cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excitation-contraction coupling in hypothermic ischemic myocardium

The excitation-contraction coupling system of the global ischemic hypothermic myocardium was studied by evaluating the functional integrity of the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and myofibrils and determining glycogen decay 30 and 60 min after the onset of surgically induced global ischemia. Calcium uptake by the SR from both the 30- and 60-min groups was depressed (control 0.940 +/- 0.05, 30 min 0.430 +/- 0.033, 60 min 0.535 +/- 0.033 mumol Ca2+ . mg-1 . min-1; P less than 0.001). In contrast SR Ca2+-ATPase activity was not different in the three groups (control 1.150 +/- 0.080, 30 min 1.468 +/- 0.025, 60 min 1.338 +/- 0.199 mumol Pi . mg-1 . min-1; P greater than 0.2). Glycogen decay in the hypothermic group was depressed compared to control (control 7.52 +/- 2.01, 30 min 6.152 +/- 1.16, 60 min 5.814 +/- 1.76 mumol glycogen/mg myocardium; P less than 0.05). Myofibrillar pCa-ATPase curves in both hypothermic ischemic groups were depressed (maximal ATPase activity; control 0.160 +/- 0.028, 30 min 0.1130 +/- 0.01, 60 min 0.127 +/- 0.008 mumol Pi . mg-1 . min-1; P less than 0.01). Kinetic analysis of the myofibrillar pCa-ATPase data, utilizing double-reciprocal plots, demonstrated an increase in Km for the hypothermic ischemic groups. It is concluded that the excitation-contraction coupling system of the hypothermic ischemic myocardium at 1 h is characterized by a defect in the calcium transport system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with preservation of the Ca2+-ATPase, a depression of the myofibrillar ATPase activity, a decrease in affinity, and the preservation of adequate glycogen stores. It is hypothesized that these defects may explain an observed depression in myocardial function following reperfusion.
Conservación preventiva y puesta en valor de acervos documentales de organizaciones locales en Valparaíso, Chile: el caso de organizaciones deportivas

In Valparaiso, Chile, there are since many years various types of organizations —like those dedicated to sports— that gradually have created extensive records on their activities, achievements and, development. Over time this archival material will represent valuable cultural heritage that conveys information on social evolution as well as on urban and political changes taking place in the city as well as in the country. This CHRONICLE addresses the programme on preventive conservation of documentary archives belonging to local organizations that was started by the Centro de Estudios y Conservacion del Patrimonio Cultural de la Escuela de Diseno, Universidad de Valparaiso (the Centre of Study and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of the School of Design, University of Valparaiso, CECPC, ED-UV, Chile) from 2011 onwards. The centre’s experience with the new programme is described, including actions to promote documentary heritage as public good.
Composition, Assembly, and Trafficking of a Wheat Xylan Synthase Complex

Xylans play an important role in plant cell wall integrity and have many industrial applications. Characterization of xylan synthase (XS) complexes responsible for the synthesis of these polymers is currently lacking. We recently purified XS activity from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. To further characterize this purified activity, we analyzed its protein composition and assembly. Proteomic analysis identified six main proteins: two glycosyltransferases (GTs) TaGT43-4 and TaGT47-13; two putative mutases (TaGT75-3 and TaGT75-4) and two non-GTs; a germin-like protein (TaGLP); and a vernalization related protein (TaVER2). Coexpression of TaGT43-4, TaGT47-13, TaGT75-3, and TaGT75-4 in Pichia pastoris confirmed that these proteins form a complex. Confocal microscopy showed that all these proteins interact in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but the complexes accumulate in Golgi, and TaGT43-4 acts as a scaffold protein that holds the other proteins. Furthermore, ER export of the complexes is dependent of the interaction between TaGT43-4 and TaGT47-13. Immunogold electron microscopy data support the conclusion that complex assembly occurs at specific areas of the ER before export to the Golgi. A di-Arg motif and a long sequence motif within the transmembrane domains were found conserved at the NH2-terminal ends of TaGT43-4 and homologous proteins from diverse taxa. These conserved motifs may control the forward trafficking of the complexes and their accumulation in the Golgi. Our findings indicate that xylan synthesis in grasses may involve a new regulatory mechanism linking complex assembly with forward trafficking and provide new insights that advance our understanding of xylan biosynthesis and regulation in plants.
The Association between Executive Pay Structure and the Transparency of Restatement Disclosures

SYNOPSIS: Restatement disclosures have evolved into two basic categories: reissuances (Big “R”) and revisions (little “r”). A reissuance restatement requires an 8-K filing, whereas a revision restatement can be disclosed in less transparent ways. The high-transparency of a reissuance restatement disclosure (8-K) results in a greater likelihood of negative effects on companies, executives, and auditors (e.g., Plumlee and Yohn 2008; Burks 2010). Determining whether an 8-K filing is required involves judgment regarding materiality of the restatement, thus creating ambiguity as to the correct disclosure method. Such judgment also introduces the potential to opportunistically choose the method of disclosure. We study the restatement disclosure choices of companies to examine whether executive pay structure is associated with disclosure transparency. Using a sample of 1,178 restatements from the years 2004 through 2013, our results show that as the equity proportion of executive pay increases, the likelihood o...
Phenoloxidase and Peroxidase Activities in Zone Lines of Phellinus weirii

SUMMARY Phenoloxidase and peroxidase were extracted from pigmented zones (zone lines) which were formed on agar media between two Phellinus weirii isolates or by one P. weirii isolate in response to the presence of an antagonist. Activity of enzymes from zone lines was compared with that of enzymes from mycelial tissues adjacent to the zone lines by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Zone lines produced stronger phenoloxidase and peroxidase reactions than did adjacent tissues. At least three phenoloxidases and as many as six peroxidase isozymes were detected in zone lines, some of which may have been induced or caused by the antagonists. Phenoloxidase and peroxidase were observed also in the zone lines formed by P. weirii in colonized Douglas-fir wood, but not in adjacent tissues. Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilbertson is a destructive root pathogen of conifers in northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. In cultures, confronted isolates of this fungus from separate infection centers develop a darkly pigmented zone line at their interface. The zone line is a distinct narrow dark line, representing a sheet of fungal mycelium composed of characteristic swollen hyphal cells. Childs (1963), who first recorded the phenomenon in P. weirii, used the term 'line of demarcation' and called the paired isolates forming these lines "clones" of the species. Pigmented zone lines also can be formed by P. weirii on agar media or in P. weirii-colonized wood in response to some antagonistic microorganisms. Zone lines appear to enhance P. weirii survival in colonized wood by excluding antagonists (Nelson, 1964, 1975). Kuwana (1958) found that cell fusion between different strains of Neurospora crassa Shear and Dodge that normally do not produce phenoloxidases leads to induced phenoloxidase activity and pigment formation. Hiroth (1965) reported that interactions at the interface between different isolates of Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond. et Boriss, resulted in induction of weak phenoloxidase activity and pigment
Role of wickability on the critical heat flux of structured superhydrophilic surfaces

While superhydrophilic coatings with enhanced wetting properties have been shown to increase the pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF), the role of nanostructures on its enhancement is not clear. Here, biological templates have been used to demonstrate that wickability is the single factor dictating CHF on structured superhydrophilic surfaces. The flexibility of biotemplating using the Tobacco mosaic virus has been leveraged to create surfaces with varying scales, morphologies, and roughness factors. Their wickabilities have been quantified via the wicked volume flux, a phenomenological parameter analogous to the contact angle, and the role of wickability on CHF has been demonstrated using data from over three dozen individual surfaces. These results are repeatable and independent of the substrate material, surface fouling, structure material, morphology, and contact angle as well as the structure scale. An experimentally validated correlation for CHF has been reported on the basis of the dimensionless wickability. Additionally, the surfaces have achieved a CHF of 257 W/cm(2) for water, representing the highest reported value to date for superhydrophilic surfaces. While the role of wickability on CHF has often been cited anecdotally, this work provides a quantitative measure of the phenomena and provides a framework for designing and optimizing coatings for further enhancement.
The Theory of Stochastic Preferences: Further Comments and Clarifications

The theory of stochastic preference and brand switching uses market share data and a parameter ρ for generating switching matrices. In particular, ρ facilitates the generation of different matrices...
Contamination Status and Resistance Surveillance of Listeria Monocytogenes in Food in Mianyang City in 2010

[Objective]To know the contamination status and drug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes(LM) in food in Mianyang city,provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. [Methods]The method of GB 4789.30-2010 was adopted to isolate LM,API-LISTERIA biochemical identification strips were applied to identify LM,and drug sensitivity test was conducted by K-B method. [Results]Among 144 food samples,11 strains of LM were detected,and the total detection rate was 9.7%.The raw aquatic products,raw poultry,raw meat and bean products were polluted by LM,which the detection rate was 33.3%,26.7%,6.7% and 6.7% respectively.All of 11 LM strains were sensitive to ampicillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,compound sinomin,sulfapyrimidine,gentamicin,amikacin,ciprofloxacin,cephalothin and chloramghenicol.No strain was sensitive to cefatriaxone and cephalothin. [Conclusion]Some food was polluted by LM in Mianyang city,contamination status of raw aquatic products was the most serious,followed by raw poultry,and there was a potential risk of food-borne diseases of LM.The drug resistance of LM is low,and it is sensitive to several antibiotics.In order to ensure the food safety and human's health,it is necessary to pay attention to the contamination status of food-borne LM and strengthen the resistance surveillance.
Patient Satisfaction with Pain Level in Patients with Cancer.

Abstract Interest in satisfaction with pain management as a pain-related outcome variable wavered when investigators found poor correlations with pain intensity when they measured satisfaction with pain management rather than satisfaction with pain level. The aim was to explore the relationship between satisfaction with pain level and pain intensity among patients receiving ongoing outpatient cancer care. In a comparative, secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional sample of 806 cancer patients (57% male, mean age 56 ± 13 years, 77% Caucasian), the authors measured satisfaction with pain level as a single item (yes, no, not sure) and pain intensity as an average of current, least, and worst pain intensity (all 0-10 scales) in the past 24 hours. Of the 806 participants, 447 (56%) subjects were satisfied with their pain level, 291 (36%) were not satisfied and 68 (8%) were not sure. Satisfaction was moderately correlated with API (rho = −0.43, p p
Inhibition of ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transport by 2164U90

Inhibition of the ileal bile acid active transport system, previously shown to be mechanism underlying the hypocholesterolemic activity of 2164U90 in rodents, was further characterized in isolated intestinal preparations from three species. 2164U90 inhibited sodium-dependent transport of taurocholic acid by Caco-2 cells and by monkey and human ileal brush border membrane vesicles in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50s of 7 microM, 5 microM, and 2 microM, respectively. In rat ileal brush border membrane vesicles, 2164U90 was a competitive inhibitor of sodium-dependent taurocholic acid uptake with an estimated Ki of 1.8 +/- 0.2 microM. In anesthetized rats, 5 microM 2164U90 placed in the isolated distal ileum with 3 mM [3H]taurocholic acid decreased ileal uptake, transport into the bile, and transport rate of taurocholic acid by 31-35%. Stereospecificity of inhibition by 2164U90 was demonstrated by the relative inactivity of three other possible stereoisomers in rat ileal sacs and brush border membrane vesicles. 2164U90 did not inhibit sodium-dependent glucose transport by monkey jejunal brush border membrane vesicles, indicating that 2164U90 may be specific for the bile acid transporter. These results suggest that 2164U90 is a potent, selective, stereospecific, competitive inhibitor of the sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in the ileal mucosal cell brush border membrane.
A Reduced Order Model of Force Displacement Curves for the Failure of Mechanical Bolts in Tension.

Assembled mechanical systems often contain a large number of bolted connections. These bolted connections (joints) are integral aspects of the load path for structural dynamics, and, consequently, are paramount for calculating a structure's stiffness and energy dissipation prop- erties. However, analysts have not found the optimal method to model appropriately these bolted joints. The complexity of the screw geometry causes issues when generating a mesh of the model. This report will explore different approaches to model a screw-substrate connec- tion. Model parameters such as mesh continuity, node alignment, wedge angles, and thread to body element size ratios are examined. The results of this study will give analysts a better understanding of the influences of these parameters and will aide in finding the optimal method to model bolted connections.
Equation of state and thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter of monoclinic 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene.

In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments were conducted on 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) at pressures up to 6.8 GPa and temperatures up to 485 K. Within the resolution of the present diffraction data, our results do not reveal evidence for a pressure-induced structural phase transition near 2 GPa, previously observed in several vibrational spectroscopy experiments. Based on unit-cell volume measurements, the least-squares fit using the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (EOS) yields K 0 = 12.6 ± 1.4 GPa and [Formula: see text] = 11.3 ± 2.1 for the α-phase of FOX-7, which are in good agreement with recently reported values for the deuterated sample, indicating that the effect of hydrogen-deuterium substitution on the compressibility of FOX-7 is negligibly small. A thermal EOS is also obtained for the α-phase of FOX-7, including pressure dependence of thermal expansivity, (∂α/∂P)T = -7.0 ± 2.0 × 10(-5) K(-1) GPa(-1), and temperature derivative of the bulk modulus, (∂K T/∂T)P = -1.1 × 10(-2) GPa K(-1). From these EOS parameters, we calculate heat capacity at constant volume (C V) and thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter (γ TH) as a function of temperature. At ambient conditions, the calculated γ TH is 1.055, which is in good agreement with the value (1.09) previously obtained from density functional theory (DFT). The obtained C V, however, is 13% larger than that calculated from the first-principles calculations, indicating that the dispersion correction in the DFT calculations may need to be further improved for describing intermolecular interactions of molecular crystals.
Measurement of the Quality of Facial Lesion Reconstruction With Observer-Graded Affect Display.

ImportanceThe impact of facial reconstructive surgery on improving affect display for patients with facial lesions is incompletely understood. ObjectivesTo measure the impact of surgically reconstr...
Extreme π-Loading as a Design Element for Accessing Imido Ligand Reactivity. A CCC-NHC Pincer Tantalum Bis(imido) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Oxidative Amination of Alkenes

A rare Ta bis(imido) complex, which has unique reactivity, was prepared by manipulating the coordination sphere of a CCC-NHC pincer Ta complex. The reaction of lithium tert-butylamide with complex 1 yielded (1,3-bis(3′-butylimidazol-2′-yl-1′-idene)-2-phenylene)bis(tert-butylimido)tantalum(V) (2) as a lithium iodide bridged dimer, as determined by the X-ray structure. Complex 2 catalytically cyclized α,ω-aminoalkenes to effect an oxidative amination of alkenes (dehydrogenation by C–H activation) and produced a cyclic imine, an equivalent of reduced substrate, and varying proportions of hydroamination. Various additives and concentration impact the catalytic results. Computational and experimental observations have led to an initial mechanistic hypothesis. Based upon it, precatalyst 2 appears to be the first example of a bifunctional catalyst (MH-NHR) that is highly selective for nonpolar C═C bonds in preference to polar C═X bonds for outer-sphere hydrogenation.
A Theory of Adult Identity Processes

The primary definition of adult identity that forms the basis for the theory of adult identity processes comes from Erikson’s (1963) use of the term “identity” to mean the individual’s answer to the question “Who am I?” Erikson’s general answer to this question was that identity is a psychosocial entity: a product of individual factors unique to the individual combined with experiential factors derived from social forces. The issue of establishing a sense of identity was considered by Erikson to be a primary focus of adolescents. However, he also considered identity to be a part of the personality that was essential for the successful resolution of psychosocial issues later in adulthood, and as a part of the personality that could be reexamined at any point after its initial emergence.
Experimental study of the effect of turbulence on the structure and dynamics of a bluff-body stabilized lean premixed flame

Abstract The structure of an unconfined, lean propane–air flame stabilized on an axisymmetric bluff body is studied for different levels of turbulence intensity ranging from 4 to 30% in the approach flow. Simultaneous planar laser induced fluorescence imaging of hydroxyl radical (OH) and formaldehyde (CH2O) was performed to determine the effects of turbulence on local flame structure. In an accompanying experiment high speed particle image velocimetry at 5 kHz was used to obtain the time resolved velocity field and evaluate flame surface density, brush thickness and probability density functions of curvature and strain rates conditioned on the flame front. The low turbulence intensity flame featured wrinkling and mostly symmetric flame structures with thin regions of heat release along the flame front. For moderate turbulence intensity (14%), pronounced formation of cusps and unburnt mixture fingers was observed with continuous heat release regions. However, the local flame structure was observed to be strongly altered for the 30% turbulence intensity. Localized extinction occurred along the flame surface creating isolated pockets of OH with heat release occurring along the boundary. Pockets of preheated reactants along with fresh reactants were observed inside the flame envelope. The overall flame appearance was observed to intermittently switch from varicose (symmetric) to sinuous (asymmetric) type (vortex shedding mode). The curvature and strain rates pdfs broadened with increasing levels of turbulence intensity. The flame brush thickness showed an initial increase with increasing turbulence levels but saturated beyond 24% turbulence intensity. Measurements showed reduction in flame surface density with increasing levels of turbulence intensity.
Structure of the Lasso Peptide Isopeptidase Identifies a Topology for Processing Threaded Substrates.

Lasso peptides are a class of bioactive ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), with a threaded knot structure that is formed by an isopeptide bond attaching the N-terminus of the peptide to a side chain carboxylate. Some lasso peptide biosynthetic clusters harbor an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes the isopeptide bond to yield the linear peptide. We describe here the 2.4 A resolution structure of a lasso peptide isopeptidase revealing a topologically novel didomain architecture consisting of an open β-propeller appended to an α/β hydrolase domain. The 2.2 A resolution cocrystal structure of an inactive variant in complex with a lasso peptide reveals deformation of the substrate, and reorganization of the enzyme active site, which exposes and orients the isopeptide bond for hydrolysis. Structure-based mutational analysis reveals how this enzyme recognizes the lasso peptide substrate by shape complementarity rather than through sequence specificity. The isopeptidase g...
Cervical Laminoplasty: A Review of Indications, Technique and Outcomes

Laminoplasty is a motion-sparing decompression technique for the cervical spine. As the first description was published over 40 years ago, it has been established as an effective treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The application of this technique is predicated on maintenance of physiologic sagittal alignment in the cervical spine. Numerous variations of the originally published laminoplasty technique exist and they can be broadly categorized into symmetric or asymmetric canal expansions. Potential complications include chronic neck pain, C5 palsy, and door closure, among others. Recent clinical research suggests sparing the muscle attachments on the C2 and C7 spinous process may improve the incidence of pain. The purpose of this article is to review the indications and contraindications for cervical laminoplasty and evaluate its efficacy based on current literature.
A systematic review of correlates of depression among older Chinese and Korean immigrants: what we know and do not know.

Objectives: Guided by the stress and coping theory, this study provides a systematic review of existing research on acculutration, family support, and social support related correlates of depression among older Chinese and Korean immigrants in the United States.Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CINAHL Plus, Abstracts in Social Gerontology, AgeLine, Social Work Abstracts, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Social Science Citation Index databases to identify relevant articles that presented multivariate analysis results.Results: A total of 55 articles were identified, with the vast majority focusing on older Korean immigrants. The overall evidence showed that length of residence was largely unrelated to depression, and poor Enligsh proficiency also had a weak correlation with depression. However, a low level of acculturation measured by multidimensional scales was consistently associated with more depressive symptoms. Overall, living arrangements and the size and frequency of contact of...
Dynamic effects of root system architecture improve root water uptake in 1-D process-based soil-root hydrodynamics

Abstract Root system architecture (RSA) can significantly affect plant access to water, total transpiration, as well as its partitioning by soil depth, with implications for surface heat, water, and carbon budgets. Despite recent advances in land surface model (LSM) descriptions of plant hydraulics, descriptions of RSA have not been included because of their three-dimensional complexity, which makes them generally too computationally costly. Here we demonstrate a new, process-based 1D layered model that captures the dynamic shifts in water potential gradients of 3D RSA under different soil moisture conditions: the RSA stencil. Using root systems calibrated to the rooting profiles of four plant functional types (PFT) of the Community Land Model, we show that the RSA stencil predicts plant water potentials within 2% to the outputs of a full 3D model, under the same assumptions on soil moisture heterogeneity, despite its trivial computational cost, resulting in improved predictions of water uptake and soil moisture compared to a model without RSA in a transient simulation. Our results suggest that LSM predictions of soil moisture dynamics and dependent variables can be improved by the implementation of this model, calibrated for individual PFTs using field observations.
Emergency Department Patient Burden from an Electronic Dance Music Festival.

Abstract Background Electronic dance music (EDM) festivals are increasingly common and psychoactive substance use is prevalent. Although prehospital care can obviate the transfer of many attendees to health care facilities (HCFs), little is known regarding the emergency department (ED) burden of patients presenting from EDM festivals. Objectives This study describes the patient volume, length of stay (LOS), and presenting complaints of patients from a 3-day EDM festival in close proximity to an area ED. Methods Medical charts of patients presenting to one HCF from an EDM festival were reviewed for substances used, ED LOS, and sedative medications administered. Additionally, preparedness techniques are described. Results Over the 3-day festival, 28 patients presented to the ED (median age 21 years; range 18–29 years). Twenty-five had complaints related to substance use including ethanol (n = 18), “molly” or “ecstasy” (n = 13), and marijuana (n = 8). Three patients required intensive care or step-down unit admission for endotracheal intubation, rhabdomyolysis, and protracted altered mental status. The median LOS for discharged patients was 265 min (interquartile range 210–347 min). Eleven patients required the use of sedative medications, with cumulative doses of 42 mg of lorazepam and 350 mg of ketamine. All patients presented within the hours of 5:00 pm and 2:15 am . Conclusion The majority of ED visits from an EDM festival were related to substance use. ED arrival times clustered during the evening and were associated with prolonged LOS. Few patients required hospital admission, but admitted patients required high levels of care. HCFs should use these data as a guide in planning for future events.
Clinical and Translational Research Ethics: Training Consultants and Biomedical Research Personnel.

Ethics and human subject protection have been critical components of clinical research for decades. As scientific investigations and technological development have grown in complexity, the incidenc...
Steepest entropy ascent quantum thermodynamic model of electron and phonon transport

An advanced nonequilibrium thermodynamic model for electron and phonon transport is formulated based on the steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics framework. This framework, based on the principle of steepest entropy ascent (or the equivalent maximum entropy production principle), inherently satisfies the laws of thermodynamics and mechanics and is applicable at all temporal and spatial scales even in the far-from-equilibrium realm. Specifically, the model is proven to recover the Boltzmann transport equations in the near-equilibrium limit and the two-temperature model of electron-phonon coupling when no dispersion is assumed. The heat and mass transport at a temperature discontinuity across a homogeneous interface where the dispersion and coupling of electron and phonon transport are both considered are then modeled. Local nonequilibrium system evolution and nonquasiequilibrium interactions are predicted and the results discussed.
Vibration-based damage detection in wind turbine blades using Phase-based Motion Estimation and motion magnification

Abstract Vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques are among the most common approaches for structural damage identification. The presence of damage in structures may be identified by monitoring the changes in dynamic behavior subject to external loading, and is typically performed by using experimental modal analysis (EMA) or operational modal analysis (OMA). These tools for SHM normally require a limited number of physically attached transducers (e.g. accelerometers) in order to record the response of the structure for further analysis. Signal conditioners, wires, wireless receivers and a data acquisition system (DAQ) are also typical components of traditional sensing systems used in vibration-based SHM. However, instrumentation of lightweight structures with contact sensors such as accelerometers may induce mass-loading effects, and for large-scale structures, the instrumentation is labor intensive and time consuming. Achieving high spatial measurement resolution for a large-scale structure is not always feasible while working with traditional contact sensors, and there is also the potential for a lack of reliability associated with fixed contact sensors in outliving the life-span of the host structure. Among the state-of-the-art non-contact measurements, digital video cameras are able to rapidly collect high-density spatial information from structures remotely. In this paper, the subtle motions from recorded video (i.e. a sequence of images) are extracted by means of Phase-based Motion Estimation (PME) and the extracted information is used to conduct damage identification on a 2.3-m long Skystream® wind turbine blade (WTB). The PME and phased-based motion magnification approach estimates the structural motion from the captured sequence of images for both a baseline and damaged test cases on a wind turbine blade. Operational deflection shapes of the test articles are also quantified and compared for the baseline and damaged states. In addition, having proper lighting while working with high-speed cameras can be an issue, therefore image enhancement and contrast manipulation has also been performed to enhance the raw images. Ultimately, the extracted resonant frequencies and operational deflection shapes are used to detect the presence of damage, demonstrating the feasibility of implementing non-contact video measurements to perform realistic structural damage detection.
Learning subconcepts in user-generated text from social media sites: A case of exploring food concept

Learning concepts from social media textual data is challenging due to its informal communication style. A task was proposed for modeling time-varying conceptual characteristics of a core food concept by learning and tracking its associated time-dependent subconcepts as well. The preliminary experimental study demonstrated that the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model can learn meaningful subconcepts from microblog data. In the meantime, it was found that in contrast to information retrieval, choice of term weights will either suppress or lift certain term types so as to radically interrupt relevance of subconcepts and participating terms. The term frequency weight suits better in constituting semantically reasonable subconcepts which are more relevant to the core concept. The generated subconcepts can help construct a collective picture of the core concept from the social media perspective.
Allergenicity of Certain Airborne Fungal Spores

Fungi have been implicated in hypersensitivity reactions in sensitive humans. These allergic reactions can be related to exposure to either spores, mycelia or metabolites of fungi (Burge, 1989) and are more often experienced in the lower respiratory passages than in the nasal tissues due to the small spore sizes (Hjelmroos, 1988). Fungal spores, present in both indoor and outdoor air samples, vary in both quantity and type according to the season of the year, time of day, geographical location and nearness to the spore sources (Lacey, 1981). Aspergillus and Penicillium are usually non-seasonal indoor molds. Fungi such as Alternaria and Cladosporium are universally the most dominant among the outdoor molds (Hoffman, 1984).
Nanosized biomaterials for regenerative medicine

This review discusses recent developments in the field of nanosized biomaterials and their use in tissue regeneration approaches. The aim is to provide an overview of the research focused on nanoparticle-based strategies to stimulate regeneration. In particular, nanoparticles improve the regenerative capabilities of biomaterials offering ways to control surface and mechanical properties. Moreover, incorporation of nanoparticles within biomaterials increases cellular adhesion, differentiation and integration of stem cells into the surrounding environment. Finally, the drug delivery capabilities of nanoparticles offer additional possibilities to increase the biological performance of biomaterials. As the development of nanoparticles continues, incorporation of this technology in the field of regenerative medicine will ultimately lead to new tools that can diagnose, track and stimulate the growth of new tissues and organs.
“She Controlled Everything That I’d Do”: A Qualitative Exploration of Relationship Abuse Experienced by Adolescent Fathers

Adolescent parents are vulnerable to dating abuse, yet few studies have investigated abuse experienced by adolescent fathers. The purpose of the present study was to explore adolescent fathers’ perceptions of the dating abuse victimization they experienced by the mothers of their children. Twelve in-depth interviews with predominately Hispanic fathers were analyzed using thematic analysis methods. The most common themes to emerge from the narratives were emotional abuse, social control, using the children (i.e., threatening to take the child away or refusing to let the fathers see their child), and physical abuse. The fathers outlined a series of subthemes within each larger theme in order to provide rich descriptions of their experiences. Findings suggest that, just as adolescent parents are at a crossroads of developmental tasks, they are also experiencing abusive behaviors found in both adolescent (social control) and adult (using the children) relationships. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Examining the “I” in Team: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Influence of Team Narcissism Composition on Team Outcomes in the NBA

Previous research has shown that narcissism is unrelated to job performance, yet this individual-level effect may be underestimating narcissism’s wider influence on organizational performance. To a...
Training Programs on Geriatrics in Rural Areas: a Review

To understand the current scope of training in geriatrics in rural areas for rural providers and teams, we reviewed current literature to identify training programs which pertain to geriatric education and training of the rural workforce. Older adults are one of the fastest growing demographics in the USA and represent a higher share of the population in rural areas than in other counties. Older adults in rural areas often have complex health challenges and may benefit from care from healthcare teams with geriatrics training. However, there is a paucity of geriatrics workforce in the country and particularly in rural areas. Geriatric training programs targeting rural practitioners may serve to bridge this gap through providing training and support to rural teams taking care of older adults in rural areas. Ten unique programs were identified which described efforts to introduce geriatrics to rural practitioners. Each used different methods of training at a distance, leveraging the use of telecommunications and the internet, or face-to-face training methods alone or in combination with distance training. Improvements in clinician knowledge, skills, and other impacts were described. Current evidence demonstrates that providing training in geriatrics is feasible and may yield positive impacts on rural clinical teams and potential downstream effects on patient care.
Genomic Balance Plays Out in Evolution

I will never forget the “Ah-ha” moment I had upon reviewing the article by [ Blanc and Wolfe (2004) ][1] at the beginning of my stint as a coeditor of The Plant Cell . In the few years preceding that submission, it had become increasingly known from genome sequences that many species had
Investing in carbon emissions reduction in the EOQ model

Investment in carbon emissions reduction is an important decision for many firms due to climate change and growing pressures from various stakeholders. In this paper, we examine the problem of join...
Electrical stimulation mapping of language with stereo-EEG.

Abstract Objective We prospectively validated stereo-electroencephalography (EEG) electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of language against a reference standard of meta-analytic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) framework (Neurosynth). Methods Language ESM was performed using 50 Hz, biphasic, bipolar, stimulation at 1–8 mA, with a picture naming task. Electrode contacts (ECs) were scored as ESM + if ESM interfered with speech/language function. For each patient, presurgical MRI was transformed to a standard space and coregistered with computed tomographic (CT) scan to obtain EC locations. After whole-brain parcellation, this fused image data were intersected with three-dimensional language fMRI (Neurosynth), and each EC was classified as lying within/outside the fMRI language parcel. Diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and other indices were estimated. Current thresholds for language inhibition and after-discharges (ADs) were analyzed using multivariable linear mixed models. Results In 10 patients (5 females), aged 5.4–21.2 years, speech/language inhibition was noted with ESM on 87/304 (29%) ECs. Stereo-EEG language ESM was a valid classifier of fMRI (Neurosynth) language sites (DOR: 9.02, p Language threshold (3.1 ± 1.5 mA) was lower than AD threshold (4.0 ± 2.0 mA, p = 0.0001). Language and AD thresholds decreased with age and intelligence quotient. Electrical stimulation mapping triggered seizures/auras represented patients' habitual semiology with 1 Hz stimulation. Conclusions Stereo-EEG ESM can reliably identify cerebral parcels with/without language function but may under detect all language sites. We suggest a 50-Hz stimulation protocol for language ESM with stereo-EEG.
Associations Among Body Mass Index, Cortical Thickness, and Executive Function in Children

Importance A total of 25.7 million children in the United States are classified as overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with deficits in executive function, which may contribute to poor dietary decision-making. Less is known about the associations between being overweight or obese and brain development. Objective To examine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with thickness of the cerebral cortex and whether cortical thickness mediates the association between BMI and executive function in children. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, cortical thickness maps were derived from T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images of a large, diverse sample of 9 and 10-year-old children from 21 US sites. List sorting, flanker, matrix reasoning, and Wisconsin card sorting tasks were used to assess executive function. Main Outcomes and Measures A 10-fold nested cross-validation general linear model was used to assess mean cortical thickness from BMI across cortical brain regions. Associations between BMI and executive function were explored with Pearson partial correlations. Mediation analysis examined whether mean prefrontal cortex thickness mediated the association between BMI and executive function. Results Among 3190 individuals (mean [SD] age, 10.0 [0.61] years; 1627 [51.0%] male), those with higher BMI exhibited lower cortical thickness. Eighteen cortical regions were significantly inversely associated with BMI. The greatest correlations were observed in the prefrontal cortex. The BMI was inversely correlated with dimensional card sorting (r = −0.088,P Conclusions and Relevance These results suggest that BMI is associated with prefrontal cortex development and diminished executive functions, such as working memory.
Real-time transition dynamics between multi-pulsing states in a mode-locked fiber laser

We experimentally studied the transition dynamics between consecutive multi-pulsing states, specifically the build-up and annihilation of soliton pulses between a double pulsing and a three-pulse state, utilizing the dispersive Fourier transform technique. The birth of an additional pulse in a mode-locked soliton fiber laser in a multi-pulsing regime arises from a dispersive wave-induced narrow-band pulse that experiences strong intensity fluctuations, while the other soliton pulses maintain their shapes. During the decaying process to a double pulsing state, it is observed that all the pulses undergo a unique breathing behavior before settling into a steady state.
The Peace Dividend of Valuing Non-Dominant Languages in Language-in-Education Policies in Myanmar.

This article is a literature review and analysis of the links between social cohesion/peacebuilding and the use of Non-Dominant Languages (NDLs) in education with an application for Myanmar, a country rich in linguistic diversity, rife with political conflict, and in the midst educational reforms. Findings indicate that investment in multilingual education (MLE) has the potential to enhance learning and foster peacebuilding. This paper provides a description of an adapted “4R” theoretical framework (Novelli & Sayed, 2016) and a summary of educational reforms in Myanmar to contextualize the discussion. The paper argues that the double threat to the NDLs that comes from Burmese or English as medium of instruction can endanger minority languages, learning, and peacebuilding. Finally, findings suggest that engaging in dialogue, research, advocacy and teacher development in MLE can raise awareness of the peace dividend of valuing language diversity and the importance of language policies vis-a-vis learning and peacebuilding.
Supersized Alcopop Consumption Associated With Homelessness and Gang Membership.

BACKGROUND Supersized alcopops are single-serving, ready-to-drink beverages with very high alcohol content. Research suggests that consumption of these products is especially dangerous. The current study was one of the first to examine individual-level characteristics associated with recent consumption of supersized alcopops. METHODS Adults on probation (n = 253; 70% male) in Baltimore City, MD, and Dallas, TX, who reported heavy drinking or any illicit drug use completed interviews. Psychosocial scales were drawn from the Criminal Justice Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment Intake. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine characteristics associated with past 30-day consumption of supersized alcopops. RESULTS Past 30-day consumption of supersized alcopops was significantly associated with higher scores for hostility and risk-taking, and lower scores on the self-esteem scale compared to nonconsumers. Recent consumption of supersized alcopops was also significantly associated with past 30-day homelessness and current gang affiliation. Among those who did not experience homelessness, 11% consumed supersized alcopops, compared to 30% of those who experienced homelessness. Further, 11% of those who were not gang-affiliated reported consuming a supersized alcopop within the past 30 days, compared to 57% of those who were gang-affiliated. DISCUSSION This study identifies disparate consumption of dangerous supersized alcopop products by vulnerable and at-risk groups. Better regulation of supersized alcopop marketing is needed to reduce alcohol consumption among high-risk groups, including people who are homeless and gang members, and display greater hostility and risk-taking traits. Previous research suggests that reducing the alcohol by volume and increasing the retail price of supersized alcopops would reduce some of the harms associated with consumption.
Beyond tradition and convention: benefits of non-traditional model organisms in cancer research

Traditional laboratory model organisms are indispensable for cancer research and have provided insight into numerous mechanisms that contribute to cancer development and progression in humans. However, these models do have some limitations, most notably related to successful drug translation, because traditional model organisms are often short-lived, small-bodied, genetically homogeneous, often immunocompromised, are not exposed to natural environments shared with humans, and usually do not develop cancer spontaneously. We propose that assimilating information from a variety of long-lived, large, genetically diverse, and immunocompetent species that live in natural environments and do develop cancer spontaneously (or do not develop cancer at all) will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human cancers. These non-traditional model organisms can also serve as sentinels for environmental risk factors that contribute to human cancers. Ultimately, expanding the range of animal models that can be used to study cancer will lead to improved insights into cancer development, progression and metastasis, tumor microenvironment, as well as improved therapies and diagnostics, and will consequently reduce the negative impacts of the wide variety of cancers afflicting humans overall.
Real-world patterns of pegloticase use for treatment of gout: descriptive multidatabase cohort study

Objective Pegloticase is used in severe refractory gout or in cases of intolerance to other urate-lowering therapies. We sought to evaluate the patterns of pegloticase use in the USA and the incidence of safety outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using data from two US commercial insurance claims databases (2010–2018). We identified new initiators of pegloticase with ≥1 gout diagnosis code in the 365-day baseline period prior to pegloticase initiation. We measured the number and duration of pegloticase infusions. We assessed the risk of anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions, cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction or stroke, and hospitalisation for heart failure (new onset or exacerbations) while undergoing pegloticase therapy. Results Among 2.9 million patients with ≥1 diagnosis of gout, we identified only 483 (179 in Optum and 304 in MarketScan) pegloticase initiators. The mean age and % female was 55.6 years, 10.9% for MarketScan and 60.6 years and 17.3% for Optum. Hypertension was present in up to 85%, diabetes mellitus in 38%, chronic kidney disease in 46% and heart failure in 21% of the patients. The median number of infusions was four and the duration of therapy was 3 months. During the mean 0.5-year follow-up time on pegloticase, there were 3 (0.6%) anaphylaxis, 7 (1.4%) composite cardiovascular, 31 (6.4%) heart failure hospitalisations and 3 (0.6%) deaths. Conclusion Pegloticase is rarely used in gout, and the median duration of pegloticase therapy was 3 months. There were few anaphylaxis events captured in this claims-based study, while heart failure hospitalisations were common.