cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phage display cDNA cloning and expression analysis of hydrophobins from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria (Cordyceps) bassiana

Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins that function in a broad range of growth and developmental processes in fungi. They are involved in the formation of aerial structures, the attachment of fungal cells to surfaces, and act in signalling in response to surface cues and pathogenesis. Beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus used as an arthropod biological control agent. To examine the feasibility of using phage display technology to clone cDNAs encoding hydrophobins, biopanning experiments were performed using a variety of affinity resins, including N,N'-diacetylchitobiose-, fucose-, lactose-, maltose- and melibiose-coupled agarose beads. After five rounds of iterative biopanning, cDNAs corresponding to two B. bassiana (class I) hydrophobins were selectively enriched using melibiose- or lactose-coupled agarose beads. Expression analysis revealed that the hyd1 gene was expressed in all samples tested, including aerial conidia, in vitro blastospores, submerged conidia, and cells sporulating on chitin and insect cuticle, with hyd1 expression peaking in growing mycelia. In contrast, the hyd2 gene was not appreciably expressed in any of the single-cell types (aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia), but was constitutively expressed in growing mycelia and when cells were sporulating on chitin and insect cuticle. MS fingerprinting of an approximately 10 kDa protein found in boiling SDS-insoluble, trifluoroacetic acid-soluble extracts from aerial conidia identified the major component of the B. bassiana rodlet layer to be the hyd2 gene product. These results reveal the differential regulation of the isolated hydrophobins and indicate that phage display represents a novel approach to cDNA cloning of hydrophobins.
Controlling thermo-optic response in microresonators using bimaterial cantilevers

We demonstrate a novel platform to control the thermo-optic sensitivity in nanophotonic devices by evanescent coupling of light with bimaterial cantilevers. The cantilever can be designed to provide a negative thermal feedback to passively compensate for the positive thermo-optic effect in the waveguide core. We demonstrate athermal operation over 14 deg in cantilever coupled Silicon ring resonators, limited only by fabrication tolerances. We also show how the same platform can provide positive thermal feedback and overcome the material thermo-optic limit for increasing sensitivity of resonant detectors and thermal imagers.
Application of radio frequency treatments to control insects in in-shell walnuts

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella [L.]), navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella [Walker]), and Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella [Hubner]) are common insect pests in walnuts (Juglans regia [L.]). Currently, exported in-shell walnuts are disinfested using methyl bromide fumigation. Restrictions on methyl bromide use have increased interest in developing alternative postharvest treatments. Radio frequency (RF) heating is such an alternative. Our tests have shown that heating walnuts with radio frequency energy to temperatures lethal to these important insect pests has no negative effects on walnut quality, and may even reduce the susceptibility of walnuts to becoming rancid in storage. Radio frequency treatments provided acceptable rates of heating (5–6 ◦ C min −1 ) for in-shell walnuts to lethal temperatures. Heating walnuts to 55 ◦ C or higher resulted in 100% mortality of fifth instar navel orangeworm, which is the most resistant of the three insect pests. Moisture content of walnuts is an important factor affecting heating rates during radio frequency treatments. The relationship between average moisture content and average heating rate was linear, and the variability in moisture content and heating rates was higher with a higher average moisture content. Radio frequency treatments reduce the moisture content of walnuts. A combined system of radio frequency heating with hot air has the potential to accelerate or even replace batch drying of walnuts in the future. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Genetic Deletion of Myostatin From the Heart Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Heart Failure

Background— Cardiac cachexia is characterized by an exaggerated loss of skeletal muscle, weakness, and exercise intolerance, although the cause of these effects remains unknown. Here, we hypothesized that the heart functions as an endocrine organ in promoting systemic cachexia by secreting peptide factors such as myostatin. Myostatin is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that is known to control muscle wasting. Methods and Results— We used a Cre/loxP system to ablate myostatin (Mstn gene) expression in a cell type-specific manner. As expected, elimination of Mstn selectively in skeletal muscle with a myosin light chain 1f (MLC1f)-cre allele induced robust hypertrophy in all skeletal muscle. However, heart-specific deletion of Mstn with an Nkx2.5-cre allele did not alter baseline heart size or secondarily affect skeletal muscle size, but the characteristic wasting and atrophy of skeletal muscle that typify heart failure were not observed in these heart-specific null mice, indicating...
Anaphoric reference in written narratives of good and poor elementary school writers

The extent to which certain co-referential and structural constraints are reflected in the anaphoric noun phrases of written narratives produced by more and less skilled upper-elementary writers is investigated. To control for co-referential context, subjects wrote about events pictured in two cartoons, constructed so as to afford different opportunities for unambiguous pronoun use. Analyses assess effects of the two co-referential contexts as well as effects of changes in thematic focus on noun phrases. Results indicate that (as predicted) poor writers are relatively insensitive to the constraints of the more difficult coreferential context, but that (unexpectedly) poor writers are as sensitive as good writers to the effects of changes in thematic focus. Possible reasons for these differences are considered.
Fragments of the mantle and crust from beneath the Sierra Nevada batholith: Xenoliths in a volcanic pipe near Big Creek, California

A Miocene volcanic pipe that cuts Cretaceous granodiorite is exposed in the central Sierra Nevada near the town of Big Creek, California. The volcanic magma began its ascent from a mantle source as an alkalic basalt but was extensively contaminated by incorporation and assimilation of silicic plutonic rocks during ascent, resulting in a "pseudo-andesitic" composition. The conduit cut through the entire thickness of the Sierra Nevada batholith, as well as the underlying lower crust and upper mantle, and the magma entrained a diverse, polygenetic assemblage of igneous and metamorphic xenoliths, including peridotites, eclogites and granulites, schists and hornfels, and gabbroids and granitoids. Some xenoliths of the high-grade metamorphic xenolith group are of particular interest in elucidating the nature of the uppermost mantle and crust beneath the Sierra Nevada. Garnet granulites, the most abundant rock type of the mafic high-grade metamorphic assemblage, and eclogites are restricted to the central area of the pipe. These xenoliths are essentially bimineralic, consisting of colorless to pale green clinopyroxene and garnet; eclogites contain brilliant emerald green clinopyroxene. The clinopyroxenes, which have a broad range of compostions [Mg/ (Mg + Fe) = 0.45-0.90], have a >20% jadeite component in eclogites. Garnets also have a range of compositions [Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.30-0.70], with those from eclogites being the most Fe rich. One of the xenoliths contains Ca-rich garnet (grs + adr > 90%). Feldspathic granulites contain plagioclase of An 45-70 , and some lack garnet. Hornblende occurs in some granulites, and a few amphibolites are present. Likely protoliths are ocean-floor basalts for the eclogites and Precambrian limestone for the grossular-clinopyroxene rock. The Big Creek xenoliths attest to the former presence of subducted oceanic lithosphere beneath the western Sierra Nevada.
Probing individual nanoscale organic light-emitting diodes with atomic force electroluminescence microscopy and bridge-enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy

Two recently developed atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques are used to characterize the impedance and charge transport/emission characteristics of individually addressed micro- and nano-scale organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To fabricate independent diodes at this length scale, a suspended silicon nitride membrane shadow mask scheme is employed with semiconductor processing and electron beam lithography. This approach enables the fabrication of individually addressable OLEDs ranging in size from microns down to hundreds of nanometers. Atomic force electroluminescence microscopy (AFEM) and bridge enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy (BE-NIM) are used to characterize these devices. AFEM offers real-time nanometer-scale spatial resolution mapping of simultaneously acquired current, topography, and light emission data while BE-NIM enables real-time impedance spectroscopy studies of functioning OLEDs. These two AFM techniques are shown to be capable of analyzing device-to-device response variations across a broad range of length scales and to provide unique quantification of intra-array device variations.
Expression of GP73, A Resident Golgi Membrane Protein, in Viral and Nonviral Liver Disease

GP73 is a novel type II Golgi membrane protein of unknown function that is expressed in the hepatocytes of patients with adult giant-cell hepatitis (Gene 2000;249:53-65). Its expression pattern in human liver disease and the regulation of its expression in hepatocytes have not been systematically studied. The aims of the present study were to compare GP73 protein levels in viral and nonviral human liver disease and in normal livers, to identify its cellular sources, and to study the regulation of its expression in hepatoma cells in vitro. GP73 protein levels were quantitated in explant livers of patients with well-defined disease etiologies and compared with the levels in normal donor livers. GP73-expressing cells were identified immunohistochemically. GP73 expression in vitro was studied by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy in HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells and in the HepG2-derived, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transfected HepG2215 and HepG2T14.1 cell lines. Whole organ levels of GP73 were low in normal livers. Significant increases were found in liver disease due to viral causes (HBV, HCV) or nonviral causes (alcohol-induced liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis). In normal livers, GP73 was constitutively expressed by biliary epithelial cells but not by hepatocytes. Hepatocyte expression of GP73 was dramatically up-regulated in diseased livers, regardless of the etiology, whereas biliary epithelial cell expression did not change appreciably. GP73 was present at high levels in HepG2215 cells (a cell line that supports active HBV replication), but was absent in HepG2T14.1 cells (an HBV-transfected cell line that does not support HBV replication) and in HBV-free HepG2 cells. In SK-Hep-1 cells, GP73 expression was increased in response to interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and inhibited by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In conclusion, increased expression of GP73 in hepatocytes appears to be a general feature of advanced liver disease, and may be regulated via distinct pathways that involve hepatotropic viruses or cytokines. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;35:1431-1440.)
General Formulas for Least Squares Reduction of Zeeman Data

A least squares analysis is applied to the reduction of complete and incomplete Zeeman patterns. The resulting general formulas provide a simple systematic computation of the “best values” of the Lande g factors and a measure of their precision.
The mouse gp49 family

gp49A and gp49Bl are the products of highly homologous genes and are expressed in na ve animals on mast cells and macrophages. Expression is inducible on natural killer (NK) cells by culture in interleukin (IL)-2 in vitro or viral infection in vivo. gp49B 1 contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITlMs) in its cytoplasmic domain and inhibits mast cell and NK cell activation. The ITIMs are necessary to recruit the cytosolic, src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, and active enzyme is required for inhibition of mast cell activation by gp49Bl. gp49A bears neither ITIMs, known activation motifs, nor sequences that promote association with other activating molecules. However, gp49A can function as an activating receptor by dimerizing and migrating to lipid rafts, which are enriched for signal transducing molecules. In addition to the gp49s, mast cells express activating and inhibitory receptors of the Paired Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptor (PIR) and IgG-Fc receptor (FcγR) families, suggesting that mast cell activation is regulated by a more intricate network of inhibitory and activating signals than previously appreciated.
Combinatorial DNA rearrangement facilitates the origin of new genes in ciliates

Programmed genome rearrangements in the unicellular eukaryote Oxytricha trifallax produce a transcriptionally active somatic nucleus from a copy of its germline nucleus during development. This process eliminates noncoding sequences that interrupt coding regions in the germline genome, and joins over 225,000 remaining DNA segments, some of which require inversion or complex permutation to build functional genes. This dynamic genomic organization permits some single DNA segments in the germline to contribute to multiple, distinct somatic genes via alternative processing. Like alternative mRNA splicing, the combinatorial assembly of DNA segments contributes to genetic variation and facilitates the evolution of new genes. In this study, we use comparative genomic analysis to demonstrate that the emergence of alternative DNA splicing is associated with the origin of new genes. Short duplications give rise to alternative gene segments that are spliced to the shared gene segments. Alternative gene segments evolve faster than shared, constitutive segments. Genes with shared segments frequently have different expression profiles, permitting functional divergence. This study reports alternative DNA splicing as a mechanism of new gene origination, illustrating how the process of programmed genome rearrangement gives rise to evolutionary innovation.
Bovine Somatotropin: Physiology, Lactational Responses and Implications for the Dairy Industry1

Summary Somatotropin is a polypeptide hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It consists of 191 amino acids and its molecular weight is 22,000. Blood concentrations of somatotropin reflect balances between release, degradation and binding to receptors. Somatotropin release is under the control of two hypothalamic polypeptides: somatotropin releasing factor and somatostatin. Administration of releasing factor and immunization against somatostatin may be alternatives to exogenous somatotropin for increasing production and efficiency. Somatotropin increases mild yield by 10 to 40% without affecting milk composition so long as the feeding program provides adequate energy and protein. Additional nutrients are derived from increased feed consumption and by diversion from body tissues to milk synthesis. Lactational efficiency is improved by diluting maintenance requirements and by directing absorbed nutrients to milk. Somatotropin causes a major redirection of nutrients from tissues to milk synthesis but mechanisms are not understood well. Somatotropin probably does not act upon the mammary gland directly. Some of the response may be mediated by somatomedins or other polypeptide hormones. Management and nutrition will determine whether improvements possible with somatotropin are realized. Diets normally fed during the early stages of the lactation cycle will be fed for longer periods. In order to gain acceptance, somatotropin must not compromise animal health, milk quality or the safety of milk for human consumption. Impacts upon DHIA records and sire-proofing will depend on how rapidly and widely somatotropin is used. Wide-spread adoption will mean that records will simply be raised to new levels. Sire-proofing will need to be monitored closely to detect abuses. Increased milk yields mean that fewer cows will be needed. Technological advances in the last 25 years have decreased the cow population and number of farms. This trend will continue even if somatotropin is not available commercially. Some dairymen may use somatotropin to maintain total production with fewer cows. In general, larger farms realise greater financial returns from favorable opportunities than smaller farms. However, the expected impact of not adopting somatotropin technology is decreased probability of survival and lower financial performance of both large and small farms.
Genome Sequence of Elizabethkingia anophelis Strain EaAs1, Isolated from the Asian Malaria Mosquito Anopheles stephensi.

ABSTRACT We sequenced the genome of a strain of the Gram-negative bacterial species Elizabethkingia anophelis, which is an important component of the Anopheles mosquito microbiome. This genome sequence will add to the list of resources used to examine host-microbe interactions in mosquitoes.
The concept of desert in distributive justice

L'A. esquisse d'abord le cadre conceptuel de la desertion: ce n'est pas un concept defini interieurement, mais un concept qui requiert des valeurs et des objectifs externes pour sa determination. Ensuite, il explore l'analyse de la desertion dans le contexte des debats a propos de la justice distributive
Optical Limiting in Chromophore-Doped Gelatin Thin Films

To develop optical power limiting thin films prepared from water-soluble materials, we have prepared chromophore-doped gelatin thin films. Thin films of gelatin were prepared by spin coating followed by annealing. We also prepared thin films doped with the water-soluble chromophore copper phthalocyanine sodium tetrasulfonate. The films were characterized by film profilometry and optical absorption spectroscopy. Optical power limiting measurements of these films, as well as comparisons with aqueous solution and gels were performed.
Type A-B behavior and the premenstrual syndrome.

To measure the relationship between Type A-B behavior and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), 88 women volunteers responded to the Glass version of the Jenkins Activity Survey and the PMS Symptoms Checklist. Consistent with the hypothesis, Type A women reported that they experienced about 50% more symptoms of PMS than the Type B women.
Influence from representations of others’ responses: social priming meets social influence

The Representation and Incorporation of Close Others’ Responses model (RICOR; Smith and Mackie, 2015 [ 1 •• ]) proposes that social influence occurs because (1) people naturally and spontaneously construct mental representations of others’ responses or experiences (their beliefs, emotions, attitudes, or behaviors) and (2) those representations are then spontaneously and unknowingly incorporated (via parallel constraint satisfaction processes) into the perceiver's own responses. Psychological closeness (conceptualized as self-other overlap) is a powerful moderator of these processes, with the reactions of close others (those with interpersonal or group connections) more likely to be represented, and their representations more likely to be unknowingly incorporated, compared to strangers or outgroup others. Emerging empirical evidence supporting the model is reviewed and implications of the model for traditional approaches to influence are discussed.
20 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR ACTIVITY, 4G5G POLYMORPHISM OF THE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI-1) GENE, AND FIRST-TRIMESTER MISCARRIAGE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME.

We assessed whether hypofibrinolytic plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-Fx) was independently associated with first-trimester miscarriage in 430 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who had previous pregnancies. We hypothesized that Glucophage optimizes live births in women with PCOS by lowering PAI-Fx before conception and further lowering PAI-Fx in the first trimester of pregnancy. We also assessed whether PAI-Fx levels were independently related to PAI-1 genotype and to modifiable risk factors, BMI, insulin, and triglyceride (TG). By stepwise logistic regression with the dependent variable being previous pregnancy outcomes at 3 levels (live birth pregnancies only [n = 208], both one or more 1 live births and $ one or more first-trimester miscarriages [n = 111] or first-trimester miscarriages only [n = 71]), and explanatory variables PAI-1 genotype, PAI-Fx, insulin, HOMA IR, BMI, and TG, PAI-Fx was positively associated with first-trimester miscarriage, p = .004. For each 5 IU/mL increment in PAI-Fx, the risk being in an adverse first-trimester miscarriage category increased, odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.20. Prospectively, from pretreatment to the last preconception visit on Glucophage, in 30 women who subsequently had live births, PAI-Fx fell 44% but rose 19% in 23 women with first-trimester miscarriage, p = .03. In the 30 women with live birth pregnancies, median PAI-Fx fell continuously from pretreatment through the first trimester (from 16.8 to 6.7 IU/mL), while PAI-Fx was either unchanged or rose in women with first-trimester miscarriage. Of the 921 PCOS women who had 4G5G data, 718 (78%) had 4G4G-4G5G genotypes vs 87/126 (69%) normal female controls (x2 = 4.95, p = .026). The 4G-allele frequency was 53% in PCOS women vs 46% in controls (x2 = 4.3, p = .04). By stepwise regression, positive independent determinants of PAI-Fx included BMI (partial R2 = 10.6%, p
Occupational Health Supervision on Workers of An Automobile Factory in Chengdu in 2008

Objective To know health status of workers contacting occupational hazard in automobile manufacture industry,to confirm key controlling points of hazard factors and key supervised crowd,as well as to provide specific improving countermeasure.Methods In 2008,physical check-up of workers contacting occupational hazards in a Chengdu automobile factory and field supervision of hazard factors were made on the basis of investigation of field hygiene in working sites.Results Among 229 workers contacting benzene,2 with chronic mild benzene poisoning were checked out and another 5 were treated as observed objects concerning benzene working,and the detectable rates were separately 0.9% and 2.2%.Among 257 welding workers,2 with occupational contraindications(pulmonary emphysema companied with a mild injury of lung function) and 3 with increased lung markings,who would be rechecked up,and the detectable rates were separately 0.8% and 1.2%.Audition decline was not detected in 63 pressing workers.Conclusion The key controlling points of hazard factors of that factory are workshops of spray-painting and welding,and the key supervised crowd is painting worker and welding worker in that factory.
Reticulostimulating Properties of Killed Vaccines of Anaerobic Coryneforms and Other Organisms

Vaccines prepared from 115 strains of anaerobic coryneforms and other organisms were tested in mice for their reticulostimulating ability as judged by the degree of spleen hypertrophy produced after ip injection. Almost all vaccines caused a statistically significant increase in spleen weight, but the ability to produce spleen ratios (test mean wt:control mean wt) of 4 or more was confined to Propionibacterium acnes and P. avidum strains. P. acnes, type II, gave high spleen ratios more frequently than strains of any other type.
Follow up of men post-prostatectomy: who is responsible?

Introduction Men living with prostate cancer represent a large, at-risk population deserving access to comprehensive follow-up services stemming from chronic aspects of living with the disease. Current research about the quality and accessibility of prostate cancer follow-up services is limited. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the patient, provider, and health plan characteristics speculated to influence prostate cancer follow-up care. Method A cross-sectional descriptive study of men living with prostate cancer, treated by radical prostatectomy within the past 3 to 5 years was conducted. Subjects were surveyed regarding follow-up care, type of providers visited, current health status, late-term effects, health behaviors, and health plan requirements. Data obtained analyzed associations among patient, provider, and health plan characteristics in relation to the use of post-prostatectomy follow-up services. Results Post-prostatectomy, all men participated in follow-up visits to a cancer care provider (urologist) and were monitored for recurrence by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Fewer men had rectal examinations performed. For nearly half of the men, the general medical provider duplicated the PSA test, indicating a lack of coordination among providers. Almost all men had health insurance; no subjects identified barriers to care because of health plan rules or out-of-pocket expenses. Persistent late effects included urinary incontinence (60%) and erectile dysfunction (71.9%). No significant associations were found among patient, provider, and health plan characteristics to their utilization. Conclusions In this study, men living with prostate cancer post-prostatectomy received ongoing follow-up health care, some of which was duplicated. Most experienced late adverse effects and many had other health problems. Nurses are uniquely positioned to assume a central role in promoting access to comprehensive, non- duplicative post-prostatectomy follow-up care. Additionally, nurses can provide effective counseling, advocacy, and education for men living with prostate cancer.
Rapid scale-up of negative emissions technologies: social barriers and social implications

Negative emissions technologies have garnered increasing attention in the wake of the Paris target to curb global warming to 1.5 °C. However, much of the literature on carbon dioxide removal focuses on technical feasibility, and several significant social barriers to scale-up of these technologies have been glossed over. This paper reviews the existing literature on the social implications of rapidly ramping up carbon dioxide removal. It also explores the applicability of previous empirical social science research on intersecting topics, with examples drawn from research on first- and second-generation biofuels and forest carbon projects. Social science fieldwork and case studies of land use change, agricultural and energy system change, and technology adoption and diffusion can help in both anticipating the social implications of emerging negative emissions technologies and understanding the factors that shape trajectories of technological development. By integrating empirical research on public and producer perceptions, barriers to adoption, conditions driving new technologies, and social impacts, projections about negative emissions technologies can become more realistic and more useful to climate change policymaking.
Expanded 3D Nanofiber Scaffolds: Cell Penetration, Neovascularization, and Host Response

Herein, a robust method to fabricate expanded nanofiber scaffolds with controlled size and thickness using a customized mold during the modified gas-foaming process is reported. The expansion of nanofiber membranes is also simulated using a computational fluid model. Expanded nanofiber scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in rats show cellular infiltration, whereas non-expanded scaffolds only have surface cellular attachment. Compared to unexpanded nanofiber scaffolds, more CD68+ and CD163+ cells are observed within expanded scaffolds at all tested time points post-implantation. More CCR7+ cells appear within expanded scaffolds at week 8 post-implantation. In addition, new blood vessels are present within the expanded scaffolds at week 2. The formed multinucleated giant cells within expanded scaffolds are heterogeneous expressing CD68, CCR7, or CD163 markers. Together, the present study demonstrates that the expanded nanofiber scaffolds promote cellular infiltration/tissue integration, a regenerative response, and neovascularization after subcutaneous implantation in rats. The use of expanded electrospun nanofiber scaffolds offers a promising method for in situ tissue repair/regeneration and generation of 3D tissue models/constructs.
Mining Discriminative Patterns to Predict Health Status for Cardiopulmonary Patients

Smartphones are ubiquitous now, but it is still unclear what physiological functions they can monitor at clinical quality. Pulmonary function is a standard measure of health status for cardiopulmonary patients. We have shown that predictive models can accurately classify cardiopulmonary conditions from healthy status, as well as different severity levels within cardiopulmonary disease, the GOLD stages. Here we propose several universal models to monitor cardiopulmonary conditions, including DPClass, a novel learning approach we designed. We carefully prepare motion dataset covering status from GOLD 0 (healthy), GOLD 1 (mild), GOLD 2 (moderate), all the way to GOLD 3 (severe). Sixty-six subjects participate in this study. After de-identification, their walking data are applied to train the predictive models. The RBF-SVM model yields the highest accuracy while the DPClass model provides better interpretation of the model mechanisms. We not only provide promising solutions to monitor health status by simply carrying a smartphone, but also demonstrate how demographics influences predictive models of cardiopulmonary disease.
Perceptron learning for reuse prediction

The disparity between last-level cache and memory latencies motivates the search for efficient cache management policies. Recent work in predicting reuse of cache blocks enables optimizations that significantly improve cache performance and efficiency. However, the accuracy of the prediction mechanisms limits the scope of optimization. This paper proposes perceptron learning for reuse prediction. The proposed predictor greatly improves accuracy over previous work. For multi- programmed workloads, the average false positive rate of the proposed predictor is 3.2%, while sampling dead block prediction (SDBP) and signature-based hit prediction (SHiP) yield false positive rates above 7%. The improvement in accuracy translates directly into performance. For single-thread workloads and a 4MB lastlevel cache, reuse prediction with perceptron learning enables a replacement and bypass optimization to achieve a geometric mean speedup of 6.1%, compared with 3.8% for SHiP and 3.5% for SDBP on the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks. On a memory-intensive subset of SPEC, perceptron learning yields 18.3% speedup, versus 10.5% for SHiP and 7.7% for SDBP. For multi- programmed workloads and a 16MB cache, the proposed technique doubles the efficiency of the cache over LRU and yields a geometric mean normalized weighted speedup of 7.4%, compared with 4.4% for SHiP and 4.2% for SDBP.
Towards high-reliability organising in healthcare: a strategy for building organisational capacity

In a high-reliability organisation (HRO), safety and quality (SQ) is an organisational priority, and all workforce members are engaged, continuously learning and improving their work. To build organisational capacity for SQ work, we have developed a role-tailored capacity-building framework that we are currently employing at the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality as part of an organisational strategy towards HRO. This framework considers organisation-wide competencies for SQ that includes all staff and faculty and is integrated into a broader organisation-wide operating management system for improving quality. In this framework, achieving safe, high-quality care is connected to healthcare workforce preparedness. Capacity-building efforts are tailored to the needs of distinct groups within the workforce that fall within three categories: (1) front-line providers and staff, (2) managers and local improvement personnel and (3) SQ leaders and experts. In this paper we describe this framework, our implementation efforts to date, challenges met and lessons learnt.
Impact of Weak Agostic Interactions in Nickel Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation

To understand how H2 binding and oxidation is influenced by [Ni(PR2NR′2)2]2+ catalysts with H2 binding energies close to thermoneutral, two [Ni(PPh2NR′2)2]2+ (R = Me, C14H29) complexes with phenyl substituents on phosphorus and varying alkyl chain lengths on the pendant amine were studied. In the solid state, [Ni(PPh2NMe2)2]2+ exhibits a weak agostic interaction between the Ni(II) center and the a C–H bond of the pendant N–CH3 group. DFT computations and variable-temperature 31P NMR experiments suggest that the agostic interaction persists in solution. The equilibrium constants for H2 addition to these complexes were measured by 31P NMR spectroscopy, affording free energies of H2 addition (ΔG°H2) of −0.8 kcal mol–1 in benzonitrile and −1.7 to −2.7 kcal mol–1 in THF. The agostic interaction contributes to the low driving force for H2 binding by stabilizing the four-coordinate Ni(II) species prior to binding of H2. The pseudo-first-order rate constants for addition of H2 (1 atm) were measured by variable-sc...
A monostatic coded aperture reflectometer for imaging at submillimeter-wavelengths

A prototype imaging reflectometer based on the coded aperture technique and operating in the WR-1.5 (500–750 GHz) frequency band is described. Masks for the coded aperture system are realized through optical modulation of the conductivity of a high-resistivity silicon wafer. A network model representation of the imaging system is developed and applied to measuring beam maps of a submillimeter-wave diagonal horn antenna.
Vertical Arbitration-Free 3-D NoCs

The vertical interlayer communication channel plays a critical role in defining the performance of a 3-D network-on-chip (NoC). In this paper, an arbitration-free design for the shared vertical channels is proposed. The proposed vertical arbitration-free 3-D NoC is compared with other 3-D NoC architectures using traditional synthetic traffic patterns and Rentian traffic emulating applications for chip multiprocessors. The results of the analysis show comparable performance in throughput, energy, and latency compared to a symmetric 3-D NoC with savings up to $\approx { 20\%}$ in area. The proposed NoC is superior in performance to a 3-D NoC utilizing vertical arbitration with a similar area footprint.
MYOSITIS AUTOANTIBODIES: AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE, SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE, Mi-2, AND PM-Scl AUTOANTIBODIES

ABSTRACT Certain autoantibodies have been considered “myositis-specific” (MSA) because most patients with them have myositis, including anti-Jo-1 and at least five other anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP), and anti-Mi-2. Anti-PM-Scl is often also considered a myositis autoantibody since 80% of patients have myositis. With occasional exceptions, these autoantibodies tend to be mutually exclusive, have significant clinical associations, and can serve to define subgroups. AaRSs catalyze the binding of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs. SRP targets secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mi-2, a nuclear helicase, is part of a complex involved in transcriptional regulation. PM-Scl is an “exosome”, a group of exoribonucleases involved in RNA processing. The role of autoantibodies in pathogenesis and the reason for the association with myositis are unknown. Significant HLA associations have been found for MSAs, particularly DR3 with anti-Jo-1 and anti-PM-Scl, and DR7 with anti-Mi-2. Anti-Mi-2 had increased and anti-Jo-1 decreased frequency in Mexico and Guatemala than in US populations, and Asian populations have less anti-PM-Scl. Immunodiffusion is useful for the detection of anti-Jo-1, anti-PM-Scl, and anti-Mi-2, but immunoprecipitation for RNA and protein can detect all of the MSAs, along with several other antibodies associated with myositis. ELISA is also used for the detection of anti-Jo-1, anti-PM-Scl, and anti-Mi-2. Anti-Jo-1 and other anti-aaRS are associated with a syndrome of myositis with interstitial lung disease, often accompanied by arthritis, Raynaud's disease and mechanic's hands. Although exceptions occur, anti-SRP is usually associated with polymyositis (PM) with severe weakness and a relative paucity of inflammation by biopsy, anti- Mi-2 with dermatomyositis, and anti-PM-Scl with myositis, scleroderma, or an overlap syndrome of the two. Anti-Mi-2 by ELISA has less dermatomyositis specificity. Their disease and subgroup specificity make the MSAs valuable tools for diagnosis and patient classification.
Pseudovector components of the pion, {pi}{sup 0}{r_arrow}{gamma}{gamma}, and F{sub {pi}}(q{sup 2})

As a consequence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking the pion Bethe-Salpeter amplitude necessarily contains terms proportional to ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\cdot}P$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\cdot}k,$ where $k$ is the relative and $P$ the total momentum of the constituents. These terms are essential for the preservation of low-energy theorems, such as the Gell-Mann--Oakes-Renner relation and those describing anomalous decays of the pion, and to obtaining an electromagnetic pion form factor that falls as ${1/q}^{2}$ for large ${q}^{2},$ up to calculable $\mathrm{ln}{q}^{2}$ corrections. In a simple model, which correlates low- and high-energy pion observables, we find ${q}^{2}{F}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}{(q}^{2})\ensuremath{\sim}0.12--0.19{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ for ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}.$
Speckle and Spatial Coherence

Speckle is a ubiquitous phenomenon that arises during any quasi-monochromatic interrogation of biological specimens, whether by spatial scanning of focused beams or broad-field illumination, and whether using laser sources or low-coherence illumination. It is a direct manifestation of spatial interference among multiple waves that have been scattered or refracted from a complex target sample. Speckle is detrimental to high-resolution optical imaging, and many techniques are applied to mitigate its effects. However, speckle is a form of self interference and hence is intrinsically an interferometric phenomenon, and due to its interferometric sensitivity, speckle carries information from the smallest scales of the target (organelles, membranes, vesicles, etc.) to provide statistical information on subcellular structure and dynamics.
A New Medium Voltage DC Collection Grid for Large Scale PV Power Plants with SiC Devices

In this paper, a new medium voltage DC collection grid method for large-scale PV plants is proposed. An Interleaved Modular Multilevel (IMMC) DC-DC boost converter is proposed in order to enable medium voltage DC power collection grid followed by a central medium voltage class DC-AC inverter for utility interface. The proposed IMMC converter is synthesized with lower voltage half-bridge SiC inverter blocks connected in series to support medium voltage DC conversion. The half-bridge blocks of the IMMC employ SiC switches, along with high frequency PWM operation enable compact size/weight along with high efficiency conversion. Simulation results are shown for 1500V (DC) to 16kV (DC) conversion with four series connected IMMC inverter blocks powered from two PV plants. A power sharing stage is an integral part of the proposed converter. This enable two series connected PV plants to supply unequal power under partial shading conditions. Control of the power sharing stage for varying insolation from PV (1000-500W/m2) due to shading effect is shown. A design example for 1MW PV power plant block based on the specifications derived from Kuwait Shagaya 60MW solar power plant is discussed. Experimental results on scale down laboratory prototype is included in the paper.
Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen Optimization for Cool-Climate Riesling

Adequate yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration is necessary for successful wine fermentation; therefore, supplementing musts with nitrogen (N) is a common industry practice. In the Finger Lakes region of New York, Riesling juice (Vitis vinifera L.) often has YAN concentrations below the 140 mg/L considered a practical minimal limit. However, little research exists that has confirmed N requirements for cool-climate cultivars and conditions. To test the influence of juice N concentration on desirable sensory characteristics, a Riesling juice of 20 Brix and 130 mg/L initial YAN was supplemented with diammonium phosphate to increase YAN to 180, 250, and 300 mg/L. Each supplemented fraction and the unaltered control were inoculated with three different Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains: EC1118 and W15 (Lallemand), and Cote des Blancs (Red Star). The control concentration of 130 mg N/L was enough for these three yeast strains to complete fermentation, and further supplementation improved fermentation kinetics only for EC1118. N supplementation affected the concentration of eight of the 10 select volatile compounds analyzed in at least one of the yeast strains. Of these, the concentration of most esters increased with N supplementation, with the exception of ethyl cinnamate, which decreased. Concentrations of the higher alcohols 1-hexanol and 2-phenylethanol decreased, and decanoic acid increased, with increased N. Linalool and 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, two volatiles associated with “varietal character” in Riesling, were not affected. In a preference-ranking test, sensory panelists preferred the unsupplemented control (130 mg N/L) over the supplementation treatments for wines fermented with EC1118. No difference in preference was found for the W15 and Cote des Blancs treatments.
"Where Are My People at?": A Community Cultural Wealth Analysis of How Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community College Students of Color Access Community and Support.

ABSTRACTPrevious studies about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and similarly-identified (LGBTQ+) college students have overwhelmingly centered White students and students attending four...
Amide-containing α-hydroxytropolones as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus replication.

Abstract The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ribonuclease H (RNaseH) is a promising but unexploited drug target. Here, we synthesized and analyzed a library of 57 amide-containing α-hydroxytropolones (αHTs) as potential leads for HBV drug development. Fifty percent effective concentrations ranged from 0.31 to 54 μM, with selectivity indexes in cell culture of up to 80. Activity against the HBV RNaseH was confirmed in semi-quantitative enzymatic assays with recombinant HBV RNaseH. The compounds were overall poorly active against human ribonuclease H1, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 5.1 to >1,000 μM. The αHTs had modest activity against growth of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but had very limited activity against growth of the Gram - bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram + bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, indicating substantial selectivity for HBV. A molecular model of the HBV RNaseH templated against the Ty3 RNaseH was generated. Docking the compounds to the RNaseH revealed the anticipated binding pose with the divalent cation coordinating motif on the compounds chelating the two Mn++ ions modeled into the active site. These studies reveal that that amide αHTs can be strong, specific HBV inhibitors that merit further assessment toward becoming anti-HBV drugs.
Systemic therapy for advanced gastroesophageal cancers: progress and pitfalls

Advanced gastroesophageal cancer in which surgical resection is no longer appropriate is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. This review provides an overview of the key trials that have led to the current standard of care, both highlighting progress with systemic cytotoxic and biological therapies, but also calling attention to pitfalls to assist practitioners in optimizing currently available treatments for their patients. This review surveys recent and ongoing trials and biomarker studies regarding the use of anti-HER2 agents, with increased recognition of molecular intratumoral heterogeneity confounding such targeted therapy strategies. We conclude with an overview of recent major trials incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors among patients with metastatic and locally advanced gastroesophageal cancer and providing a framework for the discriminate application of these new therapies.
Assessment of Pierce’s Disease Resistant 87.5% Vitis vinifera L. Selections in Central Alabama

Summary Goals: Bunch grape production in the southeastern United States is limited by the endemic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of Pierce’s disease (PD). University of California, Davis-bred PD-resistant 87.5% Vitis vinifera L. winegrape selections represent a new technology that can help sustain the viticulture industry in the southeastern U.S. by reducing pesticide inputs and diversifying grape production. PD-resistant vines were planted to determine viticultural performance and survival in central Alabama. We anticipated our results would indicate whether regional growers could feasibly grow PD-resistant, predominantly V. vinifera winegrapes under humid southeastern U.S. viticulture conditions. Key Findings: All evaluated selections grew vigorously under humid southeastern conditions. U0501-12 produced the highest pruning weight during the 2015 to 2016 period of study. U0502-10 was the most productive selection, as measured by total yield per vine, and had the largest clusters. Harvest soluble solids content was highest for selection U0501-12, while titratable acidity was lowest for U0502-01. All selections broke bud prior to historical late-spring frost-risk dates, although no injury was experienced in the years evaluated. U0502-10 began veraison between one and two months earlier compared to the other selections in both years. U0502-10 was also harvested 70 and 22 days prior to the next selection in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The experimental vines neither exhibited symptoms nor tested positive for PD during vine establishment. Under regional commercial management practices, no vine losses resulted from other pathogens. However, an aggressive disease management strategy will be mandatory to produce consistently clean fruit in the humid southeastern U.S. Impact and Significance: These results indicate grapevines with predominantly V. vinifera background can survive under humid viticulture conditions in central Alabama with the incorporation of alleles for PD resistance. Further research is necessary to refine management practices enabling sustainable production in the southeastern U.S. as PD-resistant grapevine cultivars become commercially available to regional producers.