cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Ageism, Experience, and Relationships with Older Adults on Physical Therapy Students’ Perception of Geriatrics

Introduction: Increased exposure to geriatrics throughout a student's professional education has been reported to improve the desire to work in this area; however, factors that influence the perception of geriatric physical therapy may prohibit students from actively seeking those experiences. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of geriatric physical therapy by first-year graduate physical therapy students. Design: A qualitative case study research approach was performed. Method: Three focus groups were completed using students enrolled in their second semester of a graduate-level physical therapy program. Dialogue was reviewed and coded by three raters. Twenty-five subcategories of open-coding terms were triangulated and grouped into 4 themes via axial coding. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) ageism exists in health care, (2) personal and professional experiences serve as a framework for students’ perception of geriatrics, (3) interpersonal relationships formed within geria...
Serotonergic regulation of melanocyte conversion: A bioelectrically regulated network for stochastic all-or-none hyperpigmentation

Experimentally induced depolarization of resting membrane potential in "instructor cells" in Xenopus laevis embryos causes hyperpigmentation in an all-or-none fashion in some tadpoles due to excess proliferation and migration of melanocytes. We showed that this stochastic process involved serotonin signaling, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and the transcription factors cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), Sox10, and Slug. Transcriptional microarray analysis of embryos taken at stage 15 (early neurula) and stage 45 (free-swimming tadpole) revealed changes in the abundance of 45 and 517 transcripts, respectively, between control embryos and embryos exposed to the instructor cell-depolarizing agent ivermectin. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the human homologs of some of the differentially regulated genes were associated with cancer, consistent with the induced arborization and invasive behavior of converted melanocytes. We identified a physiological circuit that uses serotonergic signaling between instructor cells, melanotrope cells of the pituitary, and melanocytes to control the proliferation, cell shape, and migration properties of the pigment cell pool. To understand the stochasticity and properties of this multiscale signaling system, we applied a computational machine-learning method that iteratively explored network models to reverse-engineer a stochastic dynamic model that recapitulated the frequency of the all-or-none hyperpigmentation phenotype produced in response to various pharmacological and molecular genetic manipulations. This computational approach may provide insight into stochastic cellular decision-making that occurs during normal development and pathological conditions, such as cancer.
Improving Outcomes of Opioid Overdose: Preparing Nursing Students to Intervene.

PROBLEM: Death by overdose has been steadily increasing since 1992 and has become a public health epidemic. With the rise of prescription pain medications for nonmedical use and the highest use of illicit substances by those ages 18-25, the need for action is imperative. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine whether an educational intervention had an effect on nursing students' knowledge and skills regarding administration of intranasal naloxone for opioid overdose. METHOD: A convenience sample of baccalaureate nursing students was recruited for the study. A pretest/posttest design was used to evaluate the educational intervention. A paired t test was used to compare differences in pre- and posttest scores. RESULTS: A total of 49 students completed the study. The majority were women ages 25 and below, 31 (63.2%) had some or no background knowledge of opioid overdose, and 42 (85.7%) had not received previous training on intranasal naloxone. Student knowledge increased significantly (p CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of this brief training was effective for increasing the knowledge of opioid overdose for an at-risk population. The nursing student is in a unique position to educate, train, and intervene for peers, friends, and family members who are at high risk for an opiate overdose. Nursing students have a pronounced advantage to assess for respiratory depression and initiate CPR, thereby interrupting a fatal overdose. Language: en
Level structure of 106 Pd from the decay of 106 Rh g

The low-spin level structure of $^{106}\mathrm{Pd}$ was studied using high-resolution large volume Ge(Li) detectors for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray singles, coincidence, and angular correlation measurements. The measurements allowed the resolution of most of the discrepancies found among previous studies. In particular, the use of two Ge(Li) detectors for coincidences and angular correlations allowed unambiguous placement of previously multiply placed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and resolved discrepancies in energy level or ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments. The experimental level structure and $B(E2)$ ratios are compared with predictions of an anharmonic spherical vibrator model and a rotor-vibrator model; we find that the evidence strongly supports the latter of the two models.
Effects of glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the phosphorylase activity and gluconeogenesis in rat liver slices.

SummaryAlthough glucagon alone or in combination with theophylline increased cyclic 3′,5′-AMP levels and activated glycogen phosphorylase in rat liver slices, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis were not increased under these conditions.
006.4 Azithromycin versus doxycycline for urogenital chlamydia: a randomised clinical trial in females and males in youth correctional facilities

Background Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection (“chlamydia”) remains highly prevalent and causes significant reproductive morbidity. Earlier randomised chlamydia treatment trials comparing azithromycin 1g versus a 7-day regimen of doxycycline 100mg twice daily reported high cure rates, but used less sensitive diagnostics and results may have been confounded by chlamydia re-exposure or doxycycline nonadherence. Recent studies have raised concern about azithromycin efficacy for chlamydia. Methods We conducted a randomised trial comparing azithromycin versus doxycycline for chlamydia in males and females in youth correctional facilities (YCFs) to evaluate for noninferiority of azithromycin compared to doxycycline. Treatment was directly observed and participants had no furloughs from the YCF throughout the study. The primary endpoint was treatment failure at 28 days after treatment initiation, determined by nucleic acid amplification test results, sexual history, and C. trachomatis OmpA genotyping. Results Of 567 participants enrolled, 284 were randomised to azithromycin and 283 to doxycycline. There were 155 participants in each treatment arm comprising the per protocol population: 65% male and 35% female. No treatment failures occurred in the doxycycline arm. In the azithromycin arm, five treatment failures occurred (3.2%; 95% CI: 0.4–7.4%): four were males (3.9%; 95% CI: 1.1–9.7%) and one female (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.0–10.1%). The observed failure rate difference in the treatments was 3.2%, with a 90% upper CI of 5.9%, exceeding the predetermined 5% cutoff for establishing azithromycin noninferiority. Conclusion Doxycycline had a 100% cure rate for chlamydia. Noninferiority of azithromycin to doxycycline was not established in this study, although azithromycin treatment failures occurred infrequently and the high azithromycin cure rate was consistent with earlier chlamydia treatment trials. Because of possible chlamydia treatment failures when azithromycin is used, further surveillance is needed and doxycycline might be considered for persons with suspected chlamydia treatment failure following azithromycin treatment. Disclosure of interest statement Nothing to Declare.
Actual duration of patient-reported mucositis: Far longer than 2 to 4 weeks and may be avoidable altogether

The impression that oral mucositis is a brief 14–28 day-consequence of chemoradiation is misguided. Clinically significant patient-reported oral mucositis may last 46 to 102 days depending on the treatment schedule and the modality used. The process of mucositis can occur in the epithelium throughout the entire GI tract and may possibly be avoided with the prescribed use of high potency polymerized cross-linked sucralfate (HPPCLS). Literature review of patient-reported mucositis occuring in the three common schedules of cancer treatment administration: daily radiation therapy, induction-based hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and multi-cycle chemo/immunotherapy (CT-IT). Review articles published in last 15 years focused on treatment-induced oral mucositis. The author reviewed 56 articles published in 15 years from 1999–2014 that focused primarily on treatment-induced oral mucositis. Only 6 were found to meet the criteria of providing patient-reported data from the beginning, throughout and following cancer treatment. For HSCT, radiation therapy, and CT-IT, despite active anti-mucositis treatment, patient-reported oral mucositis lasted 46–60 days, 70–84 days, and 68–102 days, respectively. Mucositis caused by cancer treatment, regardless of modality, lasts far longer than the oft quoted 2–4 weeks (range, 14–28 days). Patient reported mucositis persists from 46 to 102 days. This patient-based experience is the primary cause of treatment interruptions, delays or cancellations. It may be avoidable with HPPCLS that both prevents and rapidly reverses mucositis anywhere it occurs within the gastrointestinal tract.
Viral Hepatitis In Patients With Spinal Cord Injury Is Explained By Known Risk Factors

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been reported to be associated with viral hepatitis. However, this association may be related to other confounding factors, such as intravenous drug abuse or blood transfusions. Screening for viral hepatitis associated risk factors and serum serologies, including HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV testing, were performed in 78 randomly selected SCI patients and 93 non-alcoholic patients attending a general medical clinic. Hepatitis B and C seropositivies in SCI patients were 29.5 percent and 14.1 percent, respectively, and were significantly associated with a history of intravenous drug abuse. In contrast, hepatitis B and C seropositivities in non-alcoholic general medicine clinic patients were 22.6 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively. In the subgroup of patients without known viral hepatitis risk factors, there were no significant differences between SCI and non-alcoholic patients with respect to hepatitis B (21.4 percent vs. 22.1 percent) or hepatitis C (0 percent vs. 1.3 percent) seropositivity. Stepwise logistic regression also failed to detect an association of SCI with viral hepatitis. In conclusion, the increased seroprevalence of hepatitis C in SCI patients is secondary to intravenous drug use and blood transfusions. Further preventive measures such as improved hepatitis screening of blood donors and substance abuse treatment should decrease viral hepatitis exposure in SCI patients.
Regional upstream life-cycle impacts of petroleum products in the United States

Abstract The upstream environmental impacts of petroleum-derived materials are vital to the life-cycle assessment of many complex systems because petroleum products are used in countless applications as fuels or raw inputs. Currently, there exists no transparent data source for these upstream impacts that account for critical regional differences in crude oil sources and refinery fuels within the United States. This study describes the framework for a streamline life-cycle inventory (LCI) model that can be used to calculate the upstream environmental impacts of major petroleum products in five U.S. regions. The system boundaries considered in the model include crude oil extraction and flaring, crude oil transportation, oil refining, refined oil transportation, and product storage. High-level activity data for production stages are compiled along with supplementary inventory data that can be used to develop an LCI model. Two case studies demonstrate applications of the LCI model and the effect of methodological choices in the model. A case study investigating regional effects on asphalt binder production, as a road paving material, found a 15% average difference in the overall energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) from producing asphalt mixtures due to geographical variation. A second case study considering the effects of varying refinery allocation on the production of diesel fuel used by the U.S. trucking industry found a difference of up to 0.3 billion tons of CO 2 eq of GWP (2.1%) and 4.7 trillion MJ of energy (2.5%) over a projected 36 years due to allocation choice. The LCI model outlined in this study can be readily implemented in larger product systems, with the ability to capture critical regional and methodological differences in material production.
Study of the potential-induced degradation kinetics

A dedicated set-up which allows a real-time characterization of the PV modules, while being subjected to the Potential-Induced Degradation (PID) test, was developed and tested. This real-time characterization includes the measurement of the dark I/V curve and the acquisition of electroluminescence (EL) images at different biasing levels. By means of this real-time characterization it is possible to early identify the PID presence and its kinetics during the total duration of the test. This set-up allowed the investigation of the influence of salt as an impurity in module packaging with regard to PID. To this aim, a mini-module contaminated with salt including on the surface of one of its solar cells and in the glass-EVA interface was laminated. This mini-module showed an increased susceptibility to PID, which developed also in the uncontaminated solar cells. Repetitions of the PID test showed that its influence diminished with the number of cycles.
Automatic parallelization of pure method calls via conditional future synthesis

We introduce a novel approach for using futures to automatically parallelize the execution of pure method calls. Our approach is built on three new techniques to address the challenge of automatic parallelization via future synthesis: candidate future synthesis, parallelism benefit analysis, and threshold expression synthesis. During candidate future synthesis, our system annotates pure method calls as async expressions and synthesizes a parallel program with future objects and their type declarations. Next, the system performs a parallel benefit analysis to determine which async expressions may need to be executed sequentially due to overhead reasons, based on execution profile information collected from multiple test inputs. Finally, threshold expression synthesis uses the output from parallelism benefit analysis to synthesize predicate expressions that can be used to determine at runtime if a specific pure method call should be executed sequentially or in parallel. We have implemented our approach, and the results obtained from an experimental evaluation of the complete system on a range of sequential Java benchmarks are very encouraging. Our evaluation shows that our approach can provide significant parallel speedups of up to 7.4x (geometric mean of 3.69x) relative to the sequential programs when using 8 processor cores, with zero programmer effort beyond providing the sequential program and test cases for parallelism benefit analysis.
Efficacy of tofacitinib for the treatment of nail psoriasis: Two 52-week, randomized, controlled phase 3 studies in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Background Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have been demonstrated. Objective We sought to assess the efficacy of tofacitinib for the treatment of nail psoriasis over a period of 52 weeks. Methods In 2 identical phase 3 studies (OPT Pivotal 1 and 2), patients were randomized 2:2:1 to receive tofacitinib 5 mg, tofacitinib 10 mg, or placebo, twice daily. At week 16, placebo-treated patients were re-randomized to tofacitinib. This post hoc analysis of patients with existing nail psoriasis assessed the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) score and proportions of patients achieving ≥50% reduction in NAPSI from baseline (NAPSI50), NAPSI75, or NAPSI100. Results Baseline mean NAPSI scores for patients treated with tofacitinib 5 mg (N = 487), tofacitinib 10 mg (N = 476), and placebo (N = 233) twice daily were 27.0, 27.3, and 26.9, respectively. At week 16, significantly (all P Limitations Limitations include discontinuation of clinical nonresponders at week 28. Conclusions Tofacitinib treatment resulted in improvements in nail psoriasis versus placebo at week 16; improvements were maintained over 52 weeks [NCT01276639; NCT01309737].
Entropy of Convex Functions on ℝ d.

Let $$\varOmega $$ be a bounded closed convex set in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$ with nonempty interior, and let $${\mathcal C}_r(\varOmega )$$ be the class of convex functions on $$\varOmega $$ with $$L^r$$ -norm bounded by 1. We obtain sharp estimates of the $$\varepsilon $$ -entropy of $${\mathcal C}_r(\varOmega )$$ under $$L^p(\varOmega )$$ metrics, $$1\le p<r\le \infty $$ . In particular, the results imply that the universal lower bound $$\varepsilon ^{-d/2}$$ is also an upper bound for all d-polytopes, and the universal upper bound of $$\varepsilon ^{-\frac{(d-1)}{2}\cdot \frac{pr}{r-p}}$$ for $$p>\frac{dr}{d+(d-1)r}$$ is attained by the closed unit ball. While a general convex body can be approximated by inscribed polytopes, the entropy rate does not carry over to the limiting body. Our results have applications to questions concerning rates of convergence of nonparametric estimators of high-dimensional shape-constrained functions.
Outsourcing the Fight against Corruption: Lessons from the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala

The article is devoted to an analysis of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) that was established in 2006 to fight against clandestine criminal structures and illegal security groups in this country. Over the last decade, CICIG has achieved numerous victories in prosecuting corrupt politicians, businessmen, judges, and law enforcement officers, as well as in reforming legal and judicial institutions in Guatemala. CICIG represents an experimental approach to the fight against impunity and corruption in weak and failed states, with the aid of international anti-corruption and law enforcement experts. Since this experience is very useful for other countries, the article takes a comprehensive look at the lessons they can learn from Guatemala's case. CICIG serves as a good example of new anti-corruption tools and innovative agreements created under the aegis of the United Nations. The article argues that CICIG's expansion to other countries could constitute a new chapter in the global fight against corruption.
Diversity in nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of Hedychium species and hybrids

Hedychiums are multipurpose plants cultivated as ornamentals because of their multicolor and showy and scented flowers and as medicinal plants because of their essential oils that have been found t...
The role of natural variability in projections of climate change impacts on U.S. ozone pollution

Author(s): Garcia-Menendez, F; Monier, E; Selin, NE | Abstract: Climate change can impact air quality by altering the atmospheric conditions that determine pollutant concentrations. Over large regions of the U.S., projected changes in climate are expected to favor formation of ground-level ozone and aggravate associated health effects. However, modeling studies exploring air quality-climate interactions have often overlooked the role of natural variability, a major source of uncertainty in projections. Here we use the largest ensemble simulation of climate-induced changes in air quality generated to date to assess its influence on estimates of climate change impacts on U.S. ozone. We find that natural variability can significantly alter the robustness of projections of the future climate's effect on ozone pollution. In this study, a 15 year simulation length minimum is required to identify a distinct anthropogenic-forced signal. Therefore, we suggest that studies assessing air quality impacts use multidecadal simulations or initial condition ensembles. With natural variability, impacts attributable to climate may be difficult to discern before midcentury or under stabilization scenarios.
Disinfection and Attachment of Bacterial Cells

Attachment of a mixed bacterial population isolated from well water was investigated using a rotating disk apparatus. The effects of two disinfectants (chlorine and monochloramine) applied to bacterial suspensions on subsequent cell attachment were examined. Both chlorine and chloramine appeared to adversely affect cell attachment.
p53 protein in pediatric malignant astrocytomas: A study of 21 patients

Malignant astrocytomas are uncommon brain tumors in children and it isknown that astrocytic tumors with similar degrees of histologic anaplasia often show different biologic behaviour. Their uncommonoccurrence has resulted in relatively few studies of the molecular biology and genetics of pediatric malignant astrocytomaswith somewhat conflicting results, in contrast with the many studies addressing astrocytomas in adults. p53 immunoreactivity has been usedto screen tissues for the abnormal presence of the p53 protein and abnormal immunoreactivity has been demonstratedin one-half to two-thirds of adult astrocytomas. We studied the frequency of p53 immunoreactivity and gene alteration in 21 childrenwith malignant astrocytomas (anaplastic astrocytomaand glioblastoma multiforme) and analysed the survival of patientswith p53 immunoreactive versus non-reactive tumors. Of the cases examined, 8 were anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and 13 were glioblastomamultiforme (GM). We found that the overall frequencyof p53 immunoreactivity of 47% in this group of pediatric malignant astrocytomas is similar to that reported for adult astrocytomas. The median survival in both p53-positive and p53-negative groups of pediatric malignant astrocytomas wassimilar; however, the number of deaths in each group and the distributionof p53 scores is not statistically significant. Further studies to precisely identify p53 and other genetic mutations in pediatric gliomas are needed to understand their biology and the rationale for therapeutic options.
Construction of Scientific Knowledge

The idea that individuals develop or construct understanding is based on a constructivist theory of learning. In constructivism knowledge is not transmitted directly from one knower to another intact, but is interpreted by the learner so that knowledge becomes personal understanding (Driver et al., 1994).
Human megakaryocytes have a CD4 molecule capable of binding human immunodeficiency virus-1

Most human megakaryocytes (MGKs) express the CD4 antigen on their surface. Approximately 25% have a CD4 receptor density comparable to that of CD4+ T cells (Basch et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:8085, 1990). In these studies, we show: (1) the presence of mRNA for CD4 in human MGKs; (2) the binding of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) to human MGKs; (3) the inhibition of binding by anti-CD4 (Leu3a) antibody or rCD4; (4) the infection of a human MGK line, CHRF-288 with HIV-1; and (5) inhibition of infection with anti-CD4. Human MGKs have mRNA for CD4 as shown by in situ hybridization with an RNA probe synthesized from a 3-kb cDNA sequence of plasmid pSP65.T4.8 containing the full-length CD4 sequence. MGKs (23% +/- 17%) bound HIV-1, as determined by anti-gp120 and anti-CD41 staining. Binding to human MGKs could be inhibited 55% to 75% with anti-CD4 or rCD4, respectively. Infection of a CD4+ MGK line (CHRF-288) could be accomplished with HIV-1, as determined by proviral DNA polymerase chain reaction and p24 production. Preincubation with anti-CD4 inhibited apparent proviral DNA infection by 100% and p24 production by 65% to 70%. Thus, human MGKs have a CD4 receptor capable of binding HIV-1. Using this receptor, HIV-1 can infect cells representative of the MGK lineage.
A Molecular Basis for Attention

The molecular mechanisms that provide humans with the capacity for attention and attention-based learning are necessarily somewhat complex to understand. If they were simple we would have figured them out long ago. That’s the bad news. The good news is that the mechanisms aren’t so complex that we can’t learn to understand them. Sure the brain is the most complexly organized structure in the body and even the most sophisticated computers currently available don’t come close to reproducing its abilities. Nonetheless we can harness our own powers of attention to focus in on those particular aspects which specifically relate to attention. There is a vast amount of neuroscientific knowledge providing clues for solving this puzzle and recent breakthroughs create a new framework for understanding attention.
2D Kinetic Analysis of TCR and CD8 Coreceptor for LCMV GP33 Epitopes

The LCMV GP33 CD8 epitope has long been one of the most widely used antigens in viral immunology. Of note, almost all of the in vitro analyses of CD8 T cell responses to this epitope make use of an altered peptide ligand (APL) in which the cysteine from the original 9-mer peptide (KAVYNFATC) is substituted by a methionine at position 41 (KAVYNFATM). In addition, it is possible that the antigen processed during natural LCMV infection is an 11-mer peptide (KAVYNFATCGI) rather than the widely used 9-mer. Although previous affinity measurements using purified proteins for these antigen variants revealed minimal differences, we applied highly sensitive two dimensional (2D) biophysical based techniques to further dissect TCR interaction with these closely related GP33 variants. The kinetic analyses of affinity provided by the 2D micropipette adhesion frequency assay (2D-MP) and bond lifetime under force analyzed using a biomembrane force probe (BFP) revealed significant differences between 41M, 41C and the 11-mer 41CGI antigen. We found a hierarchy in 2D affinity as 41M peptide displayed augmented TCR 2D affinity compared to 41C and 41CGI. These differences were also maintained in the presence of CD8 coreceptor and when analysis of total TCR:pMHC and CD8:pMHC bonds were considered. Moreover, the three ligands displayed dramatic differences in the bond lifetimes generated under force, in particular the 41CGI variant with the lowest 2D affinity demonstrated a 15-fold synergistic contribution of the CD8 coreceptor to overall bond lifetime. Our analyses emphasize the sensitivity of single cell and single bond 2D kinetic measurements in distinguishing between related agonist peptides.
Vegetative community response to landscape-scale post-fire herbicide (imazapic) application

Disturbances such as wildfire create time-sensitive windows of opportunity for invasive plant treatment, and the timing of herbicide application relative to the time course of plant community development following fire can strongly influence herbicide effectiveness. We evaluated the effect of herbicide (imazapic) applied in the first winter or second fall after the 113,000 ha Soda wildfire on the target exotic annual grasses and also key non-target components of the plant community. We measured responses of exotic and native species cover, species diversity, and occurrence frequency of shrubs and forbs seeded before (1 to 2 or 9 to 10 mo) herbicide application. Additionally, we asked whether landscape factors, including topography, species richness, and/or soil characteristics, influenced the effectiveness of imazapic. Cover of exotic annual grass cover, but not of deep-rooted perennial bunchgrass, was less where imazapic had been applied, whereas more variability was evident in the response of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl) and seeded shrubs and forbs. Regression-tree analysis of the subset of plots measured both before and after the second fall application revealed greater reductions of exotic annual grass cover in places where their cover was <42% before spraying. Otherwise, imazapic effects did not vary with the landscape factors we analyzed.
Therapie von „Non-Respondern“ einer kardialen Resynchronisation

Die kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie (CRT) ist ein etabliertes Verfahren in der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz. Trotzdem liegt die Rate der Patienten, die nicht von dieser Therapie profitieren, je nach Studie um die 30%. Klinische Effekte der CRT-Therapie zeigen sich erst innerhalb mehrerer Monate nach der Implantation des Aggregats und konnen individuell verschieden stark ausgepragt sein. Risikogruppen sollten in der Nachverfolgung besonders berucksichtigt werden. Bei Nonresponse sollte eine vollstandige Evaluation des klinischen Status und eine Kontrolle des CRT-Aggregats erfolgen. Die Therapie der Nonresponse dient zunachst der Optimierung des biventrikularen Stimulationsanteils. Zudem ist die adaquate Programmierung der Zeitsteuerung unter echokardiografischer Kontrolle oder nicht invasiver Blutdruckmessung zielfuhrend. Allerdings sind auch eine optimale Patientenauswahl, eine fachgerechte Implantation und eine individuelle Aggregatprogrammierung entscheidend fur das Erreichen eines Therapieerfolgs.
Maneuvering Clinical Pathways for Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease management has changed significantly with increasing use of biologics. We review the recent literature on the clinical management of Crohn’s disease and new approaches in selecting and optimizing therapy. Recent studies have addressed the efficacy of proactive anti-TNFα trough level monitoring, the efficacy of biosimilars, and the efficacy and immunogenicity of newer biologics including anti-integrin therapy and anti-IL12/23 therapy. Optimizing anti-TNFα therapy according to trough concentrations correlates with improved remission rates. Patients can be switched from the reference drug to a biosimilar, or vice versa, without a measurable change in efficacy, safety, or immunogenicity. Immunomodulators are effective in decreasing immunogenicity and boosting anti-TNFα drug level. The anti-integrin and anti-IL12/23 therapies are effective as induction and maintenance therapy with low immunogenicity and excellent safety profiles. Patients at high risk for post-operative recurrence should be started on a biologic therapy within 4 weeks post-op. Multiple biologic therapies are currently available for treatment of Crohn’s disease including anti-TNFα therapy, anti-integrin therapy, and anti-IL12/23 therapy. The choice of first-line therapy should be based on individual risk-benefit analysis, route of administration, and patient preference. Patient with inadequate response should have their trough level checked and therapy optimized. Therapeutic prophylaxis for post-operative recurrence should be based on patient’s risk factors for recurrence.
Association Between Rurality and Lung Cancer Treatment Characteristics and Timeliness.

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, and rural states bear a greater burden of disease. Methods We analyzed tumor registry data to examine relationships between rurality and lung cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment. Cases were from the Maine Cancer Registry from 2012 to 2015, and rurality was defined using rural-urban commuting areas. Multivariable models were used to examine the relationships between rurality and treatment, adjusting for age, sex, poverty, education, insurance status, and cancer stage. Results We identified 5,338 adults with incident lung cancer; 3,429 (64.2%) were diagnosed at a late stage (III or IV). Rurality was not associated with stage at diagnosis. For patients with early-stage disease (I or II), rurality was not associated with receipt of treatment. However, for patients with late-stage disease, residents of large rural areas received more surgery (10%) compared with metropolitan (9%) or small/isolated rural areas (6%), P = .01. In multivariable analyses, patients in large rural areas received more chemotherapy (OR 1.48; 95% CI: 1.08-2.02) than those in metropolitan areas. Patients with early-stage disease residing in small/ isolated rural areas had delays in treatment (median time to first treatment = 43 days, interquartile range [IQR] 22-68) compared with large rural (34 days, IQR 17-55) and metropolitan areas (35 days, IQR 17-60), P = .0009. Conclusion Rurality is associated with differences in receipt of specific lung cancer treatments and in timeliness of treatment.
Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical Guide, by Hult, F. & Johnson, D.C.: (2015). Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 259. $69 - 99 (hardback), $33 - $64 (softback). ISBN 978 1 118 30839 4.

This text provides an ideal entry point for a novice researcher or doctoral student considering how to approach language policy research or in search of language policy methodologies to use in her ...
Snout: An Extensible IoT Pen-Testing Tool

Network mapping tools designed for IP-based networks generally do not provide access to non-IP based wireless protocols used by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as Zigbee and Bluetooth LE. We present Snout, a versatile and extensible software defined radio-based tool for IoT network mapping and penetration testing. Snout is geared towards the various IoT protocols that are not accessible with traditional network enumeration tools, such as Nmap. The tool allows for device enumeration, vulnerability assessment, as well as more offensive techniques such as packet replay and spoofing, which we demonstrate for the Zigbee protocol. Snout is built on an open-source stack, and is designed for extensibility towards other IoT protocols and capabilities.
Management of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin in a paediatric hospital.

BACKGROUND Facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin (FCOO) can lead to systemic complications in children. Research on factors leading to improvement of outcomes is limited. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate patient characteristics, treatment modalities (antibiotics and route of administration), length of stay in the hospital, time till definitive treatment, and factors related to early treatment of FCOO. DESIGN A retrospective review was performed to identify children presenting to the emergency department of a paediatric hospital with FCOO over a 5-year period. Data were extracted from records of included patients. RESULTS Sixty-four records were included for analysis with mean age of 8.19 ± 4.5 years. Significantly more patients received clindamycin (79.7%) than penicillin-based antibiotic (18.8%) with P < .0001. Forty-four (68.8%) children were admitted to the hospital and received parenteral clindamycin. The average hospital stay was 2.5 ± 1.2 days, and average days till dental treatment was 5.2 ± 8.9 days. Children who received intravenous antibiotic or had a primary tooth involved received dental treatment sooner, with P = .0036 and P = .03, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral antibiotics were prescribed for children who were discharged from the emergency department. Children who received intravenous antibiotics or had an infected primary tooth received early definitive treatment.
X-ray laser wakefield acceleration in a nanotube

Plasma-based accelerator technology enables compact particle accelerators. In Laser Wakefield Acceleration, with an ultrafast high-intensity optical laser driver, energy gain of electrons is greate...
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) as an Uncommon Extraintestinal Complication of Crohn's Disease: Case Vignette and Systematic Literature Review.

While the association of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been described in a few case reports, management of ITP as an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn’s disease (CD) is less studied. There are approximately a dozen cases describing the management of patients dually diagnosed with CD/ITP. Previous reports postulated that the mechanism of ITP in CD was through the presence of circulating immune complexes in the serum and antigenic mimicry due to increased mucosal permeability in active colitis, versus increased mucosal production of TH1-type proinflammatory cytokines during CD flares, which may account for remission of ITP with surgery for CD. We present a case of a 27-year-old man who presented with medically refractory CD and ITP who responded to surgical management with colectomy and splenectomy, along with a systematic review of the literature. These cases suggest that colectomy should be considered in the treatment of medically refractory ITP among patients with concomitant CD.
Securing IoT Protocol Implementations Through Hardware Monitoring

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the technical foundation to solve some of the most important societal and environmental problems. One of the key challenges in IoT systems is providing security for distributed, networked IoT components that are implemented with potentially very low-end embedded processing systems. As the value of sensor data and actuator access increases in IoT deployments, attackers may increasingly target these vulnerable systems and protocol implementations running on them. For protocols that involve economic transactions on blockchains, as we show in our work, there is a direct monetary value associated with successful attacks. To address this problem, we present a hardware monitoring system that augments processors with logic that tracks the correct execution of software on the embedded systems. Attacks on the system, such as buffer overflow attacks, are recognized and stopped by the hardware monitor. Therefore, the system can avoid economic loss due to an attack and ensure that the protocol implementation is secured. We show the effectiveness of our system on a prototype that uses Linux running on a soft-core LEON3 processor on an Intel Stratix IV FPGA and interacts with the Ethereum blockchain.
Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 has rapidly enveloped the world in a pandemic after emerging in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. We describe a 49-year-old man presenting with fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 along with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. The creatine phosphokinase was elevated to 23,800 U/L before trending down to normal levels. Rapid identification and treatment with aggressive intravenous hydration and correction of electrolyte abnormalities remain key to successful management. In a pandemic, often atypical presentations of this new disease have to be considered as differentials for early diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions.
The work-family interface

Abstract In this chapter, we focus on the work-family interface using an ecological systems framework and three other related theories: boundary theory, role theory, and gender theory. We then introduce the literature on the work-family interface and focus our attention on the experiences of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict, work-to-family and family-to-work spillover, work-to-family and family-to-work crossover, workplace flexibility, parental leave policies, and day-care arrangements. We further recognize that cultural characteristics imbedded in different regions and countries moderate dimensions of the work-family interface. We have emphasized research in multiple countries and regions where such cross-cultural research was available.
A Characteristic Frame for Positive Intuitionistic and Relevance Logic

I show that the lattice of the positive integers ordered by division is characteristic for Urquhart’s positive semilattice relevance logic; that is, a formula is valid in positive semilattice relevance logic if and only if it is valid in all models over the positive integers ordered by division. I show that the same frame is characteristic for positive intuitionistic logic, where the class of models over it is restricted to those satisfying a heredity condition. The results of this article highlight deep connections between intuitionistic and semilattice relevance logic.
Just-in-time clinical video review improves successful placement of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube by emergency medicine resident physicians: A randomized control simulation-based study.

Objective Successful completion of life-saving procedures may benefit from a concise just-in-time (JIT) intervention. Video is an optimal medium for JIT training, but currently available video-based references are not optimized for a JIT format, especially in time-pressured situations prior to high-risk clinical contexts. We aimed to create and evaluate the efficacy of a brief video review of emergent Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SBT) insertion for acutely decompensating variceal hemorrhage when used just prior to clinical performance in a simulated setting. Methods We created a less than 3-minute audio-optional JIT training video on SBT insertion. We recruited emergency medicine resident physicians to participate in a simulation scenario in which they had to quickly place an SBT. Participants were randomized to either a 3-minute procedure review by any media they chose (control) or review of the JIT video (intervention). Performance on a checklist created by a multidisciplinary group of SBT experts (passing score > 18 and maximum = 28) served as the primary outcome. We analyzed performance in checklist scores controlling level of training through a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). We analyzed rates of passing scores via a chi-square analysis. Results We randomized 32 participants to media review (control) or JIT video (intervention). The intervention group had an overall mean (±SD) performance of 19.8 (±9.0) and the control group had a mean (±SD) score of 6.6 (±7.4). After adjusting for postgraduate year, we found a significant difference in final checklist scores between the two groups (mean difference = 12.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.6 to 18.0). Percentages of participants reaching a minimum passing score were two of 16 (12.5%) in the control group and 10 of 16 (62.5%) in the intervention group (odds ratio = 11.7, 95% CI = 9.9 to 13.5). Cohen's kappa indicated substantial agreement (κ = 0.714) between reviewer scores. Conclusions A readily available, focused, audio-optional JIT video increased performance for SBT insertion in a simulated setting. Future work may include testing of this format for more commonly performed emergency procedures and determination of effect on bedside performance in the clinical setting.
Stakeholder perspectives towards the use of toxicants for managing wild pigs

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most detrimental invasive mammals in the US. Lack of adequate population control has allowed pigs to become established across the landscape, causing significant ecological and economic damage. Given the need for additional tools for reducing wild pig populations, two toxicants, warfarin and sodium nitrite, are at the forefront of the discussion regarding future wild pig management. However, no research has examined stakeholders’ perspectives towards the use of toxicants in wild pig management. Given the lack of knowledge, our goal was to determine stakeholders’ perspectives towards the legal use of toxicants for managing wild pigs. We surveyed 1822 individuals from three stakeholder groups (hunters, farmers, and forestland owners) across Alabama during February 2018 using an online survey following the Tailored Design Method. All three stakeholder groups were generally supportive of toxicant use, though their views differed slightly by group. Furthermore, all stakeholder groups were supportive of toxicant purchasing and use regulations, while accidental water contamination, human health impact, and incorrect usage of a toxicant were stakeholders’ greatest concerns. These results indicate that these groups would likely be in support of using toxicants for wild pig management in Alabama and could be a model for other states or locations. Consequently, these results have direct implications for shaping policy and possible use of toxicants as a future wild pig management tool.
Reflections on six decades of professional social work fundamental principles for social workers

What principles have I found to exist over my six decades of social work that are central to the profession and are still applicable in today’s complex world? What has guided social work in its quest to address the myriad, ever changing and most difficult problems facing our societies irrespective of the continent or country? In my professional journey these practice guides can be synthesized into 13 basic principles that can serve as a strong foundation and are still highly useful today. In my over 55 years as a professional social worker, studying the individuals and writers who were seminal to the profession to those who emerged during the mid-20th century, certain principles emerged. These principles arose from both practice and academic areas and have provided grounding and guidance that has led to the successful delivery of social work irrespective of the decade or location.
Analysis of Schedule Simulations

The most viable method of forecasting the information required by the scheduling analyst when dealing with probabilistic networks is simulation. The major concern with this technique is the number of iterations required to produce viable decision-making information. The results of this study provide a basis for the selection of a reasonable number of iterations and are based on analysis of actual networks utilized to control projects of a probabilistic nature.
Labor and Delivery Experiences of Mothers with Suspected Large Babies.

Objective To characterize the prevalence of and factors associated with clinicians’ prenatal suspicion of a large baby; and to determine whether communicating fetal size concerns to patients was associated with labor and delivery interventions and outcomes.
Learning Disabilities: An Historical and Conceptual Overview

Publisher Summary The extensive services to children and youth with Learning Disabilities (LDs) in the United States are the result of the field's firm status within the law. A third indication of the current status of the LDs field is found in a number of associations that have been formed to advocate on behalf of children with LDs, to support professional development, and to provide a forum for discussion of research. The National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) is a small organization composed of appointed representatives from the other major LD associations and other groups that have an interest in learning disabilities. When considering the history of the field of learning disabilities, it is helpful from the outset to make a distinction between learning disabilities as an applied field of special education and learning disabilities as an area of research on individual differences in learning and performance.
The Magnetic Character of Austenitic Stainless Steels

The results of a series of low-temperature magnetic and calorimetric studies relating to the magnetic character of austenitic stainless steels are summarized and discussed. Twelve members of both the AISI 300 series and the proprietary Nitronic series, as well as other alloys, have been investigated from time to time in collaboration with J. C. Ho [1], M. P. Mathur [1], R. D. Smith [2], R. L. Cappelletti [3], H. W. King [4], H. M. Ledbetter [5,6], and S. C. Hart [7]. The AISI 300 series alloys generally exhibit a superparamagnetic susceptibility temperature and field dependence superimposed on a background susceptibility whose temperature dependence passes through a cusp at low temperatures. The Nitronic alloys show a cusp but no superparamagnetism.