cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding "hidden" connections on linkedIn an argument for more pragmatic social network privacy

Social networking services well know that some users are unwilling to freely share the information they store with the service (e.g. profile information). To address this, ser vices typically provide various privacy "knobs" that the user may adjust to limit access by content type or user identity. However, the main purpose of social networks, community building, is largely at odds with this, hence it is unsurprising that privacy breaches in social networks are increasingly discovered. We argue that this tension between social networking goals and privacy suggests that research efforts should be focused more on efficient methods for detecting privacy breaches in social networks and on building user awareness of privacy risks and the trade-off between privacy and utility. We support our argument with a simple method for discovering LinkedIn contacts ostensibly hidden by privacy settings. This method appears discoverable with a straightforward analysis of the LinkedIn system and its features (indeed, LinkedIn is likely aware of this method), however Linkedin's privacy instructions suggest to users that implementing a privacy setting will prevent such discovery.
High-power 1.5-/spl mu/m InGaAsP-InP slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier

We report the first demonstration of a high-power semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on the slab-coupled optical waveguide concept. This concept allows the realization of SOAs having large fundamental optical modes, low loss, and small optical confinement factor. These attributes support large output saturation power, long length for efficient heat removal, and direct butt-coupling to single-mode fibers. The 1.5-/spl mu/m InGaAsP-InP quantum-well amplifier described here has a length of 1 cm, 1/e/sup 2/ intensity widths of 4 /spl mu/m (vertical) and 8 /spl mu/m (horizontal), a fiber-to-fiber gain of 13 dB, and a fiber-coupled output saturation power of 630 mW (+28 dBm). The measured butt-coupling efficiency between the amplifier and SMF-28 is 55%. Thus, the output saturation power of the amplifier itself is approximately 1.1 W (+31 dBm).
A simulation study comparing supertree and combined analysis methods using SMIDGen

Supertree methods comprise one approach to reconstructing large molecular phylogenies given multi-marker datasets: trees are estimated on each marker and then combined into a tree (the "supertree") on the entire set of taxa. Supertrees can be constructed using various algorithmic techniques, with the most common being matrix representation with parsimony (MRP). When the data allow, the competing approach is a combined analysis (also known as a "supermatrix" or "total evidence" approach) whereby the different sequence data matrices for each of the different subsets of taxa are concatenated into a single supermatrix, and a tree is estimated on that supermatrix. In this paper, we describe an extensive simulation study we performed comparing two supertree methods, MRP and weighted MRP, to combined analysis methods on large model trees. A key contribution of this study is our novel simulation methodology (Super-Method Input Data Generator, or SMIDGen) that better reflects biological processes and the practices of systematists than earlier simulations. We show that combined analysis based upon maximum likelihood outperforms MRP and weighted MRP, giving especially big improvements when the largest subtree does not contain most of the taxa. This study demonstrates that MRP and weighted MRP produce distinctly less accurate trees than combined analyses for a given base method (maximum parsimony or maximum likelihood). Since there are situations in which combined analyses are not feasible, there is a clear need for better supertree methods. The source tree and combined datasets used in this study can be used to test other supertree and combined analysis methods.
Latitudinal oscillations of plasma within the Io torus

The equilibrium latitude and the period of oscillations about this equilibrium latitude are calculated for a plasma in a centrifugally dominated tilted dipole magnetic field representing Jupiter's inner magnetosphere. It is found that for a hot plasma the equilibrium latitude in the magnetic equator, for a cold plasma it is the centrifugal equator, and for a warm plasma it is somewhere in between. An illustrative model is adopted in which atoms are sputtered from the Jupiter-facing hemisphere of Io and escape Io's gravity to be subsequently ionized some distance from Io. Finally, it is shown that ionization generally does not occur at the equilibrium altitude, and that the resulting latitudinal oscillations provide an explanation for the irregularities in electron concentration within the torus, as reported by the radioastronomy experiment aboard Voyager I.
Understanding Y haplotype matching probability

The Y haplotype population-genetic terrain is better explored from a fresh perspective rather than by analogy with the more familiar autosomal ideas. For haplotype matching probabilities, versus for autosomal matching probabilities, explicit attention to modelling - such as how evolution got us where we are - is much more important while consideration of population frequency is much less so. This paper explores, extends, and explains some of the concepts of "Fundamental problem of forensic mathematics - the evidential strength of a rare haplotype match". That earlier paper presented and validated a "kappa method" formula for the evidential strength when a suspect matches a previously unseen haplotype (such as a Y-haplotype) at the crime scene. Mathematical implications of the kappa method are intuitive and reasonable. Suspicions to the contrary raised in rest on elementary errors. Critical to deriving the kappa method or any sensible evidential calculation is understanding that thinking about haplotype population frequency is a red herring; the pivotal question is one of matching probability. But confusion between the two is unfortunately institutionalized in much of the forensic world. Examples make clear why (matching) probability is not (population) frequency and why uncertainty intervals on matching probabilities are merely confused thinking. Forensic matching calculations should be based on a model, on stipulated premises. The model inevitably only approximates reality, and any error in the results comes only from error in the model, the inexactness of the approximation. Sampling variation does not measure that inexactness and hence is not helpful in explaining evidence and is in fact an impediment. Alternative haplotype matching probability approaches that various authors have considered are reviewed. Some are based on no model and cannot be taken seriously. For the others, some evaluation of the models is discussed. Recent evidence supports the adequacy of the simple exchangability model on which the kappa method rests. However, to make progress toward forensic calculation of Y haplotype mixture evidence a different tack is needed. The "Laplace distribution" model of Andersen et al. [3] which estimates haplotype frequencies by identifying haplotype clusters in population data looks useful.
A comparison of push-out policies in an ATM multiplexer

The authors investigate the impact of choosing different push-out policies (first-in-first-drop, last-in-first-drop, and random) on the loss performance at an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) multiplexer. They evaluate the effect of these policies on the loss probability and on the distribution of consecutive loss. Although differences were found for the loss probability, they do not imply a decrease of an order of magnitude. When the low-priority loss probability is high, the last-in-first-drop plays a major role in the decrease of the number of consecutive losses and, depending on the coding, may have a decisive impact on the quality of real-time signal reconstruction at the receiver. Choosing a policy between first-in-first-drop and last-in-first-drop is a trade-off between improving quality of service requirements: high-priority loss probability and low-priority average number of consecutive loss. Random offers intermediate performance quality between the aforementioned policies. >
Zur Darstellung von Alkylammoniumfluoroferraten(III) in wasserfreiem Methanol

Alkylammoniumfluoroferrate(III) konnen formelrein und in guter Ausbeute durch Reaktion der entsprechenden Alkylammoniumfluoride mit FeBr3 in methanolischer Losung dargestellt werden. Bei einem Uberschus an Fluorid (Mol-Verh. F/Fe ⩾ 12) werden Hexafluoroferrate(III) gebildet, die bei weiterer Zugabe von FeBr3-Methanollosung uber Pentafluoroferrate(III) zu Tetrafluoroferraten (III) abgebaut werden. Die Alkylammoniumfluoroferrate(III) sind in der Regel stark hydrolyseempfindlich; beim Erhitzen zersetzen sie sich ab etwa 340 K unter Bildung von FeF3, Alkylaminen und HF als Hauptprodukten, neben geringen Mengen fluorierter Alkylamine. On the Preparation of Alkylammoniumfluoroferrates(III) in Anhydrous Methanol Pure Alkylammoniumfluoroferrates(III) can be obtained in good yield by reaction of the corresponding alkylammoniumfluorides with FeBr3 in methanolic solution. Excess of fluoride in the molar ratio F/Fe ⩾ 12 yields hexafluoroferrates(III), which rearrange after addition of methanolic FeBr3 solution stepwise to pentafluoroferrates(III) and last not least to tetrafluoroferrates(III). Usually alkylammoniumfluoroferrates(III) are extremely hygroscopic. Above 340 K they decompose forming FeF3, alkylamines, and HF as main products besides small amounts of fluorinated alkylamines.
Lucretian Ridicule of Anaxagoras

In the first argumentative section of Book 1, Lucretius establishes the existence of matter and void (146–482), and in the second identifies matter as the atoms and defines their properties (483–634). In the third section, following Epicurean tradition, he attempts to refute a representative selection of Presocratic philosophers – Heraclitus (635–704), Empedocles (705–829) and Anaxagoras (830–920) – whose explanations of basic matter are potential rivals to the atomist theory which he has just outlined. The climax to this section is reached in Lucretius' triumphant personal claim to be an original poet and health-bringing purveyor of truth (921–50). His foregoing criticism (and praise) of the Presocratics as writers and thinkers is deeply coloured by the values he openly professes here. The introductory passages to each philosopher, in particular, are highly revealing of Lucretius' personal inclinations as a poet and exhibit a virtuoso command of several styles and techniques.
Automatic text summarization with neural networks

A novel technique for summarizing news articles using neural networks is presented. A neural network is trained to learn the relevant features of sentences that should be included in the summary of the article. The neural network is then modified to generalize and combine the relevant features apparent in summary sentences. Finally, the modified neural network is used as a filter to summarize news articles.
Exploring a Cancer Biomarker: The Example of C-Reactive Protein

An elevated plasma level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is an established biomarker of increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes ( 1 , 2 ). An association has also been suggested between plasma CRP level and the risk of cancer, particularly lung and colon cancers; however, the evidence is inconclusive because of the lack of large-scale prospective studies in which CRP levels were measured in healthy individuals before the onset of the disease ( 3 ). One explanation for why CRP may identify individuals at increased risk of disease lies in its association with chronic — mostly subclinical — inflammation. There is also some evidence that CRP may act as active contributor to inflammation, and this activity may depend on the conformation of the protein ( 4 ). Whether CRP is only a biomarker or an active player in inflammation might have important clinical implications. The study by Allin et al. ( 5 ) in this issue of the Journal addresses precisely the role of CRP as a biomarker vs as a contributor to carcinogenesis. The study is an elegant example of how genetic variants that have a functional impact can be used to explore associations between environmental factors and disease, and specifi cally to identify and control for confounding factors, based on the approach that has become known as Mendelian randomization, a term fi rst used by Gray and Wheatley in 1991 in the context of treatment of childhood leukemia ( 6 ). The basic principle of Mendelian randomization is that if a genetic variant infl uences a nongenetic (ie, environmental) factor that is relevant to disease risk, and if the same variant has no other associations with the same disease, then the variant predicts disease risk through its infl uence on the risk factor. Therefore, genetic variants with well-characterized functions (or that are in linkage disequilibrium with other variants with a well-characterized function) can be used to characterize associations between environmental factors and disease risk ( 7 ). Furthermore, using genetic variants instead of their environmental counterparts ensures protection from confounding and reverse causality and — at least in some cases — allows one to assess the effect of long-term exposures. The requirements for Mendelian randomization to be useful (strong functional signifi cance of the variant and the absence of an effect on other pathways) are demanding and are not often fulfi lled. There are examples, however, in which the analysis of genetic variants has helped to elucidate the role of environmental exposures, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding alcoholmetabolizing enzymes that explain the possible protective role of alcohol intake in cardiovascular disease as well as its detrimental role in pregnancy outcomes ( 8 , 9 ). The Mendelian randomization approach would be particularly valuable in the case of environmental factors that are not easily measurable.
Childhood Overweight and the Relationship between Parent Behaviors, Parenting Style, and Family Functioning

This article discusses the relationship between parent behaviors, parenting style, and how a family functions with respect to the development of childhood overweight. Parents can influence a child's weight through specific feeding and activity practices and perhaps more broadly through their parenting style and management of family functioning. These more global influences of parenting style and family functioning provide a framework in which specific parent behaviors can be interpreted by the child. Therefore, understanding the impact of specific parent behaviors within the context of parenting style and family functioning needs to be explored. This article highlights the pervasive influence of parents around the development of dietary habits, and suggests that additional efforts to examine the interaction between specific feeding behaviors and parenting style/family functioning should be promoted to better inform the development of interventions that may help stem the growing prevalence of obesity among our children.
Monte Carlo hole mobility calculations with a first principles alloy scattering approach

The authors recently developed a method to incorporate alloy scattering into Monte Carlo simulations using first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A statistical model of the alloy is used, and the atomic pseudopotentials include spin-orbit coupling terms. Strain in the alloy and across interfaces is included by lowering the structural energy with Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno minimization subject to constraints on the atomic forces determined by the strain.
A literature review of the effects of computer input device design on biomechanical loading and musculoskeletal outcomes during computer work.

BACKGROUND: Extended use of conventional computer input devices is associated with negative musculoskeletal outcomes. While many alternative designs have been proposed, it is unclear whether these devices reduce biomechanical loading and musculoskeletal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To review studies describing and evaluating the biomechanical loading and musculoskeletal outcomes associated with conventional and alternative input devices. METHODS: Included studies evaluated biomechanical loading and/or musculoskeletal outcomes of users’ distal or proximal upper extremity regions associated with the operation of alternative input devices (pointing devices, mice, other devices) that could be used in a desktop personal computing environment during typical office work. RESULTS: Some alternative pointing device designs (e.g. rollerbar) were consistently associated with decreased biomechanical loading while other designs had inconsistent results across studies. Most alternative keyboards evaluated in the literature reduce biomechanical loading and musculoskeletal outcomes. Studies of other input devices (e.g. touchscreen and gestural controls) were rare, however, those reported to date indicate that these devices are currently unsuitable as replacements for traditional devices. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative input devices that reduce biomechanical loading may make better choices for preventing or alleviating musculoskeletal outcomes during computer use, however, it is unclear whether many existing designs are effective.
ConductorBacked Coplanar Waveguide

This chapter presents the characteristics of a coplanar waveguide with a lower ground plane. The lower ground plane provides mechanical strength for a thin and fragile wafer, such as GaAs, and acts as a heat sink for circuits with active devices. This configuration of the CPW is known as the conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW). The chapter commences with expressions based on quasi-static analysis for the effective dielectric constant ?> eff and characteristic impedance Z 0 of CBCPW with and without a top metal cover. Later sections of the chapter discuss the effect of conducting lateral walls on the dominant mode of the CBCPW and the effect of lateral electric and magnetic walls on the higher order mode propagation constant. A new variant of the CBCPW, namely the channelized coplanar waveguide (CCPW), is also presented.
The Future of Surgical Oncology: Image-Guided Cancer Surgery.

What Is the Innovation? During cancer operations, a surgeon only has 2 tools, visual inspectionand fingerpalpation, todecideandexecute critical choices that determine the outcome of a tumor resection.1 The hands and eyes can only provide limited data during surgery. Our group and others have hypothesized that fluorescent labeling of tumor cells during surgerywill improve intraoperativedetectionofcancercells.2,3 If the tumor cellswill fluoresceor “glow”during surgery, the surgeons are more likely to identify tumor margins, residual disease, positive lymph nodes, and satellite metastases. This concept of intraoperative molecular imaging requires 2 innovations2: a fluorescent contrast agent that can be injected systemically into thepatient that selectively accumulates in the tumor tissues3 and a camera system that candetect andquantify the contrast agent in the tumor tissues.2,4 Several fluorescent contrast agents exist to highlight tumors, including EC17 (folate-fluorescein), indocyanine green, OTL0038 (Pte-Tyr–near-infared [NIR]dye), aminolevulinic acid,bevacizumab– 800CW,andhexylaminolevulinate.Theseagentsaregivensystemically and target tumorsbyavarietyofmechanisms including receptor-mediated binding, enhanced permeability and retention in the tumor microenvironment, and “smart probes” (eg, enzyme activated). In addition, companies such as VisionSense, Quest, Olympus, Novadaq, Karl Storz, Perkin-Elmer, and many others have emerged to offer camera systems for the operating room for visualizing these tracers once they accumulate in tumors.
Properties of Degraded TBP-Amsco Solutions and Alternative Extractant-Diluent Systems

The formation and chemical properties of the major degradation products of several diluents in contact with acidic nitrate solutions have been studied, together with (1) methods for purifying degra...
Broken fixes: a systematic analysis of the effectiveness of modern and postmodern interventions utilized to decrease IPV perpetration among Black males remanded to treatment

Abstract Batterer intervention programs are mostly failing to protect victims of intimate partner violence; yet, there is a dearth of research that examines the treatment intervention as a predictor for program dropout. A systematic review of offenders' attrition and recidivism rates throughout the literature found that current interventions typically mandated by criminal justice policymakers, like the Duluth Model and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, are largely ineffective for perpetrators of all racial/ethnic groups. However, they are particularly problematic for Black males who are disproportionately remanded to treatment and more likely to drop out, which elevates their risk of reoffending at increased lethality. Current interventions account for patriarchy; however, there is a fundamental mismatch, specifically since the interlocking nature of systemic racism, along with its societal effects that include social, political and economic inequality that Black males dually experience are largely ignored. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of strengths-based intervention models, like Goal Setting, to account for their needs. Although limited, available research reflects promising outcomes and may point toward developing more strengths-based interventions. Fixing the batterer system is critical to reducing intimate partner violence, particularly since Black women are murdered by their intimate partner at rates that parallel Black males' program dropout.
Effect of specific estrogens on prostaglandin synthesis in aorta and thrombocytes of female pigeons.

AbstractThe effect of two major natural estrogens (estrone and 17β-estradiol) on prostaglandin biosynthesis from [14C]arachidonic acid in thrombocytes and aorta of female pigeons was compared with that of a male sex hormone (testosterone). In the aorta, 17β-estradiol stimulated the synthesis of 6-keto PGF1α and PGF2α but markedly reduced the synthesis of PGE2. Estrone on the other hand stimulated the synthesis of PGE2. Testosterone stimulated the synthesis of all prostaglandins in the aorta. In the thrombocytes, 17β-estradiol decreased aggregatory response to arachidonic acid and synthesis of thromboxane B2. Estrone on the other hand increased aggregatory response to arachidonic acid. Testosterone decreased the synthesis of thromboxane B2. These studies have documented markedly different effects of estrone and 17β-estradiol on prostaglandin metabolism in aorta and thrombocytes of female pigeons. Furthermore, it is suggested that testosterone when administered to female pigeons might cause favorable effect...
Indonesia. Madurese seafarers: Prahus, timber, and illegality on the margins of the Indonesian state. By Kurt Stenross. Singapore: NUS Press (in association with the Asian Studies Association of Australia), 2011. Pp. xxvi + 315. Maps, Plates, Notes, Bibliography, Index.

Madurese seafarers: Prahus, timber, and illegality on the margins of the Indonesian state By KURT STENROSS Singapore: NUS Press (in association with the Asian Studies Association of Australia), 2011. Pp. xxvi + 315. Maps, Plates, Notes, Bibliography, Index. It has been remarked by some that Indonesia might be the only large economy in the world that would not grind to a complete and utter halt if oil suddenly dried up and became unavailable across the globe. The reason for this, the truism says, is that the sailing fleet of the country has such a long history, and such comprehensive coverage of the island nation's ports, that Indonesia's economy would continue to function, albeit at a slower pace. No one knows when these words were first uttered, and they probably are no longer precisely true for Indonesia. But this does not take away from the geist of the statement, or the sentiment; Indonesia is an archipelagic nation, and it is still very much dependent on its ships. Today most of these ships run on gasoline, even if many do indeed still have sails to use for times that the winds are blowing in the correct direction. Kurt Stenross has been an avid chronicler of these shipping traditions in one particular part of the archipelago, the island of Madura (off northeast Java) and its attendant small islets. It is fair to say that there is no living person who knows more about these craft--their history, construction, viability and design-than Stenross. Over several decades, he has returned again and again to Madura, and has even sailed with the Madurese in a number of directions. What MacKnight, Pelras and Ammarell, among others, have collectively done for the Bugis, Stenross has done on his own for the shipping traditions of the Madurese. His new book tells that story, and gives an exhaustive account of the Madurese as sailors, traders and smugglers in the central waters of the Java Sea. The book is organised into seven chapters. The first chapter outlines who the Madurese are as a maritime people, while the second looks at the main cargoes that make their journeys profitable and worthwhile. Chapter three looks at the ships themselves, and the places they come from on the island of Madura proper. Chapter four looks at what Stenross calls 'opportunity and illegality', while chapter five analyses the profits from such activities. Chapter six then studies entrepreneurship and risk as part of this overall equation, placing the maritime Madurese in a long line of ethnic minorities who seem to be drawn to taking chances with illegal cargoes in complex markets. The seventh chapter acts as a conclusion, though this section could have been usefully expanded into a longer meditation about the aims and conclusions of the book as a whole. …
Racing to the Bottom? The Impact of Intrastate Competition on Tax Abatement Generosity in Ohio

Does intrajurisdictional tax competition lead local governments to offer larger tax abatements to firms? The authors build upon the traditional literature that models tax abatements as a negotiation between individual governments and firms by including systemic political and economic trends affecting the bargaining power of local governments and businesses. The authors use a longitudinal data set from 1983 to 2004 with detailed information on the 4,408 individual tax abatements negotiated between local governments and firms to examine how tax abatement generosity varies in response to the relative bargaining position of governments and firms. They find that as Ohio has increased the number of local governments able to offer tax abatements, local governments have offered larger abatements to firms.
Function through synthesis-informed design.

ConspectusIn 1996, a snapshot of the field of synthesis was provided by many of its thought leaders in a Chemical Reviews thematic issue on “Frontiers in Organic Synthesis”. This Accounts of Chemical Research thematic issue on “Synthesis, Design, and Molecular Function” is intended to provide further perspective now from well into the 21st century. Much has happened in the past few decades. The targets, methods, strategies, reagents, procedures, goals, funding, practices, and practitioners of synthesis have changed, some in dramatic ways as documented in impressive contributions to this issue. However, a constant for most synthesis studies continues to be the goal of achieving function with synthetic economy. Whether in the form of new catalysts, reagents, therapeutic leads, diagnostics, drug delivery systems, imaging agents, sensors, materials, energy generation and storage systems, bioremediation strategies, or molecules that challenge old theories or test new ones, the function of a target has been and...
A New Character for the Identification of the Boll Weevil and the Thurberia Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The criteria given by Pierce (1913) for distinguishing the thurberia weevil ( Anthonomus grandis thurberiae Pierce) from the boll weevil ( Anthonomus grandis Boheman) have proven satisfactory when one confines his identifications to the populations that these criteria were meant to distinguish. One's identifications are doubly certain if he is dealing with the principal populations of the two. The boll weevil ranges all over the southeastern United States but is not known from west of Texas. The thurberia weevil is confined to Arizona in the United States. However, when one attempts to apply Pierce's criteria to the identification of unknown populations, he experiences some difficulty. Some boll weevils look very much like thurberia weevils and thurberia weevils sometimes look like boll weevils. Average differences may exist but it is not easy to compare samples on average differences alone. Any extension of the range of either weevil into new territory could have serious economic implications. If one has only a small sample for identification, it is easy to wish that someone else had to make the decision.
Closed-loop Pallet Engagement in Unstructured Environments

This paper addresses the problem of autonomous manipulation of a priori unknown palletized cargo with a robotic lift truck. More specifically, we describe coupled perception and control algorithms that enable the vehicle to engage and drop off loaded pallets relative to locations on the ground or arbitrary truck beds. With little prior knowledge of the objects with which the vehicle is to interact, we present an estimation framework that utilizes a series of classifiers to infer the objects’ structure and pose from individual LIDAR scans. The different classifiers share a low-level shape estimation algorithm that uses a linear program to robustly segment input data to generate a set of weak candidate features. We present and analyze the performance of the segmentation and subsequently describe its role in our estimation algorithm. We then evaluate the performance of the motion controller that, given an estimate for a pallet’s pose, we employ to safely engage a pallet. We conclude with a validation of our algorithms for a set of real world pallet and truck interactions.
Situating STS and Thinking Ahead

This essay sketches some of the broader sociopolitical and academic conditions of possibility at the time of the founding of the SKAT Section of the American sociological Association, noting the diversity of concerned groups and the affordances of epistemological diversity. I situate my own development as an early STS scholar, and discuss the growing salience of (post)colonial STS and concerns regarding current STS training and publishing.
More Bang for the Buck

Over the last decade design interests have begun shifting away from complex overall forms towards the tessellated worlds of scripted and parametrically defined structures. The blob may be dead, but the challenge of complex geometries in architecture remains. Blob or pattern — advanced computational techniques are becoming indispensable in supporting design, fabrication and process management.
What Is the Future of French Politics

If institutional stability and economic progress are used as the principal criteria for judging a political system, the Fifth Republic must be considered a success. Four decades after its inauguration, the regime has amply reflected the themes of “change within continuity” articulated by both Presidents Pompidou and Giscard d’Estaing. A remarkable balance has been achieved between French traditionalism and the spirit of innovation; the old institutions have been retained, but their functional relationships have been rationalized. The executive has sufficient unity and power to make decisions, and it has used this power fairly effectively.
Continuing the conversation: listening to the oboe

As noted by several authors in this forum, the National Communication Association (NCA) Learning Outcomes in Communication (LOC) are wisely proposed as “a starting point for conversation” rather th...
A new super-resolution algorithm for millimeter wave imaging on security applications

In this work, we propose a new algorithm that improves the radar resolution of current state-of-the-art SAR imaging systems. The algorithm is based on a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the sensing matrix, which is latter regularized by using a Tikhonov regularization. This algorithm provides range resolution of the order of two wavelengths, which is attained from the maximum frequency of the system.
Management of Fractured Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Outcomes by Fragment Location.

Fragments from fractured filters, when intravascular, can be removed by using percutaneous interventional techniques successfully in a large percentage of patients, with the success varying by fragment location.
The Composite Effect of Stock Markets, Bank Stability and Country-Level Institutional Factors on Leverage

This paper analyzes the relation between firms' leverage, financial development and firm-level characteristics. I find financial development, measured as stock market turnover ratio or stock market capitalization, is negatively related to firm leverage while financial development, measured as the stability of a country's commercial banking system, is positively related to firm leverage. As stock markets become more developed, leverage decreases. This decrease is more pronounced for smaller firms as compared to larger firms. As banks become more stable, leverage increases and this increase is more pronounced for larger firms as compared to smaller firms. I also find that leverage is lower for firms in politically unstable and more corrupt countries. Conversely, firms are more levered in countries with stronger protection of creditor rights. A higher restrictiveness on foreign direct investment significantly increases leverage ratios of firms.
Videodisc Player utility Programs: Lesson Manager for Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc

Lesson Manager for Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc is a HyperCard () stack designed to enable high school and college chemistry teachers to have easy access to selections from the Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc (). It enables selection of video segments by chapter title or topic. A unique feature of this stack is a lesson manager that allows a related group of demonstrations to be stored for easy access during a lecture. A study of teachers and students using software to control videodisc players revealed that some users were confused by the large number of small buttons and said they had problems using the software in the classroom. To solve this problem, controls have been designed to be easy to use in low lighting situations. Advanced features that are seldom used and might create confusion for occasional users are intentionally not provided.Description cards give a summary of each demonstration with appropriate equations. Frame numbers, remote controls and barcode readers ...
Acute streptococcal meningitis presenting as bilateral conductive hearing loss.

Abstract Bacterial meningitis is a relatively uncommon condition encountered in the emergency department and the constellation of symptoms varies. Hearing loss has been well documented in the literature as a complication of the disease process, but not as the presenting complaint. We describe a case of a 59-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with sudden onset bilateral hearing loss who was found to have S. pneumonia meningitis bacterial meningitis. Even with advances in therapy, bacterial meningitis still carries a significant mortality rate. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical to achieving good outcomes.
Professional Learning Communities at the Crossroads: How Systems Hinder or Engender Change

In this chapter, I present a sobering assessment of the challenges facing the PLC movement. We are beginning to see that enthusiastic efforts to “scale up” PLCs often backfire. Rather than assessing student performance and collaborating to improve teaching and learning, many teacher groups formed through mandates simply comply with the letter of the law and fail to realize improved student achievement. This is because school administrators and leaders of change either fail to understand the deep principles that anchor PLC work or try to create them in ways that alienate teachers. I conclude the chapter by suggesting six principles for changing a school system in ways that will stimulate and sustain PLCs as described in the literature.
Asymmetry in the Ventilatory Response to a Bout of Hypoxia in Human Beings

Ventilation rapidly increases initially in response to the sudden imposition of isocapnic hypoxia. Recently there has been interest in the subsequent slow decline in ventilation in the face of sustained hypoxia [9, 7, 2]. The mechanisms behind this decline are still controversial and changes in cerebral blood flow as well as several neuromodulators have been implicated. The return to normoxia or hyperoxia from hypoxia shows a rapid decrease in ventilation followed by a subsequent slow return to the resting level, usually from an undershoot. Examination of the ventilatory responses shows that there are noticeable differences between the response for the transition into hypoxia from the transition out of hypoxia. While the response to the step into hypoxia shows a pronounced overshoot, in comparsion, the response to a step out of hypoxia shows less of an undershoot. We have used curve fitting techniques to fit a mathematical model to ventilatory response data in order to quantify the differences in the response.
Dollarization in Bolivia: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives

In Latin America, during the last 3 decades, various countries experienced gradual processes of dollarization. In the case of Bolivia, the preference of Bolivian agents for dollar denominated financial assets is attributed, generally, to the hyperinflation experienced during 1984-1985, and to the lack of confidence on the stabilization program introduced in 1985. The paper presents evidences that the increased dollarization of the financial system in Bolivia, during a period of relative economic stability (1986-1995), is due to the prevailing structure of interest rates, that incentives deposits in dollars. Initially, the document examines empirical evidences, utilizing unit root tests, which leads to accept the assumption that the dollarization in Bolivia is a transitory process. The results also show that the interest rate differential between the local currency deposits and dollar deposits causes, in the Granger sense, the evolution of financial sector dollarization degree. The interest rate differential elasticity of the dollarization process, utilizing ex ante returns, is substantially higher than those found in previous works and is statistically significant. Finally, the paper finds evidences that political transition, which minimize the uncertainty about the direction of the macroeconomic policies, helps to revert the dollarization process.
Reimagining IDO pathway inhibition in cancer immunotherapy via downstream focus on the tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon axis

Significant progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 signaling pathways. Tumors from patients showing sustained treatment response predominately demonstrate a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment prior to, or early on, treatment. Not all tumors with this phenotype respond, however, and one mediator of immunosuppression in T cell-inflamed tumors is the tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Trp-Kyn-AhR) pathway. Multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression may be mediated by this pathway including depletion of tryptophan, direct immunosuppression of Kyn, and activity of Kyn-bound AhR. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a principle enzyme in Trp catabolism, is the target of small-molecule inhibitors in clinical development in combination with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Despite promising results in early-phase clinical trials in a range of tumor types, a phase III study of the IDO1-selective inhibitor epacadostat in combination with pembrolizumab showed no difference between the epacadostat-treated group versus placebo in patients with metastatic melanoma. This has led to a diminution of interest in IDO1 inhibitors; however, other approaches to inhibit this pathway continue to be considered. Novel Trp-Kyn-AhR pathway inhibitors, such as Kyn-degrading enzymes, direct AhR antagonists, and tryptophan mimetics are advancing in early-stage or preclinical development. Despite uncertainty surrounding IDO1 inhibition, ample preclinical evidence supports continued development of Trp-Kyn-AhR pathway inhibitors to augment immune-checkpoint and other cancer therapies.
Profiles of Helicopter Parenting, Parental Warmth, and Psychological Control During Emerging Adulthood:

The current study used a person-centered approach to investigate different profiles of helicopter parenting in conjunction with parental psychological control and parental warmth. Child outcomes of...
Panarchy: Thinking in Systems and Networks

As a concept and disciplinary practice, resilience analysis has evolved rapidly within the twenty-first century. This is driven in large part by the growing complexity in everyday systems that dominate daily life, from energy and transportation networks to medical and even entertainment systems. Such complexity is derived to provide potentially vast benefits to society through innovative technology development and organization, and subsequently makes daily life for individuals easier, more enjoyable, or increasingly integrated.
Fault Detection and Estimation for a Class of Nonlinear Distributed Parameter Systems

This paper presents a new model-based fault detection and estimation framework for a class of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear distributed parameter systems (DPS) described by partial differential equations (PDE) with actuator and sensor faults. The fault functions cover both abrupt and incipient faults. A Luenberger type observer is used to monitor the health of the DPS as a detection observer on the basis of the nonlinear PDE representation of the system with measured output vector. By taking the difference between measured and estimated outputs from this observer, a residual signal is generated for fault detection. If the detection residual exceeds a predefined threshold, a fault will be claimed to be active. Once an actuator or a sensor fault is detected and the fault type is identified, an appropriate fault parameter update law is developed to learn the fault dynamics online with the help of an additional output measurement. Eventually, the proposed detection and estimation framework is demonstrated on a nonlinear process.
Open Markets

An open market is a subset of an entire equity market composed of a certain fixed number of top capitalization stocks. Though the number of stocks in the open market is fixed, the constituents of the market change over time as each company's rank by its market capitalization fluctuates. When one is allowed to invest also in the money market, the open market resembles the entire 'closed' equity market in the sense that the equivalence of market viability (lack of arbitrage) and the existence of numeraire portfolio (portfolio which cannot be outperformed) holds. When access to the money market is prohibited, some topics such as Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), construction of functionally generated portfolios, and the concept of the universal portfolio are presented in the open market setting.
IQOS debut in the USA: Philip Morris International's heated tobacco device introduced in Atlanta, Georgia.

Following the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) April 2019 authorisation on their premarket tobacco product application,1 Philip Morris (PM) has officially launched its heated tobacco product, IQOS, in the USA in October 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia. IQOS consists of a charger and a holder, into which tobacco sticks, called ‘HeatSticks’ in the USA, are inserted (figure 1). The blade in the holder heats tobacco in a HeatStick, producing an aerosol. Prior to the US launch, IQOS was available in 43 countries. PM has also submitted to the FDA a modified risk tobacco product application for IQOS (decision pending). Figure 1 IQOS charger, device and cleaning brush (A) and HeatSticks (B). As of December 2019, two shopping mall-based IQOS flagship stores, seven mobile stores that were generally located in convenience store parking lots and six pop-up stores (‘IQOS Corners’) located inside convenience stores were open in and around the city of Atlanta (figure 2). Each of these locations features employees who can provide personal guided trials and have both the devices and, except for IQOS Corners, HeatSticks available for purchase. In addition, HeatSticks are being sold at 385 retail points, such as convenience stores (eg, RaceTrac), grocery stores (eg, Kroger) and pharmacies (eg, Walgreens). To get into the IQOS flagship stores or mobile locations, shoppers need to have their driver’s licence scanned by an employee at the door. If the shopper has already completed a profile with PM USA, it is retrieved immediately. Then, the shoppers are asked if they are cigarette smokers. Shoppers who state they are not cigarette smokers are permitted into the store but are not allowed to sample HeatSticks or to purchase IQOS devices or HeatSticks. Figure 2 Exterior of first (A) and second (B) IQOS retail locations in Georgia malls; mobile location in Atlanta, Georgia …
Visions of Glory: The Civil War in Word and Image: Diffley, Kathleen, and Benjamin Fagan, Eds. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2019, 256 pp., $24.00 (hardcover).

Visions of Glory is an engaging and inventive visual history of the American Civil War attractively disguised as a coffee table book. Edited by Kathleen Diffley and Benjamin Fagan for the Universit...
CityLab at Boston University - Thirty Years of Innovation and Partnerships

Boston University's (BU) CityLab program was created in 1991 as a partnership between faculty members of BU's School of Medicine and School of Education in response to the first call for proposals under the Science Education Partnership Awards initiative of the National Institutes of Health. CityLab's founders recognized the need for CityLab, a centrally-located facility for pre-college teachers and students to explore the burgeoning world of biotechnology. The mission has always been to share the excitement of science with students and teachers by engaging them in hands-on laboratory experiences, thereby fostering the development of a robust pool of scientists and physicians and a scientifically-literate populace. In order to reach more schools, particularly those that could not come to CityLab's facility in Boston, the CityLab team pioneered the mobile science laboratory concept with the launch of its MobileLab in 1998. Both CityLab and MobileLab have been replicated in the U.S. and abroad. CityLab has sustained itself because it has benefited from stable leadership, built and disseminated models for hands-on STEM education, embraced innovation by creating new programs to serve additional populations, and developed diverse funding streams. The CityLab program has been remarkable in its outreach, success, and longevity.