cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A vertical stereotaxic approach to auditory cortex in the unanesthetized monkey

Abstract A procedure is described for chronic single-unit recording from monkey auditory cortex. The cortex is approached in a vertical stereotaxic plane and subsequent histology is performed on tissue sections made in the same plane. The procedure maximizes the probability of locating and identifying auditory cortical areas during the chronic unit recording sessions and of identifying individual electrode tracks in subsequent histologic examination. Average stereotaxic coordinates for the center of area A1 are A-P +5, M-L 17.5 and D-V +20, but variation of ±5 mm can occur across subjects. The superior temporal plane is sloped at an angle of about 30° in the A-P dimension but is relatively flat in the M-L dimension. Microelectrode penetrations made with this procedure were found, on the average, to terminate within 0.7 mm of the intended site. Procedures for improving this accuracy and for identifying closely-spaced penetrations are discussed.
The Linear Interaction Energy Method for the Prediction of Protein Stability Changes Upon Mutation

The coupling of protein energetics and sequence changes is a critical aspect of computational protein design, as well as for the understanding of protein evolution, human disease, and drug resistance. In order to study the molecular basis for this coupling, computational tools must be sufficiently accurate and computationally inexpensive enough to handle large amounts of sequence data. We have developed a computational approach based on the linear interaction energy (LIE) approximation to predict the changes in the free energy of the native state induced by a single mutation. This approach was applied to a set of 822 mutations in 10 proteins which resulted in an average unsigned error of 0.82 kcal/mol and a correlation coefficient of 0.72 between the calculated and experimental ΔΔG values. The method is able to accurately identify destabilizing hot spot mutations however it has difficulty in distinguishing between stabilizing and destabilizing mutations due to the distribution of stability changes for the set of mutations used to parameterize the model. In addition, the model also performs quite well in initial tests on a small set of double mutations. Based on these promising results, we can begin to examine the relationship between protein stability and fitness, correlated mutations, and drug resistance.
Detection of Bacteroides fragilis Infection by Precipitin Antibody

Ultrasonic extracts of three subspecies of Bacteroides fragilis were used to detect precipitating antibody against B. fragilis in Ouchterlony plates. Sera of 12 patients with bacteremia due to B. fragilis and of nine patients in whom B. fragilis was isolated from loculated pus were studied. Sera from 50% of bacteremic patients and from 44% of patients with abscesses formed precipitins with one or more extracts of B. fragilis. Sera from five of eight patients with lung abscesses formed precipitins with extracts of B. fragilis. Sera of 20 normal persons formed no precipitins with these extracts. Sera of 20 hospitalized patients infected with aerobic gram-negative organisms formed precipitins with ultrasonic extracts from homologous organisms but did not form precipitins with the extracts of B. fragilis.
The rate of growth of worker, drone, and queen larvae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linn

The growth rate of honeybee larvae was determined by weighing larvae individually or in groups at definite age intervals from hatching till maximum size was reached.
Sex Determination in Southern Alligator Lizards (Elgaria multicarinata; Anguidae)

Abstract: Sex in many reptiles is determined by temperature during development (temperature-dependent sex determination; TSD) rather than by an individual's genotype (genotypic sex determination; GSD). TSD has numerous ecological and evolutionary implications, and whether or not species display TSD is of conservation concern because substantial habitat and climate change have the potential to skew sex ratios. It is therefore important to describe the means by which sex is determined in reptile species. To date, the sex determination mechanism is not known for any species within the Anguidae, a diverse lizard family that is globally distributed. I used controlled incubation experiments to test the hypothesis that Southern Alligator Lizards (Elgaria multicarinata) display TSD. Offspring sex was assessed by direct examination of the gonads after incubation in one of five constant-temperature treatments (24°, 26°, 28°, 30°, and 32°C). Developmental temperature did not affect offspring sex, indicating that E....
Hydrogen peroxide-producing NADH oxidase (nox-1) from Lactococcus lactis

Abstract We have successfully applied the sequence comparison-based approach to develop a novel hydrogen peroxide-forming NADH oxidase (nox-1) from Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) that reduces oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The nox-1 gene (AhpF) was isolated from genomic L. lactis DNA by PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET32. The His-tagged protein was overexpressed at 20 °C after induction with 167 μM IPTG, and purified by Co2+-IMAC. After purification, nox-1 was found to be an apo-protein, so we reconstituted the holo-flavoenzyme with FAD cofactor, finding a 1:1 stoichiometry of FAD and nox-1 subunit and a KM value of 54 μM. The maximum specific activity of 15 U/mg protein compares favorably to other nox-1 enzymes in the literature. While both products, NAD+ and H2O2, inhibit nox-1, the enzyme seems rather robust in presence of moderate H2O2 concentrations. Titration of H2O2 formed with Amplex Red demonstrates that only half of the electrons from NADH go to H2O2.
An ontological multi-agent system for web services

This paper discusses how ontology helps Web information processing in a multi-agent system to provide better Web services. We propose the ontology-supported solution integration and proxy techniques for Web information processing, which not only helps the user find out proper, integrated query results in accordance with his/her proficiency level or satisfaction degree, i.e., user-oriented solution, but supports proxy access of query solutions through a multi-agent system with a four-tier solution finding process. Our experiment shows around 79.1% of the user queries can be answered by Proxy Agent for solution application, leaving about 20.9% of the queries for the information preparation of Answerer Agent to take care, which not only can effectively alleviate the overloading problem that usually associated with a backend server, but can improve precision rate and produce better query solutions.
A Note on Correction of Information Time in a Survival Trial Using an Alpha Spending Function

Spending functions allow flexible monitoring of a clinical trial in that neither the number nor timing of the interim analyses need be pre-specified. Instead, we specify a function dictating the amount of alpha to be spent by different fractions of information. With a survival outcome, information is proportional to the number of patients who will have an event by the end of the trial. If the initial estimate of the number of events is incorrect, then we will spend an undesirable amount of alpha at interim looks. This note shows that for the most popular spending functions, which spend very little alpha early, we can fix an underestimate of the final information with very little effect on the boundaries.
Coronary Vascular and Antiplatelet Effects of Peroxynitrite in Human Tissues

The present study investigated the interrelationship between nitric oxide and its intermediate degradation product, peroxynitrite, on reactivity of isolated human coronary arteries and washed human platelets. Ninety-one ring segments of human coronary arteries, with minimal intimal proliferation, were isolated from 9 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation. All vessels were pretreated with 5 μM indomethacin and precontracted with 0.5-1 μM prostaglandin F2α. Addition of 0.01-300 μM peroxynitrite produced a rapid and dose-dependent relaxation similar to that observed with isolated canine coronary arteries. The IC50 of peroxynitrite induced relaxation was 3.2 ± 0.3 μM. Superoxide dismutase (SOD, 100 u/ml) enhanced, while hemoglobin (3 μM) inhibited, the observed relaxation and changed the IC50 to 0.5 ± 0.1 μM and 63 ± 9.4 μM, respectively. In washed human platelets, addition of 1-100 μM peroxynitrite by itself did not produce any direct effect on platelets, but resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition ...
Targeted Metabolomics of Physaria fendleri, an Industrial Crop Producing Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Physaria fendleri (syn. Lesquerella) is a Brassicaceae producing lesquerolic acid, a highly valued hydroxy fatty acid that could be used for several industrial applications, such as cosmetics, lubricating greases, paints, plastics and biofuels. Free of toxins, Physaria oil is an attractive alternative to imported castor (Ricinus communis) oil, and is hence on the verge of commercialization. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that lesquerolic acid was synthesized and accumulated in the embryos, reaching 60% (w/w) of the total fatty acids. The sequential extraction and characterization of biomass compounds revealed that Physaria embryo metabolism switched from protein to fatty acid biosynthesis between 18 and 24 days post-anthesis (DPA). In order to unravel the metabolic pathways involved in fatty acid synthesis, a targeted metabolomics study was conducted on Physaria embryos at different stages of development. For this purpose, two novel high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods were developed and validated to quantify sugars, sugar alcohols and amino acids. Specificity was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring, and the limits of quantification were in the pmole-fmole range. The comparative metabolomic study underlined that: (i) the majority of the metabolites accumulate in Physaria embryos between 18 and 27 DPA; (ii) the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, the tricarboxilic acid cycle and the anaplerotic pathway drain a substantial amount of carbon; and (iii) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate is present, which specifically indicates that the Calvin cycle is occurring. The importance and the relevance of these findings regarding fatty acid synthesis were discussed.
OD's and DT's: using movies to teach intoxication and withdrawal syndromes to medical students.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether second-year medical students believed that the use of movies helped them to learn about intoxication and withdrawal syndromes. Methods: A videotape was made by transferring clips of various commercially available films as well as clips from several television news shows and a training film displaying intoxication and withdrawal syndromes. Students attending the lecture were asked to complete a brief, anonymous questionnaire following the lecture. Results: More than 90% of the 89 respondents believed that the clips helped them to recognize these syndromes and appreciate their potential severity. All students believed that the movie clips would help them remember the syndromes, with greater than 90% reporting that it would help very much. Conclusions: The use of movie clips appears to be a useful tool in teaching medical students about intoxication and withdrawal syndromes seen with various substances of abuse.
Finite group theory for large systems. 3. Symmetry-generation of reduced matrix elements for icosahedral C(20) and C(60) molecules.

This paper uses symmetry-generation to simplify the determination of Hamiltonian reduced matrix elements. It is part of a series on using computers to apply finite group theory to quantum mechanical calculations on large systems. Symmetry-generation is an expression of the whole molecule as a sum of symmetry transformations on a smaller reference structure. Then on a suitably-conditioned symmetry-adapted basis, the reduced matrix elements of the Hamiltonian are averages of certain elements of the simpler reference structure matrix. The smaller the reference structure, the greater is the computational savings. Single atom reference structures are used here for the Huckel treatment of icosahedral C(20) and C(60) fullerenes. The analytical power of this approach is illustrated by determining the two bond lengths of C(60) from spectral data.
A neural network learning algorithm for adaptive principal component extraction (APEX)

The problem of the recursive computation of the principal components of a vector stochastic process is discussed. The applications of this problem arise in modeling of control systems, high-resolution spectrum analysis, image data compression, motion estimation, etc. An algorithm called APEX which can recursively compute the principal components using a linear neural network is proposed. The algorithm is recursive and adaptive: given the first m-1 principal components, it can produce the mth component iteratively. The numerical theoretical basis of the fast convergence of the APEX algorithm is given, and its computational advantages over previously proposed methods are demonstrated. Extension to extracting constrained principal components using APEX is also discussed. >
Blood Dyscrasias in Patients Using Methazolamide (Neptazane) for Glaucoma

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used in the treatment of glaucoma are rarely associated with blood dyscrasias. Several case reports of aplastic anemia with use of acetazolamide, and two cases with use of methazolamide, have appeared in the literature. This report documents two cases of aplastic anemia, at least one of which was almost certainly induced by the use of methazolamide, one case of agranulocytosis, and two cases of neutropenia related to the use of methazolamide. In each case several weeks to months elapsed between initiation of therapy and onset of reaction. This suggests that changes in patients' general medical condition should be continually monitored when using these drugs.
Response of B-6 vitamers in plasma, erythrocytes and tissues to vitamin B-6 depletion and repletion in the rat.

We determined the response patterns of B- 6 vitamers in blood and tissues to vitamin B-6 depletion and repletion. B-6 vitamers were measured in plasma, erythrocytes, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, brain, spleen and lung by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatog- raphy in male rats pair-fed control or vitamin B-6-deflcient diets for 2 or 4 wk, or for 4 wk followed by 1 wk of repletion with the control diet (n = 4/group). Food intake (15.6 Â± 0.3 g/d, mean Â±SEM;n = 28) and body weight (190 Â± 2 and 290 Â±5 g at wk 0 and 5, respectively; n = 28) of control groups were not different from those of deficient groups throughout the study. After 2 wk of vitamin B-6 depletion, tissue concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP) were about 50% and 10â€"40% lower, respectively, in the deficient than in the control group (except for spleen PMP); in plasma and erythrocytes, PLP and pyridoxal concentrations were about 90% lower in the deficient group. Differences in vitamer concentrations between control and deficient groups were not larger after 4 wk of depletion than after 2 wk. Vitamer concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes and all tissues re turned to control levels after 1 wk of repletion with the control diet. These results demonstrate that B-6 vitamers in blood and tissues of the rat respond quickly and re- versibly to changes in dietary vitamin B-6, with larger per centage changes occurring in plasma and erythrocytes than in tissues. J. Nutr. 119: 1940-1948, 1989.
Validation of a Sun Exposure Questionnaire Among Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Residing in South Florida

To validate a sun exposure questionnaire against objective measures of change in skin color and to assess its validity in predicting 25(OH)D in a sample of African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. Ninety subjects were enrolled. The sun exposure score was calculated by multiplying the time spent outdoors times the skin exposed score. Skin color was determined by reflectance colorimetry. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D, skin exposure score and stomach skin color was evaluated by a multi-linear regression model. The unadjusted model showed that skin exposure score (P = 0.037), and stomach skin color (P = 0.021) were associated with serum 25(OH)D. This relationship remained significant only for stomach skin color (P = 0.020) after controlling for covariates. It may be possible that the color of the skin is a better predictor of 25(OH)D in this particular population than sun exposure behaviors.
Developing Entrepreneurial Leaders

The value and importance of entrepreneurial leadership in education, unlike other facets of educational leadership, is very context-dependent and is also closely associated with individual personality attributes. As a consequence, development of entrepreneurial leadership requires at least as much attention to the current context of schooling systems and to the aptitudes of educators as to the curricula of entrepreneurial leadership development. Those two entrepreneur-relevant features are examined here and their implications for leadership development discussed.
Changes in the Chemistry of the Oceans: The Pattern of Effects

The changes in the chemistry of the oceans reported by Dr. Goldberg can be expected to reduce the structure of plant and animal communities according to well-known patterns. The changes in structure will be similar to those observed under conditions of accelerated eutrophication in fresh water lakes. One of the most conspicuous changes involves loss of highly specialized top carnivores; there are ample signs that avian carnivores are disappearing now from oceanic communities. The present losses are due to accumulations of persistent toxic compounds, especially DDT. Evidence suggests that at current rates of use DDT residues will continue to accumulate in the next decades to levels 2 to 3 times current levels, affecting even oceanic fisheries.
Natriuretic and diuretic effects of infusion of atrial natriuretic factor in conscious dogs

We studied the effects of 30-min infusions of the synthetic 25-amino acid atrial natriuretic factor [ANF-(102-126)] and the 28-amino acid ANF-(99-126) at 0.1 and 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 on urine flow rate, sodium excretion, and arterial pressure in conscious dogs. Each dose was administered on a separate day following a 1-h stabilization period. We also compared the effects of 60-min infusions of ANF, 0.01 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, or water infusion on separate days in conscious dogs. Arterial pressure was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion, reaching statistical significance at a dose of 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. During the 0.01-micrograms.kg-1.min-1 infusion, the plasma concentration of ANF rose approximately threefold (from 68 +/- 7 to 207 +/- 14 pg/ml), with no change in urine flow rate, sodium excretion, or arterial pressure. At a dose of 0.1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, urine flow increased (P less than 0.05) by 0.41 +/- 0.15 ml/min, and sodium excretion rose by 72 +/- 24 mu eq/min, but not significantly, whereas plasma ANF levels rose to 1,236 +/- 229 pg/ml. At the highest dose of ANF (0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) urine flow rose by 0.62 +/- 0.16 ml/min, P less than 0.05, and sodium excretion rose by 139 +/- 30 mu eq/min, P less than 0.05, whereas plasma levels of ANF rose to 2,436 +/- 320 pg/ml. In contrast, volume loading with dextran increased urine flow by 3.5 +/- 1.3 ml/min, P less than 0.05, and sodium excretion by 439 +/- 147 mu eq/min, P less than 0.05, whereas ANF rose to only 320 +/- 69 pg/ml. These results suggest that, in the conscious dog, ANF does not cause significant diuretic or natriuretic effects until plasma levels are markedly above those observed in physiological conditions. A possible explanation for the difference between this and previous studies is that the renal effects of ANF, at physiological plasma levels, are indirect and thus dependent on autonomic and hormonal (angiotensin, vasopressin, and aldosterone levels) factors governing the renal function of the animal.
Rubella virus: growth characteristics and stability of infectious virus and complement-fixing antigen.

SummaryThe developments of infectious virus (extracellular and intracellular) and the specific CF antigen of rubella virus were studied in a continuous line of rabbit kidney tissue culture cells. The thermal stability and effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the virus and the CF antigen were also examined. During initial virus synthesis, intracellular infec-tivity titers were consistently higher than the extracellular titers. Intracellular infectivity reached a peak titer of 6.8 log10/0.1 ml at 48 hours after infection, after which it fell slightly and leveled off. Extracellular virus infectivity did not reach its peak titer of 5.8 log10/0.1 ml until 12 hours after infection, and remained stable until termination of the experiment. Rubella CF antigen was first detected 48 hours after infection and reached a maximum titer at 72 hours, followed by a sharp decrease. This decrease in titer was attributed to a probable stop in synthesis of the antigen by the infected cells, and thermal in-activation. Thermal a...
GENE FLOW IN GROUND BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) OF DIFFERING HABITAT PREFERENCE AND FLIGHT-WING DEVELOPMENT.

Estimates of gene flow vary 100-fold among five carabid species, ranging from the winged lowland subtropical Agonum elongatulum to the flightless montane temperate Platynus angustatus. Results based on Wright's (1943) FST method, and Slatkin's (1981) graphical and (1 985a) private-allele methods are concordant. Genetic heterogeneity, measured by Wright's FST, is not correlated with degree of flight-wing development; one fully winged species exhibits heter- ogeneity of the same order as a vestigially winged species. Genetic heterogeneity is positively correlated with the average elevation of collection sites for these species. Lower levels of gene flow associated with greater genetic subdivision may occur in upland areas because of habitat frag- mentation (due to topographic diversity) and habitat persistence (leading to a lower extinction rate for populations). In at least one species, the distribution of stable infraspecific polymorphisms indicates that the high estimate of present-day gene flow is likely to be due to historical gene flow and not to present-day conditions.
Capillary-Induced Crack Healing between Surfaces of Nanoscale Roughness

Capillary forces are important in nature (granular materials, insect locomotion) and in technology (disk drives, adhesion). Although well studied in equilibrium state, the dynamics of capillary formation merit further investigation. Here, we show that microcantilever crack healing experiments are a viable experimental technique for investigating the influence of capillary nucleation on crack healing between rough surfaces. The average crack healing velocity, v, between clean hydrophilic polycrystalline silicon surfaces of nanoscale roughness is measured. A plot of v versus energy release rate, G, reveals log–linear behavior, while the slope |d[log(v)]/dG| decreases with increasing relative humidity. A simplified interface model that accounts for the nucleation time of water bridges by an activated process is developed to gain insight into the crack healing trends. This methodology enables us to gain insight into capillary bridge dynamics, with a goal of attaining a predictive capability for this import...
A Cascade of Champions: A Qualitative Study about the MA-CORD Media Competition Implementation.

A media competition was part of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) Study. Criss et al., previously outlined the development and implementation of the competition, including variation in reach and adoption of the intervention across schools and afterschool programs. In this qualitative study, we examine community, provider, and organizational factors that explain the variation of media competition reach in school and afterschool programs, and describe the awareness of the media competition across other community sectors. Durlak and DuPre’s ecological framework for understanding effective implementation provided the theoretical underpinnings for this study. Fifty-four key informant interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed. Organizational capacity of committed teachers/staff and adaptability of the media competition seemed to be drivers for higher reach within school and afterschool programs. Salient themes that emerged as facilitators of effective implementation were having a cascade of champions and providing opportunity to participate in the media competition outside traditional class time. Clinics and coalitions were identified as additional sectors aware of the media competition. Specifically, our findings offer a new perspective on intervention design and a recommended direction for further study.
Patient Access to Online Radiology Reports: Frequency and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Use.

Rationale and Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the frequency with which patients viewed their online radiology reports in relation to clinical and laboratory notes and identify sociodemographic factors associated with report viewing. Method and Materials We conducted a cross-sectional study of 129,419 patients who had online patient portal access in our large health system in 2014. We determined whether patients viewed their radiology reports, laboratory reports, and clinical notes. We also collected patient sociodemographic information including gender, age, primary spoken language, race/ethnicity, and insurance status. We performed multivariate analyses to determine significant associations between viewing of radiology reports and viewing of other types of clinical reports and patient characteristics. Results Of 61,131 patients with at least one radiology report available, 31,308 (51.2%) viewed them. Patients who also viewed laboratory reports or clinical notes were significantly more likely to view their radiology reports (P Conclusion More than half of patients with access to online radiology reports viewed them, with higher viewing rates associated with viewing other types of reports and lower rates associated with characteristics of traditionally underserved patient populations.
Grid-enabled ensemble subsurface modeling

Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) uses a randomized ensemble of subsurface models for performance estimation. However, the complexity of geological models and the requirement of a large number of simulation runs make routine applications extremely difficult due to expensive computation cost. Grid computing technologies provide a cost-efficient way to combine geographically distributed computing resources to solve large-scale data and computation intensive problems. We design and implement a grid-enabled EnKF solution to ill-posed model inversion problems for subsurface modeling. It has been integrated into the ResGrid, a problem solving environment aimed at managing distributed computing resources and conducting subsurface-related modeling studies. Two use cases in reservoir studies indicate that the enhanced ResGrid efficiently performs EnKF inversions to obtain relatively accurate, uncertainty-ware predictions on reservoir production. This grid-enabled EnKF solution is also being applied for data assimilation of large-scale groundwater hydrology nonlinear models.
The Evolution of Colour Scanner Technology

AbstractPredictions of the nucleation-and-growth model of latent-image formation are discussed with regard to the fraction of latenl-subimage grains expected under various experimental situations. Detecting these subimage grains under practical conditions with low-intensity post-exposure light latensification usually involves correcting for fog induced by the post exposure. Two procedures for correcting this fog (one due to Farnell, Jenkins, and Solman; the other due to Burton) are analyzed. The Burton correction is shown to be the proper way to correct for post-exposure fog. Recent light-latensification experiments by Attridge on Kodak Blue Brand x-ray emulsion utilized the Farnell-Jenkins-Solman correction. These data arc reanalyzed using the Burton correction, showing a maximum sensitivity increase upon latensification of-0.25 log E. This result is in excellent agreement with the predictions of the nucleation-and-growlh model for Atlridge’s experimental conditions.
0384: WS Influence of first calving date on stayability in Bos indicus crossbred cows

Longevity is one of the most important, complex, and difficult to improve traits sought by cow-calf producers. Consequently, a measurement or tool that could be utilized early in a cow's life to predict her future reproductive performance would be advantageous to producers and researchers alike. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of first calving season period on stayability in Nellore-crossbred females through 5 yr, 6 yr, and 7 yr of age. Stayability through each age was scored as a binary trait, with 1 indicating the cow remained in the herd and 0 indicating she was culled, given either a perfect calving or weaning record. Each female was assigned a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4 corresponding to the respective 21-d period of her first calving season (for first, second, or third 21-d period, or > 63 d, respectively). Cow stayability models were evaluated through mixed model procedures (PROC MIXED in SAS). Of the cows with perfect calving records, more (P < 0.05) females that calved in the first 21-d period remained in the herd than those that calved in the second 21-d period through 5 yr (66.9% vs. 53.6%), 6 yr (60.0% vs. 45.9%), and 7 yr of age (56.7% vs. 39.3%). They also differed (P < 0.005) from females whose first calf was born 63 d or later into the calving season through ages 5 (66.9% vs. 36.0%), 6 (60.0% vs. 29.5%), and 7 (56.7% vs. 27.2%). Of the cows with a perfect weaning record, more (P < 0.05) of the females that calved in the first 21-d period of the calving season remained in the herd through 5 yr (56.1% vs. 31.0%) and 6 yr of age (48.3% vs. 26.0%) than heifers whose calf was born at the end of the calving season. These results document that regardless of the culling criteria, Bos indicus crossbred heifers that calve early in their first calving season are more likely to maintain a perfect calving or weaning record later in life than females that calve late in the first calving season. Consequently, there is potential that the heifer's first calving season period may be used as valuation or culling criteria when selecting for stayability and longevity, or when merchandizing beef replacements.
Kidney outcomes three years after bariatric surgery in severely obese adolescents

A significant number of severely obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery have evidence of early kidney damage. To determine if kidney injury is reversible following bariatric surgery, we investigated renal outcomes in the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery cohort, a prospective multicenter study of 242 severely obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery. Primary outcomes of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated preoperatively and up to 3 years following bariatric surgery. At surgery, mean age of participants was 17 years and median body mass index (BMI) was 51 kg/m 2 . In those with decreased kidney function at baseline (eGFR under 90 mL/min/1.73m 2 ), mean eGFR significantly improved from 76 to 102 mL/min/1.73m 2 at three-year follow-up. Similarly, participants with albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g and more) at baseline demonstrated significant improvement following surgery: geometric mean of ACR was 74 mg/g at baseline and decreased to 17 mg/g at three years. Those with normal renal function and no albuminuria at baseline remained stable throughout the study period. Among individuals with a BMI of 40 kg/m 2 and more at follow-up, increased BMI was associated with significantly lower eGFR, while no association was observed in those with a BMI under 40 kg/m 2 . In adjusted analysis, eGFR increased by 3.9 mL/min/1.73m 2 for each 10-unit loss of BMI. Early kidney abnormalities improved following bariatric surgery in adolescents with evidence of preoperative kidney disease. Thus, kidney disease should be considered as a selection criteria for bariatric surgery in severely obese adolescents who fail conventional weight management.
JPSSM since the beginning: intellectual cornerstones, knowledge structure, and thematic developments

Bibliometric analyses are applied to 35,975 citations from 721 articles published in the Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, spanning the journal’s first 35 years of existence (1980–2015). For each of three time periods (1980s, 1990s, and 2000s), the sales literature’s most influential article publications are objectively identified. Multidimensional scaling is then used to identify key intellectual themes across time. Based on the citation data, historical developments in the literature regarding (1) relationship marketing, (2) sales force technology, (3) sales force control systems, and (4) salesperson role stress are traced and briefly explored in some article-level depth. Co-citation trends and recently influential papers are used to identify opportunities for future research. Altogether, this paper presents a first-of-its-kind view of sales literature’s intellectual cornerstones, knowledge structure, and thematic developments over 35 years.
Oracle Access Manager Installation

Oracle Internet Directory (OID) has been installed, and is populated with users from Active Directory. You have configured a synchronization process to ensure account information changes in Active Directory are populated to OID. The benefit to this is that all applications that use OID for authentication and role information continually have the latest user information. Fusion Middleware applications and other Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) compatible applications can be configured to authenticate using OID. However, many organizations wish to build on this capability by providing a single sign-on (SSO) environment.
Privacy Issues in Light of Reconnaissance Attacks with Incomplete Information

A reconnaissance attack, in which attackers lure targets into becoming their friends in order to extract victims' sensitive information for sale or use in future attacks, is one of the most dangerous attacks in social networks. The core of this attack lies in intelligently sending friend requests to a small subset of users, called Critical Friending Set (CFS), so that the attacker can evade current defense mechanisms. Motivated by the above, we present a new paradigm to measure OSN vulnerability in light of reconnaissance attacks. Specifically, we introduce a new optimization problem, namely Min-Friending, which identifies a minimum CFS to friend in order to obtain at least Q benefit, in terms of personal information. A significant challenge of this problem is that network information (i.e. who friends with whom) is generally unknown to attackers. In this paper, we show that Min-Friending is inapproximable within a factor of (1 – o(1)) ln Q and present an adaptive algorithm which has a tight performance bound of (1+ln Q) using adaptive stochastic optimization. The key feature of our solution lies in the adaptive method, where partial network topology is revealed during each successful friend request. Thus the decision of sending each friend request is made taking into account observation about the outcomes of past decisions.
Challenges and Opportunities in Native GPU Debugging

In this technical session we present the open architectural design of the debugger and how it fits into the OpenCL JIT compilation flow. We demonstrate a show case on how to natively work with the debugger to solve functional bugs, as-well-as low-level debugging techniques on SIMD thread level which help to solve complex issues such as misaligned or out of range accesses to local/global memory, stack overflows, Illegal instructions, etc. Finally, we cover the challenges in debugging.
A rock physics and seismic reservoir characterization study of the Rock Springs Uplift, a carbon dioxide sequestration site in Southwestern Wyoming

Abstract We present a reservoir geophysics study, including rock physics modeling and seismic inversion, of a carbon dioxide sequestration site in Southwestern Wyoming, namely the Rock Springs Uplift, and build a petrophysical model for the potential injection reservoirs for carbon dioxide sequestration. Our objectives include the facies classification and the estimation of the spatial model of porosity and permeability for two sequestration targets of interest, the Madison Limestone and the Weber Sandstone. The available dataset includes a complete set of well logs at the location of the borehole available in the area, a set of 110 core samples, and a seismic survey acquired in the area around the well. The proposed study includes a formation evaluation analysis and facies classification at the well location, the calibration of a rock physics model to link petrophysical properties and elastic attributes using well log data and core samples, the elastic inversion of the pre-stack seismic data, and the estimation of the reservoir model of facies, porosity and permeability conditioned by seismic inverted elastic attributes and well log data. In particular, the rock physics relations are facies-dependent and include granular media equations for clean and shaley sandstone, and inclusion models for the dolomitized limestone. The permeability model has been computed by applying a facies-dependent porosity-permeability relation calibrated using core sample measurements. The study shows that both formations show good storage capabilities. The Madison Limestone includes a homogeneous layer of high-porosity high-permeability dolomite; the Weber Sandstone is characterized by a lower average porosity but the layer is thicker than the Madison Limestone.
Excision and Applications

The last fundamental property (or axiom) of homology is excision. We state two versions. If A is a subspace of X, then Ā denotes its closure and A° denotes its interior.
POSTER: Application-Driven Near-Data Processing for Similarity Search

Similarity search is a key to important applications such as content-based search, deduplication, natural language processing, computer vision, databases, and graphics. At its core, similarity search manifests as k-nearest neighbors (kNN) which consists of parallel distance calculations and a top-k sort. While kNN is poorly supported by today's architectures, it is ideal for near-data processing because of its high memory bandwidth requirements. This work proposes a near-data processing accelerator for similarity search: the similarity search associative memory (SSAM).
Brain Abscess of Basal Ganglia Presenting with Persistent Hiccups.

Background Brain abscesses are well-known to neurologic surgeons with well-recognized presentations, which include seizures, neurologic deficit, and headache. Rare symptoms may lead to a delay in diagnosis, which can be life threatening in the setting of a brain abscess. Case Description We present the case of a 46-year-old male with intractable hiccups found to have an abscess of the right basal ganglia. The brain abscess was treated by frameless stereotactic-guided aspiration. The patient's hiccups improved after surgical aspiration and medical management. Conclusions A comprehensive literature review confirmed brain abscess as a rare cause of intractable hiccups. In addition, there are few reports of lesions of the basal ganglia causing intractable hiccups. Aspiration and medical therapy resulted in resolution of the hiccups. Knowledge of the hiccup reflex arc and unusual presentation of basal ganglia lesions may shorten time to diagnosis.
Fraude en productos financieros y compliance regulatorio: ¿Por qué se necesitan medios alternativos de control?

This article is based on an accumulation of much information and analysis of security frauds and regulatory compliance since the Wall Street Financial Implosion of 2008. Its objective is not about controlling high-risk securities frauds through improved identification and enhanced enforcement of existing (or new) administrative, civil, and/or criminal laws. On the contrary, it is about demonstrating the futility of these strategies and revealing the structural necessities for developing other means of social control. The article proceeds by locating financial global capital within the world economy so as to relate discussions of crime control within the framework of capitalist development. To advance my argument, I begin by describing the contradictory forces of free-market capitalism as well as the failures of securities law to deter Wall Street like financial frauds. I then turn to an appraisal of the inefficacies and noncontrols of state-legal interventions into high-stakes financial frauds. Finally, consistent with the building of a globally sustainable ecosystem, I present an array of policy prescriptions that could make a difference in the struggle against securities frauds.
Laser Stabilization Using Squeezed Light

Many lasers do not approach ideal operation. They have technical noise—both in intensity and frequency—which exceeds—often far exceeds—the noise predicted by ideal laser theory. Should other considerations nonetheless prompt one to use such a noisy laser, the noise can be controlled by using negative feedback to stabilize the laser’s intensity and/or frequency. Here I investigate the use of squeezed light to enhance the performance of such feedback schemes.
Horton, Bayard Taylor

American internist Bayard Taylor Horton was instrumental in bringing cluster headache to the attention of the medical community. He was also the first to describe the histopathology of giant cell (temporal) arteritis.
Book Chapter: 'Standards of Quality: Past Efforts and Future Options' in the Quality Pursuit

Existing standards of quality can be found in management standards, competence standards and professional code standards. All need to be more clearly articulated and assessed through performance review of a lawyer's work.
Reflections Regarding Plant-Plant Interactions, Communications and Allelopathic Interactions with an Emphasis on Allelopathic Interactions

This chapter describes the potential relationships, where they may exist, for direct transfer of organic compounds between plants, plant communication and allelopathic interactions. Defines the boundaries for allelopathic interactions, summarizes terminology and outlines standard approaches to the study of allelopathic interactions.
Computer algebra and algorithms for unbiased moment estimation of arbitrary order

While unbiased central moment estimators of lower orders (such as a sample variance) are easily obtainable and often used in practice, derivation of unbiased estimators of higher orders might be more challenging due to long math and tricky combinatorics. Moreover, higher orders necessitate calculation of estimators of powers and products that also amount to these orders. We develop a software algorithm that allows the user to obtain unbiased estimators of an arbitrary order and provide results up to the 6th order, including powers and products of lower orders. The method also extends to finding pooled estimates of higher central moments of several different populations (e.g. for two-sample tests). We introduce an R package Umoments that calculates one- and two-sample estimates and generates intermediate results used to obtain these estimators.
Capsular Plication for Symptomatic Borderline Hip Dysplasia

Hip arthroscopy indications have expanded beyond the treatment of the pathologies associated with femoroacetabular impingement. Other pathologies that are being increasingly treated with hip arthroscopy include borderline hip dysplasia. This chapter defines borderline hip dysplasia, discusses the indications for arthroscopic capsular plication, describes the surgical technique, and summarizes the results of the literature for the arthroscopic treatment of borderline hip dysplasia. Although hip arthroscopy can be successfully used to treat borderline dysplastic hips with a capsular plication technique, outcomes are less predictable compared to outcomes after femoroacetabular impingement surgery. Optimal results appear to occur in a younger population who undergo labral preservation and capsular imbrication.
Relationships between accelerometry and general compensatory movements of the upper limb after stroke

Standardized assessments are used in rehabilitation clinics after stroke to measure restoration versus compensatory movements of the upper limb. Accelerometry is an emerging tool that can bridge the gap between in- and out-of-clinic assessments of the upper limb, but is limited in that it currently does not capture the quality of a person’s movement, an important concept to assess compensation versus restoration. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize how accelerometer variables may reflect upper limb compensatory movement patterns after stroke. This study was a secondary analysis of an existing data set from a Phase II, single-blind, randomized, parallel dose–response trial (NCT0114369). Sources of data utilized were: (1) a compensatory movement score derived from video analysis of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and (2) calculated accelerometer variables quantifying time, magnitude and variability of upper limb movement from the same time point during study participation for both in-clinic and out-of-clinic recording periods. Participants had chronic upper limb paresis of mild to moderate severity. Compensatory movement scores varied across the sample, with a mean of 73.7 ± 33.6 and range from 11.5 to 188. Moderate correlations were observed between the compensatory movement score and each accelerometer variable. Accelerometer variables measured out-of-clinic had stronger relationships with compensatory movements, compared with accelerometer variables in-clinic. Variables quantifying time, magnitude, and variability of upper limb movement out-of-clinic had relationships to the compensatory movement score. Accelerometry is a tool that, while measuring movement quantity, can also reflect the use of general compensatory movement patterns of the upper limb in persons with chronic stroke. Individuals who move their limbs more in daily life with respect to time and variability tend to move with less movement compensations and more typical movement patterns. Likewise, individuals who move their paretic limbs less and their non-paretic limb more in daily life tend to move with more movement compensations at all joints in the paretic limb and less typical movement patterns.
Does General Solicitation Improve Access to Capital for Small Businesses? Evidence from the JOBS Act

We examine whether Title II of the JOBS Act increases small firms’ access to capital. Title II allows firms to sell securities via general solicitations to accredited investors. We find that general solicitation offerings tend to be of lower quality than other offerings. After accounting for selection, such offerings are less likely to succeed, raise less capital than other offerings, and incur substantial brokerage costs to verify that investors are accredited under the Act. Our results imply the need to craft policies that induce better ways of signaling firm quality or more transparent approaches to reducing information asymmetry.