cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timing neural networks in C and ada

In this paper, we describe a neural network program that was originally developed in C, then ported to Ada 2005. We explain several simple modifications to the Ada code that reduce the overhead from 76% to 0%. These modifications could provide significant performance gains to other applications, allowing them to combine the safety of Ada with the speed of C. such a complicated data structure. In Section 3, we explain how we modified the code in translating it to Ada. Section 4 describes how we made simple changes to the Ada implementation to eliminate the additional overhead. Section 5 provides conclusions and insights for future projects.
17-DMAG targets the nuclear factor-κB family of proteins to induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical implications of HSP90 inhibition

The HSP90 client chaperone interaction stabilizes several important enzymes and antiapoptotic proteins, and pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 results in rapid client protein degradation. Therefore, HSP90 inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach when this protein is active, a phenotype commonly observed in transformed but not normal cells. However, preclinical studies with HSP90 inhibitors such as 17-AAG demonstrated depletion of only a subset of client proteins and very modest tumor cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Herein, we describe another HSP90 inhibitor, 17-DMAG, which is cytotoxic to CLL but not normal lymphocytes. Treatment with 17-DMAG leads to depletion of the HSP90 client protein IKK, resulting in diminished NF-κB p50/p65 DNA binding, decreased NF-κB target gene transcription, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with 17-DMAG significantly decreased the white blood cell count and prolonged the survival in a TCL1-SCID transplant mouse model. The ability of 17-DMAG to function as an NF-κB inhibitor is of great interest clinically, as few currently available CLL drugs target this transcription factor. Therefore, the effect of 17-DMAG on NF-κB signaling pathways represents a novel therapy warranting further clinical pursuit in this and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) binding sites in the adult human brain: Localization and characterization

In the current study, we found evidence for the existence of binding sites for TRH in synaptic membrane preparations of several regions of the postmortem adult human brain. High levels of specific binding (fmol [3H]Me-TRH/mg protein/2 hr) were found in limbic structures: amygdala (7.1 +/- 0.6, Mean +/- SE), hippocampus (2.8 +/- 0.3), and temporal cortex (2.4 +/- 0.8). Intermediate levels of binding were found in the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens whereas binding was low to undetectable in frontal and occipital cortex, cerebellum, pons, medulla and corpus striatum. Binding of the radioligand was linear over protein concentrations of 0.05-1.5 mg, and greater than 6 hr of incubation was required to achieve maximal binding. In the amygdala, binding was inhibited in the presence of TRH and Me-TRH but not in the presence of up to 1 microM concentrations of cyclo (His-Pro), TRH-OH, pGlu-His or peptides unrelated to TRH. Pretreatment of amygdala synaptic membranes with detergents, proteases or phospholipases disrupted [3H]Me-TRH binding; pretreatment with DNase or collagenase had no effect on binding. Saturation and association/dissociation analyses of the binding of [3H]Me-TRH to purified amygdala synaptic membranes revealed the presence of a high affinity (KD = 2.0 nM), low capacity (Bmax = 180 +/- 16 fmoles/mg protein) binding site. These results demonstrate that a highly specific membrane associated receptor for TRH is present in the adult human brain. The specific role that this receptor plays in brain function remains to be elucidated.
Orthographically mediated inhibition effects: Evidence of activational feedback during visual word recognition

Models of visual word recognition that have adopted an interactive activation framework (e.g., Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993; Grainger & Jacobs, 1996) assume that activation can spread from semantic to orthographic representations via a feedback mechanism during visual word recognition. The present study used a mediated priming paradigm to test whether such feedback exists and, if so, under what conditions. Participants named aloud targets that were preceded either by a semantically related prime (e.g.,dog-cat) or by a prime that was related to the target via a mediating word (e.g., cat-g-bog). Direct evidence of activational feedback was obtained in the form of orthographically mediated inhibition effects. These mediated inhibition effects are consistent with activational feedback and support models of visual word recognition that have adopted an interactive activation framework.
Peritonsillar abscess in Kawasaki disease.

Abstract Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, Kawasaki disease, is a potentially fatal pediatric disease characterized by prolonged high fever, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, myocarditis, aseptic meningitis and coronary artery vasculitis. We present peritonsillar abscess as a previously unreported otolaryngologic symptom and presentation of Kawasaki disease. A previously healthy 7-year-old boy required hospitalization for a peritonsillar abscess. Despite adequate surgical drainage and appropriate intravenous antibiotics, the patients' systemic symptoms persisted. After the week of hospitalization, the child was transferred to the intensive care unit with acute myocarditis, heart failure and severe arthritis. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was confirmed with echocardiographic evidence of coronary artery aneurysms and the development of the characteristic hand and foot desquamation. The patient's symptoms resolved with salicylates and intravenous gamma globulin therapy. He was discharged in good condition after 3 weeks of hospitalization. This is the first report of Kawasaki syndrome presenting with peritonsillar abscess. Although we discuss a unique presentation of this disease, Kawasaki syndrome often exhibits other otolaryngologic findings early in its course. A literature review of the clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and therapy of this disease is presented.
Analytical techniques for the determination of lactones inPiper methysticum forst

The development and comparison of two analytical methods (HPLC in reversed phase and normal phase mode and GC) for the determination of six major lactones inP. methysticum is described in this paper. By all methods, a satisfying separation of these compounds could be achieved. Each method shows distinct advantages to previously published ones, regarding separation quality, time or conditions. Several kava samples were analyzed by these new or modified methods, and the qualitative and quantitative results obtained were comparable. Primary differences in separation times and detection limits were observed, so that each method might be preferable, depending on the requirements.
Higher-order multi-interval line coding

Multi-interval line coding (MILC) is considered with higher-order signalling. A simple recursive method to calculate the maximum number of valid MILC waveforms for any order of signalling is presented. Following the introduced recursive method, attractive higher-order MILC schemes are found. Properties of 3-ary and 4-ary MILC schemes are listed. MILC schemes that can increase the data rate by 25–40% over known PAM signals are reported.
Studies on the electron transfer system. LII. Binding of cytochome c by reconstituted DPNH oxidase

Abstract Varying amounts of cytochrome c are bound by a reconstituted DPNH oxidase complex. Cytochrome c added above a certain constant level does not result in increased DPNH oxidase activity. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the interaction of the polybasic cytochrome protein with particle-bound phospholipid. The necessity of a bound form of cytochrome c for DPNH oxidase activity is shown, and the implications of this general type of binding are discussed.
Transitions in creep mechanisms and creep anisotropy in Zr1Nb1Sn0.2Fe sheet

Abstract The creep characteristics of a Zr1Nb1Sn0.2Fe alloy sheet were investigated at temperatures from 773 to 923 K and at stresses ranging from 9 to 150 MPa along both the rolling and transverse directions. Transitions in creep mechanisms are noted, with diffusional viscous creep at low stresses, viscous-glide-controlled microcreep in the intermediate stress regime and the climb of edge dislocations at high stresses. The creep anisotropy decreases with a decrease in the stress exponent and the creep rates differ by only 30% in the viscous creep regime, while an order-of-magnitude difference is noted at high stresses. The solute-strengthening effect of Nb addition is evident in the stress regime where appropriate data are available. These transitions in creep mechansims clearly reveal the dangers in blind extrapolation of short-term high stress data to low stresses and long times relevant to in-reactor conditions. The creep behavior of these materials is similar to that noted in Class I alloys, while the transitions in deformation mechanisms in Zircaloy-4 resemble those found in pure metals or Class II alloys with no viscous glide mechanism.
IX. Neurochemical and functional consequences following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine

Abstract The neurochemical and functional consequences following MPTP administration to the rat were evaluated and compared to similar effects following methamphetamine administration. It was observed that MPTP induced long lasting depletions of striatal dopamine concentrations and this neurotoxic effect could be prevented by pargyline pretreatment. The MPTP-induced neuronal damage produced a tolerance to the disruptive effects of amphetamine and a supersentivitity to the disruptive effects of apomorphine in rats responding in a schedule controlled paradigm. Methamphetamine, like MPTP, produced depletions of striatal dopamine but these actions were potentiated by pargyline pretreatment. These observations are discussed in reference to possible deleterious effects following the administration of pargyline to patients with Parkinson's Disease.
Population Growth Efficiencies on Laboratory Hydra Pseudoligactis Hyman Populations

Population growth efficiencies (GE) of 22 laboratory populations of Hydra pseudoligactis fed Artemia sp. nauplii were determined. Maximum growth efficiencies of ca. 37% were observed for ingestion rates greater than 0.5 cal each day per calorie of hydra. The instantaneous growth rate increased continuously with increased ingestion above the minimum of ca. 0.25 cal each day per calorie of hydra. The maximum calculated net efficiency was ca. 55%. Although GE was constant above ingestion rates of 0.5, net efficiency and growth rates continued to increase with increasing rates of ingestion.
Robot design for high flow liquid pipe networks

In-pipe robots are important for inspection of pipe network that form vital infrastructure of modern society. Nevertheless, most in-pipe robots developed so far are targeted at working inside gas pipes and not suitable for liquid pipes. This paper presents a new approach for designing in-pipe robot to work inside a liquid environment in the presence of high drag forces. Three major subsystems - propulsion, braking, and turning - are described in detail with new concepts and mechanisms that differ from conventional in-pipe robots. Prototypes of each subsystem are designed, built and tested for validation. Resulting is a robot design that navigates efficiently inside liquid pipe network and can be used for practical inspection purposes.
Early events after skin injury: Observations on changes in Langerhans cells and Birbeck granules with role of phosphorylase kinase in the injury pathway

Background and Aim: To evaluate the role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the early events of the injury pathway, we studied activated and unactivated LCs in sequential biopsies from uninvolved skin of psoriatic and nonpsoriatic individuals using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Methods: Tape-stripping injury was used for cell activation. Changes suggestive of LC activation were observed as early as 5-30 min following tape-stripping. These consisted of abundant Golgi cisternae, proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum consistent with increased protein synthesis, increased folds and waviness of the nuclear membranes, and development of migratory status as shown by shortening of dendritic processes and presence of spaces around the LCs from detachment of the cell-membranes from the adjacent keratinocytes. Results: There were notable changes in Birbeck granules (BGs) in LCs, with an inverse correlation of BG density with cell activation as early as 5 min after tape-stripping. The BG was most abundant in the unactivated LCs, and least numerous after activation. With cell activation, BG was observed to be few and unstacked, with isolated granules opening to the cell surface. The presence of T6 antigen (CD1a) 30 min after tape-stripping, with loss of epidermal T6+ LCs and presence of T6+ LCs within the dermal blood vessels 24 h after tape-stripping, strongly suggest development of LCs' migratory status, followed by amplification of the immune response 7 days after tape-stripping. Conclusion: Because BG contain both C-type lectin (langerin) and T6 antigen (CD1a), BG in activated LCs may provide a mechanism whereby presynthesized molecules (langerin, T6/CD1a, toll receptors) necessary for early LC activation and migration may be simultaneously delivered to the cell surface membrane for rapid enhancement of activated cell function by nonpeptide antigens.
Time-gated medical imaging with ultrafast laser-plasma x rays

Laser-generated, hard x-rays are produced in a > 10 18 W/cm 2 focus of an ultrashort-pulse laser system. The application of ultrashort-duration, laser-generated x-rays to diagnostic medical imaging is discussed. Time-gated detection allows removal of scattered radiation, improved image quality and possible reduction of patient exposure. Methods for improvement of x-ray yield, design of appropriate drive lasers, and applications to mammography and angiography are also discussed.
Phospholipid distribution and stimulation of methylation during denervation and reinnervation in skeletal muscle.

Abstract Denervation of the rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles was induced by nerve crush. Functional signs of denervation were noted within 48 h with recovery beginning about the 12th day following denervation. There was also a marked decrease in muscle weight but only a small decrease in protein content per mg of muscle, subsequent to denervation. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks following nerve crush there was a relative decrease in muscle phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and a corresponding increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC). The proportion of the other phospholipids did not significantly change. The levels of PC and PE returned to, or in some cases slightly overshot, control values at 4 and 5 weeks following nerve crush, i.e. during the period of reinnervation. Levels in non-denervated contralateral muscles did not significantly change. At 1 and 3 weeks following nerve crush a marked increase was observed in the activities of the enzymes PE-methyltransferases I and II, as measured by [ 3 H]methyl group incorporation from S -adenosyl methionine into phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and PC. Increased activity of these methylases was seen in the contralateral control muscle, although less than in the denervated muscle. These enzymatic changes could be responsible for the changes in PE and PC distribution which we observed. Methylation of PE might also decrease the microviscosity of the membrane, thereby leading to other changes associated with denervation. Activation of this system might be another form of supersensitivity induced by denervation.
Selective Interaction of AGS3 with G-proteins and the Influence of AGS3 on the Activation State of G-proteins

Abstract AGS3 (activator ofG-protein signaling 3) was isolated in a yeast-based functional screen for receptor-independent activators of heterotrimeric G-proteins. As an initial approach to define the role of AGS3 in mammalian signal processing, we defined the AGS3 subdomains involved in G-protein interaction, its selectivity for G-proteins, and its influence on the activation state of G-protein. Immunoblot analysis with AGS3 antisera indicated expression in rat brain, the neuronal-like cell lines PC12 and NG108-15, as well as the smooth muscle cell line DDT1-MF2. Immunofluorescence studies and confocal imaging indicated that AGS3 was predominantly cytoplasmic and enriched in microdomains of the cell. AGS3 coimmunoprecipitated with Gαi3 from cell and tissue lysates, indicating that a subpopulation of AGS3 and Gαi exist as a complex in the cell. The coimmunoprecipitation of AGS3 and Gαi was dependent upon the conformation of Gαi3 (GDP ≫ GTPγS (guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate)). The regions of AGS3 that bound Gαi were localized to four amino acid repeats (G-protein regulatory motif (GPR)) in the carboxyl terminus (Pro463–Ser650), each of which were capable of binding Gαi. AGS3-GPR domains selectively interacted with Gαi in tissue and cell lysates and with purified Gαi/Gαt. Subsequent experiments with purified Gαi2 and Gαi3 indicated that the carboxyl-terminal region containing the four GPR motifs actually bound more than one Gαi subunit at the same time. The AGS3-GPR domains effectively competed with Gβγ for binding to Gαt(GDP) and blocked GTPγS binding to Gαi1. AGS3 and related proteins provide unexpected mechanisms for coordination of G-protein signaling pathways.
A Reconsideration of Self- and Organization-Referent Attitudes as "Causes" of the Glass Ceiling Effect

This article examines potential sex differences in self- and organization-referent attitudes and compares sex versus occupancy of a supervisory position and position in the organizational hierarchy...
A symmetrical component synthesizer and analyzer

The basic formulas of the method of symmetrical components may be verified and the elliptical pattern produced by unbalanced currents can be analyzed to determine directly from the dimensions of the ellipse the magnitudes of the positive and negative sequence components by means of the polyphase oscilloscope developed at the State University of Iowa.
Preparation of nonuniformly active catalysts

Abstract The effect of adding chemical coingredients to H2PtCl6 impregnating solutions in order to modify Pt profiles in spherical γ-alumina beads was studied. Coingredients included the following acids and salts: HCl, HF, HNO3, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric, AlCl3 NaCl, NaF, NaBr, NaNO3, Na3PO4, Na benzoate, and Na citrate. Radial Pt profiles were examined by electron probe microanalysis of bead cross sections. Nine distinctly different types of profiles were produced. NaBr was the only coingredient which produced a monotonically increasing Pt profile from bead center to surface. A simple model which describes the role of NaBr during the impregnation process was discussed. A method of producing monotonically decreasing Pt profiles from bead center to surface which involves incorporating both NaBr and citric acid in H2PtCl6 impregnating solution was studied.
Phase behavior at low oil contents in systems containing anionic surfactants

Abstract The transition from liquid crystalline to microemulsion phases has been investigated by adding oil to surfactant—alcohol—brine mixtures in two systems containing anionic surfactants. At high salinities where the surfactant is preferentially soluble in oil, addition of oil first causes transition from a lamellar liquid crystal to a water-continuous isotropic phase which exhibits streaming birefringence and probably contains large, anisotropic micelles. This isotropic phase inverts to an oil-continuous microemulsion as oil content further increases. At somewhat lower salinities just below the “optimum” where the surfactant has equal solubilization capacities for oil and brine, the system passes through three three-phase regions as oil is added. In order of increasing oil content, these consist of two microemulsions in equilibrium with a lamellar liquid crystalline phase, the same two microemulsions in equilibrium with excess brine, and a microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil and excess brine.
Cutting off Cardiologists: The Disappeared in “Puro corazón” by Luisa Valenzuela

Luisa Valenzuela’s neglected short story “Puro corazon” ('All Heart') uses surreal imagery and plot to write about the increasing violence in Buenos Aires during the time immediately prior to the Dirty War (la Guerra Sucia). By mimicking a police report, Valenzuela’s story manages to reproduce the experience of censorship and repression that denied the fate of the disappeared. This article shows how the story forges ludic connections between the human body (especially hearts, blood, and cardiologists), the censorship and repression in the early 1970s in Argentina, and the discourse that marked the official response to los desaparecidos, the disappeared.
Effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation on photoperiod-induced changes in the secretion of prolactin in the ewe.

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation (FHD) between the suprachiasmatic-preoptic region and the mediobasal hypothalamus on diurnal, seasonal, and photoperiod-induced changes in PRL secretion in ewes. In Exp 1, intact cycling ewes were subjected to either FHD or sham FHD. They were kept outdoors, and sequential hourly blood samples were taken for either 24 or 36 h during two breeding seasons and one nonbreed-ing season. Mean plasma PRL concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) during the nonbreeding season than during the breeding season in both FHD and sham FHD ewes. Although FHD did not block the seasonal changes, it reduced (P < 0.05) the 24-h mean concentration and diurnal peak concentration during the nonbreeding season. During the breeding seasons, there was no consistent diurnal pattern of PRL concentrations. In Exp 2, ovariectomized ewes were placed in a photochamber. After adaptation to an 8-h light, 16-h dark (8L:16D) photoperiod, they we...
Estimation of Interfacial Shear in Ceramic Composites from Frictional Heating Measurements

A new approach for estimating the interfacial frictional shear stress in fiber-reinforced ceramics is presented. The approach is based upon measurement of the temperature rise which occurs during the cyclic loading of ceramic composites. This temperature rise, which is caused by the frictional slip of fibers within the composite, is related to the level of frictional shear stress which exists along debonded interfaces. To illustrate the technique, the interfacial shear
Low-frequency noise characteristics of Gallium Arsenide MESFETs

Abstract Gallium Arsenide is a complex material with a high defect density and a poor surface. It is possible that several low-frequency noise producing mechanisms may occur in a single device. This note shows one such case.
A Branch and Bound Algorithm for Optimum Allocation of Float Nurses

This paper discusses a methodology developed for allocation of float nurses in short-term general hospitals. The severity of need for nursing care on a unit is measured from the perceptions of head nurses of the unit. A multivariate regression model is used to predict head nurses perceptions at the beginning of a shift from certain auditable variables. The multivariate regressions are used as an objective function in a branch and bound allocation model designed to allocate float nurses before the start of a shift. The model is tested in five nursing units of a study hospital, and results are presented.
The role of fluvial geomorphic processes in the dispersal of heavy metals from mine sites

Abstract It is not uncommon for more than 90% of the total metal load in rivers to be transported in the solid phase, either sorbed onto particle surfaces and coatings, or incorporated into mineral grains. Fluvial geomorphic processes are therefore of fundamental importance in the transport and fate of heavy metals derived from mine sites. In this paper, the role of physical processes in the dispersal of heavy metals in river systems are reviewed for channels that have (1) remained relatively unchanged in terms of process and form following the introduction of mine wastes, and (2) exhibited a significant metamorphosis in channel form in response to the influx of mining and milling debris. In general, all processes responsible for the variations in metal concentrations within sediments moving through stable channels also operate in channels undergoing metamorphosis. However, downstream, lateral, and vertical patterns in metal values tend to be more complex where channel transformations have occurred. This complexity results, in part, because temporal and spatial changes in the types, rates, and magnitudes of erosional and depositional processes lead to highly variable stratigraphic sequences of post-mining age, and because greater quantities of contaminated debris is stored along the channel margins where it can be eroded and sporadically redistributed during times of flood.
A simple model for business simulations

A business model is developed, based on the ideas of behavioral modeling, and two typical businesses are simulated including representations of environments and management strategies. The model is intended as a flexible framework for simulations useful in planning and is easily modified to represent particular situations, operating criteria, and available information. The performances of the two businesses are computed for a number of combinations of environment and management strategy.
Changes in angular momentum during the tennis serve

Three-dimensional cinematography and the direct linear transformation method were used to obtain the coordinates of the landmarks of five right-handed collegiate tennis players. A 15-segment model was used to calculate the total body angular momentum about three orthogonal axes (X, parallel to the baseline; Y, normal to baseline and pointing towards the net; and Z, pointing upwards) passing through the centre of mass and to obtain the segmental contribution of the trunk, arms and legs. Most of the clockwise angular momentum about the X-axis was concentrated in the trunk and the racket-arm. Between the events of maximum external rotation and ball impact, the clockwise angular momentum about the X-axis of rotation of most body segments was reduced and the racket-arm gained clockwise angular momentum. The body angular momentum about the Y-axis of rotation had two distinct patterns and was the result of the lateral rotation of the trunk as the racket shoulder was elevated in preparation for impact. This body angular momentum was clockwise from the event of maximum external rotation to impact for the players with the greatest ball speed, whereas it was counterclockwise for the other players. The angular momentum about the Z-axis of rotation was small and lacked a consistent pattern. The largest source of angular momentum in the tennis serve derives from the remote angular momentum about the X- and Y-axes of rotation, which are then transferred from the trunk to the racket-arm and finally to the racket. Near impact, most of the angular momentum (75.1%) was concentrated in the racket-arm. Of the angular momentum of the racket-arm, the largest percentages were concentrated in the racket (35.9%) and the forearm segment (25.7%).
Low levels of inorganic lead noncompetitively inhibit μ-calpain

Calpain is a ubiquitous calcium-dependent cysteine protease, whose cytoskeletal protein substrates suggest that it may be important in neuronal differentiation. Lead (Pb2+) is known to substitute for Ca2+ in a variety of intracellular processes, and interferes with the development of hippocampal neurons in vitro. We found that free Pb2+ at 1 nM does not activate calpain in the absence of Ca2+. Pb2+ inhibited the activity of calpain; the degree of calpain inhibition was dependent on an interaction between concentrations of both Ca2+ and Pb2+. In the presence of 1 microM free Ca2+, 10 pM free Pb2+ reduced calpain activity, but in the presence of 100 microM free Ca2+, 1 nM free Pb2+ failed to inhibit calpain. This provides evidence that Pb2+ competes for the Ca2+ binding sites on calpain. In the presence of 40 microM free Ca2+, 1 nM free Pb2+ significantly reduces Vmax without altering Km, suggesting that Pb2+ acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of calpain. Inhibition of calpain is one mechanism by which Pb2+ may interfere with neuronal development.
Prediction of rodent carcinogenic potential of naturally occurring chemicals in the human diet using high-throughput QSAR predictive modeling

Consistent with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Critical Path Initiative, predictive toxicology software programs employing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are currently under evaluation for regulatory risk assessment and scientific decision support for highly sensitive endpoints such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity. At the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Office of Food Additive Safety and the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research's Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff (ICSAS), the use of computational SAR tools for both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment applications are being developed and evaluated. One tool of current interest is MDL-QSAR predictive discriminant analysis modeling of rodent carcinogenicity, which has been previously evaluated for pharmaceutical applications by the FDA ICSAS. The study described in this paper aims to evaluate the utility of this software to estimate the carcinogenic potential of small, organic, naturally occurring chemicals found in the human diet. In addition, a group of 19 known synthetic dietary constituents that were positive in rodent carcinogenicity studies served as a control group. In the test group of naturally occurring chemicals, 101 were found to be suitable for predictive modeling using this software's discriminant analysis modeling approach. Predictions performed on these compounds were compared to published experimental evidence of each compound's carcinogenic potential. Experimental evidence included relevant toxicological studies such as rodent cancer bioassays, rodent anti-carcinogenicity studies, genotoxic studies, and the presence of chemical structural alerts. Statistical indices of predictive performance were calculated to assess the utility of the predictive modeling method. Results revealed good predictive performance using this software's rodent carcinogenicity module of over 1200 chemicals, comprised primarily of pharmaceutical, industrial and some natural products developed under an FDA-MDL cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA). The predictive performance for this group of dietary natural products and the control group was 97% sensitivity and 80% concordance. Specificity was marginal at 53%. This study finds that the in silico QSAR analysis employing this software's rodent carcinogenicity database is capable of identifying the rodent carcinogenic potential of naturally occurring organic molecules found in the human diet with a high degree of sensitivity. It is the first study to demonstrate successful QSAR predictive modeling of naturally occurring carcinogens found in the human diet using an external validation test. Further test validation of this software and expansion of the training data set for dietary chemicals will help to support the future use of such QSAR methods for screening and prioritizing the risk of dietary chemicals when actual animal data are inadequate, equivocal, or absent.
On rank three graphs with a large eigenvalue

Abstract Suppose a rank three graph has parameters n , k , λ, μ, and eigenvalues k , s , − r . Assume that s is larger than a certain function of μ and r and that the graph has a rank three permutation group acting on it; then the graph is a partial geometry. This supplements a theorem of R.C. Bose.
Ultrashort-Pulse Generation by Q -Switched Lasers

We have undertaken the complete temporal description of pulsed emission by a homogeneously broadened laser, including the effects of spontaneous emission, the detailed geometry of the laser cavity, and the variation of atomic polarization and level populations over wavelength distances. The model is based on traveling-wave equations which are derived from Maxwell's equations and solved in conjunction with boundary conditions imposed at the cavity mirrors. Thus, any direct assumptions concerning the nature of the laser's longitudinal mode structure is avoided. Variations in polarization and population over wavelength distances are treated by means of expansions in spatial Fourier series, having as fundamental a half optical wavelength. The Fourier series are truncated after the first harmonic. The treatment differs from earlier work in that the dephasing of the dipole moment is treated exactly without a rate-equation approximation. Spontaneous emission is simulated both as to spectrum and Gaussian character by including in the dipole equations stochastic shot-noise sources. The model equations are solved numerically, and results include the details of $Q$-switched pulse evolution from noise for both passive and active switching. In the case of an actively switched laser, the two-photon fluorescence intensity pattern has been calculated. It reveals a well-defined structure of subsidiary intensity maxima, even though subcavities are not assumed in the calculation. The pattern can be correlated directly with the emission pulse structure, and should vary from shot to shot. No single point in the pattern is suitable for a peak-to-background ratio determination. However, if the background is averaged over a distance in the fluorescing medium equal to twice the separation between cavity mirrors, the peak-to-background ratio would be \ensuremath{\approx} 1.6, indicating a highly uncorrelated spectrum.
Admission Preferences for Minority Students, Athletes, and Legacies at Elite Universities*

Objective. This study examines how preferences for different types of applicants exercised by admission offices at elite universities influence the number and composition of admitted students. Methods. Logistic regression analysis is used to link information on the admission decision for 124,374 applications to applicants' SAT scores, race, athletic ability, and legacy status, among other variables. Results. Elite universities give added weight in admission decisions to applicants who have SAT scores above 1500, are African American, or are recruited athletes. A smaller, but still important, preference is shown to Hispanic students and to children of alumni. The athlete admission “advantage” has been growing, while the underrepresented minority advantage has declined. Conclusions. Elite colleges and universities extend preferences to many types of students, yet affirmative action—the only preference given to underrepresented minority applicants—is the one surrounded by the most controversy.
Seborrheic dermatitis of infants: treatment with biotin injections for the nursing mother.

Four cases of extensive seborrheic dermatitis or Leiner9s disease are presented which dramatically improved after the nursing mother was given injections of biotin. The relationship between seborrheic dermatitis in infants and biotin deficiency is discussed and the literature reviewed. From this review it appears that breast milk is deficient in biotin in comparison to cow9s milk. The deficiency is further aggravated by poor maternal nutrition. Infection and diarrhea in the infant may also contribute to low blood levels of biotin. On the basis of this limited experience, injections of biotin to the nursing mother appear to be a useful treatment for the breast-fed infant with extensive seborrheic dermatitis.
Microscopic Simulation Model of Traffic Operations at Intersections in Malfunction Flash Mode

From time to time, intersection signal hardware malfunctions. In many instances, such a malfunction results in the intersection falling into a flashing operation. While in this mode, the signal indications presented to motorists may be red-red (R-R) flash (i.e., flashing red indications presented to all movements) or yellow-red flash (Y-R) (i.e., flashing yellow indications to the mainline movement and flashing red to all other movements). Transportation agencies must select one of these flash modes for intersection malfunction flash events. To help agencies develop flash mode policies, operational comparisons of Y-R and R-R flash are simulated over a range of volume demands at the intersection of two roadways with two lanes each. Driver behavior at the flashing intersection is modeled according to field data collected at more than 40 instances of malfunction flash. Results indicate that the common assumption that Y-R malfunction flash keeps the mainline moving is often incorrect. Under conditions of low ...
Smooth counterexamples to strong unique continuation for a Beltrami system in C 2

We construct an example of a smooth map C → C 2 which vanishes to infinite order at the origin, and such that the ratio of the norm of the ¯ derivative to the norm of the z derivative also vanishes to infinite order. This gives a counterexample to strong unique continuation for a vector valued analogue of the Beltrami equation.
Pleistocene Sand Ridges and Pans in Western Rhodesia

Long, wide, but extremely low, parallel ridges of sand are believed to represent the eroded stumps of former longitudinal dunes. Lacking erosion channels of any kind, they are probably unique features. The former dunes are thought to have been degraded mainly by sheet erosion, which was effected by (1) a high-intensity rainfall, (2) a partial vegetation cover, and (3) an unconsolidated, permeable sandy terrain. Probably this combination of factors is rare. Small basins in the troughs between the sand ridges are underlain by a mixture of sand and clay that came from the ridges. These basins are maintained by deflation, together with excavation by buffalo, elephant, and other large animals. The history of the ridges implies Pleistocene climatic change. A very wet period succeeded a very dry period. Also a short, recent dry period is suggested.
Revision Osteochondral Allograft Transplantations Do They Work

Background:Primary fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation is a useful treatment option for osteochondral lesions in the knee. Clinical failure of primary osteochondral allograft transplantation may require further surgery, including revision osteochondral allograft transplantation.Purpose:To evaluate outcomes of patients who have undergone revision osteochondral allograft transplantation of the knee.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:This series included 33 patients (33 knees) who underwent revision osteochondral allograft transplantation between 1983 and 2012, were at least 2 years out from surgery, and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical evaluations included the International Knee Documentation Committee pain, function, and total scores; Knee Society function score; and modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scale. Failure of the revision allograft was defined as conversion to partial or total knee arthroplasty.Results:The mean follow-up after revision osteochondral allograf...
Balancing the shadows

In this paper, we examine the ShadowWalker peer-to-peer anonymity scheme. ShadowWalker attempts to provide anonymity via circuits built using random walks over a secured topology. ShadowWalker's topology is secured through the use of shadows, peers that certify another node's routing information. We demonstrate two flaws in ShadowWalker. First, an attacker can compromise the underlying topology of ShadowWalker as a result of an insufficient numbers of shadows. We show that the failure of the underlying topology directly results in the failure of ShadowWalker to provide anonymity guarantees. Second, the dependence on untrusted nodes to certify other nodes allows an attacker to launch a selective denial of service attack. We show that there is an inherent tension between protecting against these two attacks: weakening the first attack strengthens the second attack and vice versa. We introduce a mechanism that generalizes ShadowWalker's lookup defense, and show that this mechanism can be tuned to simultaneously provide strong protection against both these attacks. Last, we implement ShadowWalker and provide performance measurements from a prototype deployment on PlanetLab.
Ultra Wideband Multibeam Optical Coherent Transient Radar

In this paper, we present an electro-optic radar receiver for wide bandwidth, high time-bandwidth-product radar returns that simultaneously performs parallel beamforming across arrays with thousands of antenna elements. This analog technique allows for correlation times of approximately 10 mus across 30 GHz of bandwidth without the use of extremely fast digitizing circuits or digital processors. To perform this technique, we upconvert the return waveforms from the antenna array onto an array of optical fibers by using an array of electro-optic modulators. From here, we can use a single lens as a Fourier optical beamformer. The frequency scaled beams are formed into a optical coherent transient (OCT) crystal along with an optically upconverted copy of the transmitted waveform. The OCT crystal correlates the return with the reference signal across all squinted beams. A chirped readout laser probes the spectrum of the correlation at each frequency bin across all beams while a synchronized zoom lens compensates for the frequency scaled location of the beams. The resulting beam spectra is Fourier transformed across time to generate the correlation peaks of the return signal. Pulse-to-pulse correlation peaks can be achieved using spatial multiplexing within the crystal or temporal multiplexing of the readout of the signal. We motivate such a system by calculating the digital processor requirements of a similar system, followed by a detailed description of the architecture
Microwave Repeater Site Planning and Development

In the overall planning of a microwave system the propagation experts must work in conjunction with the site development engineers. The site development group will require the services of civil and mechanical engineering consultants. These people should operate together in choosing each and every site so that propagation versus site development economics can be compared at every step. For the purpose of this symposium the two problems will be discussed separately.
Analysis and Exact Synthesis of Cascaded Commensurate Transmission-Line C-Section All-Pass Networks

An analysis of cascaded commensurate transmission-line C-section all-pass networks is presented. The analytical form of the transmission coefficient is found to have a very simple form, intimately related to the reflection coefficient of the stepped-impedance transformer prototype of the cascaded C-section. The phase function of cascaded commensurate transmission-line C-sections is investigated and found to be the arctangent of a reactance function in tan /spl theta/. Last, general, exact synthesis procedures for designing cascaded commensurate transmission-line C-section all-pass networks to have prescribed phase characteristics are presented, and two design examples are given. One of the examples is the exact design of a 3-section Schiffman 90/spl deg/ phase shifter, which has not been previously reported in the literature.
IUCL: Combining Information Sources for SemEval Task 5

We describe the Indiana University system for SemEval Task 5, the L2 writing assistant task, as well as some extensions to the system that were completed after the main evaluation. Our team submitted translations for all four language pairs in the evaluation, yielding the top scores for English-German. The system is based on combining several information sources to arrive at a final L2 translation for a given L1 text fragment, incorporating phrase tables extracted from bitexts, an L2 language model, a multilingual dictionary, and dependency-based collocational models derived from large samples of targetlanguage text.
Loxodromes: A Rhumb Way to Go

A rhumb is a course on the Earth of constant bearing. For example, to travel from New York to London a voyager could head at a constant bearing 73◦ east of north. Loxodrome is a Latin synonym for rhumb, and has come to be used more as a geometric term—the course is a rhumb, the curve is a loxodrome. On a surface of revolution, meridians are copies of the revolved curve; on the earth, they are north-south lines of constant longitude. A loxodrome intersects all the meridians at the same angle. A circle of constant latitude is a loxodrome (perpendicular to meridians). Any other loxodrome can be continued forwards and backwards, winding infinitely often around the poles in limiting logarithmic spirals, as in FIGURE 1.
An estrogen-dependent glycoprotein is synthesized and released from the oviduct in a temporal- and region-specific manner during early pregnancy in the ewe.

Administration of estradiol-17j7 (E) to ovariectomized (ovx) sheep results in the synthesis and release of an M, 90 00092 000 glycoprotein into the oviductal lumen and into culture medium of ampullar explants (Biol Reprod 1992; 47:889-902). The objective of this study was to determine when and from what region of the oviduct the Mr 90 000-92 000 glycoprotein is synthesized and released during early pregnancy. Estrous ewes were bred to intact rams of known fertility, and oviducts were obtained at estrus (Day 0) and at Days 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 16 of pregnancy. Pregnancy was verified by the presence of a fertilized egg or developing conceptus and a functional corpus luteum. Oviductal secretions were collected by flushing oviducts with saline and by explant culture. The oviductal fimbria, ampulla, and isthmus were individually cultured (24 h) in the presence of 5 H-leucine (3H-leu) or H-glucosamine (H-glcN). The presence of the Mr 90 000-92 000 glycoprotein in oviductal flushings and culture medium was determined by fluorography and Western blotting. The Mr 90 000-92 000 protein was present in SDS gels and blots of oviductal flushings from animals through Days 4-6 of pregnancy, but not in flushings from Day 16 pregnant animals or from ovx, untreated animals. This protein was present in H-leu- and 'H-glcN-labeled culture medium of the oviductal ampulla (Days 0, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 16) and fimbria (Days 0, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4) during early pregnancy. The M, 90 000-92 000 protein was not detected in oviductal ampulla or fimbria culture medium obtained from ovx animals, nor was it present in culture medium of the isthmus oviduct obtained from estrous and pregnant animals. These data show that the E-dependent Mr 90 000-92 000 glycoprotein is synthesized and released by the oviduct in a temporally and regionally specific manner during early pregnancy as the gametes and fertilized egg are traversing the tube and prior to a systemic rise in progesterone.
Evidence for familial association of psychiatric disorders and epilepsy.

We tested the genetic association hypothesis between psychiatric disorders and epilepsy by comparing the incidence of psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of patients with acquired epilepsy and others with genetic epilepsy
Analytical chemistry information at NIST

Abstract NIST is a unique and valuable source of scientific data. It is now just starting to make some of this data available, presently at no cost, to the chemical community. Plans are now underway to expand the types and amounts of data which will be on the Chemistry Webbook site. Included in this will be limited, but useful, access to the NIST IR and mass spectral data. As the amount of high quality data available increases, this web site will be an even more valuable tool. I suggest you visit it often.