cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tethered Bis-Amidinates as Supporting Ligands: A Concerted Elimination/σ-π Rearrangement Reaction Forming an Unusual Titanium Arene Complex.

A 1,4-cyclohexadiene dianion resonance structure makes a significant contribution to the structure of the (arene)Ti complex [LTi(η6 -PhCH3 )] (see picture on the right). Labeling experiments have demonstrated that the structure forms through an unusual elimination/σ-π rearrangement reaction in which [LTi(CH2 Ph)2 ] reacts readily with hydrogen; the use of the cyclohexane-linked bis-amidinate ligand L with constrained geometry makes the transformation possible.
Assessing the validity of EMS data

Variation in the assessment of basic clinical data gathered by emergency medical technicians and emergency department nurses was studied. Prior to testing, precise definitions, categories and procedures were developed and tolerance limits for the quantitative variables were created. Each participant evaluated four consecutive patients simultaneously with another evaluator setting the standard. The results indicate that the error rate is low to moderate for the different variables. For the quantitative variables, the error rate is over 20% and, when an error does occur, it is often very large. This indicates a need for ongoing emphasis on accurate measurement and, in cases where highly accurate data is essential, the use of multiple observers.
Self-inflicted traumatic macroglossia

Macroglossia is a potentially life-threatening problem. The multiple aetiologies responsible for this condition include cysts, tumours, amyloidosis, angioedema, and infections. Although injuries to the oral cavity are common, self-inflicted traumatic macroglossia is not common. We report a case of a comatose patient with limb contractures and severe trismus who developed entrapment of the tongue with progressive macroglossia and near auto-amputation of the tongue. The importance of early recognition and treatment of tongue entrapment in comatose patients is emphasised since this is a potentially reversible condition.
Intra-His Bundle Block Complicating Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction

The unexpected findings of atrioventricular block or delay in the His bundle and proximal branches are described in a 51-year-old man with acute inferior myocardial infarction with narrow QRS complexes. With the information from the His bundle electrogram, the site of atrioventricular block is precisely localized.
The role of age of acquisition and word frequency in reading: Evidence from eye fixation durations

Over the past several decades, many researchers have examined how a word's age of acquisition (AoA) contributes to word recognition. Most of these studies, however, have used word-in-isolation experiments. At the same time, many studies have utilized eye tracking techniques to investigate the word frequency effect during reading. The present experiments sought to tie these two types of research together by investigating the influence of AoA and frequency on word processing. Specifically, eye movements were recorded as participants read sentences. The first experiment orthogonally manipulated frequency and AoA. In Experiment 2, participants read sentences that contained target words that varied in AoA but were controlled on various measures of word frequency. The same participants also read sentences containing high and low frequency words that were controlled on AoA. Results from these two experiments converged to demonstrate that both frequency and AoA affect eye fixation durations during sentence reading.
Response to Reviewers of At Home in the World

This is a response to the reviewers of my book At Home in the World: A Study in Psychoanalysis, Religion, and Art (Capps 2013).
Methionine inhibition of thienamycin formation

Methionine interference in the formation of thienamycin byStreptomyces cattleya is due, to a major extent, to inhibition of enzyme activity.
An analysis of water resources constraints on power plant siting in the mid-atlantic states

: Expansion of the electrical generation system in the Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland power pool will impact, and be constrained by, inland water availability. Future interpretations of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 regarding evaporative cooling towers for coastal power plants, offshore siting and energy centers, and the policies and public acceptability of low flow augmentation reservoirs are some of the issues examined in this paper using scenarios generated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Regional Energy Facility Siting Model (REFS). REFS is a multicommodity, transshipment-location linear programming model used here to allocate power plants among counties in a power pool under a minimization of cost objectives. The solutions are sensitive to the water resources assumptions in the model. For the year 2000, the amount of low flow augmentation allowed in the region's river basins and whether off-shore siting becomes a reality are the two water resources related issues which most affect the scenarios. The results show that decisions regarding specific water problems can have region wide implications for water and nonwater related issues.
Vacuum-ultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics

Frequency combs have revolutionized frequency metrology. High-harmonic generation in atoms has led to fast sources of short-wavelength photons. Combining these two technologies enables the transfer of frequency combs to the vacuum-ultraviolet with potential applications in spectroscopy.
Study on Mechanism of Molybdenum Concentrate Roasting

Thermo gravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the thermo-gravimetric behavior and the exothermicity of molybdenum concentrate roasting. Roasting reaction mechanism of molybdenum concentrate was concluded with the double extrapolated method. Data processing and fitting was constructed with the integral methods of Costs-Redfern and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and roasting reaction kinetic parameters were proposed. The results showed that roasting reaction process of weight loss was divided into four stages, namely preheated drying stage, diffusion stage, rapid reaction stage and deep oxidation stage respectively. The heat released from the oxidation reaction mostly concentrated in the rapid reaction stage, the main product of this stage was MoO2, and the activation energy was 227.7kJ/mol. The main product of deep oxidation stage was MoO3. When the temperature was about 600°C, the formation rate of MoO3 was maximum, less heat released at this stage and the activation energy was 163.2kJ/mol.
POSSIBLE IMPACT SPHERULES FROM NEAR THE BASE OF THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS

Angular fragments of a greyish-white chertlike rock containing numerous sand-size spherules believed to be of impact origin have been found in northern Illinois. These fragments, many as large as a man's fist, are recognizable in the field by the presence in them of conspicuous rounded cavities which were probably bubbles. Most have been picked up as float in the bottoms of ravines, but it is clear that they come from near the base of the St. Peter sandstone and that they were already fragments when incorporated in this formation.
Loss of Cardiolipin Leads to Perturbation of Mitochondrial and Cellular Iron Homeostasis

Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, where it is synthesized locally and plays a critical role in mitochondrial bioenergetic functions. The importance of CL in human health is underscored by the observation that perturbation of CL biosynthesis causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome. To fully understand the cellular response to the loss of CL, we carried out genome-wide expression profiling of the yeast CL mutant crd1Δ. Our results show that the loss of CL in this mutant leads to increased expression of iron uptake genes accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial iron and increased sensitivity to iron and hydrogen peroxide. Previous studies have shown that increased mitochondrial iron levels result from perturbations in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis. Consistent with an Fe-S defect, deletion of ISU1, one of two ISU genes that encode the mitochondrial Fe-S scaffolding protein essential for the synthesis of Fe-S clusters, led to synthetic growth defects with the crd1Δ mutant. We further show that crd1Δ cells have reduced activities of mitochondrial Fe-S enzymes (aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase), as well as cytosolic Fe-S enzymes (sulfite reductase and isopropylmalate isomerase). Increased expression of ATM1 or YAP1 did not rescue the Fe-S defects in crd1Δ. These findings show for the first time that CL is required for Fe-S biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial and cellular iron homeostasis.
Dependent Coverage Provision Led To Uneven Insurance Gains And Unchanged Mortality Rates In Young Adult Trauma Patients

Insurance coverage has increased among young adults as a result of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provision that allows young adults to remain covered under their parents’ plans until age twenty-six. However, little is known about the provision’s effects on the clinical outcomes and insurance coverage of patients with trauma—the most frequent cause of death and physical disability among young adults. Using 2007–12 data from the National Trauma Data Bank, we conducted a difference-in-differences analysis of coverage rates among trauma patients ages 19–25 (compared to patients ages 26–34, who served as the control group), and we examined trauma-relevant outcomes by patient, injury, and hospital characteristics. We found a 3.4-percentage-point decrease in uninsurance status among younger trauma patients following the policy change. The decrease was concentrated among men, non-Hispanic whites, those with relatively less severe injuries, and those who presented to nonteaching hospitals. We did not detect signif...
Scaling analysis of in-plane and perpendicular anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions using a physics-based model

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the scalability of STT-MRAM based on various MTJ technologies: namely, in-plane MTJ (IMTJ), crystal perpendicular MTJ (c-PMTJ), and interface perpendicular MTJ (i-PMTJ). For a practical analysis, our simulation model captures key physics of STT switching in various MTJs by incorporating dimension-dependent effective anisotropy field (H Keff ) into the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation and considering realistic material parameters.
Behavioral intervention with and without family support for rheumatoid arthritis

This investigation evaluated two cognitive behavioral interventions, one of which involved a contingent model of family support, in the management of pain and other symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These conditions were compared with an education with family support group and a no-treatment group on measures of pain, disease activity, and psychological status over a six-week treatment period and a two-month follow-up. The behavioral interventions demonstrated significantly greater improvement in joint exam pain at follow-up, and reduced swelling severity and number of swollen joints at posttreatment and follow-up when contrasted with the two control conditions. The behavioral intervention with family support was superior to all other conditions combined on swelling measures at posttreatment, but did not differ from the behavior therapy without family group at follow-up. The results provide evidence for the effectiveness of brief behavioral interventions in reducing RA disease activity, and demonstrate the potential usefulness of including family members in pain treatment using a behavioral framework.
Au-delà des morphologies fusiformes et sacciformes : un nouvel index quantitatif de tortuosité peut aider à classer la forme des anévrysmes et à prédire leur potentiel de rupture

Alors que les anevrysmes de l'aorte abdominale (AAA) sacciformes sont consideres comme davantage enclins a la rupture que les anevrysmes fusiformes, les tentatives pour valider cette observation ont ete limitees par l'incapacite de definir quantitativement la forme tridimensionnelle d'une aorte. Un modele quantitatif tridimensionnel de forme pourrait permettre de distinguer les differentes formes et etre utile pour identifier les anevrysmes a risque de rupture. Les donnees tridimensionnelles d'AAA ont ete generees a partir d'images tomodensitometriques (TDM) chez 15 malades ayant des petits anevrysmes (≤ 5,5 cm de diametre transversal maximum). La ligne centrale a ete utilisee pour construire une classification morphologique basee sur la projection orthogonale de la ligne centrale suivant son axe. L'etendue et la direction des deviations individuelles ont ete quantifiees comme des zones du plan de projection pour creer une classification morphologique. Une analyse en groupes hierarchiques a ete utilisee pour verifier les differentes classes de forme. Un index de tortuosite a ete calcule en fonction de la projection de la ligne centrale. La forme de l'AAA a ete calculee comme un index de tortuosite et classee en differentes classes de tortuosite tridimensionnelle minime ou importante. La presence d'un thrombus pouvait modifier l'index de tortuosite ou la classification morphologique de l'anevrysme. Chez plusieurs malades ayant des TDM repetees, l'index de tortuosite a change au cours du temps et a ete correle a la rupture. Chez trois AAA qui se sont rompus, la tortuosite moyenne a augmente de 29 % alors que le diametre transversal moyen augmentait de 3,3 %. Les AAA en expansion developpent des formes specifiques quantifiables qui peuvent etre exprimees sous la forme d'un index quantitatif de tortuosite qui peut etre interessant pour etudier leur histoire naturelle. Les caracteristiques tridimensionnelles de ce modele de forme fournissent un element nouveau et sans doute interessant cliniquement par rapport au diametre maximum transversal. Des etudes plus larges sont necessaires pour correler l'index de tortuosite avec les modeles proposes et la capacite de prevenir la rupture d'anevrysme.
An operation-control scheme for authorization in computer systems

The access-control authorization scheme, which is being used for the protection of operating systems, is found to be inadequate in other areas, such as in databases and information systems. A new authorization scheme, which is a natural extension of access control, is proposed. The new scheme, which is called “operation control,” is shown to be superior to the accesscontrol scheme in a number of ways. In particular, it facilitates more natural and efficient representations of policies, particularly the type of complex policies that appear in information systems, it facilitates enforcement by compile-time validation due to a greater stability of authority states, and it reduces the need for revocation.
Design and implementation of a new engineering mathematics course

Mathematics education is an essential part of every engineering curriculum. The question of how much math should be included in an engineering curriculum is under discussion and the mathematics content has come under closer scrutiny with the aim of teaching engineers mathematical topics that have close practical relevance to their discipline at a time when those topics are most needed. This article discusses research that has led to the development of a new mathematics course that combines topics needed for better engineering studies. The course position within the curriculum is selected to provide just-in-time teaching to optimize effectiveness in engineering education.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Exocyclic Alkenes by Cu-Catalyzed Allylmagnesiation, Pd-Catalyzed Alkylation, and Ru-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)- and (E)-γ-Bisabolenes

Highly efficient stereoselective syntheses of both (Z)- and (E)-γ-bisabolenes (1) were achieved by ring closing metathesis of stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkenes. Both (Z)- and (E)-tetrasubstituted alkene precursors were obtained by Cu-catalyzed stereoselective addition of allylmagnesium bromide to propargyl alcohols, followed by Pd-catalyzed cross coupling of alkylzinc derivatives. This represents the first application of ring-closing metathesis to the stereoselective synthesis of exocyclic alkenes.
The Corporate Immune System: Governance from the Inside Out

The “Corporate Immune System” (CIS) is an outgrowth of an evolutionary trend reflecting firms’ adaptation to challenges including growing corporate complexity, threats to corporate value, and political compromise. Similar to biological immune systems, corporations have adopted a range of internal mechanisms to ward off threats. The CIS performs an internal regulatory function that lowers monitoring costs for government regulators through internal mechanisms such as a monitoring board, compliance and risk management systems, compensation, and an enhanced chief legal officer (CLO) role. It complements external corporate governance strategies: shareholder empowerment, markets, litigation, gatekeepers, and top-­down public regulation. Today’s corporate boards are much more informed, organized, skilled, and accountable than their historical antecedents. Although far from perfect, they continue to evolve and improve. The CIS, recognizing the potential of collaborative inside‐out reforms in the corporate arena is, on balance, a promising development. But this trend also raises concerns that merit further discussion.
Confirmation of a cryptic unbalanced translocation using whole chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization.

We report on a 7-year-old boy with minor anomalies, growth retardation, and developmental delay with an initial 46,XY,der(18)t(18;?)(q23;?) chromosome constitution. To determine the origin of the additional chromosome segment, several candidate regions were identified including 4q and 18q. Clinical comparison showed more similarities to individuals with partial dup(4q) than to those with a dup(18q). Whole chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to demonstrate the correct origin of the translocated region, clarifying the karyotype as 46,XY,der(18)t(4;18) (q28.2;q22.2), thus generating information of clinical importance. This illustrates the use of whole chromosome FISH to identify chromosome regions that cannot be determined conclusively using standard cytogenetic banding techniques. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conversion of xylose to ethanol under aerobic conditions by Candida tropicalis

Candida tropicalis converts xylose to ethanol under aerobic, but not anaerobic, conditions. Ethanol production lags behind growth and is accelerated by increased aeration. Adding xylose to active cultures stimulates ethanol production as does serial subculture in a medium containing xylose as a sole carbon source.
Anxiety symptoms and functional impairment: A systematic review of the correlation between the two measures

Researchers and clinicians assume a strong, positive correlation between anxiety symptoms and functional impairment. That assumption may be well-justified since diagnostic criteria typically include functional impairment. Still, the relationship remains largely unavailable in any systematic review. Our aim with this paper was to provide empirical evidence for this assumed relationship and to document the observed correlations between anxiety symptom measures and functional impairment measures. Correlations existed for symptoms of six anxiety disorders (Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) across four functional domains (global, social, occupational, and physical). Overall, the mean of 497 correlations across all disorders and functional domains was modest (r=.34); since the variability between disorders and functional domains tended to be rather large, we explored these correlations further. We presented these results and the potential explanations for unexpected findings along with the clinical and research implications.
Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement of Juvenile Yellow Perch Fed the Maximum Cystine Replacement Value for Methionine

We conducted three separate experiments designed to determine the dietary methionine requirement, ability of cyst(e)ine to spare methionine, and the total sulfur amino acid requirement (TSAA) of juvenile yellow perch when fed the maximal amount of cyst(e)ine. The purified basal diet used in each experiment contained 33.6 g of crude protein/100 g diet and 12.0 g of lipid/100 g diet. In the first experiment, L-methionine was added to eight diets providing methionine concentrations ranging from 0.37 to 1.77 g/100 g diet in gradations of 0.2 g/100 g diet. Diets were fed for 12 wk to juvenile yellow perch initially weighing 4.7 g/fish. Broken-line analyses of weight gain and feed efficiency data indicated that the dietary methionine requirement was 1.0 g/100 g diet (3.1 g TSAA/100 g dietary protein) and 1.1 g/100 g diet (3.4 g TSAA/100 g dietary protein), respectively. In the second experiment, various ratios of L-cyst(e)ine and L-methionine were added to the basal diet and fed for 12 wk to determine the cyst(e)ine replacement value of yellow perch initially weighing 19.3 g/fish. Weight gain and feed efficiency (FE) data indicated that cyst(e)ine spared up to 51% of the methionine requirement. In the final experiment, graded levels of cyst(e)ine plus methionine in a ratio of 51:49 were added to the basal diet in gradations of 0.1 g/100 g diet (0.5 to 1.2 g TSAA/100 g diet) to determine the dietary total sulfur amino acid requirement. Diets were fed to satiation for 10 wk to fish initially weighing 8.1 g. Broken-line analyses of weight gain, feed intake and FE data indicated that the dietary TSAA requirement was 0.85, 0.87 and 1.0 g of TSAA/100 g diet (2.5 to 3.0 g of TSAA/100 g of dietary protein), respectively. The majority of dietary TSAA requirements of fish are in the range of 2 to 4 g/100 g of dietary protein and are generally similar to those of both birds and swine, but lower than estimates for rodents.
Mutations in the Sixth Transmembrane Domain of P-Glycoprotein that Alter the Pattern of Cross-resistance Also Alter Sensitivity to Cyclosporin A Reversal

The expression of a P-glycoprotein (Pgp1) cDNA encoding two amino acid substitutions in the sixth transmembrane domain of the protein (G338A339 to A338P339) confers a unique cross-resistance profile that displays preferential resistance to actinomycin D and diminished resistance to colchicine and daunorubicin. We report here that this multidrug-resistant phenotype is also insensitive to reversal by cyclosporin A (CsA) but not verapamil (VRP). However, the ability of VRP to increase the accumulation of [3H]vincristine is poor in both wild-type and mutant transfectants. In contrast, the accumulation of [3H]vincristine in wild-type versus mutant transfectants in the presence of CsA is dramatically increased. It is the substitution of the alanine residue at position 339 with proline that is primarily responsible for the lowered sensitivity to CsA and for the altered drug accumulation levels. Both substitutions are required to confer the unique cross-resistance profile of the double mutant, although each independently confers a specific profile of its own. These results indicate that alterations in Pgp1 structure can differentially affect the activity of CsA and VRP to mediate drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells and support the conclusion that the sixth transmembrane domain of the Pgp1 transporter plays important roles, in both the specificity of drug efflux and the sensitivity of the transporter to reversal agents.
The Qualitative Foundations of Political Science Methodology

The last decade has seen a contentious dialogue between quantitative and qualitative scholars over the nature of political science methodology. Even so, there has often been a consensus that quantitative and qualitative research share a “unified logic of inference;” that the differences between these “traditions are only stylistic and are methodologically and substantively unimportant.” All of the books under review here share these convictions. Yet the most remarkable feature of these works taken as a whole —and the focus of this review essay—is the more capacious view of the scientific enterprise on display. John Gerring's Social Science Methodology, David Collier and Henry Brady's Rethinking Social Inquiry, and Charles Ragin's Fuzzy-Set Social Science all focus on aspects of the scientific process beyond the testing of hypotheses—science being “a systematic, rigorous, evidence-based, generalizing, nonsubjective, and cumulative” way of discovering the truth about the world (Gerring, p. xv). If science is the systematic gathering of knowledge, testing hypotheses—the central concern of statistical inference—is an important part of this. But it is only one part. Before we can turn to testing hypotheses, we must be clear about concepts, theories, and cases. And here both Barbara Geddes's Paradigms and Sand Castles and the Elmans' Bridges and Boundaries complement the other works by attending closely to these issues even when the larger goal remains the testing of theory.George Thomas is assistant professor of political science at Williams College (gthomas@williams.edu). The author thanks the anonymous reviewers for Perspectives on Politics, Mark Blyth, Brian Taylor, and, especially, Craig Thomas for helpful comments.
Child Maltreatment Prevention Priorities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Division of Violence Prevention at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control has had a long-standing interest in the prevention of child maltreatment. The nation's public health agency, CDC, seeks to focus the public health perspective on the problem of child maltreatment and to promote science-based practice in the field. Since 1999, CDC has developed research priorities to address the prevention of child maltreatment. Described here is a brief rationale for applying a public health approach to child maltreatment and a discussion of the priority-setting process, priorities in each of four areas of the public health model, and some of CDC's current child maltreatment prevention activities.
Differentiation and proliferation in Barrett's esophagus and the effects of acid suppression

Abstract Background & Aims: Maintenance of normal epithelial differentiation and proliferation is an important goal in cancer chemoprevention. Because acid has a dynamic effect on cell proliferation/differentiation of Barrett's esophagus (BE) ex vivo, we investigated the relationship between differentiation, proliferation, and dysplasia in BE biopsy specimens and explored the role of normalization of intraesophageal pH in altering the BE phenotype. Methods: Endoscopic biopsy specimens of BE (with or without dysplasia) were analyzed for (1) villin, a differentiation marker, by immunoblotting; (2) proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a proliferation marker, by immunohistochemistry; and (3) dysplasia by histology before and after 6 months of normalization of intraesophageal pH (confirmed by 24-hour pH monitoring) with lansoprazole. Results: At baseline, there was a negative correlation ( r = −0.79) between villin and PCNA expression. Six months later, PCNA expression decreased and villin expression increased ( P Conclusions: In BE, there is an inverse relationship between villin and PCNA. In turn, dysplasia is unrelated to villin expression and well correlated with PCNA expression. Complete symptom eradication with lansoprazole does not guarantee normalization of intraesophageal pH profile in BE patients. Effective intraesophageal acid suppression favors differentiation and decreases proliferation. The intriguing possibility that acid suppression can be used to prevent dysplasia remains to be explored.
CFD Optimization of a Theoretical Minimum-Drag Body

This article describes a methodology behind coupling a fast, parabolized Navier-Stokes flow solver to a nonlinear constrained optimizer. The design parameters, constraints, grid refinement, behavior of the optimizer, and flow physics related to the CFD calculations are discussed. Pressure drag reduction in the supersonic regime of a theoretical minimum-drag body of revolution is performed. Careful selection of design variables allows the optimization process to improve the aerodynamic performance. A calculation including nonlinear and viscous effects produces a different minimum drag geometry than linear theory and results in a drag reduction of approximately 4%. Effect of grid density on the optimization process is also studied. In order to obtain accurate optimization results, CFD calculations must model physical phenomena that contribute to the optimization parameters. OR the past two decades, many different approaches have been developed to design aircraft with better aerodynamic performance.1 Some of these techniques fall into the general category of inverse design methods.2-3 The quality of the opti- mized shape obtained from this method depends on the distri- bution, usually pressure, it is required to match. Therefore, this approach depends on the knowledge of the designer to establish a desirable optimum. In addition, the inverse method does not lend itself to the imposition of constraints. A different approach is called shape perturbation method.4~6 In this method, an anal- ysis code is coupled with a numerical optimizer to find a shape that optimizes the objective function. This method may be com- putationally expensive because of the gradient evaluations, which require CFD calculations. Recently, intelligent methods such as the one-shot method7-8 and the control-based method9 have merged that yield rapid convergence to the design shape. Un- fortunately, these two methods make use of the governing equa- tions of the CFD code; therefore, receding is needed for dif- ferent objective functions, boundary conditions, and flow solvers. The methods cannot immediately take advantage of existing validated analysis codes that have already been developed. A shape perturbation method is chosen for optimization in the present study. An efficient CFD flow solver is coupled with an optimizer for use as a tool in aerodynamic design. Careful selection of design variables allows fast convergence in the optimization process and yields improvements in aero- dynamic performance. The present method takes advantage of a Fourier sine series that defines the original body. The Fourier coefficients are convenient, physically relevant design variables for the problem studied here. As a test case, the Haack-Adams10"12 (H-A) theoretical minimum-drag body of revolution is chosen. The H-A body is selected in this study because it is a classic aerodynamics problem for which validating experimental data13 are avail- able. Because of its simple geometry, running large numbers of cases in a grid refinement study is still relatively inexpen- sive. Since the geometry ends in a finite base, it is particularly
Patient-Focused Sedation and Analgesia in the ICU

Patient-focused sedation and analgesia in the ICU encompasses a strategy of comprehensive structured management that matches initial evaluation, monitoring, medication selection, and the use of protocols with patient characteristics and needs. This is best accomplished through interdisciplinary management by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. An early consideration is that of the potential predisposing and precipitating factors, as well as prior sedative or analgesic use, factors that may influence pharmacologic and supportive therapy. Frequent monitoring with validated tools improves communication among clinicians and plays an important role in detecting and treating pain and agitation while avoiding excessive or prolonged sedation. Patient-focused management encompasses selecting medications best suited to patient characteristics, including the presence of organ dysfunction that may influence drug metabolism or excessive risk for side effects. The use of protocols to optimize drug therapy has emerged as a key component of management, resulting in reductions in the duration of sedation, mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay demonstrated with strategies to titrate medications to specific targets, daily interruption of sedation, intermittent rather than continuous therapy, and analgesia-based therapy. While much attention is paid to the initiation and maintenance of therapy, greater emphasis must be placed on careful de-escalation of therapy in order to avoid analgesic or sedative withdrawal. Finally, more work is needed to explore the relationship of critical illness and sedation management with long-term psychological outcomes.
The Importance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System in Epithelium Traversal Depends upon Conditions of Host Susceptibility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is invasive or cytotoxic to host cells, depending on the type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors encoded. While the T3SS is known to be involved in disease in vivo, how it participates remains to be clarified. Here, mouse models of superficial epithelial injury (tissue paper blotting with EGTA treatment) and immunocompromise (MyD88 deficiency) were used to study the contribution of the T3SS transcriptional activator ExsA to epithelial traversal. Corneas of excised eyeballs were inoculated with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing PAO1 or isogenic exsA mutants for 6 h ex vivo before bacterial traversal and epithelial thickness were quantified by using imaging. In the blotting-EGTA model, exsA mutants were defective in capacity for traversal. Accordingly, an ∼16-fold variability in exsA expression among PAO1 isolates from three sources correlated with epithelial loss. In contrast, MyD88-/- epithelia remained susceptible to P. aeruginosa traversal despite exsA mutation. Epithelial lysates from MyD88-/- mice had reduced antimicrobial activity compared to those from wild-type mice with and without prior antigen challenge, particularly 30- to 100-kDa fractions, for which mass spectrometry revealed multiple differences, including (i) lower baseline levels of histones, tubulin, and lumican and (ii) reduced glutathione S-transferase, annexin, and dermatopontin, after antigen challenge. Thus, the importance of ExsA in epithelial traversal by invasive P. aeruginosa depends on the compromise enabling susceptibility, suggesting that strategies for preventing infection will need to extend beyond targeting the T3SS. The data also highlight the importance of mimicking conditions allowing susceptibility in animal models and the need to monitor variability among bacterial isolates from different sources, even for the same strain.
Mesh generation for confined fusion plasma simulation

XGC1 and M3D-C1 are two fusion plasma simulation codes being developed at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. XGC1 uses the particle-in-cell method to simulate gyrokinetic neoclassical physics and turbulence (Chang et al. Phys Plasmas 16(5):056108, 2009; Ku et al. Nucl Fusion 49:115021, 2009; Admas et al. J Phys 180(1):012036, 2009). M3D-$$C^1$$C1 solves the two-fluid resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations with the $$C^1$$C1 finite elements (Jardin J comput phys 200(1):133---152, 2004; Jardin et al. J comput Phys 226(2):2146---2174, 2007; Ferraro and Jardin J comput Phys 228(20):7742---7770, 2009; Jardin J comput Phys 231(3):832---838, 2012; Jardin et al. Comput Sci Discov 5(1):014002, 2012; Ferraro et al. Sci Discov Adv Comput, 2012; Ferraro et al. International sherwood fusion theory conference, 2014). This paper presents the software tools and libraries that were combined to form the geometry and automatic meshing procedures for these codes. Specific consideration has been given to satisfy the mesh configuration and element shape quality constraints of XGC1 and M3D-$$C^1$$C1.
Population Pharmacokinetics Study of a New Humanized Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody AME-133v (LY2469298) in Patients with Previously Treated Follicular Lymphoma (FL)

Abstract 4982 Background: AME-133v is a humanized monoclonal antibody that was engineered to have increased affinity to CD20 and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) better than rituximab in vitro. The safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of AME-133v were assessed in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL). The objective of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of AME-133v in the target patient population. Methods: 5 dose levels of AME-133v (2, 7.5, 30, 100, and 375 mg/m2) were tested in a total of 67 patients with previously treated CD20+ FL. AME-133v was administered intravenously in four weekly infusions. Blood samples were obtained pre-dose and 1, 3–5 days after infusion 1, pre-dose and post-dose during infusions 2, 3 and 4, and 1, 5 and 9 weeks after infusion 4. The PK database (399 data points) collected from the patients was analyzed by using the nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM) program. A number of covariates including demographic characteristics and the FcγRIIIa receptor genotype were evaluated for their influence on the AME-133v population PK parameters. Results: Owing to serum concentrations values falling below the limit of detection, the 2 mg/m2 dose group was not included in the analysis. The basic model selected was a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination. However, a different typical value had to be determined for CL in each dose group. The typical values of V1, Q and V2 were 2.99 L, 0.94 L/day, and 3.31 L, respectively. The typical value for CL was 0.70, 0.53, 0.26, 0.27 L/day-1 for 7.5, 30, 100 and 375 mg/m2, respectively, which indicates a linearization of the elimination rate of AME-133v at doses of 100 mg/m2 and above. Inter-individual variability was moderate to high with CVs of 45.9, 34.1 and 50.0% on CL, V1 and V2, respectively. The only covariate found to influence the PK of AME-133v was BSA which explained 9.6% of the variability observed on V1. The form of the FcγRIIIa receptor was not found to have a significant effect on the PK of AME-133v. Conclusions: The PK of AME-133v were best described by a 2-compartment model. Clearance was found to be dose-dependent with a linearization of the elimination rate at doses of 100 mg/m2 and above. BSA has a statistically significant influence on V1 whereas the FcγRIIIa genotype does not seem to influence the disposition of AME-133v. Disclosures: Cronier:Eli Lilly and Comany: Employment, Equity Ownership. Off Label Use: AME-133v is an investigational agent. Radtke:Eli Lilly and Comany: Employment, Equity Ownership. Wooldridge:Eli Lilly and Company: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Too noisy for toddlers

Given the pervasive nature of handheld devices such as tablets and cell phones, exposure to a cacophony of conversations, music, and random beeping, pinging, and ringing, is an integral part of our daily experience. Although some take pride in their ability to engage in cognitive multitasking, a new study by Niemitalo-Haapola et al . suggests that such activities might be for adults only. The authors evaluated the effects of background noise on how the brain processes speech sounds in typically developing toddlers. Spurred on by previous findings in adults and school-age children showing that background noise affects how the brain encodes and distinguishes speech, the investigators tested 18 monolingual children with healthy ears who were between 22 and 26 months of age. The children were presented with a series of standard syllables interspersed with an unexpected, or deviant, syllable in the presence or absence of background noise. To understand how the brain processes speech, researchers placed a host of electrodes on the scalp of each toddler and obtained electroencephalograms (EEGs) from the subjects under a variety of conditions. The EEG electrodes detected the combined electrical activity of brain cells, called event-related potentials, in response to linguistic sequences. The findings revealed multiple effects of background noise on event-related potentials, indicating that the cacophony affects early stages of sound-encoding—the process by which the human brain receives sound as a sensation and maps it to perception—and hinders the brain’s ability to discriminate among sounds that are critical for accurate speech perception. These observations suggest that noise adversely affects speech processing in toddlers. Given that toddlers may be exposed to noisy conditions for long periods in daycare settings, special attention should be given to ensuring that acoustic conditions are managed, especially for children with linguistic problems who might be more adversely affected. The current study measured only EEG signals that resulted right after presentation of the speech+noise regimen. Considering how crucial communication is in most career settings, it will be important to investigate whether stunting of linguistic development by a noisy early childhood has long-term detrimental effects. E. Niemitalo-Haapola et al ., Background noise degrades central auditory processing in toddlers. Ear Hear . 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000192 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://journals.lww.com/ear-hearing/Abstract/publishahead/Background_Noise_Degrades_Central_Auditory.99303.aspx
Optimal Insurance With Prevention and Multiple Health Goods

This paper reexamines the efficiency-based arguments for optimal health insurance, extending the classic analysis to consider optimal prevention, multiple treatment goods, and multiple periods. We demonstrate that it is always desirable to offer at least some insurance coverage for preventive care because individual consumers will ignore the impact of their preventive care on the health premium. Using a utility-based framework, we reconfirm the conventional tradeoff between risk aversion and moral hazard for insuring treatment goods. Uncompensated health losses that reduce effective income provide a new efficiency-based argument for generous insurance, and correlated errors and gross subtitutes are also shown to reduce optimal cost shares on treatment. In a multiperiod model savings complicate the optimal insurance rules but positively serially correlated errors generally imply improved coverage is desirable.
Alignment of Educational and Occupational Expectations Influences on Young Adult Educational Attainment, Income, and Underemployment*

Objective Educational and occupational ambitions are on the rise for adolescents in the United States and there is a national push for more postsecondary education. However, most young adults do not hold bachelor's degrees and many jobs do not require them. The objectives of this study were to focus on the need for aligned expectations and the longitudinal effect on educational attainment, personal income, and underemployment. Methods The methods used the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) to examine how aligned expectations in 12th grade predict educational attainment, income, and underemployment at age 26. Results Results suggest aligned expectations in adolescence are predictive of educational attainment. Contrary to authors’ hypotheses, aligned expectations do not influence personal income or underemployment. Gender analyses revealed differences in the importance of aligned expectations. Conclusion In conclusion, the alignment process during high school will be important for future research focused on postsecondary educational goals.
Folded Plate Structures of Light Gage Steel

Paper utilizes newly developed information relative to performance of light gage steel shear diaphragms for developing folded plate structural form to obtain new type of structure suitable for long spans; simple design theory is presented, and tests of full sized prototype structure are described.
Nano-Engineered Spacing in Graphene Sheets for Hydrogen Storage

Thermally exfoliated graphene (TEG) sheets were functionalized and cross-linked by in situ diazonium reactions in super acids. The degree of functionalization was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compared with the original TEG material, the functionalized TEGs show improved hydrogen uptake capacities, which could be attributed to the proppant effect of the grafted functional groups and charge transfer between the sulfonic addends and the graphene sheets. This method provides a possible route to further increase the hydrogen storage capacity of graphene materials by cross-linking and nanospace engineering.
Seasonal Dry Weight Composition in Grasshopper Diets on Colorado Herbland

Microscopic examination of crop contents was used to determine the diet dry-weight composition and food preferences of adults of Aeropedellus clavatus (Thomas), Xanthippus corallipes Haldeman, and Circotettix rabula Relm & Hebard from a ponderosa pine bunch-grass community in northern Colorado. Grasses and sedges comprised about 97% of the diet of A. clavatus. Grasses and grasslikes comprised about 86% of the diet of X. corallipes while forbs supplied about 12%. The diet of C. rabula consisted of about 80% forbs and 14% grasses or sedges. A seasonal change in the diet and food preference occurred during the adult instar of the species studied. Insect parts and fungi were common minor constituents in the grasshopper diets.
Low Temperature Oxidation of PTSI on As-Doped Si

PtSi on As-doped polysilicon oxidizes rapidly at temperatures as low as 500 °C. The resulting SiO 2 -PtSi and PtSi-polysilicon interfaces are very rough. Silicide inclusions are present in the oxide, probably due to differences in oxidation rate between different PtSi grains. The presence of some inclusions near the SiO 2 surface suggests that PtSi dissociates during oxidation. Rapid oxidation does not occur for PtSi on B or P-doped polysilicon, or for As concentrations of 1×10 20 cm −3 or less.
A PDE-Based Mesh Update Method for Moving and Deforming High Reynolds Number Meshes

The Navier equation governing classical linear elastostatics is used as the basis for a mesh update method applicable to flow simulations involving moving and deforming bodyfitted high Reynolds number meshes. A modified form of the equation is presented that produces higher quality meshes compared to the unmodified equation and extends the range of flow problems where deforming body-fitted meshes can be successfully employed. Two modifications to the Navier equation are presented. The first modification addresses shear distortion in the mesh while the second modification addresses size distortion. An attractive feature of the method is that the basic governing equation involves terms that are identical to terms in the compressible Navier-Stokes equation and can be readily implemented using an existing Navier-Stokes discretization as a template. Edge formulas are presented for a vertex-centered finite volume implementation of the method. A near wall node blanking procedure is adopted as an ad hoc approach to resolving a numerical pathology that arises with high aspect ratio cells with sliding boundary conditions. Several two-dimensional model problems are used to demonstrate the role of the various terms in the modified equation as well as demonstrate the efficacy of the method in a variety of situations. The method is then applied to the case of the biomimetic swimming robot, RoboTurtle, where complex geometry combined with large three-dimensional motion demonstrates the limits of the approach. Finally, the method is applied to the case of a Wigley hull form to demonstrate it’s applicability to high Reynolds number free surface flows via an interface tracking procedure.
A Flexible Relational Database Design Imitate with the XML Technology

In traditional relational database design there is a problem:when the data model changed,we have to change the database design too.In order to overcome this problem,we design a relational database imitate with the XML technology,especially the document structure and data organizing method,make the relational database flexible and expansible,make it easier to transform data format to each other with XML document,and make it more adaptive to technical requirements of object-oriented.