cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic properties of fluid sodium from molecular dynamics

The high-temperature thermodynamic properties of metallic fluid sodium were calculated from melting to a temperature $T=2200$ K. A pseudopotential model was used that consisted of a large volume-dependent potential plus a small effective two-body potential. Using molecular-dynamics calculations for the ionic motions and including electronic excitation contributions, we have determined the zero-pressure volume versus temperature curve, the adiabatic bulk modulus, the heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, and the thermodynamic Gr\"uneisen parameter. We find our theory to be in excellent agreement with experiment up to $T=1200$ K, but note a significant deviation at higher temperatures.
The SOD mimetic tempol restores vasodilation in afferent arterioles of experimental diabetes.

The SOD mimetic tempol restores vasodilation in afferent arterioles of experimental diabetes. Background Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in large conduit vessels in diabetes mellitus. Oxygen radicals contribute to the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. We tested the hypothesis that stimulated endothelium-dependent vasodilation is reduced in renal afferent arterioles in diabetes and is caused by an increase in vascular superoxide (O 2 - ). Methods Renal afferent arterioles from normal and insulin-treated alloxan-diabetic rabbits were microdissected and microperfused in vitro for the study of luminal diameter responses to acetylcholine (Ach; 10 -11 to 10 -6 mol/L). The blood glucose concentration of insulin-treated alloxan-diabetic rabbits was elevated fourfold compared with normal rabbits (319 ± 23 vs. 79 ± 6 mg/dL, P Results In norepinephrine (NE)-preconstricted afferent arterioles of normal rabbits, Ach significantly ( P ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 -4 mol/L) blocked this Ach-induced vasodilation. In marked contrast, in NE-preconstricted arterioles of diabetic rabbits, Ach significantly ( P -3 mol/L) restored a vasodilator response to Ach. In NE-preconstricted diabetic afferent arterioles treated with tempol, Ach significantly ( P Conclusions Ach-induced afferent arteriolar vasodilation is dependent on nitric oxide and is impaired in diabetes. O 2 - contributes to the impaired Ach-induced vasodilation in renal afferent arterioles in diabetes.
Incorporation of glycine-2-14C into the free protoporphyrin of duck erythrocytes in vivo

Abstract The specific activities of free protoporphyrin, heme, and globin in erythrocytes were measured following intravenous injection of glycine-2- 14 C in the Pekin duck. The time-course of the heme and globin activities indicated an average erythrocyte lifetime of about 6 weeks. The porphyrin specific activity decreased notably during a week and a half after administration the glycine, relatively little during a further 4 weeks, and again notably during the remainder of the roughly 8-week test period. The latter decrease coincided with decreases in heme and globin specific activities. Several hours after the amino acid was given, the porphyrin specific activity was higher for a particulate than for a soluble fraction of erythrocytes; later, the porphyrin activities for the fractions were about equal. The findings are consistent with hypothesis as follows: Porphyrin is bound to a particulate component of the erythrocyte at synthesis and later appears in the soluble phase of the cell. Porphyrin turnover decreases to a negligible level during the first week and a half of the 6-week erythrocyte lifetime. Porphyrin present at the end of turnover is retained by the cell during the remainder of its lifetime.
New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

CD4+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immune modulators and serve an important function in human immune homeostasis. Depletion of Tregs has led to measurable increases in antigen-specific T cell responses in vaccine settings for cancer and infectious pathogens. However, their role in HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis remains controversial, as they could either serve to suppress deleterious HIV-1-associated immune activation and thus slow HIV-1 disease progression or alternatively suppress HIV-1-specific immunity and thereby promote virus spread. Understanding and modulating Treg function in the context of HIV-1 could lead to potential new strategies for immunotherapy or HIV vaccines. However, important open questions remain on their role in the context of HIV-1 infection, which needs to be carefully studied. Representing roughly 5% of human CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood, studying the Treg population has proven to be difficult, especially in HIV-1 infected individuals where HIV-1-associated CD4 T cell and with that Treg depletion occurs. The characterization of regulatory T cells in individuals with advanced HIV-1 disease or tissue samples, for which only very small biological samples can be obtained, is therefore extremely challenging. We propose a technical solution to overcome these limitations using isolation and expansion of Tregs from HIV-1-positive individuals. Here we describe an easy and robust method to successfully expand Tregs isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals in vitro. Flow-sorted CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated beads and cultured in the presence of IL-2. The expanded Tregs expressed high levels of FOXP3, CTLA4 and HELIOS compared to conventional T cells and were shown to be highly suppressive. Easier access to large numbers of Tregs will allow researchers to address important questions concerning their role in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis. We believe answering these questions may provide useful insight for the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
On stabilization and the existence of coprime factorizations

Let K be an integral domain and F its quotient field. We show there are plants over F which have no stable coprime factorizations, but can be stabilized in a stable closed loop. This answers a question posed by Vidyasagar, Schneider, and Francis.
Late-Glacial Vegetation and Climate Change in Western Oregon☆

Abstract Pollen records from two sites in western Oregon provide information on late-glacial variations in vegetation and climate and on the extent and character of Younger Dryas cooling in the Pacific Northwest. A subalpine forest was present at Little Lake, central Coast Range, between 15,700 and 14,850 cal yr B.P. A warm period between 14,850 and 14,500 cal yr B.P. is suggested by an increase inPseudotsugapollen and charcoal. The recurrence of subalpine forest at 14,500 cal yr B.P. implies a return to cool conditions. Another warming trend is evidenced by the reestablishment ofPseudotsugaforest at 14,250 cal yr B.P. Increased haploxylonPinuspollen between 12,400 and 11,000 cal yr B.P. indicates cooler winters than before. After 11,000 cal yr B.P. warm dry conditions are implied by the expansion ofPseudotsuga.A subalpine parkland occupied Gordon Lake, western Cascade Range, until 14,500 cal yr B.P., when it was replaced during a warming trend by a montane forest. A rise inPinuspollen from 12,800 to 11,000 cal yr B.P. suggests increased summer aridity.Pseudotsugadominated the vegetation after 11,000 cal yr B.P. Other records from the Pacific Northwest show an expansion ofPinusfrom ca. 13,000 to 11,000 cal yr B.P. This expansion may be a response either to submillennial climate changes of Younger Dryas age or to millennial-scale climatic variations.
Differential impact of sickle cell trait on symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria

Individuals who carry the sickle cell trait ($S$-gene) have a greatly reduced risk of experiencing symptomatic malaria infections. However, previous studies suggest that the sickle cell trait does not protect against acquiring asymptomatic malaria infections, although the proportion of symptomatic infections is up to $50\%$ in areas where malaria is endemic. To examine the differential impact of the sickle cell trait on symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria, we developed a mathematical model of malaria transmission that incorporates the evolutionary dynamics of $S$-gene frequency. Our model indicates that the fitness of sickle cell trait is likely to increase with the proportion of symptomatic malaria infections. Our model also shows that control efforts aimed at diminishing the burden of symptomatic malaria are not likely to eradicate malaria in endemic areas, due to the increase in the relative prevalence of asymptomatic infection, the reservoir of malaria. Furthermore, when the prevalence of symptomatic malaria is reduced, both the fitness and frequency of the $S$-gene may decrease. In turn, a decreased frequency of the $S$-gene may eventually increase the overall prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria. Therefore, the control of symptomatic malaria might result in evolutionary repercussions, despite short-term epidemiological benefits.
Nonlinear procedures for seismic evaluation of buildings

New static and dynamic displacement-based procedures have been developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for the seismic evaluation and design of buildings. The static procedures calculate displacements in yielding buildings as the product of an elastic spectral displacement and coefficients Ci. Mean elastic and mean inelastic displacements are assumed to be equal for elastic periods, T0, greater than the characteristic site period, Tg. The data presented in this paper and elsewhere support this assumption for values of the strength ratio greater than or equal to 0·20. For T0 ≤ Tg, mean inelastic displacements can substantially exceed mean elastic displacements for all values of the strength ratio; FEMA 273 accounts for this observation by the coefficient C1. However, the FEMA 273 cap on C1 (= 1·5) is not sufficiently conservative and should be increased to 3·0 for the analysis and design of modern construction. The effects of stiffness degradation, strength deterioration and pinching are represented in FEMA 273 by the coefficient C2. The values assigned to C2 appear to be most reasonable. Nonlinear dynamic analysis is being widely used to estimate maximum deformations and displacements in buildings. The values calculated for the maximum deformations and displacements will be dependent upon the means used to characterize structural damping in the building frame. Although structural damping is routinely implemented through a damping constant (or matrix), such an implementation will overestimate the effects of structural damping in a yielding building and underestimate maximum deformations and displacements. Structural damping should be characterized by the target damping ratio (typically 5% of critical) at the point of maximum displacement. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REASSESSING BITTNER'S THESIS -- UNDERSTANDING COERCION AND THE POLICE IN LIGHT OF WACO AND THE LOS ANGELES RIOTS

Considers the dilemma of the incompatibility between the role of the police and democratic values, Develops Bittner’s thesis, that Western values continue to move away from legitimate use of force toward coercive intervention, with reference to the Waco siege and the Los Angeles riots.
A Critical Review of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery

A review of controlled clinical trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery is presented. Two well-designed and well-conducted studies support the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of wound infection in surgery of hip fractures. Several studies support a role for prophylactic antibiotics in total hip replacement, but it should be noted that equally low rates of wound infection have been attained in hypersterile operating theaters without any prophylactic antibiotics. The role of antibiotic-containing cement in total hip replacement surgery needs further critical evaluation.
Validation of Prognostic Models Among Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

Abstract Background The ability to accurately predict heart failure outcomes is essential to guiding treatment decisions but several competing risk stratification models exist. Methods and Results We prospectively collected data on 280 patients with advanced heart failure recruited from 16 sites across the United States. Deaths and cardiac transplantations within the following 4 years were identified. Medline was searched to systematically identify widely cited heart failure severity classification models predicting long-term survival among patients with heart failure, and 4 were selected for validation. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves, receiver-operating characteristic curves, and Cox proportional hazards modeling to identify the prognostic significance of each model's risk score and the individual contribution of the clinical components within each model. Average follow-up was 31.2 months; 148 deaths or transplantations occurred. Each model that we evaluated identified patients with significantly different prognoses. However, each was limited in overall predictive power, and many component patient characteristics did not have independent prognostic significance. Prognostic factors found to be most powerful within their models included: increasing age, ischemic cardiomyopathy, history of cardiomyopathy, ankle edema, decreased peak oxygen consumption, and absence of β-blocker use. Conclusion Although each of the models succeeded in risk-stratifying patients to some extent, all 4 models had shortcomings. There is a need for a contemporary model, derived from a patient population managed in accordance with current heart failure guidelines, applicable to all heart failure etiologies, relying on readily available clinical data.
Effects of disposition on hospitality employee job satisfaction and commitment.

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of job attitudes to personality traits in a hospitality setting.Design/methodology/approach – The author uses a questionnaire at two hotel chains in the western US to ascertain the variables. Employees that are surveyed are all non‐management personnel.Findings – The author finds that job attitudes, specifically, organizational commitment and job satisfaction are significantly related to the personality traits, the big five and locus of control.Research limitations/implications – The number of hotel employees studied is 159. A larger sample size could increase the validity of the findings.Practical implications – This paper encourages hotel management to consider the use of personality tests in the selection of hotel employees as the results suggest that certain traits are related to an employee's job satisfaction and organizational commitment.Originality/value – The paper is original in the sense that prior work has mainly focuse...
Origin of late dolomite cement by CO2-saturated deep basin brines: Evidence from the Ozark region, central United States

Studies of fluid inclusions in regionally extensive late dolomite cement (LDC) throughout the Ozark region show that CO2 effervescence was widespread during dolomite precipitation. On the basis of quantitative analyses of inclusion fluids, reaction-path modeling shows that LDC with trace amounts of sulfides can be deposited by effervescence of a CO2-saturated basin brine as it migrates to shallower levels and lower confining pressures. This precipitation mechanism best explains occurrences of LDC in the Ozark region and may account for LDC found in sedimentary basins worldwide.
Early degradation of collagen after acute myocardial infarction in the rat

After acute myocardial infarction (Ml), proteolysis of necrotic myocardium is mediated by infiltrating inflammatory cells at the infarct margins. Collagen forms a structural fibroskeleton in healthy myocardium, and after Ml this collagen may continue to provide significant tensile strength to the necrotic muscle wall. To determine whether collagen is also degraded (which might decrease infarct wall strength) and, if so, whether inflammatory cell proteases are implicated, hydroxyproline was measured from infarct zone and normal zone tissue from 24-hour infarcts produced in control rats and in rats made leukopenic (white blood cell count < 300/mm3) by prior whole-body irradiation. Hydroxyproline was measured after precipitation of tissue homogenates with trichloroacetic acid to separate partially degraded collagen from larger collagen molecules that might retain structural importance. At 24 hours, there was significant (25%) collagen degradation in the infarct zone (p < 0.01) in control rats but not in leukopenic rats. Tissue cell counts revealed a paucity of inflammatory cells in the infarct margins in leukopenic rats. Electron microscopic studies revealed greater preservation of collagen in the 24-hour-old Infarcts of irradiated leukopenic rats compared with those of control rats. These results suggest that at 24 hours after experimental Ml in the rat, there is significant collagen degradation mediated by inflammatory cell proteases.
Tensile creep acceleration by superimposed cyclic torsional strain in polycrystalline metals

Abstract A theoretical model, which considers the nature of time-dependent crystallographic slip in each grain and grain interactions, is developed to study the effect of superimposed cyclic torsional strain on the tensile creep accumulation of metals. Both transient and steady creep, and active and latent hardening, are incorporated in the constitutive equations of slip systems. Under cyclic deformation, the transition of isotropic to kinematic behavior in the work hardening of crystals is also incorporated. It is pointed out that the prescribed loading condition involves combined creep in tension and relaxation in torsion. Based on Eshelby's solution of ellipsoidal inclusion, the corresponding self-consistent relations are derived to account for grain interactions. The developed theory was applied to calculate the tensile creep strains of pure aluminum under various amplitudes of torsional strain at a given tensile stress. Consistent with experimental observations, the results indicate that, even with a relatively small amplitude, tensile creep accumulation can be greatly enhanced. The nature of heterogeneous deformation in the polycrystalline aggregate is also illustrated by the different contributions of four selected constituent grains. Finally, the enhancement of tensile creep was shown to be intimately related to the rate of transition from isotropic to kinematic hardening under cyclic deformation.
Impact of an automated dispensing system in outpatient pharmacies

Objective To evaluate the impact of an automated dispensing system (ADS) on pharmacy staff work activities and job satisfaction. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective study. Setting Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) outpatient pharmacies in September 2005. Participants Pharmacists and technicians from 18 outpatient pharmacies. Intervention All KPCO outpatient pharmacists (n = 136) and technicians (n = 160) were surveyed regarding demographics and work activities and pharmacist job satisfaction. Work activities and job satisfaction were compared between pharmacies with and without ADS. Historical prescription purchase records from ADS pharmacies were assessed for pre-ADS to post-ADS changes in productivity. Main outcome measures Self-reported pharmacy staff work activities and pharmacist job satisfaction. Results Pharmacists who responded to the demographic questionnaire (n = 74) were primarily women (60%), had a bachelor's degree in pharmacy (68%), and had been in practice for 10 years or more (53%). Responding technicians (n = 72) were predominantly women (80%) with no postsecondary degree (90%) and fewer than 10 years (68%) in practice. Pharmacists in ADS pharmacies who responded to the work activities questionnaire (n = 50) reported equivalent mean hours spent in patient care activities and filling medication orders compared with non-ADS pharmacists (n = 33; P > 0.05). Similarly, technicians in ADS pharmacies who responded to the work activities questionnaire (n = 64) reported equivalent mean hours spent in filling medication orders compared with non-ADS technicians (n = 38; P > 0.05). An equivalent proportion of ADS pharmacists reported satisfaction with their current job compared with non-ADS pharmacies ( P > 0.05). Mean productivity did not increase appreciably after automation ( P > 0.05). Conclusion By itself, installing an ADS does not appear to shift pharmacist work activities from dispensing to patient counseling or to increase job satisfaction. Shifting pharmacist work activities from dispensing to counseling and monitoring drug therapy outcomes may be warranted in ADS pharmacies.
Allergy, nasal obstruction, and occlusion

Abstract Hereditary, environmental, and developmental factors play a large role in dentofacial development as well as in the initiation of a malocclusion disorder. Allergic phenomena such as rhinitis and asthma are a contributing factor in malocclusion. This article will focus on the pathogenesis of rhinitis and asthma as it relates to the development of mouth breathing and an altered growth pattern of the orofacial region.
Pedicularis aurantiaca and Pedicularis densiflora (Orobanchaceae): Taxonomy, Phenology and Floral Morphological Variation

ABSTRACT We investigated patterns of infraspecific variation among populations of Pedicularis densiflora, including populations formerly recognized as P. densiflora subsp. aurantiaca. Several statistical analyses (UPGMA, ANOVA, and PCA) were conducted on floral traits measured in the field. All three statistical analyses indicated consistent differences in floral morphology among populations. These differences were confirmed by a review of over 1000 herbarium specimens. Two series of populations were separated, and two species recognized, Pedicularis aurantiaca and P. densiflora. Pedicularis aurantiaca had large calyces with floral tubes included at anthesis, reduced lower labia, and enlarged galea openings. Pedicularis densiflora had short calyces with fully exserted floral tubes, enlarged lower labia, and smaller galea openings. Taxonomy, phenology, and floral differences are discussed in the context of previously published data on pollinator visitation.
Thinking about brain cell assemblies

Neurobiologists from Sherrington to Hebb (1 ) have struggled with the problem of how perception, cognition, and memory are coded by assemblies of neurons within the cerebral cortex of the brain. We can now simultaneously monitor the activity of hundreds of neighboring cells (2) and have identified functional properties of ensembles of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus (3-7). In this issue of Science, Wilson and McNauehton ( 8 ) reDort one of the . . . first of these studies on the hippocampus, a phylogenetically old part of the brain that is a final stage of information processing for some kinds of memory. They are able to monitor the activity of neural ensembles and show that, when it comes to functional coding, many neurons are better than one. These kinds of studies-plus insights from computational neuroscience-are beginning to show how the hierarchical organization of the cerebral cortex can be coupled with distributed coding. We may soon understand the nature of representation in the "thinking" parts of the brain. A comprehensive understanding of representation by neural ensembles will require reconciliation of two extreme views of information coding in the cortex. One view espouses a systematic organization com~osed of a hierarchv of "filters" or "detectors" that encode simple stimulus features and com~lex events bv the activitv of single neuron' (9). A cont;asting view'espouses a fully distributed representation that encodes each item by distinct spatiotemporal activity patterns of homogeneous arrays of neurons (1 0). These opposing views may in fact be reconcilable; in the brain, both are employed to different extents at successive stages of information processing (see fieure). ~viYdence in support of the idea that the brain codes information with feature detectors followed closely the development of the extracellular microelectrode in the late 1950s. This technology unexpectedly revealed that cortical firing patterns could readily be related to recognizable dimensions of stimuli and actions ( I I). Many such observations, perhaps most widely promoted by Hubel and Wiesel's studies on the visual cortex, revealed an organized topo-
Rutgers' Touchtone Registration System Receives High Grades

The days of long lines, angry students, and frustrated administrators are a thing of the past, here at Rutgers University. “Have you tested all of the Add/Drop sites?” This question had become imbedded in my brain, it was spoken so often. I dreaded the first two weeks of every semester because of all the preparation we did in the hope of having a smooth registration period. The Computing Service, along with the Registrar's office, developed a check list of “things to be done before the first day of registration”. This list had become two pages long at the last writing. We did attempt to ensure that every aspect of the process was checked and tested when possible. Can you imagine waiting in line for two hours to add a course, and all of the sudden the system crashes. There you are at the terminal, just about to add that course you want, and the administrator tells you that the system is down. You look in disbelief at this person. After you regain your composure, you inquire as to how long the system will b...
Geographic variation in body size and its relation to the mating structure of Tetraopes populations

Adult milkweed beetles (genus Tetraopes) are shown to exhibit geographical variation in the intensity of stabilising selection on body size. This is related in both sexes to inter-locality variation in the amount of intrapopulational variability present in this character. Mean size of female beetles also varies geographically. A model of the selection process is proposed that would select against migration between locally differentiated populations and preserve the partitioning of genetic variation among these populations.
Reading and Sentence Completion by a Chimpanzee (Pan)

Four studies revealed that a 2½-year-old chimpanzee (Pan), after 6 months of computer-controlled language training, proficiently reads projected word-characters that constitute the beginnings of sentences and, in accordance with their meanings and serial order, either finishes the sentences for reward or rejects them.
Obesity: An economic and financial perspective

Obesity has been slowly increasing in most countries. This problem has increased to an extent that it is being labeled an epidemic and a leading cause of preventable deaths, second only to smoking. This paper provides a synthesis of the extant economics literature on obesity. More importantly, a framework outlining the economic causes and effects of obesity is discussed. The causes of obesity are many, including economic, technical, historical, and biological. The effects of obesity can be external or internal. These effects, in turn, can be direct or indirect. Recommendations for governments and businesses and directions for future research are discussed.
Improved quantitation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in plant tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection

Abstract For the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) residues in plant tissues, the use of high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection decreases the quantitation limits by a factor of five compared to those obtained with gas chromatography with Hall conductivity detection. It also avoids the clean-up and derivatization procedures required for electron-capture detection. After extraction of DCP from plant tissue by steam distillation and collection in toluene, an alumina clean-up column is used to remove electroactive interferences from the samples. The DCP is then extracted into aqueous alkaline solution, neutralized, and diluted with acetonitrile to ca. 50% (v/v). An alternative clean-up made use of an in-line, pre-column electrochemical procedure, in which case the alumina column was not used. The components were separated with a reverse-phase column and detected with a polychlorotrifluoroethylene/graphite composite electrode at an applied potential of +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The quantitation limit for DCP in the plant tissues was 100 pg per injection (0.05 mg Kg−1).
Autoassociative neural networks

Abstract Autoassociative neural networks are feedforward nets trained to produce an approximation of the identity mapping between network inputs and outputs using backpropagation or similar learning procedures. The key feature of an autoassociative network is a dimensional bottleneck between input and output. Compression of information by the bottleneck results in the acquisition of a correlation model of the input data, useful for performing a variety of data screening tasks. The network reduces measurement noise by mapping inputs into the space of the correlation model, and the residuals of this mapping can be used to detect sensor failures. Values for missing and faulty sensors can be estimated using the network. A related approach, “robust autoassociative networks,” filter both random noise and gross errors in data resulting from faulty sensors. These networks replace with a single forward pass the conventional multiple-step procedure of data rectification, gross error detection, failure identification and sensor value replacement estimation. Autoassociative networks can be used to preprocess data so that sensor-based calculations can be performed correctly even in the presence of large sensor biases and failures. These techniques are demonstrated on an example involving inferential measurement of concentrations via tray temperatures in a distillation column. Results show that the network approach is more effective than competitive linear techniques in this application.
Microtubule dynamics in Xenopus egg extracts.

The organization and function of microtubules change dramatically during the cell cycle. At the onset of mitosis, a radial array of microtubules is broken down and reorganized into a bipolar spindle. This event requires changes in the dynamic behavior of individual microtubules. Through the use of Xenopus laevis egg extracts, a number of proteins affecting microtubule behavior have been identified. Recently, progress has also been made towards understanding how the activities of such microtubule-affecting proteins are regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. It is hoped that understanding how microtubule behavior is controlled during the cell cycle in vitro may illuminate the role of microtubule dynamics in various cellular processes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 44:000-000, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of light programmes on broiler mortality with reference to ascites

(1997). Effect of light programmes on broiler mortality with reference to ascites. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 68-70.
Proteinuria in experimental renal hypertension.

SummaryRats made hypertensive by the removal of one kidney and constriction of the other show a linear increase in urine protein paralleling the rate and magnitude of increase in urine protein excretion shown by non-hypertensive three-quarters nephrectomized rats. The development of proteinuria is independent of the development of hypertension. No apparent relationship exists between the proteinuria and hypertrophy of remaining kidney. Glomerular and tubular lesions are present in most of the proteinuric rats.
A validation study of merging and spacing techniques in a NAS-wide simulation

In November 2010, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) delivered a software tool to NASA Langley that models Merging and Spacing (M&S) for arrivals and departures in the Airspace Concepts Evaluation System (ACES) NAS-wide simulation. This delivery allows researchers to use ACES for system-level studies of the complex terminal airspace. As a precursor to use of the tool for research, the software was evaluated against current day arrivals in the Atlanta TRACON using Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (KATL) arrival schedules, Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs), and traffic flow management (TFM) techniques typical for Atlanta. Results of this validation effort are presented describing data sets, traffic flow assumptions and techniques, and arrival rate comparisons between reported landings at Atlanta versus simulated arrivals using the same traffic sets in ACES equipped with M&S. Since emphasis for intended research is on arrival capacity, this was also the focus of the validation. Before testing began, the simulated system was expected to demonstrate superior capacity over current day Atlanta by managing spacing intervals efficiently and exactly. Initial results, instead, showed the simulation's modeled capacity to be far short of what human controllers currently achieve, despite the efficiently managed spacing. Investigation into the cause of the shortfall revealed aspects of systems-level flow and control techniques that are critical to achieving sustained high capacity in the face of varying traffic loads and type mixes. This new understanding, once applied to the current day validation model, allowed a match of Atlanta's arrival capacity as well as a better understanding of how modern airports are limited by current day route models. Following this validation effort, a sensitivity study was conducted to measure the impact of variations in system parameters on the Atlanta airport arrival capacity.
Americanization and Its Limits: Reworking US Technology and Management in Post-War Europe and Japan . Edited by Jonathan Zeitlin and Gary Herrigel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, Pp. xviii, 410. $74.00.

These fascinating essays show why Americanization is both more and less than it seems. On the one hand, the authors argue, the superiority of American production methods remains a widely accepted thesis in the historiography of postwar economic growth. On the other hand, they show that the diffusion of American practices collided at every stage with active efforts by Europeans and Japanese to shape postwar reconstruction according to their own visions. The result was a panoply of hybrid outcomes, rather than any simple process by which superior American models supplanted local practices.
Incidence and post-pollination mechanisms of nonrandom mating in Arabidopsis thaliana

Compatible pollinations from many different taxa display nonrandom mating. Here we describe a system for examining questions of nonrandom mating in Arabid- opsis thaliana. Using this system, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana displays nonrandom mating between distinct accessions. Statistical analysis of these data dem- onstrates aspects of both pollen competition and male- female complementarity in these matings. Cytological experiments implicate pollen germination and pollen tube growth rates as possible causal factors in these nonrandom mating efficiencies.
Low-profile patch-fed surface wave antenna with a monopole-like radiation pattern

A novel patch-fed surface wave antenna (PFSWA) that realises a monopole-like radiation pattern with an attractive low-profile configuration is presented. The surface wave antenna consists of a thin grounded dielectric slab loaded with periodic square patches, which is designed to support the propagation of surface waves, and a centre-fed circular patch, which is used to excite the surface waves. The diffraction of surface waves at the edge of the ground plane generates a monopole-like radiation pattern (both in pattern shape and polarisation state). The radiation mechanism and performance of the PFSWA are described, and parametric studies are performed to understand the radiation characteristics of the PFSWA. An antenna prototype with only 3 mm thickness (<0.05lambda) is fabricated and tested, which resonates at 4.74 GHz with a 5.6% impedance bandwidth and a 5.6 dBi gain. The low-profile PFSWA has a great potential for modern wireless communications such as vehicle radio system
Temporal alterations in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone concentrations in several discrete brain regions: effects of estrogen-progesterone and norepinephrine synthesis inhibition.

Studies were undertaken to identify the brain regions which display temporal changes in LHRH concentrations after progesterone (P) administration (on day 2 at 1000 h) to ovariectomized, estrogen-primed (OVX-EP) rats (day 0). Groups of OVX-EP rats were decapitated at 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 h and the following regions were isolated by microdissection for subsequent analyses of LHRH by RIA: nucleus (N.) preopticus medialis, N. hypothalamicus anterior, N. suprachiasmatic region (NSC), area retrochiasmatic (ARC), N. arcuate (NA) region, and median eminence (ME). In these rats, ME and NA LHRH concentrations first increased 2- and 3-fold, respectively, by 1400 h when serum gonadotropin levels were basal, and later at 1600 h LHRH levels decreased precipitously concomitant with peak serum LH and FSH levels. In the NSC and ARC regions, however, LHRH concentrations declined slowly reaching significantly lower values by 1600–1800 h. P treatment did not influence LHRH concentrations in the N. preopticus medi...
Research Opportunities in Social and Economic Networks

Social network patterns of interaction influence many behaviors including consumption, career choice, employment, investment, voting, hobbies, criminal activity, risk sharing, and even participation in micro-finance. Networks of relationships among firms and political organizations also impact research and development, investment decisions and market activity, international trade patterns, and political alliances. The study of how network structure influences (and is influenced by) economic activity is becoming increasingly important because it is clear that many classical models that abstract away from patterns of interaction leave certain phenomena unexplained. For example, the fact that information about jobs is largely disseminated through social networks has significant implications for patterns of wages, unemployment, and education. Beyond the many economic settings where social structure is critical, the study of social and economic networks can also benefit from an economic perspective. Tools from decision theory and game theory can offer new insight into how behavior is influenced by network structure; and can also be used to analyze network formation. In addition network analysis provides new opportunities and challenges for econometrics, laboratory and field experiments; and they are beginning to shed new light on the impact of social interactions ranging from favor exchange to corruption and economic development.
Pathways of the Agulhas waters poleward of 29°S

Passive tracers are advected in a Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) to map the pathways of Agulhas waters, with a focus on determining where the Agulhas waters intrude into the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Results show that Agulhas waters spread into all three ocean basins within 3 years of release. After leaving the African continent, the mean Agulhas water pathway tilts northwest toward the South Atlantic and southeast toward the ACC. The majority (from 60% to 100% depending on specific water mass) of the Agulhas waters stay in the South Indian Ocean north of the Sub-Antarctic Front. From 10 to 28% enters the South Atlantic Ocean through the boundary current along the southern tip of South Africa and via Agulhas rings in the retroflection region. Up to 12% of intermediate depth Agulhas waters enter the ACC. Most of the tracer transport into the ACC occurs just downstream of the Kerguelen Plateau, which clearly demonstrates the importance of topography in elevating cross-frontal exchange. Agulhas waters also contribute to Sub-Antarctic Mode Water formation in the Southeast Indian Ocean by lateral advection. The surface Agulhas waters are preconditioned by strong surface buoyancy loss before turning into mode water, while the intermediate Agulhas waters are advected to the mode water formation region along isopycnals before being drawn into the mixed layer. Key Points The pathways of Agulhas waters are mapped using passive tracer in SOSE Agulhas waters can be mixed into the SEISAMW and ACC Cross-ACC mixing is aggrandized by topography © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Levitation force in YBCO/Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet system

This paper presents an experimental study of the levitation force on a bulk high-temperature superconducting YBCO disk in liquid nitrogen above a Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet disk. The force data agree with Kordynk's "frozen-image" model that states that levitation force is independent of YBCO disk thickness and is greater with defective YBCO disks than with defect-free YBCO disks.
Test set embedding for deterministic BIST using a reconfigurable interconnection network

We present a new approach for deterministic built-in self-test (BIST) in which a reconfigurable interconnection network (RIN) is placed between the outputs of a pseudorandom pattern generator and the scan inputs of the circuit under test (CUT). The RIN, which consists only of multiplexer switches, replaces the phase shifter that is typically used in pseudorandom BIST to reduce correlation between the test data bits that are fed into the scan chains. The connections between the linear-feedback shift-register (LFSR) and the scan chains can be dynamically changed (reconfigured) during a test session. In this way, the RIN is used to match the LFSR outputs to the test cubes in a deterministic test set. The control data bits used for reconfiguration ensure that all the deterministic test cubes are embedded in the test patterns applied to the CUT. The proposed approach requires very little hardware overhead, only a modest amount of CPU time, and fewer control bits compared to the storage required for reseeding techniques or for hybrid BIST. Moreover, as a nonintrusive BIST solution, it does not require any circuit redesign and has minimal impact on circuit performance.
Experiments on a Hybrid-Composite Beam for Bridge Applications:

This paper details a study of the structural behavior of hybrid-composite beams (HCBs), which consist of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) shell with a tied concrete arch. The HCB offers advantages in life-cycle costs through reduced transportation weight and increased corrosion resistance. Through a better understanding of system behavior, the proportion of load in each component can be determined, and each component can be designed for the appropriate forces. A long-term outcome of this research will be a general, structural analytical framework, which can be used by transportation departments to design HCBs as rapidly constructible bridge components. This study focused on the identification of the load paths and load sharing between the arch and FRP shell in an HCB and on the test of an HCB with a composite bridge deck. Tests were performed through the application of point loads on simple span beams (before the bridge deck was placed) and with a three-beam, skewed composite bridge system, which resulted...
Rensselaer heavy ion beam probe diagnostic methods and techniques

The operating principles, measurement capabilities, hardware, and data analysis techniques of heavy ion beam probe diagnostics as used by the Rensselaer Plasma Dynamics Lab are reviewed. The topics that are addressed include; trajectory calculations of the ion beams; how the diagnostic measures plasma density, electron temperature, electric potential, and magnetic vector potential; the energy analyzer used to detect the beam, other hardware used in the experiments, and the basic techniques used in fluctuation studies and related diagnostic issues. >
Risk/Benefit Profile of Arsenic Trioxide

Approximately 20%-30% of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are treated with the current standard all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen suffer relapse. In the mid-1990s, studies from China reported the effective use of arsenic trioxide in achieving complete remission in patients with APL. In the United States, a multicenter trial of this agent in 40 patients with relapsed APL following conventional therapy confirmed the positive safety and efficacy outcomes of a smaller 12-patient pilot study. Common adverse events were hyperleukocytosis, APL differentiation syndrome, prolonged QT interval on electrocardiogram, skin rash, and hyperglycemia.
A1 adenosine receptor-mediated GIRK channels contribute to the resting conductance of CA1 neurons in the dorsal hippocampus

The dorsal and ventral hippocampi are functionally and anatomically distinct. Recently, we reported that dorsal Cornu Ammonis area 1 (CA1) neurons have a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential and a lower input resistance and fire fewer action potentials for a given current injection than ventral CA1 neurons. Differences in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation conductance between dorsal and ventral neurons have been reported, but these differences cannot fully account for the different resting properties of these neurons. Here, we show that coupling of A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) to G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) conductance contributes to the intrinsic membrane properties of dorsal CA1 neurons but not ventral CA1 neurons. The block of GIRKs with either barium or the more specific blocker Tertiapin-Q revealed that there is more resting GIRK conductance in dorsal CA1 neurons compared with ventral CA1 neurons. We found that the higher resting GIRK conductance in dorsal CA1 neurons was mediated by tonic A1AR activation. These results demonstrate that the different resting membrane properties between dorsal and ventral CA1 neurons are due, in part, to higher A1AR-mediated GIRK activity in dorsal CA1 neurons.
Expression and Function of Pancreatic β-Cell Delayed Rectifier K+ Channels ROLE IN STIMULUS-SECRETION COUPLING

Voltage-dependent delayed rectifier K+ channels regulate aspects of both stimulus-secretion and excitation-contraction coupling, but assigning specific roles to these channels has proved problematic. Using transgenically derived insulinoma cells (βTC3-neo) and β-cells purified from rodent pancreatic islets of Langerhans, we studied the expression and role of delayed rectifiers in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction methods to amplify all known candidate delayed rectifier transcripts, the expression of the K+ channel gene Kv2.1 in βTC3-neo insulinoma cells and purified rodent pancreatic β-cells was detected and confirmed by immunoblotting in the insulinoma cells. βTC3-neo cells were also found to express a related K+ channel, Kv3.2. Whole-cell patch clamp demonstrated the presence of delayed rectifier K+ currents inhibited by tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine, with similar Kd values to that of Kv2.1, correlating delayed rectifier gene expression with the K+ currents. The effect of these blockers on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was studied with fura-2 microspectrofluorimetry and imaging techniques. In the absence of glucose, exposure to TEA (1-20 mM) had minimal effects on βTC3-neo or rodent islet [Ca2+]i, but in the presence of glucose, TEA activated large amplitude [Ca2+]i oscillations. In the insulinoma cells the TEA-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations were driven by synchronous oscillations in membrane potential, resulting in a 4-fold potentiation of insulin secretion. Activation of specific delayed rectifier K+ channels can therefore suppress stimulus-secretion coupling by damping oscillations in membrane potential and [Ca2+]i and thereby regulate secretion. These studies implicate previously uncharacterized β-cell delayed rectifier K+ channels in the regulation of membrane repolarization, [Ca2+]i, and insulin secretion.