cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utopian sketches overcome by shades of Gray

by John Hoffman, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2009, 224 pp., £75.00 (hardback), ISBN 978‐0‐7083‐2026‐6 The very notion of broad‐scale social progress, of improvement to the conditions of hum...
Results of the surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis.

A review of the literature indicates that the recent consensus is that spondylolisthesis is an acquired anomaly. The cause appears to be either a single major trauma (which is very rare) or a series of minor traumata that result in stress fractures through the pars interarticulars or the pedicles of the vertebrae involved. This study concerns 216 patients operated on consecutively. Spondylolisthesis was present at the lumbosacral level in 190 of them; between the fourth and fifth lumbar segments in nineteen; and between the third and fourth lumbar segments in seven. In only seven cases was the slipping greater than Grade 2. The procedure performed was spine fusion except for the Gill operations in twenty-five patients. Spine fusion was established by the Meyerding techisique, and a comparison is made between results achieved with iliac bone grafts and results obtained with tibial bone grafts. In only twelve patients were plaster casts used. All other patients were allowed to be up with a belt or corset within two weeks of the day of operation, and no other form of immobilization was used. In this series, the best results were obtained for patients in whom iliac fusion was done with concurrent removal of loose dorsal elements. Iliac fusion was definitely more satisfactory, in respect to both clinical results and the percentage of successful fusion, than was tibial fusion. Removal of loose dorsal elements had no adverse effect on the number of instances of successful fusion and the procedure seemed to improve the clinical results to a significant degree. In more than 60 per cent of the patients, exploration of the nerve roots was done at the time of operation, and in forty-six instances definite protrusion or extrusion of intervertebral dises was found. This is a higher incidence of this defect than is reported in most series of spondylolisthesis.
Designer's augmented reality toolkit, ten years later: implications for new media authoring tools

The Designer's Augmented Reality Toolkit (DART) was an augmented (AR) and mixed reality (MR) authoring tool targeted at new media designers. It was released in 2003 and was heavily used by a diverse population of creators for the next several years [28]. Ten years later, we approached a group of users to collect reflections on their use of DART, the artifacts they produced, their subsequent AR/MR authoring, their thoughts on the challenges of AR/MR authoring in general, and the state of modern tools. In this paper we present the findings from in-depth interviews with these DART developers and other AR experts. Their reflections provide insights on how to successfully engage non-technologists with new media and the challenges they face during authoring, the unique requirements of new media authoring, and how modern tools are still not meeting the needs of this type of author, highlighting where additional research is needed.
Building a Multicellular Organism

▪ Abstract Multicellular organisms appear to have arisen from unicells numerous times. Multicellular cyanobacteria arose early in the history of life on Earth. Multicellular forms have since arisen independently in each of the kingdoms and several times in some phyla. If the step from unicellular to multicellular life was taken early and frequently, the selective advantage of multicellularity may be large. By comparing the properties of a multicellular organism with those of its putative unicellular ancestor, it may be possible to identify the selective force(s). The independent instances of multicellularity reviewed indicate that advantages in feeding and in dispersion are common. The capacity for signaling between cells accompanies the evolution of multicellularity with cell differentiation.
Not Just the Facts: Adjudicator Bias and Decisions of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (2006–2011):

The Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB) is Canada's largest administrative tribunal. The Refugee Protection Division (RPD) of the IRB is responsible for the adjudication of refugee claims...
Segmentation of Pulmonary Nodules Based on Statistic Features of Wavelet Coefficients and Dual Level Sets

A major problem of pulmonary nodules segmentation can't be solved well by conventional methods, which is other tissue in chest CT image slices, such as blood vessels and bronchi, often overlap with the nodules and they also have the same gray scale intensity approximately, for big size (>40pixels) nodules especially. This paper presents a novel approach to solve above problem, which works in two main steps: (1) transition region (TR), which is defined as the ambiguous region between nodule and background, is ascertained depending on statistic features of wavelet coefficients. (2) Precise boundaries of the nodule is segmented based on an improvement of dual level sets method. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated in the chest CT images. Experiments with real chest CT images confirm the high accuracy of our approach.
THE THEORY OF GRAPHS IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE

In this tutorial the author shows how graph theory can be used to model the structural relationships in a behavioral theory. The baśic elements of a graph and its related matrices are defined and illustrated. A survey of applications of graph theory in behavioral science is followed by an extensive bibliography.
Living with innateness (and environmental dependence too)

Griffiths and Machery contend that the concept of innateness should be dispensed with in the sciences. We contend that, once that concept is properly understood as what we have called ‘closed proce...
Relationship of antihypertensive treatment to plasma markers of vascular inflammation and remodeling in the Comparison of Amlodipine versus Enalapril to Limit Occurrences of Thrombosis study.

Background Antihypertensive agents lower the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether they affect pathways important in inflammation and plaque remodeling in atherosclerosis is uncertain. We assessed whether 2 commonly used antihypertensive agents affected plasma biomarkers reflecting specific inflammatory and remodeling processes over 2 years in the Comparison of Amlodipine versus Enalapril to Limit Occurrences of Thrombosis (CAMELOT) study. Methods The study was a randomized controlled trial of 2 antihypertensives (amlodipine and enalapril) compared with placebo in patients with coronary artery disease and diastolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg. In 196 subjects who had baseline and 2-year intravascular coronary ultrasound examinations, we measured plasma interleukin 18, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, matrix metalloproteinase 9, neopterin, and C-reactive protein. Results for both treatment groups were pooled and compared with placebo. Results Antihypertensive treatment with either agent significantly lowered diastolic blood pressure (−4.7 vs placebo 1.3 mm Hg, P = .002) and progression of coronary atheroma (Δ percent atheroma volume 0.6 vs placebo 2.1, P = .031). Antihypertensive therapy did not affect plasma biomarkers of inflammation or plaque remodeling in the 135 subjects with baseline and 2-year biomarker samples. Progression in percent atheroma volume was significantly less in subjects taking statins at baseline (−2.5%, P = .0008). Conclusions In patients with coronary artery disease and well-controlled risk factors, antihypertensive therapy lowered blood pressure and progression of coronary atherosclerosis but did not affect plasma biomarkers of inflammation and remodeling. Antihypertensives may decrease atheroma progression by mechanisms other than those reflected by these plasma biomarkers.
Maximal Conditional Efficiency Successive Interference Cancellation

Conditional asymptotic multi-user efficiency is introduced as a quantitative measure for comparing the performance of multi-user detectors that employ successive interference cancellation (SIC). For a given ordering of user signals, we derive the detector that achieves the maximum asymptotic conditional efficiency for each user among all possible SIC detectors. The optimal ordering that maximizes the asymptotic conditional efficiency at each stage of successive detection is also derived. We extend the concept of maximal asymptotic conditional efficiency detection to the case of joint successive interference cancellation (JSIC), where at each stage of successive detection, the corresponding bit is detected taking into account the interference of the "closest", or nearest, interferer in an ordered set of users. Both detection algorithms proposed are robust against strong correlation of user signals, e.g., in a multi-user system where the user signals are linearly dependent. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum conditional efficiency approach significantly improves detector performance, particularly at high SNR.
Fiber, Obesity, and Diabetes

Cleave and Campbell (1966) and Trowell (1974, 1975) have suggested that consumption of fiber-depleted foods plays an important role in the etiology of diabetes. Trowell advanced the argument that the incidence of diabetes in England and Wales could be correlated with the fiber content of flour. He also cited examples of populations (South African Bantu, Yemenite Jews) whose incidence of diabetes increased soon after changing from a high-fiber diet to a low-fiber diet. Jenkins et al. (1976, 1977) showed that meals rich in fiber reduced hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in human subjects: Their findings were confirmed in other laboratories (Miranda and Horwitz, 1978; Monmer et al.,1978). Anderson and his colleagues (Anderson, 1980; Anderson and Ward, 1978; Kiehm et al., 1976) have devised a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet which contains the same number of calories as the diet recommended by the American Diabetes Association but in which the percentage of calories from carbohydrates is increased from 43 to 70. The increase in carbohydrate is principally in the form of complex carbohydrate. A comparison of the representative diets is shown in Table I. This type of diet reduces serum cholesterol and blood glucose and permits reductions in dosages of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents needed for control of diabetes. Stone and Connor (1963) fed a similar diet to diabetics that also proved to be hypolipidemic. These diets act by inhibiting glucose absorption and thus reduce serum insulin response. Plasma glucagon levels are also lower in diabetic subjects ingesting a high-fiber diet (Miranda and Horwitz, 1978). Excellent reviews on the effect of fiber on carbohydrate metabolism (Jenkins, 1980) and diabetes (Anderson, 1980) have appeared recently.
Self-reported Function, Health Resource Use, and Total Health Care Costs Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Glaucoma.

Importance The effect of glaucoma on nonglaucomatous medical conditions and resultant secondary health care costs is not well understood. Objective To assess self-reported medical conditions, the use of medical services, and total health care costs among Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal observational study of 72 587 Medicare beneficiaries in the general community using the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (2004-2009). Coding to extract data started in January 2015, and analyses were performed between May and July 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported health, the use of health care services, adjusted mean annual total health care costs per person, and adjusted mean annual nonoutpatient costs per person. Results Participants were 72 587 Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older with (n = 4441) and without (n = 68 146) a glaucoma diagnosis in the year before collection of survey data. Their mean age was 76.9 years, and 43.2% were male. Patients with glaucoma who responded to survey questions on visual disability were stratified into those with (n = 1748) and without (n = 2639) self-reported visual disability. Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma had higher adjusted odds of inpatient hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.39; P P P P = .006), and difficulty walking (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.45; P = .03) compared with those without self-reported visual disability. In the risk-adjusted model, Medicare beneficiaries with glaucoma incurred an additional $2903 (95% CI, $2247-$3558; P P Conclusions and Relevance Glaucoma is associated with greater use of inpatient and home health aide services and with higher annual total and nonoutpatient medical costs. Perception of vision loss among patients with glaucoma may be associated with depression, falls, and difficulty walking. Reducing the prevalence and severity of glaucoma may result in improvements in associated nonglaucomatous medical conditions and resultant reduction in health care costs.
Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse and Risk of Ventricular Dysrhythmias and Death

Dysrhythmias and Death in BiMVPIntroduction Bileaflet mitral valve prolapse (BiMVP) is common among survivors of otherwise unexplained sudden cardiac death, but prognostic implications of BiMVP are unknown. This study evaluated whether patients with BiMVP are at higher risk for ventricular dysrhythmias, ICD placement, or death compared to controls with either single-leaflet mitral valve prolapse (SiMVP) or no mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Methods and Results This retrospective, matched cohort study included 18,786 patients who underwent echocardiography at Mayo Clinic between June 1990 and September 2014. The study included three cohorts: BiMVP, SiMVP, and controls without MVP. We assessed rates of ventricular dysrhythmias, ICD placement, and all-cause mortality between groups. BiMVP was associated with higher rates of ventricular tachycardia compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 1.48 [1.14–1.92], P = 0.003 and 1.40 [1.04–1.88], P = 0.026, respectively); however, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest or ICD placement between groups. BiMVP was associated with a lower rate of all-cause mortality compared to SiMVP and controls (adjusted HR 0.86 [0.79–0.94], P = 0.0008, and 0.55 [0.50–0.60], P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion Although BiMVP is associated with ventricular tachycardia, it is not associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest/ventricular fibrillation or ICD implantation and is, paradoxically, associated with a better survival compared to SiMVP or matched controls. The findings suggest that, despite its association with ventricular tachycardia, BiMVP in the absence of other risk factors does not seem to portend a poor prognosis at the population level.
Effectiveness of Multiple Request Strategies: A Synthesis of Research Results

Foot in the door and door in the face have been cited frequently as effective strategies for gaining compliance with behavioral requests. However, research efforts to confirm these two phenomena ha...
Antibody to human MHC class I inhibits SIV(smm)PBj1.9-induced proliferation of pigtailed macaque lymphocytes

Previously we have shown that the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmmPBj1.9, a molecular clone of SIVsmmPBj14, induces proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We have extended this observation to show that SIVsmmPBj1.9 induces proliferation of PBMC from pigtailed macaques. This proliferative response was markedly inhibited by mAbs against human class I MHC, class II MHC and CD4 antigens, and partially inhibited by mAbs against integrin beta 2 subunit (CD18) and LFA-1 (CD11a). However, these antibodies differed in their ability to inhibit in vitro viral infectivity of PBMC. While anti-CD4, MHC class II, and LFA-1 strongly inhibited viral infectivity, antibodies to MHC class I demonstrated little effect on viral infectivity. A control antibody (PLM2) against porcine CD18 inhibited neither virus-induced proliferation nor viral infectivity. Based on these results, we suggest that SIVsmmPBj1.9-induced proliferation requires the participation of class I MHC, class II MHC and CD4 molecules. In addition, the observation that anti-class I MHC Ab inhibited proliferation of macaque PBMC induced by mitogen (PHA) and bacterial superantigens, such as Staphylococcus enterotoxin A and toxin shock syndrome toxin-1, suggests that SIVsmmPBj1.9 also contains a viral superantigen similar to that previously demonstrated in SIVsmmPBj14.
ASP.NET and SQL Debugging

ASP is just web pages. Those are so simple there shouldn’t even be a need to debug them at all, right? Well, that’s what a lot of people seem to think, at least. ASP scripters never got any respect from “real” developers, who couldn’t get past the reaction, “He’s just writing a web page—how hard could it possibly be?”
Patient Education and Lifestyle Recommendations

The goal of migraine treatment, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, is to prevent future attacks, reduce headache-related disability, and restore normal functioning as quickly as possible. An in-depth overview of pharmacologic treatments is discussed in Chap. 4, and evidence-based nonpharmacologic treatments are reviewed in Chap. 5. This chapter focuses on education and basic lifestyle recommendations that should be part of all migraine treatment plans.
A Conflict of Rights Claims

In innumerable instances every day and in every corner of the globe, religious practices and human wellbeing are in conflict. The opportunity to follow the principles and to observe the rituals of one’s religious tradition is accorded tremendous importance in the international community. States’ constitutions and international covenants codify and protect the possession and expression of religious sentiment. Freedom of religion is widely considered to be a human right.
Where Is Siri? The Accessibility Design Challenges for Enterprise Touchscreen Interfaces

Accessibility design on office products is essential to providing independence and equal employment for people with all abilities. In this paper, we reported findings from a usability evaluation with 12 blind users on the keyboard navigation and voice guidance designs on a Lexmark multifunctional printer. Results of this study indicated that visually impaired users were confused by a number of issues associated with the current design. They expected mature accessibility solutions such as VoiceOver and Siri on the touchscreen devices in workplaces. Design recommendations were proposed to address the usability concerns identified in this study. However, to improve accessibility designs on enterprise products, user experience designers still need to overcome challenges such as supporting users with different disabilities and to cope with constraints from development cost and schedules.
Multi-Channel Viterbi Decoder LSI Development

A multi-channel Viterbi decoder LSI chip has been developed at Harris Corporation, GCSD. This chip, targeted for implementation in SAJI-4 technology, can service up to 50 channels of encoded data at an aggregate channel symbol rate up to 120 KHz. The LSI design includes all decoder functions on-chip except those functions requiring large amounts of memory such as path metric and trellis bit storage. It also provides the capability for external or internal symbol synchronization and includes provisions for handling block formatted data. This paper discusses the development of the CMOS LSI design. Topics include system considerations, design trade-offs and methodologies used for simulation, verification, and testing of the multi-channel Viterbi decoder LSI chip.
Behavioral Interviewing: Integrating ACGME Competency-Based Questions Into the Radiology Resident Selection Process

The practice of radiology is continually evolving with external pressures increasing the involvement of the radiologist as an integrated member of the multidisciplinary care delivery team and not just image interpreters working in isolation. Radiologists need to be comfortable interacting directly with patients and practicing "patient and family-centered care" and "value-based medicine." Despite this evolving role of the radiologist, medical training and the residency selection process have not significantly adapted to accommodate these new demands. In order to develop and hire radiologists who can excel in this role, the selection and interview process must be adapted to prospectively identify those candidates who can thrive in this changing role. Behavior-based interviewing is a tool that can help identify those candidates who may excel in the future.1-3 Though there are reports of it being used in the United States medical schools and residency programs across the nation, it has not become a mainstay for medical residency and professional medical interviewing.
Functionally enhanced brown adipose tissue in Ames dwarf mice

Reduced insulin-like growth factor 1/insulin signaling (IIS) has been linked to extended longevity in species ranging from yeast to mammals. In mammals, this is exemplified in Ames dwarf (Prop1df/df) mice, which have a 40%-60% increase in longevity (males and females, respectively) due to their recessive Prop1 loss-of-function mutation that results in lack of growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin. Our laboratory has previously shown that Ames dwarf mice have functionally unique white adipose tissue (WAT) that improves, rather than impairs, insulin sensitivity. Because GH and thyroid hormone are integral to adipose tissue development and function, we hypothesized that brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Ames dwarf mice may also be functionally unique and/or enhanced. Here, we elaborate on our recent findings, which demonstrate that BAT is functionally enhanced in Ames dwarf mice, and suggest that BAT removal in these mice results in utilization of WAT depots as an energy source. We also discuss how our findings compare to those in other long-lived dwarf mice with altered IIS, which unlike Ames dwarf mice, are essentially euthyroid. Lastly, we provide some insights into the implications of these findings and discuss some of the necessary future work in this area.
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: The Athleteʼs Claudication

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the lower leg can be a disabling condition in active individuals. CECS is characterized by cramping or aching pain of the affected extremity with physical activity, frequently running. Symptoms resolve with rest. Usually, it is bilateral, affecting one or more of the compartments of the lower leg, with findings of increased intracompartmental pressure. Most commonly, the anterior compartment is affected, followed by the lateral compartment. Although recent studies have demonstrated improvements with a change in running style, nonoperative management is generally ineffective in controlling symptoms if the patient continues to engage in the inciting activity. An elective fasciotomy of the affected compartment either through a medial (deep and superficial posterior compartments) or lateral incision (anterior and lateral compartments) may provide relief to the affected individuals. Proper patient selection for surgical management increases the likelihood of success, with relief of symptoms upon return to sport or recreation. Patients are usually able to return to or exceed preoperation activity levels with decreased pain. However, the rate of positive outcomes is significantly lower than those for other elective orthopaedic operations. Evidence varies regarding success rates, recurrence of symptoms, and return to activity. Approximately 75% of patients are satisfied with their outcome upon return to their pre-CECS level of activity and would do it all over again. The incidence of postoperative complications is up to 15% in athletes and military personnel.
A five-year analysis of the New Investigator Award mechanism of the Department of Defense (DOD) Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) Prostate Cancer Research Program (PCRP)

4068 Background: Congress has appropriated $565 million (M) for the PCRP from fiscal year 1997 through 2004 (FY97-04). The PCRP has disbursed those funds via a two-step peer-reviewed process recommended by the Institute of Medicine using multiple funding award mechanisms. One of these mechanisms, the New Investigator Award (NIA), was designed to draw new researchers into the field of prostate cancer. The NIA funded independent investigators within 6 years of fellowship or postdoctoral positions at a level of $225,000/year over a performance period of up to 3 years. Preliminary data were not required for these proposals but there was an emphasis on innovative ideas and technology. Design: This assessment was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the NIA mechanism at selecting and retaining talented young investigators for Prostate Cancer Research and in leveraging funds. For these awardees, publications and subsequent funding were used as a measure of success. A single year was selected and a detailed analysis was performed for all NIA awardees from FY99. Data were obtained from the CDMRP and publicly accessible (PubMed, National Institutes of Health [NIH] CRISP, etc.) databases. Results: In the 5-year period (FY99-FY03), 981 New Investigator Award applications were received, and 203 were funded for a 20.7% funding rate. Five-year follow-up of all New Investigator Award recipients from 1999 (n=45) revealed that 40 (89%) are still active in prostate cancer research based on current research grants and publications. Ninety-four new extramural grants from the DOD, NIH, American Cancer Society (ACS), Prostate Cancer Foundation (formerly CapCure), or other funding organizations have been received by 36 of the awardees with 45 of these specific to prostate cancer. The $14.3M invested by the DOD PCRP in this award mechanism in FY99 has resulted in $76.0M of additional funding from these other sources. Conclusions: The CDMRP PCRP is significantly contributing to attracting new investigators to the nation’s prostate cancer research effort. The original DOD investment in new investigators resulted in a 5.3-fold increase in subsequent research dollars. This is a strong mechanism for increasing the cadre of new research investigators, many of whom are working in the field of prostate cancer.
A synopsis of the lichenicolous fungi occurring on Phlyctis including description of a new Monodictys widespread on P. speirea

A synopsis of the known lichenicolous fungi associated with Phlyctis is presented that discusses 14 species and includes an identification key. Monodictys phlyctidis is described as new to science and considered host specific on P. speirea in eastern North America.
Routing Magic: Performing Computations Using Routing Networks and Voting Logic on Unary Encoded Data

The binary number representation has dominated digital logic for decades due to its compact storage requirements. However, since the number system is positional, it needs to "unpack»» bits, perform computations, and repack the bits back to binary (\emphe.g., partial products in multiplication).An alternative representation is the unary number system: we use N bits, out of which the first M are 1 and the rest are 0 to represent the value $M/N$. We present a novel method which first converts binary numbers to unary using thermometer encoders, then uses a "scaling network»» followed by voting gates that we call "alternator logic»», followed by an adder tree to convert the numbers back to the binary format. For monotonically increasing functions, the scaling network is all we need, which essentially uses only the routing resources and flip-flops on the FPGA architecture. Our method is especially well-suited to FPGAs due to the abundant availability of routing and FF resources, and for the ability of FPGAs to realize high fanout gates for highly oscillating functions. We compare our method to stochastic computing and to conventional binary implementations on a number of functions, as well as on two common image processing applications. Our method is clearly superior to the conventional binary implementation: our area×delay cost is on average only 3%, 8% and 32% of the binary method for 8-, 10-, and 12-bit resolutions respectively. Compared to stochastic computing, our cost is 6%, 5%, and 8% for those resolutions. The area cost includes conversions from and to the binary format. Our method out performs the conventional binary method on an edge detection algorithm. However, it is not competitive with the binary method on the median filtering application due to the high cost of generating and saving unary representations of the input pixels.
Enhanced Hybridization Sets the Stage for Electronic Nematicity in CeRhIn 5

High magnetic fields induce a pronounced in-plane electronic anisotropy in the tetragonal antiferromagnetic metal ${\mathrm{CeRhIn}}_{5}$ at ${H}^{*}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}$ for fields $\ensuremath{\simeq}20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ off the $c$ axis. Here we investigate the response of the underlying crystal lattice in magnetic fields to 45 T via high-resolution dilatometry. At low fields, a finite magnetic field component in the tetragonal $ab$ plane explicitly breaks the tetragonal (${C}_{4}$) symmetry of the lattice revealing a finite nematic susceptibility. A modest $a$-axis expansion at ${H}^{*}$ hence marks the crossover to a fluctuating nematic phase with large nematic susceptibility. Magnetostriction quantum oscillations confirm a Fermi surface change at ${H}^{*}$ with the emergence of new orbits. By analyzing the field-induced change in the crystal-field ground state, we conclude that the in-plane Ce $4f$ hybridization is enhanced at ${H}^{*}$, in agreement with the in-plane lattice expansion. We argue that the nematic behavior observed in this prototypical heavy-fermion material is of electronic origin, and is driven by the hybridization between $4f$ and conduction electrons which carries the $f$-electron anisotropy to the Fermi surface.
In Reply: Management of a Previously Coiled Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm in a Child: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

We present the case of an 11-yr-old male who originally presented to an outside hospital with subarachnoid hemorrhage. He was discovered at that time to have a ruptured right A1-A2 junction anterior cerebral artery aneurysm just proximal to the anterior communicating artery. He underwent endovascular coiling at the outside center. While recovering at a rehabilitation center, he had a rehemorrhage and acute neurological decline. He was transferred to our service, where he underwent surgical exploration and clip reconstruction of what appeared to be a pseudoaneurysm. After a frontotemporal exposure, the right A1 segment was identified at the carotid bifurcation and followed medially. The aneurysm was significantly larger than on the original angiogram and the wall of the aneurysm was extraordinarily thin, consistent with a pseudoaneurysm. A small portion of the gyrus rectus was removed to expose the A2 segments and the remainder of the large, partially thrombosed and coiled sac of the aneurysm. Thrombus and the previously placed coils were removed in a piecemeal fashion. Two fenestrated clips were used to reconstruct the right A1, with the blades used to bring together normal tissue on the ventral surface to create a new lumen. A Doppler ultrasound was used to insunate both A1s and A2s to confirm patency. Intraoperative cerebral angiogram showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm and excellent reconstruction of the anterior cerebral complex.The patient did very well and was neurologically intact on discharge.All appropriate patient consents were obtained for this submission.
shinySDM: Point and click species distribution modeling

The focus of this research work is to address the difficulties involved in creating visualizations for species distribution modeling. We focus on two aspects of this problem: running models for predicting the likelihood of outbreak locations and testing the significance of the models generated. To improve this process, this work develops a web application which allows researchers to upload their data, create informative and interactive visualizations, and run desired models in addition to testing their significance. Such an application empowers researchers without any programming experience to both generate complex models and interpret results quickly and effectively. This paper will focus on maximum entropy modeling as the example modeling technique by providing an example run using data on vaccine-preventable diseases.
A Missing Data Paradox for Nearest Neighbor Recommender Systems

Recommender systems typically work over sparse matrices. Although most methods assume so, these matrices' entries are often not missing at random (NMAR). How problematic is this? We present a puzzle. Some methods explicitly account for NMAR processes. This has been shown to improve predictions. Many methods, however, assume that entries are missing at random (MAR). While they may be wrong in that assumption, we show they may benefit nonetheless from its being violated. Given that some data must go missing, NMAR can often pick the "right" values to preserve (i.e. it preserves the more informative data). Thus despite the perception that NMAR is bad, it can often improve recommendations. This may explain some of the historical success of collaborative filtering even when this assumption has been violated.
Mitosis of type B alveolar cells in the early hyperplastic response to Freund's adjuvant.

Numerous areas of granulomatous inflammation develop in the lungs of rabbits following the intravenous injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA). Within a few days after FCA injection, hyperplasia of type B (type I) alveolar cells is present on the surface of the septa in which an inflammatory reaction is developing. Mitosis of type B cells is detected 12 h after FCA injection and is common over the next 120 h. In addition, there are morphologic changes that are consistent with migration of these cells. The type B cells in mitosis extend across alveolar septa as well as along the alveolar surface. The extension of type B cells through alveolar septa is not limited to cells in mitosis, but is also observed in non-mitotic type B cells. Stimulation of mitosis and hyperplasia of type B cells is discussed in relation to the focal tissue injury and inflammatory response.
The Cites that Counted: A Decade of Bush V Gore Jurisprudence

The Supreme Court tried to specifically limit the holding of Bush v Gore to the instant facts. However, in the decade since the decision, lawyers and judges have repeatedly cited it and some have sought to expand its precedential value for both election and non-election related cases. In short, judges have used the opinion to expand the equal protection analysis of election related claims. While litigants have attempted to push the Bush v Gore analysis into other topic areas, the courts have generally been unwilling to allow it. Finally, because a growing body of litigants point to Bush v Gore as appropriately guiding non-election related questions, it remains to be seen if, in the long run, Bush v Gore will remain a precedent of limited application.
Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production.

Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass, which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their component sugars, can be converted into ethanol through well established fermentation technologies. However, sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the crosslinking structure of the lignocellulose. Hence, pretreatment of biomass is always necessary to remove and/or modify the surrounding matrix of lignin and hemicellulose prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) in the biomass. Pretreatment refers to a process that converts lignocellulosic biomass from its nativ form, in which it is recalcitrant to cellulase enzyme systems, into a form for which cellulose hydrolysis is much more effective. In general, pretreatment methods can be classified into three categories, including physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment. The subject of this paper emphasizes the biomass pretreatment in preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production. It primarily covers the impact of biomass structural and compositional features on the pretreatment, the characteristics of different pretreatment methods, the pretreatment study status, challenges, and future research targets. Keywords: lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment, cellulosic ethanol, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin DOI: 10.3965/j.issn.1934-6344.2009.03.051-068 Citation: Yi Zheng, Zhongli Pan, Ruihong Zhang. Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2009; 2(3): 51
The changing landscape of refactoring research in the last decade: keynote of the 2nd international workshop on API usage and evolution (WAPI'18)

In the last decade refactoring research has seen exponential growth. I will attempt to map this vast landscape and the advances that the community has made by answering questions such as who does what, when, where, why, and how. I will muse on some of the factors contributing to the growth of the field, the adoption of research into industry, and the lessons that we learned along this journey. This will inspire and equip you so that you can make a difference, with people who make a difference, at a time when it makes a difference.
Another Look at WIC's Breastfeeding Data: State Totals Reveal More Than Regional Averages.

Background:Breastfeeding is known to be the most beneficial way of feeding infants, but 68% of the infants enrolled in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program fo...
Deep Learning Imaging through Fully-Flexible Glass-Air Disordered Fiber

We demonstrate a fully flexible, artifact-free, and lensless fiber-based imaging system. For the first time, this system combines image reconstruction by a trained deep neural network with low-loss...
THE SGLT2 INHIBITOR EMPAGLIFLOZIN IMPROVES DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN A HEART FAILURE MODEL MEDIATED VIA ENHANCED MYOCARDIAL KETONE METABOLISM

The SGTL2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa) reduces HF. We have recently demonstrated 1) the mechanism is due to a switch in myocardial metabolism towards ketone bodies (KB) consumption; and 2) KB infusion improves LV systolic function in a porcine HF model. However, there is no information about the
Navegar en el (a)mar: una talasología de los afectos en el «Persiles»

En contraste con el paisaje mayormente deshidratado de Don Quijote , Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda es lo que podria llamarse una novela “humeda”. Gran parte de la Historia setentrional tiene lugar en el mar y la accion narrativa depende estrechamente de la incertidumbre de las fortunas maritimas, sea en aguas del Norte o del Mediterraneo. Aunque la comparacion entre la navegacion y la composicion literaria ha sido un lugar comun desde la Antiguedad, ultimamente los criticos literarios de otras disciplinas se han interesado mucho por lo que se ha acunado «los estudios oceanicos» o «las humanidades azules». Propongo explorar como el mar interviene especificamente en las relaciones afectivas de los personajes del Persiles y como las emociones se nutren de su ambiente nautico. El amor, la tristeza, el miedo y la ansiedad estan ligados intimamente a metaforas e imagineria hidraulica o maritima en la novela. Como analogo exotizado del Mediterraneo que tan bien conocia Cervantes, los mares septentrionales le permitieron experimentar con emociones todavia mas intensas, que a su vez nos invitan a reflexionar sobre como navegar un paisaje o un texto que depende tanto del agua.
RUNX1 deletion/amplification in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature

Intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) is a rare occurrence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We describe here a case of AML with apparent amplification of RUNX1 by cytogenetics and FISH. A 39-year-old female in remission from stage IIIa breast cancer was diagnosed with therapy-related AML (t-AML). The patient's bone marrow was hypocellular for her age (30-40%) with 25% blasts. Cytogenetic analyses revealed a complex karyotype, characterized by rearrangements in chromosomes 1, 5, 17, 20, an additional unidentified marker chromosome, and apparent amplification of chromosome 21. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected deletions of CKS1B, EGR1, TP53, and apparent amplification of RUNX1 (6-8 signals). Array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) detected amplification of the 5' non-coding region of RUNX1 and deletion of the 3' coding region of RUNX1. These results show that this is not a true case of iAMP21 and suggest that RUNX1 is not the primary target of amplification.
Life cycle assessment of California unsweetened almond milk

Plant-based alternatives to dairy milk have grown in popularity over the last decade. Almond milk comprises the largest share of plant-based milk in the US market and, as with so many food products, stakeholders in the supply chain are increasingly interested in understanding the environmental impacts of its production, particularly its carbon footprint and water consumption. This study undertakes a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a California unsweetened almond milk. The scope of this LCA includes the production of almond milk in primary packaging at the factory gate. California produces all US almonds, which are grown under irrigated conditions. Spatially resolved modeling of almond cultivation and primary data collection from one almond milk supply chain were used to develop the LCA model. While the environmental indicators of greatest interest are global warming potential (GWP) and freshwater consumption (FWC), additional impact categories from US EPA’s TRACI assessment method are also calculated. Co-products are accounted for using economic allocation, but mass-based allocation and displacement are also tested to understand the effect of co-product allocation choices on results. The GWP and FWC of one 48 oz. (1.42 L) bottle of unsweetened almond milk are 0.71 kg CO2e and 175 kg of water. A total of 0.39 kg CO2e (or 55%) of the GWP is attributable to the almond milk, with the remainder attributable to packaging. Almond cultivation alone is responsible for 95% of the FWC (167 kg H2O), because of irrigation water demand. Total primary energy consumption (TPE) is estimated at 14.8 MJ. The 48 oz. (1.42 L) PET bottle containing the almond milk is the single largest contributor to TPE (42%) and GWP (35%). Using recycled PET instead of virgin PET for the bottle considerably reduces all impact indicators except for eutrophication potential. For the supply chain studied here, packaging choices provide the most immediate opportunities for reducing impacts related to GWP and TPE, but would not result in a significant reduction in FWC because irrigation water for almond cultivation is the dominant consumer. To provide context for interpretation, average US dairy milk appears to have about 4.5 times the GWP and 1.8 times the FWC of the studied almond milk on a volumetric basis.
Deep Physical Informed Neural Networks for Metamaterial Design

In this paper, we propose a physical informed neural network approach for designing the electromagnetic metamaterial. The approach can be used to deal with various practical problems such as cloaking, rotators, concentrators, etc. The advantage of this approach is the flexibility that we can deal with not only the continuous parameters but also the piecewise constants. As our best knowledge, there is no other faster and much efficient method to deal with these problems. As a byproduct, we propose a method to solve high frequency Helmholtz equation, which is widely used in physics and engineering. Some benchmark problems have been solved in numerical tests to verify our method.
A renewed call to queer sport psychology

We write this article to promote (again) integrating inclusive excellence and social justice to queer sport psychology. We advocate for the interrogation of the functionalist, hegemonic masculinist...
Deep Disadvantage, Blameworthiness, and Sentencing

Arguments in favor of a “social adversity” or “rotten social background” defense are substantially stronger than those against. People disagree in principle whether an affirmative defense of deep disadvantage, paralleling the insanity defense, should be recognized and whether judges should routinely mitigate the severity of sentences imposed on deeply disadvantaged offenders. The defense should be recognized. It would be unlikely often to result in acquittals but it would strengthen many defendants’ positions in plea negotiations. Mitigation of punishment should be routine. Few credible arguments can be made that a deeply disadvantaged background is not a material characteristic that should be taken into account in sentencing. Unfortunately, informal mitigation of punishments is not enough. The severity and rigidity of American sentencing laws often deny judges the necessary authority. The moral challenges presented by deeply disadvantaged offenders cannot adequately be addressed without creation of a new affirmative defense.
The Concept of Legal Uncertainty

There is a great deal of theoretical literature on the causes and consequences of legal uncertainty. However, there has been virtually no empirical analysis of these issues, perhaps on account of the absence of rigorously defined yet practical measures of legal uncertainty. This article defines several different kinds of legal uncertainty in ways that correspond to well-recognized concepts such as risk and ambiguity and shows how survey data can be used to construct measures of those forms of legal uncertainty.
Early Multicenter Experience With the Neuroform Atlas Stent: Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy.

Background The Neuroform Atlas stent™ (by Stryker, Fremont, California) represents the most recent widely available upgrade to intracranial stenting, providing a laser cut open cell stent with a diameter of 3.0 to 4.5 mm that is delivered through an 0.017-inch microcatheter. Objective To report our initial multicenter experience of the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of the Atlas stent used for treating aneurysms, as well as one case of intracranial stenosis and one carotid artery dissection as well as other pathologies. Methods A retrospective multicenter study of subjects treated with Atlas stent during the period 2018 to 2019. Results The total number of patients included in our analysis was 71 patients. The stent was utilized to treat 69 aneurysm cases. Of the aneurysms, 36% presented with acute rupture and 56% of the ruptured aneurysms were high grade. Mean aneurysm dimension was 7 mm with an average neck width of 4.1 mm. Around 30% had received prior treatment. Telescoping or Y-stent was used in 16% of cases. We did not observe any symptomatic major complications in our series. Asymptomatic major complications were seen in 7 patients (10.1%); technical complications occurred in 4.3%. Immediate modified Raymond-Roy-occlusion-outcome class I/II was observed in 87%, and this increased to 97.7% at latest follow-up, which was at 4 mo; 91.8% of patients achieved favorable clinical outcome, and mortality rate was 1.4%. Conclusion Our series demonstrates the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the Atlas stent. The low complication rate and the high obliteration rate managing complex aneurysms, even in an acute ruptured setting, are notable.