cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “Palmtwigede” Pater Noster Revisited: An Associative Network in Old English

Extending a line of inquiry begun by Thomas Hill in 2005, this article uses attestations of palmtwig (“palm twig” or “branch”) and palmtreow (“palm tree”) across the Old English corpus to understand three strange uses of those terms in the enigmatic poem “Solomon and Saturn I”. Specifically, the vernacular collection known as the Blickling Homilies provides a semiotic narrative for the term palmtwig, which originates in a literal account of the palms used to honor Christ’s victory over death and culminates in a palmtwig that is given to Mary by an angel before her ascension, an object which takes on the illuminating and healing powers of Christ himself. The Blickling evidence suggests that in “Solomon and Saturn I”, the Pater Noster prayer is called “palmtwigged” because it is the same kind of charged, resonant object as the palmtwig of the Blickling Homilies. Both are metonyms for Christ. This work relates to recent work on medieval materiality and vernacular Incarnational poetics, as it explores the ambiguity and interpermeability among objects, words, and symbols as signs, specifically as they relate to the ultimate word of Christianity.
DNA Barcoding: Error Rates Based on Comprehensive Sampling

DNA barcoding has attracted attention with promises to aid in species identification and discovery; however, few wellsampled datasets are available to test its performance. We provide the first examination of barcoding performance in a comprehensively sampled, diverse group (cypraeid marine gastropods, or cowries). We utilize previous methods for testing performance and employ a novel phylogenetic approach to calculate intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence. Error rates are estimated for (1) identifying samples against a well-characterized phylogeny, and (2) assisting in species discovery for partially known groups. We find that the lowest overall error for species identification is 4%. In contrast, barcoding performs poorly in incompletely sampled groups. Here, species delineation relies on the use of thresholds, set to differentiate between intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence. Whereas proponents envision a ‘‘barcoding gap’’ between the two, we find substantial overlap, leading to minimal error rates of ;17% in cowries. Moreover, error rates double if only traditionally recognized species are analyzed. Thus, DNA barcoding holds promise for identification in taxonomically well-understood and thoroughly sampled clades. However, the use of thresholds does not bode well for delineating closely related species in taxonomically understudied groups. The promise of barcoding will be realized only if based on solid taxonomic foundations. Citation: Meyer CP, Paulay G (2005) DNA barcoding: Error rates based on comprehensive sampling. PLoS Biol 3(12): e422.
Psychology of the Scientist: XLVIII. Recent Trends in Multiple Authorship in Psychology

Research in the late 1950s showed a trend toward increased multiple authorship, as opposed to single authorship, of research papers in psychology. This study investigated whether the trend has continued to the 1980s. Convention papers presented at the meetings of seven psychological associations, and articles published in nine APA journals, during 1980–81 were categorized by number of authors. Results indicated that the trend towards more multiple-author papers has continued, with 70% of the convention papers and 76% of the journal articles having more than one author.
Binding of the estrogen receptor to DNA. The role of waters

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the binding of the estrogen receptor, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, to specific and non-specific DNA. Two systems have been simulated, each based on the crystallographic structure of a complex of a dimer of the estrogen receptor DNA binding domain with DNA. One structure includes the dimer and a consensus segment of DNA, ds(CCAGGTCACAGTGACCTGG); the other structure includes the dimer and a nonconsensus segment of DNA, ds(CCAGAACACAGTGACCTGG). The simulations involve an atomic model of the protein-DNA complex, counterions, and a sphere of explicit water with a radius of 45 A. The molecular dynamics package NAMD was used to obtain 100 ps of dynamics for each system with complete long-range electrostatic interactions. Analysis of the simulations revealed differences in the protein-DNA interactions for consensus and nonconsensus sequences, a bending and unwinding of the DNA, a slight rearrangement of several amino acid side chains, and inclusion of water molecules at the protein-DNA interface region. Our results indicate that binding specificity and stability is conferred by a network of direct and water mediated protein-DNA hydrogen bonds. For the consensus sequence, the network involves three water molecules, residues Glu-25, Lys-28, Lys-32, Arg-33, and bases of the DNA. The binding differs for the nonconsensus DNA sequence in which case the fluctuating network of hydrogen bonds allows water molecules to enter the protein-DNA interface. We conclude that water plays a role in furnishing DNA binding specificity to nuclear hormone receptors.
PROBATION AND PAROLE: PUBLIC RISK AND THE FUTURE OF INCARCERATION ALTERNATIVES*

Jail and prison populations in the United States have continued to grow unabated during the past two decades but crime rates have not declined. Partly in response to the pressures caused by burgeoning correctional populations, the use of alternatives to incarceration has expanded. An ongoing debate centers on the effectiveness of these alternatives. Many criminal justice professionals and some researchers question whether such alternatives seriously restrict the criminal justice system 's ability to incapacitate the active offender. This study deals specifically with two alternatives to incarceration: probation and parole. We examine offender recidivism for a sample of probationers and parolees active in New Orleans, Louisiana, and offer a new approach to addressing the effectiveness issue. Past research has evaluated the effectiveness of alternatives by examining failure rates of diverted offenders. High failure rates, we argue, do not necessarily imply a significant loss of the incapacitative effects of imprisonment. We suggest that a more appropriate measure of the loss of incapacitative effect is the proportion of all offenses committed by persons on probation or parole. Our results suggest that such losses are surprisingly low. The policy implications of our findings are discussed.
Early Recognition and Referral of Hearing-Impaired Children

For many children, sensorineural hearing loss is detected relatively late, assuming that the goal is to minimize the pervasive impact of the impaired hearing upon cognitive, language, social, and communicative development. Shortcomings in current neonatal screening programs, confusion among parents due to such children9s inconsistent auditory behavior, the reluctance of some physicians to refer children for evaluation at an early age, and the fact that some sensorineural losses are acquired after birth, are all factors that contribute to the delay in recognizing and referring youngsters with hearing impairment. After considering this composite of problems, it becomes apparent that no single recommendation for modification of current health care delivery programs will assure early detection. However, physicians can play a key role in timely recognition and referral of hearing-impaired children during the period from birth to kindergarten if attention is focused on determining those youngsters who are manifesting significant early delays in speech and language development.
Suppression of the bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on tomato leaves by an attenuated mutant of Xanthomonas perforans

A bacteriocin-producing strain of the bacterial spot of tomato plant pathogen, Xanthomonas perforans, with attenuated pathogenicity was deployed for biocontrol of a bacteriocin-sensitive strain of the genetically closely related bacterial spot of tomato plant pathogen, X. euvesicatoria. The attenuated mutant (91-118ΔopgHΔbcnB) of X. perforans was tested in leaf tissue and shown to significantly inhibit internal populations of the wild-type X. euvesicatoria strain although significantly less than the wild-type 91-118 strain, whereas in a phyllosphere inhibition assay, the mutant strain reduced epiphytic populations comparably to 91-118. Thus, the attenuated mutant limited the sensitive bacterium more efficiently on the leaf surface than inside the leaf. In field experiments, weekly application of 91-118ΔopgHΔbcnB significantly reduced X. euvesicatoria populations compared to the growers’ standard control (copper hydroxide and mancozeb applied weekly and acibenzolar-S-methyl applied every 2 weeks). The biological control agent, 91-118ΔopgHΔbcnB, applied every 2 weeks also significantly reduced X. euvesicatoria populations in one season but was not significantly different from the growers’ standard control. Potentially, attenuated pathogenic strains could be deployed as biological control agents in order to improve disease control of foliar plant pathogens.
Spindle assembly in the absence of a RanGTP gradient requires localized CPC activity.

Summary During animal cell division, a gradient of GTP-bound Ran is generated around mitotic chromatin [1, 2]. It is generally accepted that this RanGTP gradient is essential for organizing the spindle, because it locally activates critical spindle assembly factors [3–5]. Here, we show in Xenopus laevis egg extract, where the gradient is best characterized, that spindles can assemble in the absence of a RanGTP gradient. Gradient-free spindle assembly occurred around sperm nuclei but not around chromatin-coated beads and required the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). Artificial enrichment of CPC activity within hybrid bead arrays containing both immobilized chromatin and the CPC supported local microtubule assembly even in the absence of a RanGTP gradient. We conclude that RanGTP and the CPC constitute the two major molecular signals that spatially promote microtubule polymerization around chromatin. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the two signals mainly originate from discreet physical sites on the chromosomes to localize microtubule assembly around chromatin: a RanGTP signal from any chromatin and a CPC-dependent signal predominantly generated from centromeric chromatin.
Genome of the halotolerant green alga Picochlorum sp. reveals strategies for thriving under fluctuating environmental conditions

Summary An expected outcome of climate change is intensifi- cation of the global water cycle, which magnifies surface water fluxes, and consequently alters salinity patterns. It is therefore important to understand the adaptations and limits of microalgae to survive changing salinities. To this end, we sequenced the 13.5 Mbp genome of the halotolerant green alga Picochlorum SENEW3 (SE3) that was isolated from a brackish water pond subject to large seasonal salinity fluctuations. Picochlorum SE3 encodes 7367 genes, making it one of the smallest and most gene dense eukaryotic genomes known. Comparison with the pico-prasinophyte Ostreococcus tauri, a species with a limited range of salt tolerance, reveals the enrich- ment of transporters putatively involved in the salt stress response in Picochlorum SE3. Analysis of cul- tures and the protein complement highlight the meta- bolic flexibility of Picochlorum SE3 that encodes genes involved in urea metabolism, acetate assimila- tion and fermentation, acetoin production and glucose uptake, many of which form functional gene clusters. Twenty-four cases of horizontal gene trans- fer from bacterial sources were found in Picochlorum SE3 with these genes involved in stress adaptation including osmolyte production and growth promo- tion. Our results identify Picochlorum SE3 as a model for understanding microalgal adaptation to stressful, fluctuating environments.
On the escarpment wind profile

It is shown that miscellaneous theories for flow over low ridges give results consistent with each other and that these results can be used to quantify certain observed features of the wind profile downwind from an escarpment.
Pneumothorax, Bullous Disease, and Emphysema

This article addresses several distinct but related pulmonary conditions that are commonly referred to general thoracic surgeons for decision making and management. The management of various types of pneumothorax is reviewed, with particular attention to the selection of the appropriate level of surgical intervention. The related entities of bullous lung disease and diffuse emphysema are discussed, with a focus on the identification of appropriate circumstances for surgical intervention. The summarized work and the treatment recommendations are supported with an extensive bibliography of important work in this area.
A Specific Male Olfactory Sensillum Detects Behaviorally Antagonistic Hairpencil Odorants

Within insect species, olfactory signals play a vital role in communication, particularly in the context of mating. During courtship, males of many moth species release pheromones that function as aphrodisiacs for conspecific females, or repellants to competing conspecific males. The physiology and antennal lobe projections are described of olfactory receptor neurons within an antennal sensillum present on male Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths sensitive to conspecific male H. virescens-produced pheromone components. Olfactory receptor neurons responded to hexadecanyl acetate and octadecanyl acetate hairpencil components, and Z11-hexadecenyl acetate, an odorant used by closely related heliothine species in their female produced pheromone, which is antagonistic to male H. virescens responses. This acetate-sensitive sensillum appears homologous to a sensillum type previously described in females of this species, sharing similar physiology and glomerular projection targets within the antennal lobe. Wind tunnel observations indicate that H. virescens hairpencil odors (hexadecanyl acetate, octadecanyl acetate) function to antagonize responses of conspecific males following a female sex pheromone plume. Thus, male-male flight antagonism in H. virescens appears to be mediated by this particular sensillum type.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS IN THE DOG

Historical, physical examination, clinicopathologic, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of 13 dogs with gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle tumors (11 leiomyosarcomas, 2 leiomyomas) were reviewed. History, including signalment and chief complaint, physical examination and bloodwork were neither sensitive nor specific for GI neoplasia. Imaging procedures, radiology and ultrasonography, detected the presence of abdominal masses in 12 patients, including 9 animals lacking a palpable mass on initial examination. Survey radiographs of 10 of the 13 dogs revealed a mass effect in 5/10 dogs, evidence of peritoneal effusion or free abdominal gas in 3/10 dogs, and an obstructive pattern with gas and fluid distension of the intestinal tract in 1/10 dogs. Ultrasonography identified an abdominal mass in 12/13 dogs, and peritoneal effusion in 5 animals. Ultrasonography correctly recognized an association of the mass with bowel segments by the presence of intraluminal gas, within or adjacent to the mass effect, in 10 dogs, and strongly suggested an intestinal origin in one additional animal. GI smooth muscle tumors often appeared as large masses, eccentrically projecting from the bowel wall, frequently containing single or multiple hypo/anechoic regions. Based on this study we conclude that ultrasonography is more sensitive than survey radiography in the detection of GI smooth muscle tumors, and may present specific features to distinguish smooth muscle tumors from other types of GI tumors. Ultrasonography is recommended as a screening procedure for cases where GI neoplasia is suspected.
Some applications of Distributed Flexible AC Transmission System (D-FACTS) devices in power systems

Distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices offer many potential benefits to power system operations. This paper examines the impact of installing D-FACTS devices by studying the linear sensitivities of power system quantities such as voltage magnitude, voltage angle, bus power injections, line power flow, and real power losses with respect to line impedance. Using these linear sensitivities, nonlinear problems such as real power loss minimization and voltage control may be solved; these applications are discussed in this paper.
Relativistic electrons in Saturn's inner magnetosphere and an estimate of their synchrotron emission

Energetic electron data obtained by Pioneer 11 during its traversal of Saturn's inner magnetosphere were used as the basis for a quantitative model, for which approximate calculations were made of the absolute intensity and spectral distribution of synchrotron emissions. The results are compared with existing knowledge of synchrotron emissions from the inner magnetosphere of Jupiter. The enormous differences between the synchrotron emissions of the inner magnetospheres of Saturn and Jupiter are discussed.
New debris-disk candidates: 24 micron stellar excesses at 100 million years

Sixty-three members of the 100 Myr old open cluster M47 (NGC 2422) have been detected at 24 μm with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Be star V 378 Pup shows an excess both in the near-infrared and at 24 μm (K - [24] = 2.4 mag), probably due to free-free emission from the gaseous envelope. Seven other early-type stars show smaller excesses, K - [24] = 0.6-0.9. Among late-type stars, two show large excesses: P922, a K1 V star with K - [24] = 1.08 ± 0.11, and P1121, an F9 V star with K - [24] = 3.72 ± 0.02. P1121 is the first known main-sequence star showing an excess comparable to that of β Pic, which may indicate the presence of an exceptionally massive debris disk. It is possible that a major planetesimal collision has occurred in this system, consistent with the few hundred Myr timescales estimated for the clearing of the solar system.
A comparison of amplitude-phase coupling and linewidth enhancement in semiconductor quantum-well and bulk lasers

The amplitude-phase coupling factor alpha (linewidth enhancement factor) is compared for typical semiconductor quantum-well and bulk double heterostructure lasers. As a direct consequence of the reduction of the differential gain, there is no reduction of alpha in single-quantum-well lasers compared to bulk lasers. The number of quantum wells strongly affects the amplitude-phase coupling in quantum-well lasers. It is shown that the interband transition induced amplitude-phase coupling dominates that induced by the plasma effect of carriers in typical quantum-well lasers. By considering the spontaneous emission factor in the spectral linewidth, the authors show that there is an optimal number of quantum wells for achieving the narrowest spectral linewidth. >
A multi-user interactive 3D presentation system via the Internet

The popularity of the Internet has opened up many ways to distribute information to a desired audience. The information usually comes in the way of web sites, chat rooms, newsgroups, etc. Although the above methods of presenting information are invaluable, technology has come to the stage in which a more robust method of presenting information can be widely distributed. This paper presents a new method to distribute information through the use of real-time, three dimensional graphics, which can be easily created, modified and viewed in most web browsers using standard Internet protocols. In addition to viewing three dimensional presentations, the 3D environment creator and visitors to that environment have the option of being present, in the form of avatars, inside the virtual world, similar in concept to a virtual classroom. This allows the virtual world creator to move around the scene and point out various areas of interest, and allows visitors to move around the scene, viewing the presentation and asking questions of the creator.
PROBLEMS OF CONTROLLING THE EFFICIENCY OF BUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIOR

The purpose of this paper is to discuss problems of controlling the efficiency of bureaucratic behavior. There are two broad approaches to the topic: One is a general discussion of systemic complications that mitigate against efficiency; the second centers around the study of productivity and efforts a t instituting program changes which result in more efficient operations. The former, constituting the first part of the paper, is, by nature, a more theoretical and, unfortunately, less positive statement. The latter portion of the paper is a more practical and more optimistic discussion. Taken together, it is hoped that the two approaches will provide a balanced overview of efficiency as it relates to bureaucratic behavior.
The synthesis of real-time systems from processing graphs

Directed graphs, called processing graphs, are a standard design aid for complex real-time systems. The primary problem in developing real-time systems with processing graphs is transforming the processing graph into a predictable real-time system in which latency can be managed. Software engineering techniques are combined with real-time scheduling theory to solve this problem. In the parlance of software engineering methodologies, a synthesis method is presented. New results on managing latency in the synthesis of real-time systems from cyclic processing graphs are also presented. The synthesis method is demonstrated with an embedded signal processing application for an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) system.
Estimation of Responsibility Metrics to Determine Package Maintainability and Testability

Many costly software issues exist due to poorly designed systems and due to systems which are not easy to test or maintain because of poor designs. R. C. Martin began with a set of object oriented design principles and designed his metrics based on these principles. In a previous paper [2], we began with Martin's principles and used them to modify his coupling, instability and abstractness metrics. We modified Martin's metrics based on the concept of responsibility, our motivation is that packages with different levels of responsibility should have different weights with respect to the coupling, instability and abstraction metrics. In this paper, we present an experimental study to validate the modified metrics by showing their relationship to maintainability and testability, and then we construct prediction models for these two external quality attributes. The study results indicate that the new metrics are very promising and lead to improved results.
Causality in indefinite metric theories

It has recently been claimed by Rechenberg and Sudarshan that theories with shadow states are consistent with macroscopic causality, even though they lack the normal physical-region analytic structure. This claim is based on a number of incorrect statements, which are here pointed out. These errors invalidate the claim.
Obesity: Its Assessment, Risks, and Treatments

Obesity is the leading form of malnutrition in our affluent nations. In the United States, for example, between 40 to 80 million individuals are considered obese. Obesity is defined in terms of an excess of body fat, although there is little agreement as to the precise technique for determining who is obese.
Development and Validation of a Fixed-Precision Sequential Sampling Plan for Aster Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Carrot

From 1995 to 1997, data sets (351) were collected from 30 fields in central and southern Minnesota to determine the most efficient, fixed-precision, sequential sampling plan for density estimation of aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes, in carrot, Daucus carola (L.). Conventional and organic farms were sampled to obtain a range of leafhopper densities likely to be encountered with various management practices. Densities ranged from 0.01 to 6.97 leafhoppers per sweep. Taylor's a and b parameters were estimated fromp 266 data sets and used in conjunction W ith 15 independent data sets to validate the sampling plan with resampling software, The results showed that, for a density range of 0.01-1.61 leafhoppers per sweep, 20 samples of 10 sweeps each must be taken to achieve an average precision level of 0.25 (SE/mean). In subsequent analyses, results were partitioned into low ( 0.25) Final density can be compared with the aster yellows index for control guidelines.
The Promise and Pitfalls of Women Challenging Muslim Family Laws in India and Israel (Chapter 4)

Across nations one of the most common ways that women’s sexuality and personal autonomy is controlled is through family law, particularly marriage, and divorce. In essence, many such laws are in place to govern autonomous and individual expressions of sexuality, most often through the use of moral arguments located within ethno-religious traditions. Yet matters of family law are often analyzed in terms of state- or nation-building and religious practices. Indeed as Carol Pateman (1988) has shown, family law remains one of the least democratic legal and social institutions, despite women’s struggles, with limited success, for family law reform. Resistance to democratizing family law is often most pronounced by elements within ethno-religious communities which hold a minority position vis-a-vis the state, and are thus excluded from the state political power structure. This has meant that women within such communities have to develop nuanced strategies to extend their sexual and personal autonomy without alienating their community. A comparison of the cases of India and Israel -- where the Muslim minorities’ relationships with the state are extremely politicized -- provides insight into the ways in which women are contesting the governance and control of their sexuality through the re-shaping of marriage and divorce laws.
Sandra Bem’s Gender Schema Theory After 34 Years: A Review of its Reach and Impact

One of Sandra Bem’s important contributions was the development of gender schema theory (GST; Bem 1981a). Through an analysis of journal articles referencing GST, we explored the breadth of the theory’s reach and the ways in which its use has changed over time. More specifically, we analyzed how often GST reached journals outside psychology as well as journals and research populations outside the United States, even though Bem was a U.S. psychologist whose empirical work was primarily with U.S. populations. We also assessed the range of research topics that have used a GST framework. We found that 34 years later, GST continues to be cited frequently, with a broad reach beyond U.S. psychology, particularly into international as well as communication and business journals. We found five primary novel uses of the theory: development, discrimination/stereotyping, occupations, historically marginalized populations, and mental health and trauma. We conclude that GST has been a generative theory. For the future, we recommend that GST be used to frame the study of intersectionality, for research-based activism, and as part of a project of theory-bridging.
A study of remittances to Mexico and Central America: Characteristics and perspectives of immigrants

Mexican and Central American immigrants remit large sums to improve the well-being of their families back home. Though literature provides substantial data on the economic impact of remittance funds, we know little about remitters themselves. The current mixed methods study utilizes data from the Mexican Migration Project and the Latin American Migration Project (n = 1,218) to examine characteristics of immigrants who remit and data from focus groups to explore the meaning of remitting to Mexican and Central American immigrants. Findings suggest that marital status, legal documentation status, and English proficiency are three key predictors of remittance behaviors. Immigrants report that remitting leads to their own positive feelings and also fulfills an obligation they have to improve the well-being of family remaining at home. Implications for social work practice with Mexican and Central American immigrants are discussed. Key Practitioner Message: • Results indicate characteristics of immigrants based on remittance sending behaviors, increasing our knowledge of immigrants who support family back home; • Findings highlight the meaning of remitting for immigrants, and thus suggest a relationship between remitting and immigrant well-being.
Protein Synthesis during Programmed (Physiological) Cell Death

Since the terminology surrounding cell death is loosely used, we begin by defining the context in which we employ specific terms.
Race and the Educated Imagination: Outlining a Pedagogy of Belonging

AbstractA teaching life can be a powerful intervention into the structures of racial antagonism that shape the West, but only if we can find a way to overturn our colonial legacies and draw the dominant trajectories of Western educational institutions toward more life giving ends. A life that teaches in this racially agonistic moment must be angled in a new direction beyond simply building intellectual capacities, toward presenting an embodied desire to learn from and join others. To be teachers who live by faith at this moment is to be those who speak a word of belonging not simply by their words but by their lives.
A Parallel Build-up Algorithm for Global Energy Minimizations of Molecular Clusters Using Effective Energy Simulated Annealing

This work studies the build-up method for the global minimization problem for molecular conformation, especially protein folding. The problem is hard to solve for large molecules using general minimization approaches because of the enormous amount of required computation. We therefore propose a build-up process to systematically "construct" the optimal molecular structures. A prototype algorithm is designed using the anisotropic effective energy simulated annealing method at each build-up stage. The algorithm has been implemented on the Intel iPSC/860 parallel computer, and tested with the Lennard-Jones microcluster conformation problem. The experiments showed that the algorithm was effective for relatively large test problems, and also very suitable for massively parallel computation. In particular, for the 72-atom Lennard-Jones microcluster, the algorithm found a structure whose energy is lower than any others found in previous studies.
The incidental bone lesion on computed tomography: management tips for abdominal radiologists

Incidental bone lesions are commonly seen on abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations. These incidental bone lesions can be diagnostically challenging to the abdominal radiologist who may not be familiar with their appearance or their appropriate management. The characterization of such bone lesions as non-aggressive or aggressive based on their CT appearance involves similar principles to their morphologic evaluation on radiographs. Knowledge of the age of the patient and the presence of symptoms, mainly bone pain, can improve analysis. Examples of bone lesions that may be encountered include solitary or multifocal bone lesions, osteochondromatous and chondroid tumors, Paget's disease, avascular necrosis/bone infarctions, iatrogenic lesions, and periarticular lesions. This pictorial essay aims to provide a framework for the analysis of incidental bone lesions on CT and when further imaging and clinical work-up should be recommended.
Accessing E-Commerce Web Information: Implications For Bridging The Digital Divide

Accessing e-commerce information on the Web is becoming a key aspect of citizenship in the digital age. By 1999 e-commerce queries were the largest group of Web queries, forming some 25% of all queries. Web queries are a primary means for translating people's need for business product and service information for effective e-commerce. This paper reports a study. . .
Hospital Readmissions in Children with Pulmonary Hypertension: A Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Objective To assess the rate of and risk factors for 30-day hospital readmission in children with pulmonary hypertension. Study design The Pediatric Health Information System database was analyzed for patients ≤18 years old with pulmonary hypertension (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis codes of 416.0, 416.1, 416.8, or 416.9) admitted from 2005 through 2014. A generalized hierarchical regression model was used to determine significant ORs and 95% CIs associated with 30-day readmission. Results A total of 13580 patients met inclusion criteria (median age 1.7 years [IQR 0.3-8.7], 45.3% with congenital heart disease). Admissions increased 4-fold throughout the study period. Associated hospital charges increased from $119 million in 2004 to $929 million in 2014. During initial admission, 57.4% of patients required admission to the intensive care unit, and 48.2% required mechanical ventilation. The 30-day readmission rate was 26.3%. Mortality during readmission was 4.2%. Factors increasing odds of readmission included a lower hospital volume of pulmonary hypertension admissions (1.41 [1.23-1.57], P Conclusions The pediatric pulmonary hypertension population carries significant morbidity, as reflected by a high use of intensive care unit resources and a high 30-day readmission rate. Younger patients and those with public insurance represent particularly at-risk groups.
Do you know JACK?: the Java Architecture Construction Kit

Gate-level logic understanding remains a core part of any computer science program. This remains true even as computer science matures from its origins in electrical engineering and mathematical theory due to the fact the students' understanding of the electronics can help them create better software. The traditional approach of bread boarding using small-scale integration (SSI) chips may not be as easy to accommodate in computer science curriculum as it once was, due to pressures such as lab cost and lack of instructor expertise. This paper proposes an alternative: using Java's event-driven capabilities to directly simulate gate-level behavior, and the possible integration of this type of simulation into a coherent computer science curriculum.
Chat-Box: Proposing a Mood Analyzer for Individuals with Social Interaction Disabilities

Perception of social cues is a fundamental communicative skill that can be hampered by hearing and cognitive disorders. Understanding slang and sarcastic intent is often difficult in verbal communication, particularly for individuals who struggle with the perception of social cues. Misinterpretation of slang terms can cause discomfort or social isolation. Sarcasm is particularly difficult to recognize due to its inherently ambiguous and context-dependent nature. We have identified two problems of particular interest in social assistive technologies – slang word sentiment assessment and sarcasm detection. We propose combining a slang sentiment analysis model with a speech emotion analysis model to create an assistive tool, Chat-Box, which will detect social cues such as sarcasm, slang, and sentiment.
Predissociation lifetimes of the B and C Rydberg states of CH3I

Abstract Single-photon direct absorption and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization excitation spectra were recorded for CH 3 I in a jet-cooled molecular beam. The rovibrationally cold molecules yield lineshapes that are lifetime broadened by predissociation. Lorentzian fits were used to extract lifetimes for specific vibronic excitation in the B and C Rydberg states. The measured lifetimes of the B state are 0.87 ps (origin), 0.83 ps (ν 2 ), 0.92 ps (ν 3 ), and 0.67 ps (ν 6 ). The C state origin has a lifetime of 0.25 ps. These results are compared to previous measurements and discussed in terms of possible mode-specific predissociation.
Are orthorexia nervosa symptoms associated with cognitive Inflexibility

This study investigated whether symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, a conjectured disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors regarding healthy eating, are associated with cognitive inflexibility. Participants (25 in the orthorexia symptoms group, 25 in the control group) completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire and computerized versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Trail Making Test. Of the 11 variable measurements from these cognitive tests, only one significantly differed between the groups, with the orthorexia symptoms group making more errors than the control group on the first part of the Trail Making Test that does not actually require any set shifting. These results suggest that although orthorexia is associated with inflexible thoughts and behaviors specific to healthy eating, the condition does not seem to be associated with cognitive inflexibility as an executive function deficit.
Outcomes for peripheral vascular intervention and lower extremity bypass in kidney transplant recipients are superior to outcomes of patients remaining on dialysis

Abstract Background Improved survival is reported for patients with end-stage renal disease who are kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) compared with dialysis-dependent patients (DDPs). Whether amputation-free survival (AFS) and freedom from major adverse limb events (MALEs) after peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) or lower extremity bypass (LEB) are superior after renal transplantation remains incompletely defined. Methods A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of KTRs and DDPs undergoing infrainguinal PVI or LEB for symptoms of limb-threatening ischemia recorded in the Vascular Quality Initiative from 2003 to 2017. Primary outcomes were AFS and freedom from MALEs along with their components of assisted primary patency, limb salvage, and patient survival. The χ2 tests and independent samples t-tests were used to compare demographic variables. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to estimate outcomes, and Cox regression analyses were used to confirm independent predictors of outcome. Results There were 2707 PVI (351 KTRs and 2356 DDPs) and 1444 LEB (198 KTRs and 1246 DDPs) procedures performed for limb-threatening ischemia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, female patients, and African Americans were more common among the DDP group, as were lower preoperative hemoglobin values and older age. After PVI, KTRs had better AFS than DDPs (42% vs 66% at 1 year, 15% vs 26% at 2 years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-2.64; P Conclusions For patients with end-stage renal disease, subsequent kidney transplantation was associated with better AFS and freedom from MALEs after PVI but only improved AFS after LEB. Open or endovascular revascularization can be advocated in patients with limb-threatening ischemia who have received kidney transplantation to a greater degree than in those who remain dialysis dependent.
Early Interventionists' Perceptions of Supporting Families Experiencing Poverty.

A mixed methods design was used to facilitate an understanding of what early interventionists (EIs) experience when working with families living in poverty. EIs working in a large urban area (n = 3...
Low-Temperature Thermally Annealed Niobium Oxide Thin Films as a Minimally Color Changing Ion Storage Layer in Solution-Processed Polymer Electrochromic Devices

The limited availability of solution-processable ion storage materials, both inorganic and organic, hinders the adoption of roll-to-roll manufacturing for polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs). The...
Give Them Some Slack—They’re Trying to Change! The Benefits of Excess Cash, Excess Employees, and Increased Human Capital in the Strategic Change Context

We address calls for contextualization in the study of slack resources by examining the pursuit of strategic change as a contingency that shapes the effects of human resource (HR) slack and financi...
How caregivers perceive and mediate children’s books featuring media characters in the United States

Caregivers manage pre-school children’s media choices; however, most research has examined electronic and digital media, while books remain the predominant medium for this age group. We explore how...
Differential Diagnosis and Biopsy Techniques

This chapter covers data collection and the development of a differential diagnosis for abnormal conditions of the oral cavity. A variety of biopsy techniques are presented.
Plant-soil feedbacks and facilitation influence the demography of herbaceous alpine species in response to woody plant range expansion

Plant species migrations, or range shifts, in response to changing climate are one of many interacting factors influencing plant population and community dynamics in an era of global change. Range shifts may cause novel assemblages of competing species because species may respond to changing climate at different rates. Range-expanding species may directly influence resident species through resource competition or indirectly by modifying the local environment both aboveground and belowground. Further, range-expanding plant species can create novel plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) by altering soil microbial community structure and function and the interactions of resident plant species with microbial symbionts. These changes can have important implications for resident plant population dynamics and their ability to coexist with novel competitors. Here we test the impacts of competitive interactions and plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) of a range-expanding sagebrush species (Artemisia. rothrockii) on the demography and population growth rates of two resident alpine plant species (Koeleria macrantha and Eriogonum ovalifolium). We use an experimental, multi-year field approach combined with integral projection modeling to determine how PSFs and competition influence species coexistence in both the historic and range expansion zone of A. rothrockii. We find that sagebrush has an overall net negative effect on herbaceous plant demography, primarily due to negative PSFs for plants growing in sagebrush-conditioned soil. However, these negative soil effects are partially buffered via facilitation effects for herbs growing under or nearby sagebrush canopies. In general, population growth rates were more sensitive to survival than other demographic rates, furthermore this sensitivity to survival was higher for herbaceous species in sagebrush soils. Identifying the major drivers of plant population dynamics and species interactions remains an important and unresolved question in ecology. PSFs are a central mechanism influencing plant species interactions, yet the majority of PSF research has made little direct connection between plant population dynamics and PSFs in situ. We believe that utilizing a field-based approach, focusing on multiple components of plant demography, is an important next step in understanding the role of PSFs and species interactions in a rapidly changing world.
Oral feedback II. An electromyographic study of speech under nerve-block anesthesia

Abstract: Electromyographic recordings were made from the lip, tongue, and certain suprahyoid muscles of three normal adult speakers under normal conditions and under conditions of trigeminal nerve block anesthesia. The mylohyoid muscle and the anterior digastric muscles which are innervated by motor fibers from the blocked nerve were usually depressed or inactive during the nerve-block condition. The assumption that the effects of this traditionally used nerve block are purely sensory seems unfounded. Other muscles are either depressed in activity during the block or more active than normal during the block. The amplitude of EMG recording depends upon depth and symmetry of anesthesia and upon the idiosyncratic reaction of the subject. Changes in muscle activity during the nerve block extend even to those muscles whose sensory and motor innervations cannot be affected by the block. Therefore, the effects observed indicate a more central effect or some compensatory reorganization.
A Review of Prompt-Fading Procedures, Part II: Parameters and Components

Instructors use prompts to assist learners in acquiring skills and then fade those prompts until responding occurs under the appropriate stimulus control conditions. Cengher et al. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 30, 155-173 (2018) reviewed studies that compared two or more different prompt-fading procedures. The current review extends the literature by analyzing studies that manipulated parameters and components of prompt-fading procedures. The data search and data analysis processes were similar to the ones reported by Cengher et al. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 30, 155-173 (2018). The results support the selection of self-paced, individualized instruction that programs the appropriate development of stimulus control by fading within the discriminative stimulus, using an observing response, and teaching a conditional discrimination from the onset of training. Even though the results were generally consistent across studies, there are some parameters and components that have more empirical support and others that require continued investigation. Implications for clinical practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Inferring CO2 saturation from synthetic surface seismic and downhole monitoring data using machine learning for leakage detection at CO2 sequestration sites

Abstract Inferring CO2 saturation from seismic data is important when seismic methods are applied at CO2 sequestration sites for verification and accounting purposes, such as verifying the total injected CO2 volume, comparing with model predictions for concordance evaluation, tracking the migration of CO2 plume, and detecting possible leakage from the storage reservoir. In this work, we infer CO2 saturation levels at three depths from simulated surface seismic, downhole pressure and total dissolved solids (TDS) data using machine learning (ML) methods. The simulated monitoring data are based on 6000 numerical multi-phase flow simulations of hypothetical wellbore CO2 and brine leakage from a legacy well into shallow aquifers at a model CO2 storage site. We conduct rock physics modeling to estimate changes in seismic velocity due to the simulated CO2 and brine leakage at each time step in the flow simulation outputs, resulting in 120,000 forward seismic velocity models. 2D finite-difference acoustic wave modeling is performed for each velocity model to generate synthetic shot gathers, along a sparse 2D seismic line with only 5 shots and 40 receivers. We extract 6 time-lapse seismic attribute anomalies from each trace in the time window relevant to each geologic layer, and use the seismic features, together with downhole pore pressure, TDS features to train the machine learning algorithms. The impact of seismic noise on the performance of the trained machine learning models has also been investigated. Inferred CO2 saturations from the trained classifiers are in good agreement with observations. Direct pressure and TDS measurements from downhole monitoring can increase the accuracy of the inferred CO2 saturation class from the forward modeled 2D surface seismic data. Our ML workflow represents a promising way to combine measurements from multiple monitoring techniques, together with seismic monitoring to achieve more accurate seismic quantitative interpretation.