cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns: what's in it for HCI?

Design patterns and pattern languages have proven a useful tool to model design experience, in architecture where they were originally conceived as well as in software engineering. In Human-Computer Interaction, the interest in pattern languages has only recently gained momentum. This panel will explore how pattern languages can be of use to HCI researchers, practitioners, and possibly anyone involved in the design and use of interactive systems.
Narrative Message Targets Within the Decision-Making Process to Undergo Screening Colonoscopy Among Latinos: a Qualitative Study

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preventable yet leading cause of cancer mortality among Latinos in the USA. Cultural targeting and narrative messaging are two strategies to increase the low screening colonoscopy rates among Latinos. This study identifies key messages for educational interventions aiming to increase screening colonoscopy used among Latinos and proposes a model to understand the relationship between factors involved in colonoscopy decision-making. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 Latino participants primarily of Puerto Rican descent on the topics of CRC knowledge, barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy use, and the use of narrative in colorectal health messaging. Knowledge about colorectal anatomy and the anesthesia component of colonoscopy procedure is low. Fear of procedure-related pain and fear of treatment-related burden following a cancer diagnosis are significant barriers to colonoscopy. Fear of disease-related suffering and death following a cancer diagnosis and fear of regret are strong facilitators and can be augmented by cancer narratives. Storytelling is commonly used in Latino culture and is an acceptable method to educate the Latino community about CRC screening via colonoscopy. Machismo is a unique barrier to colonoscopy for Latino men via homophobia and reluctance to seek healthcare. A preliminary model to understand factors in colonoscopy decision-making among Latinos is presented. Counseling practices and educational interventions that use culturally targeted narrative health messaging to mediate fears and increase colonoscopy knowledge may increase screening colonoscopy use among Latinos.
Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values

The spatial, temporal, and social dimensions of wildfire risk are challenging U.S. federal land management agencies to meet societal needs while maintaining the health of the lands they manage. In this paper we present a quantitative, geospatial wildfire risk assessment tool, developed in response to demands for improved risk-based decision frameworks. The methodology leverages off recent and significant advancements in wildfire simulation models and geospatial data acquisition and management. The tool is intended to facilitate monitoring trends in wildfire risk over time and to develop information useful in prioritizing fuels treatments and mitigation measures. Wildfire risk assessment requires analyzing the likelihood of wildfire by intensity level, and the magnitude of potential beneficial and negative effects to valued resources from fire at different intensity levels. This effort is designed to support strategic planning by systematically portraying how fire likelihood and intensity influence risk to social, economic, and ecological values at the national scale. We present results for the continental United States, analyze high risk areas by geographic region, and examine how risk evaluations changes under different assumptions with sensitivity analysis. We conclude by discussing further potential uses of the tool and research needs.
Intrinsic frequency spectra of short gravity-capillary waves obtained from temporal measurements of wave height on a lake

Intrinsic frequency spectra of water waves in the range of 6-17 Hz were obtained as a function of both wind speed and wind stress from point measurements of wave height. In a lake with a limited fetch, there are two types of surface motions causing Doppler shift in the frequencies of short waves: orbital velocity of long waves and surface wind drift. The former was estimated from long-wave amplitude by using a linear wave theory. The error in this estimate is of the order of the long-wave slope, and for this work it is typically 10 percent. The latter was approximated by the friction velocity. The friction velocity could be either taken as 3 percent of the mean wind speed measured at a height of 10 m or obtained from direct measurements of the wind stress. The surface drift velocities obtained by these two approaches were found to be in close agreement. Doppler frequency shift can be corrected in either the frequency or the equivalent spatial domain. The two techniques were found to produce comparable results. Experimental results showed that the spectral energy of short waves rapidly increased in response to increasing winds and jumped up by an order of magnitude when wave breaking occurred.
Structures of SHV-1 β-Lactamase with Penem and Penam Sulfone Inhibitors That Form Cyclic Intermediates Stabilized by Carbonyl Conjugation

Bacterial β-lactamase enzymes are in large part responsible for the decreased ability of β-lactam antibiotics to combat infections. The inability to overcome β-lactamase mediated resistance spurred the development of inhibitors with penems and penam sulfones being amongst the most potent and broad spectrum mechanism-based inactivators. These inhibitors form covalent, “suicide-type” inhibitory intermediates that are attached to the catalytic S70 residue. To further probe the details of the mechanism of β-lactamase inhibition by these novel compounds, we determined the crystal structures of SHV-1 bound with penem 1, and penam sulfones SA1-204 and SA3-53. Comparison with each other and with previously determined crystal structures of members of these classes of inhibitors suggests that the final conformation of the covalent adduct can vary greatly amongst the complex structures. In contrast, a common theme of carbonyl conjugation as a mechanism to avoid deacylation emerges despite that the penem and penam sulfone inhibitors form different types of intermediates. The detailed insights gained from this study could be used to further improve new mechanism-based inhibitors of these common class A serine β-lactamases.
Effects of single and combined chemotherapeutic agents on hemopoietic stem cells in mice

Bone marrow cell responses to injections of nitrogen mustard, oncovin, procarbazine, hydrocortisone, and a regimen of all four drugs (MOPH) were evaluated in CRF1 and C57B 1/6 mice by determining bone marrow cellularity and content of transplantable colony forming units (CFU) after treatment. The study was done to determine whether the combined regimen, which is widely used clinically in treatment of disseminated Hodgkin's disease, is more or less detrimental to the hemopoietic system than the same drugs used as single agents. Nitrogen mustard and procarbazine used clinically as single drugs are given in three and two times, respectively, greater doses than in the combined regimen. Hydrocortisone, given singly, was least toxic of the drugs, reducing the CFU/femur to 63% and 71% of control values. MOPH appeared slightly more toxic than hydrocortisone, resulting in 41% and 52% of the CFU/femur surviving, and was about equally as toxic as oncovin alone. Nitrogen mustard and procarbazine, administered as single drugs in high doses, were highly suppressive, resulting in only 10–19% survival of CFU/femur, whereas, reduced doses of the two drugs as used in the MOPH regimen spared 30–45% of the CFU/femur. Survival of CFU after MOPH treatment was three to four times greater than after high doses of nitrogen mustard or procarbazine alone. The component drugs of the combined regimen did not act on separate populations of stem cells to produce an additive effect but appeared to inactivate the same population of cells.
A two-dimensional mathematical analysis of the diffused semiconductor resistor

A two-dimensional mathematical analysis is presented of the electrical properties of the diffused semiconductor resistor. An important conclusion is that substantially more electric current crowding exists within this semiconductor device than heretofore suspected, particularly in the vicinity of the ohmic contacts. Considered in this analysis is the influence on the electrical characteristics of various impurity atom distributions arising from a two-step diffusion process. The results of this investigation are presented graphically.
Linked by Migrating Waterfowl

Focusing on the western United States, Wilson describes efforts over the past century to meet the needs of migrant ducks and geese in landscapes transformed by human demands for agriculture and water.
Reducing Road Rage: An Application of the Dissonance-Attribution Model of Interpersonal Forgiveness.

Recent research (Takaku, 2001; Takaku, Weiner, and Ohbuchi, 2001) tested and supported the hypothesis that injured parties' motivation to forgive their wrongdoers could be enhanced through inducing hypocrisy-dissonance by making the injured parties aware of their own past wrongdoing. The present study tested and supported the model's applicability to people's road-rage experiences by showing that individuals who were aware of their own past reckless driving generated more hypocrisy-induced dissonance, more positive attributions, and less negative emotional reactions than individuals who were not aware of their own past reckless driving. Implications for future research and possible applications of the model in reducing road rage are discussed.
Efficient processing of data warehousing queries in a split execution environment

Hadapt is a start-up company currently commercializing the Yale University research project called HadoopDB. The company focuses on building a platform for Big Data analytics in the cloud by introducing a storage layer optimized for structured data and by providing a framework for executing SQL queries efficiently. This work considers processing data warehousing queries over very large datasets. Our goal is to maximize perfor mance while, at the same time, not giving up fault tolerance and scalability. We analyze the complexity of this problem in the split execution environment of HadoopDB. Here, incoming queries are examined; parts of the query are pushed down and executed inside the higher performing database layer; and the rest of the query is processed in a more generic MapReduce framework.In this paper, we discuss in detail performance-oriented query execution strategies for data warehouse queries in split execution environments, with particular focus on join and aggregation operations. The efficiency of our techniques is demonstrated by running experiments using the TPC-H benchmark with 3TB of data. In these experiments we compare our results with a standard commercial parallel database and an open-source MapReduce implementation featuring a SQL interface (Hive). We show that HadoopDB successfully competes with other systems.
Numerical modeling of ducted propellers

This paper presents two numerical methods, a Vortex-Lattice Method (VLM) based potential solver (named MPUF3A) coupled with a Finite Volume Method (FVM) based Euler solver (named GBFLOW), and a Boundary Element Method (BEM) based potential solver (named PROPCAV), which can predict the wetted and cavitating performance of ducted propellers. For the first approach, VLM is applied to model the propeller, and FVM is used to analyze the whole flow field with the duct. Those two methods are coupled together to include the interaction between duct and propeller. By distributing the line vortices and the line sources on the camber surface, MPUF3A solves the potential flow around the propeller, and as a result the pressure and cavitation patterns on the blade surface are determined. The duct is modeled as a solid boundary in GBFLOW which solves the Euler equations with body force term converted from pressures evaluated in MPUF3A. The solution of the Euler equation would bring the total velocity distribution. An effective wake field is determined by subtracting the induced velocity from the total velocity, and the predicted effective velocity is used by MPUF3A to predict the updated pressure distributions. In this way, both the duct (as solid boundary) and propeller (as body forces) are included in the fluid domain simultaneously and the flow and body forces are updated iteratively. The solution converges when the predicted thrust is stabilized within an acceptable tolerance. A general image model is applied to include the duct wall effect, and the viscous effect is modeled by the discharge model when the gap region between duct inner surface and propeller tip is small. For the second approach, a Boundary Element Method is applied to predict the cavitating performance of ducted propeller, in which the propeller and duct are paneled and solved simultaneously by applying the appropriate boundary conditions. The blade sheet cavity is determined by applying the dynamic and the kinematic boundary conditions on the cavity surface. The potential on the cavity surface is known from the dynamic boundary condition and the relation between cavitation number and cavity velocity. Once the boundary value problem is solved for the unknowns, i.e. the potentials on the wetted blade surface and the normal derivative of potentials on the cavity surface, the new cavity shape is adjusted by using the normal derivative of the potential. The procedure is repeated until the cavity shape converges and the pressure on the cavity becomes constant and equals to the vapor pressure. The present methods have been validated by comparing the predicted forces with those measured in experiments, and the cavity patterns and forces predicted from the two methods have been compared to each other.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Contrafreeloading as a function of early environmental rearing conditions

Four groups of rat subjects were reared for 45 days in one of four environments (two enriched, a normal, and a deprived, respectively). Following the rearing period, all subjects were administered an 11-day training/testing session consisting of: (1) exposure to free food, (2) barpress training, and (3) choice between obtaining food freely or via barpressing. The results indicated that subjects reared in the deprived environment preferred to barpress significantly more than all other groups. Attention is directed toward a consideration of manipulatory behavior in explaining these results.
The invention of the modern uroflowmeter by Willard M. Drake, JR at Jefferson Medical College

The uroflowmeter is perhaps the most important and certainly the most commonly used urodynamic instrument currently employed in urologic practice. The modern uroflowmeter was invented by Willard M. Drake, Jr., in 1946 at the Jefferson Medical College. The original manuscript, entitled "The uroflometer: an aid to the study of the lower urinary tract," appeared in Journal of Urology in 1948. Drake obtained a US patent for the device, entitled "Uroflometer," in 1953. The flowmeter, originally manufactured by van Beek Industries, was more recently manufactured and distributed by Grewe Plastics. Drake is now retired and living in Nacogdoches, Texas.
Algorithm using LSP to find symmetric axes of chromosomes

Chromosomes are the primary objects studied in cytogenetics. Recent efforts have been devoted to automating the analysis of banded metaphase chromosomes. Feature extraction is the first step to identify a chromosome. Many useful features, such as the length and the number of bands of a chromosome, can be measured along with the chromosome's longitudinal symmetric axis. Therefore, finding this axis is a necessary precursor to making those measurements. In this paper, a new algorithm for finding a symmetric axis of a chromosome is discussed. The author introduced a concept of local symmetric property of an oblong object, and, then, applied this concept to a chromosome to find the symmetric axis after the boundary of the chromosome has been found. The results of the experiments show that the algorithm works well for both straight and bent chromosomes. Since the algorithms is based on the geometric properties of an object rather than its biological properties, it also can be used to find the symmetric axis of any other oblong object.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Long-Term Quality of Life and Alimentary Satisfaction After Esophagectomy With Colon Interposition

Background The long-term outcome after colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction is not well documented. Our objective was to assess quality of life and alimentary satisfaction 10 or more years after colon interposition. Methods Patients who had an esophagectomy that was reconstructed using a colon interposition before April 2003 were identified. Symptoms, alimentary satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed by telephone interview and questionnaires. Results We identified 79 surviving patients, and follow-up was obtained in 63 (80%). The indication for esophagectomy was cancer in 45 patients and benign disease in 18. Vagal-sparing esophagectomy was performed in 48% of patients, en bloc in 44%, and transhiatal in 8%. Median follow-up was 13 years (range, 10 to 38 years). The median Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index score was 3 of 4 and results from the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA) were at or above the published normal means in all categories. Most patients were free of dysphagia (89%), regurgitation (84%), and heartburn (84%). The most common postprandial symptom was early satiety (40%). The body mass index was within normal reference ranges in 90% of patients. Follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 30 patients at a median of 6 years showed no Barrett's metaplasia in the residual esophagus. Seven patients had a reoperation for colon redundancy. Conclusions Long-term alimentary satisfaction and quality of life were excellent after colon interposition. Most patients were free of dysphagia and few needed revision for redundancy. These results should encourage the use of a colon interposition in patients expected to survive long-term after esophagectomy.
Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease. From description to etiology.

Psychotic symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and occur in at least 20% of medication-treated patients. Benign visual hallucinations usually appear earlier, while malignant hallucinations, confusional states, delusions, paranoid beliefs, agitation, and delirium become more frequent with disease progression. Virtually all antiparkinsonian drugs may produce psychotic symptoms. Cognitive impairment, increased age, disease duration and severity, depression, and sleep disorders have been consistently identified as independent risk factors for their development. Although the precise pathoetiologic mechanisms remain unknown, we review evidence that links ventral dopaminergic pathway dysfunction (overactivity) together with the involvement of other neurotransmitter system imbalances as likely contributors. The clinical importance of the proposed mechanism is that successful management of psychotic symptoms in PD may rely on a multitarget approach to restore neurotransmitter imbalances rather than focusing exclusively on the dopaminergic dysfunction.
Efficient link management for the wireless communication of an ocean current turbine testbed

We describe a wireless link management framework for an ocean platform-to-shore communication system that uses time series forecasting to predict the available link capacity using ocean platform sensor data metrics to boost link robustness and to efficiently manage quality of service. Based on the predicted link capacity the OCTT Wireless Link (OWL) manager coordinates transmission scheduling of XML/HTTP sensor data at the web service layer and controls queue management for IP packet routing. To validate our framework, we developed a link management tool, the OCTT Wireless Link (OWL) manager to ensure optimal throughput and quality of service (QoS) for the wireless communication system linking ocean-based instrumented platforms with users on the shore. OWL applies sensor fusion to the platform attribute data which is then used to forecast the throughput of the wireless link in the harsh and rapidly fluctuating oceanic environment. OWL continually sends this forecast to the Queue Manager (QM) and when the signal power is forecast to drop outside the ideal range, using Linux networking tools, OWL provides bandwidth provisioning at the IP layer over each of the wireless radios in the network. This article describes our work on this project and experimentation with the OWL manager applied to sensory data collected from early stage OCTT platform testing.
Affective Disorders and Nitric Oxide: A Role in Pathways to Relapse and Refractoriness?

Glutamatergic mechanisms are powerful activators of thel-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the central nervous system (CNS). While these mechanisms have been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, as well as psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and anxiety, a possible role in affective disorders has not been defined. Low gamma-hydroxy butyric acid (GABA)/high glutamate ratios appear to be aetiological factors in the syndrome of depression. In addition to effects on biogenic amines, typical antidepressants exhibit both glutamate-modulating actions and GABA enhancing properties, whileN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonists, similarly, display antidepressant efficacy. Excessive activation of glutamatergic/nitrergic mechanisms, leading to limbic and subcortical kindling and the synthesis of specific immediate early genes (IEG) and retrograde messengers such as NO, allow the formation of memory traces which can either predict remission of dysphoric mood or, alternatively, the development of relapse and treatment refractoriness. In parallel to its ability to induce refractoriness, lithium can augment glutamate responses, is proconvulsant, regulates gene expression and has distinct effects on NO and cGMP. These effects, including refractoriness, may be overcome with anticonvulsant/GABA-agonists or an NMDA antagonist. Not only are anti-glutamatergic or GABA-enhancing mechanisms thus vital for successful remission of depression, they may also regulate homeostatic mechanisms preventing dysphoric mood recurrence. The diverse effects of NO and cGMP on subcellular events, the unique physico-chemical properties of NO and its involvement in cellular memory processes and synaptic plasticity makes it an ideal regulator of short- and long-term adaptive changes associated with mood regulation.
Stimulatory effects of tolbutamide infusion on plasma glucagon in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

The effect of iv tolbutamide on endogenous glucagon levels was measured in nine insulin-dependent diabetic patients chosen because they evidenced no C-peptide response to β-cell secretagogues. Basal glucagon levels were not suppressed by a sustained tolbutamide infusion; in fact, a slight stimulatory effect was observed at 5, 10, 30, and 45 min. In the absence of detectable insulin secretory capacity and suboptimal insulin replacement, tolbutamide appears to be a stimulus, not a suppressant, of glucagon secretion.
Survivors' Reactions to Layoffs: We Get By with a Little Help for Our Friends.

The authors thank Gerald R. Salancik and three anonymous ASQ reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. In addition, we thank the following individuals for their competent assistance during the data collection phase of the laboratory study: Mark Barnea, Robert Brady, Brad Crooke, John Denari, Nina Esaki, Steve Hickey, and Sung Ho Kim. Please address correspondence to: Joel Brockner, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027. The research reported here used a multimethod approach to investigate the effects on survivors-i.e., the individuals who remain after a layoff has taken place-of their prior identification with and the organization's compensation to those laid off. Based on a justice theory framework, we hypothesized that survivors would exhibit the most negative reactions (from an organizational perspective) when they identified with the layoff victims and when they felt that the victims had not been well compensated. These two independent variables were manipulated in a laboratory study in which work performance served as the dependent variable. A field study was also used to survey employees who had survived a major layoff in their work organization. Included in the survey were measures of the independent variables, as well as the dependent variable: survivors' change in organizational commitment, relative to the pre-layoff period. As expected, survivors reacted most negatively when they identified with layoff victims who were perceived to have been inadequately compensated. The negative reaction took the form of reduced work performance in the lab study and lowered organizational commitment in the field study. Explanations, theoretical and practical implications, and avenues for further research are discussed.'
Progressive myotonia in foals resembling human dystrophia myotonica

A severe and progressive neuromuscular disorder accompanied by clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological features resembling human dystrophia myotonica was observed in three foals. This disorder was apparent as early as 1 month of age and involved progressive skeletal muscle dysfunction, initially characterized by proximal muscle hypertrophy and hypertonicity with subsequent muscle stiffness, weakness, and atrophy. Multisystem involvement was manifested in one case by testicular hypoplasia, early cataract formation, and borderline glucose intolerance. Prolonged dimpling of these large rear-limb muscles was elicited by percussion. Myotonic discharges were identified by electromyography. Percussion dimpling and the typical myotonic discharges persisted after neuromuscular blockade. Distinctive histologic muscle changes included ring fibers, sarcoplasmic mass formation, variation in fiber diameter size, and internally positioned nuclei.
CO-EVOLUTION OF BOARDS OF DIRECTORS IN MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASE OF BANCOSOL AND LOS ANDES

The mission and performance of an enterprise is the legal and strategic responsibility of the Board of Directors (BOD). For the BODs of microfinance institutions (MFIs) this task is even more challenging. This study investigates the connection between the composition and roles of BODs and organizational evolution. It builds on the experiences of BancoSol and Los Andes, two MFIs that pioneered microfinance in Bolivia. The findings support the notion that BODs evolve to fit the needs of organizations at different stages of industry and organizational evolution. While these results are not surprising, previous research has not shown the micro-dynamics involved in this co-evolution and thus their impact on board composition and roles.
Statistical estimation of the minimal detectable concentration ("sensitivity") for radioligand assays.

Abstract A method is presented for calculation of the minimal detectable dose (MDD) or minimal detectable concentration (MDC) for a radioimmunoassay or related radioligand assay (e.g., immunoradiometric assays, “sandwich” assays, etc.). It is necessary to consider the uncertainty in the estimate of the “true” response for zero dose, as well as the error in the mean response for replicates of an “unknown” sample. The MDC decreases as the degree of replication for the unknown increases, approaching a nonzero finite lower limit as the number of replieates for the unknown gets large. “Pooling” of information about the variability of response at zero dose results in improved utilization of data, with increased degrees of freedom and smaller MDC. A one-tailed, rather than two-tailed. Student's t statistic should be used. The considerations reviewed here should be applicable irrespective of the nature of the dose-response curve or the particular model used for curve fitting.
Accumulation of E2F-4·DP-1 DNA Binding Complexes Correlates with Induction of dhfr Gene Expression during the G1 to S Phase Transition

Previously genomic DNase I footprinting showed changes in protein binding to two overlapping E2F sites correlates with activation of dhfr gene expression at the G1/S boundary of the Chinese hamster cell cycle (Wells, J., Held, P., Illenye, S., and Heintz, N. H. (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 634-647). Here gel mobility and antibody supershift assays were used to relate changes in the components of E2F DNA binding complexes in cell extracts to repression and induction of dhfr gene expression. In extracts from log phase cells, E2F complexes contained predominantly E2F-4 and E2F-2 in association with DP-1, and DNA binding assays showed complexes containing E2F-2 preferentially interact with only one of the two overlapping E2F sites. In serum starvation-stimulation experiments, arrest in G1 by low serum was accompanied by decreased levels of dhfr mRNA and the appearance of an E2F-4.DP-1.p130 complex. After serum stimulation, induction of dhfr gene expression was preceded by loss of the p130 complex in mid G1 and coincided with marked increases in two free E2F.DP-1 complexes in late G1, one of which contained E2F-4 and a second which contained an unidentified E2F. We suggest activation of dhfr gene expression after serum stimulation requires at least two temporally distinct processes, relief of p130-mediated repression and subsequent activation of transcription by free E2F.
The Use of Logistic Regression Analysis to Evaluate Customer Satisfaction with a Telephone Hotline

Abstract This article describes a method used to evaluate customer satisfaction with a telephone Hotline that, at the time of the study, received more than 200,000 calls annually. The statistical analysis, which is based on responses to a customer survey, specifies three logistic regression models as a set of recursive equations estimated in a two-stage process. The first stage analysis estimates two equations designed to measure service quality characteristics that contribute to customer satisfaction. The second stage analysis estimates the likelihood that customers were satisfied with their Hotline experience, as a function of the service quality characteristics and other factors. The results of the analysis provided several practical areas lor improving customer satisfaction with the Hotline.
A Comparison of Eggshell Weight from Double- and Single-Yolked Eggs

Abstract Three experiments were conducted with Hy-Line W36® commercial layers and two experiments with Arbor Acres broiler breeder hens laying double-yolked eggs. Egg weight, shell weight, percentage shell, and shell weight per unit of surface (SWUSA) were compared for double-yolked and single-yolked eggs. Egg weight and shell weight were heavier from double-yolked eggs than from single-yolked eggs. However, percentage shell and SWUSA were lower for the double-yolked eggs.
Survey Indicates Need For Dietitian's Presence in a HIV Clinic

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe a needs assessment activity used in planning clinical nutrition programs and services at a HIV clinic. At this medical center, comprehensive nutrition services are routinely provided for hospitalized HIV patients, but no formal program exists for ambulatory clients at the Special Immunology Unit (SIU). A patient survey was conducted, as part of a needs assessment, to help determine the direction for future nutrition programs and services in the HIV clinic. The goal of the survey was to obtain patients' input on: 1) existence of HIV-related nutritional problems, 2) diet adequacy, 3) use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and vitamins/minerals (V/M), 4) sources of nutrition information and 5) receiving nutrition counselling from a registered dietitian (RD). 203 questionnaires were distributed, over 4 weeks, in the SIU. 51 clients (25%) completed the anonymous survey. Results indicated that 61% of all patients had at least one nutritional problem and 33% reported multiple problems (MP). Those most stated were weight loss (36%), inability to eat certain foods (32%) and decreased appetite (32%). Although 96% of all clients thought eating an adequate diet was important for persons with HIV, only 48% felt they were eating adequately. Of the patients with weight loss, just 2 (18%) said they were eating an adequate diet. ONS and V/M were consumed by 51% and 49% of all clients, respectively. Use of both was higher (73%), in persons with weight loss. Leading sources of nutrition information were self (72%), HIV literature (24%) and a physician (22%). Most patients (63%) wanted to receive nutrition counselling, from a RD, in the SIU. Interest was greater (82%) among those with MP. Topics clients most wished to discuss were the use of V/M (70%), eating adequately (61%) and snacks/ONS (55%). Patients preferred to receive counselling alone (63%) and at their regular visit with a doctor (87%). 91% of all clients thought other HIV patients would want to speak with a RD. Overall, the findings of this survey helped in suggesting that a RD is needed for ambulatory HIV patients, especially those with weight loss or MP. Plans are being made to staff the SIU with a part-time RD.
THE CRITICAL TENSILE STRESS CRITERION FOR CLEAVAGE

An elastic-plastic analysis was used to accurately measure the microscopic cleavage strength σ inff sup* of notched bars of high nitrogen steel in bending. It was found that σ inff sup* increases as the root radius of the notch ϱ decreases. For ϱ > 0.010″, the variation of σ inff sup* with ϱ, and the difference between σ ingff sup* and the cleavage fracture strength of a plane tensile specimen, σf, may result from a statistical effect, due to differences in the volume of highly stressed material in the plastic zone. For ϱ < .010″, the primary reason for the apparent increase in σ inff sup* with decreasing ϱ, is the steep stress gradient at the notch tip, which forces the critical plastic zone size to extend further to insure that unstable microcraek propagation can occur. Both the statistical and stress gradient effects have been quantitatively evaluated and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Pigment and the olfactory mechanism.

THE pale-yellow to dark-brown colour of the olfactory epithelium has led many to suppose that pigment is essential to olfaction1–3, and the finding that there are stores of carotenoids in the olfactory epithelium of cattle4,5 has given some support to the view that these compounds are involved6,7. More specifically, Briggs and Duncan5 have recently proposed that—on analogy with vision—carotenoids are the receptors of energy from odorous molecules. The purpose of this note is to present evidence inconsistent with such theories.
Enemy Brothers: Gary Lease and the Scholarship of Religion

Gary Lease, a controversial figure in the study of religion, was best known throughout his long career for his uncompromising antipathy towards theologically and phenomenologically-oriented approaches to the field. Lease developed his analytic perspective on religion around a set of broad, global assumptions about human nature, the mind, and society. These assumptions lie at the root of those provocative positions which have come to characterize Lease's work. This paper argues that those assumptions, which center primarily on his understanding of human thought as sharply and inescapably limited by biological, cognitive, and historical constraints, form the basis for a distinctive and robust framework for the study of religion. This framework posits, among other things, a fundamentally agonistic relationship between the religion and the study of religion.
Concentration, Mergers and Public Policy

The article presents a review of the book “Concentration, Mergers and Public Policy,” by Yale Brozen and George Bittingmeyer.
Teratocarcinoma antigen is secreted by epididymal cells and coupled to maturing sperm.

Abstract Teratocarcinoma specified antigen SSEA-1, is present on ejaculated sperm, but it is not evident on testicular sperm. We show that SSEA-1 is secreted by the chief cells of the caput epididymis and is then adsorbed to the surface of the spermatozoa during their passage through the epididymis.
Forecasting demand for health services: Development of a publicly available toolbox

Abstract Efficient health care delivery systems aim to match resources to demand for services over time. Resource allocation decisions must be made under stochastic uncertainty. This includes uncertainty in the number of individuals (i.e., counts) in need of services over discrete time intervals. Examples include counts of patients arriving to emergency departments and counts of prescription medications distributed by pharmacies. Accurately forecasting count data in health care systems allows decision-makers to anticipate the need for services and make informed decisions about how to manage resources and purchase supplies over time. A publicly available toolbox to forecast count data is developed in this work. The toolbox is implemented in MATLAB environment with the newly developed generalized autoregressive moving average (GARMA) models with discrete-valued distributions. GARMA models treat count data in a mathematically coherent manner compared to Gaussian models, often inappropriately applied in health care applications. GARMA models can incorporate none to many exogenous variables hypothesized to influence the predicted responses (i.e., counts forecasted). The toolbox’s primary purpose is to deliver one to multiple-steps ahead forecasts, but also gives information for model inference and validation. The toolbox uses the maximum likelihood method to estimate model parameters from the data. We demonstrate toolbox application and validity on two example health care count data sets and show how using integer-valued conditional distributions as offered by GARMA models can produce forecast models that outperform the traditional Gaussian models.
Glutamatergic regulation of serine racemase via reversal of PIP2 inhibition

D-serine is a physiologic coagonist with glutamate at NMDA-subtype glutamate receptors. As D-serine is localized in glia, synaptically released glutamate presumably stimulates the glia to form and release D-serine, enabling glutamate/D-serine cotransmission. We show that serine racemase (SR), which generates D-serine from L-serine, is physiologically inhibited by phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) presence in membranes where SR is localized. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) on glia leads to phospholipase C-mediated degradation of PIP2, relieving SR inhibition. Thus mutants of SR that cannot bind PIP2 lose their membrane localizations and display a 4-fold enhancement of catalytic activity. Moreover, mGluR5 activation of SR activity is abolished by inhibiting phospholipase C.
Spatial profile of the steady-state exciton distribution in doped molecular crystals☆

Abstract We present calculations of the steady-state spatial distribution of excitons created continuously by illumination and depleted continuously by radiative decay in a doped molecular crystal, e.g. tetracene-doped anthracene. The calculation is exact for low guest concentrations and allows explicit description of the hole in the exciton distribution that surrounds a trapping site.
Reduction of flexural vibrations by damping of axial motions

Abstract To realize a simple passive method for the reduction of the amplitude of flexural vibrations in structures, a method of damping the axial displacements of a structural component is introduced. The non-linear deformation of slender beam is considered, and the axial force acting at one end of it is assumed to be linearly proportional to the beams' axial velocity there. This, in turn, is expressed in terms of an integral over the length of the beam of the time derivative of the quantity νs2, where ν s = ∂ν ∂s, s denoting the arc length along the axis of the beam. This is a second order non-linear effect. The derivation of the equation of motion of the beam includes non-linear effects to the third order. The beam is then assumed to be driven by a transverse force that varies sinusoidally in time. For a simply supported beam, a one-term Galerkin approximation is applied to remove the spatial dependence of the partial differential equation. The novel feature of this differential equation is the presence of a non-linear damping term that consists of the product of the transverse velocity and the square of the transverse displacement. Non-linear stiffness and inertia terms also appear in this reduced equation of motion. A system of non-linear first order differential equations is then obtained. For the case of the steady state response, the dependence of the steady state amplitude upon the frequency ratio is determined and a plot of its variation is reported for several values of the non-linear damping parameter. The Runge-Kutta method is used to determine the variation of the amplitude of the motion as a function of time when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the system. Numerical calculations reveal that significant reductions in the transverse amplitudes of the motion can be realized through an increase in the degree of damping that is exerted on the axial motion of the beam. Poincare maps are plotted for undamped and non-linearly damped beam motions. A transition into and then out of a state of chaos is observed as the value of the non-linear damping parameter is increased.
What effect does androgen suppression therapy have on frequency and timing of fatal myocardial infarctions

What effect does androgen suppression therapy have on frequency and timing of fatal myocardial infarctions?
Individual identification of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) using DNA from fecal pellets

We tested a protocol for extracting DNA from fecal pellets from Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) and evaluated genotyping performance of previously developed microsatellite markers as well as a suite of new markers designed specifically for this study. We screened 30 microsatellites, and identified 7 (23%) loci including 4 new markers, that fit well into a single multiplex and consistently genotyped deer with low error rates. DNA was extracted from 2,408 fecal-pellet samples. Of those, 1,240 (52%) were genotyped successfully at all 7 markers allowing identification of 634 genetically unique deer. Using DNA from fecal pellets collected in the field was an effective technique for identifying and distinguishing among deer.
Comparison of BLOKS and WORMS scoring systems part I. Cross sectional comparison of methods to assess cartilage morphology, meniscal damage and bone marrow lesions on knee MRI: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

Summary Objective To compare two semiquantitative scoring systems for assessing the prevalence and severity of morphologic cartilage lesions, meniscal damage and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) from Magnetic Resonance Imagings (MRIs) of knees with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods From participants in the OA Initiative (OAI), a sample of 115 knees with radiographic OA at high risk of cartilage loss, were selected based on risk factors for progression. Knee MRIs were read separately using both Whole Organ MR Scoring (WORMS) and Boston-Leeds OA Knee Scoring (BLOKS), and a subset was fed back to readers for reliability. Baseline readings were used for comparison of the two methods for inter-reader reliability as well as agreement on presence/absence and severity of MRI features at both the compartment level and finer anatomical subregion levels. Results Both methods had high inter-reader agreement for all features studied (kappa for WORMS 0.69–1.0 and for BLOKS 0.65–1.0). Although the methods agreed well on presence and severity of morphological cartilage lesions (inter-method kappas from 0.66 to 0.95), BLOKS was more sensitive for full thickness defects. The two methods gave equivalent results for extent (kappa 0.74–0.80) and number (Spearman's Rho=0.85) of BMLs, and little extra information was obtained using the more complex BLOKS BML scoring. Similar results were also obtained for the common types of meniscal damage and extrusion (inter-method kappa 0.85–0.94), but the inclusion in BLOKS of meniscal signal abnormality and uncommon types of tear may be an advantage if these prove clinically meaningful. Conclusion Both WORMS and BLOKS had high reliability. The two methods gave similar results in this sample for prevalence and severity of cartilage loss, BMLs and meniscal damage. Selecting between, or combining, the two methods should be based on factors such as reader effort, appropriateness for the goals of a study, and longitudinal performance.
The influence of nanoparticle loading and surfactant on the viscosity of nanoenhanced energy storage materials

Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) can be used as a transient thermal management technique due to their ability to store significant amounts of heat through the solid liquid phase change. It is common to improve the low thermal conductivity of PCMs by adding nanoparticles, however, this addition changes some of the physical properties of the material, including viscosity, possibly hindering convection currents seen in the liquid state. The dynamic viscosity of nano-enhanced materials is examined in this paper as a function of shear rate and temperature. The materials used are paraffin wax enhanced with herringbone style graphite nanofibers (HGNFs) in 0.1% and 0.5% volume fractions with and without oleic acid. The nano-enhanced materials are found to be Newtonian in nature and to decrease in viscosity as temperature increases.
Enantiomeric composition of amphetamine and methamphetamine derived from the precursor compound famprofazone

Fourteen different metabolic precursors of amphetamine or methamphetamine have previously been identified. Many of these drugs are available only by prescription and several are only available in some parts of the world and not in others. One of these drugs, famprofazone, is available over-the-counter which complicates the interpretation of methamphetamine urine drug testing results. To assist in the interpretation of typical laboratory results, a study was conducted to determine the enantiomeric composition of the methamphetamine and amphetamine produced from the metabolism of famprofazone. Fifty mg of famprofazone was administered to a volunteer followed by collection of urine for the next 6 days. The resulting quantity, enantiomeric composition and percent conversion from famprofazone to the product amphetamine and methamphetamine was determined. The results showed the amphetamine and methamphetamine to include both the d- and l-enantiomers. Percent conversion and peak concentrations were similar to those reported in previous studies.
Electrical Networks of the Azores Archipelago

In this chapter, the electrical networks of the Azores Islands are explored. In the Azores Archipelago, smaller islands like Corvo, Flores and Sao Jorge have radial distribution networks. Larger islands such as Graciosa, Faial and Santa Maria have ring distribution systems located along the coastal area. In addition, the largest islands like Terceira and Sao Miguel have high voltage transmission systems connecting large generators to large load centers. Only Terceira and Sao Miguel have advanced control centers that handle generation control and distribution management.
Family Policy and Family Professionals

In this introduction to the thematic issue on family policy, I discuss the evolution over the past decade in the approach to family policy taken by family professionals. I argue that the writings of policy-oriented professionals have become more modest in scope, more focused on specific issues, more aware of the moral tensions inherent in intervening in family affairs, and more appreciative of the strengths of families. This has led, I argue, to a more limited but more constructive contribution to the debates about the family and public policy.