cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived Energy for Parenting: A New Conceptualization and Scale

Parenting may be the most physically and mentally demanding social role people encounter during their life. Personal resources are essential to child rearing, yet perceptions of parenting energy have been largely unexplored. This manuscript reports on the need for and development of a measure of perceived energy for parenting (PEP), as well as a preliminary study examining its reliability and validity. A 10-item self-report questionnaire was created to assess perceived energy for parenting. The survey was administered to a sample of 170 mothers. To examine the convergent and discriminant validity of PEP, mothers also completed measures of physical activity, exercise, mood, self-esteem, parental self-efficacy and satisfaction. Analyses indicated that PEP assessed a single underlying dimension, yielding an internally consistent scale. PEP uniquely contributed to predicting parental perceived efficacy and satisfaction. The PEP appears to be a useful tool for assessing meaningful individual differences among parents. Evidence was found for its convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Future research is necessary to examine the contribution perceived energy for parenting makes to important parenting behaviors such as sensitivity, monitoring, and discipline.
The Inhibitory Effects of ACTH and Adrenalectomy on Reproductive Maturation in Female Rats

The effects of ACTH and adrenalectomy on sexual maturation was studied in female rats. Weanling (21-day-old) intact and adrenalectomized female rats received 4 IU/100 gm body weight until Day 40. Animals were sacrificed on Days 25 30 35 40 and on the day of vaginal opening. Blood samples were assayed for progesterone corticosterone luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin. Animals sacrificed at 1st estrus were examined for the number of ova present in the Fallopian tubes. ACTH treatment delayed vaginal opening for 4 days in both intact and adrenalectomized animals. Since ACTH-injected adrenalectomized rats did not show a delay in vaginal opening it would appear that the inhibitory effect of ACTH is mediated by the adrenal glands. However these animals had a marked reduction in the number of ova present at 1st estrus and markedly lower body weight at vaginal opening. ACTH-treated intact rats that showed delayed vaginal opening had elevated levels of progesterone and corticosterone. In animals not exhibiting retarded sexual maturation only corticosterone levels were elevated. Although it appeared that the chronically elevated levels of progesterone in ACTH-treated rats inhibited sexual maturation by interfering with plasma LH attempts to show a suppression of plasma LH were unsuccessful.
Oxygen Consumption of Red and White Muscles from Tuna Fishes

Metabolic rates of unstimulated, minced preparations of red and white muscles from two species of Pacific tuna fishes (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus obesus) were determined from respirometric measurements of oxygen consumption. Ratios of mean metabolic rates for red muscles to those of white muscles averaged 6.2 at five temperatures over the range of 5° to 35°C. Temperature coefficients (Q109s) for mean metabolic rates for both types of muscle were between 1.0 and 1.2 over the entire temperature range. Metabolic rates of tuna red muscles were equal to those of preparations of mixed red and white muscle from the white rat at 25° and 35°C, and were higher than the mammalian rates at lower temperatures.
Local cellular defenses in influenza-infected lungs

Abstract The functional capacities and surface phenotype of the cells that accumulate in the lungs of hamsters during influenza A virus (PR/8/34) infection were studied to determine the cellular mechanisms that may limit the viral infection in the lung. Nonspecific natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity was augmented early (3 days) after infection in the lung but was undetectable at 6 days postinoculation. Virus-specific cytotoxic cells were detected within populations of mononuclear cells harvested from the lung but not from the hilar lymph node or spleen of influenza-infected hamsters following intratracheal inoculation. In contrast to virus-specific cytotoxic activity which remained locally, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) activity was detected in assays in which cells were used from lung, hilar lymph nodes, or spleen. Depletion studies using rabbit anti-asialo GM1 and newly developed mouse monoclonals WI20 and WI38, which detect surface antigens on hamster T-lymphocyte populations, demonstrated that in the hamster NK cells are asialo GM+, WI20−, WI38−; DTH lymphocytes are asialo GM−, WI20+, WI38−; and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are asialo GM−, WI20+, WI38+. Together these data suggest that antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells can be induced locally within the hamster lung during influenza infection, but that they appear to be unable to circulate systemically, unlike the T cells that mediate DTH. Thus while the lung appears to share some immune responses to local infections with peripheral lymphoid organs, effector cells can be induced to develop locally and may be regulated locally without a mandatory involvement of the systemic immune system.
Evolution of the single-particle spectral weight with doping

Abstract We have calculated the single-particle density of states N ( ω ) and the spectral weight A ( p , ω ) for the two-dimensional Hubbard model by combining quantum Monte Carlo simulations with the maximum-entropy analytic continuation technique. We present results for various values of the doping, temperature, and Coulomb repulsion U . At half-filling an insulating gap separates incoherent lower and upper Hubbard bands. In addition, narrow quasiparticle bands exist at the top of the lower Hubbard band and at the bottom of the upper Hubbard band. The bandwidth of the quasiparticle bands is of order 2 J , where J ≈ 4t 2 U . Upon small doping, spectral weight is transferred from states above the insulating gap to the top of the lower Hubbard band, and a narrow quasiparticle band of width ~ 4 J forms. We find that the dispersion of this narrow band is similar to the results of the recent angular resolved photoemission measurements of the hole doped cuprates. We argue that the generic nature of the quasiparticle dispersion relation observed in these materials arises from the strong Coulomb interaction and reflects the hole-spin correlations rather than the one-electron interactions which customarily determine the band structure.
Procedural-Support Music Therapy in the Healthcare Setting: A Cost–Effectiveness Analysis

This comparative analysis examined the cost–effectiveness of music therapy as a procedural support in the pediatric healthcare setting. Many healthcare organizations are actively attempting to reduce the amount of sedation for pediatric patients undergoing various procedures. Patients receiving music therapy-assisted computerized tomography scans ( n = 57), echocardiograms ( n = 92), and other procedures ( n = 17) were included in the analysis. Results of music therapy-assisted procedures indicate successful elimination of patient sedation, reduction in procedural times, and decrease in the number of staff members present for procedures. Implications for nurses and music therapists in the healthcare setting are discussed.
Psychometric Exploration of the Sexual Addiction Screening Test in Veterans

Patrick Carnes (1989) developed the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST) to identify individuals at risk for sexual addiction. Using two groups of veterans from an addictions treatment program (N = 313, N = 316), this research explored the psychometric properties of the SAST and explored the feasibility of reducing the length of the SAST. Results suggested that the SAST measured a single construct with excellent reliability and acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Examination of the shortened SAST provided some initial support for a six-item SAST version. Finally, a wide-ranging pattern of significant correlations between personality disorders and sexual addiction emerged.
Assessment of thin film batteries based on polymer electrolytes. I. Energy density

Abstract The theoretical energy density performance limits for packaged rechargeable lithium polymer electrolyte batteries of both prismatic unipolar and bipolar electrode configurations are discussed. The electrolyte is based on complexes formed between polyethylene oxide and a lithium salt, and the composite cathode is V6O13. The modeling study suggests that specific energies up to 450 Wh/kg are possible for packaged batteries based on both unipolar and bipolar cell designs. This requires the use of low density metallic or metallized plastic current collectors.
The crystal structure of methylglyoxal synthase from Escherichia coli.

Abstract Background: The reaction mechanism of methylglyoxal synthase (MGS) is believed to be similar to that of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM). Both enzymes utilise dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to form an enediol(ate) phosphate intermediate as the first step of their reaction pathways. However, the second catalytic step in the MGS reaction pathway is characterized by the elimination of phosphate and collapse of the enediol(ate) to form methylglyoxal instead of reprotonation to form the isomer glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Results: The crystal structure of MGS bound to formate and substoichiometric amounts of phosphate in the space group P6 5 22 has been determined at 1.9 A resolution. This structure shows that the enzyme is a homohexamer composed of interacting five-stranded β / α proteins, rather than the hallmark α / β barrel structure of TIM. The conserved residues His19, Asp71, and His98 in each of the three monomers in the asymmetric unit bind to a formate ion that is present in the crystallization conditions. Differences in the three monomers in the asymmetric unit are localized at the mouth of the active site and can be ascribed to the presence or absence of a bound phosphate ion. Conclusions: In agreement with site-directed mutagenesis and mechanistic enzymology, the structure suggests that Asp71 acts as the catalytic base. Further, Asp20 and Asp101 are involved in intersubunit salt bridges. These salt bridges may provide a pathway for transmitting allosteric information.
Effect of Thyroxine and 5,5-Diphenyl-2-Thiohydantoin on Enzyme Activities of Rat Liver and Kidney

Injected L-thyroxine causes an increase in the activities of pyruvate carboxylase (E.C. 6.5.1.1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (E.C. 4.1.1.32), glucose-6-phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.9), and malic enzyme (E.C. 1.1.1.40) in rat liver. Dietary 5,5-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin blocks the thyroxine-stimulated increase of these activities. Neither thyroxine nor diphenylthiohydantoin affect the liver activities of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.11), total hexose monophosphate shunt dehydrogenases (E.C. 1.1.1.49 and E.C. 1.1.1.44), TPN-linked isocitric dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.42), and cytosolic a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.8). In kidney, the only enzymes affected were malic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. Those liver enzyme activities stimulated by thyroxine all show a decrease in activity 29 hr after a single dose of diphenylthiohydantoin. Our results suggest that diphenylthiohydantoin is highly effective in blocking the stimulation by thyroxine of several enzyme a...
Light Echo Detection of Circumstellar Disks around Flaring Stars

Abstract Light echoes can be used to detect and characterize disks around flaring stars. Such disks are thought to be a hallmark of planet formation but are very difficult to detect by ordinary means. Dwarf emission-line M stars experience flares with luminosities comparable to their quiescent photospheres on time scales of minutes, less than the light travel time across a disk many astronomical units in extent; they are thus ideal candidates for such a search. Bromley (1992, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 104, 1049-1053) calculated that the detection of Jupiter-sized companions using light echoes requires photometric accuracies better than 1 part in 10 6 . However, a disk consisting of grains or small bodies will scatter a much larger fraction of the light than a planet of similar mass. I estimate the light echo amplitudes from plausible geometries of circumstellar material and present simulated light curves. The light echo amplitudes are typically 1% of the flare and I conclude that such events will be detected best in cases where the flare is eclipsed by the star. An examination of the time scales associated with internal processes in a protoplanetary disks around dM stars indicates that any primordial disks may become undetectable in 10 4 years and will have completely disappeared by 10 8 years, the estimated age of dMe stars in the solar neighborhood. However, searches for light echoes might constrain the amount of material continuing to fall into these young stellar systems in the form of comet-like objects.
Antitumor activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor MS‐275 in prostate cancer models

BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a novel class of therapeutic agents with antitumor activity currently in clinical development. In this study, we tested the biological effects of the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 in various pre-clinical prostate cancer models both in'vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro cell proliferation XTT assay and protein expression analysis by Western blot were performed. In vivo tumor growth assessment in subcutaneous, orthotopic, and transgenic mouse models were conducted. RESULTS MS-275 significantly upregulated histone H3 acetylation and p21 gene expression in human prostate cancer cell lines. MS-275 exerted growth arrest in PC-3 and LNCaP cells, and induced cell death in DU-145 cells. Prostate specific antigen protein levels were increased by MS-275 in LAPC4 cell line. In vivo, MS-275 inhibited the growth of DU-145, LNCaP, and PC-3 in subcutaneous xenografts. MS-275 had also a significant inhibition of PC-3 cells growth in a mouse intratibial model. Molecular analysis showed increased histone acetylation and p21 expression in tumor samples from MS-275-treated mice. In transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, long-term treatment of MS-275 slowed the progression of prostate carcinomas with significant reduction in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data support the clinical testing of MS-275 for the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 1182–1193, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synaptic organization of two types of amacrine cells with CRF-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina.

The ultrastructural features and synaptic contacts of two amacrine cell types with corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina were examined using electron immunocytochemistry. Type A cells were found only in the visual streak and had elongated dendritic arborizations that ran parallel to the visual streak. These cells arborized primarily in stratum 1 and near the border of strata 2 and 3 of the inner plexiform layer, with some processes extending into stratum 5. Type B cells were found only ventral to the visual streak and arborized primarily in a wide band in strata 4 and 5, with sparse dendritic arborizations in stratum 1.There was a diffuse cytoplasmic reaction product within each cell type; however, large labeled vesicles were rarely observed. Type A amacrine cells received many conventional synaptic contacts from amacrine cells in stratum 1 and at the border of strata 2 and 3, but only a small number of contacts in stratum 5. Bipolar synaptic contacts onto type A amacrine cells were observed in strata 1 and at the border of strata 2 and 3. The only positively identified synaptic outputs of type A cells were conventional synapses onto amacrine cells in strata 1 and at the border of 2 and 3. Type B amacrine cells received synaptic contacts from amacrine cells in strata 1 and 5, and bipolar cell synaptic input in stratum 5. They made conventional synapses onto amacrine cells in strata 1 and 5, and onto bipolar cells in stratum 5. We also found conventional synaptic contacts between unlabeled amacrine cells and type B amacrine cells outside of the primary layers of stratification. In addition, there were specialized junctions observed between type A cell profiles in stratum 1 and between type B cell profiles in stratum 5. The unique regional distributions of the type A and B cells, as well as their differences in synaptic connectivity, suggested that these amacrine cells play distinct physiological roles although they contain the same neuropeptide.
Genetic evidence does not support direct regulation of EDNRB by SOX10 in migratory neural crest and the melanocyte lineage

Mutations in the transcription factor Sox10 or Endothelin Receptor B (Ednrb) result in Waardenburg Syndrome Type IV (WS-IV), which presents with deficiencies of neural crest derived melanocytes (hypopigmentation) and enteric ganglia (hypoganglionosis). As Sox10 and Ednrb are expressed in mouse migratory neural crest cells and melanoblasts, we investigated the possibility that SOX10 and EDNRB function through a hierarchical relationship during melanocyte development. However, our results support a distinct rather than hierarchical relationship. First, SOX10 expression continues in Ednrb null melanoblasts, demonstrating that SOX10 expression is not dependent on EDNRB function. Second, Ednrb expression persists in E10.5 Sox10null embryos, demonstrating that Ednrb is not dependent on SOX10 for expression in migratory neural crest cells. Third, over-expression of SOX10 in melanoblasts of mice that harbor null or hypomorphic Ednrb alleles does not rescue hypopigmentation, suggesting that SOX10 overexpression can neither complement a lack of EDNRB function nor increase Ednrb expression. Fourth, mice that are double heterozygous for loss-of-function mutations in Sox10 and Ednrb do not demonstrate synergistically increased hypopigmentation compared to mice that are single heterozygotes for either mutation alone, suggesting a lack of direct genetic interaction between these genes. Our results suggest that SOX10 does not directly activate Ednrb transcription in the melanocyte lineage. Given that SOX10 directly activates Ednrb in the enteric nervous system, our results suggest that SOX10 may differentially activate target genes based on the particular cellular context.
Effect of Load Factor on Operation of Power Transformers by Temperature

The practice of loading transformers by temperature is growing among operators who desire to take advantage of the additional capacity offered by this method of loading. The standards now recognize continuous overloads in cool ambients and short-time overloads under recurrent and emergency conditions. The paper discusses the effects of different shapes of system load factors on the aging of the insulation. Then the ones that result in the greatest amount of aging are used for determining the permissible peak loads that can be carried safely with the same deterioration of its insulation as results from continuous operation at rated kilovolt-amperes. A rational method of calculating the hot-spot temperature is shown by means of examples using a general average ``time constant''. The hot-spot temperature curve is then integrated to compare the aging with a given constant temperature. From these results it is concluded that a normal power transformer can be overloaded 3 per cent for each 10 per cent that the system load factor is below 100 per cent. That is, for a 50 per cent load factor the permissible peak load is 15 per cent over the transformer rating in a standard ambient. For low ambients where 1 per cent overload for each degree that the ambient is below 30 degrees is now permitted, the permissible peak loads will vary depending on ambient and on load factor.
The Rise and Demise of a Collection of Human Fetuses at Mount Holyoke College

When I found myself at the center of a controversy over the disposition of an old collection of human fetal specimens at Mount Holyoke College, I was motivated to explore the historical transformation that turned embryo collecting for research and pedagogical purposes from a noble to a disparaged practice, and dead fetuses from prized anatomical specimens to ugly, anomalous entities. Using Linda Layne's analysis of the literal and symbolic erasure of dead fetuses from American cultural discourse, this article examines the shifting circumstances that once encouraged the collection of fetal specimens but that now mandate their disappearance. Using Mount Holyoke as a case study, it describes the scientific logic and specific social exchange networks that led to the acquisition of hundreds of fetal specimens in the first half of the 20th century. It also examines the factors—including changes in biology education, concerns about handling hazardous fixatives, and especially the prominence of beautified and lifelike fetal images consistent with the so-called "culture of life"—that prompt the dissolution and demise of human embryo and fetal collections.
The VarrierTM autostereoscopic virtual reality display

Virtual reality (VR) has long been hampered by the gear needed to make the experience possible; specifically, stereo glasses and tracking devices. Autostereoscopic display devices are gaining popularity by freeing the user from stereo glasses, however few qualify as VR displays. The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) has designed and produced a large scale, high resolution head-tracked barrier-strip autostereoscopic display system that produces a VR immersive experience without requiring the user to wear any encumbrances. The resulting system, called Varrier, is a passive parallax barrier 35-panel tiled display that produces a wide field of view, head-tracked VR experience. This paper presents background material related to parallax barrier autostereoscopy, provides system configuration and construction details, examines Varrier interleaving algorithms used to produce the stereo images, introduces calibration and testing, and discusses the camera-based tracking subsystem.
Airport Automated People Mover Systems: Analysis with a Hybrid Computer Simulation Model

Automated people movers (APMs) have become an attractive solution to mobility problems associated with large airport terminals. A hybrid computer simulation model (called APMSIM) that has been developed to simplify the operational analysis of airport APM systems is presented. Given an airport passenger demand function, along with various APM vehicle technology and airport terminal characteristics, the model estimates timevarying level-of-service characteristics of the terminal including queues and processing times. The model simulates the movement of individual passengers and APM vehicles in the system network. APMSIM constitutes a design tool for airport planners and designers for determination of the sensitivity of system performance for a range of APM design parameters, examination of the flexibility of an APM system under given operational policy and network configurations, and estimation of APM vehicle energy consumption on the basis of network constraints and system characteristics. The model is a h...
Factors affecting the feeding quality of barley for ruminants

Abstract Variation in the nutritive value of barley is well documented. Although bulk density is a convenient means of evaluating barley, it does not fully account for differences observed in animal performance from feeding different sources of barley. Recent data indicate that starch and (or) fiber content may be more reliable criteria for evaluating sources of barley. As progress has been made toward higher starch content and plumper barley, greater attention should be given to proper processing of barley before feeding. Improper processing might well negate potential improvements expected from higher-quality barley.
Types of expertise: an invariant of problem solving

Abstract One invariant of problem solving is based on properties (e.g. memory capacity) of the symbol system used to process information and events. This invariant generalizes across agents and domains but usually lacks the power to explain success on specific problem-solving tasks. A second invariant is based on properties of the knowledge required to perform a given task. This invariant, often termed the knowledge principle, attempts to account for success in specific tasks but typically does not generalize from one domain to the next or from one agent to the next. In this paper a third invariant is proposed, one that is based on the relationship between a problem-solving agent and its environment. This invariant captures the requirements of a problem-solving task as well as the role of domain knowledge at a level that is independent of a particular agent, representation or implementation. We call this invariant "expertise". Five types of expertise are proposed. Features of each type are described using the concept of argument. For each type of expertise there is a corresponding type of argument. Examples of types of expertise are given from chess, business and social policy, and medicine. Evidence is provided for the presence of types of expertise from the analysis of the behavior of two individuals (Ph.D.-level statisticians) solving problems as consultants in the domain of industrial experimental design. Types of expertise represented in several first-generation expert systems are also identified and discussed.
A sparseland model for deblurring images in the presence of impulse noise

Joint image deblurring and denoising has long been an interesting problem. Traditional deconvolution methods (like the ROF model) only work for Gaussian noise. Median-based approaches are generally concerned with the removal of impulse noise, which are more likely to hamper the deblurring process. In this paper, we propose a spareland model for deblurring images corrupted by impulse noise. The key point is to approximate the probability density function by two different randomly mixed Gaussian distributions. Experimental results are provided at the end of this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A parallel PWTD accelerated time marching scheme for analysis of EMC/EMI problems

This paper describes a distributed-memory parallel implementation of a time-domain integral-equation (TDIE) based scheme for analyzing a broad class of EMC/EMI problems. The specific TDIE scheme used is the multilevel plane-wave time-domain (PWTD) accelerated marching-on-in-time (MOT) solver previously used by our group only on serial computing platforms. The proposed parallel MOT-PWTD solver is applied to sample EMC/EMI problems and the efficiency of the algorithm is investigated via speedup analysis.
Parameterization and Validation of an Integrated Electro-Thermal Cylindrical LFP Battery Model

In this paper, for the first time, an equivalent circuit electrical model is integrated with a two-state thermal model to form an electro-thermal model for cylindrical lithium ion batteries. The parameterization of such model for an A123 26650 LiFePO4 cylindrical battery is presented. The resistances and capacitances of the equivalent circuit model are identified at different temperatures and states of charge (SOC), for charging and discharging. Functions are chosen to characterize the fitted parameters. A two-state thermal model is used to approximate the core and surface temperatures of the battery. The electrical model is coupled with the thermal model through heat generation and the thermal states are in turn feeding a radially averaged cell temperature affecting the parameters of the electrical model. Parameters of the thermal model are identified using a least squares algorithm. The electro-thermal model is then validated against voltage and surface temperature measurements from a realistic drive cycle experiment.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Fracture and Fatigue Behavior at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures of Alumina Bonded with Copper/Niobium/Copper Interlayers

Interfacial fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue-crack growth properties of joints made from 99.5% pure alumina partially transient liquid-phase bonded using copper/niobium/copper interlayers have been investigated at both room and elevated temperatures, and assessed in terms of interfacial chemistry and microstructure. The mean interfacial fracture toughness, Gc, was found to decrease from 39 to 21 J/m 2 as temperature was raised from 25° to 1000°C, with failure primarily at the alumina/niobium interfaces. At room temperature, cyclic fatigue-crack propagation occurred both at the niobium/alumina interface and in the alumina adjacent to the interface, with the fatigue threshold, GTH, ranging from 20 to 30 J/m 2 ; the higher threshold values in that range resulted from a predominantly near-interfacial (alumina) crack path. During both fracture and fatigue failure, residual copper at the interface deformed and remained adhered to both sides of the fracture surface, acting as a ductile second phase, while separation of the niobium/alumina interface appeared relatively brittle in both cases. The observed fracture and fatigue behavior is considered in terms of the respective roles of the presence of ductile copper regions at the interface which provide toughening, extrinsic toughening due to grain bridging during crack propagation in the alumina, and the relative crack propagation resistance of each crack path, including the effects of segregation at the interfaces found by Auger spectroscopy.
Optically-Controlled Braking Responses to Variable Deceleration Magnitudes in a Car-Following Task

This study sought to identify which braking strategies are more often used in a car-following task when only optical cues to deceleration are available (no brake lights). Previous research identified three braking strategies for stopping to a stationary obstruction: regulation (deceleration at a near-constant magnitude), slam-on-the-brakes (increasing magnitude of deceleration), and bang-bang (initial high deceleration followed by a less deceleration). We used a car-following task with braking profiles which included variable decelerations to examine which of these strategies is most often used when drivers are not presented with brake lights warning of the deceleration of the lead vehicle. Results showed that individuals tend to use the slam-on-the-brakes approach (soft-then-hard braking) more than regulated (constant braking) or a bang-bang approach (hard-then-soft braking) when following vehicles without brake lights. These data form an important baseline of behavior for evaluating the effects of brake...
The Jake Bluff East Paleoindian Bison Butchering Feature, Northwest Oklahoma

Excavation of an exposure of bone fragments identified a bison bone butchering pile near the Clovis-age Jake Bluff site in northwest Oklahoma. Radiocarbon assay places this activity at 10,020 14C yr BP (11,322–11,654 cal yr BP), extending the known extent of bison hunting in the area by 300 years.
The effect of certain inhibtors in producing shortening of hexobarbital action

Abstract Agents that initially prolong the duration of hexobarbital action (phase A) by decreasing its rate of biotransformation seem to have a subsequent shortening effect (phase B) on hexobarbital action. By inferences based on studies using ethionine and methionine, the phase B effects of SKF 525-A, EPB, nikethamide, and iproniazid appeal to involve adaptive increases in activity of the enzyme system of the liver that metabolizes hexobarbital. PIH was one agent tested that did not produce the diphasic effect. It produced the phase A effect, but under the present conditions the phase B effect was not present. The phase B effect of PIH may be masked by a central component; however, no direct time relationship between the central anticonvulsant activity and effect on hexobarbital action was found.
Outcomes in the Management of Appendicitis and Cholecystitis in the Setting of a New Acute Care Surgery Service Model: Impact on Timing and Cost

Background The acute care surgery model is a novel notion in the provision of emergency general surgery. To date, several studies have analyzed the effects on patient health outcomes and timeliness of care for nontrauma patients within the scope of acute general surgery and emergencies, but none have assessed the cost benefits of this model. Study Design A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing appendectomy or cholecystectomy in the setting of acute abdomen was performed to compare data from 2 cohorts, the traditional model from July 2009 to June 2010 and the acute care surgery model from July 2010 to June 2011. Categorical variables and comparison means were examined using chi-square and independent 2-tailed sample t -tests. Results One hundred and seventy-five patients underwent appendectomy and 113 underwent cholecystectomy. The traditional model team staffed 82 appendectomies and 51 cholecystectomies, and the acute care surgery team staffed 93 and 62, respectively. In the appendectomy group, there was a statistically significant mean reduction of time to surgical evaluation (2.19 hours; p Conclusions The newly implemented acute care surgery model in our institution accomplished earlier treatment and shorter length of stay for the 2 most common causes of acute abdomen in our setting. Overall, the new model translated to better outcomes for patients and savings per case for the hospital.
Ultrasonic pulsed Doppler transoesophageal measurement of aortic haemodynamics in humans.

Abstract Centreline blood velocity and exterior wall motion were measured in the descending aorta of humans using an oesophageal probe, a pulsed ultrasound Doppler velocity meter and an ultrasonic echo tracking system. The development of a method for easily measuring haemodynamics in the thoracic region using an oesophageal probe will provide an essentially non-invasive method for the assessment of cardiac function and the nature of blood vessels in that region. Detailed anatomical studies of the thorax were conducted by cross-sectioning of the thorax of a cadaver. Blood velocity waveforms were recorded from the descending aorta both during rest and exercise. In one volunteer, the peak centreline velocity increased from a resting value of approximately 30 cm s −1 to an exercise value of approximately 50 cm s −1 . Vessel diameter waveforms similar to those for pressure were also recorded showing diameter changes of 1.8 mm. The accuracy and resolution of the technique would be improved by multicrystal probes and multigate ultrasonic flowmeters allowing for accurate calculation of the Doppler angle, imaging of vascular flow regions, and measurement of pulse wave velocity.
Abnormal Transient Pupillary Light Reflex in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Computerized binocular infrared pupillography was used to measure the transient pupillary light reflex (PLR) in both children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and children with typical development. We found that participants with ASDs showed significantly longer PLR latency, smaller constriction amplitude and lower constriction velocity than children with typical development. The PLR latency alone can be used to discriminate the ASD group from the control group with a cross-validated success rate of 89.6%. By adding the constriction amplitude, the percentage of correct classification can be further improved to 92.5%. In addition, the right-lateralization of contraction anisocoria that was observed in participants with typical development was not observed in those with ASDs. Further studies are necessary to understand the origin and implications of these observations. It is anticipated that as potential biomarkers, these pupillary light reflex measurements will advance our understanding of neurodevelopmental differences in the autism brain.
Testing Anaerobic Biodegradability of Polymers in a Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill

The objective of this research was to develop an improved technique for measurement of anaerobic biodegradability that more closely simulates decomposition in landfills. Tests were conducted in 2-L reactors that contained a mixture of 14C-labeled test material, fresh refuse, and decomposed refuse as a seed. The four materials evaluated included a pure cellulose, a lignified cellulose (LC), a citric acid cross-linked cellulose (x-C), and a polyacrylate absorbent gel material (AGM). Material biodegradability, as measured by production of 14CH4 and 14CO2, was 55.5, 25.7, 52.0, and 2.5% for purified cellulose, LC, x-C, and AGM, respectively. Total recovery of radiolabel, after measure ment of residual label in the leachate and decomposed refuse, was 77.4, 95.2, 74.1, and 66.7%, respectively. The reactor system provided repeatable results and simulated the refuse decomposition cycle in 6 months. Tests demonstrated that the biodegradability of x-C, a newly developed material, was comparable to that of pure cell...
Variant alkaline phosphatase in human hepatocellular cancers.

Abstract A variant alkaline phosphatase has been found in extracts of tumor in 8 of 10 patients with hepatocellular cancer and 2 of 60 control livers. Its electrophoretic mobility, substrate specificity, heat stability, sensitivity to l -phenylalanine, molecular weight, and behavior with neuraminidase differentiate it from the normal liver phosphatase.
Wear of a C ring seal

Abstract C ring seals, which consist of a flexible metal C ring coated with a soft metal and sandwiched between two surfaces, may be used to seal pressurized systems. The seals are nominally stationary in these applications. However, because of thermal mismatches between the various materials used with some systems, small-amplitude motions can result from thermal changes. Consequently, the wear characteristics of such seals are of interest. To address this, an empirical study of lead-coated and indium-coated rings was carried out to determine the predominant mode of wear and the influence of certain design parameters on this wear. The tests developed to study the wear phenomena involved are discussed here together with the principal results of the study. It was concluded that the primary wear mode for small-amplitude motions is a flow process of the lead and the indium. This wear was found to be influenced by the roughness of the mating surfaces, compression of the C ring and the direction and amplitude of the motions. It was observed that while these coatings were reduced in thickness as a result of the motions, they were never completely removed even under the most severe condition encountered in the study.
An Exploration of Utilization Techniques in Short-Term Hypnotherapy

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore Erickson's concept of utilization in short term hypnotherapy with two clients who had unsuccessful psychotherapy. The resistant patient is described as a person who has lost hope and is imposing that loss onto the therapist. A description of the major therapeutic intervention is presented and related to the importance of (1) hope that things can be different and (2) the therapist's responsibility for demonstrating that change is possible.
The PHELIX pulsed power project: Bringing portable magnetic drive to world class radiography

The PHELIX pulsed power project will introduce magnetically driven hydrodynamics experiments to the Los Alamos National Laboratory's proton radiography facility (pRad). The Precision High Energy-density Liner Implosion eXperiment (PHELIX) has been commissioned at Los Alamos. A small footprint capacitor bank consisting of four parallel connected single-stage marx units (∼500 kJ) is cable coupled to a toroidal, current step-up transformer to deliver multi-Mega-Ampere, ∼10 µs current pulses to cm size cylindrical loads. In a sequence of tests the performance of each component (capacitor bank and transformer) was evaluated and compared to a circuit model. The transformer coupling was observed to be k ∼0.93. The tests culminated in a liner implosion experiment in which an ∼3 cm radius, 0.8 mm thick, ∼3 cm tall aluminum liner was accelerated to a velocity of ∼ 1 km/s. The suite of machine diagnostics included linear Rogowski coils and Faraday rotation for current measurements. The experimental diagnostics include B-dot probes, multi-channel photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV), and single-frame, flash X-radiography to evaluate the performance of the high precision liner implosion. Currently, work is focused on integrating PHELIX into normal operations with the 800 MeV proton radiography facilities. There, high-resolution, high-frame-rate imaging of hydrodynamic experiments will be possible.
High-resolution crystal structures and spectroscopy of native and compound I cytochrome c peroxidase

Cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) is a 32.5 kDa mitochondrial intermembrane space heme peroxidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that reduces H(2)O(2) to 2H(2)O by oxidizing two molecules of cytochrome c (cyt c). Here we compare the 1.2 A native structure (CCP) with the 1.3 A structure of its stable oxidized reaction intermediate, Compound I (CCP1). In addition, crystals were analyzed by UV-vis absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies before and after data collection to determine the state of the Fe(IV) center and the cationic Trp191 radical formed in Compound I. The results show that X-ray exposure does not lead to reduction of Fe(IV) and only partial reduction of the Trp radical. A comparison of the two structures reveals subtle but important conformational changes that aid in the stabilization of the Trp191 cationic radical in Compound I. The higher-resolution data also enable a more accurate determination of changes in heme parameters. Most importantly, when one goes from resting state Fe(III) to Compound I, the His-Fe bond distance increases, the iron moves into the porphyrin plane leading to shorter pyrrole N-Fe bonds, and the Fe(IV)-O bond distance is 1.87 A, suggesting a single Fe(IV)-O bond and not the generally accepted double bond.
Moving From Autonomy to Responsibility in HIV-Related Healthcare

No healthcare issue has generated as much ethical debate on the relationship between the individual and society as HIV Infection. In this debate, an appeal is most often made to such principles as autonomy and confidentiality to protect individuals who are HIV positive or who have AIDS from an invasion of privacy thought to be justified by society's need for information. In the first years, this emphasis on the protection of the individual was essential. Even today, there are risks in disclosing one's HIV status. However, as more and more persons become Infected, live longer, and move within the healthcare industry for non-HIV related care, as both patients and healthcare workers, the terms of the debate need to be redefined.
Crl Facilitates RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme Formation

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli Crl protein has been described as a transcriptional coactivator for the stationary-phase sigma factor σS. In a transcription system with highly purified components, we demonstrate that Crl affects transcription not only by the EσS RNA polymerase holoenzyme but also by Eσ70 and Eσ32. Crl increased transcription dramatically but only when the σ concentration was low and when Crl was added to σ prior to assembly with the core enzyme. Our results suggest that Crl facilitates holoenzyme formation, the first positive regulator identified with this mechanism of action.
Mechanical design of the positioning system for an pff-axis neutral beam

The DIII-D tokamak has 4 neutral beams (NB) for plasma heating, rotation control and current drive. These NBs are all horizontal injection at 19° offset from radial. Three NBs inject in the co-current direction and one NB injects in the counter current direction. The physics program requires two of the co-current NBs to be converted to allow injection at angles between 0° and 16.5° from horizontal by 2013 in order to investigate enhanced off-axis current drive. Each NB will be fully disassembled and it is planned during this task to upgrade thermal performance of internal components to allow for increased pulse length. The positioning system will incorporate 3 hydraulic cylinders to elevate the front and rear of the 35 ton NB. Hydraulic cylinder displacements will be supplied by hydraulic spool valves controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC). The paper will present the following information for this mechanical positioning system: • Design requirements • Linkage arrangement • Loads evaluation including vacuum and seismic loads • Hydraulic circuit including instrumentation
Alterations in the contractile phenotype of the bladder: lessons for understanding physiological and pathological remodelling of smooth muscle

The contractile properties of the urinary bladder are changed by the conditions of normal development and partial bladder outlet obstruction. This change in the contractile phenotype is accompanied by changes in the regulatory cascades and filaments that regulate contractility. This review focuses on such changes during the course of normal development and in response to obstruction. Our goal is to discuss the experimental evidence that has accumulated from work in animal models and correlate these findings with the human voiding phenotype.
Determining gene expression on a single pair of microarrays

Background In microarray experiments the numbers of replicates are often limited due to factors such as cost, availability of sample or poor hybridization. There are currently few choices for the analysis of a pair of microarrays where N = 1 in each condition. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a new algorithm called PINC (PINC is Not Cyber-T) that can analyze Affymetrix microarray experiments.
Prisons Do Not Reduce Recidivism: The High Cost of Ignoring Science

One of the major justifications for the rise of mass incarceration in the United States is that placing offenders behind bars reduces recidivism by teaching them that “crime does not pay.” This rat...
Pregnancy establishment and maintenance in cattle

A single ovulation, reciprocal embryo transfer study was used to investigate effects of oocyte competence and maternal environment on pregnancy establishment and maintenance in beef cows. Estrous cycles were synchronized in suckled beef cows and embryo donors were inseminated on d 0 (n = 810). Cows were classifi ed on d 0 as having a small (<12.5 mm) or large (≥12.5 mm) ovulatory follicle and randomly chosen as donors or recipients to remove confounding effects of ovulatory follicle size on fertility. Embryos (n = 393) or oocytes (n = 44) were recovered on d 7, and all viable embryos were transferred into recipients (n = 354). All statistical analyses were conducted using the GLM pro- cedure of SAS. Path analysis (with signifi cance set at P < 0.10) was used to examine potential cause-effect relationships among the measured variables. Greater donor cow BW, circulating estradiol concentration at insemination, postpartum interval, and ovulatory follicle size directly increased (P < 0.10) fertilization success. Greater donor cow age was the only factor that direct- ly decreased (P < 0.10) fertilization success. Viability of d-7 embryos was directly inhibited (P < 0.10) by rapid follicular growth rate from d -2 to 0 and heavier BW. Direct benefi cial effects to embryo viability were increased serum progesterone concentration on d -2 and ovulatory follicle size. Pregnancy maintenance from d 7 to 27 was enhanced (P < 0.10) by increased serum estra- diol concentration on d 0 and progesterone concentration on d 7 in the recipient cow. Increased follicular diameter in the recipient cow on d 0 was detrimental to pregnancy maintenance from d 7 to 27. This manuscript defi nes the complex interplay and relative contributions of endo- crine and physical factors both prior and subsequent to fertilization that infl uence both oocyte competence and maternal environment and their roles in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.