cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of an on-line management information system for community mental health centers

An on-line computerized management information system has been developed at the Salt Lake City VA Hospital and is currently being implemented at Salt Lake Community Mental Health Center. An introduction to this system, including systems design and procedures for development, are presented. The advantages of on-line technology as compared to batch processing technology are also discussed.
An In-Service Training Program in Music for Child-Care Personnel Working with Infants and Toddlers

The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an in-service training program in music for child-care personnel working with infants and toddlers. Results of a needs assessment determined that most child-care centers offer music activities and that caregivers would be interested in receiving training. Training materials were developed, pilot-tested, and revised. For the final training program, caregivers in a university-based child-care program attended three in-service training sessions. Evaluation of the program revealed that caregivers made significant improvements in their attitude toward and knowledge about music activities for young children. Additionally, caregivers increased their use of 9 out of 11 behaviors considered necessary for successful music activity implementation. The children in their care also increased the amount of time they were visually, vocally, and physically engaged during music activities. These results suggest that a music training program can benefit both ...
Fluoride Varnish When Added to Caregiver Counseling Reduces Early Childhood Caries Incidence

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Fluoride varnish efficacy in preventing early childhood caries. Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez F, June B. J Dent Res 2006;85:172-6. Reviewer Joanna M. Douglass, BDS, DDS Purpose/Question To determine the efficacy of different fluoride varnish application frequencies in preventing early childhood caries among young, initially caries-free children whose caregivers received oral health counseling. Source of Funding Government: USPHS Research Grants P60 DE13058 and U54 DE142501 Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 1: Good-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Folate polyglutamates in T4D bacteriophage and T4D-infected Escherichia coli

The folate compound which is a structural component of the Escherichia coli T-even bacteriophage baseplates, has been identified as the hexaglutamyl form of folic acid using a new chromatographic procedure (Baugh, C.M., Braverman, E. and Nair, M.G. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 4952-4957). It has also been found that the host cell contains a variety of polyglutamyl forms of folic acid. The major form is the triglutamate (about 50%) but small amounts of higher molecular weight folates including the octaglutamate (1.8%) have been identified. Upon infection with wild-type T4D bacteriophage there is a shift in the distribution of the folate compounds so that the folyl polyglutamyl compounds having the higher molecular weights are increased. Infection of E. coli with baseplate mutants of T4D containing an amber mutation in gene 28 resulted in the formation of significant amounts (over 7%) of folate compound(s) of molecular weight much higher than those observed either in uninfected cells or cells infected with wild-type T4D. It is suggested that the T4D gene 28 product functions to cleave glutamate residues from high molecular weight folyl polyglutamates to increase the availability of the folyl hexaglutamate for virus assembly.
Studies on the regional biosynthesis and metabolism of catecholamines in the central nervous system of the monkey.

Nach intraventrikularer Verabreichung von Tyrosin-C14 oder Dopamin-H3 wurden die Biosynthese und der Stoffwechsel des Katecholamins in verschiedenen Regionen des ZNS bei Affen (Cercopithecus sabaeus) untersucht. Die grossten Katecholaminmengen wurden aus Tyrosin-C14 im Nucleus caudatus gebildet. Ebenso ist dort, wie im Putamen, die Tyrosin-Hydroxylase-Aktivitat am grossten. Die Bildung des Noradrenalins aus Dopamin konnte im Hypothalamus, Hirnstamm, sowie im Nucleus caudatus nachgewiesen werden. Die Verteilung des radioaktiven Dopamins entspricht nicht in allen Hirnregionen der Verteilung des endogenen Dopamins.
Self-Perceived Influences on Musically Active Nonmusic Majors Related to Continued Engagement.

This study investigated influences encouraging active music engagement beyond the high school and college years among nonmusic majors who are actively engaged in music. A web survey yielded a 50% response rate (N = 476) from nonmajor students enrolled in performing organizations at a large Midwestern public university, whose responses addressed music activities in and out of school environments, influences on starting and continuing participation during high school and college, and whether ensemble directors promoted continued engagement. Results indicated high amounts of intrinsic motivation in both settings and active diverse curricular and noncurricular participation in music during high school. However, respondents indicated limited music activity outside of the college ensemble; indeed, a majority said they would not have sought a way to continue had it not been for the availability of a university ensemble that welcomed nonmajors. High school directors provided more encouragement to continue than co...
Test-re-test reliability of the virtual planning test in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Primary objective: To determine test–re-test reliability of the VIrtual Planning Test (VIP) in a group of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Research design: Single-group repeated measures design.Methods and procedures: Seventy-five individuals with TBI were administered the VIP, with 6–8 weeks between the two test sessions.Main outcomes and results: Test–re-test reliability on VIP scoring parameters—as measured by Pearson correlation coefficients—ranged from 0.341–0.855, with five of the seven scoring parameters exhibiting r > 0.6.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the current study, the VIP has overall moderate test–re-test reliability when administered to individuals with TBI. Some VIP scoring parameters, i.e. Total correct/accuracy and Total absence, demonstrated high test–re-test reliability. Others, i.e. Planning time and Total wrong order, demonstrated low test–re-test reliability.
Group theoretic reduction of the electromagnetic impedance matrix for large-contrast symmetric prisms in a layered earth

Calculation using integral equations of the electromagnetic response of a geologic body which is much more conductive than the surrounding media requires the use of both current pulse and current tube basis functions. The impedance matrices for such cases can be large and expensive to form, factor, and solve. However, if the surrounding media is layered and the scatterer is symmetric under symmetry operations which preserve the depth of transformed points, then we can apply group representation theory to drastically reduce storage and computation requirements. I discuss this application of group representation theory in detail, using the symmetry groupC 2 ν for purposes of illustration. In a sample calculation for a body which is invariant under the symmetry operations of the groupC 2 ν , storage was reduced by a factor of 4, matrix formation time was reduced by a factor of 2, and the sum of matrix factorization and solution times was reduced by a factor of 10.
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in murine neural retina using high-throughput RNA sequencing.

Genome-wide characterization of the retinal transcriptome is central to understanding development, physiology and disorders of the visual system. Massively parallel, short-read sequencing of mRNA libraries was used to generate an extensive map of the transcriptome of the adult, murine neural retina. RNA-seq data strongly corroborates prior transcriptome studies by microarray and SAGE. However, several novel features of the retinal transcriptome were discovered. For example, retinal disease genes were discovered to be among the most highly expressed in the transcriptome. We also demonstrate other interesting features of the retinal transcriptome, for example, that the retina appears to employ a very specific and restricted set of synaptic vesicle genes, and also that there is persistence of expression of a majority of “neurodevelopmental” genes into adulthood. Retina transcriptome studies utilizing novel sequencing methods have been highly informative and these data may also serve as a resource for the community of researchers.
NON-OHMIC HOPPING CONDUCTION - A TREATMENT BY DIRECTED PERCOLATION THEORY

The hopping current induced by phonons and a strong electric field is discussed on the basis of the rate equation using the directed percolation method. Essential informations about the non-ohmic behaviour can be obtained from the analys is of the vertex star.
Carcinoma of the oropharynx: factors affecting outcome.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To assess the value of both patient- and tumor-related factors of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in predicting patient outcome, with respect to the three primary subsites of the disease. It was hypothesized that the subsite has a significant impact on outcome. Study Design: Historical cohort study. Methods: A chart review was conducted of 126 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx over a 10-year period. The oropharynx was divided into the following subsites: 1) base of tongue, 2) tonsil and pillars, and 3) uvula, soft palate, and posterior pharyngeal wall. Patient-related factors included age and gender. Tumor-related factors included American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, T stage, N stage, and grade. These factors were compared using the end points of disease-free survival and treatment response (complete response or partial response/no response). Results: Tumor-related factors such as American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P = .016) and T stage (P = .008) had a significant impact on treatment response. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P = .030) and the T stage (P = .005) were also significant predictors of disease-free survival. Base-of-tongue lesions responded significantly worse to treatment than did tonsil and pillar or uvula, soft palate, and posterior pharyngeal wall lesions (P = .014). The disease-free survival for base-of-tongue cancer was significantly worse than for tonsil and pillar or for uvula, soft palate, and posterior pharyngeal wall cancer (P = .010). Conclusion: Patient-related factors such as age and gender were not significant in predicting disease-specific outcome. Important tumor-related factors were the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and the T stage. Among the oropharyngeal subsites, squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue was associated with the worst outcome.
Approximate computation with outlier detection in Topaz

We present Topaz, a new task-based language for computations that execute on approximate computing platforms that may occasionally produce arbitrarily inaccurate results. Topaz maps tasks onto the approximate hardware and integrates the generated results into the main computation. To prevent unacceptably inaccurate task results from corrupting the main computation, Topaz deploys a novel outlier detection mechanism that recognizes and precisely reexecutes outlier tasks. Outlier detection enables Topaz to work effectively with approximate hardware platforms that have complex fault characteristics, including platforms with bit pattern dependent faults (in which the presence of faults may depend on values stored in adjacent memory cells). Our experimental results show that, for our set of benchmark applications, outlier detection enables Topaz to deliver acceptably accurate results (less than 1% error) on our target approximate hardware platforms. Depending on the application and the hardware platform, the overall energy savings range from 5 to 13 percent. Without outlier detection, only one of the applications produces acceptably accurate results.
Bilateral trade flows and economic integration in Latin America and the Caribbean

Abstract A gravity equation is used to analyze intra-Latin American and Caribbean trade, which is shown to depend mainly on the exporters' GNP and distance. Importers' GNP and exporter government policies are also relevant variables. Richer countries import more natural resource-based products than manufactures from poorer ones. Thus, larger richer countries enjoy large trade surpluses, particularly in manufactures. Integration systems have had mixed results. The Central American Common Market and CARICOM have contributed substantially to manufacturing trade, LAFTA has achieved moderate results, while the Andean Group's impact has been poor.
Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of malto-oligosaccharides

Abstract New preparative high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques that allow the practical isolation of milligram to gram quantities of malto-oligosaccharides from starch hydrolysates are described. High-resolution fractionations were achieved on preparative ( − 30 × 2.0 cm) columns packed with either (i) H + -form cation-exchange resin, (ii) Ag + -form cation-exchange resin, (iii) aminopropyl silica gel, or (iv) octadecyl (C 18 ) silica gel. Details are given for the preparation and packing of the first three phases and for the practical use of all four for rapid oligosaccharide fractionations. Although each column had some unique features, they all operated at surprisingly low flow-rates (2–12 ml/min) and pressures (15–1000 p.s.i.). In addition, most were relatively easy and inexpensive to assemble and operate. The use of these columns on standard analytical-scale chromatographs and also on automated preparative high-performance liquid chromatography systems, for the isolation of the title compounds, is described.
Red and Orange Polymorphs of [Pt(terpy)Cl]Cl·2H2O

The crystal structures of new red (1) and orange (2) polymorphs of chloro(2,2′:6′2″-terpyridine)-platinum(II) chloride dihydrate, [Pt(terpy)Cl]Cl·2H2O, have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 packs in a one-dimensional stacking structure with two unique intermolecular Pt···Pt distances (3.3278(5) A, 3.4444(5) A). The principal difference between this red polymorph and a previously reported yellow polymorph is in the cation stacking motif. This red polymorph has two alternating short intermolecular Pt···Pt distances while the yellow polymorph has one long and one short Pt···Pt distance. Channels between the cation stacks are occupied by a hydrogen-bonding network of water molecules and chloride anions. This red polymorph has a cation stacking motif similar to those found in a diverse collection of structures with different counterions and solvates of the chloro(2,2′:6′2″-terpyridine)-platinum(II) cation. The orange polymorph 2 possesses a stacking motif with two alternating long intermolecular Pt···Pt distances (4.2169(4) A, 5.1582(4) A). The hydrogen-bonding network involving the chloride counterions and water molecules differs significantly from either the red or yellow polymorphs as well. Structure 1: monoclinic, P 21/c, a = 12.2630(14) A, b = 6.7459(8) A, c = 20.121(2) A, β = 105.018(2)°, V = 1,607.7(3) A3, Z = 4, R 1 = 0.0338, wR 2 = 0.0665. Structure 2: monoclinic, P 21/c, a = 8.0236(7) A, b = 12.9393(1) A, c = 15.847(2) A, β = 101.068(7)°, V = 1,614.6(3) A3, Z = 4, R 1 = 0.0181, wR 2 = 0.0377. The crystal structures of new red (1) and orange (2) polymorphs of chloro(2,2′:6′2″-terpyridine)-platinum(II) chloride dihydrate, [Pt(terpy)Cl]Cl·2H2O show that the red polymorph stacks with two unique intermolecular Pt···Pt distances (3.3278(5) A, 3.4444(5) A) while the orange polymorph has no intermolecular Pt···Pt contacts less than 4.2 A.
Nonlinear Vibrations of a Piezoelectrically-Driven Microcantilever for Biologically-Induced Surface Stress Sensing

In this paper, nonlinear vibrations of a piezoelectrically-driven microcantilever beam in presence of a biological monolayer are investigated and the corresponding equations of motion are derived and simulated. A part of the microcantilever beam surface is covered by a piezoelectric layer, which acts as an actuator. Inextensibility condition and the coupling between electrical and mechanical properties in piezoelectric materials are considered in the bending vibrations of the beam. The adsorbed biological layer is considered to be a monolayer and its adsorption induced surface stress is formulated from the molecular viewpoint. The nonlinear terms in the governing equations of motion of the beam appear in the form of quadratic due to presence of piezoelectric layer, and cubic due to geometry of the beam and the adsorbed biological layer. Through extensive numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that the nonlinear effect of piezoelectric layer is significant in the microcantilever resonance sensing range. It is also shown that the effect of intermolecular attraction/repulsion on the surface stress is less dominant than other sources of surface stress (e.g., the electrostatic forces). Finally, it is observed that piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilever provides the ability of indirect measurement of vibrations and frequency response characteristics, instead of using bulky laser sensor.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Time courses of thermal acclimation for critical thermal minima in the salamanders Desmognathus quadramaculatus, Desmognathus monticola, Desmognathus ochrophaeus, and Plethodon jordani

1. 1. We examined the time courses of thermal acclimation for critical thermal minima (CTMin) in the salamanders Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. monticola, D. ochrophaeus, and Plethodon jordani. 2. 2. D. quadramaculatus showed no annual differences in their time courses, but we noted seasonal differences in the CTMin with these salamanders having lower CTMin in the spring. 3. 3. Gain in CTMin (25°C to 5°C transfer) was faster than its corresponding loss (5°C to 25°C transfer) in D. quadramaculatus. 4. 4. Comparison of all three Desmognathus species revealed no differences in the CTMin for the 5°C to 25°C time courses, but P. jordani had lower CTMin than corresponding D. quadramaculatus. 5. 5. Our results indicate that the pattern of CTMin acclimation correlates with the constraints acting on salamanders in their natural environment.
Architectures for practical security

Few of the system architectures for security proposed for the past four decades (e.g., fine-grain domains of protection, virtual machines) have made a significant difference on client-side security. In this presentation, I examine some of the reasons for this and some of the lessons learned to date. Focus on client-side security is warranted primarily because it is substantially more difficult to achieve than server security in practice, since clients interact with human users directly. I argue that system and application partitioning to meet user security needs is now feasible, and that special focus must be placed on how to design and implement trustworthy communication, not merely secure channels, between system partitions.Two forms of partitioning system and network components are described. The first, which is inspired by Lampson's Red/Green separation idea [1], partitions system resources instead of "virtualizing" them, and switches between partitions only under (human) user control exercised via a trusted path. Neither operating systems nor applications can escape their partition or transfer control to other partitions behind the user's back [2] as a consequence of malware or insider attacks. Trustworthy communication among system and network partitions, which can be established only via network communication, goes beyond firewalls, guards and filters. The extent to which one partition accepts input from or outputs to another depends on the accountability of, and trust established with, the input provider and output receiver. It also depends on input-rate throttling and output propagation control, which often require establishing some degree of control over remote communication end points.The second form of partitioning separates programmer-selected, security-sensitive code blocks from untrusted operating system code, applications and devices, and provides strong guarantees of data secrecy and integrity, as well as execution integrity, to an external entity via attestation [3]. Again, the key criterion for the separation and isolation of sensitive code partitions from untrusted code is the ability to establish trustworthy communication between security-sensitive and untrusted code; e.g., the security-sensitive code accepts only input whose validity it can verify in its own partition, and provides output only in areas that are legitimately accessible to untrusted code. The design of security-sensitive code partitions relies on source code analysis for modularity, where module input/output control -- not just security-policy isolation and code size minimization -- is a property of interest. Several applications of security-sensitive code isolation are illustrated.
Gallium-nitride-based materials for blue to ultraviolet optoelectronics devices

Breakthroughs in materials growth have enabled extremely high-efficiency blue and green GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) to be achieved for the first time. Blue LEDs with external quantum efficiency exceeding 9% have enabled hybrid GaN/phosphor white lamp LEDs. GaN LEDs complete the primary color spectrum and have enabled bright and reliable full-color solid-state displays to be realized. Recently, room-temperature operation of continuous wave current-injection blue-violet lasers emitting at 417 nm has further increased the possible applications for GaN-based opto-electronic devices. In this paper, we review the key technologies for GaN-based materials and devices. Developments in the methods for thin-film deposition by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy and resulting film properties are highlighted.
The pattern of surface wind flow in Antarctica

The main characteristics of surface winds are tabulated for 34 Antarctic stations. Using these data, supplemented by traverse records, the average wind flow is interpolated for each region and presented as a map showing the pattern of surface wind flow for the whole continent. Attention is focused on the flow in relation to surface contours. Statistics are presented for surface slope, wind speed, temperature, seasonal variations of speed and temperature, diurnal variation (including power spectra) of the wind speed and times of maximum and minimum speed at coastal and inland stations, wind frequency versus direction, the occurrence of calms, the deviation of the plateau wind from the downslope direction, the wind direction near the front of ice shelves, the proportion of cloud cover, and wind chill factors. In all cases data are grouped according to the environs of the stations in an attempt to isolate systematic differences depending on location: coastal stations near the foot of the ice slope and fully exposed to katabatic flow, coastal stations on offshore islands, coastal stations on peninsulas, coastal stations on extensive rock areas, ice shelf stations and inland stations.
Introduction to special section on Phenomenology, Underlying Processes, and Hazard Implications of Aseismic Slip and Nonvolcanic tremor

[1] This paper introduces the special section on the “phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor” by highlighting key results of the studies published in it. Many of the results indicate that seismic and aseismic manifestations of slow slip reflect transient shear displacements on the plate interface, with the outstanding exception of northern Cascadia where tremor sources have been located on and above the plate interface (differing models of the plate interface there also need to be reconciled). Slow slip phenomena appear to result from propagating deformation that may develop with persistent gaps and segment boundaries. Results add to evidence that when tectonic deformation is relaxed via slow slip, most relaxation occurs aseismically but with seismic signals providing higher-resolution proxies for the aseismic slip. Instead of two distinct slip modes as suggested previously, lines between “fast” and “slow” slip more appropriately may be described as blurry zones. Results reported also show that slow slip sources do not coincide with a specific temperature or metamorphic reaction. Their associations with zones of high conductivity and low shear to compressional wave velocity ratios corroborate source models involving pore fluid pressure buildup and release. These models and spatial anticorrelations between earthquake and tremor activity also corroborate a linkage between slow slip and frictional properties transitional between steady state and stick-slip. Finally, this special section highlights the benefits of global and multidisciplinary studies, which demonstrate that slow phenomena are not confined to beneath the locked zone but exist in many settings.
Vitamin D and actigraphic sleep outcomes in older community-dwelling men: the MrOS sleep study.

Author(s): Massa, Jennifer; Stone, Katie L; Wei, Esther K; Harrison, Stephanie L; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Lane, Nancy E; Paudel, Misti; Redline, Susan; Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Orwoll, Eric; Schernhammer, Eva | Abstract: Study objectivesMaintaining adequate serum levels of vitamin D may be important for sleep duration and quality; however, these associations are not well understood. We examined whether levels of serum 25(OH)D are associated with objective measures of sleep in older men.Setting and participantsCross-sectional study within a large cohort of community-dwelling older men, the MrOS study.InterventionsAmong 3,048 men age 68 years or older, we measured total serum vitamin D. Objective estimates of nightly total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) were obtained using wrist actigraphy worn for an average of 5 consecutive 24-h periods.Results16.4% of this study population had low levels of vitamin D (l 20.3 ng/mL 25(OH)D). Lower serum vitamin D levels were associated with a higher odds of short (l 5 h) sleep duration, (odds ratio [OR] for the highest (≥ 40.06 ng/mL) versus lowest (l 20.3 ng/mL) quartile of 25(OH)D, 2.15; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.21-3.79; Ptrend = 0.004) as well as increased odds of actigraphy-measured sleep efficiency of less than 70% (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.97-2.18; Ptrend = 0.004), after controlling for age, clinic, season, comorbidities, body mass index, and physical and cognitive function. Lower vitamin D levels were also associated with increased WASO in age-adjusted, but not multivariable adjusted models.ConclusionsAmong older men, low levels of total serum 25(OH)D are associated with poorer sleep including short sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency. These findings, if confirmed by others, suggest a potential role for vitamin D in maintaining healthy sleep.
Projecting soviet energy requirements using a vintage capital model

Abstract A Solow-type vintage capital model with capital utilization is used to estimate the long-term average embedded rate of improvement in energy efficiency of Soviet fixed-capital commissionings: 2.6% per year. The results are combined with planned Soviet capital stock growth to forecast cap Soviet energy requirements through 1990. The implied Soviet capital utilization goals call for greater energy savings than have been achieved in the past. The results also identify an upper bound for rates of hidden inflation contained in Soviet capital commissionings data. It appears an estimate such as S. Cohn's 1% (Soviet Stud. 33, 2:269–299, 1981) is far more likely than A. Nove's 6 to 7% (Soviet Stud. 33, 1:142–145, 198 1).
Visual degradation in Boston Naming Test performance

The 60 pictures of the Boston Naming Test were degraded via a mask to be either "easy," "medium", or "hard" to process visually. The visual mask was created by cutting a 2-in. x 2-in. square from a security mailing envelope and progressively reducing the size 25% on a copy machine. Three groups of 50 undergraduates each were randomly assigned to one of these three degradation conditions, and the number of correct identifications made was measured. We expected that as degradation increased (from easy to medium to hard), Boston Naming Test performance would decrease. A one-way analysis of variance indicated that group scores differed. With "easy" degradation more pictures were identified in comparison with performance in the "hard" degradation condition, but no other differences were significant. Results were discussed from the perspective of how unknown situational variables may affect performance on psychological tests.
Genetic control of voltinism characteristics in European corn borer races assessed with a marker gene

The post-diapause development (PDD) time for univoltine European corn borers (ECB) under diapause breaking conditions averages approximately 44 days, whereas the PDD time for bivoltine ECB under the same conditions is approximately 15 days. This difference is the principal component of the life cycle that determines the number of generations possible in a summer. Previous workers have demonstrated some genetic control of differences in voltinism among populations, including apparent control by sex-linked (Z-linked) genes. In the present study allozymes of the enzyme, triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), were used as markers of the Z chromosomes in crosses of a bivoltine colony (Tpi-1) and a univoltine colony (Tpi-2). The F1 resulting from a cross of univoltine females (Z2W) and bivoltine males (Z1Z1) consisted of hemizygous Tpi-1 females (Z1W) with a mean PDD time of 19 days and heterozygous Tpi-1/Tpi-2 males (Z1Z2) with a mean PDD time of 34 days. The F2 progeny consisted of Tpi-1 females (Z1W) (mean PDD time = 15 days), Tpi-2 females (Z2W) (mean PDD time = 40 days), homozygous Tpi-1 males (Z1Z1) (mean PDD time = 16 days), and heterozygous Tpi-1/Tpi-2 males (Z1Z2) (mean PDD time = 25 days). The close correlation of TPI phenotypes and PDD times in these crosses, along with similar results for the maternal and paternal backcrosses of the F1 individuals, indicates that the PDD time is principally controlled by genes on the Z chromosome and that heterozygous males exhibit incomplete or partial dominance of these genes. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular determinants of hormone mimicry: Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents

The potential of ostensibly structurally diverse environmental chemicals to modulate endocrine processes in biological systems has been recognized. Difficulty in classifying endocrine system modulators by chemical structure may in large part be due to lack of understanding of mechanisms of action. New developments in understanding nuclear receptor mechanisms of hormone action support a more complex mechanism, possibly involving dimerization/aggregation events leading to multimeric receptor complexes in agonist action. Because of the requirement for high structural specificity in agonist action, it is suggested that most environmental chemicals of concern are likely to function as imperfect hormones with partial agonist‐antagonist properties, especially at environmentally realistic concentrations. In the absence of having appropriately placed molecular recognition domains to affect agonist action, partial agonism‐antagonism may be associated with favorable low‐energy conformational flexibility and compleme...
Value of laparoscopy in trauma ICU patients with suspected acute acalculous cholecystitis

Patients who require prolonged intensive care following traumatic injuries are at risk for developing acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). The diagnosis of AAC is often difficult to establish, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in this critically ill population. We reasoned that diagnostic laparoscopy might provide a more accurate and timely method of diagnosis. Laparoscopy was performed in nine trauma ICU patients with suspected AAC. Four procedures were considered positive and five were negative. There were no false-positive or false-negative laparoscopic exams, and no procedure-related morbidity occurred. Comparison of multiple clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings showed that only laparoscopy accurately distinguished between those patients with AAC and those without AAC. We conclude that diagnostic laparoscopy is safe and definitive in trauma ICU patients with suspected AAC and should be performed prior to proceeding with laparotomy.
Simultaneous Observation of SiO2 Surface and SiO2/Si Interface Using Self-Assembled-Monolayer Island

Steps on SiO2 surface and in SiO2/Si interface, which remain on the surface after the formation of SiO2 on atomically flat Si(111) surface, are simultaneously observed with a novel use of self-assembled-monolayer (SAM) islands. After the formation of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) SAM islands on SiO2, SiO2 layers in the area which are not covered by OTS-SAM are completely removed by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to expose SiO2/Si interface, followed by atomic-force-microscopy (AFM) observation. OTS-SAM islands trace the morphology of SiO2 surface underneath, whose structure is preserved even after being dipped into HF. The results indicate that the steps on SiO2 and in the interface of SiO2/Si show no lateral shift, which suggests no step-flow during oxidation for stress relief.
A role for the Drosophila neurogenic genes in mesoderm differentiation

Summary The neurogenic genes of Drosophila have long been known to regulate cell fate decisions in the developing ectoderm. In this paper we show that these genes also control mesoderm development. Embryonic cells that express the muscle-specific gene nautilus are overproduced in each of seven neurogenic mutants ( Notch , Delta , Enhancer of split , big brain , mastermind , neuralized , and almondex ), at the apparent expense of neighboring, nonexpressing mesodermal cells. The mesodermal defect does not appear to be a simple consequence of associated neural hypertrophy, suggesting that the neurogenic genes may function similarly and independently in establishing cell fates in both ectoderm and mesoderm. Altered patterns of s3- tubulin and myosin heavy chain gene expression in the mutants indicate a role for the neurogenic genes in development of most visceral and somatic muscles. We propose that the signal produced by the neurogenic genes is a general one, effective in both ectoderm and mesoderm.
Reclaiming compassion: getting to the heart and soul of teacher education

As professors committed to preparing educators poised to teach effectively across differences and in ways that actively resist perpetuating injustices, we have found Buddhist teachings to be nothing short of provocative in terms of expanding how we think and do our work. We offer the following in hopes of intriguing others to join us as we continue exploring the power and potential in practices enlightened by Buddhist teachings. These teachings have much to offer those committed to peace education. This is especially true if one agrees that peace in the world depends on a populace committed to achieving inner peace through practices that promote personal transformation.
Radiosensitization by a Modified Nucleotide that Produces DNA Interstrand Cross-Links under Hypoxic Conditions

This paper describes the reactivity of a molecule that combines two desirable chemical processes into one molecule for the first time. Interstrand cross-links (ISCs) are an effective family of lesions produced by cytotoxic agents that target DNA. For instance, ISCs are the source of mitomycin C's cytotoxicity. Radiosensitizing agents are molecules that enhance DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation, especially under O2-deficient conditions. Phenyl selenide 1 is the first example of a modified nucleotide that can be incorporated in DNA by polymerases, which produces ISCs when DNA containing it is exposed to γ-radiolysis under O2-deficient conditions. These experiments suggest that 1 could be useful as a novel type of radiosensitizing agent.
Congenital bone marrow failure with myelodysplasia in siblings.

Purpose: I describe two siblings who have a novel congenital bone marrow failure syndrome with myelodysplastic features without progression to malignancy for 13 and 20 years, respectively. Patients and Methods: Male and female siblings were evaluated for chronic anemia and intermittent bruising. Results: Both patients had been anemic from birth, one carrying a diagnosis of Diamond-Blackfan aniema and the other an idiopathic marrow failure syndrome. Both patients had a platelet function defect, mild pancytopenia, and bone marrow examination showed hypoplasia with myelodysplasia that did not fit a French-American-British classification. Neither patient had Fanconi's anemia, and the family history was negative. Conclusions: This is the first report of a novel syndrome of congenital bone marrow failure and myelodysplasia
Systematics of RR Lyrae Statistical Parallax. I. Mathematics

We present a mathematical analysis of the statistical parallax method. The method yields physical insight into the maximum-likelihood determinations of the luminosity and velocity distribution and enables us to conduct a vigorous Monte Carlo investigation into various systematic effects. We apply our analytic formalism to the RR Lyrae sample of Layden et al. The velocity distribution of RR Lyrae stars is highly non-Gaussian, with kurtoses Kπ = 2.04, Kθ = 3.22, and Kz = 4.28 in the three principal directions, but this has almost no effect on either the best fit or the uncertainty of the luminosity determination. Indeed, our principal result is that the statistical parallax method is extremely robust in the face of all systematic effects that we considered. Our analysis, applied to the Layden et al. RR Lyrae sample, strictly confirms the majority of their results. The mean RR Lyrae absolute magnitude is MV = 0.75 ± 0.13 at the mean metallicity of the sample, [Fe/H] = -1.61, compared to MV = 0.71 ± 0.12 obtained by Layden et al. Most of the difference is due to Malmquist bias, which was not incorporated into previous studies.
Modeling of charge-mass transport in solid electrolyte-based electrochemical nanomanufacturing process

Abstract A numerical model was developed to capture the charge-mass transport in electrochemical nanomanufacturing processes based on mixed-conducting solid electrolyte material systems. This model was verified by the matching of numerical predictions and experimental measurements of process parameters. The model was also used to predict parameters affecting ionic current flow, and to study the temporal and spatial transport properties of solid electrolyte silver sulfide during an electrode dissolution process. Conditions in which phase separation could occur in silver sulfide were found. Enhanced transport properties due to confinement in lateral dimensions were also observed through the developed model.
Fracture management decisions.

A logical approach to selecting proper fracture fixation is presented. Fracture nomenclature and fracture biomechanics are discussed as they impact on fixation choices. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative decisions and management that provide for optimal patient outcome are highlighted.
Curious snakes: A minimum latency solution to the cluttered background problem in active contours

We present a region-based active contour detection algorithm for objects that exhibit relatively homogeneous photometric characteristics (e.g. smooth color or gray levels), embedded in complex background clutter. Current methods either frame this problem in Bayesian classification terms, where precious modeling resources are expended representing the complex background away from decision boundaries, or use heuristics to limit the search to local regions around the object of interest. We propose an adaptive lookout region, whose size depends on the statistics of the data, that are estimated along with the boundary during the detection process. The result is a “curious snake” that explores the outside of the decision boundary only locally to the extent necessary to achieve a good tradeoff between missed detections and narrowest “lookout” region, drawing inspiration from the literature of minimum-latency set-point change detection and robust statistics. This development makes fully automatic detection in complex backgrounds a realistic possibility for active contours, allowing us to exploit their powerful geometric modeling capabilities compared with other approaches used for segmentation of cluttered scenes. To this end, we introduce an automatic initialization method tailored to our model that overcomes one of the primary obstacles in using active contours for fully automatic object detection.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in the nervous system

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a rapidly expanding subclass of the transforming growth factor superfamily. BMP ligands and receptor subunits are present throughout neural development within discrete regions of the embryonic brain and within neural crest-derived pre- and post-migratory zones. BMPs initially inhibit the formation of neuroectoderm during gastrulation while, within the neural tube, they act as gradient morphogens to promote the differentiation of dorsal cell types and intermediate cell types throughout co-operative signaling. In the peripheral nervous system, BMPs act as instructive signals for neuronal lineage commitment and promote graded stages of neuronal differentiation. By contrast, within the CNS, these same factors promote astroglial lineage elaboration from embryonic subventricular zone progenitor cells, with concurrent suppression of the neuronal or oligodendroglial lineages, or both. In addition, BMPs act on more lineage-restricted embryonic CNS progenitor cells to promote regional neuronal survival and cellular differentiation. Furthermore, these versatile cytokines induce selective apoptosis of discrete rhombencephalic neural crest-associated cellular populations. These observations suggest that the BMPs exhibit a broad range of cellular and context-specific effects during multiple stages of neural development.
Analysis of image deformation under orthographic projection and flow parameter estimation

Abstract The image of an object under orthographic projection changes with time when the object is moving and rotating. These image changes, as we call the image deformation process, play an important role in the estimation of flow parameters, which is essential in the determination of motion and structure parameters. We analyze the deformation process of a 2-D optical image, from which a simple way of calculating flow parameters is suggested.
Intensities of rotation lines in absorption bands for symmetric molecules of the type AB ⋯ XYZ3

Abstract The interaction of vibration and rotation is considered in the computation of the intensities of rotational lines in the band spectra of the general polyatomic molecule. The calculation utilizes the contact transformation method outlined in an earlier paper by the authors. The general result through first order of approximation is then applied to the case of the axially asymmetric molecule of the type AB ⋯ XYZ3. Relations for the intensities of the lines in the types of bands observed are obtained. It is found also, to this order of approximation that the usual selection rules are observed.
Certification of Condition Monitoring Personnel and how it Relates to NDT

Abstract With the development of ISO 18436 for the training and certification of condition monitoring (CM) personnel, a new level of harmonisation exists between the various CM methods. Methods being covered include vibration analysis (VA), acoustic emission (AE), lubrication management (LM) and infrared thermography (IRT). AE and IRT are methods also specified in some NDT standards such as EN 473 and ISO 9712. With the acceptance of ISO 18436 the world is now experiencing ‘growth pains’ and a confused direction for some trainers and certifying bodies wishing to train candidates and issue certificates of competence to ISO 18436. This paper discusses some of the problems being experienced by certifying bodies and trainers in CM as they struggle to implement ISO 18436. The British Institute of NDT (BINDT) has been in the forefront of development and implementation of qualification and certification systems aimed at conformance to ISO 18436 since 2002. As a result a fully developed certification scheme cover...
Cerebellar pathways to ventral midbrain and nigra.

Abstract This study on cat and rat indicates that the cerebellar nuclei connect with a continuum of cells located on either side of midline in the ventral tegmentum of the midbrain. The following nuclei are located within this region: nigra, ruber, interpeduncularis, ventral tegmental (Tsai), and linearis rostralis. The nucleus fastigii projection is primarily ipsilateral to this region by way of a mediaal and dorsal pathway (accessory brachium conjunctivum). A greater number of these fibers terminates in medial as contrasted to lateral structures. The projections of nuclei interpositus-dentatus are primarily contralateral and become part of a lateral and ventral pathway through the brachium conjunctivum. Reduced-silver methods and horseradish peroxidase-treated materials furnish some evidence for a small Purkinje cell connection directly to the ventral tegmental area. Biochemical studies on dopamine levels in the forebrain indicate there is an increase ipsilateral to the cerebellar cortical lesion whereas a lesion in nucleus fastigii results in a decrease of dopamine levels in ipsilateral forebrain. Some cerebellar influences on catecholamine systems are discussed.
P03.12. Use of the electronic medical record to teach complementary and alternative medicine: what's the impact?

Purpose Although some progress has been made in recent years, training in how to counsel patients effectively on complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) is not widely integrated into undergraduate medical education. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the impact of a teaching intervention utilizing the electronic medical record (EMR) as a point-of-care learning tool on students’ attitudes and knowledge of CAM and on their self-reported competence in counseling patients on this subject.
Making Politics Serve Music: Yu Huiyong, Composer and Minister of Culture

Often viewed as a period of cultural famine by Western scholars, China's Cultural Revolution was in fact a heyday for those arts that served its new goals. In particular, yangbanxi , a derivative form of traditional Beijing opera, flourished during this era and continues to influence opera in China today.