perform the first atomistic simulation of an azide energetic material, ${\mathrm{HN}}_{3}$, from the beginning to the end of the chemical evolution and find that the time scale for complete decomposition is a mere 10 ps, orders of magnitude shorter than that of secondary explosives and approaching the fundamental limiting time scale for chemistry; i.e., vibrational time scale. We study several consequences of the short time scale including a state of vibrational disequilibrium induced by the fast transformations.
Unresolved Questions in Breast Cancer Therapy

When is radical mastectomy preferable to modified radical mastectomy? Which patients may benefit from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy?
False Consciousness Reconsidered: A Theory of Defective Social Cognition:

This article provides a reconstruction of the concept of false consciousness seen as defective forms of reasoning that derive from particular forms of socialization. In contrast to the traditional ...
Analysis and Aiding the Human Operator in Electronics Assembly

This paper describes the use of the operator function model (OFM) to represent troubleshooting of printed circuit board assemblies. The model is potentially useful for understanding the troubleshooting process and providing the knowledge required by either a computer-based decision support system or an intelligent tutoring system. The model was derived from empirical data based on observations and concurrent protocols of troubleshooters. The ‘raw’ data were converted into cases. Based on analysis of the troubleshooting cases, an operator function model of troubleshooting was proposed. Model validation entailed comparison of model predicted troubleshooting with actual operator troubleshooting.
Determination of Seed Activity of Hybrid Rice by Conductivity Method

Five kinds of hybrid rice seed treated through artificial aging,and then their seed lixivium conductivity with different seed activities and different soak time at(20±1)℃ constant temperature were determined separately.The correlation between conductivity and physical index of seed activity was studied;meanwhile,the seed activity of hybrid rice was determined by conductivity method.The results indicated that the suitable soak time is 24 h;the correlation between conductivity and emerging rate or correlation between conductivity and activity index of each kind of hybrid rice seed within suitable soak time showed significant or extremely significant negative correlation.The conductivity method could be a important index for quick determining seed activity of hybrid rice.
Federal Trade Commission Privacy Law and Policy - Chapter 6 Online Privacy

This is the full text of Chapter 6 (Online Privacy) from Federal Trade Commission Privacy Law and Policy (Cambridge University Press 2016). This chapter introduces the reader to the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) historical and modern approaches to consumer privacy law.This chapter explains basic principles of privacy law, including fair information practices, which form the building blocks of most privacy protections. It describes the cases and the landscape of FTC law on online privacy. Then it shifts to present half a dozen controversies critical to the FTC’s privacy stance: the dominance of rational choice theory approaches and their deficits, the "third party problem" in privacy, self-regulation in consumer protection, default choices, the consumer protection problems implicated by the rise of internet platforms, and finally, privacy by design. Other chapters in the book focus on children's privacy, spam, telemarketing, malware, financial privacy, information security, and international privacy.
Graphene‐Based Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors for Miniaturized Energy Storage Applications

With the development of miniaturized electronic devices, there grows an urgent demand for micropower sources that can be integrated into those systems. The micropower sources should be able to provide high energy density, high power density and long life cycle to power devices such as microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, wireless sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and so on. Among all the candidates, the thin, flexible and durable miniaturized graphene-based supercapacitors exhibit great potentials. In this chapter, the development in graphene-based microsupercapacitors including the history, electrode materials, device configuration, fabrication strategies, and energy storage performance, is reviewed.
Broaching Tool Degradation Characterization Based on Functional Descriptors

With rapid advancements in sensing technologies and computation capabilities, high-resolution machine vision data have become available for various manufacturing processes. For machining, the use of machine vision data has shown great promise in machining tool condition monitoring, a critical factor for final product quality. Extensive research has been performed on wear characterization using intensity-based methods, but limited work has made use of process knowledge for image processing phases. Additionally, previous work focuses on single cutting edge machining tools, but no methods have been proposed for multiple cutting edge machining tools, such as broaches. In this paper, a process knowledge-based image filtering method is proposed to eliminate within-image and between-image noise to obtain effective wear region(s) for each cutting edge on a broach. In addition, these wear regions across multiple cutting edges are jointly described by fitting their relationship with each cutting edge’s respective chip load. Finally, the extracted model parameters are used for unsupervised learning to determine the entire tool’s degradation levels from a training dataset. A case study is introduced to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology using a hexagonal broach.© 2016 ASME