cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What to do when tobacco advertisers exploit antitobacco social media campaigns to sell tobacco

Public health antitobacco campaigns on social media reach a broad audience and can foster public engagement in active conversations that are not possible with traditional media channels such as television or radio.1 This new level of engagement, however, brings added challenges, chiefly the potential to lose control of a message. For instance, antitobacco campaigns can be attacked by counter-campaigns that can dilute and overwhelm a public health campaign’s message,2 with perhaps the most notable counter-campaign being Not Blowing Smoke which attacked the California Department of Public Health’s (CDPH) campaign Still Blowing Smoke.3 In some cases, however, social media comments on public health campaigns can go beyond just a clash of opposing viewpoints and seek to exploit the targeted advertising exposure purchased by the health department to advertise tobacco. In a recent example, a hookah and vape lounge owner used an antihookah campaign on Facebook …
Design and Simulation of 4-bit QCA BCD Full-adder

As potential candidate for next-generation nanoelectronic circuits, Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has attracted tremendous interests among researchers. QCA circuits represent logic levels based on charge polarity inside QCA cells, which is totally different from traditional CMOS logic. It has advantages of extremely small size, high device density, fast speed and low energy consumption. In this paper, the design and simulation of a four-bit QCA BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) full adder is reported. The four-bit QCA BCD full adder is designed and simulated using QCADesigner software. A traditional microelectronic 4-digit QCA full adder is also designed and simulated using Xilinx software. The simulation waveform is compared with the simulation results in QCA full adder to verify its function.
Computer-assisted navigation in complex cervical spine surgery: tips and tricks

Stereotactic navigation is quickly establishing itself as the gold standard for accurate placement of spinal instrumentation and providing real-time anatomic referencing. There have been substantial improvements in computer-aided navigation over the last decade producing improved accuracy with intraoperative scanning while shortening registration time. The newest iterations of modeling software create robust maps of the anatomy while tracking software localizes instruments in multiple display modes. As a result, stereotactic navigation has become an effective adjunct to spine surgery, particularly improving instrumentation accuracy in the setting of atypical anatomy. This article provides an overview of stereotactic navigation applied to complex cervical spine surgery, details the means for registration and direct referencing, and shares our preferred methods to implement this promising technology.
A national survey of child forensic interviewers: Implications for research, practice, and law.

OBJECTIVE We surveyed a national sample of child forensic interviewers to learn the types of information they wanted to have before interviewing children, their attitudes and beliefs about forensic interviews, the characteristics of their interviews, and their professional experiences. HYPOTHESES We predicted (1) interviewers would want many different types of information before interviewing children, but specifically details about the child, alleged abuse, and disclosure, and that interviewers would find this information helpful and accessible; (2) interviewers would consider their own interviews to be neutral and nonleading and to yield accurate and complete information from children; interviewers' concern about false reports would be related to (3) the amount of preinterview information they wanted and (4) their years of experience and amount of training. METHOD Forensic interviewers (N = 781) from all 50 states and the District of Columbia completed all (n = 754) or part (n = 27) of a questionnaire that consisted of open- and closed-ended questions. RESULTS (1) Interviewers wanted many different types of information before interviewing children, but most often information about the child, alleged abuse, and disclosure. They thought these types of information were the most helpful and very frequently had access to that information before interviewing. (2) Interviewers thought their interviews were fairly neutral, slightly leading, mostly accurate, and fairly complete. Interviewers who were more concerned about false denials (3) wanted more preinterview information than interviewers who were more concerned about false allegations and (4) had fewer years of experience. CONCLUSIONS Our survey results underscore the need for future research examining the effects of preinterview information on forensic interviews and children's reports. They provide a current snapshot of forensic interviewing and a national benchmark to which local child advocacy centers can compare their practices. They highlight the inherent difficulty courts face when determining the admissibility of a child forensic interview based on its primary purpose. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Peritoneal Cancers and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

Cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is an aggressive, potentially curative approach used to treat locoregional disease associated with primary and secondary malignancies of the peritoneum. It involves resection of all macroscopic disease larger than 2.5 mm, followed by instillation of hyperthermic chemotherapy directly into the peritoneum for higher drug exposure to microscopic disease. In select patients with primary peritoneal mesothelioma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, colorectal adenocarcinoma, appendiceal adenocarcinoma, or ovarian cancer, with no extra-abdominal metastasis and limited involvement of the peritoneum, the procedure can be performed to increase overall survival.
Abstract P155: Phenotyping The Association Between Nocturia And Hypertension: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis

Introduction: The association between nocturia and hypertension has been widely reported, yet remains poorly characterized, precluding a more refined understanding of blood pressure as it relates t...
Human, Animal, and Metamorphic Becomings

The provocation of my chapter is to argue that modern discursive (and hence ideological) normativities that divide human from animal occlude alternative imaginings of porosity between orders of being. These porosities persist in modernity and postmodernity, but often in the realm of the speculative or the fantastic. Given recent developments in the biological and cognitive sciences that contribute to the de-substantialization of the dividing line, it is instructive to explore some pre- and early modern figurations of being that likewise trouble species boundaries (much as Darwin did), avant la lettre. In its effort to distinguish the human from the divine, early modern philosophy laboriously forged hierarchies of difference; in my chapter I examine one of them as illustrative of early humanisms’s efforts to establish human exceptionalism, Pico della Mirandola’s On the Dignity of Man (1496). However, a lively alternative philosophical tradition persists alongside, best exemplified by Montaigne’s “Apology for Raymond Sebond” (1580) and imaginative rewritings of the popular Circe myth, which staged debates about the relative desirability of human and animalian states of being and inflected such debates with gender politics as well. Returning to notions of figural historiography I have developed elsewhere, I read passages from a selection of early modern imaginative texts that either articulate a reciprocity between species, or figure their porosity, or fail to champion human exceptionalism in their figurations. I look for alternative, “speculative” models of being that challenge what we have come to understand in the West as normative species divides. In so doing, the chapter also hopes to show the degree to which gender and race are deeply and inextricably entangled in species, and to suggest that past speculative figurations might illumine present culturalist conceptualizations of the species divide.
Reassembling Scholarly Communications: Histories, Infrastructures, and Global Politics of Open Access . Martin Paul Eve and Jonathan Gray, eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. 472p. Paper, $30.00 (ISBN 978-0-2625-3624-0).

As an academic librarian firmly ensconced in the niche of library publishing (with its preference for open access), I (and perhaps you) have read a number of edited volumes centering on the intersection of libraries and scholarly communications that examine OA from practical and theoretical angles. While not specifically centered on libraries, this volume comes as a welcome update to earlier treatments: broader in scope, far more inclusive in the diversity of its contributors, and more fully in conversation with the wider political and social environment of the moment. Any actor in scholarly publishing will find a wealth of material to consider here, but perhaps especially academic librarians working in publishing, open access, or scholarly communications, who increasingly find their disciplines aligned with the aims of Eve and Gray’s monograph.
Falls and Associated Factors among Adolescents and Young Adults with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita.

Background Falls research among individuals with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a group of congenital conditions characterized by joint contractures in two or more body regions, is sparse. The primary objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of single, multiple, and injurious falls among adolescents and adults with AMC and identify factors associated with multiple and injurious falls. Methods Individuals, aged 10-50 years, with a diagnosis of AMC completed questionnaires obtaining demographic and AMC-specific information, falls history (e.g., number, injurious/non-injurious), markers of bone health, orthopedic surgical history, and mobility aid use, as well as the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire and the Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale. Falls were defined as "any body part above the ankle coming to rest on the ground, floor, or a lower level". Falling was defined as ≥ 1 fall, while multiple falls were defined as ≥ 2 falls in the past year.Differences in falling, multiple falls, and injurious falls rates between adolescents (10-17 years) and adults (aged 18-50 years) were evaluated. Using univariate binary logistic regression models, associations between participant characteristics and multiple falls, as well as injurious falls, were evaluated, while considering age as a covariate (p ≤ 0.050); odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Adolescents (N = 28; median age = 14 years) and adults (N = 40; median age = 32 years) with AMC had similar falling, i.e., 89.3% versus 70.0%, and injurious fall rates, i.e., 32.1% versus 27.5%, respectively (p > 0.050).Adolescents with AMC, however, were more likely to report multiple falls in the past year, i.e., 89.3%, when compared to adults with AMC, i.e., 57.5% (p = 0.005). Beyond age, multiple falls were associated with a greater number of lower-limb surgeries [p = 0.036, OR (95%CI): 1.18 (1.01-1.39)], ability to transfer floor-to-stand with support [p = 0.002, OR (95%CI): 8.98 (2.30-35.06)], and increased mobility per the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire [p = 0.004, OR (95%CI): 1.48 (1.13-1.92)]. Factors associated with a reduced odds of multiple falls were spinal involvement [p = 0.025, OR (95%CI): 0.23 (0.07-0.84)], history of spinal surgery [p = 0.018, OR (95%CI: 0.18 (0.04-0.74)], greater upper extremity involvement [OR (95%CI): 0.65 (0.44-0.95)], home assistive device use [p = 0.010, OR (95%CI): 0.15 (0.03-0.63)], and community wheelchair use [p = 0.006, OR (95%CI): 0.16 (0.04-0.59)]. None of the explored characteristics were associated with injurious falls in the past year (p > 0.050). Conclusion Falls are exceedingly common among adolescents and adults with AMC; potential risk and protective factors for multiple falls are identified for future prospective falls research.
THE EFFECTS OF RIVER SEDIMENT, ENDOSULFAN, AND MODERATE HYPOXIA ON BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) FROM THE TIDAL, FRESHWATER JAMES RIVER

THE EFFECTS OF RIVER SEDIMENT, ENDOSULFAN, AND MODERATE HYPOXIA ON BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) FROM THE TIDAL, FRESHWATER JAMES RIVER By Laura Elizabeth Williams, B.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2012 Major Advisor: Peter L. deFur Affiliate Associate Professor, Center for Environmental Studies Juvenile male blue crabs move into the tidal, freshwater James River during warmer months to feed and grow by undergoing molting. In crustaceans, growth and molting are hormonally controlled. The physiological effects of a multiple-stressor environment are determined by comparing the blue crab’s oxygen uptake after exposure to pure sand, James River sediment, or endosulfan-spiked sand. The effect of multiple stressors on molting is measured by the activity level of N-acetyl-s-glucosaminidase (NAG), an enzyme in epidermal tissue important to molting. The oxygen uptake was decreased by exposure to James River sediment but not for exposure to endosulfan for seven days. Exposure to James River sediments over two days caused a similar suppression of epidermal NAG activity as exposure to endosulfan. These results indicate that the blue crab’s exposure to James River sediments and moderate hypoxia has the potential to cause short-term effects on physiology and long-term effects on growth.
Who Wants to Work with the Poor and Homeless

This study examines factors associated with MSW students’ (N = 5,793) desires to work with the poor and homeless over the course of their education. Independent variable classes include (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) ideological beliefs as they relate to politics; (3) past social work-related experiences; (4) motivations for pursuing a graduate degree in social work; and, (5) field work experience and school attended. Findings show that sociodemographic variables are the least stable predictors of students’ interest in working with the poor and homeless, whereas ideological beliefs and personal motivations appear as the most noteworthy influences upon students’ desires to work with this population.
Human-centered robotics and haptic interactions

Summary A new field of robotics is emerging. Robots are today moving towards applications beyond the structured environment of a manufacturing plant. They are making their way into the everyday world that people inhabit - hospitals, offices, homes, construction, and other cluttered ana uncontrolled environments. While advancing into these new areas, current field and service robots are limited in their abilities to manipulate and interact with humans. The successful introduction of robotics into human environments will rely on the development of competent and practical systems that are dependable, safe, and easy to use. The value of their contribution to the work environment will have to be unquestionable and their task performance must be reliable.
Herbig-haro objects : an overview

On presente brievement la decouverte des objets Herbig Haro et leur premiere interpretation. On discute des hypotheses envisagees et des observations qui ont amene a attribuer leur origine a une onde de choc. On passe en revue plusieurs scenarios theoriques. On discute d'observations selectionnees de ces objets dans les domaines IR, radio, optique et UV. On s'interesse plus specialement aux travaux recents dans l'optique et l'UV qui suggerent que le continuum bleu-UV provient d'un processus a deux photons et on rapporte de nouvelles observations UV revelant une fluorescence H 2 dans les nebuleuses faiblement excitees
Semantic Integration in Heterogeneous Databases Using Neural Networks

One important step in integrating heterogeneous databases is matching equivalent attributes: Determining which fields in two databases refer to the same data. The meaning of information may be embodied within a database model, a conceptual schema, application programs, or data contents. Integration involves extracting semantics, expressing them as metadata, and matching semantically equivalent data elements. We present a procedure using a classifier to categorize attributes according to their field specifications and data values, then train a neural network to recognize similar attributes. In our technique, the knowledge of how to match equivalent data elements is "discovered" from metadata, not "pre-programmed".
A noncanonical nuclear role for fibroblast growth factor signaling in skeletal development (921.6)

Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling plays crucial roles in osteochondral progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation as seen by the multiple skeletal dysplasias resulting from abnormal FGF signaling. We identified that the skeletal dysplasia Bent Bone Dysplasia Syndrome (BBDS) results from unique FGF Receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations that reduce canonical membrane signaling, while also enhancing a noncanonical nuclear role for the receptor in ribosome biogenesis. To determine how canonical and noncanonical FGFR2 signaling individually contribute to skeletal development and the pathogenesis of BBDS, we blocked membrane FGFR2 signaling with a chemical inhibitor and enhanced nuclear FGFR2 signaling by employing the BBDS mutations. In a bone organ culture assay, avian mandibles grown with inhibitors of membrane FGF signaling displayed reduced bone formation and exhibited uncharacteristic hypertrophy of Meckel’s cartilage. Expression of the BBDS FGFR2 mutations in developing chicken embryos caused increa...
Progress in Bi 2 Te 3 -based superlattice thermoelectric materials

Thin film superlattice (SL) based thermoelectric (TE) devices offer the potential for improved efficiency and high heat flux cooling over conventional bulk materials. We have demonstrated external cooling of 55K and heat pumping capacity of 128 W/cm 2 in single couples and temperature differences as high as 102K in three stage cascade structures. The high heat flux pumping capacity of these in thin film devices are also attractive for hot-spot cooling in electronics. These same materials have also been successfully employed in power generation and energy harvesting applications. In this presentation, we will discuss recent RTI advances in Bi 2 Te 3 -based thin-film SL (TFSL) devices for cooling and energy harvesting applications.
Brain death in the newborn.

To the Editor.— Drs Ashwal and Schneider in their article, "Brain Death in the Newborn," 1 do a commendable job of presenting some of the data the Task Force on Brain Death in Children felt were lacking. 2 Other centers should be encouraged to perform a similar review in order to corroborate these findings. We agree that a declaration of brain death in the newborn is a relatively rare phenomenon. We also understand the pressing need for brain death to be determined accurately, ethically, and in a timely fashion.
Enumeration of Tn5 mutant bacteria in soil by using a most-probable-number-DNA hybridization procedure and antibiotic resistance

Investigations were made into the utility of DNA hybridization in conjunction with a microdilution most-probable-number procedure for the enumeration of Rhizobium spp. and Pseudomonas putida in soil. Isolates of Rhizobium spp. and P. putida carrying the transposon Tn5 were added to sterile and nonsterile Burbank sandy loam soil and enumerated over time. Soil populations of rhizobia were enumerated by colony hybridization, most-probable-number-DNA hybridization procedure, plate counts, plant infectivity most probable number, and fluorescent antibody counts. Population values compared well for all methods at 5 and 30 days after the addition of cells, although the fluorescent antibody method tended to overestimate the viable population. In nonsterile soil, most-probable-number-DNA hybridization procedure enumerated as few as 10 P. putida Tn5 cells g of soil-1 and 100 R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli Tn5 cells g of soil-1 and should have utility for following the fate of genetically engineered microorganisms released to the environment. Among the Kmr isolates containing Tn5, approximately 5% gave a dark, more intense autoradiograph when probed with 32P-labeled pGS9 DNA, which facilitated their detection in soil. Hybridization with a pCU101 probe (pGS9 without Tn5) indicated that donor plasmid sequences were being maintained in the bacterial chromosome. Transposon-associated antibiotic resistance was also utilized as a phenotypic marker. Tn5 vector-integrate mutants were successfully enumerated at low populations (10 to 100 cells g of soil-1) in soil by both phenotypic (Kmr) and genotypic (DNA probe) analysis. However, determination of the stability of Tn5 or Tn5 and vector sequences in the bacteria is necessary.
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging in Coatings Analysis

This monograph provides fundamental concepts utilized in infrared (IR) and Raman analysis of coatings as well as applications of attenuated total reflectance (ATR), reflection–absorption (RA), photo-acoustic (PA), and IR/Raman imaging techniques. This choice of techniques is dictated by the fact that these techniques alone or their combination allow one to obtain a three-dimensional molecular level representation of polymeric coatings, quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis, surface/interfacial depth profiling, and determination of structure–property relationships in coatings. As a result, the effect of molecular level interactions/processes on macroscopic properties can be elucidated.
m-Functions and inverse spectral analysis for finite and semi-infinite Jacobi matrices

We study inverse spectral analysis for finite and semi-infinite Jacobi matricesH. Our results include a new proof of the central result of the inverse theory (that the spectral measure determinesH). We prove an extension of the theorem of Hochstadt (who proved the result in casen = N) thatn eigenvalues of anN × N Jacobi matrixH can replace the firstn matrix elements in determiningH uniquely. We completely solve the inverse problem for (δ n , (H-z)-1 δ n ) in the caseN < ∞.
Real Time Optimal Task Allocation in Highly Dynamic Environments

Of the methods developed for Optimal Task Allocation, Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) techniques are some of the most predominant. A new method, presented in this paper, is able to produce identical optimal solutions to the MILP techniques but in computation times orders of magnitude faster than MILP. This new method, referred to as G* TA , uses a minimum spanning forest algorithm to generate optimistic predictive costs in an A* framework, and a greedy approximation method to create upper bound estimates. A second new method which combines the G* TA and MILP methods, referred to as G* MILP, is also presented for its scaling potential. This combined method uses G* TA to solve a series of sub-problems and the final optimal task allocation is handled through MILP. All of these methods are compared and validated though a large series of real time tests using the Cornell RoboFlag testbed, a multi-robot, highly dynamic test environment.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Antagonism of antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig and human airways.

EXPOSURE of isolated sensitised guinea pig or human airway tissue to specific antigen produces a rapid and prolonged contraction which has been studied as a model of asthmatic bronchospasm. This response is thought to be mediated by endogenous chemicals released from airway mast cells, since antigen treatment of sensitised guinea pig or human pulmonary tissue results in the elaboration of several substances, including histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), which can contract airway smooth muscle. The few attempts at investigation of which mediators are responsible for the airways response have led to contradictory conclusions. Schild et al.1 reported that antihistamines significantly (but not completely) antagonised antigen-induced contraction of bronchi from an asthmatic patient. Sheard and Blair2, however, demonstrated that antihistamines had no effect on the contraction of human bronchial strips studied in the presence of antigen-challenged, passively-sensitised human lung. They suggested, without direct evidence, that the contractile response of the bronchial strip was the result of SRS-A release. At present, therefore, the roles of histamine and SRS-A in the airway response to antigen have not been defined. We have investigated the effects of diphenihydramine, a histamine H1 antagonist, and FPL 55712 (ref. 3), an SRS-A antagonist, on the response of sensitised guinea pig and human airways to antigen and report that pretreatment with either alone modifies the airway response in a characteristic fashion, and that together, they effectively inhibit antigen-induced airway constriction.
Roasted Corn for Growing Dairy Heifers and for Lambs

Abstract Effects of feeding roasted corn as compared to raw corn were studied in acceptability and feeding trials with Holstein heifers and in feeding and digestibility trials with fattening lambs. Similar amounts of corn dry matter were consumed when heifers received either corn source ad libitum. When both were restricted to 37% of the total ration during a 90-day feeding trial heifers required significantly less of the roasted corn ration per kilogram gain. Body weight gains were similar with the exception that heifers receiving roasted corn gained faster during the first 30 days. Feeder lambs receiving an all-pelleted ration ad libitum with roasted corn representing 27% of the ration during a 60-day trial gained faster (11%) than lambs fed a similar ration containing raw corn, but this response also was limited to the early part of the trial. Dry matter digestibilities were similar for the two lamb rations.
Diabetes Insipidus as Presenting Manifestation of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by inability of the kidney to concentrate urine due to diminished renal response to vasopressin. We report a patient with diabetes insipidus and hyperviscosity as presenting manifestations of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. After two treatments with plasmapheresis, serum viscosity normalized and the ability to concentrate urine, polyuria, and polydipsia improved. With ongoing chemoimmunotherapy, he has not had a recurrence of DI. Although rare, nephrogenic DI is a complication of hematologic disorders such as Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma and sickle cell anemia. doi:10.4021/jh31w
Open pneumothorax resulting from blunt thoracic trauma: a case report.

Cases of open pneumothorax have been documented as early as 326 BC. Until the last 50 years, understanding of the epidemiology and treatment of penetrating chest trauma has arisen from military surgery. A better understanding of cardiopulmonary dynamics, advances in ventilatory support, and improvement in surgical technique have drastically improved treatment and increased the survival rate of patients with penetrating thoracic trauma. Open pneumothorax is rare in blunt chest trauma, but can occur when injury results in a substantial loss of the chest wall. This case study presents an adolescent who sustained a large open pneumothorax as a result of being run over by a car. Early and appropriate surgical intervention coupled with coordinated efforts by all members of the trauma team resulted in a positive outcome for this patient. Language: en
On the parameterization H/sub infinity / controllers

The author clarifies some of the results of J.C. Doyle et al. (ibid., vol.34, no.8, p.831-47, Aug. 1989) and gives some new interpretations. In particular, the author parameterizes all suboptimal H/sub infinity / controllers for the full information (FI) and state feedback control problems and indicates when this FI H/sub infinity / control problem can or cannot be given a differential game saddle point interpretation. >
The Effects of An Enrichment Program on the Families of Participants: A Multiple-Case Study:

The effects of an enrichment program on the families of participating students were explored in this discovery-oriented, retrospective, multiple-case study. The enrichment program investigated was ...
Hemispheric asymmetry: the effect of orientation on same different comparison

Abstract In a same-different comparison task, orientation affected “same” reaction times for left but not right visual-field presentations. This provided evidence that the “orientation effect” was due to spatial coding of memory representations in the right hemisphere, and that left hemisphere processing involves attention to orientationally invariant features.
Calculus of twisted vertex operators.

Starting from an arbitrary isometry of an arbitrary even lattice, twisted and shifted vertex operators are introduced. Under commutators, these operators provide realizations of twisted affine Lie algebras. This construction, generalizing a number of known ones, is based on a self-contained “calculus.”
THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT ON CAPACITY EXPANSION FOR UNCERTAIN EXPONENTIAL DEMAND WITH LEAD TIMES

We formulate a model of capacity expansion that is relevant to a service provider for whom the cost of capacity shortages would be considerable but difficult to quantify exactly. Due to demand uncertainty and a lead time for adding capacity, not all shortages are avoidable. In addition, technological innovations will reduce the cost of adding capacity but may not be completely predictable. Analytical expressions for the infinite horizon expansion cost and shortages are optimized numerically. Sensitivity analyses allow us to determine the impact of technological change on the optimal timing and sizes of capacity expansions to account for economies of scale, the time value of money and penalties for insufficient capacity.
Sulfur fertilization of two aquic hapludalf soils: I. Effect on alfalfa yield and quality

Abstract Alfalfa is rapidly increasing as a cash forage crop on the more arable soils in south central Missouri. These soils are natively acid and low in fertility having formed from loamy, sandy and cherty alluvium found in the bottom land areas, under forest vegetation with native grasses in the open areas. The two experimental sites selected were recently established alfalfa stands, Site I was under irrigation and Site II nonirrigated. Two S materials (SO4‐S and elemental S) at rates of 0, 34 and 68 kg S ha‐1 in 4 replications were applied. Yields, plant S, crude protein and IVDMD were measured for individual harvests in 1980 and 1981. Alfalfa yields were not increased at both locations with S fertilization. Forage S content was significantly increased and the N/S ratio significantly decreased on the higher yielding irrigated alfalfa, but not with the nonirrigated alfalfa. Forage S levels of 0.19% S and N/S ratio of 17.9 during dry year did not result in yield increase when S fertilized. There was obse...
Stress and reproduction in Boiga irregularis with notes on the ultrastructure of the sexual segment of the kidney in squamates.

The reproductive tract of wild-caught male Boiga irregularis (Merrem, 1802) (Brown Treesnake) and the changes that result in these tissues from captivity are described. Wild-caught snakes were compared with snakes kept in captivity and sacrificed at approximately 10, 30, 50, and 60+ days. Snakes sacrificed after 10 days in captivity showed no differences in histological appearance or epithelial height in either the testis or sexual segment of the kidney (SSK) compared with wild snakes. Normal spermatogenic stages and SSK ultrastructure were observed in the testes and kidney from wild specimens and captive specimens after 10 days. In terms of the SSK, large electron-dense secretory vacuoles occupied the apices of the epithelial cells, while a basal nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies filled the bases of these cells. All SSK cells were actively secretory in a mode that could most accurately be termed apocrine. At time of secretion, released vacuoles become diffuse and the apical membrane ...
Monitoring of global ionospheric irregularities using the Worldwide GPS Network

A prototype system has been developed to monitor the instantaneous global distribution of ionospheric irregularities, using the worldwide network of Globa Positioning System (GPS) receivers. Case studies in this pape indicate that GPS receiver loss of lock of signal tracking may be associated with strong phase fluctuations. It is shown that a network-based GPS monitoring system will enable us to study the generation and evolution of ionospheric irregularities continuously around the globe under various solar and geophysical conditions, which is particularly suitable for studies of ionospheric storms, and for space weather research and applications.
Infrared Quantum Dots for Liquid-Phase Thermometry in Silicon Microchannels

The exponential growth in the component density of integrated circuits has created huge thermal management challenges for next-generation microelectronics, with projected local heat fluxes approaching 1 kW/cm2 within five years. There is thus an urgent need to develop compact, high heat flux cooling methodologies. Developing and evaluating effective microelectronic single-phase liquid cooling systems, however, also requires measuring liquid-phase and wall surface temperatures to determine the local convective heat transfer coefficient in complex piping systems with dimensions comparable to the diameter of a human hair. Yet there are few if any practical thermometry techniques that can measure temperatures in such small geometries without disturbing the coolant flow and hence affecting cooling performance. Most optically based non-intrusive liquid-thermometry techniques exploit the temperature-sensitive spectral characteristics such as emission intensity and lifetime of the photoluminescence from various tracers at visible wavelengths. Applying such techniques to measure temperatures in silicon (Si) devices, however, has been hampered by a lack of suitable temperature indicators because Si is opaque at visible wavelengths. Silicon is, however, partially transparent in the near-infrared (IR), with absorption coefficients as high as 15 cm−1 at wavelengths of 1.2–1.6 μm. We have therefore investigated the temperature sensitivity of the photoluminescent emission from oleate-capped lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QD) suspended in toluene that emit at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. These QD are found to have an emission intensity that decreases by as much as 0.5% per K for temperatures ranging from 293 K to 333 K. Results are presented for temperature measurements through Si surfaces using PbS QD. The accuracy and reproducibility of these temperature measurements are discussed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Performance, A Personal History

After a century of hybridization in the arts, the concept of "performance" has come to the forefront of contemporary thought on art and culture. The word "performance," whether it describes a live event or personal acting out; or the features of a car, a perfume, a sound system; and whether it refers to economy or therapy or the act of mourning, performance now shapes contemporary thinking about people and things. Some of the chief preocccupations of our time-namely, spectatorship, memory, the body-are framed within the terms of performance. Offering a vocabulary of human action that can be used to shape a view of the world and its histories, performance is the condition to which American culture increasingly aspires. Who doesn't want to be an American "idol"? Reality shows have brought to the culture the national theatre America always lacked.
Intravenous-to-oral transition therapy in community-acquired pneumonia : The INOVA Health System experience

Economic pressures on the delivery of health care have necessitated a focus on reducing costs and resource utilization while maintaining or improving the quality of care. A growing consensus holds that switching from intravenous to oral therapy is a cost-effective and clinically sound approach for a significantly large group of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Drug utilization studies within the INOVA Health System revealed that levofloxacin is a cost-effective alternative to ciprofloxacin in infectious disease and that use of risk prediction criteria can reduce inappropriate hospitalizations for CAP, thereby reducing costs. In addition, the INOVA experience demonstrates that the strategy used to implement new antibiotic regimens such as switch-therapy regimens is an important factor in cost reduction: a therapeutic interchange mandate is more successful than standard educational techniques in changing treatment patterns.
Screw Configuration Effects on Macroscopic Characteristics of Extradates Produced by Twin‐screw Extrusion of Rice Flour

The effects of 29 screw configurations on rice flour extrudates were investigated. The moisture content, screw speed and feed flow rate during all extrusion experiments were 15%, 400 rpm, and 12 kg/h, respectively. Temperature profile in the 8 barrel sections from feed to die end were set at 0, 30, 30, 30, 70, 100, 150, and 150 degrees C. Incorporation of kneading block (KB) and reverse screw element (RSE) in screw profiles significantly influenced apparent density, product expansion (radial, axial and overall), and breaking strength. Apparent density and overall expansion were functions of die temperature. KB was the best element for maximizing radial expansion. Product hardness (breaking strength) decreased with increasing radial expansion.
Rearing the Imported Cabbageworm Parasite Apanteles rubecula in the Laboratory

Apanteles rubecula Marshall, a larval parasite of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), was recently introduced into the United States (Puttier et al. 1970). To produce adequate numbers for field and laboratory use, an efficient rearing method had to be developed. The major problem in rearing many species of parasitic Hymenoptera is the availability of hosts. This obstacle was overcome recently with the successful rearing of P. rapae on artificial diet (Spencer and Peters of this laboratory, unpublished mss.). With the host and diet readily available, a method of rearing A. rubecula was developed and is described here.
Structural, elastic, thermal, and electronic responses of small-molecule-loaded metal–organic framework materials

We combine infrared spectroscopy, nano-indentation measurements, and ab initio simulations to study the evolution of structural, elastic, thermal, and electronic responses of the metal–organic framework MOF-74-Zn when loaded with H2, CO2, CH4, and H2O. We find that molecular adsorption in this MOF triggers remarkable responses in all these properties of the host material, with specific signatures for each of the guest molecules. With this comprehensive study, we are able to clarify and correlate the underlying mechanisms regulating these responses with changes of physical and chemical environments. Our findings suggest that metal–organic framework materials in general, and MOF-74-Zn in particular, can be very promising materials for novel transducers and sensor applications, including highly selective small-molecule detection in gas mixtures.
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit inflammation and preserve vascular endothelial integrity in the lungs after hemorrhagic shock.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and trauma is currently the leading cause of death in young adults worldwide. Morbidity and mortality after HS and trauma is often the result of multi-organ failure such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), conditions with few therapeutic options. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a multipotent stem cell population that has shown therapeutic promise in numerous pre-clinical and clinical models of disease. In this paper, in vitro studies with pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs) reveal that conditioned media (CM) from MSCs and MSC-PEC co-cultures inhibits PEC permeability by preserving adherens junctions (VE-cadherin and β-catenin). Leukocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule expression (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) are inhibited in PECs treated with CM from MSC-PEC co-cultures. Further support for the modulatory effects of MSCs on pulmonary endothelial function and inflammation is demonstrated in our in vivo studies on HS in the rat. In a rat “fixed volume” model of mild HS, we show that MSCs administered IV potently inhibit systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the serum of treated animals. In vivo MSCs also inhibit pulmonary endothelial permeability and lung edema with concurrent preservation of the vascular endothelial barrier proteins: VE-cadherin, Claudin-1, and Occludin-1. Leukocyte infiltrates (CD68 and MPO positive cells) are also decreased in lungs with MSC treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that MSCs, acting directly and through soluble factors, are potent stabilizers of the vascular endothelium and inflammation. These data are the first to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MSCs in HS and have implications for the potential use of MSCs as a cellular therapy in HS-induced lung injury.
BioGlue: albumin/glutaraldehyde sealant in cardiac surgery.

Abstract BioGlue is a commercially available sealant manufactured by Cryolife (Atlanta, GA) as a hemostatic adjunct for cardiac and vascular surgery. This type of sealant has evolved conceptually from the gelatin resorcinol formalin glue (GRF or “French Glue”) in the sense that it is devised not only to act a sealant but also as an agent to strengthen friable tissues, particularly in acute aortic dissection. In fact, the initial availability of BioGlue in the United States was under an FDA humanitarian device exemption for use in acute aortic dissection. This novel regulatory strategy expedited clinical use of BioGlue in acute aortic dissection and was permissible because of the small number of patients (less than 4000 per annum) in the potential treatment population. In this article, we will discuss the mechanism of action and composition of this agent, preclinical experience, the results of a prospective randomized trial as well as the results of our initial experience with BioGlue at MGH. (J Card Surg 2003;18:500-503)
α-Ketoglutarate modulation of glutamine metabolism by rat renal mitochondria

Summary α-Ketoglutarate, (0.2–3.0 mM), had no effect on phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity in rat kidney mitochondria partially disrupted with 0.03% Triton X-100 at near physiological conditions. When the effect on glutamine metabolism of α-ketoglutarate was examined in rotenone-inhibited mitochondria, an increase in glutamate formation was observed. In the presence of glutamine the addition of 0.5 mM α-ketoglutarate decreased the deamidation of [U- 14 c]-glutamine, a finding which was accompanied by significant amination of [U- 14 c]-α-ketoglutarate. α-Ketoglutarate amination was markedly increased in the presence of succinate. The data indicate that the inhibitory effect of a-ketoglutarate on glutamine metabolism in experimental conditions for glutamine transport study (Goldstein 1976) may be due to glutamate formed in the matrix by enhanced reductive amination of a-ketoglutarate.
Trade Shredding: SRO-Sponsored Payment for Order Flow

Trade Shredding — the practice of breaking orders into smaller, multiple trades solely for the purpose of generating market data revenue — has been an ongoing object of concern, comment and controversy. In this research, we address three questions regarding the practice of trade or tape shredding. First, what market dynamics — economic and regulatory — combined to provide a climate that was amenable to and even encouraged trade shredding? Second, while there is virtually no argument that trade shredding has occurred can it be isolated; is it observable in the market data? Finally, the battle for market data revenue is considered to have been a major driver of the market data portion of Regulation NMS. But will Reg NMS9 new, more complex formula succeed in eliminating this distortive practice?
Beyond "Geofencing": Specifying Location in Location-Based Reminder Applications

Location-based reminders (LBRs) use people's physical location to trigger reminders. Today's advanced mobile technology has made LBRs commonplace.In this paper we report of a short study to evaluate the specification of location in a commercially available LBR. The study was followed by a survey to collect typical to-do tasks that include location information.Our findings suggest that location-based reminders are more complicated than what current LBR software supports. Based on our results, we propose a classification of different uses of location in to-do tasks. The different uses of locations, as per our classification, has implications for the design of future LBRs.
Anytime policy planning in large dynamic environments with interactive uncertainty

This paper addresses the problem of planning a policy in large environments where the actions of a robot affect the distribution of uncertainty in the environment. We focus on the problem of robot navigation through interactive crowds and present an anytime receding horizon technique that uses AO* together with small look-up table solutions. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in simulations with thousands of uncertain dynamic obstacles.We also investigate the importance of modeling uncertainty and interaction in this problem. We identify situations in which a naive approach works well and characterize conditions under which our approach is needed.
Cell Electrophoresis in Percoll Density Gradients

Abstract The existence of surface charges on living cells was recognized very early by Jurgensen in 1860 when he reported a migration of erythrocytes toward the anode(1). Since then, numerous attempts at qualitatively or quantitatively describing these charges have been made, which are now generally accepted as arising from the carboxyls of sialic acid residues(2). But because of serious theoretical and practical limitations of previous designs, these surface charges are not often measured.
Congenital heart disease associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of congenital cardiac abnormalities associated with use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all pregnant women presenting at Mayo Clinic's site in Rochester, MN, from January 1, 1993, to July 15, 2005, and identified 25,214 deliveries. A total of 808 mothers were treated with SSRIs at some point during their pregnancy. We reviewed the medical records of the newborns exposed to SSRIs during pregnancy to analyze their outcomes, specifically for congenital heart disease and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. RESULTS Of the study patients, 808 (3.2%) took an SSRI at some point during the antenatal period. Of the 25,214 deliveries, 208 newborns (0.8%) were diagnosed as having congenital heart disease. Of the 808 women exposed to SSRI during pregnancy, 3 (0.4%) had congenital heart disease compared with 205 (0.8%) of the 24,406 women not exposed to an SSRI ( P =.23). Of the total number of deliveries, 16 newborns were diagnosed as having persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, none of whom had exposure to SSRIs ( P >.99). CONCLUSION Our data are reassuring regarding the safety of using SSRIs during pregnancy.