cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ALLERGY-RELATED DISEASES AND CANCER: AN INVERSE ASSOCIATION

This paper presents the results of a retrospective study that examines the association of cancer with a history of asthma, hay fever, hives, and other allergy-related diseases. This study is based on interview data collected from 13,665 cancer cases and 4,079 nonneoplastic controls who were admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1957 to 1965. Although there is a general tendency for the age- and cigarette smoking-adjusted odds ratios associated with a history of asthma and hay fever to be less than 1, for both males and females, there is stronger evidence for a decreased risk of cancer associated with a history of hives and other allergy-related diseases. Decreased risks associated with a history of hives and other allergies are seen in males for oral cancer, cancers of the lung, larynx, digestive system, urinary system, and cancers of all sites combined and in females for cancers of the digestive system, reproductive system, in particular, cancer of the cervix, and cancers of all sites combined. None of the few odds ratios over 1 associated with a history of any allergy-related condition are statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). These findings suggest that individuals with allergy-related disorders may be at decreased risk of cancer, although reasons for cautious interpretation of the findings are emphasized. Prospective studies of carefully defined allergic disease cohorts are needed.
The Measurement of Public Opinion

Since the last decade has witnessed an unparalleled outlay of energy in discussing public opinion, and in inventing devices intended to add precision to the discussion, it is not untimely to take stock of our present position in the matter. If this paper can be said to support a single thesis, it is that the problem of measurement can be considered most profitably in relation to a set of nuclear concepts about public opinion. To measure is to render more precise; measuring efforts which undertake to render faulty concepts more precise are foreordained to be more precisely faulty. I shall begin by passing certain general conceptions in review, and we shall see whether the upshot warrants us in believing that we shall thereby achieve a sounder view of the measurement problem. Political changes come to pass by unreflecting innovation, by private planning and adjustment, and by acts which involve the attention of many people at some stage of their elaboration. Much of the etiquette of public administration has come into being without anyone taking thought of it. Much has been devised by a single person, who quietly transmitted his innovation to a limited circle, and ensured its permanence. But some of the features of political life have a more extended history. Men have argued, and even bled, for national independence, for the extension of the franchise, for the devolution of authority, for the qualified independence of the judiciary.
Identifying Representative Weather-Impact Scenarios for Flow Contingency Management

Flow contingency management aims to improve the strategic traffic flow management decision making processes. This research effort has focused on developing quantitative analysis methods for predicting weather impact and designing mitigation strategies in response. Due to significant weather uncertainty present in the strategic planning horizon, probabilistic forecasts are developed to capture the range of weather outcomes. However, to facilitate the strategic planning process and the design of specific traffic management initiatives, these outcomes need to be characterized and grouped into a small number of representative scenarios. A mechanism for clustering weather-impact scenarios based on an ensemble weather forecast product is thus proposed that develops weather-impact metrics and applies a clustering approach to identify the representative groups. The identified groups will be evaluated using the Flow Contingency Management Framework under various delay mitigation strategies for examining the effectiveness of the scenario clustering mechanism.
Metabolic Fate of Benzoyl chloride (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazone (Banamite Acaricide) in the Twospotted Spider Mite

The metabolism of radiocarbon-labeled benzoyl chloride (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazone (Banamite®) by Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied in vivo and in vitro . Banamite penetrated rapidly but was metabolized slowly by the mites. The major identified metabolites were benzaldehyde 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazone and benzoic acid 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazide. Minor identified metabolites were 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, benzaldoxime, 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine, and benzoic acid. Several unidentified radioactive materials also were present.
The failing heart and the circulation.

Altered loading conditions can sometimes produce serious heart failure, even though myocardial contractility is not depressed. The role of afterload in some forms of heart failure is emphasized, as are the conditions termed afterload mismatch, in which afterload is excessive “absolutely” or relative to diminished contractility. A related aspect is the role of the peripheral circulation.
Left ventricular aneurysm: Ten years’ experience in surgical treatment of 244 cases. Improved clinical status, hemodynamics, and long-term longevity

This report reviews 244 patients with postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm operated upon between 1971 and 1980. The location of the left ventricular aneurysm was anteroapical (64.7%), apical (21.3%), posteroinferior (8.6%), or lateral (5.3%). The aneurysm was caused by a significant lesion of two coronary arteries in 38.9%, of three in 33.6%, and of a single left anterior descending artery in 26.6%. The indication for operation was angina (61.1%), congestive heart failure (9.8%), intractable ventricular arrhythmias (7.8%), or a combination of the above (20.9%). Of the 218 patients who survived the perioperative period (mean 56.5 months' follow-up), 85.3% were relieved of angina and 70.5% were in Class I or II of the New York Heart Association, as compared to 16% prior to operation. Cardiac index increased from 2.4 +/- 0.7 L/min/BSA before left ventricular aneurysmectomy to 3 +/- 0.5 L/min/BSA (p less than 0.001) at 1 to 12 weeks' follow-up. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased from 111.4 +/- 55.4 ml/m2 before left ventricular aneurysmectomy to 73 +/- 21.7 ml/m2 (p less than 0.001) 1 year or more later. Mean velocity of circumflex fiber shortening of the contractile portion had increased from 0.7 +/- 0.3 circ/sec before left ventricular aneurysmectomy to 0.94 +/- 0.29 circ/sec (p less than 0.05) at 1 year or more. Left ventricular aneurysmectomy alone was performed in 10.7% patients, with an operative mortality of 7.7% and an actuarial 10 year survival rate of 56.8% +/- 10.6%. Left ventricular aneurysmectomy with coronary artery bypass was done in 89.3% of the patients, with an operative mortality of 11% and an actuarial 10 year survival rate of 69% +/- 3.6%. Operative mortality after grafting of the left anterior descending artery, its diagonal branch, and the circumflex artery was 9.5%, 11.3%, and 11.9%, respectively, and the actuarial 10 year survival rate was 72.8% +/- 3.8%, 70.7% +/- 7%, and 66.3% +/- 6%, respectively. Left ventricular aneurysmectomy combined with procedures on the mitral, aortic, or tricuspid valves or closure of a ventricular septal defect was done in 8.2%, with an operative mortality of 20% and an actuarial 10 year survival rate of 60% +/- 10.9%.
High Frequency Ventilation

High frequency ventilation (HFV) presents a new respiratory therapy modality that has taught us much about the theories of gas transport in the lung. Both experimental and clinical applications are summarized. Although the future clinical role of HFV remains uncertain, pediatric applications and investigation continue at the forefront of this new technology.
A Molecular Ruthenium Electrocatalyst for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to CO and Formate

The use of a bulky bipyridine ligand, 6,6′-dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine (mesbpy), to enable the reduction of carbon dioxide by a Ru-based molecular electrocatalyst is reported. Under catalytic conditions, this compound exhibits turnover frequencies of 1300 s–1 and 95% Faradaic efficiency for the production of CO and H2O from CO2 in the presence of Bronsted acids. Mechanistic electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies, supplemented by the direct synthesis of relevant intermediates, indicate that this behavior is the result of the cooperative redox response of the bipyridine ligand and Ru metal center at negative potentials, as well as the inhibition of Ru–Ru bond formation through steric interactions.
Psychotherapy Integration: Problems and Issues

This chapter begins the second section of this book and concerns psychotherapy integration. It starts with a discussion of psychotherapy proliferation and resulting training problems at both the pre- and post-doctoral level. The persistent resistance of clinicians to incorporate empirically supported treatments (ESTs) into their clinical practice is discussed. Reasons against ESTs include issues of comorbidity, ethnicity, diagnostic diversity, ease of conducting research, possible prohibition of some practices, limiting professional choice, and overreliance on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual . Reasons for ESTs include consumer protection, professional ethics, and the science base of clinical practice. Unique to this chapter is the proposition that resistance to ESTs stems from frustrating the scholarly motive for doing psychotherapy. The scholarly motive concerns how the therapist formulates what is wrong and what needs to be done. This motive is currently frustrated by an unintended consequence of EST research and the presence of an evidence–theory knowledge gap. The need for empirically supported principles (ESPs) is presented. Advantages include prevention of the needless proliferation of ‘Purple Hat’ therapies, fosters identification of active ingredients, simplification of clinical training, and the return of clinical practice to a principled basis.
Narrative Cemetery: Ritual Arrangement and Rearrangement. A Design Proposal for Michigan Memorial Park Cemetery USA

“The Narrative Cemetery” proposes a reconsideration of contemporary American rituals of burial and methods of memorializing individuals. An archive of family histories is developed to become a field of monuments confronting several issues within the contemporary culture of burial. Narratives hold a pivotal role when grieving, in the process of “rearrangement”. The Narrative Monument engages this phenomena by interpreting and displaying stories of the deceased on a field of markers and monuments. Personalized and tactile markers engage the mourner and build an immersive setting for ritual, in which the presence of the individual is felt and immortalized.
An Ordinary Day

Just as with the unintentional reflection of myself in the photograph I took of a child through a window, I set out to study children and inevitably ended up having to take a close look at myself. When working with children I just did what I felt was right, and although I could retrospectively justify my actions with theory, there was a dimension of intuition and an ethics of being “on the side of the child” (Neill, 1969, p. 5) that seemed to be more powerful in guiding action than standards and regulations. This “intuition” was an affective state of doing something good, something caring. At Summerhill School, where I have been working for the past five years (at the time of writing), this became more prominent, but it has always been difficult to communicate just what this state of caring, of being guided by intuition, meant and how it felt. This autoethnography is an attempt to convey, if only a tiny bit of what being a Summerhillian means to me.
Sustainable self-consolidating concrete using recycled asphalt pavement and high volume of supplementary cementitious materials

Abstract This study presents the results of laboratory investigation of fresh, hardened and durability characteristics of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing high volume of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) including class C fly-ash (FA) and slag (S) with recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate. Sixteen mixtures were prepared with different percentages of FA, S, and RAP. SCC mixtures were divided into four groups where each group had a different percentage of RAP replacing NCA (0%, 15%, 30%, 50%) and Portland cement being replaced by different percentages of SCMs (0%, 75% FA, 75% S and combination of 37.5% FA and 37.5% S). The water to cementitious material (w/cm) ratio for SCC mixtures in this study was maintained to be 0.4 with a target slump flow higher than 500 mm. The fresh concrete properties such as: flowability, deformability, filling capacity and resistance to segregation were measured. Moreover, hardened properties such as compressive strength at 3, 14 and 28 days and split tensile strength at 28 days were measured and durability characteristics including unrestrained shrinkage up to 90 days and chloride permeability resistance at 45 and 90 days were tested. The use of SCMs and RAP affected both the fresh and hardened properties of SCC. Analysis of experimental data showed that all the mixtures satisfied the SCC fresh properties requirements. The addition of RAP and SCMs had an adverse effect on both the compressive and tensile strength of concrete mixtures. However the use of SCMs has positive effects on the unrestrained shrinkage and permeability.
Abstract 28: Carboxyalkyl-pyrrole Phosphatidylethanolamine Adducts Are Present In Vivo And Induce Platelet Activation Via Toll-like Receptor

A prothrombotic state and increased platelet reactivity are common in pathophysiological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation, a major consequence of oxidative stress generates highly reactive products capable of modifying autologous proteins as well as lipids. Hydroxy-ω-oxoalkenoic acids and their carboxyalkylpyrrole (CAP) protein adducts are recently described products of lipid peroxidation with strong biological activity mediated by Toll like receptors (TLR). Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant phospholipid in the living organisms. While recent studies suggest that PE is a major target for covalent modification by reactive products of lipid peroxidation, the presence of such products in vivo, their biological activities and receptors involved are not established. We now report that CAP-PE adducts are present in vivo in circulation and are significantly elevated in plasma of hyperlipidemic apoE-/- mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CAP-PE adducts induce platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation, P-selectin expression and promote platelet aggregation. Multiple complimentary approaches demonstrated that platelet activation by CAP-PE is mediated by TLR2 and TLR1. Furthermore, direct interaction of CAP-PE and TLR2 was demonstrated. CAP-PE induced assembly of TLR2/TLR1 receptor complex in platelets leading to downstream signaling via MyD88/TIRAP-dependent pathway. CAPs-PE induced signaling included phosphorylation and activation of IRAK4 and subsequent activation of TRAF6, Src family kinase, Syk and PLCγ2. Thus, our study identified carboxyalkylpyrrole adducts of phosphatidylethanolamine as novel end products accumulating in circulation in hyperlipidemia that can induce platelet activation via innate immunity signaling pathway.
Interactive Virtual and Physical Manipulatives for Improving Students’ Spatial Skills:

An innovative educational technology called interactive virtual and physical manipulatives (VPM) is developed to improve students’ spatial skills. With VPM technology, not only can students touch a...
Hereafter: Off the Grid

Lines of Geography concludes that Western notions of “development” have thrived on a geographically enabled extractivism that has reached its limits in this new era of the Anthropocene. To examine these contemporary issues in more depth, the final chapter turns to Amerindian animistic thought as a potential exit strategy for the multiple crises spawned by global capitalism. It anchors on Argentine director Andres Di Tella’s documentary El pais del diablo (2007), which complicates Zeballos’s participation in the Conquista del Desierto and illustrates the sustained impulse across time and space to use geography and language to discipline the Latin American nation, be it punitively, didactically, or institutionally. The chapter leaves readers with post-Eurocentric paradigms as a path to a hereafter that is compatible with modern capitalist civilization.
As-Loaded Criticality Margin Assessment of Dual-Purpose Canisters Using UNF-ST&DARDS

AbstractA novel assessment has been completed to determine the previously unquantified and uncredited criticality margin available in as-loaded commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters. This assessment was performed as part of a broader effort to assess issues and uncertainties with storage, subsequent transportation, and final disposal of SNF canister systems. Detailed analyses crediting the burnup, initial enrichment, and postirradiation cooling time of actual SNF inventory were performed for 554 SNF canisters stored at 23 commercial reactor sites to determine realistic criticality safety margins. These detailed analyses were automated by the Used Nuclear Fuel-Storage, Transportation & Disposal Analysis Resource and Data System (UNF-ST&DARDS), a comprehensive, integrated data and analysis tool. Calculated, uncredited criticality margins (Δkeff) with respect to the safety analysis results range from 0 to almost 0.30 Δkeff for normal storage and transportation cases. Calculated eigenvalues (keff) ran...
Impact of the US FDA "Biopharmaceutics Classification System" (BCS) Guidance on Global Drug Development.

The FDA guidance on application of the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) for waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) studies was issued in August 2000. Since then, this guidance has created worldwide interest among biopharmaceutical scientists in regulatory agencies, academia, and industry toward its implementation and further expansion. This article describes how the review implementation of this guidance was undertaken at the FDA and results of these efforts over last dozen years or so across the new, and the generic, drug domains are provided. Results show that greater than 160 applications were approved, or tentatively approved, based on the BCS approach across multiple therapeutic areas; an additional significant finding was that at least 50% of these approvals were in the central nervous system (CNS) area. These findings indicate a robust utilization of the BCS approach toward reducing unnecessary in vivo BE studies and speeding up availability of high quality pharmaceutical products. The a...
Commuting in Los Angeles: Cancer and Non-Cancer Health Risks of Roadway, Light-Rail and Subway Transit Routes

Workers within the megacity of Los Angeles are exposed to significant amounts of airborne particulate matter (PM) during their daily commutes, which often exceed 30–60 minutes each way. Chemical species present in roadway and railway PM, including Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), present substantial cancer and non-cancer health risks. In the current study, PM samples were collected and quantitatively speciated along five major commuter routes, including the METRO red line (subway) and gold line (light rail), the I-110 and I-710 freeways, and high-density surface streets (Sunset and Wilshire Boulevards). Using these concentration data, along with cancer potency (CP) and Reference Dosage (RfD) factors obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), cancer and non-cancer health risks were calculated. In contrast to previous research indicating that Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) components of Los Angeles roadway PM (e.g., along the I-710 freeway) led to the greatest cancer risk, the current analysis reveals that exposure to carcinogenic transition metals, particularly hexavalent chromium, which are especially prevalent along the METRO red line, results in the greatest cancer and non-cancer health risks. Based on these data, the best option for commuters is to use above-ground light-rail transportation, which allows for reduced exposure to both traffic-generated PAHs and railway-related metals.
Zero-bias anomaly in nanoscale hole-doped Mott insulators on a triangular silicon surface

Adsorption of 1/3 monolayer of Sn on a heavily doped $p$-type Si(111) substrate results in the formation of a hole-doped Mott insulator, with electronic properties that are remarkably similar to those of the high-${T}_{c}$ copper oxide compounds. In this work, we show that the maximum hole-density of this system increases with decreasing domain size as the area of the Mott insulating domains approaches the nanoscale regime. Concomitantly, scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) data at 4.4 K reveal an increasingly prominent zero-bias anomaly (ZBA). We consider two different scenarios as potential mechanisms for this ZBA: chiral ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}+\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{i}{d}_{xy}$ wave superconductivity and a dynamical Coulomb blockade (DCB) effect. The latter arises due to the formation of a resistive depletion layer between the nanodomains and the substrate. Both models fit the tunneling spectra with weaker ZBAs, while the DCB model clearly fits better to spectra recorded at higher temperatures or from the smallest domains with the strongest ZBA. Consistently, STS spectra from the lightly doped substrates display oscillatory behavior that can be attributed to conventional Coulomb staircase behavior, which becomes stronger for smaller sized domains. We conclude that the ZBA is predominantly due to a DCB effect, while a superconducting instability is absent or a minor contributing factor.
Milling behavior and microstructure of rice dried using microwave set at 915 MHz frequency

Abstract In industrial milling of rice, the practice is to target certain degree of milling (DOM) which primarily depend on end-use requirement. Unlike convective heated air (CHA) drying, volumetric heating phenomenon which is associated with industrial microwave (MW) drying of rice at 915 MHz frequency could induce unique changes in rice microstructure; this is likely to impact the rice milling characteristics, especially the DOM. Medium grain rough rice at 24% moisture content (wet basis) at bed thicknesses of 0.01 and 0.05 m was dried in a one-pass, continuous drying operation for 8 min using pilot scale MW set at specific energy of 450, 600 and 750 kJ/kg. Samples from each treatment were milled for durations of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 s. The result shows that, more than 80% of the SLC were removed by 30 s of milling duration for both MW and CHA dried samples. Irregular and hexagonal structure typically alluded to starch granules reduced as the specific energy increased. At specific energy of 750 kJ/kg, the core of the MW dried rice kernel indicated features related to thermal decomposition. The study findings are crucial to determining MW drying condition that maintain the rice milling characteristics.
Altered salt taste response and increased tongue epithelium Scnna1 expression in adult Engrailed-2 null mice.

Abstract Sensory impairments are critical for diagnosing and characterizing neurodevelopmental disorders. Taste is a sensory modality often not well characterized. Engrailed-2 (En2) is a transcription factor critical for neural development, and mice lacking En2 (En2−/−) display signs of impaired social interaction, cognitive processes (e.g., learning and memory, conditioned fear), and neurodevelopmental alterations. As such, En2−/− mice display the behavioral deficits and neural impairments characteristic of the core symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of this study was to characterize the taste function in En2−/− compared with En2+/+ in adult male mice. Measuring taste responsiveness by an automated gustometer, En2 null mice had decreased lick responses for 1.6 M fructose, whereas they demonstrated an increased taste responsivity (i.e., relative to water) at 0.3 M sodium chloride and 1 M monosodium glutamate. In a separate cohort of mice, En2−/− mice had an increased preference for sodium chloride over a range of concentrations (0.032–0.3 M) compared with En2+/+ mice. Regional gene expression of the tongue epithelium demonstrated an increase in Scnn1a, T2R140, T1R3, and Trpm5 and a decrease in Pkd1l3 in En2 null mice. Taken together, such data indicate that deficits in En2 can produce sensory impairments that can have a measurable impact on taste, particularly salt taste.
The Behavior of Amoebae

The amoeba is said to be one of the simplest organisms to show behavior. By this I mean that its spontaneous activity is modified and modulated by changes in the environment. It responds adaptively to various kinds of physical and chemical stimuli and wages battle with both predators and prey. The behavior of amoebae is a subject about which far too little is known, but I shall try to summarize what knowledge we have and point out some interesting unsolved problems.
Animal Models of Tauopathy

Overall, animal models exist that replicate most, if not all of the pathological features of tauopathies. New models such as the inducible tau mouse will be especially useful to order events in pathogenesis, and mice that develop both amyloid plaques and tangles will be valuable tools for testing drugs.
Dynamical interactions in EuAs O 4 (Gd) and EuV O 4 (Gd)

Electron-paramagnetic-resonance experiments on ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ impurities in the singlet-ground-state zircon systems EuAs${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and EuV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been used to study the various possible dynamical interactions in these systems. The low-lying degenerate excited states of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ in these compounds can produce dynamical electric, magnetic, and exchange fields in the lattice. From the ratios of the linewidths in the fine-structure spectra of EuAs${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$(Gd) and EuV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$(Gd), we find that the dynamical magnetic and/or exchange fields are dominant over the dynamical electric fields caused by the Jahn-Teller effect. From the relative magnitudes of the linewidths in the two compounds, we conclude that exchange interactions are more important than the magnetic dipolar effects.
Body Mass Index, Natriuretic Peptides, and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: Analysis From the TOPCAT Trial.

Background The prognostic interrelationship between natriuretic peptide (NP) levels and body mass index (BMI) among patients with chronic stable heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is no...
Chromosome 18 gene dosage map 2.0

In 2009, we described the first generation of the chromosome 18 gene dosage maps. This tool included the annotation of each gene as well as each phenotype associated region. The goal of these annotated genetic maps is to provide clinicians with a tool to appreciate the potential clinical impact of a chromosome 18 deletion or duplication. These maps are continually updated with the most recent and relevant data regarding chromosome 18. Over the course of the past decade, there have also been advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning genetic disease. Therefore, we have updated the maps to more accurately reflect this knowledge. Our Gene Dosage Map 2.0 has expanded from the gene and phenotype maps to also include a pair of maps specific to hemizygosity and suprazygosity. Moreover, we have revamped our classification from mechanistic definitions (e.g., haplosufficient, haploinsufficient) to clinically oriented classifications (e.g., risk factor, conditional, low penetrance, causal). This creates a map with gradient of classifications that more accurately represents the spectrum between the two poles of pathogenic and benign. While the data included in this manuscript are specific to chromosome 18, they may serve as a clinically relevant model that can be applied to the rest of the genome.
A two-level Plackett-Burman non-geometric experimental design for main and two factor interaction sensitivity analysis of zigzag-channel PCHEs

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is currently being studied as the working fluid in producing power using the Brayton cycle due to its excellent physical and thermodynamic properties, especially near the critical point. Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) are being considered for use as condensers and recuperators for this purpose due to their high strength and compact designs. This paper examines the sensitivity of the Nusselt number ( Nu ), Colburn factor ( j ), and Fanning friction factor ( f ) for zigzag-channel PCHEs to 20 geometric design factors and operating conditions. A two-level Plackett-Burman, non-geometric resolution III experimental design with no replications was used. This experimental design was then folded over to produce a resolution IV design to eliminate confounding of main factor effects. Main factor and two factor interaction effects were examined. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate each tested case. Data indicates that zigzag-channel PCHE thermal-hydraulic performance parameters are most sensitive to changes in channel bend angle, bend angle radius of curvature, mass flow rate, and channel width. Additionally, some two factor interactions of the more significant main factors were found to be of importance.
Numerical Analysis of Baffles Effect on Thermal Storage Capacity Inside Hot Water Storage Tank

In this contribution two dimensional numerical study was carried out in order to see the effect of baffles length on discharge time and thermal stratification in storage tank to be used in photovoltaic thermal hybrid system. Navier Stockes and energy equations are modelled using finite volume method. Focus is particularly on analysing the effect of baffles number having disc form placed in alternating rows on thermal stratification and discharge time. The found results revelled that the baffles optimal length in case of (B) configuration yielded the best thermal stratification and minimal discharge time. All in all, the current results agree to a large extent with those reported in literature.
Multi-Carrier Jamming Mitigation: A Proactive Game Theoretic Approach

Wireless communications systems are highly vulnerable to jamming. There is a large body of research demonstrating the potential of smart-jamming that targets specific mechanisms in a wireless stack. Many proactive mitigation techniques sacrifice performance for guaranteed robustness. In this work, we develop a proactive mitigation approach for multi-carrier wireless links. The approach is formulated within the framework of game theory. We show that the interaction between a multi-carrier multi-rate system (in particular OFDM) and a power-limited jammer can be formulated as a constrained zero-sum or a bimatrix game. We show that the Nash equilibrium strategies can be derived analytically and numerically and we apply them to the special case of IEEE 802.11 OFDM links.
METASTATIC NEUROENDOCRINE PROSTATE CANCER, AN AGGRESSIVE PROSTATE MALIGNANCY: A REPORT OF TWO CASES WITH ORAL MANIFESTATIONS

Objectives Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal prostate malignancy with a median survival of less than 1 year from time of detection. NEPC can occur de novo or more commonly as a treatment emergent phenomenon (t-NEPC). t-NEPC occurs in a subset of patients with metastatic-castration resistant prostate cancer. Two cases of t-NEPC with oral manifestations are presented highlighting the pathologic features and the varied clinical context in which these lesions presented. Patients and Methods Case 1) A 79 year-old man with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma undergoing hormone treatment presented with a fungating mass of the right maxilla and palate, clinically suspicious for squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy revealed a high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Case 2) A 76 year-old man with a history of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma receiving zoledronic acid and denosumab treatment for bony metastases, presented with mandibular fracture. A segmental resection without reconstruction with debridement was performed with a clinical diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The pathology revealed a high grade neuroendocrine cell tumor. Both cases were positive for neuroendocrine markers chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56, and stained negative for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific acid phosphatase (PSAP). Both tumors demonstrated a proliferative index (Ki-67) of 60-70%. An extended panel of immunostains appeared to eliminate other entities from consideration. Conclusions Awareness of t-NECP is of importance to correctly diagnosis the entity, recognizing that tumor markers such as PSA and PSAP are negative, and standard serum markers for prostate carcinoma may be stable or show no increase with progression of disease. Neuroendocrine carcinoma in the setting of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient with prostate carcinoma needs to be included in the differential diagnosis.
From Molecular Understanding to Organismal Biology of N-Terminal Acetyltransferases.

In this issue of Structure, Deng et al. (2019) determine the structure of the yeast N-terminal acetyltransferases Naa10 and Naa50 in complex with Naa15 and demonstrate that Naa50 has negligible catalytic activity on its own but modulates Naa10/Naa15. This study provides insights into mechanisms involving amino-terminal acetylation of proteins.
Protecting Sex Trafficking Victims Through Expungement and Vacatur Statutes: Will Virginia Join the Rest of the Nation?

The Virginia General Assembly is making great headway in the fight against sex trafficking, and for that it should be commended. But it is lacking in one key area – enabling victims to expunge or vacate certain offenses from their criminal records. By the very nature and definition of the crime, sex trafficking victims are forced to engage in criminal activity. But rather than identify these individuals as victims in need of care, law enforcement often mistakenly processes them as criminals. With prostitution and related convictions on their records, sex trafficking survivors face significant barriers to obtaining housing, employment, public benefits, etc. Thankfully, there is a solution. Known as "criminal record relief laws," these laws enable sex trafficking victims to clear their criminal records of certain offenses that occurred as a result of their being trafficked. While the statutes vary significantly across the states with respect to procedure and substance, all but six states have passed some form of criminal record relief law. Virginia is one of those six states, and Virginia also lacks other key protections for victims like an affirmative defense to prosecutions for prostitution. The Virginia General Assembly must act now and pass a criminal record relief law to protect sex trafficking victims.
How Do Price Surcharges Impact Water Utility Financial Incentives to Pursue Alternative Supplies during Drought

AbstractMunicipal water utilities commonly manage drought by encouraging conservation. Efforts to temporarily reduce water consumption can cost significantly less than investments in infrastructure...
Unexpected Organs: The Futurist Body and Its Maternal Parts

In Mafarka il futurista, F.T. Marinetti creates his new Futurist body by obscuring the role of the maternal function. By considering the specific aggression against what Marinetti codes as maternal...
Self-learning Agents for Spatial Synthesis

Over the last decades, a vast repertoire of computational methods has been employed for the synthesis of spatial configuration. Many of these techniques, such as the long-standing black-box optimization or the recent generative adversarial networks, enable a quick exploration of the design solutions based on destructive operations, but encapsulate the generative process, promoting disruptive turn-taking between computer and designer. In contrast, techniques based on agents naturally provide partial design information and enable fine-grained interaction. However, existing agent-based models originate from non-architectural problems, so it is not straightforward to adapt them for spatial design. To address this gap, we present a method to create custom spatial agents that can satisfy architectural requirements. While the method can be adapted to a diversity of representations and goals, we focus on a proof of concept where agents control spatial partitions (represented as polyominoes with no holes) and interact in an environment represented as a grid. The agents learn how to satisfy its individual (shape, area, etc.) and collective goals (adjacency) using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. In this paper, we focus on the formulation of the environment, agents, and goals and present simulations of trained agents to illustrate possible variations.
Are Survey Respondents Lying About their Support for Same-Sex Marriage? Lessons from A Recent List Experiment

Public opinion polls consistently show that a growing majority of Americans support same-sex marriage. Critics, however, raise the possibility that these polls are plagued by social desirability bias, and thereby may overstate public support for gay and lesbian rights. We test this proposition using a list experiment embedded in the 2013 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. List experiments afford respondents an anonymity that allows them to provide more truthful answer potentially sensitive survey items. Our experiment finds no evidence that social desirability is affecting overall survey results. Indeed, our efforts provide new evidence that a national opinion majority favors same-sex marriage. To evaluate the robustness of our findings, we analyze a second list experiment, this one focusing on the inclusion of sexual orientation in employment nondiscrimination laws. Again we find no overall evidence of bias.
Explaining the Road Not Taken.

It is unclear if existing interpretations of deep neural network models respond effectively to the needs of users. This paper summarizes the common forms of explanations (such as feature attribution, decision rules, or probes) used in over 200 recent papers about natural language processing (NLP), and compares them against user questions collected in the XAI Question Bank. We found that although users are interested in explanations for the road not taken -- namely, why the model chose one result and not a well-defined, seemly similar legitimate counterpart -- most model interpretations cannot answer these questions.
An Analysis of Tracheostomy Complications in Pediatric Patients With Scoliosis.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESISAL To analyze tracheostomy-related complications in pediatric patients with scoliosis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all patients with tracheostomy and scoliosis was performed at a single institution. The charts were reviewed for variables including difficulties with tracheostomy tube changes, poor positioning of tube, abnormal appearance of trachea, and emergency room visits and admissions for complications. Decannulation rates were also identified. RESULTS About 102 patients met inclusion criteria, 96 (94.1%) had scoliosis involving the thoracic spine, and 4 had scoliosis involving the cervical spine; 13 (12.8%) patients had documented poor positioning on tracheoscopy; 31 patients (30.3%) had at least one emergency room visit or admission for complications, such as accidental decannulation or bleeding from the tracheostomy; 19 (18.6%) patients required at least one tube change due to poor positioning, with 7 (6.9%) requiring multiple changes; 18 (17.7%) had reported difficulties with home tube changes. Custom length tubes were required in 9 patients (8.8%). The level of scoliosis was not associated with any of these complications. Abnormalities of the trachea, such as tortuosity, obstructive granulomas, or tracheomalacia, were seen in 35 patients (34.3%) on bronchoscopy. Scoliosis repair was performed in 18 patients (17.65%), of which two achieved decannulation. Ten patients (9.8%) overall were decannulated. CONCLUSION A portion of patients with scoliosis who are tracheostomy-dependent have anatomical abnormalities of the trachea and poor positioning of the tracheostomy tube. Decannulation rates are also lower in this population compared to the literature. Further work is required to elucidate if scoliosis predisposes patients toward tracheostomy-related complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Survey evaluation of dog owners feeding habits in a household setting and comparison of FDA hygiene protocols on dog bowl bacterial contamination as evaluated by total aerobic cell counts.

In-home pet food handling and food dish hygiene practices can have adverse health impacts for both humans and pets. Safe food and dish handling guidelines are not easily evidenced for pet owners. The study was designed to investigate dog owners feeding habits and evaluate the impact of the Food and Drug Association (FDA) hygiene protocols on dog food dish contamination. Procedures and surveys were approved by NCSU-IACUC and -IRB. Pet feeding and food dish hygiene data were collected from 417 dog owner surveys and 68 food dish swabs. Total aerobic cell counts (TAC) were performed on 68 dishes and randomly assigned into Group A (FDA pet food handling and dish hygiene guidelines), Group B (FDA pet and human food handling and dish hygiene guidelines), or Group C (no guidelines). Hygiene protocols were instituted in-home for 1 week, followed by a second TAC and follow-up survey. Survey from dog owners-households indicated: 4.7% were aware of FDA pet food handling and dish hygiene guidelines; 36% have individuals [≤] 13 years old and/or immunocompromised; 43% store dog food 0-5 feet from human food; 34% wash their hands after feeding; and 33% prepare their dog food on human food preparation surfaces. The hygiene protocols followed by Groups A and B resulted in significant decreases in food dish TAC (P 160F) washing decreased TAC (p=0.005) over cold/lukewarm water. In the follow-up survey, 8% of Group A and B respondents reported likely to adhere to protocols long-term. This study suggests a need for pet food handling and dish hygiene guideline education to minimize bacterial contamination of dishes, especially in high-risk households.
A Rival Approach: Darwall’s Argument

Stephen Darwall’s1 approach to practical rationality exemplifies what in the Introduction I called the second familiar approach, to which I contrasted my own two-pronged approach. Darwall provides a complex and powerful positive argument in which he attempts to derive the key principle of a Reasons Theory from meta-level criteria that are seen as specifying necessary conditions of any normative principles. If sound, the argument would strongly support his Reasons Theory, which constitutes a rival to the Inclusive Data View. It would also validate Darwall’s approach and deprive my own approach of much of its motivation. In this chapter I shall try to show that Darwall’s argument is unsound. Now of course a refutation of his argument will not prove that his general approach always fails, but it may undermine confidence in that approach, thereby winning a more sympathetic hearing for my project.
A Review of Environmental Dispute Resolution

If you have always wanted to know whether the current and ongoing despoiling of the environment will result in the “silent spring” against which Rachel Carson forewarned, this book is not for you. But if you are driven to know whether environmental disputes can have either a zero-sum or a nonzero-sum resolution, then this book will definitely suit your tastes.
Bayesian Methods, Maximum Entropy, and Quantum Monte Carlo

We heuristically discuss the application of the method of maximum entropy to the extraction of dynamical information from imaginarytime, quantum Monte Carlo data. The discussion emphasizes the utility of a Bayesian approach to statistical inference and the importance of statistically well-characterized data.
Agent-Oriented Design

Recent development in the field of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has attracted researchers from various fields with new techniques rapidly emerging. Due to its multi-disciplinary nature, it is not surprising that proposed theories and research results in the field are not coherent and hard to integrate. In this paper we propose a functional decomposition of problem solving activities to serve as a framework to assist MAS designers in their selection and integration of different techniques and existing research results according to their system requirements. The basic phases include agent organization construction, plan generation, task allocation, plan integration, and plan execution. An example usage of the proposed model for the domain of naval radar frequency management is also presented.
The peroxiredoxin repair proteins.

Sulfiredoxin and sestrin are cysteine sulfinic acid reductases that selectively reduce or repair the hyperoxidized forms of typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins within eukaryotes. As such these enzymes play key roles in the modulation of peroxide-mediated cell signaling and cellular defense mechanisms. The unique structure of sulfiredoxin facilitates access to the peroxiredoxin active site and novel sulfur chemistry