cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basic Linear Technique

In this chapter some linear and matrix methods are introduced that will simplify later work, particularly the linearization of the basic reduced model, a subject we take up in the next chapter. The notions of vec, mat(m,n), I(m,n), tensor products ⊗, and some relations between them are discussed. Next are the space of symmetric matrices, its natural inner product, and a useful projection lemma.
Z-Backlighter facility upgrades: A path to short/long pulse multi-frame multi-color x-ray backlighting at the Z-Accelerator.

We discuss upgrades currently underway at Sandia National Labs Z-Backlighter facility. Among them: A new OPCPA front end, 94 cm × 42 cm MLD gratings, laser beam combination studies, advanced debris mitigation techniques, and a major target area expansion.
Circulating tumor cell technologies

Circulating tumor cells, a component of the “liquid biopsy”, hold great potential to transform the current landscape of cancer therapy. A key challenge to unlocking the clinical utility of CTCs lies in the ability to detect and isolate these rare cells using methods amenable to downstream characterization and other applications. In this review, we will provide an overview of current technologies used to detect and capture CTCs with brief insights into the workings of individual technologies. We focus on the strategies employed by different platforms and discuss the advantages of each. As our understanding of CTC biology matures, CTC technologies will need to evolve, and we discuss some of the present challenges facing the field in light of recent data encompassing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor-initiating cells, and CTC clusters.
Interhemispheric Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Connectivity is Associated with Individual Differences in Pain Sensitivity in Healthy Controls

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is implicated in pain modulation through multiple psychological processes. Recent noninvasive brain stimulation studies suggest that interhemispheric DLPFC connectivity influences pain tolerance and discomfort by altering interhemispheric inhibition. The structure and role of interhemispheric DLPFC connectivity in pain processing have not been investigated. The present study used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for fMRI to investigate transcallosal DLPFC connectivity during painful stimulation in healthy volunteers. DCM parameters were used to predict individual differences in sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli. Bayesian model selection results indicated that influences among the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) and left DLPFC (lDLPFC) are modulated during painful stimuli. Regression analyses revealed that greater rDLPFC→lDLPFC couplings were associated with higher suprathreshold pain temperatures. These results highlight the role of interhemispheric connectivity in pain modulation and support the preferential role of the right hemisphere in pain processing. Knowledge of these mechanisms may improve understanding of abnormal pain modulation in chronic pain populations.
Childhood and Adulthood Socioeconomic Statuses in Relation to Union Interest: Exploratory Surface Relationships

Using response surface methodology for exploratory data, we examined the linear and nonlinear surface relationships between no mobility and mobility in reference to union interest defined by willingness to join a labor union. Analyses were conducted on survey data collected from U.S. nonunion employees (N = 1,010) who indicated their socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and adulthood in reference to social class, education, and English language/literacy (e.g., language/literacy during childhood, language/literacy now). Surface relationships were mostly linear. For example, among status indicators, a linear surface was found for employees whose childhood and adulthood language/literacy were the same (no mobility): Lower status nonmobile employees showed more union interest than higher status nonmobile employees. In contrast, a nonlinear surface was found for employees whose childhood and adulthood language/literacy were not the same (mobility): Upwardly mobile employees showed less union interest than downwardly mobile employees showed more interest. Details of the surface relationships and future modeling of the relationships in terms of mediational processes are discussed.
College of Dentistry or Private Practice: A Patient Survey

Colleges of Dentistry (COD) and Dental Hygiene Programs (DHP) rely on patients to help educate students and graduate competent dental professionals. In this era of competition for patients, consumer awareness, and customer satisfaction, COD/DHPs must understand and cater to the needs of consumers to attract more patients and retain its existing patient population. It is important to understand why consumers choose a COD/DHP versus private practice and capitalize on these features. Objectives. The objectives of this study are to evaluate reasons why patients chose a COD/DHP and to assess patient satisfaction with their services. Methods. Patients at The Ohio State University COD, scheduled with first and second year dental hygiene students, were randomly selected to complete a survey regarding why they chose the COD/DHP and to rate their experiences via a 5-point Likert scale. Results. Forty-seven subjects completed the survey (24 male, 23 female; mean age 49.5 yrs.). Fifty-five percent of subjects chose the COD/DHP due to cost of dental treatment, and 21% thought their care would be more thorough and would receive better treatment than in private practice. Subjects stated they received good to excellent care, and 99% would recommend the COD/DHP for oral healthcare needs. One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in the level of satisfaction between males and females and Spearman9s Correlation showed moderate correlation (r=0.263) between age and satisfaction, but no correlation between educational level and satisfaction. Conclusions. The majority of patients attended the COD/DHP for financial reasons and perception of better care. Subjects surveyed were very satisfied with their experience at the COD/DHP. Satisfied patients are more likely to be compliant with their oral health, use services of the COD/DHP on a regular basis, and are a source of referrals. This project was supported by The Ohio State University COD Summer Student Research Program.
LM2500 Packages for Platform Applications

This paper reviews a total of 31 LM2500 packages that were either installed or on order for platform applications throughout the world as of midsummer 1983. Individual projects are reviewed and design approaches summarized. The standard package is described and available ratings are tabulated.Copyright © 1984 by ASME
Effects of mesh regularity on accuracy of finite-volume sche mes

The effects of mesh regularity on the accuracy of unstructured node-centered finite-volume discretizations are considered. The focus of this paper is on an edge-based approach that uses unweighted least-squares gradient reconstruction with a quadratic fit. Gradient errors and dis cretization errors for inviscid and viscous fluxes are separately studied according to a previously introduced methodology. The methodology considers three classes of grids: isotropic grids in a rectangular geometry, anisotropic grids typical of adapted grids, and anisotropic grids over a curved surface typical of advancing-layer viscous grids. The meshes within these classes range from regular to extremely irregular including meshes with random perturbation of nodes. The inviscid scheme is nominally third-order accurate on general triangular meshes. The viscous scheme is a nominally secondorder accurate discretization that uses an average-least-squares method. The results have been contrasted with previously studied schemes involving other gradient reconstruction methods such as the Green-Gauss method and the unweighted least-squares method with a linear fit. Re commendations are made concerning the inviscid and viscous discretization schemes that are expected to be least sensitive to mesh regularity in applications to turbulent flows for complex geometries.
Galsworthys and Bartleets

Always conscious of his parents and their families as representations in social and historical terms, Galsworthy frequently dramatized their divergent influences in dichotomized form, as if the various strains met and might be reconciled within him. In 1907, he wrote to Edward Garnett, then his close friend and principal literary adviser: What queer mixtures we all are; and yet it’s remarkable how, up to this century, class and locality kept themselves to themselves. Look at my origin, for instance: So far as I can make out my Dad’s forbears were absolutely of the small farmer class for hundreds of years, and all from the same little corner of South Devon, and my Mother’s absolutely of the provincial squire class.…
Newspapers use unnamed sources less often in high-stakes coverage

This analysis of unnamed sources in newspaper coverage of the attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya, finds unnamed sources to be most common just after the attack and in its immediate aftermath. While unnamed sources were prevalent, they were less common than in studies of routine news coverage, suggesting journalists seeking transparency in reporting are less willing to grant source anonymity with high-stakes stories.
Surgical Fires and Operative Burns: Lessons Learned From a 33-Year Review of Medical Litigation

Abstract Objective We aimed to understand the setting and litigation outcomes of surgical fires and operative burns. Methods Westlaw, an online legal research data-set, was utilized. Data were collected on patient, procedure, and case characteristics. Results One hundred thirty-nine cases were identified; 114 (82%) operative burns and 25 (18%) surgical fires. Median plaintiff (patient) age was 46 (IQR:28–59). Most common site of operative burn was the face (26% [n = 36]). Most common source of injury was a high energy device (43% [n = 52]). Death was reported in 2 (1.4%) cases. Plaintiff age p = .02) and (OR = 4.50 [95% CI, 1.63–13.63]; p = .003) respectively. Plaintiff award payment (settlement or plaintiff verdict) was reported in 83 (60%) cases; median award payout was $215,000 (IQR: $82,000-$518,000). Conclusion High energy devices remain as the most common cause of injury. Understanding and addressing pitfalls in operative care may mitigate errors and potentially lessen future liability. Level of evidence III.
Clinical characteristics of doxorubicin-associated alopecia in 28 dogs.

Background Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is common in humans, but there are limited reports describing the clinical features of CIA in dogs. Objectives To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of doxorubicin-associated alopecia (DAA) in canine patients at a teaching hospital from 2012 to 2014. Animals Signalment, diagnosis, treatment protocols and clinical examination findings were recorded in 150 dogs treated with doxorubicin from 2012 to 2014. Methods Medical records were searched retrospectively for the keywords “alopecia” and “hypotrichosis.” Dogs were excluded if the causal link of hair loss was unclear. Results Doxorubicin-associated alopecia was reported in 28 of 150 dogs (19%). Two parameters were statistically associated with the development of DAA: coat-type and cumulative doxorubicin dose. Dogs with curly or wire-haired coat-type were significantly more likely to develop DAA than dogs with straight-haired coat-type [χ2 (1, N = 147) = 30, P < 0.0001]. After adjusting for sex, weight and doxorubicin dose, the odds of dogs with curly or wire-haired coat-type developing DAA were 22 times higher than those with straight-haired coat-type (P < 0.0001). Dogs that developed DAA received a significantly higher median cumulative doxorubicin dose (103.0 versus 84.5 mg/m2; P = 0.0039) than those that did not develop DAA. Conclusions and clinical importance Dogs treated with doxorubicin may be at risk for developing DAA. This risk increases as the cumulative dose of doxorubicin increases, and with a curly or wire-haired coat-type.
Mesowear study of ungulates from the early Pleistocene site of ‘Ubeidiya (Israel) and the implications for early Homo dispersal from Africa

An ongoing question in Anthropology and Archaeology focuses on the role of climate change in human evolution and particularly in the dispersal of hominins out of Africa. One of the main hypothesis posits that early Pleistocene sites were open grassland habitats and that early Homo differentially inhabited such environments. Testing the environmental hypothesis requires robust paleoecological reconstructions of early Pleistocene ‘Out of Africa' sites. The early Pleistocene site of ‘Ubeidiya, central Jordan Valley, Israel, provides an excellent case study to test hypotheses regarding the role of climate in the dispersal of early Homo from Africa to Eurasia. Mesowear is a paleo-dietary proxy that measures facet development on selenodont ungulate molars. We analyzed the mesowear of five ‘Ubeidiya ungulate taxa averaged over all strata, then we analyzed the two ungulate taxa that had a large enough sample size for diachronic analysis: Equus tabeti and Dama sp. In both analyses, we used mesowear scores to predict percent grass in diet and precipitation in the habitat across a suite of modern taxa. We then use a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) framework to estimate these variables from the mesowear scores of the fossil taxa in ‘Ubeidiya. Phylogenetically-informed discriminant analysis (pFDA) was utilized to test the dietary categorical group identities of fossil specimens. Results suggests that percent graze in diet was lower in fossil taxa than in their modern counterparts while average precipitation was higher in the early Pleistocene than in the modern day locality of ‘Ubeidiya suggesting that overall ‘Ubeidiya was more humid with a close woodland forest that today. Results do not support the notion that ‘Ubeidiya was an open grassland habitat during the early Pleistocene and hominins did not preferentially occupy such environments. Thus it the adaptability of Homo to novel habitats out of Africa lend support to the climate variability hypothesis.
Association of glucose measures with total and coronary heart disease mortality: does the effect change with time? The Rancho Bernardo Study.

Aims To compare the associations of three glucose measures with coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality and to examine how these associations changed over time.
Intraoperative Administration of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Reduces Blood Requirements in Cardiac Transplantation

Objective Assessing the efficacy of intraoperative 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) use in blood product utilization, time to chest closure, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), thromboembolic complications, renal injury and mortality in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients on home anticoagulation therapy with warfarin, undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Design Retrospective analysis of OHT patients at Tufts Medical Center from May 2013 to October 2016. Setting Single-institution, university hospital setting. Participants Patients with preexisting LVADs who received orthotopic heart transplants (n = 74; 32 patients 4F-PCC, 42 patients no 4F-PCC). Interventions Warfarin reversal using 4F-PCC in patients with LVADs undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation with the 4F-PCC dosing partitioned such that one-third was given pre-CPB and two-thirds were given post-CPB. Measurements and Main Results The 4F-PCC group required less plasma (6 [IQR 4] v 1.31 [IQR 2] U, p Conclusions Replacing plasma with 4F-PCC to reverse preoperative warfarin anticoagulation during OHT was associated with a shorter time to chest closure and less blood product utilization, without an increase in acute kidney injury, thromboembolic complications, or death.
The Emotional Underpinnings of Attitudes toward Transitional Justice

What explains citizens’ attitudes toward transitional justice? Studies that examined the support for transitional justice mechanisms identified three sets of factors: individual, socialization, and...
Particle Filtering and Sensor Fusion for Robust Heart Rate Monitoring Using Wearable Sensors

This paper describes a novel methodology leveraging particle filters for the application of robust heart rate monitoring in the presence of motion artifacts. Motion is a key source of noise that confounds traditional heart rate estimation algorithms for wearable sensors due to the introduction of spurious artifacts in the signals. In contrast to previous particle filtering approaches, we formulate the heart rate itself as the only state to be estimated, and do not rely on multiple specific signal features. Instead, we design observation mechanisms to leverage the known steady, consistent nature of heart rate variations to meet the objective of continuous monitoring of heart rate using wearable sensors. Furthermore, this independence from specific signal features also allows us to fuse information from multiple sensors and signal modalities to further improve estimation accuracy. The signal processing methods described in this work were tested on real motion artifact affected electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram data with concurrent accelerometer readings. Results show promising average error rates less than 2 beats/min for data collected during intense running activities. Furthermore, a comparison with contemporary signal processing techniques for the same objective shows how the proposed implementation is also computationally more efficient for comparable performance.
Examining the Biosynthesis and Xenoantigenicity of Class II Swine Leukocyte Antigen Proteins

Genetically engineered pig organs could provide transplants to all patients with end-stage organ failure, but Ab-mediated rejection remains an issue. This study examines the class II swine leukocyte Ag (SLA) as a target of epitope-restricted Ab binding. Transfection of individual α- and β-chains into human embryonic kidney cells resulted in both traditional and hybrid class II SLA molecules. Sera from individuals on the solid organ transplant waiting list were tested for Ab binding and cytotoxicity to this panel of class II SLA single-Ag cells. A series of elution studies from an SLA-DQ cell line were performed. Our results indicate that human sera contain Abs specific for and cytotoxic against class II SLA. Our elution studies revealed that sera bind the SLA-DQ molecule in an epitope-restricted pattern. Site-specific mutation of one of these epitopes resulted in statistically decreased Ab binding. Humans possess preformed, specific, and cytotoxic Abs to class II SLA that bind in an epitope-restricted fashion. Site-specific epitope mutagenesis may decrease the Ab binding of highly sensitized individuals to pig cells.
Assortment, Shelf Space and Price Planning

Assortment, shelf space and price planning are both extremely important and challenging for retailers. Retailers need to satisfy consumer demand with shelf supply by balancing variety (number of products) and service levels (number of items of a product), and offer competitive prices with respect to limited and valuable operational resources such as shelf space and merchandizers. For example, offering broader assortments may limit appropriate service levels and vice versa. Lower item prices diminish the profit contribution per item sold, but increase demand and impact overall profitability, depending on price elasticity. Additionally, higher demand requires more frequent restocking or a higher number of facings. Retailers therefore benefit from comprehensive shelf space management. Several empirical studies show that well-executed shelf space management results in profit growth because of an efficient response to consumer behavior and effective category management (McIntyre and Miller 1999);(Hennessy 2001; Basuroy et al. 2001; Dhar et al. 2001; Shugan and Desiraju 2001; ECR Europe 2003a; Levy et al. 2004; Grocery Manufacturers Association et al. 2005; Desrochers and Nelson 2006; Campillo-Lundbeck 2009; Gutgeld et al. 2009; Fisher and Raman 2010). As a result, category management needs to carefully plan assortment size, shelf space assignment of products and price of each product.
Sparsity-aware adaptive beamforming design for IEEE 802.11ad-based joint communication-radar

The IEEE 802.11ad millimeter-wave WiFi waveform can be simultaneously used for high range/velocity resolution radar and Gbps data rate communication in vehicular applications. The angular field of view (FoV) for radar sensing, however, is limited by the employed directional analog beam. In this paper, a sparsity-aware beamforming design is proposed that permits a trade-off between communication rate and radar detection/estimation performance in the angular domain. The proposed design uses random transmit antenna subsets to form a coherent beam towards a communication receiver while simultaneously perturbing the sidelobes of the resulting beam pattern. Sidelobe perturbation results in random grading lobes, which we exploit for compressed radar sensing. The system performance trade-off involved in the adaptive beamforming design is evaluated using a novel joint communication-radar rate metric. Numerical results demonstrate subset size optimization enables the detection of short-range radar targets with high probability and angular resolution in a wide FoV at the expense of a slight hit in the communication data rate.
Linking transgenerational value creation with natural environment and sustainability policy in family and non-family owned firms: Extending the agency-stewardship theory debate

In this paper, we extend the existing agency-stewardship theory debate by linking transgenerational value creation with the natural environment. We enlist stewardship and agency theories to frame our discussion. Specifically, a firm with a positive natural environmental sustainability policy (ESP) acts as a proxy for the attributes of stewardship theory, whereas a neutral firm position toward ESP operates as a surrogate for agency theory. We test stewardship theory within the context of non-family (n=175) and family-owned (n=216) firms. Our findings suggest that family-owned firms do exhibit forms of stewardship behavior, while non-family-owned firms displayed propensity toward agency-like actions.
A Computerized Database System for Psychiatric and Consultation Records

We report the development of a clinical and educational computerized system for generating psychiatric records and consultation notes. Simultaneously, it generates the Patient Evaluation Grid (PEG) developed by Leigh, Feinstein, and Reiser -a bio-psychosocial inventory of the patient which serves an eduational as well as clinical function.
The Source: How Rivers Made America and America Remade its Rivers. By Martin Doyle. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2017. Pp. 352. $26.95.)

At the beginning of this book author Martin Doyle states the obvious fact: “Rivers have shaped the basic facts of America” (1). He notes that not only have most state boundaries been laid out by ri...
Intentions to pursue future cancer screening among older adults with limited life expectancy: Results from a US nationally-representative sample.

e13546Background: Cancer screening guidelines recommend against screening individuals with less than a 10 year life expectancy because they are subjected to greater harms with little chance to bene...
A new subtyping model for residual invasive disease after cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive malignancy and half of the patients develop metastatic disease within 2 years, which is generally incurable and leads to early mortality (1). Based on prospective randomized trials, MIBC is treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) (2-4).
Critically Reading a Middle School STEM Project through a Gender Lens

This study is situated within a larger research project that looked at the self-regulation cycle of middle school students who were taught to create their own serious educational games about science. The purpose of the current analysis was to use a gender lens to “critically read” a theme that emerged during the larger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) project. Using a critical literacy framework enabled the researchers to better understand the structures that have complicated female participation in the science field, and specifically in the world of gaming as an access point into the science field. Taken together, findings showed a reluctance on the part of the students to engage in conversation related to sociopolitical issues. Specifically, students were reluctant to disrupt the commonplace stereotypes and assumptions that were woven into the alpha gaming platform developed by a gaming company for the larger study. Implications from these findings suggest that creating an inclusive environment in STEM is complex due to a host of messages, images, experiences, and barriers with which females (and males) must contend. Schools can provide the space to begin addressing these issues in order to move the field toward gender inclusivity. The current findings have similar implications for other populations that are under-represented in STEM fields, including persons with disabilities.
Depression in Women

Abstract Prevalence of depression is twice as high in women as in men and has a high comorbidity with other disease states, making depression pervasive and debilitating for women. The chapter below is devoted to the biological underpinnings of depression in women and how treatments interact with these variables. Sex differences in the incidence of depression occur with the onset of puberty and end with menopause, suggesting a prominent role for sex steroids in vulnerability to depression. Stress can have sex-specific effects on emotional responsivity and is susceptible to hormonal regulation. With altered hormone cyclicity across the lifespan and increased vulnerability to stress during periods of development, women may be predisposed to depression. The variation of these biological and environmental mechanisms across the population complicates the etiology of depression and necessitates dedication to investigating this disease in females.
Plasmonic metasurfaces for sensing, typing, and killing of pathogens

In this paper, we show that plasmonic nanostructures, aka, metasurfaces, have robust performance in killing bacteria via the photothermal mechanism. Due to the highly enhanced local electric field, they can simultaneously provide impressive electric field enhancement for molecular sensing using various spectroscopic techniques.
Using Non-Contact Imaging Photoplethysmography to Recover Diurnal Patterns in Heart Rate

Daily patterns in cardiovascular signals can reveal important information about physiological processes, health and well-being. Traditionally, contact sensors have been used to collect longitudinal data of this kind. However, recent advances in non-contact imaging techniques have led to algorithms that can be used to measure vital signs unobtrusively. Imaging methods are highly scalable due to the availability of webcams and computing devices making them attractive for longitudinal, in-situ measurement. Using a software tool we captured over 1,000 hours of non-contact heart rate measurements, via imaging photoplethysmography. Using these data we were able to recover diurnal patterns in heart rate during the working day. Non-contact sensing techniques hold much promise but also raise ethical issues that need to be addressed seriously within the biomedical engineering community.
An innovative experiential interprofessional education activity using physical therapy students to teach medical students how to safely handle patients

Abstract Safe patient handling is important for preventing neuromusculoskeletal strain and injuries in healthcare workers and in patients. Physical Therapists often use their knowledge of proper body mechanics, ergonomic safety, injury and fall prevention to train members of the multidisciplinary health care team in safe patient handling and movement. In order to be effective educators and design appropriate training programs, physical therapists need to be knowledgeable about other healthcare team members’ job duties and work environments. When medical students begin clinical rotations they are confronted with the task of assisting patients to move from the interview chair to the exam table or helping a bedridden patient sit up on the side of the bed and then stand, but these skills are rarely if ever included in the medical curriculum. In order to introduce medical students to safe patient handling and movement techniques we designed a novel experiential interprofessional education (IPE) session in which physical therapy students developed teaching materials and taught medical students how to safely manage patient mobility from bed to standing to chair and from exam table to and from chair. After a single 90-min session, the medical students demonstrated improved knowledge and confidence in safe patient handling and movement skills. In addition, both groups of students interacted professionally and learned about each other's disciplines.
Low E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression correlates with increased spontaneous and artificial lung metastases of murine carcinomas.

This study examined the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin or β-catenin in murine adenocarcinomas and their hematogenous metastatic propensity, assessed by both spontaneous and artificial lung metastasis. Seven different carcinomas, syngeneic to C3Hf/Kam mice were used: 4 mammary carcinomas (MCa-4, MCa-29, MCa-35, and MCa-K), ovarian carcinoma OCa-I, hepatocarcinoma HCa-I, and adenosquamous carcinoma ACa-SG. These tumors vary widely in their ability to spontaneously metastasize to the lung (from 0 to 100% metastatic incidence), and their cells greatly differ in their ability to form artificial lung nodules when injected i.v. Primary tumors in the leg were assessed for E-cadherin and β-catenin expression by western botting. The expression of both proteins showed wide variation among the tumors; however, the expression of E–cadherin correlated well with that of β-catenin. There was significant inverse correlation between the expression of E-cadherin, as well as β-catenin, and the incidence of both spontaneous and artificial lung metastases from these tumors. Spontaneous metastases of highly metastatic HCa-I and moderately metastatic MCa-35 were significantly lower in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression than their corresponding primary tumors were. Thus, the propensity of murine carcinomas for hematogenous spread is highly related to E-cadherin and β-catenin levels in primary tumors. The inverse correlation between the expression of these molecules and spontaneous and artificial metastases implies that tumor cells with low E-cadherin and β-catenin content have increased ability to enter the vascular circulation at the primary tumor site and to colonize distant tissues.
Evidence-based crisis standards of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in a pandemic.

Abstract Background & purpose Pandemics such as COVID-19 can lead to severe shortages in healthcare resources, requiring the development of evidence-based Crisis Standard of Care (CSC) protocols. A protocol that limits the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) to events that are more likely to result in a positive outcome can lower hospital burdens and reduce emergency medical services resources and infection risk, although it would come at the cost of lives lost that could otherwise be saved. Our primary objective was to evaluate candidate OHCA CSC protocols involving known predictors of survival and identify the protocol that results in the smallest resource burden, as measured by the number of hospitalizations required per favorable OHCA outcome achieved. Our secondary objective was to describe the effects of the CSC protocols in terms of health outcomes and other measures of resource burden. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database. Non-traumatic OHCA events from 2018 were included (n = 79,533). Candidate CSC protocols involving combinations of known predictors of good survival for OHCA were applied to the existing dataset to measure the resulting numbers of resuscitation attempts, transportations to hospital, hospital admissions, and favorable neurological outcomes. These outcomes were also assessed under Standard Care, defined as no CSC protocol applied to the data. Results The CSC protocol with the smallest number of hospitalizations per survivor with a favorable neurological outcome was that an OHCA resuscitation should only be attempted if the arrest was witnessed by emergency medical services or the first monitored rhythm was shockable (number of hospitalizations: 2.26 [95% CI: 2.21–2.31] vs. 3.46 [95% CI: 3.39–3.53] under Standard Care). This rule resulted in significant reductions in resource utilization (46.1% of hospitalizations and 29.2% of resuscitation attempts compared to Standard Care) while still preserving 70.5% of the favorable neurological outcomes under Standard Care. For every favorable neurological outcome lost under this CSC protocol, 6.3 hospital beds were made free that could be used to treat other patients. Conclusion In a pandemic scenario, pre-hospital CSC protocols that might not otherwise be considered have the potential to greatly improve overall survival, and this study provides an evidence-based approach towards selecting such a protocol. As this study was performed using data generated before the COVID-19 pandemic, future studies incorporating pandemic-era data will further help develop evidence-based CSC protocols.
Integrating protein copy numbers with interaction networks to quantify stoichiometry in mammalian endocytosis

Abstract Proteins that drive processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) are expressed at various copy numbers within a cell, from hundreds (e.g. auxilin) to millions (e.g. clathrin). Between cell types with identical genomes, copy numbers further vary significantly both in absolute and relative abundance. These variations contain essential information about each protein’s function, but how significant are these variations and how can they be quantified to infer useful functional behavior? Here, we address this by quantifying the stoichiometry of proteins involved in the CME network. We find robust trends across three cell types in proteins that are sub- vs super-stoichiometric in terms of protein function, network topology (e.g. hubs), and abundance. To perform this analysis, we first constructed the interface resolved network of 82 proteins involved in CME in mammals, plus lipid and cargo binding partners, totaling over 600 specific binding interactions. Our model solves for stoichiometric balance by optimizing each copy of a protein interface to match up to its partner interfaces, keeping the optimized copies as close as possible to observed copies. We find highly expressed, structure-forming proteins such as actin and clathrin do tend to be super-stoichiometric, or in excess of their partners, but they are not the most extreme cases. We test sensitivity of network stoichiometry to protein removal and find that hub proteins tend to be less sensitive to removal of any single partner, thus acting as buffers that compensate dosage changes. As expected, tightly coupled protein pairs (e.g. CAPZA2 and CAPZB) are strongly correlated. Unexpectedly, removal of functionally similar cargo adaptor proteins produces widely variable levels of disruption to the network stoichiometry. Our results predict that knockdown of the adaptor protein DAB2 will globally impact the stoichiometry of most other cargo adaptor proteins in Hela cells, with significantly less impact in fibroblast cells. This inexpensive analysis can be applied to any protein network, synthesizing disparate sources of biological data into a relatively simple and intuitive model of binding stoichiometry that can aid in dynamical modeling and experimental design.
Developing an inclusive Safe Dates program for sexual and gender minority adolescents: A pilot study.

Abstract Introduction Despite the prevalence and negative consequences of dating violence among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents, few prevention programs address dating violence for these groups. We describe the adaptation of the evidence-based Safe Dates dating violence prevention program to be inclusive of SGM adolescents and the outcome of a pilot trial of the expanded curriculum implemented in mixed settings serving both SGM and cisgender, heterosexual youth. Methods Following a published framework of curriculum adaptation, we gathered information on SGM adolescents’ needs and adapted Safe Dates materials to address SGM-specific risk factors for, and manifestations of, dating violence. We piloted the adapted program in 11 US schools and organizations serving SGM and cisgender, heterosexual youth (N = 156). The average age of participants was 15.11 years (SD = 2.76) at baseline. Participants were diverse with respect to race/ethnicity (26% Black/African American, 24% Hispanic/Latino, 21% White, 7% American Indian/Native Alaskan, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander), gender (56% female), and SGM status (35% SGM). Multi-level models measured change in scores on a written measure of dating violence knowledge from pre-test to post-test. Results Dating violence knowledge increased significantly. Improvements did not differ by gender (female-identified versus not female-identified) or SGM status. Conclusions Results support initial feasibility and efficacy of dating violence prevention programs that include both SGM and cisgender, heterosexual adolescents. The program normalizes diverse SGM identities and encourages participation of youth who are questioning or choosing not to disclose their gender or sexual identities. Larger-scale research should examine effects on dating violence experiences.
Toward a Focused Conceptualization of Collateral Consequences Among Individuals Who Sexually Offend: A Systematic Review:

Despite speculation regarding the role of collateral consequences of sexual offender policies in psychosocial and criminogenic outcomes, there has been no empirical analysis in the extant literatur...
Clinical response to dabrafenib plus trametinib in a pediatric ganglioglioma with BRAF p.T599dup mutation

In this follow-up report, we present updated information regarding a previously reported pediatric patient with a World Health Organization grade I ganglioglioma harboring a BRAF p.T599dup mutation (Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 4: a002618). This patient, based on our initial finding, is receiving combination targeted therapy with a selective BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib) plus MEK inhibitor (trametinib). The combination therapy was started after the patient experienced progressive tumor growth and worsening neurological symptoms, including visual changes, headaches, and peripheral neuropathy, despite 9 months of treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy (vinblastine). The patient has been receiving dabrafenib plus trametinib for 15 months and continues to have stable disease as well as improved neurological symptoms. Although combinatorial therapy targeting BRAF and MEK using dabrafenib and trametinib, respectively, is indicated for tumors harboring a BRAF p.V600E/K mutation, our report demonstrates efficacy of this combination in a non-V600E BRAF-mutated tumor. The identification of BRAF alterations may assist clinicians in determining alternative targeted treatment strategies, especially considering the paucity of effective treatments for primary brain tumors and the poor prognosis associated with many central nervous system (CNS) diagnoses. Additional case studies or larger cohort reports will continue to clarify the efficacy of BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors in patients whose tumors harbor a BRAF alteration.
Management dilemmas in acute ischemic stroke and concomitant acute pulmonary embolism: Case series and literature review.

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are common disorders with high morbidity and mortality, rarely presenting simultaneously. There is a paucity of data regarding the management of this uncommon presentation. The treatment of these two entities is complex in the acute phase due to the concomitant need for thrombolysis in AIS and anticoagulation for PE. Methods We retrospectively reviewed confirmed ischemic stroke cases to identify patients presented with simultaneous PE from June 2018 to May 2019. Additionally, a literature review was performed. Two reviewers assessed the manuscripts' quality, and relevant data regarding clinical course and management was extracted. Results We reviewed 439 patient charts, identifying two cases of concomitant AIS and PE. Additionally, twelve articles (n = 15 subjects) fulfilled our literature review criteria for a total of 17 cases, including ours. Intravenous anticoagulation (70.5%) was the most frequent intervention targeting both disorders. Therapies such as intravenous thrombolysis (23.53% (n = 4)) and mechanical thrombectomy (23.53% (n = 4)) were specific in AIS. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (5.88%) was used for PE. Clinical outcomes were favorable (asymptomatic or mild disable symptoms) in 47.05% (N = 8) of patients, while 41.17% had poor outcomes (severe disable symptoms or death). Conclusions AIS and PE stand for a challenge when they present simultaneously. The evaluation of risks and benefits of therapies such as intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and catheter-directed-thrombolysis in the clinical context is essential. According to our review, the ischemic stroke burden guides systemic anticoagulation decisions over interventional procedures when the hemodynamic status remains unaffected.
Gene Expression Response to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Transmission in M. cavernosa and O. faveolata From Florida

Since 2014, corals within Florida's Coral Reef have been dying at an unprecedented rate due to stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD). Here we describe the transcriptomic outcomes of three different SCTLD transmission experiments performed at the Smithsonian Marine Station and Mote Marine Laboratory between 2019 and 2020 on the corals Orbicella faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa. Overall, diseased O. faveolata had 2194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with healthy colonies, whereas diseased M. cavernosa had 582 DEGs compared with healthy colonies. Many significant DEGs were implicated in immunity, extracellular matrix rearrangement, and apoptosis. These included, but not limited to, peroxidases, collagens, Bax-like, fibrinogen-like, protein tyrosine kinase, and transforming growth factor beta. A gene module was identified that was significantly correlated to disease transmission. This module possessed many apoptosis and immune genes with high module membership indicating that a complex apoptosis and immune response is occurring in corals during SCTLD transmission. Overall, we found that O. faveolata and M. cavernosa exhibit an immune, apoptosis, and tissue rearrangement response to SCTLD. We propose that future studies should focus on examining early time points of infection, before the presence of lesions, to understand the activating mechanisms involved in SCTLD.
Common animal models lack a distinct glenoid labrum: a comparative anatomy study.

Development and validation of an animal model of labral healing would facilitate translation of novel surgical and biological strategies to improve glenolabral healing. The purpose of this study was to characterize the anatomic and histological properties of the shoulder labrum in rat, rabbit, dog, pig, goat, and humans. Given the demonstrated similarities in size and structural morphology in other joints, it was hypothesized that the goat glenoid with surrounding capsulolabral complex would most closely resemble that of humans in terms of dimensions and structure, as observed grossly and histologically. Cadaveric glenohumeral joints from rats (n = 8), New Zealand white rabbits (n = 13), Mongrel dogs (n = 9), Spanish goats (n = 10), Yorkshire pigs (n = 10), and humans (n = 9) were freshly harvested. Photographs were taken of the glenoid with its surrounding capsulolabral complex. Linear dimensions of the glenoid articular surface were measured. It was determined where the capsulolabral complex was continuous with, or recessed from, the articular glenoid surface. The glenoid was divided into 6 equal segments radiating out toward 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 o’clock positions. Samples were sectioned and stained with Safranin O/Fast green and Mallory Trichrome. Insertion of the capsulolabral tissue onto the glenoid was qualitatively assessed and compared with gross morphology. Dimensions of the goat glenoid most closely paralleled dimensions of the human glenoid. A capsulolabral complex was continuous with the glenoid surface from ~ 9 to 12 o’clock in the rats, 7 to 12 o’clock in rabbits, 5 to 12 o’clock in the dogs, and 9 to 12 o’clock in goats, 6 to 12 o’clock in pigs, and 2 to 8 o’clock in humans. In contrast to humans, no other species demonstrated an organized fibrocartilaginous labrum either macroscopically or histologically. The animals in the present study did not possess a discrete fibrocartilaginous labrum by gross or histological evaluation, as directly compared to humans. While models using these animals may be acceptable for examining other shoulder pathologies, they are not adequate to evaluate labral pathology. Basic Science Study; Anatomy and Histology; Cadaveric Animal Model.
Old Age Pensions

In Chapter 6, I pointed out that it was by no means obvious that the generalization of welfare programs from the poor to the entire population, orginally carried out by Bismarck, either does help or was intended to help the poor. In this chapter and the next I am going to discuss one particular example of this generalization: the social security system for old age pensions, which is indeed the example that is most relevant to most Americans because it is the only one that we have adopted in full. In order to discuss it in an orderly way. I am going to start with a very simple model invented by Paul Samuelson129 and then gradually complicate this simple model until we reach something similar to our real world system.