cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulatory Responses to Acute Exercise‐Heat Stress and Heat Acclimation

The sections in this article are: 1 Heat Stress 2 Thermoregulatory Control 3 Core Temperature 3.1 Measurement of Core Temperature 3.2 Core Temperature Responses to Exercise 4 Metabolism 4.1 Metabolic Rate 4.2 Skeletal Muscle Metabolism 4.3 Acclimation 5 Heat Loss Mechanisms 5.1 Evaporation 5.2 Heat Loss and Skin Blood Flow 5.3 Cardiovascular Support for Thermoregulation and Exercise 6 Heat Acclimation 6.1 Induction and Decay 6.2 Underlying Mechanisms 6.3 Dry vs Humid Heat 7 Biomedical Factors Modifying Exercise-Heat Performance 7.1 Aerobic Fitness 7.2 Dehydration 7.3 Circadian Patterns and Sleep Loss 7.4 Skin Disorders 7.5 Medications 8 Specific Populations 8.1 Women 8.2 Blacks 8.3 Children and Older Adults 8.4 Spinal Cord Injury
Review Essay: Four Books on Gay Rights and Same-Sex Marriage

This short essay reviews four books examining different approaches to gay rights, and in particular same-sex marriage, including cross-cultural comparisons and discussions of Jewish and Christian marriage doctrine. Reviewed here are Richard Mohr's The Long Arc of Justice: Lesbian and Gay Marriage, Equality, and Rights, William Eskridge's and Darren Spedale's Gay Marriage: For Better or for Worse? What We've Learned from the Evidence, Mark Jordan's Blessing Same-Sex Unions: The Perils of Queer Romance and the Confusions of Christian Marriage, and Authorizing Marriage? Canon, Tradition and Critique in the Blessing of Same-Sex Unions, edited by Mark Jordan. The varied perspectives these works provide is especially important given the exceptionally controversial nature of same-sex marriage rights in the United States.
Extreme ultraviolet observations of hot white dwarfs

Observations shortward of the hydrogen Lyman limit provide sensitive determinations of stellar temperatures and interstellar absorption. Such data are of particular value in studies of hot white dwarfs, for which a large fraction of the emission occurs in the extreme ultraviolet band (100–1000 A). Observations of HZ 43 and Feige 24 have been obtained with the Apollo-Soyuz extreme ultraviolet telescope; both stars are copious EUV emitters, with 4 × 10-9 and 3 × 10-9 erg/cm2 sec in the 170–620 A band respectively. The EUV data combined with optical spectrophotometry, allow their temperatures to be estimated as 80,000 and 60,000 K respectively. The corresponding interstellar neutral hydrogen column densities are ~ 4 × 1018 cm-2.
Fish Assemblages in the Upper Esopus Creek, NY: Current Status, Variability, and Controlling Factors

Abstract The Upper Esopus Creek receives water diversions from a neighboring basin through the Shandaken Tunnel (the portal) from the Schoharie Reservoir. Although the portal is closed during floods, mean flows and turbidity of portal waters are generally greater than in Esopus Creek above their confluence. These conditions could potentially affect local fish assemblages, yet such effects have not been assessed in this highly regulated stream. We studied water quality, hydrology, temperature, and fish assemblages at 18 sites in the Upper Esopus Creek during 2009–2011 to characterize the effects of the portal input on resident-fish assemblages and to document the status of the fishery resource. In general, fish-community richness increased by 2–3 species at mainstem sites near the portal, and median density and biomass of fish communities at sites downstream of the portal were significantly lower than they were at sites upstream of the portal. Median densities of Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) and all trout sp...
Child Welfare Managed Care: Navigating a Policy Sea of Change

A companion piece to Child Welfare Managed Care in Florida, this piece summarizes the drivers of child welfare managed care, the attributes of successful programs and four major challenges facing such approaches to services for abused and neglected children. These are adequate funding, legal liability, preservation of appropriate state parens patriae role, and appropriate use of "for profit" motives. The audience for this article is the community of practicing lawyers, and, therefore, the article focuses on providing them with a number of systemic and case-based advocacy tips.
Laparoscopic colon resection of benign polyps: high grade dysplasia on endoscopic biopsy and polyp location predict risk of cancer.

BACKGROUND To ensure that an oncologic resection is not compromised, laparoscopic surgery is not recommended for colon cancer patients during the learning curve. Although patients with colon polyps are frequently selected as "learning cases," several studies have found a high incidence of occult cancers in this subset of patients questioning the safety of this approach. A retrospective review was performed of laparoscopic resections for colonic polyps to determine the incidence of occult cancer and, clinical and pathologic factors predictive of cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS From January 2004 and September 2007, 44 colectomies were performed for colonic polyps. Data from a prospective database was examined and supplemented by pathology reports. Of 44 patients, operative conversion was 5% with a 4-day median length of stay, a morbidity of 20% with no mortalities. All patients had clear surgical margins with a median of 12 lymph nodes detected. An occult cancer was detected in 6 of 44 cases (14%). High-grade dysplasia on endoscopic biopsy and polyp location distal to the splenic flexure was associated with a significantly (P<0.05) increased risk of cancer. Forty-three percent of cancers were detected in polyps with high-grade dysplasia compared with 8% of polyps without dysplasia on biopsy. Polyps distal to the splenic flexure had a 43% rate of occult cancers detected compared with 8% in polyps proximal to the splenic flexure. CONCLUSIONS Colonic polyps with high-grade dysplasia on endoscopic biopsy and polyps located distal to the splenic flexure are associated with the highest risk of cancer and may not be appropriate cases during the learning curve.
How does the heart respond to aortic stenosis: let me count the ways.

Barone-Rochette et al,1 in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , have provided us with an elegant study comparing pertinent echocardiographic measurements in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) with cardiac MRI measurements of similar parameters in the same patients. Reassuringly, they found that aortic flow measured by the 2 techniques was in good agreement, that anatomic aortic valve area (AVA) was slightly larger than physiological area as has been predicted in the past,2 and they shed new light on the patient with low flow, low gradient normal ejection fraction (EF) AS. Article see p 1009 There are 3 ways that a patient with a normal EF can have reduced aortic flow: (1) end-diastolic volume is reduced; (2) there is mitral regurgitation; and (3) small nonstatistically significant differences in the components of aortic flow add up to major differences in stroke volume. Thus, a patient with an end-diastolic volume of 120 cc, an EF of 0.63, and no mitral regurgitation has a stroke volume of 75.6 cc, whereas a patient with an end-diastolic volume of 118 cc, an EF of 0.60, and a regurgitant fraction of 0.09 has a forward aortic stroke volume of 64.4 cc, a 15% reduction. Accordingly, patients in the current study with low flow and high gradient seemed to have more mitral regurgitation than other groups because stroke volume determined volumetrically was substantially more than aortic flow. Patients with low flow and low gradient had a clinically significant but statistically insignificant 10% reduction in end-diastolic volume compared with the high flow groups and they also had the lowest EF of all groups in the study but still normal at 0.60. Of interest is their finding that in this group the mass:volume ratio was not excessively high in contrast to other reports.3–5 Thus, …
Encouraging patients with depressive symptoms to seek care: A mixed methods approach to message development

Abstract Objective To assess the message preferences of individuals affected by depression as part of a project that will evaluate interventions to encourage at-risk patients to talk to their physicians about depression. Methods Adaptive Conjoint Analysis (ACA) of 32 messages defined by 10 message attributes. Messages were developed based on input from three focus groups comprised of individuals with a personal and/or family history of depression, then tested using volunteers from an Internet health community. In an online conjoint survey, 249 respondents with depression rated their liking of the messages constructed for each attribute. They were then presented with two message sets and rated their preferences. Preference utilities were generated using hierarchical Bayes estimation. Results The optimal communication approach described both psychological and physical symptoms of depression, recognized multiple treatment options, offered lifetime prevalence data, noted that depression can affect anyone, and acknowledged that finding an effective treatment can take time. Conclusion Individuals with depression respond differently to depression care messages, underscoring the need for careful message development and evaluation. Practice implications ACA, used in conjunction with focus groups, is a promising approach for developing and testing messages in the formative research stage of intervention development.
Atmospheric sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. A comparison of methods of measurements.

Abstract Comparison of the results obtained from great numbers of samples using several different methods of measuring both ambient sulfur dioxide and particulate matter indicated that two different concurrent standard methods of measuring a single pollutant may give significantly different average results. In some communities, a fairly good to excellent correlation appears to exist between some of the different components of atmospheric particulate matter and also between these components and SO2, so that the concentration of one type of pollutant could be rather reliably predicted by measuring another type of pollutant.
AKTivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by KSHV

As an obligate intracellular parasite, the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) relies on host cell machinery to meet its needs for survival, viral replication, production, and dissemination of progeny virions. KSHV is a ɣ-herpesvirus that is associated with three different malignancies: Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and two B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). KSHV viral proteins modulate cellular phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which is a ubiquitous pathway that also controls B lymphocyte proliferation and development. We review the mechanisms by which KSHV manipulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, with a specific focus on B cells.
Declining use of brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose To analyze the recent trends in the utilization of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) for the treatment of prostate cancer. Methods and Materials Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, information was obtained for all patients diagnosed with localized prostate adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2009 who were treated with radiation as local therapy. We evaluated the utilization of BT, EBRT, and combination BT + EBRT by the year of diagnosis and performed a multivariable analysis to determine the predictors of BT as treatment choice. Results Between 2004 and 2009, EBRT monotherapy use increased from 55.8% to 62.0%, whereas all BT use correspondingly decreased from 44.2% to 38.0% (BT-only use decreased from 30.4% to 25.6%, whereas BT + EBRT use decreased from 13.8% to 12.3%). The decline of BT utilization differed by patient race, SEER registry, median county income, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk categorization (all p Conclusions Our analysis reveals decreasing utilization of BT for prostate cancer. This finding has significant implications in terms of national health care expenditure.
Dynamic Design and Computer Imitation of Belt Conveyor with Horizontal Curves

The dynamic design of a large belt conveyor with horizontal curves was studied in this paper. The method of calculating its running resistance was obtained by analyzing the orienting force and resistance on the curving parts of the belt conveyors. Dynamic equation of belt conveyor with horizontal curves by using discrete finite element model was established integrating the line-running parts and the curve-running parts. Additionally, dynamic analysis software of belt conveyor with horizontal curves was developed. Through simulation on real time system, start-up process and braking process were analyzed. The deviation of the belt was analyzed based on the tension, and the effect of curve running on belt conveyor was discussed.
Cell Competition: Pirates on the Tangled Bank

Competition by stem cells for occupation of a limited niche is a well-described phenomenon. Two recent studies highlight competition between hematopoietic stem cells based on p53. These findings have implications for both normal homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
The political roots of misuse of evaluation

Two types of evaluation misuse are described: misuse by a client who is politically committed to continuing or expanding a program regardless of the results; and misuse by an evaluator who changes results in order to satisfy the client.
Genetics of Alcoholism

Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders are substantially heritable. Variants in genes coding for alcohol metabolic enzymes have long been known to influence consumption. More recent studies in family-based samples have implicated GABRA2, nicotinic receptor genes such as CHRNB3, and a number of other specific single genes as associated with alcohol use disorders. The growing use of genetic analyses, in particular studies using polygenic risk scores; neurobiologic pathways; and methods for quantifying gene × gene and gene × environment interactions have also contributed to an evolving understanding of the genetic architecture of alcohol use disorders. Additionally, the study of behavioral traits associated with alcohol dependence such as impulsivity and sensation seeking, and the influences of demographic factors (i.e., sex and ethnicity) have significantly enhanced the genetics of alcoholism literature. This article provides a brief overview of the current topically relevant findings in the field to date and includes areas of research still requiring attention.
Observations on the continuous culture of a planktonic phagotrophic protozoan

Abstract The continuous culture of a marine ciliate, Uronema sp., is described. This phagotroph was fed suspensions of a marine bacterium (Serratia marinorubra) which were maintained in a resting state. In this simplified system, where no growth of the prey could occur, the protozoan growth rate, population level, and the level of the prey in the chemostat obeyed the classical chemostat equations over a wide range of incoming prey concentrations. However, at low protozoan concentrations some factor besides food concentration became limiting. Consequently, wash-out occurred at food levels which, theoretically, should have produced a steady state. Additional observations suggest that yield, when based upon cell numbers, is a constant but when based upon carbon may be a variable.
Factor-specific dimensions in person perception for same- and opposite-sex friendship dyads.

Summary College students (43 male and 45 female) provided descriptions of themselves, their best same-sex friends, and their best opposite-sex friends, using the Subjective Estimation Blank derived from Cattell's 16 Personality Factor questionnaire. Results indicate substantial factor specificity in person perception. Males' self and male-friend descriptions emphasized leadership and rivalry dimensions. Females' self and female-friend descriptions indicated sensitivity to perceptions of social competency. Males tended to describe females in terms of sociosexual companionship, while females attended to males' probability of material success. Competitive relationships appeared to characterize same-sex evaluations for both males and females, while complementarity was the basis for other-sex evaluations.
Some Magnetic Properties of Dy Metal

The magnetic moment of dysprosium has been measured in applied fields of 4000-18 000 oersteds, over the temperature range of 4.2-202\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The susceptibility of dysprosium was found to be field dependent below about 175\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Below 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, dysprosium appeared to have true though abnormal ferromagnetic properties, confirming the previous work of Trombe. At hydrogen and helium temperatures the magnetization isotherms fell below the 31\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K isotherm. An absolute saturation magnetic moment of at least 8 Bohr magnetons was indicated by the data obtained in the temperature range of 31\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The magnitude of the measured values of the magnetic moment of dysprosium indicated that the orbital angular momentum of the $4f$ electrons contributes to the ferromagnetism.
Dueling, Dancing, or Dominating? Journalists and Their Sources

The study of journalism has long included a close examination of who gets to be a news source. With their privileging of the objectivity paradigm and distrust of direct reportorial experience, journalists turn to outside sources to provide evidence for their accounts. But this is not a mere exchange of information; patterns of news sourcing confer authority and legitimacy on certain sources or groups while ignoring others. Over time, sourcing routines reinforce notions of who possesses social power. This essay reviews conceptualizations of how journalist–source dynamics result in the production of certain representations of the way things are. Three perspectives receive attention: viewing the journalist–source relationship as symbiotic and mutually beneficial, as dominated by sources who set the cultural definition of events and problems, and as marked by incessant competition over news access and the ability to shape news frames. While the work on news sources has been extremely productive in conceptualizing the relationship between definitional power and journalism, the shifting media environment requires renewed attention to the relationship between journalists and their sources.
New roles of nonprofit organizations and partnership with government and/or business

The term NGO has been used more specifically to encompass nonprofit organizations engaged in international programs. In recent years, what Professor Lester Salamon of the Institute of Policy Studies of Johns Hopkins University has referred to as the ‘nonprofit sector’ seems popular worldwide. He defines nonprofit organizations as ‘organizations that share seven common features: they are formally constituted; organizationally separate from government; non‐profit‐seeking; self‐governing; voluntary to some significant degree; nonreligious; and nonpolitical (Salamon and Anheier 1994).’ To avoid confusion, the term ‘NGO’ is used in this paper in reference to nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations that are independent from any particular government office or private corporation and which are pursuing public interests.
Activity Staining of Pacific Whiting (Merluccius products) Protease

An activity staining method using SDS-substrate gel was used to determine Pacific whiting proteolytic activity. The most active protease band was resolved at an apparent M, of 39,500 corresponding to the activity of cathepsin L. The activity was more pronounced for ocean-caught Pacific whiting than Puget Sound Pacific whiting or ocean-caught arrowtooth flounder. Gel electrophoresis activity staining of proteolytic enzymes in Pacific whiting was not as sensitive as the TCA-azocasein assay but provided information on the molecular properties of the enzyme and a semi-quantitative estimation of activity.
Assessment of 3D noise methodology for thermal sensor simulation

An approach to determining the fidelity of synthetic noise based on the NVESD 3-D noise methodology is introduced. After reviewing the theory of 3-D noise analysis, three methods for the generation of synthetic noise are outlined: power spectrum matching, physical noise modeling, and 3-D noise parameter inversion. Real and synthetic noise samples from a staring thermal sensor were analyzed using a 3-D noise analysis. A series of simulated minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) experiments using real and synthetic noise were also conducted. Results from the analysis and the MRTD indicate that modifications to the 3-D noise parameter inversion method could provide a more accurate match to real MRTDs. In addition, the MRTD method used in this research could be used to quantify the relative impact of each component of the 3-D noise model.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Group representations and creation operators

A general formalism for describing unitary representations of noncompact semisimple groups is presented. It is applied to describe some general properties of representations ofSU(6, 6), of possible interest for the classification of elementary particles.
Observations on the Cytology and Fine Structure of Mitosis in the Fern, Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook

Persisting nucleoli were found in the fern, Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook. The nucleoli remain attached to the chromosomes until meta-anaphase at which time they are extruded from the spindle and are displaced poleward to become situated in the peripheral cytoplasm. They may persist through interphase and into the next mitosis. The nucleoli undergo structural changes during mitosis. They apparently lose the dense granular components present in interphase nucleoli and appear as loosely organized fibrous masses. A tripolar spindle was observed in which the spindle appeared to be slightly twisted. The high chromosome number (2n≈1020) facilitated the study of the centromere region, although no fine structural differentiation of this structure was found. Spindle fibers do not converge on highly localized poles but tend to become disorganized in the polar regions. The presence of undulations and sinuses along the length of the chromosomes suggests. coiling of the chromosomes and a subchromatid structure.
Oscillations in the temperature dependence of Josephson supercurrents in SNS junctions

Oscillation have been observed in the temperature dependence of the Josephson critical supercurrent of lead-zinc-lead (SNS) junctions. These oscillations occur only in the presence of a magnetic field and the period decreases as the temperature approaches T/sub c/. Model calculations indicate that this phenomenon is related to changes in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern with temperature.
The discriminability of local surface structure

The ability of observers to discriminate depth and orientation differences between separated local regions on object surfaces was examined. The objects were defined by many optical sources of information simultaneously, including shading, texture, motion, and binocular disparity. Despite the full-cue nature of the displays, the observers' performance was relatively poor, with Weber fractions ranging from 10% to 40%. The Weber fractions were considerably lower for discriminations of surface-orientation differences than for similar discriminations of depth differences. The ability of observers to discriminate surface-orientation differences was approximately invariant over the separation of the regions in the projected image. In contrast, the ability to discriminate depth differences was highly influenced by the amount of image separation. This qualitative difference between the perception of depth intervals and surface-orientation differences suggests that knowledge of depths and orientations may be represented separately within the human visual system.
Partial purification of a 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate: NADP oxidoreductase from mammalian liver.

Abstract Osborn et , al. (1957) reported an enzymatic deacylation of 10-CHO-H 4 PteGlu ∗ according to equation 1 by a preparation from beef liver 10CHOH 4 PteGlu + H 2 O → H 4 PteGlu +HCOOH (1) acetone powder. Full activity required catalytic amounts of either NADP or NADPH. We became interested in the possible involvement of this enzyme in the regulation of the tissue levels of free H4PteGlu. Our work led to the finding of a different, oxidative deformylation of 10-CHO-H4PteGlu according to equation 2. 10CHOH4PteGlu + NADP+ + H2O → H4PteGlu + CO2 + NADPH +H+ (2) This communication describes the partial purification of this new enzyme activity from pig liver and the evidence for reaction 2.
Accelerator mass spectrometry at Arizona: geochronology of the climatic record and connections with the ocean.

There are many diverse uses of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 14C studies at our laboratory include much research related to paleoclimate, with 14C as a tracer of past changes in environmental conditions as observed in corals, marine sediments, and many terrestrial records. Terrestrial records can also show the influence of oceanic oscillations, whether they are short term, such as ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation), or on the millennial time scale. In tracer applications, we have developed the use of 129I as well as 14C as tracers for nuclear pollution studies around radioactive waste dump sites, in collaboration with IAEA. We discuss some applications carried out in Tucson, AZ, for several of these fields and hope to give some idea of the breadth of these studies.
Large amplitude free vibrations of annular plates of varying thickness

Abstract The non-linear (i.e., large deflection) free vibrations of thick, orthotropic annular plates with varying thickness are calculated. The formulation is based on the more general Reissner plate equations as well as the von Karman plate equations for variable thickness annular plates. Numerical results for the ratio of the non-linear period to the linear period of natural vibration are compared with those existing in the literature. New results are also included for future comparisons.
A study of cohesion and coherence in English as a second language students’ writing

Abstract This article examines cohesion and coherence in ESL learners’ writing compared with the writing of native English speakers. Altogether six essays on argumentative tasks were analyzed using Halliday and Hasan's (1976) cohesion theory. The coherence in the essays was measured during holistic ratings and an interactive text analysis based on speech act theory. The results of the study show that to be cohesive, an ESL essay did not need to be coherent. Furthermore, general cohesion density was not found to be a discriminating factor between the native speakers and ESL writers. The ESL writers were found, however, to lack the variety of lexical cohesive devices used by the native speakers. With respect to coherence, ESL learners’ writing lacked: 1) adequate justification for claim statements, and 2) sufficient linking of concluding statements to preceding subtopics of the problem.
Infection with Seasonal Influenza Virus Elicits CD4 T Cells Specific for Genetically Conserved Epitopes That Can Be Rapidly Mobilized for Protective Immunity to Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus

In recent years, influenza viruses with pandemic potential have been a major concern worldwide. One unresolved issue is how infection or vaccination with seasonal influenza virus strains influences the ability to mount a protective immune response to novel pandemic strains. In this study, we developed a mouse model of primary and secondary influenza infection by using a widely circulating seasonal H1N1 virus and the pandemic strain of H1N1 that emerged in Mexico in 2009, and we evaluated several key issues. First, using overlapping peptide libraries encompassing the entire translated sequences of 5 major influenza virus proteins, we assessed the specificity of CD4 T cell reactivity toward epitopes conserved among H1N1 viruses or unique to the seasonal or pandemic strain by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. Our data show that CD4 T cells reactive to both virus-specific and genetically conserved epitopes are elicited, allowing separate tracking of these responses. Populations of cross-reactive CD4 T cells generated from seasonal influenza infection were found to expand earlier after secondary infection with the pandemic H1N1 virus than CD4 T cell populations specific for new epitopes. Coincident with this rapid CD4 T cell response was a potentiated neutralizing-antibody response to the pandemic strain and protection from the pathological effects of infection with the pandemic virus. This protection was not dependent on CD8 T cells. Together, our results indicate that exposure to seasonal vaccines and infection elicits CD4 T cells that promote the ability of the mammalian host to mount a protective immune response to pandemic strains of influenza virus.
The Role of School Psychology in Preventing Depression.

To advance the role of school psychologists in mental health prevention and wellness activities, in this article we describe (a) a social ecological theory for guiding school-based prevention research, (b) the role of schools in the development and prevention of depression, (c) a continuum of school-based support for meeting the needs of children who are currently depressed for preventing future internalizing distress for all children, and (d) social and political factors that must be considered if lasting change is to occur. We conclude with specific considerations for school psychologists. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 763–775, 2004.
Danian faunal succession: Planktonic foraminiferal response to a changing marine environment

Planktonic foraminiferal evolution following the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary extinction event is marked by a series of events in which one assemblage is rapidly replaced by another. This pattern is characteristic of a highly changing pelagic environment. The observed changes in the planktonic foraminifera may be related to long-term changes in oceanic productivity that persisted for about the first 2 m.y. of the Danian.
Vacuolar ATPase driven potassium transport in highly metastatic breast cancer cells

Abstract Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and thus has received a great deal of attention by researchers. Recent studies suggested decreased occurrence of cancer in patients treated with cardiac glycosides (CGs) for heart conditions. Because CGs induce their cellular effects via the Na + , K + ATPase (Na–K), we treated four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB453, and MDA-MB231) and a non-cancerous breast ductal epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) with ouabain, a well-characterized CG, and measured cell proliferation by measuring bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Ouabain (1 μM) decreased cell proliferation in all cell lines studied except MDA-MB453 cells. Western blot of Na–K α and β subunits showed α1, α3, and β1 expression in all cell lines except MDA-MB453 cells where Na–K protein and mRNA were absent. Potassium uptake, measured as rubidium ( 86 Rb) flux, and intracellular potassium were both significantly higher in MDA-MB453 cells compared to MCF-10A cells. RT-qPCR suggested a 7 fold increase in voltage-gated potassium channel (KCNQ2) expression in MDA-MB453 cells compared to MCF-10A cells. Inhibition of KCNQ2 prevented cell growth and 86 Rb uptake in MDA-MB453 cells but not in MCF-10A cells. All cancer cells had significantly higher vacuolar H-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity than MCF-10A cells. Inhibition of V-ATPase decreased 86 Rb uptake and intracellular potassium in MDA-MB453 cells but not in MCF-10A cells. The findings point to the absence of Na–K, high hERG and KCNQ2 expression, elevated V-ATPase activity and sensitivity to V-ATPase inhibitors in MDA-MB453. We conclude that cancer cells exhibit fundamentally different metabolic pathways for maintenance of intracellular ion homeostasis.
Dreaming and the impossible art of translation.

This essay identifies translation both as an historically core metaphor in Euro-American dream theory and as a contemporary ally for dream teaching and research. It also traces the mutuality of translators' reliance on Freud, Jung, and other dream theorists in their metaphorical expression of the art and craft of translation. The sustained interaction of oneiric and linguistic metaphor-making stems from the fact that virtually all of our knowledge about dreams has been mediated through language and that all dream reporting is itself an act of intersemiotic translation. In an attempt to stimulate further comparative inquiry, the overlapping concerns and often uncanny affinities between language/translation studies and dream/interpretation studies are presented.
How Does Facial Feedback Modulate Emotional Experience

Contracting muscles involved in facial expressions (e.g. smiling or frowning) can make emotions more intense, even when unaware one is modifying expression (e.g. Strack, Martin, & Stepper, 1988). However, it is unresolved whether and how inhibiting facial expressions might weaken emotional experience. In the present study, 142 participants watched positive and negative video clips while either inhibiting their facial expressions or not. When hypothesis awareness and effects of distraction were experimentally controlled, inhibiting facial expressions weakened some emotional experiences. These findings provide new insight into ways that inhibition of facial expression can affect emotional experience: the link is not dependent on experimental demand, lay theories about connections between expression and experience, or the distraction involved in inhibiting one's expressions.
Development of a coal shrinkage?swelling model accounting for water content in the micropores

Changes in cleat permeability of coal seams are influenced by internal stress, and release or adsorption of gas in the coal matrix during production/injection processes. Coal shrinkage?swelling models have been proposed to quantify such changes; however none of the existing models incorporates the effect of the presence of water in the micropores on the gas sorption of coalbeds. This paper proposes a model of coal shrinkage and swelling, incorporating the effect of water in the micropores. The proposed model was validated using field permeability data from San Juan basin coalbeds and compared with coal shrinkage and swelling models existing in the literature.
Decreased brain dopamine transporters are related to cognitive deficits in HIV patients with or without cocaine abuse

Objective Decreased dopamine transporters (DAT) in the basal ganglia were shown in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated dementia. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between striatal DAT and dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) availability and cognitive performance, and whether cocaine abuse, a common co-morbid condition in HIV patients, would be associated with further decreases in DAT and D2 receptors.
Mathematical model for cadmium kinetics in the isolated perfused rat liver system

Abstract The isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation has previously been used to investigate cadmium kinetics. A mathematical model which has been developed to simulate cadmium kinetics in the IPRL is described. The model takes into consideration binding of cadmium to both intra- and extracellular proteins and the mechanisms of membrane transport. In addition, the competitive interaction of cadmium with endogenous zinc is incorporated into the model. Model simulations of the behavior of cadmium and zinc in the perfusion medium, liver, and bile are compared to results from IPRL experiments involving cadmium doses ranging from 0.29 to 15.6 μmol. A major contribution of this model is the identification, from a kinetic point of view, of two high-molecular-weight classes of intracellular cadmium-binding species which can be identified by two distinct peaks in Sephadex G-75 profiles of hepatic cytosol. This model can be utilized for the quantitation of kinetics based on specific mechanisms involved in cadmium hepatic kinetics.
Does resistance to endotoxin in primates correlate with levels of plasma prekallikrein

Abstract Increased release of BK by HK hydrolysis has been correlated with the severity of hypotension in septic patients and animals challenged with gram-negative bacteria or endotoxin (ETX). Since HK hydrolysis in vivo is attributed mainly to the catalytic reaction of kallikrein (KAL) formed by activation of plasma PK, I tested whether the known resistance to ETX -rhesus and baboon > man and chimp - correlated with PK levels. Immunoblots and amidolytic assays showed that PK levels did not correlate. They were in rhesus and man > baboon and chimp. Also, PK did not correlate with levels of other modulators of free KAL levels in plasma-factor XII, HK and KAL inhibitors. Nonetheless, the distribution of PK and its activation products in plasmas activated with kaolin at 37°C is analogous in the 4 primates, suggesting a similar mechanism for KAL inhibition in vitro. The results suggest that factors not yet known must contribute to the differential resistance of primates to ETX. Knowledge of these factors will help in prophylaxis and therapy of septicemia.
Chemical amplification of optoacoustic signals

Historically, the optoacoustic effect has been produced in gases through the absorption of IR radiation1–3. As the effect depends only on the conversion of modulated radiation to periodic heating of the gas (which in a closed vessel is equivalent to a sound wave), it is not surprising that the optoacoustic effect can be produced by several different interactions where radiation is absorbed by matter. Here we report generation of the optoacoustic effect by photochemical release of energy through a chain reaction mechanism in H2–Cl2 mixtures. A unique feature of the optoacoustic effect produced in this manner is chemical amplification of the acoustic signal caused by a release of energy from the chemical reactions that is greater than the energy absorbed from the light beam. In addition, because the acoustic signal depends on the kinetics of the reaction and the time dependent concentrations of the reactants, the optoacoustic effect acts to monitor directly the progress of the reaction in time.
A cost and expected consequence approach to planning and managing railroad transportation of hazardous materials

Although hazardous materials (hazmat) account for around 140 million tons of all railroad freight traffic in the US, it has not received much attention from academic researchers. This is surprising especially when one considers the volume of hazmat moved by railroads in both North America and Europe. In this paper we develop a bi-objective optimization model, where cost is determined based on the characteristics of railroad industry and the determination of transport risk incorporates the dynamics of railroad accident. The optimization model and the solution framework is used to solve a realistic-size problem instance based in south-east US, which is then analyzed to gain managerial insights. In addition, a risk-cost frontier depicting non-dominated solutions is developed, followed by conclusion.
Calcium and phosphate compatibility: Revisited again

The subject of the compatibility between calcium and phosphates was revisited in an April 1994 FDA safety alert,[1][1],[2][2] 6–16 years after the four seminal research articles appeared in 1978,[3][3] 1980,[4][4] 1982,[5][5] and 1988.[6][6] In the 1980s there were two case reports of nonfatal
Heavy and light/moderate smoking among building trades construction workers.

Objective The purpose of the study was to identify the correlates of heavy smoking (defined as more than one pack of cigarettes per day) in building trades construction workers. Design and Sample This study used cross-sectional data from the MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention study at Massachusetts building trades unions with the sample of 763 smokers. Measures Data collected included information about smoking behavior, individual, psychological, interpersonal, and occupational factors obtained through self-reported questionnaires. Results Approximately 21% of smokers were heavy smokers. Significant factors related to heavy smoking were: older age (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06–1.14), male gender (OR = 4.55; 95% CI: 1.62–12.79), smoking the first cigarette of the day within 30 min of waking (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 2.81–7.59), smoking initiation at earlier age (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87–1.00), higher temptation to smoke (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.17–2.05), household smoking (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.18–3.06) or living alone (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.70–9.92), and exposure to chemicals at work (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.06–2.53). Conclusion Addressing the influence of these factors on heavy smoking could lead to the development of targeted, multiple components in comprehensive cessation strategies for blue-collar smokers.
An efficient turbulence simulation algorithm

Turbulence mitigation techniques require input data representing a wide variety of turbulent atmospheric and weather conditions in order to produce robust results and wider ranges of applicability. In the past, this has implied the need for numerous data collection equipment items to account for multiple frequency bands and various system configurations. However, recent advancements in turbulence simulation techniques have resulted in viable options to real-time data collection with various levels of available simulation accuracy. This treatment will detail the development and implementation of an extension to the second order statistical turbulence simulation model presented by Repasi 1 and others. The Repasi model is extended to include the effects of various wavelengths, optical configurations, and short exposure imaging on angle of arrival fluctuation statistics. The result of the development is an atmospheric turbulence simulation technique that is physics-based but less computationally intensive than phase-based or deflector screen approaches. In these cases, the statistical approach detailed in this paper provides the user with an opportunity to obtain a better trade-off between accuracy and simulation run-time. The mathematical development and reasoning behind the changes to the previous statistical model will be presented, and sample imagery produced by the extended technique will be included. The result is a model that captures the major turbulence effects required for algorithm development for large classes of mitigation techniques.
The Construction of Gender Among Working-Class Cohabiting Couples

Utilizing three typologies that emerged from the data, we examine how 30 working-class cohabiting couples construct gender through paid and domestic labor. Contesting couples contain at least one partner, usually the woman, who attempts to construct more egalitarian arrangements. In Conventional and Counter-Conventional couples, neither partner is actively contesting their gendered arrangements. Among Conventional couples each partner adheres to a traditional division of labor. Normative gender arrangements are upended in Contesting and Counter-Conventional couples when the female partner resists financial dependence on her male partner or if or the male partner does not earn enough income to provide even for himself. Nevertheless, institutionalized gender roles appear deeply entrenched among the working-class cohabitors in this study.
Acute Infection of Mice with Smith Strain of Staphylococcus Aureus

Two serologically distinct variants found in a unique strain of staphylococcus produce coagulase and are phagocytized, but only one is virulent to mice. Only virulent cocci grow rapidly within leukocytes. Leukocyte destruction by the virulent strain and release of many phagocytized cocci precedes mouse death. The leukocidic agent may be delta-hemolysin.
Dietary Supplement Use Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background. More than 50% of US adults, and an even larger proportion of cancer patients, use dietary supplements. Since many supplements require hepatic metabolism, they may be particularly likely to cause toxicities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about supplement use in patients with HCC. Methods. From 2008 to 2012, we gave newly diagnosed HCC patients at our institution a standardized questionnaire about dietary supplement use, demographic factors, and clinical characteristics. We then followed patients for four years or until time to death to examine the relationship with supplement use. Results. Of 146 patients, 71% had used vitamins and 45% herbal supplements. Most commonly used supplements were antioxidants (51%), multivitamins (46%), vitamin D (25%), and milk thistle (23%). People in mid-higher income brackets were more likely to use herbal supplements (19% of those earning $60 000 u...
The utility of digital subtraction arteriography in peripheral vascular disease

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), whether used in conjunction with intravenous or intraarterial injection techniques, has an established role in evaluation of peripheral vascular disease. Use of DSA can reduce the time, cost, and patient discomfort of the standard arteriographic study. While it is limited by field size and patient cooperation in some instances, the utility of noninvasive imaging using intravenous DSA and the added anatomic detail of intraarterial DSA for roadmapping and delineation of small distal vessels provide the basis for future integration of standard arteriographic and DSA methods in assessment of peripheral vascular disease.
Correlation of Aphakic Retinal Detachment and Refractive Error with Gender

I analyzed the aphakic refractive errors of men and women separately in a statistical study of patients with aphakic retinal detachments. I compared the distribution of aphakic refractive errors in a population of 81 adult patients with nontraumatic aphakic retinal detachment with that of a randomly selected control population of 93 adult patients with aphakia. As a group, women who developed aphakic retinal detachments were significantly more myopic than female controls (11.41 vs 12.37 diopters of spherical equivalent; P = .004). In contrast, the refractive error in men did not differ between the aphakic retinal detachment and control groups (11.31 vs 11.68 diopters; P = .156). A significantly higher percentage of patients with bilateral (87%) aphakic retinal detachments were men (P = .017). In men other risk factors for aphakic retinal detachment, including cardiovascular disease, may overshadow the influence of axial myopia.