cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Combined Radiation and Conduction in Evacuated Honeycomb-Cored Panels

Hollands et al. (1984), Platzer (1992), and Hollands and Iynkaran (1993) have posed radiation and conduction heat transfer through honeycomb-cored panels rigorously as a combined mode problem, finding results which compare well with experiments. However, these analyses and their validating experiments are suited only to conditions of constant temperature on the front and backplates of the cored panel. Further, results of these studies are given only as heat transfer coefficients in specific cases, and are not fit into correlations. In this paper a new and fully numerical treatment of combined radiation and conduction through honeycomb-cored panels subject to radiative flux boundary conditions is offered. The effects of front and backplate temperature gradients are included, and are shown to be significant. Through-panel heat flux is correlated with a simple combined mode index, modified by a correction factor. This factor is unity in both radiation and conduction dominated cases, and rises to no more than 1.15 in combined mode cases. The setting addressed in this paper concerns a solar concentrator for use in a space-based power system (Campbell and Jensen, 1994). The concentrator surface is divided into many triangular segments, held together in an overall paraboloid shape by a framework. There aremore » very many of these triangular segments, with the result that the curvature of any one individual segment is slight. Each segment is constructed of honeycomb-cored panel. Temperature differences through the panel resulting from solar incidence on one side and essentially darkness on the other side lead to thermal strains which tend to reduce the curvature of the panel and diffuse the focus of the whole concentrator. This effect is known as thermal defocusing, and the motivation for the present analysis is to identify through-panel temperature differences for use in quantifying the defocusing thermal strains.« less
Redescription of Cryptocotyle thapari McIntosh, 1953 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae), in the River Otter Lutra longicaudis from Bolivia

Abstract Cryptocotyle thapari McIntosh, 1953 (Digenea: Heterophyidae), collected originally from a South American otter that died at the U.S. National Zoo in Washington, D.C., is redescribed from specimens obtained from a river otter, Lutra longicaudis, collected from the Rio Matos in the Departamento de Beni, Bolivia. These individuals of C. thapari are slightly smaller than the type specimens, but they have similar features, including testes arranged in tandem and a well-defined ventrogenital sac. We redescribe this species because the original description was based on only 3 individuals, and the figures lacked detail. This is the first record of Cryptocotyle from any species of Lutra in South America and is the first record from an otter in Bolivia.
Intramolecular proton transfers and structural changes during the photocycle of the LOV2 domain of phototropin 1.

The phototropins are a family of membrane-associated flavoproteins that function as the primary blue light receptors regulating phototropism, chloroplast movements, stomatal opening, and leaf expansion in plants. Phot1, a member of this family, contains two FMN-binding domains, LOV1 and LOV2, within the N-terminal region and a C-terminal serine-threonine protein kinase domain. Light irradiation of oat phot1 LOV2 produces a cysteinyl adduct (Cys-39) at the flavin C(4a) position, which decays thermally back to the dark state. We measured pH and isotope effects on the photocycle. Between pH 3.7 and 9.5, adduct formation showed minimal pH dependence, and adduct decay showed only slight pH dependence, indicating that the pK values of mechanistically relevant groups are outside this range. LOV2 showed a nearly 5-fold slowing of adduct formation in D2O relative to H2O, indicating that the rate-limiting step involves proton transfer(s). Light-induced changes in the far UV CD spectrum of LOV2 revealed putative protein structural perturbations. The light minus dark CD difference spectrum resembles an inverted α-helix spectrum, suggesting that α-helicity is reversibly lost upon light irradiation. Decay kinetics for CD spectral changes in the far UV region occur at the same rate as those in the visible region, indicating synchronous relaxation of protein and chromophore structures.
Formulation and evaluation of biodegradable nanoparticles for the oral delivery of fenretinide

Fenretinide is an anticancer drug with low water solubility and poor bioavailability. The goal of this study was to develop biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles of fenretinide with the intent of increasing its apparent aqueous solubility and intestinal permeability. Three biodegradable polymers were investigated for this purpose: two different poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) polymers, one acid terminated and one ester terminated, and one poly lactide-co-glycolide/polyethylene glycol (PLGA/PEG) diblock copolymer. Nanoparticles were obtained by using an emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The formulations were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analysis. Dissolution studies and Caco-2 cell permeation studies were also carried out for all formulations. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) and ultraviolet detection was used for the quantitative determination of fenretinide. Drug loading and the type of polymer affected the nanoparticles' physical properties, drug release rate, and cell permeability. While the acid terminated PLGA nanoparticles performed the best in drug release, the ester terminated PLGA nanoparticles performed the best in the Caco-2 cell permeability assays. The PLGA/PEG copolymer nanoparticles performed better than the formulations with ester terminated PLGA in terms of drug release but had the poorest performance in terms of cell permeation. All three categories of formulations performed better than the drug alone in both drug release and cell permeation studies.
The data storage grid: the next generation of fault-tolerant storage for backup and disaster recovery of clinical images

Grid Computing represents the latest and most exciting technology to evolve from the familiar realm of parallel, peer-to-peer and client-server models that can address the problem of fault-tolerant storage for backup and recovery of clinical images. We have researched and developed a novel Data Grid testbed involving several federated PAC systems based on grid architecture. By integrating a grid computing architecture to the DICOM environment, a failed PACS archive can recover its image data from others in the federation in a timely and seamless fashion. The design reflects the five-layer architecture of grid computing: Fabric, Resource, Connectivity, Collective, and Application Layers. The testbed Data Grid architecture representing three federated PAC systems, the Fault-Tolerant PACS archive server at the Image Processing and Informatics Laboratory, Marina del Rey, the clinical PACS at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, and the clinical PACS at the Healthcare Consultation Center II, USC Health Science Campus, will be presented. The successful demonstration of the Data Grid in the testbed will provide an understanding of the Data Grid concept in clinical image data backup as well as establishment of benchmarks for performance from future grid technology improvements and serve as a road map for expanded research into large enterprise and federation level data grids to guarantee 99.999 % up time.
Covalent Linking of pH-Sensitive Dye to Fumed Silica

Measuring the blood gases of patients in the intensive care unit or undergoing major surgical procedures in real time would help healthcare providers diagnose and manage base excess and base deficient disorders. Optical fibers provide a platform upon which an intravascular blood gas sensor may be built and has been by various companies. Unfortunately, thrombosis on the sensor surface interferes with the blood gas measurements and also poses the risk of creating emboli. Nitric oxide inhibits platelet adhesion and activation, which can reduce thrombus formation on the sensor surface. An optically based pH sensor is fabricated as a first step to show that nitric oxide can be used with blood gas sensors to reduce thrombosis and not interfere with the measurements. pH sensors fabricated using glass microscope slides suffered from leaching of the dye from the sol-gel matrix. The dye readily leached out when the dye was in its appropriate protonated or deprotonated form. To reduce the leaching of the dye, methods of covalently linking the dye to fumed silica have been investigated, and one is presented here.
Cobaltous Chloride-Induced Hypothermia in Mice III: Effect of Pretreatment with 5-Hydroxytryptaminergic Agents

The influence of various 5-hydroxytryptaminergic agonist and antagonist drugs on body-temperature response to cobaltous chloride in mice was noted. Pretreatment with p-chloroamphetamine, p-chlorophenylalanine, and p-iodoamphetamine antagonized the body-temperature response to cobalt. p-Chloroamphetamine and p-chlorophenylalanine reduced, while p-iodoamphetamine elevated, brain serotonin levels. The uptake inhibitor agents, fluoxetine and nisoxetine, failed to modify the ability of p-chloroamphetamine to antagonize cobalt hypothermia. Cyproheptadine, methergoline, and xylamidine pretreatment enhanced rather than antagonized body-temperature depression by cobalt. Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors antagonized cobalt hypothermia, but receptor-blocking agents were without influence, indicating that antagonism was mediated through mechanisms other than the depletion of serotonin. Elevation rather than depletion of brain serotonin by p-iodoamphetamine and failure of uptake inhibitors to modify p-chloroamphetamine antagonism of cobalt hypothermia lend further support for a nonserotonergic role of these amines in their ability to antagonize body-temperature depression by cobaltous chloride in mice.
Exchange rates, interest rates, and money-stock announcements: a theoretical exposition

Abstract When the Federal Reserve announce a larger than anticipated weekly level of the US money stock (M1) the dollar appreciates and short-term interest rates increase because of an expected liquidity effect, but long-term interest rates and particularly long-run forward interest rates increase because of an expected inflation effect. The two effects are not mutually exclusive but coexist when market participants are not completely sure of the Fed's policy rule, and thus react in a weighted average manner with weights that reflect subjective probabilities about different Federal Reserve money growth policies.
Gastrointestinal Sarcoidosis Diagnosed by Conjunctival Biopsy

Ophthalmologic examination of a 31-year-old black man presenting with an intractable gastric ulcer revealed small conjunctival nodules in the lower cul-desac that were sarcoid granulomas by microscopy. Previous endoscopic examination had revealed polyps in the gastric antrum, and a biopsy and microscopic examination had revealed granulomatous lesions, but a definite diagnosis could not be made until the ophthalmoscopic examination.
Ethanol-induced elevation of 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one does not modulate motor incoordination in rats

Background Ethanol administration elevates the levels of GABAergic neuroactive steroids in brain and contributes to some of its behavioral actions. In the present study, we investigated whether such elevation of GABAergic neuroactive steroids contributes to the motor incoordinating effects of ethanol. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ethanol (2 g/kg intraperitoneally) or saline, and the level of 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) was measured across time in cerebral cortex and in various brain regions at the peak time by radioimmunoassay. To study whether increases in GABAergic neuroactive steroids are responsible for the motor incoordinating actions of ethanol, rats were subjected to chemical (5alpha-reductase inhibitor, finasteride) and surgical (adrenalectomy) manipulations before receiving ethanol (2 g/kg intraperitoneally) injections. The rats were then subjected to different paradigms to evaluate motor impairment including the Majchrowicz motor intoxication rating scale, Rotarod test, and aerial righting reflex task at different time points. Results The radioimmunoassay of 3alpha,5alpha-THP in different brain regions showed that ethanol increases 3alpha,5alpha-THP levels by 3- and 9-fold in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, respectively. There was no change in 3alpha,5alpha-THP levels in cerebellum and midbrain. The time course of 3alpha,5alpha-THP elevations in the cerebral cortex showed significant increases 20-min after ethanol injection with a peak at 60 min. In contrast, motor toxicity peaked between 5 and 10 min after ethanol injections and gradually decreased over time. Furthermore, adrenalectomy or pretreatment with finasteride (2 x 50 mg/kg, subcutaneously) did not reduce motor incoordinating effects of ethanol as assessed by the Majchrowicz intoxication rating score, Rotarod test, or aerial righting reflex task. Conclusions Ethanol increases GABAergic neuroactive steroids in a time- and brain region-selective manner. The role of neuroactive steroids in alcohol action is specific for certain behaviors. Alcohol-induced deficits in motor coordination are not mediated by elevated neuroactive steroid biosynthesis.
Birth weight and childhood size in a national sample of 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children

The extent to which body size (stature, weight, or weight-for-stature) in later childhood is related to birth weight for normal-weight, full-term infants was explored using data from a national sample of U.S. children examined in Cycle II of the National Health Examination Survey, 1963-65. Standardized measurements of stature and weight from 4,689 white singletons ages 6-11 years were linked with birth certificate information. There were small but consistent positive associations of attained stature and weight with birth weight. The Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure of weight in proportion to stature, was also positively related to birth weight, although not as consistently, suggesting that the greater attained weight of higher birth weight children may be related to increased adiposity as well as to greater stature. However, simulations of the effect of an across-the-board increase in birth weight by 100 g or 200 g showed a negligible expected increase in the number of children with high BMI values. These findings indicate that birth weight is directly or indirectly a factor related to growth in childhood, but that upward shifts in the distribution of birth weight would have little effect on the prevalence of childhood obesity. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. .
Spectral imaging facilitates visualization and measurements of unstable and abnormal microvascular oxygen transport in tumors.

Abnormal microvasculature contributes to the pathophysiologic microenvironment of tumors. Understanding microvascular tumor oxygen transport is necessary to comprehend the factors that influence tumor biology, physiology, and therapy. Previously, we described an in vivo spectral imaging microscopy system for measurements of microvessel hemoglobin saturation (HbSat). We measure temporal fluctuations and spatial gradients in tumor microvessel oxygenation and identify instances of anastomoses between vessels with significantly different oxygenations. Slow periodic fluctuations in HbSat 20%). Shunting of inspired oxygen, presumably due to arteriovenous anastomoses, from tumor feeding arterioles to adjacent venules was imaged. This effect was confined to a region around the tumor and was not observed in nearby normal microvessels. Imaging measurements of tumor microvessel oxygen transport may offer insight to current questions regarding oxygen-related tumor biology and treatment responses, and spectral imaging may be a useful research tool in this regard.
Altered Chondrocyte Differentiation and Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis in a Zebrafish Model for Mucolipidosis II

Mucolipidosis II (ML-II) is a pediatric disorder caused by defects in the biosynthesis of mannose 6-phosphate, the carbohydrate recognition signal responsible for targeting certain acid hydrolases to lysosomes. The mechanisms underlying the developmental defects of ML-II are largely unknown due in part to the lack of suitable animal models. To overcome these limitations, we developed a model for ML-II in zebrafish by inhibiting the expression of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, the enzyme that initiates mannose 6-phosphate biosynthesis. Morphant embryos manifest craniofacial defects, impaired motility, and abnormal otolith and pectoral fin development. Decreased mannose phosphorylation of several lysosomal glycosidases was observed in morphant lysates, consistent with the reduction in phosphotransferase activity. Investigation of the craniofacial defects in the morphants uncovered striking changes in the timing and localization of both type II collagen and Sox9 expression, suggestive of an accelerated chondrocyte differentiation program. Accumulation of type II collagen was also noted within misshapen cartilage elements at later stages of development. Furthermore, we observed abnormal matrix formation and calcium deposition in morphant otoliths. Collectively, these data provide new insight into the developmental pathology of ML-II and suggest that altered production and/or homeostasis of extracellular matrix proteins are integral to the disease process. These findings highlight the potential of the zebrafish system in studying lysosomal disease pathogenesis.
The waledac protocol: The how and why

Peer to Peer (P2P) botnets are a growing occurrence in the malware community. The Waledac botnet represents a new, more challenging trend in the P2P botnet evolution. The Waledac infrastructure has evolved key aspects of the P2P architecture and devolved others. This evolution/devolution has resulted in a more formidable botnet. As a result, the Waledac botnet is harder to infiltrate and harder to enumerate. This paper explains the various aspects of the Waledac botnet infrastructures to give defenders a better understanding of the botnet in order to protect themselves and others.
Duplex ultrasound factors predicting persistent type II endoleak and increasing AAA sac diameter after EVAR

Objective While the significance of type II endoleaks (T2ELs) on the long-term outcome of endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR) to repair abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is debatable, duplex ultrasonography (DU) parameters have been suggested to be predictive of their closure or persistence. The purpose of this study was to determine which, if any, of these variables was associated with persistent T2EL or increased AAA sac diameter. Methods Between 1998 and 2009, 278 patients underwent EVAR and post-operative DU surveillance during long-term follow-up (1-11 years) in our accredited non-invasive vascular laboratory by one of three experienced technologists. DU measured intra-sac flow velocity (IFV), spectral doppler waveform (SDW) patterns, post-EVAR sac diameter, and number of T2ELs. Results T2ELs developed in 14% (38/278) of patients post-EVAR. Fourteen patients had T2ELs that resolved, and sac diameter decreased or remained the same: the average IFV was 42 cm/second; SDW patterns were monophasic in five, biphasic in seven and bidirectional in two; and multiple T2ELs were not present (0%) in any patient. Twelve patients had T2ELs that persisted, but sac diameter decreased or remained the same: the average IFV was 47 cm/second; SDW patterns were monophasic in one, biphasic in five, bidirectional in five, and undetermined in one; and multiple T2ELs were found in 17% (2) of patients. Twelve patients had T2ELs that persisted and were associated with increased sac diameter: the average IFV was 43 cm/second, SDW patterns were monophasic in one, biphasic in two, and bidirectional in nine; and multiple T2ELs were identified in 75% (9) of patients. None of the 38 patients with T2ELs treated with selective surgical or endovascular intervention for enlarging sac diameters (11/12) experienced a ruptured aneurysm. Conclusion Contrary to previous smaller reports of T2ELs and DU surveillance, parameters such as IFV did not correlate with increased post-EVAR sac diameter. The presence of multiple T2ELs and bidirectional SDW may be the strongest factors predictive of increased sac diameter.
Data Literacy: Understanding Teachers' Data Use in a Context of Accountability and Response to Intervention

Abstract Within the current high-stakes accountability context, student achievement data have become a central focus for instructional decisions given that teachers are held accountable for student performance. Furthermore, as response to intervention is implemented nationwide to identify and monitor students with disabilities, teachers will be required to use student data and become effective instructional decision makers who tailor instruction to meet the academic needs of all students. The aim of this study is to understand the qualitatively different ways that current practicing teachers are using data to inform instruction. Findings from teacher interviews are presented through the image of a ladder representing the stages that teachers experience as they engage in data usage to inform their instructional decision making. These findings have implications and possible applications for teacher educators and school-based practitioners alike in better supporting the professional development of preservice...
Site of antigen delivery can influence T cell priming: pulmonary environment promotes preferential Th2-type differentiation.

Delivery of foreign antigens to mucosal surfaces, such as the pulmonary airways, has been shown to preferentially induce Th2-mediated responses in humans and in mice. What is not clear from these studies is whether this preferential skewing in responses is the result of the limited types of antigen being administered and / or a bias towards using particular genetic strains of mice, or whether the lung environment in itself provides a favored site for the priming of Th2-type cells. We have addressed this issue using an antigen / mouse strain combination that, under typical conditions of immunization, is strongly biased towards priming for Th1 CD4+ T cells. We show that Leishmania major parasites delivered to C57BL / 6 mice via an intranasal route fail to induce the expected Th1-dominated responses and instead preferentially prime for Th2 responses. These included an influx in lymphocytes and eosinophils into alveoli, as well as the induction of Th2-type foci of inflammation around pulmonary blood vessels and airways. Moreover, high levels of Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) were generated when lung-draining lymph node and tissue cells were restimulated with L. major lysate. These data suggest that the lung environment per se favors Th differentiation towards the Th2 phenotype.
A study of the miscibility of blends of polybutadiene and styrene‐butadiene copolymers

We investigated the miscibility of polybutadienes with butadiene-styrene copolymers of varying styrene content. The methods of optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering (SALS) were used. All polymers/copolymers used in this study have equivalent butadiene microstructures. Copolymers with high styrene levels are immiscible with polybutadiene. The tendency to miscibility increases with decreasing styrene content. An upper critical solution temperature is observed with the 23 percent styrene copolymer.
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Using Photography to Teach Self-Concept and Introduce Students to Consumer Behavior

This article describes an innovative, well-received student project that uses a nonverbal, metaphoric approach—self-photography—to teach self-concept theory. It also presents the content analysis of I 00 projects to demonstrate to instructors possible outcomes and to illustrate conceptual linkages. Finally, it provides guidance for implementing the self-photography project into the marketing curriculum.
Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant

Fifth edition. Edited by Jack S. Remington and Jerome O. Klein. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 2001. 1507 pages in one volume, illustrated
A Primer on Developing and Using Course-Related Library Web Pages

Abstract Course-related library Web pages can be designed to introduce students to an academic library Web site and provide access to information relevant to specific courses. These pages are most often developed to support a library instruction session. The author's course-related pages are designed on a template that includes the main features of the library Web site (e.g., links to the online catalog, reference information, and interlibrary loan request forms), a list of pertinent online indexes and databases, links to electronic journals, and recommended Web sites. Technical and organizational issues related to creating and maintaining such pages are discussed, as are outreach efforts and faculty/student response to incorporating this type of Web page into library instruction. A sample evaluation form and a list of selected course-related library Web sites are included as appendices.
Multicultural team learning: an approach towards communication competency

Analyses the need to prepare business students in the art of multicultural communication as we approach the millennium. Assesses four research areas: language codes; learning of roles and norms; affective speech development and applied communication. Of the four, applied communication appears to be the most suitable and useful for most business courses. It suggests that course instructors with high‐performance goals should organize and select study teams with members comprising of a cultural mix, educational experience and work experience, the combination of which should provide competitive advantage to attain the intended goals. Rationalizes the up and down sides of team learning in some detail. Finally, assesses the advantages of multicultural team learning in communication competency.
Mutagenesis studies of substrate recognition and catalysis in the sortase A transpeptidase from Staphylococcus aureus.

The Staphylococcus aureus transpeptidase sortase A (SrtA) is responsible for anchoring a range of virulence- and colonization-associated proteins to the cell wall. SrtA recognizes substrates that contain a C-terminal LPXTG motif. This sequence is cleaved following the threonine, and an amide bond is formed between the threonine and the pentaglycine cross-bridge of branched lipid II. Previous studies have implicated the β6/β7 loop region of SrtA in LPXTG recognition but have not systematically characterized this domain. To better understand the individual roles of the residues within this loop, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Val-168 and Leu-169 were found to be important for substrate recognition, and Glu-171 was also found to be important, consistent with its hypothesized role as a Ca2+-binding residue. Gly-167 and Asp-170 were dispensable for catalysis, as was Gln-172. The role of Arg-197 in SrtA has been the subject of much debate. To explore its role in catalysis, we used native chemical ligation to generate semi-synthetic SrtA in which we replaced Arg-197 with citrulline, a non-ionizable analog. This change resulted in a decrease of
Lymphoma-associated paraneoplastic angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor activity: Does danazol work?

A patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma presented with severe, symptomatic acquired angioedema. Unlike previously reported cases, his serum levels of complement and C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) were not decreased. Nonetheless, he responded clinically to treatment with an attenuated androgen and, after therapeutic splenectomy, has been maintained asymptomatic without androgen therapy for 5 years. Thus stimulation of C1-INH synthesis may overcome paraneoplastic angioedema in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders despite the absence of typical evidence for a quantitative or qualitative defect in C1-INH. Androgens should not be withheld despite a normal level of C1-INH and complement in symptomatic patients. Am. J. Hematol. 77:296–298, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modeling of multivariate longitudinal phenotypes in family genetic studies with Bayesian multiplicity adjustment

Genetic studies often collect data on multiple traits. Most genetic association analyses, however, consider traits separately and ignore potential correlation among traits, partially because of difficulties in statistical modeling of multivariate outcomes. When multiple traits are measured in a pedigree longitudinally, additional challenges arise because in addition to correlation between traits, a trait is often correlated with its own measures over time and with measurements of other family members. We developed a Bayesian model for analysis of bivariate quantitative traits measured longitudinally in family genetic studies. For a given trait, family-specific and subject-specific random effects account for correlation among family members and repeated measures, respectively. Correlation between traits is introduced by incorporating multivariate random effects and allowing time-specific trait residuals to correlate as in seemingly unrelated regressions. The proposed model can examine multiple single-nucleotide variations simultaneously, as well as incorporate familyspecific, subject-specific, or time-varying covariates. Bayesian multiplicity technique is used to effectively control false positives. Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 simulated data illustrate the proposed approach's applicability in modeling longitudinal multivariate outcomes in family genetic association studies.
Eight-month functional outcome from mania following a first psychiatric hospitalization.

The aim of this study was to identify how different areas of function (role performance, interpersonal relationships, sexual activity and recreational enjoyment) differentially recover from a manic episode during the 8 months following a first psychiatric hospitalization. Fifty patients with bipolar disorder, 16-45 years of age, who met the criteria for a current manic episode were recruited during their first psychiatric hospitalization. Forty-two (84%) of these participated in follow-up. Patients were evaluated using structured and semi-structured clinical instruments and the four areas of functional outcome were assessed with the LIFE interview. Recovery of the four areas of function were compared using survival and correlational analyses. Logistic regression identified factors associated with functional outcome. The four aspects of function were not significantly intercorrelated at baseline or during follow-up. Moreover, the survival curves for the different areas of function significantly differed. Specifically, patients demonstrated better recovery of sexual activity and worse recovery of recreational enjoyment than the other areas of function. Different clinical and demographic variables predicted recovery of the different areas of function. In conclusion, following a first manic episode, recovery of psychosocial function can be divided into separate components, i.e., role function, interpersonal relationships, sexual activity and recreational enjoyment, that appear to be relatively independent. Further clarification of recovery of these different areas of function may lead to better integrated treatments that maximize functional improvement early in the course of bipolar disorder.
Chow groups of quotient varieties

Let G be a reductive algebraic group operating on a scheme X, with quotient Y= X/G. Let CH,(X) be the Chow group of X, CH,( Y) the Chow group of Y, as defined in [F]. In many concrete cases (e.g., binary quantics, or certain subspaces of moduli spaces of curves) X has a simple structure and we have a lot of information on CH,(X), while CH,( Y) is more interesting and much harder to calculate. So it is natural to ask: what relation is there between CH,(X) and CH,( Y)? In this article we give a partial answer to this question, with the following restrictions: we assume that the stabilizer of each point of X is finite, and we only consider Chow groups with rational coefficients. Furthermore we assume that X is an algebraic scheme over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Set A * = CH, @ Q, where Q is the field of rational numbers. If G is a finite group, then A,(Y) = A,(X)’ ( see [F, Example 1.7.61). Thus it is only necessary to consider the case in which G is connected. Theorem 1 says that in this case there is a natural surjective homomorphism A,( Y) + A ,(X). This means that A,(Y) is “at least as large” as A,(X). To be able to bound the kernel of the homomorphism A,(Y) + A,(X) we make two further assumptions: that X is normal, and that G= CL(n) or SL(n) (the case G = SL(n) includes the case G = PGL(n), which the one usually found in applications.) The case of a principal GL(n)-bundle is treated in [SGA6, exposi: IX, Proposition 4.11, considering the K-group of coherent sheaves instead of the Chow group. What is proved there amounts, in the present contest, to the following. Let c ,,..., c, be the Chern classes of the rank n vector bundle
The EPR spectrum of CpCr(CO)3 in a single crystal of CpMn(CO)3 at 20 K

Abstract The EPR spectrum of cyclopentadienylchromium tricarbonyl has been detected in single crystals of the diamagnetic manganese analog at temperatures below 25 K. Its g and 53Cr hyperfine matrices have been assembled in the crystal-axis system of the host. Both tensors are orthorhombic and their principal axes are almost coincident: g = (1.9969, 2.0353, 2.1339); a53 = (3, 27, 44) MHz. The proximity of the principal directions of the maximum and intermediate values of these tensors to certain directions in the host crystal shows that the chromium center substitutes for CpMn(CO)3 with little or no deformation. The single unpaired electron in CpCr(CO)3 is believed to occupy an a′ orbital (in Cs symmetry) which is composed of dx2−y2 and dyz chromium atomic orbitals, z being the molecular axis which connects Cr to the centers of Cp and the three CO ligands.
Effects of calcium-free medium on the induction of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the rat pineal.

Incubation of rat pineal glands in calcium-free medium containing ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) inhibited the induction of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity caused by l-isoproterenol or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Although changes in the dose-response relationship between l-isoproterenol and N-acetyltransferase activity were observed, the most prominent effect of calcium-free medium containing EGTA was to delay and prolong the increase in N-acetyltransferase activity. There was also a reduction in the maximal enzyme activity attained. Differences between supersensitive and subsensitive glands in the rate and extent of induction were retained in calcium-free medium containing EGTA. Other results indicate that chelation of extracellular calcium indirectly reduced the rate of the protein synthesis which is required for the induction of increased N-acetyltransferase activity.
Aerosol and cloud optical depth from GLAS: Results and verification for an October 2003 California fire smoke case

[1] Data from the satellite lidar Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) has provided a new means to retrieve height and optical depth of transmissive cloud and aerosol layers globally. We compare data sets from GLAS and an airborne under-flight of the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL) during a unique smoke opportunity as part of a validation experiment in October 2003. The CPL has known layer identification and optical retrieval performance. GLAS data products, including calibrated attenuated backscatter profiles, layer identification, and optical depth, are compared to simultaneous aircraft lidar retrievals with similar model assumptions with a goal toward discovering algorithm biases in GLAS. The case described here involves heavy smoke layers from large-scale fires in southern California and thin cirrus clouds. The GLAS optical retrievals agree with the CPL data when the GLAS aerosol lidar ratio, S, is reset from default maritime to smoke and in inland urban pollution localities.
Experimental evaluation of Linux TCP for adaptive video streaming over the cloud

With the popularity of video streaming on the Internet an entirely new type of media player has been created called the adaptive video player that dynamically adjusts video quality depending on available network bandwidth. When combined with cloud computing this new way of serving media has the potential to change the video streaming landscape by allowing content to be streamed reliably from anywhere in the world. In this paper we evaluate the use of different TCP congestion control algorithms over the Cloud including five major variants: Cubic, Bic, Vegas, H-TCP, and HighSpeed TCP. Both private (based on Eucalyptus) and public (Amazon EC2) cloud environments are considered. We evaluate video streaming performance, TCP friendliness, and for each criterion identify the top performer. We believe that this is an important step towards optimizing TCP or another transport protocol for supporting cloud computing.
The Impact of Paid Versus Complimentary Showroom Entertainment on Gaming Volumes.

This study analyzed the effect of showroom entertainment on gaming volumes by examining the paid and complimentary showroom attendees separately in two casino markets: Las Vegas, NV and Atlantic City, NJ. Using the daily data from one casino in each market, this study found that both complimentary and paid showroom headcounts had little effect on the gaming volumes of slots and table games. Given the findings, casino operators would be wise to review their showroom operating strategies and be careful in selecting complimentary awards for casino customers. The findings support current trends to utilize nongaming attractions as revenue generators rather than as marketing tools to attract casino players.
L.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—CLXXXV

(1942). L.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—CLXXXV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 9, No. 56, pp. 626-632.
Use of radio telemetry for studying upriver migration of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

This paper describes and evaluates a 50 mHz radio telemetry system for studying river movements of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In fresh water for most applications radio telemetry is preferable to ultrasonic telemetry, because the receiving element (antenna) can be above water, and radio signals are scarcely affected by turbulent, weedy or ice-covered water. Within the range of 10–200 mHz higher frequencies are preferred, since the efficient antenna size is inversely proportional to frequency, and attenuation of signals is independent of frequency. Transmitters were cylindrical (6.5–9.6 cm long * 1.9 cm diam) with a 0.5 wavelength antenna trailing from one end. Each emitted pulsed signals on one of 20 crystal-controlled channels between 49.100 and 49.385 mHz. Transmitters were placed in the stomachs of salmon and the antenna trailed out the last gill slit. Receivers were portable 20-channel manual or automatic scan models, and antennas were 48 cm diam capacitor tuned loops. Some salmon regurgitated transmitters. Two salmon were recaptured and showed no ill effects from carrying transmitters for 32 and 42 days. Pulse rate had little effect on known transmitter life under natural conditions. Known tag life was variable, but averaged 70 days for transmitters with 1000 mah batteries. The range of transmission of transmitters to a receiving system in an airplane at 410 m altitude was about 10 km, and to a boat about 1 km. Range to a land vehicle was variable depending on obstructions. From the airplane transmitters can be located within a radius of about 50 m.
Screening of mosquitoes using SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR with group-specific primers for detection of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses in Taiwan

Surveillance for infectious agents carried by mosquitoes is important for predicting the risk of vector-borne infectious diseases. In this study, a method was established to mass-screen mosquitoes for viral infections. The assay detected the viral load of 4 dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4), the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the Sindbis virus and the Chikungunya virus at 1PFU/mL (determined by real-time RT-PCR) in 36.64-43.45 cycles. This method was applied to 75,364 field-captured mosquitoes that were grouped into 10,343 pools. Japanese encephalitis viruses were detected in 25 pools of 906 Culex tritaeniorhynchus females and a single pool of 44 Cx. fuscocephala females. These viruses were isolated from half of the positive pools. Dengue viruses were detected in 2 pools of 43 Aedes aegypti females. Additionally, mosquitoes that were infected orally with dengue viruses in the laboratory were also used to verify the test. The best detection times for individual mosquitoes after being fed virally-contaminated blood were at day 0 and day 10. The number of mosquitoes detected per pool was up to one infected mosquito plus 59 non-infected mosquitoes; the appropriate storage substances for holding samples within 24h included ice cubes and dry ice. This method, combined with a robust and automated RNA-extraction method and a 96 well real-time RT-PCR machine, allows the processing of a large number of samples at once, making it a powerful tool for monitoring simultaneously local and emerging vector-borne infectious diseases of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses. This study is the first to quantify the viral load in individual mosquitoes over the course of a 16-day extrinsic incubation period.
Rydberg states of helium: Relativistic and second-order corrections

In this paper the corrections of relative order (Z..cap alpha..)/sup 2/ to all multipole polarizabilities of a hydrogenic ion of nuclear charge Z are computed, with use of third-order perturbation theory with nonrelativistic wave functions. To accomplish this, the spin-independent part of the Pauli Hamiltonian of order ..cap alpha../sup 2/ is treated as a perturbation along with the usual Coulomb interaction expanded in a multipole series. The leading (dipole) correction is in agreement with the previous results of Zon et al. In addition, the previously discussed second-order energy shift has now been calculated analytically. Both of these corrections are applied to the high-lying Rydberg states of helium, yielding small but important corrections to the fine-structure splittings.
Bacterivorous nematodes and organic matter decomposition

Abstract Bacterial-feeding nematodes affect organic-matter decomposition in several ways. They include: feeding on microbes and regulating the rate at which organic compounds are degraded into inorganic ions; dispersing microbes throughout the soil and water; feeding on saprophytic and plant pathogenic bacteria and influencing the composition of the microbial community; serving as prey and a source of nutrients for fauna and microflora such as soil nematophagous fungi; affecting the distribution and function of plant symbionts. The influence of bacterial-feeding nematodes in nutrient cycling and their use as ecological indicators is discussed.
DFT Investigation of Intermediate Steps in the Hydrolysis of α-Al2O3(0001)

The α-Al2O3(0001) surface is well-known to become hydroxylated in the presence of water, and this hydroxylation is important to subsequent alumina surface chemistry. Here, we use plane-wave, supercell density functional theory to examine the progression of multiple water dissociation steps from the hydrogen-free stoichimetric surface to the fully hydroxylated, gibbsite-like surface. Consistent with earlier reports, we find that water molecules adsorb and dissociate exothermically and with a small activation barrier at unhydroxylated and coordinatively unsaturated surface Als sites and that the formation energy of these hydroxylated Als is coverage-independent. Subsequent water dissociations at a singly hydroxylated Als site, steps necessary to liberate Als and reach the fully hydroxylated surface, are approximately thermoneutral at any surface hydroxyl coverage. Further, within the pathways we are able to identify, these subsequent dissociation steps proceed along more complex reaction coordinates and hav...
Homogenization technique for transmission lines with random permittivity profiles

This paper proposes a homogenization model for transmission lines with nonuniformity manifested in the random permittivity profile of their surrounding medium. The statistics of the permittivity profile are defined in terms of a finite series of correlated random variables corresponding to discrete samples taken along the longitudinal dimension of the line. Principal Component Analysis is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the random space that characterizes the uncertainty of the structure. Next, Polynomial Chaos expansion is used to capture the dependencies of the resulting homogeneous effective permittivity with the reduced-order random parameters that define the variability. Such construction is performed efficiently with the use of a Sparse Grid integration technique. In particular, the statistics of the propagation time of a wave traveling in the uncertain medium are calculated with the proposed homogenization model and validated with Monte Carlo simulations.
Growth abnormalities in Mexican-American children in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Study

Abstract Numerous regional studies have indicated a high prevalence of growth abnormalities among Mexican-American children. It has been suggested that this is a constitutional problem. In order to evaluate this, a comparison of selected parameters of growth and nutritional status were made between Mexican-American and European-American children (
Three-dimensional MR imaging and display of intracranial disease: improvements with the MP-RAGE sequence and gadolinium.

Three-dimensional (3D) image rendering was performed in 14 patients who had undergone magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for focal brain lesions. The MR study included the magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence with 64 or 128 partitions. Resultant contiguous sections 2.5 or 1.25 mm thick, respectively, were obtained. Images were acquired before and after administration of gadopen-letate dimeglumine. Resultant 3D data sets were processed on a commercially available workstation. Correlative surgical observation was performed in four cases. All data sets were successfully processed into 3D images. The precontrast images proved superior to gadolinium-enhanced images for brain surface rendering. Postcontrast images proved superior for reconstruction of tumors and vascular structures. The 64-partition data set proved sufficient for all postprocessing. Coronal orientation was preferred to sagittal orientation for surface rendering because it provided optimal orthogonal orientation of sulcal and gyral brain surface features. Three-dimensional rendition allowed easy superposition of lesion, brain, vessels, and scalp features-all useful for surgical planning. The central sulcus was easily recognized in the mid-line partitions and traced mediolaterally for projection on the cortical surface. MP-RAGE provides a 3D data set that can be obtained in just over 3 minutes, from which clinically useful 3D renderings are possible. The rapidity of acquisition and capability for 3D rendering provides additional clinical utility.