cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The question of medical psychotherapy.

Using Freud's "Question of Lay Analysis" as a starting point, the author discusses the role of psychotherapy in contemporary psychiatry. Certain larger concerns are addressed, including psychiatric theorization, training, stigma, and "the problem of doing."
Pining for Pete in the Pain Clinic

This case discusses the interaction of nortriptyline and paroxetine. Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that is a cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate and paroxetine is a 2D6 inhibitor. The interaction resulted in TCA toxicity. The metabolism of other TCAs is discussed.
181. The Phenomenological Construct of Self, Voices, and Other Extreme States.

Abstract Traditionally, hallucinations have been understood as abnormalities of perception and delusions as abnormalities of cognition. However, descriptive psychopathologists have long noted the presence of “silent” or thought-like AVHs as well as AVHs with ambiguous perceptual and cognitive qualities. Some researchers have proposed that delusions of reference, control, and communication may at times overlap with or even be indistinguishable from AVHs. This study reports the analyses into the intercept of AVHs and forms of delusions. Ninety-two participants experiencing psychosis participated in the study. Inclusion criteria for the study included participants between the ages of 21–60 who met criteria for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder/psychosis and were currently experiencing AVHs. To advance the area of phenomenology of voices and their interrelatedness to forms of delusions, this study investigated the prevalence and interrelatedness of co-occurring auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and delusions. Additionally, we explored the characterization of distinct subcategories/clusters of AVHs and delusions. Group comparisons of prevalence of co-occurring AVHs and delusions show a significant increased prevalence within the schizophrenia group (χ(1, N = 92) = 11.47, < .001). To identify specific subtypes, we conducted 2-step cluster analysis of preclustering and standard hierarchical clustering algorithm of SCID items pertaining to voices and delusions. The analysis yielded 2 distinct cluster groups. Cluster One: Voices and Thought Delusions and Cluster Two: Voices and Thematic Delusions. The primary cluster predictor algorithm show that delusions of control, thought insertion, thought withdrawal, and thought broadcasting are more discrete variables in identifying cluster subtypes. An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare PANSS 5-factor subscale items between cluster groups. These results show that, participants in the Voices and Thought Delusions cluster experienced increased positive, cognitive, and depressive factor scores. Our analyses provisionally support a reframing of AVHs and thought delusions as endpoints on a shared continuum of attenuated sense of basic self (ipseity). Within this disturbance of ipseity, aspects of agency, authorship, and mineness are experienced as foreign, not self-generated, and with absence of intentionality. These cluster groups begin to disentangle the intrasubjectivity of voices and delusion by characterizing Cluster One: AVH and Thought Delusions as a structure that centers on alterations of basic ipseity and internal/external boundaries, while Cluster Two: AVH and Thematic Delusions centers on exaggerated processes of social internalization (guilt) or externalization (jealousy/delusions of infidelity).
A short discourse on vascular tissue engineering

Vascular tissue engineering has significant potential to make a major impact on a wide array of clinical problems. Continued progress in understanding basic vascular biology will be invaluable in making further advancements. Past and current achievements in tissue engineering of microvasculature to perfuse organ specific constructs, small vessels for dialysis grafts, and modified synthetic and pediatric large caliber-vessel grafts will be discussed. An emphasis will be placed on clinical trial results with small and large-caliber vessel grafts. Challenges to achieving engineered constructs that satisfy the physiologic, immunologic, and manufacturing demands of engineered vasculature will be explored.
A case of molar-incisor hypomineralization with genetic and environmental influences

Background: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a common childhood dental pathology. This paper describes a case with familial involvement and environmental risk factors. Case Description : A 35 - year old female has yellowish-brown opacities present on central and lateral maxillary incisors, right and left maxillary canines, right and left maxillary first molars, and right and left maxillary second molars. A 33-year old male sibling has yellowish-brown opacities on the right and left central and lateral maxillary incisors. The male sibling’s fraternal twin does not have evidence of MIH. A maternal grandmother also had evidence of MIH, though involved teeth are not known. Practical Implications : MIH is a condition with both genetic and environmental components. Practitioners should consider both etiologies when patients present with the condition.
Subtype‐specific effects of dopaminergic D2 receptor activation on synaptic trains in layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex

In humans, prefrontal cortical areas are known to support executive functions. In mice, these functions are mediated by homologous regions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Executive processes are critically dependent on optimal levels of dopamine (DA), but the cellular mechanisms of DA modulation are incompletely understood. Stable patterns of neuronal activity may be sensitive to frequency dependent changes in synaptic transmission. We characterized the effects of D2 receptor (D2R) activation on short-term excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) dynamics evoked at varying frequencies in the two subtypes of layer V pyramidal neurons in mouse mPFC. We isolated NMDA receptor and non-NMDA receptor mediated components of EPSP trains evoked by stimulating fibers within layer V or layer I. All significant effects of D2 receptor activation were confined to type I (corticopontine) cells. First, we found that with layer I stimulation, D2R activation reduces the amplitude of NMDAR-mediated EPSP’s, with no effect on facilitation or depression of these responses at lower frequencies, but leading to facilitation with high frequency stimulation. Further, the non-NMDA component also underwent synaptic depression at low frequencies. Second, with layer V stimulation, D2R activation had no effect on NMDA or non-NMDA receptor mediated EPSP components. Overall, our results suggest that D2R activation may modulate memory functions by inhibiting ‘top-down’ influences from apical tuft inputs activated at low frequencies, while promoting ‘top-down’ influences from inputs activated at higher frequencies. These data provide further insight into mechanisms of dopamine’s modulation of executive functions.
Principle Versus Profit: Debating Human Rights Sanctions

Economic sanctions are a primary tool the US government and international organizations use to promote human rights abroad, yet they have proven to be largely ineffective and harmful to civilians. There is accumulating evidence that this paradox may be explained by the expressive purposes of sanctions and domestic politics. This article further explores these explanations by examining human rights sanction policy debates. Specifically, I analyzed 27 US Congressional hearings on human rights policy toward China (1990–1999). I argue that moral pressure enabled support for human rights sanctions, high costs fueled opposition to them, and discussions of effectiveness were marginal to the debate. The findings contribute to past studies by (1) identifying the psychological and sociological mechanisms by which legislators circumvent arguments of sanction ineffectiveness and harmfulness and (2) delineating the role of business, human rights, and ethnic interest groups in enabling and constraining support for human rights sanctions.
LARGE BIATRIAL THROMBUS TRAVERSING THROUGH AN ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT

A thrombus in the right sided chambers of the heart, also known as “thrombus in transit”, often traverses through the venous system in the setting of a pulmonary embolus. We describe a case of a 29-year-old male found to have biatrial thrombi across an incidentally found atrial septal defect
Validation of a personalized risk prediction model for contralateral breast cancer

Women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer are increasingly choosing to remove their other unaffected breast through contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) to reduce the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Yet a large proportion of CPMs are believed to be medically unnecessary. Thus, there is a pressing need to educate patients effectively on their CBC risk. We had earlier developed a CBC risk prediction model called CBCRisk based on eight personal risk factors. In this study, we validate CBCRisk on independent clinical data from the Johns Hopkins University (JH) and MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA). Women whose first breast cancer diagnosis was either invasive and/or ductal carcinoma in situ and whose age at first diagnosis was between 18 and 88 years were included in the cohorts because CBCRisk was developed specifically for these women. A woman who develops CBC is called a case whereas a woman who does not is called a control. The cohort sizes are 6035 (with 117 CBC cases) for JH and 5185 (with 111 CBC cases) for MDA. We computed the relevant calibration and validation measures for 3- and 5-year risk predictions. We found that the model performs reasonably well for both cohorts. In particular, area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the two cohorts range from 0.61 to 0.65. With this independent validation, CBCRisk can be used confidently in clinical settings for counseling BC patients by providing their individualized CBC risk. In turn, this may potentially help alleviate the rate of medically unnecessary CPMs.
Production of monodisperse cerium oxide microspheres with diameters near 100 µm by internal-gelation sol–gel methods

Internal-gelation sol–gel methods have used a variety of sphere-forming methods in the past to produce metal oxide microspheres, but typically with poor control over the size uniformity at diameters near 100 µm. This work describes efforts to make and measure internal-gelation, sol–gel microspheres with very uniform diameters in the 100–200-µm size range using a two-fluid nozzle. A custom apparatus was used to form aqueous droplets of sol–gel feed solutions in silicone oil and heat them to cause gelation of the spheres. Gelled spheres were washed, dried, and sintered prior to mounting them on glass slides for optical imaging and analysis. Microsphere diameters and shape factors were determined as a function of silicone oil flow rate in a two-fluid nozzle and the size of a needle dispensing the aqueous sol–gel solution. Nine batches of microspheres were analyzed and had diameters ranging from 65.5 ± 2.4 µm for the smallest needle and the fastest silicone oil flow rate to 211 ± 4.7 µm for the largest needle and the slowest silicone oil flow rate. Standard deviations for measured diameters were less than 8% for all samples and most of them were less than 4%. Microspheres had excellent circularity with measured shape factors of 0.9–1. However, processing of optical images was complicated by shadow effects in the photoresist layer on glass slides and by overlapping microspheres. Based on the calculated flow parameters, microspheres were produced in a simple dripping mode in the two-fluid nozzle. Using flow rates consistent with a simple dripping mode in a two-fluid nozzle configuration allows for very uniform oxide microspheres to be produced using the internal-gelation sol–gel method.
Case Study on the Use of REST Architectural Principles for Scientific Analysis: CAMERA – Community Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis

The advent of Grid (and by extension Cloud) Computing along with Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) principles have lead to a fundamental shift in the development of end-user application environments. In the scientific domain, this loosely coupled, multi-tiered software architecture has been quickly adopted as raw data sizes have rapidly grown to a point where typical user workstations can no longer perform the necessary computational and data-intensive analyses. A current challenge facing the design and development of SOA involves the management and maintenance of many loosely coupled service components. As with many large applications, “integration” is equally important as “coding”. A resource orientated architecture style serves well in addressing these challenges. Here we present the CAMERA (Community Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis) project as a case study for a SOA in scientific research environments.
Veronese’s Non-Archimedean Linear Continuum

In 1907 Hans Hahn of Vienna published an article on non-archimedean systems of quantities [1]. The study of such systems, according to Hahn, goes back to Paul du Bois-Reymond and Otto Stolz. (It actually goes back further — consider horn angles in ancient Greece, for example.) The work of du Bois-Reymond was published between 1870 and 1882 (Hahn cites only two articles, 1875 and 1877). That of Stolz appeared from 1879 to 1896 (Hahn cites articles of 1881, 1883 and 1891). Hahn also observes that Rodolfo Bettazzi handles some questions of this kind in his Teoria delle grandezze of 1890 [2], and that Giuseppe Veronese built a geometry without use of the Archimedean axiom in his “mathematically and philosophically significant” Fondamenti di geometria of 1891, which was translated into German by Adolf Schepp with some changes by Veronese in 1894 [3, 4]. Veronese subsequently answered various objections to his work — Hahn cites articles of 1896, 1897 and 1898. Tullio Levi-Civita, as Hahn says, gave an arithmetical representation of Veronese’s continuum in 1892/1893 and 1898 [5, 6]. Finally, Hahn cites Arthur Schoenflies’ article of 1906 [7].
Balancing Work, School, and Personal Life among Graduate Students: a Positive Psychology Approach

Graduate students are faced with an array of responsibilities in their personal and professional lives, yet little research has explored how working students maintain a sense of well-being while managing work, school, and personal-life. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and work-family enrichment theory, we explored personal, psychological resources that increase enrichment and decrease conflict, and in turn decrease perceptions of stress. In a study of 231 employed graduate students, we found that mindfulness was negatively related to stress via perceptions of conflict and enrichment, whereas self-compassion, resilience, and recovery experience were negatively related to stress, but only through conflict, not enrichment. These findings suggest that graduate students who are able to be “in the moment” may experience higher levels of well-being, in part due to greater enrichment and lower conflict.
A Two-Tiered Heterogeneous and Reconfigurable Application Processor for Future Internet of Things

The Internet of things (IoT) is leading the world into a future of ubiquitous connectivity. The heterogeneity within the IoT domain necessitates a highly flexible, secure, dependable, and energy-efficient IoT processor architecture. In this paper, we propose a novel processor architecture for IoT that renders energy efficiency, high-performance, flexibility, security, and dependability to meet the diverse application requirements. To address the stringent energy efficiency demands of IoT devices, we propose a two-tiered heterogeneous processor architecture that is composed of a high-performance optimized reconfigurable host processor which controls a number of low-power optimized interface processors. The proposed IoT architecture also incorporates reconfigurability in host processors' computing and communication parameters and co-processor extensions to impart flexibility and additional energy savings. The proposed IoT architecture contains various security co-processor extensions to support various security primitives including encryption and decryption, key generation, integrity verification, and device authentication. Finally, the proposed architecture incorporates reliability and dependability through various hardware-and software-based fault tolerance methods. Experimental results present and compare microarchitecture configurations for host and interface processors obtained through an efficient design space exploration methodology. We have implemented selected security and dependability primitives of our proposed IoT architecture on a Xilinx Spartan-6 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Results reveal that our proposed IoT architecture can attain a speedup of 47.93x while consuming 2.4x lesser energy for furnishing security and dependability primitives as compared to an optimized ARM implementation of similar security and dependability primitives.
A Commercially Available Thermogenic Dietary Supplement Increases Resting Metabolic Rate in Physically Active Males: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Investigation.

Males seeking to improve body composition may ingest thermogenic dietary supplements with the goal of elevating resting metabolic rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a com...
Invariance Principles for Ergodic Systems with Slowly \(\alpha \)-Mixing Inducing Base

We investigate a class of ergodic systems, which admit an inducing base with a slowly \(\alpha \)-mixing generating partition. Under suitable moment condition on the first return time, we prove the almost sure invariance principle (ASIP) for adapted stationary processes. Our results apply to intermittent maps and billiards with flat points.
Estimating Edge-Local Triangle Count Heavy Hitters in Edge-Linear Time and Almost-Vertex-Linear Space

We describe a methodology for estimating edge-local triangle counts using cardinality approximation sketches. While the approach does not guarantee relative error bounds, we will show that it preserves triangle count heavy hitters - the edges incident upon the largest number of triangles - well in practice. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence that the sum of edge-local estimations yield reasonable estimates of the global triangle count for free. In this paper we describe a two-pass algorithm for estimating edge-local triangle count heavy hitters. The algorithm requires time linear in the number of edges, memory almost linear in the number of vertices, and is easy to parallelize. We provide results on dozens of real-world and synthetic graphs.
A local existence result for Poincaré-Einstein metrics

Abstract Given a closed Riemannian manifold ( M , g M ) of dimension n ≥ 3 , we prove the existence of a conformally compact Einstein metric g + defined on a collar neighborhood M × ( 0 , 1 ] whose conformal infinity is [ g M ] .
Prospect of Flash Memory Chip for Dosimetry Application in Low Dose Environment

In this paper we present a method to detect and measure radiation level for low dose radiation environment in a longer duration of time. We demonstrate that the state-of-the-art commercial off the shelf flash chips are sensitive enough to detect weak sources of Gamma-ray exposure. The sensitivity of the chip is measured by correlating data corruption rate as a function of days of exposure to radiation. In this work, we are expanding our past work in which we showed the usefulness of flash chip for the dosimetry applications under harsh radiation environment. Here, we are demonstrating that the same chips can be used for personal dosimetry when the sources are not strong enough but leaves an impact over longer duration. We have used four chips and compared their bit error rate under both controlled (no radiation) and exposed environment. We found that even the weak sources made a significant impact on the semiconductor device. We observed significantly higher (and easily detectable) bit error rate under weak radiation exposure than the controlled environment.
A Review of: “Westley, Frances R., and Philip S. Miller. Experiments in Consilience: Integrating Social and Scientific Responses to Save Endangered Species”

Rarely do animal or plant species become endangered due entirely to their own actions. Rather, some outside force creates conditions for endangerment. There is one outside force that usually promot...
Political corruption and the congestion of controllability in social networks

By viewing political and social corruption through the lens of the control theory of complex systems, this paper will provide some insight into the effects of corruption and outside control on incentives which direct the formation and evolution of social networks, and the intrinsic hierarchies which they encode. This paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that changes in the rate of competition among nodes to raise their control capacity, incentivized by the anticipation of payment through political corruption opportunities, can be identified by changes in an indicator of the controllability of the network at points where the network undergoes a structural change. A theoretical model of control input preference is formulated which leads to a testable hypothesis about the direction of correlation between controllability of a network and the presence of corruption. Results support the hypothesis that as corruption increases, the network becomes more difficult to control as all members alter their linking strategies to ensure that they get a piece of the action. We describe this novel effect as “hierarchical congestion”, to reflect the emergent phenomenon in which individuals making effort to move themselves to the top of the controllability hierarchy increase the number of driver nodes required to fully control the network.
Progress in Plasma Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genes

Publisher Summary Increasingly, the primary structures of plasma proteins are being inferred from the results of gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing especially for those which have important biological activities, but that are present in trace amounts and are hard to purify. The flood of new structures that have resulted from protein sequencing is being greatly accelerated and even surpassed by nucleotide sequencing. Most plasma proteins are glycoproteins, and some have up to 30% carbohydrate; this adversely affects crystallographic analysis. Excluding Fab and Fc fragments and light chains of immunoglobulins, about 20 human plasma proteins have been crystallized. X-ray crystalloographic analysis of IgG and its fragments has essentially defined the main topographical features of the structure of antibodies and of the combining site in rather fine detail. Because of the large size of some plasma proteins, electron microscopy has recently proven useful in a few instances for visualization of the shape and domain structure despite the low electron density of the proteins.
Shaping Waves of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Inhibition During Vascular Growth.

Rationale: The BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) are essential morphogens in angiogenesis and vascular development. Disruption of BMP signaling can trigger cardiovascular diseases, such as arterio...
Biomaterial-based approaches to engineering immune tolerance

The development of biomaterial-based therapeutics to induce immune tolerance holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and graft rejection in transplantation. Historical approaches to treat these immunological challenges have primarily relied on systemic delivery of broadly-acting immunosuppressive agents that confer undesirable, off-target effects. The evolution and expansion of biomaterial platforms has proven to be a powerful tool in engineering immunotherapeutics and enabled a great diversity of novel and targeted approaches in engineering immune tolerance, with the potential to eliminate side effects associated with systemic, non-specific immunosuppressive approaches. In this review, we summarize the technological advances within three broad biomaterials-based strategies to engineering immune tolerance: nonspecific tolerogenic agent delivery, antigen-specific tolerogenic therapy, and the emergent area of tolerogenic cell therapy.
Evaluation of opioid prescription patterns among patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

BACKGROUND There is variability in opioid prescription patterns among surgeons performing thyroidectomy. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate opioid prescription rates and opioid use among hemithyroidectomy (HT) and total thyroidectomy (TT) patients. DESIGN/METHOD An electronic postoperative survey was distributed to assess opiate use among patients undergoing HT/TT. Groups were compared using t-tests, chi-square tests, and analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 142 opiate naive patients were included, of which 75 (52.8%) underwent HT and 67 (47.1%) underwent TT. The mean number of tablets prescribed was 21.3 (HT = 22.1, TT = 20.4; P = 0.3), with a mean of 14.1 tablets unused after surgery (HT = 13.2 tablets, TT = 15.0 tablets; P = 0.44). The mean morphine milligram equivalent (MME) prescribed was 150.1 mg (HT = 159.0 mg, TT = 140.2 mg; P = 0.3), with a mean of 98.2 MME unused after surgery (HT = 93.7 mg, TT = 103.2 mg; P = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Opioids are overprescribed after thyroid surgery. Avoidance of overprescribing is vital in mitigating the current opioid crisis.
Impacts of Norse settlement on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in Southwest Iceland

Norse colonization of North Atlantic islands in the 1st millennium of the Common Era led to drastic prehistoric environmental changes in these previously “pristine” landscapes. In Iceland, Norse settlement is associated with a rapid decline in birch trees and heightened soil erosion, yet the timing of Norse exploration in the North Atlantic coincided with large climate changes that also influenced Icelandic environments. To date, there are few records that disentangle climatic and human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, and there has been very little work on the impacts of Norse arrival on Iceland’s aquatic ecosystems. Here we use a high-resolution lake-sediment record from Vestra Gislholtsvatn (VGHV), southwest Iceland to investigate these processes during the last 2,000 years. Norse arrival (c. 870 CE) in Iceland is followed by a rapid increase in sedimentation rate and a transition in leaf wax n-alkanes indicating a decrease in trees and expansion of grasses. This transition coincides with limnological changes, including increased primary productivity (i.e. C17 n-alkane and biogenic opal fluxes) and shifts in the haptophyte algal community. Many of these changes are still apparent today. Comparisons with a new winter-spring alkenone temperature reconstruction from VGHV and marine sea surface temperature records show little to no correlation between terrestrial and aquatic ecological changes and climate at this time. Similarly, volcanic eruptions recorded in VGHV are not associated with any long-term environmental changes. Rather, the VGHV record suggests that human settlement had a lasting impact on the catchment area of VGHV and changes within the lake ecosystem.
Intraoperative Impedance Planimetry (ENDOFLIP)

The Endoluminal Functional Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) impedance planimetry system provides real-time three-dimensional images of gastrointestinal sphincters of interest, particularly the esophagogastric junction. This allows for real-time objective measurements during the surgical management of foregut diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia. Literature continues to grow on how to best utilize this recent technology to improve patient outcomes. This outlines the intraoperative utilization of EndoFLIP.
Elevated temperatures drive abiotic and biotic degradation of organic matter in a peat bog under oxic conditions.

Abstract Understanding the effects of elevated temperatures on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition pathways in northern peatlands is central to predicting their fate under future warming. Peatlands role as carbon (C) sink is dependent on both anoxic conditions and low temperatures that limit SOM decomposition. Previous studies have shown that elevated temperatures due to climate change can disrupt peatland's C balance by enhancing SOM decomposition and increasing CO2 emissions. However, little is known about how SOM decomposition pathways change at higher temperatures. Here, we used an integrated research approach to investigate the mechanisms behind enhanced CO2 emissions and SOM decomposition under elevated temperatures of surface peat soil collected from a raised and Sphagnum dominated mid-continental bog (S1 bog) peatland at the Marcel Experimental Forest in Minnesota, USA, incubated under oxic conditions at three different temperatures (4, 21, and 35 °C). Our results indicated that elevated temperatures could destabilize peatland's C pool via a combination of abiotic and biotic processes. In particular, temperature-driven changes in redox conditions can lead to abiotic destabilization of Fe-organic matter (phenol) complexes, previously an underestimated decomposition pathway in peatlands, leading to increased CO2 production and accumulation of polyphenol-like compounds that could further inhibit extracellular enzyme activities and/or fuel the microbial communities with labile compounds. Further, increased temperatures can alter strategies of microbial communities for nutrient acquisition via changes in the activities of extracellular enzymes by priming SOM decomposition, leading to enhanced CO2 emission from peatlands. Therefore, coupled biotic and abiotic processes need to be incorporated into process-based climate models to predict the fate of SOM under elevated temperatures and to project the likely impacts of environmental change on northern peatlands and CO2 emissions.
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN LEADING COUNTRIES OF WESTERN AND NORTHERN EUROPE

At the current stage of Ukrainian state integration into European community, country leaders face new challenges that require efficiency improvement of public management and public administration based on democracy and human-centeredness. Urgency of public leadership development in Ukraine is closely related to the foreign countries’ experience study on the mechanisms of formation and development of public leadership, characterized by a high level of moral values, responsibility, communication, modesty. The new management paradigm, being implemented in public administration and public management in Ukraine, also requires introduction of new qualities in public leadership, manifested through establishment of moral values in the leader's personality, leader’s behavior in public service reform. According to the author, such qualities of leadership as delegation of powers in public authorities, intersectoral cooperation in public administration determine development of leadership in the context of educational trends in foreign countries. The author believes that today an important aspect in the development of public leadership is the mobilization aspect of the efforts of all leaders and subordinates of public authorities and leaders of civil society institutions to overcome crises and do complex reforms in public administration. Such crises include ensuring stability in global fight against the GOVID-19 pandemic. However, problem of public leadership development in this aspect has not been properly reflected in modern scientific sources. The article reveals priority models of public leadership of Western Scandinavian countries as a prerequisite for formation of successful personality, successful leadership qualities, the trend of which is such an important factor as publicity, because before the 90s of the twentieth century not all government officials in European countries were public.
Utilizing Tajima's D to identify potential microbe-associated molecular patterns in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and X. perforans

Abstract The coevolution between plants and pathogens constitutes a significant proportion of evolutionary history for both host and parasite. Here we used the population genetics test statistic Tajima's D to identify genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions between tomato and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and X. perforans, the causal agents of bacterial spot disease of tomato. We assessed the usefulness of this method and experimentally confirmed alleles of known microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Overall, we demonstrated the utility of population genetic statistics such as Tajima's D for the identification of genes that may be important for pathogen recognition by the host immune machinery.
Esteroproteolytic enzymes from the submaxillary gland. Kinetics and other physicochemical properties.

Abstract Two esteroproteolytic enzymes (A and D) have been isolated from the mouse submaxillary gland and shown to be pure by ultracentrifugation, immunoelectrophoresis, acrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and amino acid analyses. The enzymes have molecular weights of approximately 30,000 and are structurally and antigenically related. Narrow pH optima between 7.5 and 8.0 are exhibited by both enzymes. The “pK1's” are between 6.0 and 6.5 and the “pK2's” are near 9.0. A marked preference for arginine-containing esters is shown by both enzymes. The maximum specific activity of enzyme A on p-tosylarginine methyl ester (TAME) at pH 8 was 2500–3000 μ m min−1 mg−1 and for enzyme D, 400–600 μ m min−1 mg−1. With TAME as substrate, the Km for enzyme A was 8 × 10−4 m at 25 °C and 6 × 10−4 m at 37 °C. For D, Km was 3 × 10−4 at 25 °C and 2 × 10−4 m at 37 °C. An apparent activation of enzyme D by tosylarginine (TA), a product of TAME hydrolysis, and all α-amino acids examined was due to removal of an inhibitor by chelation. This effect could be duplicated by 8-hydroxyquinoline and diethyldithiocarbamate but not by EDTA. Enzyme A was not affected by these substances to any remarkable extent. Several divalent ions proved to be potent inhibitors of enzyme D. Both enzymes are inactivated by the active site reagents diisopropyl phosphofluoridate and tosyllysine chloromethylketone but much less rapidly than is trypsin. Nitrophenyl-4-guanidionobenzoate reacts with a burst of nitrophenol liberation but with a rapid continuing hydrolysis. One active site per molecule is indicated. Enzyme D is inactivated by urea, reversibly at 10 m and with maximal permanent losses at 6 m . Autolysis of the unfolded form by the native enzyme when they coexist at intermediate urea concentrations appears to occur. Identity of enzyme D and the epithelial growth factor binding protein is demonstrated.
Steerable Distributed Large-Aperture Audio Array Using Low-Power Wireless Acoustic Sensor Nodes

Recent advancements in low-power wireless communication technologies allow for rapid deployable embedded monitoring applications with a deployment lifetime of several weeks of months. In this work, we present a work-in-progress wireless audio streaming solution that uses a network of small wireless microphone arrays to form a distributed steerable large-aperture array. To keep the application’s communication bandwidth requirements manageable, we use a hierarchical data fusion algorithm that allows for delay-and-sum style beamforming to be carried out in-network, streaming the audio data along a routing tree to a base station. With the proposed distributed beamforming approach, it is sufficient to communicate as few as log(n) data streams for a network of n sensors, which is a significant reduction from a centralized approach that would require all n streams to be routed to the base station.
On the physical properties of red cell ghost membranes in the affective disorders and psychoses. A fluorescence polarization study.

Membrane order was measured in the erythrocyte ghost membranes of DSM-III schizophreniform disorder (SF), DSM-III schizophrenic (SCZ) and DSM-III manic (bipolar) (M) patients and a group of age- and sex-matched controls. Fluorescence polarization with the probe 1,6-diphenyl1-1,3,5-hexatriene was used to determine the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy (rs). The SF group showed a significant increase in rs (Δrs = 0.037) from the control group. Although the means were not significantly different, 3 of 8 Ms and 5 of 8 SCZs also had rs values > the highest control value. Thermotropic behavior of the membranes was evaluated over the range of 40 to 20°C. No difference among groups in membrane enthalpy was detected. Thus, the differences in rs appear to be associated with differences in entropy. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels, which were known to be abnormal in these patients, were compared with the rs values. A significant (P < 0.001, r= -0.63) linear correlation between rs and membrane PC levels was observed. Overall these data further support the view that unusual membrane biophysical factors may occur with high frequency in the psychoses and affective disorders.
A MODIFIED MOBILIZATION‐WITH‐MOVEMENT TO TREAT A LATERAL ANKLE SPRAIN

Introduction and Background: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common in sports medicine and can result in a high rate of re‐injury and chronic ankle instability (CAI). Recent evidence supports the use on mobilizations directed at the ankle in patients who have suffered a LAS. The Mulligan Concept of Mobilization‐with‐Movement (MWM) provides an intervention strategy for LASs, but requires pain‐free mobilization application and little literature exists on modifications of these techniques.
The effect of rule use on the utility of explanation-based learning

The utility problem in explanation-based learning concerns the ability of learned rules or plans to actually improve the performance of a problem solving system. Previous research on this problem has focused on the amount, content, or form of learned information. This paper examines the effect of the use of learned information on performance. Experiments and informal analysis show that unconstrained use of learned rules eventually leads to degraded performance. However, constraining the use of learned rules helps avoid the negative effect of learning and lead to overall performance improvement. Search strategy is also shown to have a substantial effect on the contribution of learning to performance by affecting the manner in which learned rules arc used. These effects help explain why previous experiments have obtained a variety of different results concerning the impact of explanation-based learning on performance.
Biochemical and Histochemical Evidence of Nonspecific Binding of α7nAChR Antibodies to Mouse Brain Tissue

Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in learning and memory, and are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Detection of alpha7 subunits can be accomplished via immunodetection or alpha-bungarotoxin-binding techniques. Standard protocols for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were followed using several commercially available antibodies. Various mice were evaluated, including non-transgenics, APP, PS1, APP+PS1, and alpha7 knockouts. Initial results with amyloid-depositing mice revealed alpha7 immunolabeled astrocytes, in addition to expected neuronal staining. Subsequent studies with intrahippocampal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into alpha7 knockout mice showed that both neuronal and astrocytic labeling by alpha7 antibodies was nonspecific. On Western blots of mouse brain proteins, none of the bands detected with antibodies directed against alpha7 subunits diminished in the alpha7 knockout mice. Although LPS-related changes in the expression of some bands were found, these also were unaffected by the alpha7 genotype of the mice. In general, the Western staining patterns for these antibodies revealed few overlapping bands. These immunodetection data are in contrast to genotyping results and mRNA analyses that confirmed the disruption of the alpha7 allele and lack of alpha7 message in the knockouts. These findings suggest caution in interpreting results when using several commercially available alpha7 nicotinic receptor antibodies.
Focusing of Phonons in Crystalline Solids due to Elastic Anisotropy.

Large differences (up to a factor of 100) have been observed in the intensity of phonons of different polarizations propagating ballistically in LiF, KCl, and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. These observations were made by means of heat-pulse experiments carried out on single crystals, in the temperature range 1.5-3.5 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results are explained in terms of phonon focusing due to the fact that in elastically anisotropic crystals the phonon phase and group velocities are, in general, not collinear. Calculations of the focusing effect, to determine the relative intensities of phonons of each polarization in many crystal directions, have been carried out for a number of solids. The results of these calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results obtained in this study, as well as with those obtained by other investigators on Si, Ge, and NaF.
The preparation and properties of BaTa0.8S3, BaNb0.8S3, and BaTa0.8Se3

Abstract Compounds of the formulas BaTa 0.8 S 3 , BaNb 0.8 S 3 , and BaTa 0.8 Se 3 were prepared by two methods: reaction of the elements in evacuated silica tubes and reaction of H 2 S over mixtures of BaCO 3 and 0.4Ta(Nb) 2 O 5 . They have the hexagonal BaNiO 3 -type structure and are diamagnetic semiconductors. From the stoichiometries and properties we conclude that Nb and Ta are pentavalent.
Bonding of goats to sheep and cattle for protection from predators

Abstract Fourteen 5-month-old mohair goats previously confined with heifers for 60 days were randomized into two groups. Group 1 was confined with two heifers for an additional 14 days. Group 2 was confined with eight previously cattle-bonded sheep and a heifer for 14 days. A third group of six non-bonded sheep and seven goats, and three heifers with calves served as a control. The three groups were randomized among three brushy range pastures averaging 190 ha and rotated whenever a goat or sheep was found dead or missing. Control goats, control lambs and Group 1 goats were observed to move independently of the cattle. Group 2 goats consistently stayed with the bonded sheep and cattle. Sheep and goats which did not stay with cattle were killed by predators starting 5 days after going to pasture. Within 10 days all goats, one lamb from the control group and six of the seven goats from Group 1 were dead, wounded or missing. Only the smallest goat in Group 2 was lost. This group was rotated among the three pastures for an additional 21 days with no further loss.
RNA polymerase II transcription is required for human papillomavirus type 16 E7- and hydroxyurea-induced centriole overduplication

Aberrant centrosome numbers are detected in virtually all human cancers where they can contribute to chromosomal instability by promoting mitotic spindle abnormalities. Despite their widespread occurrence, the molecular mechanisms that underlie centrosome amplification are only beginning to emerge. Here, we present evidence for a novel regulatory circuit involved in centrosome overduplication that centers on RNA polymerase II (pol II). We found that human papillomavirus type 16 E7 (HPV-16 E7)- and hydroxyurea (HU)-induced centriole overduplication are abrogated by α-amanitin, a potent and specific RNA pol II inhibitor. In contrast, normal centriole duplication proceeded undisturbed in α-amanitin-treated cells. Centriole overduplication was significantly reduced by siRNA-mediated knock down of CREB-binding protein (CBP), a transcriptional co-activator. We identified cyclin A2 as a key transcriptional target of RNA pol II during HU-induced centriole overduplication. Collectively, our results show that ongoing RNA pol II transcription is required for centriole overduplication whereas it may be dispensable for normal centriole duplication. Given that many chemotherapeutic agents function through inhibition of transcription, our results may help to develop strategies to target centrosome-mediated chromosomal instability for cancer therapy and prevention.
The role of impulsivity in pediatric obesity and weight status: A meta-analytic review

Pediatric obesity has reached epidemic proportions over the last two decades; however little research has focused on the behavioral mechanisms that may contribute to the rise of obesity in youth and adolescents. Impulsivity has been examined as a mechanism underlying the displacement of physical activity and the increase in food consumption, however this research is limited. The present meta-analysis aimed to address mixed findings of previous research by determining a relative effect of impulsivity on pediatric obesity. A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria for the present meta-analysis for a total sample size of 3898 participants (k=27) aged 2-21years (M=10.99). Using the statistical software, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 2.0-Hedges' g was computed to estimate effect size. Results revealed a moderate effect size, such that impulsivity was greater among overweight/obese children, relative to healthy weight children (g=0.406). Significant moderating effects were found for the type of measure used (g=0.426) and the dimension of impulsivity examined (g=0.402). The current study emphasizes the need for further research on the role of impulsivity in pediatric obesity as additional findings may aid in the enhancement of future prevention and intervention weight management programs.
Microbeams, microdosimetry and specific dose

Dose and its usefulness as a single parameter to describe the amount of radiation absorbed are well established for most situations. The conditions where the concept of dose starts to break down are well known, mostly from the study of microdosimetry. For low doses of high LET radiation it is noted that the process of taking the limiting value of the energy absorbed within a test volume divided by the mass within that volume yields either zero or a relatively large value. The problem is further exacerbated with microbeam irradiations where the uniformity of the energy deposition is experimentally manipulated on the spatial scale of cells being irradiated. Booz introduced a quantity to deal with these problems: the unfortunately named 'mean specific energy in affected volumes'. This quantity multiplied by the probability that a test volume has received an energy deposit is equal to dose (in situations where dose can be defined). I propose that Booz's quantity be renamed 'specific dose', that is the mean energy deposited divided by the mass within a specified volume. If we believe for instance that the nucleus of a cell is the critical volume for biological effects, we can refer to the nuclear specific dose. A microbeam experiment wherein 10 per cent of the cell nuclei were targeted with 10 alpha particles would be described as delivering a nuclear specific dose of 1.6 Gy to 10 per cent of the population.