cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving range charts for monitoring the Weibull shape parameter with single observation samples

This paper proposes an approach to monitor shifts in the Weibull shape parameter bfβ via control charts based on the moving range of single-point samples from a smallest extreme value distribution. The average run length (ARL) of the proposed charts are computed using Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The derived control limits for one-sided and two-sided control charts are unbiased in the sense that the ARL when β has shifted is shorter than the desired stable-process ARL. These control limits depend only on the desired stable-process ARL and the stable value of β. The paper also discusses the sample size requirements for Phase I so that the run length distributions are similar under standards-given scenario (β is given) and retrospective scenario (β is estimated from past data). The proposed methods are then applied to data on the breaking strengths of carbon fibers. The results suggest that one-sided control charts can detect small shifts in β sooner than two-sided charts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial Disparity of Eye Examinations Among the U.S. Working-Age Population With Diabetes: 2002–2009

OBJECTIVE Diabetes care differs across racial and ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess the racial disparity of eye examinations among U.S. adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Working-age adults (age 18–64 years) with diabetes were studied using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (2002–2009) including the Diabetes Care Survey. Racial and ethnic groups were classified as non-Hispanic whites and minorities. People reporting one or more dilated eye examination were considered to have received an eye examination in a particular year. Eye examination rates were compared between racial/ethnic groups for each year, and were weighted to national estimates. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs for racial/ethnic difference were assessed annually using logistic regression models. Other influencing factors associated with eye examination were also explored. RESULTS Whites had consistently higher unadjusted eye examination rates than minority populations across all 8 years. The unadjusted rates increased from 56% in 2002 to 59% in 2009 among whites, while the rates in minorities decreased from 56% in 2002 to 49% in 2009. The largest significant racial gap of 15% was observed in 2008, followed by 11%, 10%, and 7% in 2006, 2009, and 2005, respectively ( P CONCLUSIONS The racial/ethnic differences in eye examinations for patients with diabetes have persisted over the last decade. National programs to improve screening and monitoring of diabetic retinopathy are needed to target minority populations.
Characterization of an Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Strain Isolated from a Premature Neonate

Acyclovir resistance is not a recognized problem among neonates with perinatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. A premature newborn with neurocutaneous HSV infection was treated for 21 days with acyclovir. Disseminated disease recurred 8 days later. A recurrent isolate was resistant to acyclovir and lacked thymidine kinase activity on the basis of a frameshift mutation in the thymidine kinase (tk) gene. Compared with the sensitive isolate obtained during primary infection, replication of the resistant isolate was reduced on primary and permanent cells and even further impaired on cells deleted for cellular tk. The resistant isolate lacked virulence in a murine model of genital infection. Acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 mutants can develop rapidly in neonatal infection and cause clinically significant disease, despite decreased replication in vitro and attenuated virulence in an animal model.
Visual Impairment and Quality of Life Among Older Adults: An Examination of Explanations for the Relationship

Objectives. We examine 4 potential explanations for the lower quality of life reported by older adults with greater visual impairment. Methods. Using 2 waves of data from a nationally representative sample of older persons (a subsample of the Americans’ Changing Lives Study, 1986 and 1989), we run residual change regression analysis to assess the extent to which the effect of visual impairment on quality of life, indicated by depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, is explained by changes in each of the following: (1) activity limitations; (2) socioeconomic resources, measured as income and financial strain; (3) social resources, indicated by social integration and perceived support; and (4) psychological resources, measured by self-efficacy. Results. Higher levels of visual impairment are associated with more depressive symptoms and lower life satisfaction over the 3-year period. Each hypothesized mediator plays a role in explaining the effect of visual impairment on declines in quality of life; however, the strongest mediating effects are found for self-efficacy. Discussion. By identifying multiple pathways through which visual impairment diminishes quality of life among older adults, this study highlights the importance of multipronged intervention efforts.
Moments of the probability distribution of moving molecules undergoing reversible isomerization, with applications to experiments

Exact expressions are obtained for the mean position and the variance about the mean of macromolecules which are moving in an electrostatic or centrifugal field and which, at the same time, are switching back and forth between two isomeric states. Comparison with experiment then yields the forward and backward switching rates. The following special cases are considered: (a) only one species present initially; (b) both species present initially but not in their equilibrium proportions; (c) both species present initially in their equilibrium proportions. It is shown that in the first two cases we need only measure the mean position of all the molecules in order to measure the absolute switching rates k1 and k2. In the third case, however, we must measure the variance (mean-square deviation) of the position in order to obtain k1 and k2. The first two situations arise when “jumps” (e.g., in temperature or pressure) are made, while the third situation is obtained if the experiment is conducted with the species in chemical equilibrium throughout the experiment.
PATTERNS OF GENETIC ARCHITECTURE FOR LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN A SUBDIVIDED SPECIES

Understanding the utility and limitations of molecular markers for predicting the evolutionary potential of natural populations is important for both evolutionary and conservation genetics. To address this issue, the distribution of genetic variation for quantitative traits and molecular markers is estimated within and among 14 permanent lake populations of Daphnia pulicaria representing two regional groups from Oregon. Estimates of population subdivision for molecular and quantitative traits are concordant, with QST generally exceeding GST. There is no evidence that microsatellites loci are less informative about subdivision for quantitative traits than are allozyme loci. Character- specific comparison ofQST and GST support divergent selection pressures among populations for the majority of life- history traits in both coast and mountain regions. The level of within-population variation for molecular markers is uninformative as to the genetic variation maintained for quantitative traits. In D. pulicaria, regional differences in the frequency of sex may contribute to variation in the maintenance of expressed within-population quantitative-genetic variation without substantially impacting diversity at the genic level. These data are compared to an identical dataset for 17 populations of the temporary-pond species, D. pulex.
The metabolic regulation of aging

Here we review the environmental and genetic manipulations that link cellular and organismal metabolism to aging. In particular, we explore how nutrients are sensed and how various intracellular energy nodes seem to coordinate distinct metabolic alterations linked to extended longevity. In addition, the role of mitochondria as both a metabolic and signaling organelle is discussed. Finally, we review a host of new targeted pharmacological approaches that attempt to exploit the connection between aging and metabolism to treat a wide range of age-related diseases. Together, these insights are beginning to reveal answers to century-old mysteries and are providing a future road map for the rational extension of lifespan.
Identification of phosphorylation sites in keratinocyte transglutaminase

Phosphorylation of keratinocyte transglutaminase occurs in its N-terminal extension and is stimulated several-fold by the protein kinase C agonist phorbol myristate acetate. In the present work, this stimulation was prevented by simultaneous treatment of the cells with the protein kinase C-selective inhibitor GF109203X. In contrast, phosphorylation occurring in the absence of phorbol ester was essentially unaffected by GF109203X, although it was decreased dramatically by the non-selective kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Four serine residues that are subject to phosphorylation have been identified by sequencing of radioactive tryptic peptides. Serines at positions 24 and 92, each containing 2–8% of the total radioactivity with or without phorbol ester stimulation, were minor sites of phosphorylation. Serine-82 was by far the dominant site of phosphorylation in the absence of phorbol ester treatment, and was also the major site in its presence. Serine-85 was phosphorylated to a high degree in the presence but not in the absence of phorbol ester stimulation. Thus the data indicate the influence of at least two different kinase activities in transglutaminase phosphorylation.
Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus

Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus was diagnosed in 10 infants at the Children’s Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Brief of Law Professors, as Amici Curiae, in Support of Respondent in Global-Tech Appliances v. SEB

The Patent Act of 1952 provides at 35 U.S.C. § 271(b) that "[w]hoever actively induces infringement of a patent shall be liable as an infringer." This provision codified long-standing precedent deriving from tort law that those who aid and abet direct patent infringement shall be liable for indirect infringement. Opinions from the Supreme Court and lower courts from the mid-19th century through the passage of the 1952 Act repeatedly held that aiding and abetting direct patent infringement solely required specific intent merely to further the acts that constituted direct infringement, and did not require knowledge of the patent-in-suit. Because Congress codified this precedent, the Supreme Court should not find that Section 271(b) requires the inducer to know of the applicable patent.Importantly, this result is sensible as a policy matter. First, it places system and method patent claims on more equal footing. Second, it eliminates a strategy of "willful blindness," whereby potential indirect infringers forgo searching for patents prior to undertaking their potentially infringing behavior - even when it is not costly to do so - to avoid charges of indirect infringement. Third, for those infringers that are aware of patents prior to infringement, it ends the self-serving and generally meaningless "opinion of counsel" defense strategy, whereby outside counsel immunize indirect infringers by writing conclusory - but usually outcome-determinative - letters stating that the patent-at-issue is not infringed, invalid, or unenforceable.
On the search for an “easy” FFR: Submaximal hyperemia and NTG‐induced translesional pressure drop (Pd/Pa‐NTG)

Key Points Estimators of FFR that do not require adenosine hyperemia may increase the use of hemodynamic lesion assessment. This study shows that Pd/Pa of >0.88 after nitroglycerin bolus had a 95% sensitivity for an FFR >0.80, and could avoid adenosine in half of cases. Nitroglycerin hyperemia is novel but requires more study to be a surrogate for adenosine.
Ammonia Adsorption and Co-adsorption with Water in HKUST-1: Spectroscopic Evidence for Cooperative Interactions

Ammonia interactions and competition with water at the interface of nanoporous metal organic framework thin films of HKUST-1 (Cu3Btc2, Btc = 1,3,5-benzenedicarboxylate) are investigated with ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS). In the absence of water, ammonia adsorption at the Cu2+ metal center weakens the metal–linker bond of the framework. In the presence of water, due to the higher binding energy (adsorption strength) of ammonia compared to water, ammonia replaces water at the unsaturated Cu2+ metal centers. The water molecules remaining in the pores are stabilized by hydrogen bonding to ammonia. Hydrogen bonding between the water and ammonia strengthens the metal–ammonia interaction due to cooperative interactions. Cooperative interactions result in a reduction in the metal center oxidation state facilitating linker replacement by other species explaining the previously reported structure degradation.
Ten Tips for Engaging the Millennial Learner and Moving an Emergency Medicine Residency Curriculum into the 21st Century

Introduction Millennial learners are changing the face of residency education because they place emphasis on technology with new styles and means of learning. While research on the most effective way to teach the millennial learner is lacking, programs should consider incorporating educational theories and multimedia design principles to update the curriculum for these new learners. The purpose of the study is to discuss strategies for updating an emergency medicine (EM) residency program's curriculum to accommodate the modern learner. Discussion These 10 tips provide detailed examples and approaches to incorporate technology and learning theories into an EM curriculum to potentially enhance learning and engagement by residents. Conclusion While it is unclear whether technologies actually promote or enhance learning, millennials use these technologies. Identifying best practice, grounded by theory and active learning principles, may help learners receive quality, high-yield education. Future studies will need to evaluate the efficacy of these techniques to fully delineate best practices.
Parallelization of Regional Operation Algorithm Using Parallel Raster-based Geocomputation Operators

Parallel raster-based programming libraries have been proposed to make the details of parallel programming and the parallel hardware architecture to be transparent to users in some degrees. Thus these libraries can facilitate the development of parallel programs of raster-based geocomputation. Among the existing parallel programming libraries, parallel raster-based geocomputation operators(Pa RGO), which is recently proposed by Qin et al, shows great advantages. This is not only because Pa RGO encapsulates the general steps in parallel raster-based geocomputation, but also because Pa RGO is compatible with multiple commonly used parallel computing platforms. Currently, Pa RGO is designed for supporting local operation, focal operation and global operation directly. However, the availability of Pa RGO for supporting regional operation in raster-based geocomputation has not been evaluated. In this paper, we evaluate Pa RGO to testify its performance in this circumstance by using a multiple-flow-direction algorithm as a representation of the regional operation. Different versions of Pa RGObased parallel programs for this algorithm are tested on a symmetrical multiprocessing(SMP) cluster and evaluated from two aspects: the performability and the parallel efficiency. The experimental results show that the current Pa RGO cannot directly support the parallelization of regional operations. But it can be supportive when the regional operation is transformed into an iteration process of focal operation. On a SMP cluster, MPI-version parallel program performs better than MPI/Open MP-version parallel program.
The measures of promoting the voluntary carbon reduction market development in our country

The article comment on the basic situation of the development of voluntary carbon reduction market in China,voluntary carbon emission reduction projects 355 have been registered currently,including the Voluntary Carbon Standard and Gold Standard.At the same time,it is studied that the factors of the slow development of voluntary carbon reduction market in China,and proposed future incentive policies and innovative proposals to further promote voluntary carbon emission reduction projects.The results show that the industrial enterprises that carry out voluntary carbon emission reduction have became the development trend and trends of international environmental policy,and which is the fundamental way to promote voluntary carbon reduction market in China.Industrial enterprises implement the voluntary carbon emission reduction projects successfully or not depend on whether the internal low-carbon energy management system in place largely,and finally proposed the program of industrial enterprises to implement voluntary carbon emission reduction projects,it is important to pay attention to influence of the voluntary carbon emission reduction projects in the business process thoroughly.
Process, Content, and Community Building

In 1993 Providence College (a Catholic, undergraduate liberal arts college operated by the Dominican Friars, located in Providence, Rhode Island) piloted concept courses for a new major and minor in public and community service studies (PSP) under the administrative umbrella of its just-founded Feinstein Institute for Public Service (FIPS). This chapter provides a brief overview of the major, focusing on the conceptual framework it embodies; describes how ongoing reflection based on the experiences of alumni and community partners allow for coherence and diversity in the curriculum; and discusses the ongoing “interpretation” of community partnerships that is central to its work. The chapter closes by describing how an understanding of community as relationship is leading to an understanding of service-learning as an integrated system of learning processes shared by campus and community, an understanding that is gradually replacing a view of service-learning as a collaboration across separate systems of campus and community systems.
Against instantiation as identity

Some people object to realism about universals because they think that instantiation, the connection between something and the universals that characterize it, is too mysterious. Baxter and Armstrong try to make instantiation less mysterious by taking it to be a kind of partial identity. However, I argue that their accounts of instantiation, and any similar ones, fail.
Conspecific tolerance and heterospecific competition as mechanisms for overcoming resistance to invasion by an intertidal crab

The success of the invasive Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, stems partly from its ability to exclude established crab species from preferred rocky and cobble intertidal habitat. Here, we assessed preference and competition for habitat types (cobble vs. sand) for H. sanguineus and two competitor species; the previous invasive green crab, Carcinus maenas, and the native rock crab, Cancer irroratus, in New England. In simple laboratory experiments, we paired similarly sized heterospecifics and conspecifics from each species, and also grouped combinations of C. maenas and H. sanguineus in a series of four-individual sets in order to dissect the outcome of intra- and inter-specific competition at different densities. Individually, all three species preferred cobble substrate. With paired conspecifics, H. sanguineus individuals would cohabitate in cobble, whereas C. maenas and C. irroratus individuals each excluded conspecifics from cobble. In heterospecific pairs, H. sanguineus excluded both C. maenas and C. irroratus from cobble. C. maenas and C. irroratus, were equally likely to exclude the other species, but rarely excluded H. sanguineus. In larger assemblages, H. sanguineus preferentially grouped under cobble, whereas C. maenas were more evenly distributed among habitat types. These observations demonstrate that conspecific tolerance and heterospecific competition can be effective, complementary mechanisms for overcoming invasion resistance. Such mechanisms help explain the well-studied success of H. sanguineus following its introduction into New England coastal habitats, and the resulting exclusion of preexisting crab species.
Quadriparesis Caused by Lead Poisoning Nine Years After a Gunshot Wound With Retained Bullet Fragments: A Case Report

Abstract Lead toxicity in adults is characterized by nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, and weight loss. We present a case of severe lead toxicity that developed subacutely, causing quadriparesis 9 years after a gunshot wound with retained bullet fragments. The onset of symptoms may have been related to the development of a pseudocyst. The long interval between the gunshot wound and the onset of symptoms contributed to a delay in suspecting that the retained bullet was a source of lead toxicity. The patient's symptoms gradually improved after chelation therapy, removal of the bullet fragment, and an extended program of acute inpatient rehabilitation. Level of Evidence V
Wire cost and communication analysis of self-assembled interconnect models for Networks-on-Chip

Building complex interconnect networks in a bottom-up way, for example by using self-assembling techniques, represents an ultimate challenge for building large-scale emerging computing devices. Due do the general lack of precise control over many self-assembling techniques, such interconnects are expected to be largely unstructured. In this paper we introduce two simple wire growth models for non-classical self-assembled network topologies. The models generate different unstructured and physically plausible network topologies. We then investigate the design trade-offs of such interconnect networks within a network-on-chip (NoC) simulation framework. In particular, we analyze the network's wiring cost and the communication properties by varying the framework's parameters. Our primary goal is to (1) investigate and understand the characteristics of such self-assembled networks and (2) to ultimately use these insights to tune experimental self-assembly process parameters. The quantitative simulation results show that unstructured NoC topologies obtained by the growth models show specific wire-length distributions that are beneficial for the communication and minimize the wiring cost. To support this result, we have also used an evolutionary optimization framework for the evolution of NoC topologies under given cost and communication requirements. Our results and the evaluation framework have implications for the design of interconnect architectures.
MIF Mediates Pelvic Inflammation and Pain

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is stored in releasable pools by urothelial cells. Inflammatory stimuli in the bladder elicit a quick release of MIF from the urothelium and upregulation of MIF receptors in the urothelium. Binding of released MIF to urothelial MIF receptors starts a signaling cascade that promotes bladder inflammation and pain. In addition, recent evidence shows that released MIF is capable of eliciting bladder pain without accompanying bladder inflammation.
Buddhism and Behavior Modification

The nature and history of Buddhism are traced briefly. Meditation is discussed and related to behavior modification practice. Finally, the commonalities of Buddhism and behavior modification are the basis for a synthesis of the two.
Measurement of NF-κB Activation in TLR-Activated Macrophages

Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor in the regulation of the innate immune inflammatory response in activated macrophages. NF-κB functions as a homo- or hetero-dimer derived from one or more of the five members of the NF-κB family, and is activated through a well-studied process of stimulus-dependent inhibitor degradation, post-translational modification, nuclear translocation, and chromatin binding. Its activity is subject to multiple levels of feedback control through both inhibitor protein activity and direct regulation of NF-κB components. Many methods have been developed to measure and quantify NF-κB activation. In this chapter, we summarize available methods and present a protocol for image-based measurement of NF-κB activation in macrophages activated with microbial stimuli. Using either a stably expressed GFP-tagged fusion of the RelA NF-κB protein, or direct detection of endogenous RelA by immunocytochemistry, we describe data collection and analysis to quantify NF-κB cytosol to nuclear translocation in single cells using fluorescence microscopy.
Military status and alcohol problems: Former soldiers may be at greater risk.

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to explore differences in alcohol problems as a function of military status (current soldier, previous soldier and civilian spouses), and the possible interaction between sex and military status. We hypothesized that 1) soldiers would be at greater risk for alcohol problems than civilian spouses, and 2) former soldiers would be at greater risk compared to current soldiers. Methods Data were drawn from Operation: SAFETY, a longitudinal study examining physical and mental health among U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers and their partners. The analytic sample included male and female participants who completed both the baseline and first follow-up assessments (N = 772). Negative binomial regression models were used to examine differences between military status group on alcohol problems at follow-up, controlling for sex and alcohol consumption at baseline. Interactions between military status and sex were also examined. Results Among current soldiers, males experienced significantly more alcohol problems compared to women (4.47, 3.46; p = 0.005). Likewise, among previous soldiers, males experienced significantly more alcohol problems compared to women (6.69, 2.92; p = 0.002). Male previous soldiers had significantly more alcohol problems compared to both male current soldiers and male civilian spouses (6.69, 4.47, p = 0.04; 6.69, 3.96; p = 0.02). Among women, there were no significant differences by military status. Conclusions Our results indicate that male previous soldiers are at greater risk of alcohol problems than both current soldiers and civilian spouses. Health care and service providers should consider screening and monitoring soldiers who separate from the military, as alcohol use may increase.
Detection of radio-frequency electronics by acoustic modulation of radar waves

Acoustic-electromagnetic interaction is evaluated for radar detection of electronic targets. The transmitter consists of a radar-wave generator emitting a single electromagnetic (EM) frequency and an acoustic-wave generator emitting a single audio frequency. The EM wave and the acoustic wave interact at the target. The target re-radiates a new EM wave which consists of the original EM wave modulated by the acoustic wave. This re-radiated wave is captured by the radar’s receive antenna. The presence of measurable EM energy at any discrete multiple of the audio frequency away from the original radio-frequency (RF) carrier indicates target detection. Detection is demonstrated for purely-metallic as well as for RF electronic targets at a distance of 10 ft.
Continuum versus discrete networks, graph Laplacians, and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

Abstract Motivated by applications to machine learning, we construct a reversible and irreducible Markov chain whose state space is a certain collection of measurable sets of a chosen l.c.h. space X . We study the resulting network (connected undirected graph), including transience, Royden and Riesz decompositions, and kernel factorization. We describe a construction for Hilbert spaces of signed measures which comes equipped with a new notion of reproducing kernels and there is a unique solution to a regularized optimization problem involving the approximation of L 2 functions by functions of finite energy. The latter has applications to machine learning (for Markov random fields, for example).
Neuroenergetics of Brain Operation and Implications for Energy-Aware Computing

Energy-awareness is a relatively less-studied aspect of artificial intelligence and the development of intelligent devices. Here we analyze metabolic processes in brains and their role in higher cognitive activities. To describe important aspects of the energy management in large-scale populations of the cortical tissue, we introduce a novel hierarchical capillary-astrocyte-neuron (CAN) model. CAN is a highly simplified model, still it can describe important aspects of synchronization-desynchronization transitions observed in brain imaging experiments. Energy constraints act as regularization terms in equations of brain dynamics models, producing oscillatory modes across cortical regions. These oscillations are considered neural correlates of higher cognition and awareness. The introduced oscillatory CAN arrays present a possible approach towards developing energy-efficient dynamical memories and learning systems.
Consumer Behavior in Life Course Context

Within the life course paradigm that is outlined in Fig. 3.1 (Chap. 3), this chapter presents research in consumer behavior that can be viewed in the context of this broad conceptual framework. Organized in line with this framework, the chapter explicates life course conceptual and theoretical notions to provide new insights into the study of consumer behavior. It cites and interprets consumer research that supports these views and demonstrates how displaced theories and previous findings can be integrated within life course paradigm to develop general propositions (Table 4.1) for the relationships in Fig. 3.1, without reference to specific variables, to provide conceptual directions for future research. These propositions in turn serve as bases for illustrating (in chapters that follow) how the life course paradigm could be applied to consumer research to enrich or improve previous efforts, and they help provide a template for research in select areas.
Efficacy of a Combined Approach to Tier 2 Social-Emotional and Behavioral Intervention and the Moderating Effects of Function

Systematic literature reviews have supported the effectiveness of behavioral Tier 2 interventions, with research being particularly plentiful in relation to Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) and social skills training (SST). Though findings indicate either approach is effective in isolation, a recent study suggested these approaches might be particularly effective when integrated. The purpose of the current study was to build upon this initial single-case design study with a larger sample within a randomized controlled trial. Participants included 91 elementary students who had been identified as being at risk of social-emotional and behavioral difficulties. Students were randomized into three intervention conditions: CICO only, SST only, and CICO + SST. Prior to intervention, information was collected regarding the function of student problem behavior and the extent of social skill deficits. Systematic direct observation data were then completed at pre- and post-test regarding student positive and negative social engagement. Multivariate general linear models were then conducted, with pre-test scores serving as covariates and intervention group and behavioral function serving as fixed factors. Results indicated that implementation of CICO, SST, and a combined CICO + SST was functionally related to a reduction in negative social engagement. Follow-up post hoc tests indicated that after adjusting for pre-test responding, the difference between conditions in effectiveness was moderated by behavioral function. Specifically, SST was less effective for students whose behavior functioned to escape social and academic situations. No such differences were noted between students whose behavior functioned to attain adult or peer attention. Implications for practice, methodological limitations, and directions for future research are reviewed.
Xenophilic transition metal clusters

Abstract A new subset of the class of compounds containing polar metalmetal bonds is described in which two transition metals with open d-shells form a direct, unbridged bond between a metal center attached to π-acceptor ligands and one which is bound only to donor ligands that have no π-acceptor capabilities. The heterogeneous character of the metalmetal bond in these compounds is generated by the nature of the metal–ligand interactions, either with or without additional contributions from the differing identities and formal oxidation states of the metals. The clusters are remarkable in that they often exhibit unusually short metalmetal distances, and a number of them are highly paramagnetic. The term ‘xenophilic’ metal cluster has been proposed to refer to transition metal compounds that contain this type of metal–metal interaction. The group includes both heteronuclear ‘early–late’ transition metal clusters as well as homonuclear compounds in which the two metal centers are the same element, but differ in the type of ligands attached.
An Exploratory Study of Consumer Attitudes Toward Mobile Coupons in Relationship Marketing

Relationship marketing is an important concept in both the contemporary marketing academia and practice. Companies have been searching for the most effective way to talk to their targeted customer segment, and establish sustainable long-term relationship with them. However, the vast majority of the extant literature has only examined this phenomenon at the conceptual level: for example, from the classic foundational piece of Dwyer, Schurr, and Oh (1987) to the recent monograph of Palmetier, (2008), although with one exception of Fournier’s work in 1998, and very little empirical work has been conducted on relational metaphor. With the rapid development and dissemination of mobile technology, many applications of mobile marketing have been gaining popularity among companies. Mobile coupons, in particular, are believed to be appropriate for relationship marketing with its inherent media characteristics, such as easy to carry, access to network 24/7, and emotional bond with customers. The emerging application of mobile coupons provides one possible venue where relationship constructs can be empirically examined. Therefore, the research objectives of this paper are: (1) to gain a better understanding of how companies benefit from mobile couponing campaigns in relationship marketing activities; and (2) to explore consumers’ attitude toward mobile coupons and their concerns with this marketing technique.
Successes and Challenges of Optimal Trauma Care for Rural Family Physicians in Kansas.

Introduction. Kansas has a regionalized trauma systemwith formal mechanisms for review, however, increasedcommunication with rural providers can uncover opportunitiesfor system process improvement. Therefore, thisqualitative study explored perceptions of family medicinephysicians staffing emergency departments (ED) in rural areas,specifically to determine what is going well and what areasneeded improvement in relation to the trauma system. Methods. A focus group included Kansas rural family physiciansrecruited from a local symposium for family medicinephysicians. Demographic information was collected via surveyprior to the focus group session, which was audiotaped.Research team members read the transcription, identifiedthemes, and grouped the findings into categories for analysis. Results. Seven rural family medicine physicians participated inthe focus group. The majority were male (71%) with the mean age46.71 years. All saw patients in the ED and had treated injuriesdue to agriculture, falls, and motor vehicle collisions. Participantsidentified successes in the adoption and enforcement of standardizedprocesses, specifically through level IV trauma centercertification and staff requirements for Advanced Trauma LifeSupport training. Communication breakdown during patient dischargeand skill maintenance were the most prevalent challenges. Conclusions. Even with an established regionalized traumasystem in the state of Kansas, there continues to be opportunitiesfor improvement. The challenges acknowledged byfocus group participants may not be identified through patientcase reviews (if conducted), therefore tertiary centersshould conduct system reviews with referring hospitals regularlyto improve systemic concerns. KS J Med 2017;10(1):12-16.
Advanced multimodality neuroimaging of a giant, thrombosed MCA aneurysm complicated by an acute stroke in a pediatric patient.

Abstract A 17-year-old boy presented to our quaternary hospital because of acute mental status changes following prolonged gastrointestinal illness resulting in dehydration. Neuroimaging studies with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a giant thrombosed aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) with acute left MCA stroke. An ischemic penumbra was identified based upon the mismatch between diffusion weighted (DWI) and susceptibility weighted (SWI) MRI matching with the perfusion weighted imaging (PWI). On follow-up MRI, the core of ischemia as identified by DWI progressed into the ischemic penumbra identified by SWI. The patient had permanent moderate right hemiparesis and aphasia on last follow-up. In conclusion, thrombosis is a rare complication of a giant aneurysm in children. Advanced neuroimaging using the combination of DWI and noncontrast enhanced SWI is a valuable alternative or possibly adjunct to PWI to identify tissue at risk for progressing stroke.
Abstract A49: Specific Kras codon 12 and 13 mutations display different tumor initiation in pancreatic cancer

Defining the effect of specific oncogenic mutations on tumor behavior and therapy response is essential for developing effective treatment strategies and realizing the promise of precision medicine. KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers, and specific cancer types show a clear bias in the types and frequency of Kras alterations. The generation of conditional animal models, such as Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL) KrasG12D (KC model) and LSL-KrasG12Vgeo mice, has provided important tools to dissect the impact of Kras mutation in tumor development, but these models alone do not recapitulate the spectrum of Kras alterations in human cancer. To better reflect this Kras mutational landscape, we have developed a series of critical LSL-Kras mouse models that recapitulate common Kras alterations observed in colorectal (G13D), pancreatic (G12R), and lung cancer (G12C). Mice carrying each LSL-Kras variant, a pancreas-specific Cre (p48-Cre) and a far-red fluorescent Cre-reporter (mKate2), displayed drastically different morphologic features in early stages of pancreatic cell transformation, associated with dramatic changes in the degree of stromal expansion within the pancreas. Now, we are focused in exploring how such changes following Kras alterations influence progression to carcinoma and response to targeted therapies. Citation Format: Maria Paz Zafra Martin, Direna Alonso-Curbelo, J. Erby Wilkinson, Emma Schatoff, Lukas E. Dow. Specific Kras codon 12 and 13 mutations display different tumor initiation in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A49.
Letters of recommendation for surgical fellowships - Does gender make a difference?

Abstract Background Females comprise 1/3 of general surgery residents, 1/4 of surgical faculty and 10% of full professors. Inadequate sponsorship is one proposed mechanism for this decline. This study evaluated letters of recommendation (LOR) among applicants applying to a complex general surgical oncology (CGSO) fellowship. Methods Linguistic analysis of LOR for CGSO applicants was conducted. Demographics of authors and features of the LOR were extracted. Differences by gender of the applicant were analyzed. Results Among 340 letters, 67% were written for male and 33% written for female applicants. Males authored 84% of letters reviewed. Female authors used more grindstone adjectives than males (3.61 v 2.90). However, this difference was seen only among letters written for male applicants (3.82 v. 2.73). All other linguistic features were similar, aside from mention of physical appearance which was significantly more common in letters written about female applicants (4% v. 1%). Conclusions Female authors write substantively different letters than males. Physical appearance is a small but important difference in letters for female applicants.
Characterization and electrochemical assessment of Al-Zn-In alloy with trivalent chromium process coating

Abstract To reduce self-corrosion of Al-Zn-In pigments in an Al-rich primer, trivalent chromium process (TCP) was applied to the pigments before mixing in the epoxy binder. The formation of TCP and its effects on both the Al-Zn-In bulk alloy and pigment particles were investigated in this study. The TCP layer on the Al-Zn-In alloy has a bilayer structure similar to TCP layers formed on other alloys. The corrosion rate of bulk Al-Zn-In alloy is reduced by the TCP treatment. The TCP layer likely blocks the access of Cl- to the Al-Zn-In alloy, which reduces corrosion attack initiation.
What Can We Do to Promote Mental Health Among Individuals With Developmental Coordination Disorder

It is well-documented that individuals with DCD experience mental health problems, in both psychosocial and psychiatric domains. In this review, we propose a series of diverse options to improve mental health among individuals with DCD. Despite recognition of mental health problems in DCD, relatively little work has been done to develop effective interventions. There is an urgent need for action in this matter. We present and discuss options based on a societal perspective (awareness and understanding), parental perspective (access to services and resources), and child perspective (participation). In order to improve mental health, interventions must take into account multiple levels in a complex framework that includes community, family, and the individual. While more research on intervention effectiveness is necessary, researchers, practitioners, and community advocates can use existing initiatives as a starting point to address the urgent need for improving mental health in DCD.
The association between tumor mutational burden and prognosis is dependent on treatment context

In multiple cancer types, high tumor mutational burden (TMB) is associated with longer survival after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The association of TMB with survival outside of the immunotherapy context is poorly understood. We analyzed 10,233 patients (80% non-ICI-treated, 20% ICI-treated) with 17 cancer types before/without ICI treatment or after ICI treatment. In non-ICI-treated patients, higher TMB (higher percentile within cancer type) was not associated with better prognosis; in fact, in many cancer types, higher TMB was associated with poorer survival, in contrast to ICI-treated patients in whom higher TMB was associated with longer survival.
Shelby D. Hunt’s legacy, the R-A theory of competition, and its perspective on the geographical indications (GIs) debate

The article highlights Dr. Shelby Hunt’s major contribution to the interminable discussions in the field of competition in general, and most specifically in the role of institutions and public poli...
Incorporating Relational Knowledge in Explainable Fake News Detection

The greater public has become aware of the rising prevalence of untrustworthy information in online media. Extensive adaptive detection methods have been proposed for mitigating the adverse effect of fake news. Computational methods for detecting fake news based on the news content have several limitations, such as: 1) Encoding semantics from original texts is limited to the structure of the language in the text, making both bag-of-words and embedding-based features deceptive in the representation of a fake news, and 2) Explainable methods often neglect relational contexts in fake news detection. In this paper, we design a knowledge graph enhanced framework for effectively detecting fake news while providing relational explanation. We first build a credential-based multi-relation knowledge graph by extracting entity relation tuples from our training data and then apply a compositional graph convolutional network to learn the node and relation embeddings accordingly. The pre-trained graph embeddings are then incorporated into a graph convolutional network for fake news detection. Through extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, we demonstrate the proposed knowledge graph enhanced framework has significant improvement in terms of fake news detection as well as structured explainability.
Multidimensional Scaling for Gene Sequence Data with Autoencoders

Multidimensional scaling of gene sequence data has long played a vital role in analysing gene sequence data to identify clusters and patterns. However the computation complexities and memory requirements of state-of-the-art dimensional scaling algorithms make it infeasible to scale to large datasets. In this paper we present an autoencoder-based dimensional reduction model which can easily scale to datasets containing millions of gene sequences, while attaining results comparable to state-of-the-art MDS algorithms with minimal resource requirements. The model also supports out-of-sample data points with a 99.5%+ accuracy based on our experiments. The proposed model is evaluated against DAMDS with a real world fungi gene sequence dataset. The presented results showcase the effectiveness of the autoencoder-based dimension reduction model and its advantages.
Development of a Surgical Research Program for Medical Students and its Short-Term Impact on Academic Productivity

OBJECTIVE To describe the development and implementation of a mentored surgical research program for medical students and its short-term impact on academic productivity. DESIGN Description of an educational research program. SETTING University of Colorado School of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS Rising second-year medical students. METHODS We piloted an 8-week mentored surgical research program with an interactive curriculum that included lectures on fundamental research skills and conferences for early clinical exposure. Each student was paired with a faculty mentor and research project and provided weekly updates at faculty led work-in-progress meetings. Students who completed the program were provided with an end-of-program evaluation of their own learning. Follow-up at 3-months and 6-months post-program completion assessed continued research engagement and productivity. Results Thirteen 1st year medical students completed the pilot program. Eleven (85%) students completed the end-of-program evaluation. All students felt the program was valuable to their future and helped develop their ability to investigate and solve new research questions. All students felt confident or very confident that they had the knowledge and resources to write and submit an abstract to a national meeting, and 10 (91%) felt similarly about writing a manuscript in the future. On 3-month follow-up, 11 (85%) of the 13 students were still engaged with their research labs; six (46%) had submitted an abstract to a national meeting, 3 (23%) of which were accepted for oral presentation. Two (15%) were in the process of drafting a manuscript; none had yet submitted one. At 6-month follow-up, 2 additional students had abstracts accepted for oral presentation. One student had submitted a manuscript, and 3 were in the process of drafting one. Conclusions Integrating research early into the medical school curriculum helps equip students with the fundamental skills needed for early academic achievement and may help establish success in academic careers.
High Temperature Performance of Heterogeneous MOSCAP Microring Modulators

We present results from our heterogeneous MOSCAP microring modulators, which show no degradation in performance from 20 to 80 °C, and are suitable for integration on uncooled transceivers operating in a harsh environment.