cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of BRAF and NRAS Mutations on Distant Intracranial Recurrence and Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Following Radiosurgery

Purpose/Objective(s): The clinical course of patients with metastatic melanoma with brain metastases can be quite varied. This study aims to compare outcomes based on mutational status of BRAF and NRAS following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Materials/Methods: A prospectively maintained database of patients receiving SRS between November 2002 and December 2012 was queried to determine the rate of new brain metastasis development in patients with metastatic melanoma following SRS. Patients receiving whole brain radiation therapy as first line treatment were excluded. BRAF and NRAS mutational status was determined by Sanger sequencing. The impact of mutation status on risk of distant intracranial recurrence and overall survival (OS) from brain metastasis diagnosis was determined using Poisson regression with robust estimation of errors and Cox proportional hazards analyses, respectively. Other factors including systemic disease control and intracranial disease burden were explored as potential predictors of recurrence and OS in a similar fashion. Results: One hundred eight patients were identified with a mean age of 63 years (range, 24-90 years), of which 68% were male and 94.4% were white. A NRAS mutation was found in 9 patients (8.3%) and BRAF mutation in 24 (22.2%). Median OS from brain metastasis diagnosis was 312 days (range, 228-471 days). A larger number of brain metastases at diagnosis and uncontrolled systemic disease were found to be univariate predictors of worsened OS (HR 1.04, p Z 0.012; HR 2.52, p Z 0.001, resp). Only uncontrolled systemic disease was a significant predictor of OS on multivariate analysis (HR 10.63, pZ 0.022). Mutation status for BRAF and NRAS did not appear to influence survival in our cohort. NRASmutated patients were found to be at significantly higher risk of distant intracranial recurrence as compared to wild type patients (IRR for wild type compared to NRAS-mutated, 0.27, p Z 0.011). No other variables were found to be significant predictors of recurrence. Conclusions: Although metastatic melanoma follows a highly variable clinical course, NRAS mutations appear to influence the number of intracranial recurrences experienced by patients. Other disease factors including systemic disease control and number of brain metastases at diagnosis seem to influence OS. Author Disclosure: C.E. Rutter: None. E. Giesen: None. J.B. Yu: None. R.S. Bindra: None. H.M. Kluger: None. V.L. Chiang: None.
Characterizing and Understanding PDES Behavior on Tilera Architecture

The emergence of many core architectures with shifting balance between computation and communication overhead can have a tremendous impact on performance and scalability of fine-grained parallel applications such as PDES. It may also be necessary to rethink the design philosophy of key PDES subsystems, that were traditionally focussed on hiding long communication delays. In this paper, we perform extensive evaluation of PDES on Tile64Pro - a new 64-core chip from Tilera. For our studies, we use the recently developed multithreaded version of the popular ROSS simulator and show that the performance of this simulator (with many optimizations proposed) scales by a factor of 27X when it is executed on 56 cores of the Tilera chip for Phold benchmark with 20% remote communication. We also evaluate the impact of performance optimizations that we propose on both conservative and optimistic versions of the simulator and also analyze the sensitivity to various simulation parameters. Finally, we explore the issues of object placement and model partitioning on Tilera architecture.
Decreased electrophilicity of chemical carcinogenic only at the maximum tolerated dose

While there was no significant difference between the actual or predicted mutagenicity and clastogenicity of a group of chemicals carcinogenic only at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and a group of chemicals carcinogenic below the MTD, as a group, the chemicals carcinogenic below the MTD exhibited a significantly decreased LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy, indicative of increased electrophilicity (i.e. DNA reactivity). These findings suggest that chemicals carcinogenic only at the MTD either require increased doses of "weak" electrophiles to be carcinogenic or that they may act by a "non-genotoxic" mechanism.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium interactions on valencia orange yields

Abstract In an experiment widely discussed in the literature involving Valencia orange trees, N, P and K fertilizers were applied in factorial combinations. Individual responses were 6, 5 and 23 per cent respectively for the N, P and K. The total response when all three were applied simultaneously was 40 per cent compared with the 37 per cent predicted by sequential additivity or 34 per cent for simple addition. The individual responses for the three when applied together were 8, 7 and 26 respectively for N, P and K. When K and P and also K and N were combined, the interactions were also sequentially additive. The N, P and K in all these treatments were Mitscherlich‐type limiting factors. When N and P were applied together without K, a severe antagonism resulted with large yield decrease. Addition of K to this treatment resulted in a 69 per cent yield increase. Potassium was a Liebig‐type limiting factor only to N and P together, but not to N or P individually. An alternative procedure to DRIS analysis is...
Effect of Su-4885 on steroid 18-hydroxylation in the mouse adrenal in vitro.

The conversion of progesterone-4-14C by quartered mouse adrenal glands to 18-oxygenated steroids was studied in vitro following incubation with the inhibitor, 2- methyl-l,2-bis-(3-pyridyl)-l-propanone (Su- 4885). The conversion of progesterone to aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone was decreased to less than one half of the controls at concentrations of Su-4885 (5 × 10-6M) lower than that required for the equivalent inhibition of corticosterone formation. Aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were identified by the mobilities of the labeled steroids and their derivatives and by the constancy of radioactivity in different chromatographic systems. (Endocrinology 78: 343, 1966)
Population Pluralism and Natural Selection

Abstract I defend a radical interpretation of biological populations—what I call population pluralism—which holds that there are many ways that a particular grouping of individuals can be related s...
On randomizing the sending times in TCP and other window based algorithms

Current implementations of TCP suffer from serious performance problems like unfairness to flows with higher round trip times (RTTs), synchronization of windows and phase effects in flows and correlated losses leading to throughput degradations under a wide range of scenarios. In this paper we show that by randomizing the packet sending times at TCP sources (called Randomized TCP) we can address a majority of these issues. Specifically, we propose to space successive packet transmissions with a time interval Δ = RTT(1 + x)/cwnd, where x is a zero mean random number drawn from an Uniform distribution. We find that an Uniform distribution on U[-1,1] is optimal with respect to metrics like throughput, fairness, timeouts, losses and de-synchronization. We show that the scheme is better than Paced as well as TCP Reno in a large number of scenarios. The proposed scheme is also fair with TCP Reno. We show through simple simulations that Randomized TCP reduces phase effects and synchronization even when multiplexed with TCP Reno. Also, we extend randomization to other window based schemes like the binomial schemes and show that fairness to TCP Reno increases dramatically.
Electro-deposition and characterizations of nickel coatings on the carbon–polythene composite

Nickel coating on the carbon–polythene composite plate was prepared by electrodeposition in a nickel sulfate solution in this work. The morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of the nickel coating were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM), respectively. The influence of bath temperature on the nickel deposition rate was investigated experimentally. The adhesion between the coating and the substrate was evaluated by the pull-off test. The corrosion behavior of the coating in an aqueous solution of NaCl was studied by electrochemical methods. The results showed that the nickel electrodeposition rate could reach up to 0.68 μm min−1 on average under conditions of cathodic current density of 20 mA cm−2 and bath temperature of 60 °C. It was confirmed that increasing the bath temperature up to 50 °C had a positive effect on the nickel deposit rate, while an adverse effect was observed beyond 60 °C. The adhesion strength between the nickel coating and the substrate can be more than 2.3 MPa. The corrosion potential of the bright coating in the NaCl solution was more positive than that of the dull coating, and the anodic dissolution rate of the bright coating was also far lower at the same polarization potential compared with the dull coating.
On librational broadening of vibrational transitions in liquids: a simple model

Abstract Sensitive absorption measurements can expose irregularly shaped vibrational overtone bands from the near-IR well into the visible region for stretching modes involving light atoms—particularly hydrogen. For the fifth overtone transition of the C-H stretching mode of liquid benzene, the asymmetric shape has been modelled as Franck–Condon structure in the separate rolibrational space of the molecule. The two rolibrational potentials, one for the ground state, the other for the fifth overtone state, were approximated as truncated anharmonic wells. In the present work the rolibrational potentials are treated as periodic cosinusoids and the associated Franck–Condon structure is derived in which one can smoothly pass from hindered rotation to free rotation, which is particularly relevant to potential barriers that are on the order of kT or less. Application to benzene provides a fit to the shape of the asymmetric fifth overtone band that is essentially within experimental error. The symbolic capabilities of Mathematica (ver. 3.0) have greatly facilitated the calculations by providing a quasi-analytic approach valid over a large range of parameters.
The Current Status of ARAC and Its Application to the Chernobyl Event

The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) project, developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), provides real-time dose assessments and estimates of the extent of surface contamination that may result from an atmospheric release of radioactivity. It utilizes advanced computer-based data communication and processing systems to acquire the meteorological and source term information needed by the three-dimensional atmospheric dispersion models to derive the consequence assessments. The ARAC responded to the recent Chernobyl reactor accident in the Soviet Union by estimating the source term and the radiation dose distribution due to exposure to the radioactive cloud over Europe and the Northern Hemisphere. This analysis revealed that approximately 50% of the estimated core inventories of 1-131 and Cs-137 were released. The estimated committed effective dose equivalent due to inhalation of radioactivity during cloud passage is of the order of 10 mrem within parts of Scandinavia and eastern Europe, while most of the populations within central Europe were exposed to levels ranging from 1-10 mrem. The amount of Cs-137 released by the Chernobyl accident far exceeds that released by previous reactor accidents, but is only about 6% o of the Cs-137 produced by the atmospheric weapon testing programs.
The Effect of a Normal Shock on the Aeroelastic Stability of a Panel

The effect of a standing shock wave on the static and dynamic aeroelastic stability of a flexible panel is investigated using a linear structural and aerodynamic theoretical model. It is found that the shock is generally stabilizing. The lowest critical dynamic pressures are associated with shock positions downstream from the panel, where the panel is uninfluenced by the shock.
Dora's Program: A Constructively Marginalized Paraeducator and Her Developmental Biliteracy Program

This article discusses findings from a case study of one elementary bilingual paraeducator, highlighting how the recognition of situated cultural capital enabled her to move from traditional to constructive marginality. I argue that her actions, the actions of others, and conditions within the school enabled her to use culturally relevant funds of knowledge in working with language-minority children. I conclude that the resources paraeducators bring can be harnessed when stakeholders are committed to doing so. [paraeducators, cultural capital, constructive marginality, biliteracy, family literacy]
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and HIV mutagenesis

Potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV-1 infection with anti-retroviral drugs consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)and protease inhibitors (PIs) has dramatically reduced the rate ofHIV- and AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. The lack of patientcompliance to drug administration results in suboptimal therapy. Sub-optimal drug therapy can lead to drug resistance, which limits theclinical benefit of drug treatment and can select for new variantviruses with altered virulence and tropism.In this leading article, we discuss literature that shows a correlationbetween the evolution of drug resistance and increased HIV and otherpathogen mutation rates. In the case of HIV, NRTIs and NRTI drugresistance can increase HIV mutation rates, and can act together tofurther increase these rates. These increased mutation rates predictthat drug failure during initial treatment could increase the probabilityof subsequent drug therapy failures due to the selection of mutatorstrains. However, increased mutagenesis of HIV by NRTIs could beviewed as an advantage in therapies directed at extinguishing virusinfectivity by lethal mutagenesis.
HSP90 Protects the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax Oncoprotein from Proteasomal Degradation To Support NF-κB Activation and HTLV-1 Replication

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The HTLV-1 genome encodes the Tax protein that plays essential regulatory roles in HTLV-1 replication and oncogenic transformation of T lymphocytes. Despite intensive study of Tax, how Tax interfaces with host signaling pathways to regulate virus replication and drive T-cell proliferation and immortalization remains poorly understood. To gain new insight into the mechanisms of Tax function and regulation, we used tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify novel cellular Tax-interacting proteins. This screen identified heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a new binding partner of Tax. The interaction between HSP90 and Tax was validated by coimmunoprecipitation assays, and colocalization between the two proteins was observed by confocal microscopy. Treatment of HTLV-1-transformed cells with the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG elicited proteasomal degradation of Tax in the nuclear matrix with concomitant inhibition of NF-κB and HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) activation. Knockdown of HSP90 by lentiviral shRNAs similarly provoked a loss of Tax protein in HTLV-1-transformed cells. Finally, treatment of HTLV-1-transformed cell lines with 17-DMAG suppressed HTLV-1 replication and promoted apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our results reveal that Tax is a novel HSP90 client protein and HSP90 inhibitors may exert therapeutic benefits for ATL and HAM/TSP patients.
In situ Synthesis of DNA Microarray on Functionalized Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Substrate

Thermoplastic materials such as cyclic-olefin copolymers (COC) provide a versatile and cost-effective alternative to the traditional glass or silicon substrate for rapid prototyping and industrial scale fabrication of microdevices. To extend the utility of COC as an effective microarray substrate, we developed a new method that enabled for the first time in situ synthesis of DNA oligonucleotide microarrays on the COC substrate. To achieve high-quality DNA synthesis, a SiO2 thin film array was prepatterned on the inert and hydrophobic COC surface using RF sputtering technique. The subsequent in situ DNA synthesis was confined to the surface of the prepatterned hydrophilic SiO2 thin film features by precision delivery of the phosphoramidite chemistry using an inkjet DNA synthesizer. The in situ SiO2−COC DNA microarray demonstrated superior quality and stability in hybridization assays and thermal cycling reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pools of high-quality mixed-oligos could be cleaved off the ...
Planning, Politics, and Urban Mega-Projects in Developmental Context: Lessons from Mexico City’s Airport Controversy

ABSTRACT:Using a focus on a failed airport project for Mexico City, this article explores the conditions that enable and constrain urban mega-project development in countries facing simultaneous po...
A hierarchical approach to covariance function estimation for time series

The covariance function in time series models is typically modelled via a parametric family. This ensures straightforward best linear prediction while maintaining positive-definiteness of the covariance function. We suggest an alternative approach, which will result in data-determined shrinkage towards this parametric model. Positive-definiteness is maintained by carrying out the shrinkage in the spectral domain. We offer both a fully Bayesian hierarchical approach and an approximate hierarchical approach that will be much simpler computationally. These are implemented on the frequently analysed Canadian lynx data and compared to other models that have been fitted to these data.
Isotope shifts in the arc spectra of dysprosium, erbium, and ytterbium*

Atomic isotope shifts in the spectra of dysprosium, erbium, and ytterbium have been measured using enriched samples and a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Results include new data on 5 lines in Dy i, on 71 lines in Er i, and for 89 lines in Yb i. Correlation of electron configurations indicates that for these elements fn6s7s–fn6s6p transitions show an average isotope shift of +28 mK, fn−15d6s6p–fn−15d6s2 exhibit shifts of −86 mK, fn5d6s–fn−15d6s2 lines have shifts of −105 mK, fn−15d26s–fn6s2 show shifts of −20 mK, while fn6s6d–fn6s6p and fn−16p6s2–fn−15d6s2 transitions exhibit no detectable shifts. Using these isotope shift trends, 17 levels of Yb i have been identified as belonging to 4f13 5d6s6p configurations.
Cross talk between focal adhesion kinase and cadherins: Role in regulating endothelial barrier function

Abstract A layer of endothelial cells attached to their underlying matrices by complex transmembrane structures termed focal adhesion (FA) proteins maintains the barrier property of microvascular endothelium. FAs sense the physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and organize the cytoskeleton accordingly. The close association of adherens junction (AJ) protein, cadherin, with the cytoskeleton is known to be essential in coordinating the appropriate mechanical properties to cell–cell contacts. Recently, it has become clear that a crosstalk exists between focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cadherin that regulates signaling at intercellular endothelial junctions. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the dynamic regulation of the molecular connections between FAK and the cadherin complex and cadherin–catenin–actin interaction-dependent changes as well as the role of small GTPases in endothelial barrier regulation. This review also discusses how a signaling network regulates a range of cellular processes important for barrier function and diseases.
Preference-based mobility model and the case for congestion relief in WLANs using ad hoc networks

We consider the use of campus wireless LANs (WLANs) consisting of access points (AP) with potentially noncontiguous coverage. Through surveys on mobility patterns and wireless network usage on the University of Southern California (USC) campus, we find that mobility and usage patterns exhibit significant differences across various types of locations on campus. Using the collected data, we have built a realistic mobility model, called weighted-way point (WWP), to simulate wireless network user behavior better in a university campus environment. Using WWP, we show that unbalanced wireless network usage and hotspots are likely to occur on campus. We further propose a mechanism to alleviate the local hotspot congestion by using multi-hop ad hoc networks. When a mobile node (MN) determines that the local AP is unable to provide satisfactory bandwidth to an on-going flow, it requests the flow be switched to a neighboring access point (NAP). Our mechanism differs from other schemes by allowing MNs to make the decision of initiating the flow-switching procedure and using bidirectional route discovery from both the switching MN and the NAP to reduce the route discovery delay. We use simulations to show that, with this flow-switching mechanism, flows are more evenly distributed across APs. We also show that our mechanism reduces congestion time for popular APs and improves the user-perceived quality.
Immigrant farmer programs and social capital: evaluating community and economic outcomes through social capital theory

African immigrants in the USA experience high levels of poverty and underemployment. Many African immigrants are turning to farming to supplement their income and increase their access to healthy, ...
Adaptive rate coding for image data transmission

Punctured convolutional codes (PCCs) are necessary for applications requiring high data transmission rate. For efficient high rate codes, PCCs have been widely used to reduce the implementation complexity of the Viterbi decoder. The codes provide good bit-error-rate (BER) performance. A slowly time-varying frequency non-selective Rician fading channel is assumed. A finite-state Markov chain is used to model the time-varying channel. The error control system uses channel-state information to decode, which of the various codes should be used at any given moment. The paper provides a comparison of lower and higher rate codes in terms of coding gain and providing sufficient error control.
An Ambivalent Legacy: Cardoso and Land Reform:

Few policies implemented during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso in Brazil provoked as much disagreement as land reform. While officials claimed to be undertaking a virtual revolution in the countryside, activists derided the program as little more than a palliative. Assessment of its extent and character drawing on a variety of sources indicates that many of the criticisms are on the mark. Only a small percentage of the landless population benefited, and those who did often lacked even minimal infrastructure or support services. At the same time, Cardoso settled more landless than all of his predecessors combined. His reform pales next to the major reforms in Latin American history, but it was one of the most ambitious programs carried out under democratic conditions that was not later reversed by a coup d'etat. Cardoso's progress in this area was partly a result of two aspects of the political context at the start of his government: his own personal image as a progressive reformer and the gro...
The Power of Orthogonal Duals (Invited Talk)

Triangle meshes have found widespread acceptance in computer graphics as a simple, convenient, and versatile representation of surfaces. In particular, computing on such simplicial meshes is a workhorse in a variety of graphics applications. In this context, mesh duals (tied to Poincare duality and extending the well known relationship between Delaunay triangulations and Voronoi diagrams) are often useful, be it for physical simulation of fluids or parameterization. However, the precise embedding of a dual diagram with respect to its triangulation (i.e., the placement of dual vertices) has mostly remained a matter of taste or a numerical after-thought, and barycentric versus circumcentric duals are often the only options chosen in practice. In this chapter we discuss the notion of orthogonal dual diagrams, and show through a series of recent works that exploring the full space of orthogonal dual diagrams to a given simplicial complex is not only powerful and numerically beneficial, but it also reveals (using tools from algebraic topology and computational geometry) discrete analogs to continuous properties.
A Comparison Of Perceptions: Students And Bankruptcy Filers On Causes Of Financial Distress

This study compares opinions about the causes of bankruptcy held by students at Texas A&M University –Corpus Christi with those of individuals who have filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Personal bankruptcy affects many Americans and is the source of much controversy. This study should be helpful to creditors, who need to avoid losses from unpaid debts, educators who must be aware of students’ perceptions and misperceptions to effectively teach financial management, and legislators who pass laws on bankruptcy and related topics. Attorneys, accountants, and other financial advisors also need to be aware of signals of financial trouble in their clients.
Problematizing Identity: Everyday struggles in language, culture, and education, by Lin, A. M. Y.

Do we have to problematize our identity? In recent years, identity has gained its privilege in many fields including Teaching of English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) (Block, 2006; Kra...
Black-box performance control for high-volume non-interactive systems

This paper studies performance control for high-volume non-interactive systems, and uses IBM Tivoli Netcool/Impact--a software product in the IT monitoring and management domain--as a concrete example. High-volume non-interactive systems include a large class of applications where requests or processing tasks are generated automatically in high volume by software tools rather than by interactive users, e.g., data stream processing and search engine index update. These systems are becoming increasingly popular and their performance characteristics are radically different from those of typical online Web applications. Most notably, Web applications are response time sensitive, whereas these systems are throughput centric. This paper presents a performance controller, TCC, for throughput-centric systems. It takes a black-box approach to probe the achievable maximum throughput that does not saturate any bottleneck resource in a distributed system. Experiments show that TCC performs robustly under different system topologies, handles different types of bottleneck resources (e.g., CPU, memory, disk, and network), and is reactive to resource contentions caused by an uncontrolled external program.
Inscribing the Miraculous Place: Writing and Ritual Communication in the Chapel of a Guatemalan Popular Saint

The analysis of ritual in linguistic anthropology has witnessed significant advances in recent years, particularly those approaches which theorize ritual as fundamentally semiotic and ritual actions being composed of different kinds of sign relations across multiple modalities. Building on Silverstein's (2009) analysis of the interdiscursive chains of signification linking private and public rituals, this article examines how writing in the form of votive text-artifacts is used by Guatemalan devotees to a popular saint as a public metasemiotic index substantiating the successful performance of their private ritual encounters, contributing to our broader understanding of writing's semiotic potential in ritual communication.
Fertilization and early embryology: Cryopreservation: the problem of evaluation

A simple evaluatory formula for reporting pregnancy rates involving cryopreserved material has so far remained elusive. It is highly desirable to have a method which would allow not only an evaluation of cryotechnology per se, but also an evaluation of the role of cryotechnology in enhancing the total reproductive potential of a single cycle. In this paper, nine separate formulae are described which can be used for the evaluation of cryopreservation. It is concluded that none of the existing formulae used alone expresses the total potential of cryopreservation, and that while each formula provides information regarding some aspect of the role of cryopreservation, the most comprehensive evaluation requires the answer to five different equations. The other four formulae, while often used, are regarded as providing information which is unsubstantiated or does not allow complete evaluation.
VIEWS OF DEVIANTS BY COLLEGE STUDENTS

This study is based on a hypothesis developed by Simmons (1969) that people tend to view those who differ from themselves as deviants, resulting in discrimination. T o test this hypothesis a modified version of Simmons' questionnaire was given in 1973 (Joesting, Ogus, & Joesdng). The purpose of this present study was to gather information concerning views of deviant groups by college students attending a college on Maryland's Eastern Shore. The questionnaire was given anonymously to 100 male and 100 female college students, ranging in age from 17 to 47 yr. and attending undergraduate classes. The questionnaire was altered to make it more relevanc to the sample. Groups added were Rednecks, American Indians, Members of the National Organization for Women, Ex-mental Patients, and Uneducated; those deleted were Germans and Hippies. Marijuana Smokers was changed to Drug Users. The questionnaire as used by Simmons ( 1969) and Joesting, Ogus, and Joesting (1973) measured the degree of social distance or tolerance between respondents and the various groups (see Table 1 ) . It also measured a minimal range of difference between male and female responses (see Table 2 ) . Students who took the questionnaire were asked ro respond to each group with one of the following statements: (1) might marry or accept as a close relative; ( 2 ) might have as a close friend; ( 3 ) would accept as a next door neighbor; ( 4 ) would accept in my church or school; ( 5 ) would accept in my community but would have no contact; ( 6 ) would accept as a resident of my country but not my community; ( 7 ) would nor accept at all, even as a resident of my country. Means were obtained by assigning 1 through 7 as an answer to the seven categories. Tables 1 and 2' show the means and standard deviations of the views of deviant groups by white college students. By both males and females, intellectuals were the most favored group followed by Jews, American Indians, Mexicans, Chinese, Puerto Ricans, etc. Slight differences were found between males and females. Women's Liberation members, Chinese, and Ex-conviccs were rated lower by females than by the males. Males rated lower Blacks and National Organization for Women. The data3 suggest that, although there were slight differences in responses, neither males nor females were significantly more liberal in their views of deviants. It is interesting to note that males rated Homosexuals as the lowest group, while females rated Lesbians as the lowest group. This suggests that males and females discriminate more against the sexually deviant group of their same sex. This study was done on a state college campus on the Eastern Shore of Maryland where there is very little exposure to Mexicans, Chinese, American Indians, and Puerto Ricans. The over-all data suggest rhat college students tend to view all deviants similarly.
A complete key recovery timing attack on a GPU

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become mainstream parallel computing devices. They are deployed on diverse platforms, and an increasing number of applications have been moved to GPUs to exploit their massive parallel computational resources. GPUs are starting to be used for security services, where high-volume data is encrypted to ensure integrity and confidentiality. However, the security of GPUs has only begun to receive attention. Issues such as side-channel vulnerability have not been addressed. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the side-channel security of GPUs and demonstrate a complete AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) key recovery using known ciphertext through a timing channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that clearly demonstrates the vulnerability of a commercial GPU architecture to side-channel timing attacks. Specifically, for AES-128, we have been able to recover all key bytes utilizing a timing side channel in under 30 minutes.
Influenza A H1N1 Vaccination Coverage and Influencing Factors among Focus groups in Baoan District of Shenxhen City

[Objective] To understand the influenza A H1N1 vaccination coverage and influencing factors among 2 focus groups of medical workers and primary and secondary school students in Baoan District of Shenzhen City. [Methods]A total of 1 549 students and 770 medical workers were randomly selected for anonymous questionnaire survey in Baoan District.Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis of factors affecting the vaccination coverage. [Results]The coverage rate of influenza A H1N1 vaccination was 30.39% in primary and secondary school students and 55.03% in medical workers of Baoan District.The main reason for unvaccinated was fear of vaccination adverse reactions which in the above 2 groups occupied 36.81%and 39.10%.The vaccination coverage was significantly different between students with different age,different guardian occupation,whether knowing inoculating date of H1N1 vaccine or not,considering whether the vaccine against H1N1 or not,and having been vaccinated seasonal influenza vaccine in recent 3 years(P0.05).And the vaccination coverage was significantly different between medical workers with different educational background,different positions,different service length,whether knowing inoculating date of H1N1 vaccine or not,and having been vaccinated seasonal influenza vaccine in recent 3 years(P0.05). [Conclusion]The propaganda of influenza A H1N1 vaccine effectiveness,safety and vaccination should be strengthened among medical workers and primary and secondary school students.The medical institutions should convey accurate information to the public via various channels.
Analysis of Current Situation and Effective Factors About Smoking Adolescent in Shihezi City

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors about the smoking adolescent in Shihezi City,and to provide the evidence for behavioral intervention in young smokers.Methods With the CDC-designed questionnaires,100 elementary school students,100 middle school students,and 100 college students were randomly selected to conduct investigation.Results The smoking rate of the adolescent was 29.67%,and the smoking boys were more than the smoking girls.The smoking rate of the college students was the highest.The smoking rate of the students' parents was up to 63.33%.The affirmative answer rates of carrying out tobacco control activities were 97.0% in primary schools,25.0% in middle schools,and 15.0% in colleges.Conclusion We must prevent adolescent smoking from calling on schools,families,and society to work at it,purifying surroundings,and changing their behaviors.
Major ion geochemistry of groundwaters from southern Nevada and eastern California, USA

The dissolved ionic constituents of groundwaters are, in part, a record of the minerals and rocks in aquifers through which the water has flowed. The chemical composition and association of these major ions in groundwaters have been used to trace groundwater flow paths and sources. In general, the chemical composition of water in carbonate-rock aquifers is dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, whereas sodium, chloride, and sulfate can be dominant ions in the water that comes from volcanic aquifers or clay minerals. Since the 1990’s, we have dealt with the geochemistry of groundwaters from more than 100 springs and wells in southern Nevada and eastern California, USA for major solutes and trace elements. This paper compiles the hydrochemical data of major ions of these groundwaters. Based on major ion geochemistry, groundwaters from southern Nevada and eastern California can be classified as carbonate aquifer water, volcanic aquifer water, and mixing water (either mixing of carbonate and volcanic aquifer waters or mixing with local recharges). Piper and Stiff diagrams of major ions have graphically shown the general chemical characteristics, classifications, and mixing relationships of groundwaters from southern Nevada and eastern California.
Recent progress on high-brightness kW-class direct diode lasers

TeraDiode is manufacturing multi-kW-class ultra-high brightness fiber-coupled direct diode lasers for industrial applications. Our TeraBlade industrial platform achieves world-record brightness levels for direct diode lasers. The laser output has a Beam Parameter Product (BPP) of 4 mm-mrad. This 4-kW fiber-coupled direct diode laser has a comparable BPP to industrial fiber and solid state lasers used for cutting and welding processes.
Is Firearm Threat in Intimate Relationships Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Women

In the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), firearms may be used to threaten, coerce, and intimidate. Yet, what little research exists on firearms among IPV victims has focused almost exclusively on homicide or near homicide. Thus, the deleterious health consequences of firearms more broadly remain unknown. The goals of the current study were (1) to document the prevalence of firearm threat in a community sample of female IPV victims, and (2) to identify the extent to which threat with a firearm, independent of other forms of IPV, is related to women's posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Participants were 298 women who had been a victim in a criminal domestic violence case with a male intimate partner (Mage = 36.39 years; 50.0% African American; 51.3% unemployed). Retrospective data on firearm threat, fear of firearm violence, other IPV victimization (i.e., physical, psychological, and sexual), and PTSD symptoms were collected during in-person individual interviews. Approximately one-quarter of the sample (24.2%) experienced threat with a firearm during the course of their relationship, and 12.5% were afraid that their partners would use a firearm against them in the 30 days prior to the study interview. Firearm threat and fear of firearm violence emerged as significant and unique predictors of PTSD symptom severity, controlling for age and physical, psychological, and sexual IPV victimization severity. The findings underscore firearm threat as a key factor for identifying and intervening with criminal justice involved women who experience IPV.
Rapid liquefaction of blood clots using histotripsy in an in vivo porcine intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model

Histotripsy is a noninvasive ultrasound therapy that fractionates target tissues via cavitation. Our group has previously demonstrated that histotripsy can be delivered transcranially through excised human skulls to rapidly liquefy large volume clots for catheter aspiration using electronic focal steering (up to 40mL in 20 min) in an ex vivo ICH model. Transcranial MRgFUS has been investigated for ICH treatment, but is much slower (40mL in 3 hours), and limited to deep targets due to prefocal skull heating. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using histotripsy to liquefy clots for catheter aspiration in an in vivo porcine ICH model.
Solid state crack repair by friction stir processing in 304L stainless steel

Abstract Friction stir processing (FSP) was investigated as a method of repairing cracks in 12 mm thick 304L stainless steel plate. Healing feasibility was demonstrated by processing a tapered crack using a PCBN/W-Re tool with a 25 mm diameter shoulder and a pin length of 6.4 mm. The experiment showed that it was possible to heal a crack that begins narrow and then progressively grows up to a width of 2 mm. Bead on plate experiments were used to find the best parameters for creating a consolidated stir zone with the least amount of hardness difference compared to the base metal. Grain refinement in some specimens resulted in much higher stir zone hardness, compared to base metal. A plot of grain size versus microhardness showed a very strong inverse correlation between grain size and hardness, as expected from the Hall-Petch relationship. Corrosion testing was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of FSP on potential sensitization of the stir zone. After 1000 h of intermittent immersion in 3.5% saline solution at room temperature it was found that no corrosion products formed on the base material controls or on any of the friction stir processed specimens.
The Task of the Adaptation Critic

This essay argues that the adaptation critic must challenge vestigial Romanticism’s critical/cultural notions of “originality.” It is our job to use the cultural product of adaptation to systematically grapple with, develop, and flesh out what Tom Leitch refers to as “the thorny questions of just what constitutes originality.” That grappling begins with a systematic engagement with intertextuality. The essay inspects specific points of the intertextual cycle inaugurated by Theodore Dreiser’s novel An American Tragedy (1925), including the novel, Sergei Eisenstein’s 1930 screenplay (endorsed by Dreiser and rejected by Paramount), the 1931 Paramount adaptation (over which Dreiser sued Paramount), George Stevens’s A Place in the Sun (1951), and Steve Erickson’s 2007 novel Zeroville, which uses Stevens’s movie as an organizing principle. That exploration fleshes out the ways intertexts weave and dovetail into one another and the cultures that produce and consume them, effectively reflecting post-modern concepts of originality.
Gender and Academic Abilities and Preferences

Questions of gender differences in intellectual abilities and academic preferences have fascinated researchers for more than a century. Notably, many early studies on this topic examined samples that were not representative of the population, often chosen because they were convenient or highly selective. Furthermore, the existence of markedly different opportunities for education and careers among women and men further obscured gender similarities and differences in academic preferences. Given these methodological shortcomings and cultural factors, it has been difficult to make adequate assessments of gender similarities and differences in academic abilities and preferences. Although gender stereotypes concerning academic ability and appropriate academic and occupational choices still abound, growing equality in these domains and methodological advances allow us to address these compelling questions better.
Significance of covariation between arterial blood pressure and total hemoglobin concentration in Coherent Hemodynamics Spectroscopy

We have performed a detailed study of the significance of covariation between arterial blood pressure and cerebral concentration of total hemoglobin measured with NIRS during a cyclic thigh cuff occlusion and release maneuver.
A 1.2 V–20 V Closed-Loop Charge Pump for High Dynamic Range Photodetector Array Biasing

Ultra-high dynamic range optical sensing is achieved by operating a CMOS photodiode or imager alternately in linear and single-photon avalanche modes, which requires reverse bias from low voltage to above junction breakdown voltage for the process. To address this need, this brief presents a reconfigurable, closed-loop charge pump generating regulated output voltage from 1.2 to 20 V fabricated in a standard 0.18- ${\mu }\text{m}$ CMOS process. The dual-mode dc–dc converter architecture demonstrates maximum efficiency of 34% in high-voltage mode (>10 V) and 56% in low-voltage mode (<5 V) to provide efficient detector bias for both linear and single-photon operation. The charge pump demonstrates 960 ns recovery of 60 mV voltage droop at 11.9 V when biasing a CMOS-integrated single-photon avalanche diode device with an emulated array capacitance equivalent of 68 pF.
Ceramic Bone Composite Graft for Reconstruction of the Bony Defects of the Maxilla

We were able to close maxillary defects by corrective surgery utilizing bony grafts on 58 consecutive patients. The patients had bone defects in the alveolar bone of the maxilla, bone deficiency in the paranasal region, and in the floor of the nose. All of our patients were born with complete cleft lips and palates, and had their soft-tissue defects corrected in early childhood. The composite ceramic bone graft used is a mixture of a slurry of autogenous corticocancellous cranial bone, pulverized porous non-absorbable hydroxyapatite (HA), thrombin, temporalis fascia slivers, and bacitracin (R) powder. The paste-like composite when packed in the defect, corrects the deformity, augments the deficiency in bone, and cements the space between the cortical bone chips used in conjunction with the paste to accomplish the last stages of this corrective surgery.
Life cycle efficiency of beef production: I. Cow efficiency ratios for progeny weaned.

Summary Weights and individual feed consumption collected on 160 beef, dairy and beef x dairy dams and their progeny were used to estimate several measures of lifetime cow efficiency. Dams were fed either ~2 high or a low energy diet. Efficiency was expressed as the ratio of outputs to inputs. Outputs included progeny weaning weights plus cow salvage weight, and inputs were progeny creep feed consumption plus the dam's'lifetime feed consumption. In the first approach, life cycle cow efficiency was estimated by expressing weight output as a ratio to feed inputs when weights and feed consumptions were weighted by their probabilities; probabilities were a function of age distribution and percentage calf crop in a theoretical herd consisting of 100 cows and 20 yearling replacement heifers. In the second approach, actual lifetime cow efficiency was estimated by expressing weight outputs as a ratio to feed inputs when all components were weighted equally. Both approaches included efficiency estimates calculated with and without cow salvage value. Dams receiving low energy diets generally had lifetime efficiencies equal or superior to those fed high energy diets in spite of older ages at calving. Dams on the high energy diet had greater salvage value, but did not wean calves of sufficient additional size to offset their own increased metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Dam breeds and breed crosses of smaller size tended to be more efficient than those of large size, demonstrating the effectiveness of mating small dams to large sire breeds for improving cow efficiency. Breeds calving at later ages were less efficient. Efficiency ratios improved as number of progeny weaned increased.
Critiques of Democracy

This paper addresses some of the historical and contemporary critiques of democratic governance. While much of the literature focuses on policy decisions and the policy formulation process within modern democracies, I argue that populism is at the heart of the problem in modern democratic regimes. I find that Richard Posner's notion of the ignorant public has some merit when democracies are examined through the lens of mass media and critical theory. Further, I contend that public opinion is manufactured by the media apparatus and therefore produces populist ideology, based in manufactured consent, not reasoned and well-informed public opinion.
Single Parents and Their Adopted Children: A Psychosocial Analysis:

The functioning of single- and two-parent adoptive families is described and compared by means of psychosocial analysis. Data were collected via a survey mailed to families who had finalized their ...
Characterization of complete responders to combination nivolumab (nivo) and ipilimumab (ipi) in patients (pts) with advanced, unresectable melanoma.

9552Background: Among pts who discontinue treatment with nivo + ipi due to toxicity with a partial response or complete response (CR), ~30% ultimately progress. Less is known about whether pts who ...