cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of free radical copolymerization behavior and copolymer properties with the strength of π‐π stacking interactions between aromatic fluorocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons: Comparison of the copolymerization behavior of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene with styrene, 1‐vinylnaphthalene and 2‐vinylnaphthalene

2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorostyrene (PFS) was copolymerized with 1-vinylnaphathalene (1VN) in bulk by radical copolymerization at 25 °C (r1VNrPFS = 0.070) using t-butylperoxy pivalate as the inititator, at 70 °C (r1VNrPFS = 0.11) using benzyol peroxide as the initiator, and at 120 °C (r1VNrPFS = 0.28) using t-butyl peroxide as the initiator; PFS was also copolymerized with 2-vinylnaphathalene (2VN) in bulk by radical copolymerization at 70 °C (r2VNrPFS = 0.15) under similar conditions. Their reactivity ratios were determined at low monomer conversions using the nonlinear least-squares method of analysis, which demonstrated that both comonomer pairs tend to alternate, and that their alternating tendency increases with decreasing temperature, similar to the radical copolymerizations of PFS with styrene (St) in bulk. The glass transition temperatures determined by differential scanning calorimetry are elevated relative to their mole-average values, with the extent of elevation being greater for the 1VN-PFS copolymers than for the 2VN-PFS copolymers, which is greater than that for St-PFS copolymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 331–345, 2009
Ocular manifestations of small-vessel vasculitis.

Ophthalmic manifestations of vasculitis can be orbital, ocular (affecting the globe), or intraocular. Orbital inflammation manifests as sudden onset of pain, erythema, and proptosis, and can be sight-threatening. In the globe, red eye is typical in both episcleritis and scleritis. Episcleritis is usually otherwise asymptomatic with blanching upon instillation of topical phenylephrine, whereas scleritis is painful and does not blanch. Infectious and rheumatic diseases are present in nearly 50% of patients with scleritis. The symptoms of keratitis are similar to those of scleritis; superficial keratitis is benign but peripheral ulcerative keratitis can be sight-threatening. Anterior uveitis is the most frequent ocular manifestation of Behcet disease. Approximately 30% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) have ocular involvement, with orbital disease being most common. With ophthalmic manifestations of vasculitis, tissue biopsy of any site that is amenable to biopsy is recommended. Biopsy must be interpreted within the context of treatment.
Targeted molecular ultrasound therapy improves chemotherapeutic drug delivery in cancer cells

Microbubble (MB) mediated ultrasound (US) therapy has been shown to non-invasively increase drug uptake through increasing cell membrane permeability and vascular extravasation. Increasing MB-cell interaction through targeted receptors overexpressed in the tumor vasculature promises to increase effectiveness of MB-mediated US therapy. 2LMP breast cancer cells were plated on acoustically transparent tissue culture plates. Using a model system which allows receptor density modulation, molecular US therapy was analyzed for anticancer effects in vitro. Drug (paclitaxel) effectiveness in combination with traditional MB-mediated US therapy or molecular US therapy was analyzed using flow cytometry and ATPlite assays. It was shown that molecular US therapy significantly increases anticancer effects by 25% compared to traditional MB-mediated US therapy (P <; 0.001). This preclinical approach has potential to increase localized delivery through a targeted methodology, thereby potentially decreasing systemically toxicity. This study demonstrates that MBs targeted to cellular receptors are a promising addition to MB-mediated US therapy.
Impact of metformin monotherapy versus metformin with oestrogen-progesterone on lipids in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective Hyperinsulinaemia is an important determinant of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In addition to lifestyle measures, therapeutic strategies include the use of oestrogen–progesterone combination pills (EP), and insulin sensitizers such as metformin, either alone or in combination. Data are limited regarding the impact of metformin alone vs metformin with EP on cardiometabolic risk in overweight adolescents with PCOS. We hypothesized that metformin alone would lead to an improvement in HbA1C and lipid levels in overweight adolescent girls with PCOS compared with meformin with EP.
Responsiveness of the testing morbidities index in colonoscopy.

Abstract Objectives The Testing Morbidities Index (TMI) was developed to measure the effects of any diagnostic or screening procedure on health-related quality of life (HRQOL); it includes seven domains incorporating mental and physical aspects before, during, and after testing. To add to prior work on the validity of the TMI classification, responsiveness of a summated scale version was evaluated in 71 colonoscopy patients. Further data on construct validity were also obtained. Methods Patients enrolled in the study when scheduling colonoscopy days to weeks beforehand. The baseline survey included the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire with five levels in each attribute (EQ-5D-5L questionnaire) and its visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment (EQ-VAS), the Short Form 12 version 2 (SF-12v2) component summary scores and six-dimensional health state short-form (derived from the short-form 12v2 health survey [SF-6D] utilities), and an original construct-specific VAS (CS-VAS) for usual HRQOL using utility scale anchors. The TMI's highest possible summated score (all best levels) served as its baseline. Survey data were generally obtained by telephone interview. A postprocedure survey was given to patients after colonoscopy and interviews conducted as soon as possible after the day of the procedure. The postprocedure survey included the SF-12v2/SF-6D, EQ-5D questionnaire instruments, TMI items, and a CS-VAS incorporating the overall HRQOL effects of colonoscopy. Results Standardized response means showed greatest responsiveness by the TMI (−1.52) followed by the CS-VAS instruments (−0.42). The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, the EQ-VAS, and the SF-12 component summaries were unresponsive, and the SF-6D was minimally responsive (−0.05). Correlation of the post–CS-VAS with the TMI was substantial ( r = −0.52), suggesting TMI construct validity. Moderate to strong correlation of the baseline CS-VAS with standard indexes was observed ( r = 0.54–0.81). Conclusion The TMI appears responsive and exhibits further evidence of construct validity.
A non-iterative bidirectional beam propagation method

For the analysis and optimization of guided-wave optoelectronic devices, efficient modeling techniques are essential. For this purpose the Beam Propagation Method (BPM) is widely used [1]. However, BPM has certain limitations, one of which is its applicability only to forward beam propagation. As a result, the BPM cannot handle structures with multiple discontinuities with strong reflections along the direction of propagation. To eliminate this difficulty a bidirectional BPM was introduced [2]. This is essentially an iterative scheme, in which multiple reflections are kept track of until a self consistent steady state is reached. Although this approach can analyze structures with limited number of discontinuities, it is not very suitable to analyze structures with multiple discontinuities, such as gratings both due to difficulty of implementation as well as large computational effort. The most commonly used method that can naturally include the reflection from discontinuities is the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method [3].
Strongyloides ratti and Trichinella spiralis: Net charge of epicuticle

Abstract The intact epicuticles of Strongyloides ratti stage-3 larvae and Trichinella spiralis stage-1 larvae were found to have a surface net negative charge. Ultrastructural studies on S. ratti using cationized ferritin and ruthenium red showed the negative charge to be dense and uniformly distributed over the epicuticular surface. Staining with acetic acid-ferric oxide hydrosol occurred at pH 1.65 and suggests that amino acid carboxyl groups were not responsible for the negative charge property. Alcian blue staining occurrred at pH 0.5 and at a critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) of 0.9 M MgCl 2 , a property similar to that of highly sulfated mucopolysaccharides such as the proteoglycan keratan sulfate. In contrast, T. spiralis larvae failed to stain with alcian blue below pH 5.0 or at a CEC of 0.1 M , suggesting its negative charge is associated with dissociated amino acid carboxyl groups. Attempts to remove the negative charge-bearing components in the epicuticle of S. ratti by detergents, organic solvents, denaturing agents, proteases, uronidases, neuraminidases, and lipases were unsuccessful. The presence of elastin in the S. ratti larval outer cortical layer was indicated by its vulnerability to elastase and its reaction to aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue stain. These results show that the epicuticle of S. ratti is not a typical cell membrane, although it appears to have ultrastructural similarities. It is suggested that the association of highly sulfated mucopolysaccharides with the epicuticular surface of free-living nematodes such as S. ratti L 3 may reflect a greater need to protect against surface desiccation. It is also postulated that the highly negatively charged surface may have anticomplementary and anticoagulation effects.
Bacteriology of the Healthy Experimental Animal

Conclusions1) The organs of normal rats, guinea pigs and golden hamsters are sterile. Blood from vena cava, bile and urine of normal dogs and rabbits was always sterile. Most of the tissues of healthy dogs, and rabbits to a lesser degree, harbor Clostridia. The embryos of healthy dogs are sterile. 2) The great majority of the strains recovered from the tissues of dogs and rabbits show all the morphological and cultural characteristics of Cl. welckii (perfringens). Toxin production, though weak, was demonstrated.
transitioning to universal print queue and remote campus distribution of printing and copying services

Our paper demonstrates how University of Texas at San Antonio's Office of Information Technology (OIT), Student Computing Services revolutionized student printing and copying at the University of Texas at San Antonio with "Print-Spot". Students were limited to three physical locations on two campuses with a total of 15 printers to obtain their printouts. Through our Pint-Spot printing program we are able to provide students the capability to print from anywhere to anywhere including from home to campus. During this time of austere budgets and finances we are able to lower the costs of student printing on campus for the colleges, the students and OIT, as-well-as remove the burden of providing copy capability from UTSA's Auxiliary Business Services, while improving the capabilities and the management of student printing and copying campus wide.
Nosocomial Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infections

In 1971, Yabuuchi and Ohyama named and described Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a distinctive gram-negative, nonfermentative bacillus. During the past 15 years, A xylosoxidans has been infrequently reported in the literature as a nosocomial pathogen. The organism has usually been associated with aquatic surroundings and frequently colonizes aqueous fluids in the hospital environment, awaiting the opportunity to infect compromised patients. Several outbreaks have been reported to be caused by Achromobacter , and all have contaminated fluids as the epidemiologic “common denominator.” Achromobacter is an emerging pathogen that has been recognized and appreciated with increasing frequency during the past few years. It is a microorganism ideally suited to the hospital environment in that it is resistant to many disinfectants and most antibiotics. Achromobacter mimics Pseudomonas aeruginosa microbiologically and clinically, but may be differentiated from the latter on the basis of flagella arrangement and antibiotic suscep-tibilities.
A Note on Finitely A-Presented Abelian Groups

The class of mixed groups  was introduced by Glaz and Wickless. This article investigates subclasses  of  such that the functor Hom(A, −)/t Hom(A, −) between  and the category of right E(A)/tE(A)-modules is full.
On approximating the effective bandwidth of bi-stable energy harvesters

Abstract This paper aims to establish an analytical framework to define the effective bandwidth of bi-stable vibratory energy harvesters possessing a symmetric quartic potential function. To achieve this goal, the method of multiple scales is utilized to construct analytical solutions describing the amplitude and stability of the intra- and inter-well dynamics of the harvester. Using these solutions, critical bifurcations in the parameters׳ space are identified and used to define an effective frequency bandwidth of the harvester. The influence of three critical design parameters, namely the time constant ratio (ratio between the time constant of the harvesting circuit and the period of the mechanical system), the electromechanical coupling, and the shape of the potential function, on the effective frequency bandwidth is analyzed. It is shown that, while the time constant ratio has very little influence on the effective bandwidth of the harvester, increasing the electromechanical coupling and/or designing the potential function with deeper potential wells serve to shrink the effective bandwidth for a given level of excitation. In general, it is also observed that narrowing of the effective bandwidth is accompanied by an increase in the electric output further highlighting the competing nature of these two desired objectives.
Sublethal Effect of Malathion to Three Salmonid Species

Malathion is one of the most widely used insecticides in the United States since the controlled use of DDT was put into effect. Malathion is used to control a variety of insect pests on rangeland, forest lands and agricultural lands. Many of these treated areas contain streams and lakes which harbor fish populations. Malathion dose levels for insect control is given as 1/2 to 3 pounds per acre (THOMSON, 1972). These large amounts of the toxicant, if released into aquatic environments, may create detrimental effects to fish.
Writing a textbook: walking the gauntlet

Writing my first textbook was an eye-opening experience. I had to dig deep. I had ideas I was excited about and found others that were excited about them as well. I also found strong opposition to my approach, which was difficult for publishers to evaluate. My experience raised a number of questions that I have outlined below. These questions range from personnel motivation to future trends in computing. I have gathered a panel of respected authors. I have asked each to respond to some of these questions. Time will also be available for the audience to ask questions and share their own experiences.
Electron scattering by nonspherically symmetric atoms: Zero-energy limit

A modified perturbation theory, previously introduced for the construction of asymptotic states accounting for a general class of long-range angle-dependent multipole potentials is developed in further detail. The threshold behavior of these states is presented in explicit form and these results are used, with the aid of a modified effective-range formulation, to determine the threshold energy dependence of the multichannel transition matrix. Unitarity properties are established formally and verified in the low-energy limit. A variational procedure for determining the parameters appearing in the modified effective-range expansion is described. The same procedure accounts for the presence of zero-energy bound states leading to resonant behavior that alters the threshold energy dependence.
Involvement of a basolateral amygdala complex-nucleus accumbens pathway in glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory consolidation.

Systemic or intracerebral administration of glucocorticoids modulates memory consolidation in several tasks. Previously, we have shown that these memory-modulatory effects depend on an intact basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLC) and efferents from the BLC that run through the stria terminalis. It is currently unknown, however, what BLC efferent structures mediate these effects. The present experiments were designed to determine whether the nucleus accumbens (NA), which receives BLC efferents through the stria terminalis and is involved in several BLC-dependent behaviours, is involved in glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory consolidation. In experiment 1, rats with bilateral sham or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced lesions of the NA were trained on a one-trial, footshock-motivated inhibitory avoidance task, and given immediate post-training injections of either the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. Testing 48 h later revealed that dexamethasone significantly enhanced retention in sham-lesioned rats but that the enhancing effect was blocked in NA-lesioned rats. An asymmetrical, or crossed-lesion design was employed in experiment 2. Rats with a unilateral NMDA-induced lesion of the BLC and a unilateral lesion of either the ipsilateral or contralateral NA were trained as in experiment 1. Testing 48 h later revealed that dexamethasone enhanced retention in ipsilaterally lesioned rats, but that this effect was blocked in contralaterally lesioned rats. These findings indicate that an intact BLC-NA pathway is critical for the enhancing effects of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation, and are consistent with the view that the BLC regulates memory consolidation in other brain regions.
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease) with CNS involvement in a child

We describe the case of a 9-year-old boy with encephalitis associated with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. The child presented with unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and fever that evolved to encephalitis in 3 weeks. Brain MRI showed bilateral temporal lobe hyperintense signal on T2 and FLAIR, hyperintense FLAIR signal in the periaqueductal gray matter, medial walls of the third ventricle, and mammillary bodies, multiple diffusion restriction foci in a central perivascular distribution and central perivascular enhancement. The perivascular distribution and nodularity of the diffusion restriction seen in this case has not been previously reported in HNL encephalitis.
A Two–Satellite Microwave Occulation System for Determining Pressure Altitude References

A two-satellite microwave occultation system is described that will fix as an absolute function of altitude the pressure-temperature profile generated by a passive infrared sounder. This method would be successful in determining the altitude of the 300-mb pressure level to within 24 m rms, assuming the temperature errors produced by the IR sensor are not greater than 2K rms. Error caused by water vapor in the radio path can be corrected by climatological adjustments (by use of mean water vapor profiles) if accurate water vapor sensors are not available.
AN EXTENDED BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF IRREGULAR FREQUENCY EFFECTS

Numerical techniques for the analysis of wave–body interactions are developed by the combined use of two boundary integral equation formulations. The velocity potential, which is expressed in a perturbation expansion, is obtained directly from the application of Green's theorem (the ‘potential formulation’), while the fluid velocity is obtained from the gradient of the alternative form where the potential is represented by a source distribution (the ‘source formulation’). In both formulations, the integral equations are modified to remove the effect of the irregular frequencies. It is well known from earlier works that if the normal velocity is prescribed on the interior free surface, inside the body, an extended boundary integral equation can be derived which is free of the irregular frequency effects. It is shown here that the value of the normal velocity on the interior free surface must be continuous with that outside the body, to avoid a logarithmic singularity in the source strength at the waterline. Thus the analysis must be carried out sequentially in order to evaluate the fluid velocity correctly: first for the velocity potential and then for the source strength. Computations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the extended boundary integral euations in the potential and source formulations. Results are shown which include the added-mass and damping coefficients and the first-order wave-exciting forces for simple three-dimensional bodies and the second-order forces on a tension-leg-platform. The latter example illustrates the importance of removing irregular frequency effects in the context of second-order wave loads.
In vitro production of a phytotoxic metabolite byColletotrichum gloeosporiodes f. sp.Aeschynomene

Summary Filtrates from cultures of the highly specific fungal plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc f. sp. aeschynomene , were selectively toxic to certain monocot and dicot nonhost plant species. The dicots were more sensitive than the monocots tested. The effects of the culture filtrates on the host, northern jointvetch ( Aeschynomene virginica L. B.S.P.), were masked by the high sensitivity of northern jointvetch to dilute unmetabolized culture medium. However, northern jointvetch was more tolerant to acetone precipitates of the culture filtrates than were the other species tested. Cuttings of sensitive species placed in culture filtrates rapidly developed epinasty, wilted, dried at the leaf margins, and eventually collapsed. Phytotoxicity was detected by bioassays in filtrates from 5-day-old cultures and reached a maximum in culture 2–3 weeks old. The phytotoxicity of the filtrates was retained after heat treatment and acetone precipitation.
Wear mechanisms and tool performance of TiAlN PVD coated inserts during machining of AISI 4140 steel

Abstract The tribological influences of PVD-applied TiAlN coatings on the wear of cemented carbide inserts and the microstructure wear behaviors of the coated tools under dry and wet machining are investigated. The turning test was conducted with variable high cutting speeds ranging from 210 to 410 m/min. The analyses based on the experimental results lead to strong evidences that conventional coolant has a retarded effect on TiAlN coatings under high-speed machining. Micro-wear mechanisms identified in the tests through SEM micrographs include edge chipping, micro-abrasion, micro-fatigue, micro-thermal, and micro-attrition. These micro-structural variations of coatings provide structure-physical alterations as the measures for wear alert of TiAlN coated tool inserts under high speed machining of steels.
Experience with a high-brightness storage ring: The NSLS 750 MeV VUV ring

Abstract The NSLS VUV ring has achieved its design emittances at currents up to 400 mA in one bunch and 385 mA in three bunches. The maximum ring current is thought to be limited by Touschek lifetime with one bunch stored, and by a vertical coupled-bunch instability with three bunches stored. Ion trapping causes vertical tune spread and little else at 750 MeV, but seems to pose more serious problems at 250 MeV.
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Effective Time Management, 2nd ed. Christopher S. Frings. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 2004, 112 pp., $25.00 ($20.00 AACC members), softcover. ISBN 1-5942-003-0.

This book provides a logical, commonsense roadmap for time management. It is effective in that it is short, can be read in a couple of hours, is easy to read, and is easy to use as a reference. Frings makes his point easy to understand and provides sample documents to follow so that the book becomes a workbook. The basis of the book is that “all time has value”, and it provides a straightforward approach to maximizing that value. The critical central step in the process is to define your …
Effects of a phorbol ester on mouse eggs: dissociation of sperm receptor activity from acrosome reaction-inducing activity of the mouse zona pellucida protein, ZP3.

Biologically active phorbol esters or a diacylglycerol induce mouse eggs to modify the zona pellucida such that sperm receptor activity is retained but the ability of bound sperm to undergo a complete acrosome reaction is lost (Y. Endo, R.M. Schultz, and G.S. Kopf. 1987. Dev. Biol. 119, 199-209). We now show that purified ZP3 from 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated eggs possesses full sperm receptor activity but has lost its ability to induce a complete acrosome reaction. The modification of the acrosome reaction-inducing activity of ZP3 from these TPA-treated eggs differs from ZP3 isolated from two-cell embryos, which cannot initiate the acrosome reaction. These results demonstrate the dissociation of the two biological activities of ZP3 and may provide a system to assess the components of ZP3 involved in the acrosome reaction.
Time-varying higher-order conditional moments and forecasting intraday VaR and Expected Shortfall

Abstract We estimate several GARCH- and Extreme Value Theory (EVT)-based models to forecast intraday Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) for S&P 500 stock index futures returns for both long and short positions. Among the GARCH-based models we consider is the so-called Autoregressive Conditional Density (ARCD) model, which allows time-variation in higher-order conditional moments. ARCD model with time-varying conditional skewness parameter has the best in-sample fit among the GARCH-based models. The EVT-based model and the GARCH-based models which take conditional skewness and kurtosis (time-varying or otherwise) into account provide accurate VaR forecasts. ARCD model with time-varying conditional skewness parameter seems to provide the most accurate ES forecasts.
Transtracheal drainage of lung abscesses in children

Abstract Experience with three patients with primary ling abscesses indicates that transtracheal catheter drainage of lung abscesses is a safe and beneficial procedure in childhood. The ability to drain abscesses not easily reached percutaneously will promote emptying and collapse of the abscess and provide bacteriological information which will enable the physician to select the correct antibiotics.
Initial Training of Field Instructors in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Programs

Currently, the training and education of outdoor leaders has mostly been directed towards instructing technical, educational and relationship skills (Priest & Gass, 2005). This approach often omits critical skills necessary to deal with the job demand stressors that come from working in outdoor education settings, including outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH) programs that work with challenging youth. Some job demands stressors typically found in OBH programs include: a) psychological and emotional issues of clients, b) demanding work schedule, c) remote work areas and d) certain intervention strategies utilized to successfully help youth overcome their personal issues. (Marchand, Russell & Cross, 2009). Previous research has found that working in OBH requires support at various levels to sustain and help develop the individuals working in this unique area of outdoor education and human services. By assuring that programs provide employees with the specific tools necessary to deal with the unique job demand stressors, they will be better able to fulfill their mission and goals of providing quality outdoor educational and therapeutic services to clients. Improvements should also be made to understand the ideal length and content of these initial trainings (Davis-Berman & Berman, 1994; Russell, Gillis & Lewis, 2008). In the context of a larger study (Marchand, 2009), the initial training of field instructors in OBH was examined for prevalence, length, satisfaction and content. This focus was meant to increase the understanding of this overlooked aspect of OBH, review potential information that may give insight into the management of job demand stressors, and provide information for future studies on the subject.
Faraday spectroscopy of atoms confined in a dark optical trap

We demonstrate Faraday spectroscopy with a high duty cycle and sampling rate using atoms confined to a blue-detuned optical trap. Our trap consists of a crossed pair of high-charge-number hollow laser beams, which forms a dark, boxlike potential. We have used this to measure transient magnetic fields in a $500\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$-diameter spot over a 400 ms time window with nearly unit duty cycle at a 500-Hz sampling rate. We use these measurements to quantify and compensate time-varying magnetic fields to $\ensuremath{\approx}10\text{ }$ nT per time sample.
Optical and electro-optical characterization of the electroclinic effect in smectic A liquid crystals

Recent interest in chiral smectic A liquid crystals is driven in part by their potential for development as fast, analog electro-optic devices. Chiral smectic A liquid crystals exhibit electroclinic behavior, characterized by continuously variable, electrically controllable molecular tilt. Consequently, these materials are suitable for applications where gray-scale capabilities are required. Moreover, new electroclinic liquid crystals have been synthesized which exhibit large tilt angles which may permit fabrication of devices with very good contrast ratios. However, when viewed between crossed polarizers, electroclinic liquid crystals have often been found to exhibit a stripe texture due to a field-dependent deformation of the bookshelf geometry. The degree of deformation appears to increase with the tilt angle and the stripes become more pronounced. X-ray measurements support the picture of a triangular wave deformation of the layers. These observations indicate that the observed stripe deformations may significantly limit the performance, particularly the achievable contrast ratio, that devices made from these materials might attain. In this paper, the optical and electro-optical properties of electroclinic liquid crystals are investigated to gain insight into the structure of stripe domains and to relate these findings to the potential performance of electroclinic liquid crystal devices.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aspiring parents' and teachers' academic beliefs about young children

This study is an attempt to determine whether (a) the gender of a young child would elicit differential academic beliefs from individuals who aspire to become parents and teachers; and (b) male and female individuals who aspire to become parents and teachers have differential academic beliefs about young children. Data from 108 university students who intended to become parents and teachers showed that the gender of a young child elicited differential academic beliefs, and that male and female aspiring parents and teachers tended to have different academic beliefs about young children. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between stereotyped socialization practices and differential achievement between the two genders. Implications of the findings for education are noted.
Hyperfine Interactions in Molecular Iodine

The hyperfine structure of eleven optical transitions in the molecules ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}^{127}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}^{129}$ was resolved by the technique of laser-saturated absorption. All the absorption lines correspond to transitions between the $^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}(X)$ and the $^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{0u}^{+}(B)$ electronic states, but the rotational and vibrational quantum numbers varied widely. Two distinct types of hyperfine interaction were observed: (i) a nuclear electric quadrupole coupling which changed little among the lines investigated, and (ii) a magnetic spin-rotation interaction which varied strongly with the vibrational energy in the electronically excited state. The origin of the latter effect is discussed.
Hymenolepis diminuta: effects of amoscanate on energy metabolism and ultrastructure.

Abstract Amoscanate possesses chemotherapeutic activity against schistosomes, and in higher doses against many other helminths including filariids and Hymenolepis diminuta . The primary mode of action of this compound is unknown. Effects of the drug on the carbohydrate metabolism as well as on the tegumental and nephridial epithelia of H. diminuta were examined. At various time intervals after administration of the drug to rats infected with H. diminuta , the parasites were recovered and incubated in glucose-salts medium for 90 min. Chemotherapy resulted in decreases in succinate, lactate, and acetate recoveries, while ATP levels dropped. In addition, glycogen levels were depressed in drug-treated worms which were homogenized immediately upon isolation. Glycogen synthase I activity was inhibited 16–61% in cestodes obtained from Amoscanate-treated animals and homogenized immediately, but returned to normal levels after incubation for 90 min in glucose-salts medium prior to homogenization and assay. Phosphorylase a activity was found to be 25–30% higher in preparations of worms from drug-treated rats, which correlates with the rapid depletion of glycogen in parasites exposed to the drug. However, in contrast with glycogen synthase activity, the elevation of phosphorylase a activity in H. diminuta exposed to the drug was not readily reversible. Attempts to demonstrate activity of the drug in vitro by incubating intact cestodes directly with Amoscanate were unsuccessful. Thin sections of parasites obtained from Amoscanate-treated rats and examined by transmission electron microscopy revealed surface alterations of the tegument and nephridial canals. Alterations included bleb formation and erosion of microtriches from the tegument, as well as disappearance of microvilli from nephridial canals. However, these effects became manifest only after 4 or more hr exposure of the rat to the drug. Biochemical effects, on the other hand, were significant after 3 hr exposure.
Physical properties of aged polycarbonate as a function of the cooling rate

Etude du role du volume libre et des contraintes residuelles dans la fragilisation de polycarbonate vieilli a 120 o C pendant 232 h sous vide. L'augmentation de la vitesse de refroidissement entraine une augmentation de la Tg et une augmentation de la tenacite mais n'a pas d'effet sur la densite et la limite d'elasticite
Role of Gradient and Multiscale Interface Morphology in Three-Dimensional Reinforcements in Composites (Preprint)

Abstract : The interface morphology tailoring between the constituent phases in composites (e.g., fiber-matrix, inter-lamina, inter-yarn, nano-constituents-matrix, etc.) is essential in optimizing composite properties. In the case of composite strength, the mismatch of properties between the phases causes stress concentration at the interfaces, which in turn causes the initiation of damage and failure. A way of minimizing the mismatch of properties at the interface is demonstrated to reduce the interface stress concentration and hence delay the damage initiation process together with improving composite strength. Further, controlling the interface impedance mismatch is also important in controlling scattering of thermal energy at the interface to tailor thermal conductivity of composites, especially in the thickness direction. A gradient interface material morphology is thus desirable to enhance strength as well as other properties (e.g., thermal) of composites. Incorporation of nano constituents in composites now potentially enable us to implement the gradient interface morphology at multiple scale level, from nano meter (nano constituent interface) to laminate ply interlayer (micro meter scale). In this study, the effect of implementing the gradient interface at different scale level is reviewed to assess its potential in enhancing composite strength and thermal properties.
A Panel Session on: Curriculum development: Transmission expansion planning for systems with renewable energy resources

The motivation for this panel session is the rapid increase in the utilization of renewable resources in power systems. These renewable resources require concomitant transmission to bring energy from the sources to the points of utilization. There has been a considerable effort to add to power engineering mechanisms to incorporate renewable generation, but these efforts have not included transmission engineering issues. Traditional power engineering programs, both graduate and undergraduate, often omit a detailed discussion of transmission expansion methods. The motivation for this panel is the need for curricula to include transmission expansion engineering, especially in the case of increased penetration of renewable resources.
Biomimetic hydroxyapatite powder from a bacterial cellulose scaffold

In a persistent search to find affordable biomaterial sources, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CdHA) precipitated onto bacterial cellulose (BC) composites are excellent candidates. CdHA is resorbable in vivo and biomimetic to HA found in native bone due to its calcium deficiency. The shape of the starting BC scaffold limits BC/CdHA composite applications. In order to make greater use of these composites, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility in generating a CdHA powder from the original composite. The CdHA powder could be utilized at bone injury sites as stand-alone bone filler or as filler in an injectable system. This study selected thermal and enzymatic methods to investigate the effectiveness of BC removal from the original composite matrix. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the nanoscale hydroxyapatite rosettes. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to determine the calcium deficiency of hydroxyapatite. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to detect the presence of cellulose in the composites by mass. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to obtain chemical information of the degraded materials. Each degradation method successfully produced calcium deficient hydroxyapatite powders.
The role of pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical cystectomy for lymph node positive bladder cancer. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

Background. The impact of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) on the survival of patients with lymph node positive bladder cancer is controversial. Methods. The authors retrospectively analyzed the long term and disease free survival among 140 patients with lymph node positive disease having radical cystectomy and bilateral PLND at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1980 and 1988. They also sought to identify prognostic variables for recurrence and survival. Results. Of the 140 patients, 36 (25.7%) were found to be tumor free, with 22 (15.7%) followed longer than 5 years. Regression analysis identified P-category as the only prognostic parameter influencing survival. Patients with tumors confined to the bladder (≤P3a) had a 52.6% 5-year survival rate compared with 23.4% among those with extravesical (≤P3b) tumors. N-category was a significant predictor for recurrence but not survival. Conclusions. As judged from this analysis, radical cystectomy and a systematic PLND alone can provide favorable outcome in some patients with regional nodal metastases from bladder cancer. The survival advantage is most pronounced in patients with low stage primary tumors. Stage migration and patient selection may have biased these findings. Cancer 1994; 73:3020–8.
Differential labeling of the vestibular complex following unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase into the cat and rat locus coeruleus

Following unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase into the cat and rat locus coeruleus (LC), bilateral retrograde labeling was evident in all 4 vestibular nuclei. In both species, the major contributions of LC afferents arose from the ipsilateral rather than the contralateral vestibular nuclei. Quantitative analysis in the rat has indicated that approximately 90% of the total vestibular-LC projections originated from the ipsilateral vestibular nuclear complex, with 10% from the contralateral. The frequency distribution was in the order of lateral greater than medial greater than superior greater than inferior vestibular nuclei.
Hallucinations in psychotic children.

Abstract Psychotic inpatient children from 6 to 15 years of age ( N -331) were studied for the incidence, type, and content of hallucinations and age, sex, and reality relationships. The data were computerized and analyzed. Forty-eight percent of the total sample had hallucinations, with auditory type being the most frequent followed by mixed auditory and visual types. Younger children had a higher incidence than older children and there was no sexual difference at any age level. The statistical analysis of the data, content of the hallucinations, and psychodynamic significance are described.
Solvent-shift Monte Carlo: a cluster algorithm for solvated systems

We present a cluster algorithm for the efficient simulation of solvated systems that we term solvent-shift Monte Carlo (SSMC). The algorithm involves a conformational change in a solvated solute molecule of interest, followed by a concerted movement of solvent particles about a rotation axis. The method satisfies detailed balance and can be applied to existing schemes to sample conformational space, where an axis or plane of rotation can be defined. We demonstrate that the algorithm significantly enhances the sampling of phase space in solvated systems, and may be easily combined with other advanced sampling techniques.
Oxygen consumption of preweanling and weanling mice

Abstract Absolute oxygen consumption of preweanling and weanling Swiss Webster mice up to 39 days of age reveals a profound depression at the age ten days to about 2.25 ml/gram/hour. Following this trough, a gradual rise occurs to about 5.4 ml/gram/hour on the 25th day which is followed by a gradual fall to about 4.4 ml/gram/hour at 39 days
Theranostic nanocells for simultaneous imaging and photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer

Nanotechnology has the potential to deliver multiple imaging and therapeutic agents to the "right place at the right time". This could dramatically improve treatment responses in cancer which have been so far, dismal as well as allow us to monitor this response online. Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of only 5% and there is a desperate need for effective treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promising results in treating PanCa. Mechanism-based combinations with PDT have enhanced treatment outcome. Agents tested with PDT include Avastin, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is approved for treating various cancers. Here, we investigate the effect of neutralizing intracellular VEGF using nanotechnology for the delivery of Avastin in combination with PDT. For this we used a construct called "nanocells" in which the photosensitizer was trapped inside polymer nanoparticles and these, with Avastin, were then encapsulated inside liposomes. Simultaneous delivery of drugs in nano-constructs could improve the treatment response of mechanism based combination therapies against cancer. Our studies demonstrate significant enhancement in treatment outcomes when nanocell-based PDT is combined with Avastin in orthotopic PanCa mouse models. We propose a new paradigm for Avastin-based therapy by combining intracellular delivery of the antibody and PDT using nanotechnology for treating PanCa.
Estimating heading during eye movements

In eight experiments, we examined the ability to judge heading during tracking eye movements. To assess the use of retinal-image and extra-retinal information in this task, we compared heading judgments with executed as opposed to simulated eye movements. In general, judgments were much more accurate during executed eye movements. Observers in the simulated eye movement condition misperceived their self-motion as curvilinear translation rather than the linear translation plus eye rotation that was simulated. There were some experimental conditions in which observers could judge heading reasonably accurately during simulated eye movements; these included conditions in which eye movement velocities were 1 deg/sec or less and conditions which made available a horizon cue that exists for locomotion parallel to a ground plane with a visible horizon. Overall, our results imply that extra-retinal, eye-velocity signals are used in determining heading under many, perhaps most, viewing conditions.
A wide input bandwidth 7-bit 300-MSample/s folding and current-mode interpolating ADC

A 7-bit Nyquist folding and interpolating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts at 300 MSamples/s is presented. Using current-mode signal processing techniques for analog preprocessing and a front-end sample-and-hold, the proposed 7-bit folding and interpolating ADC yields a wide input bandwidth up to 60 MHz with six effective number of bits. The ADC consumes 200 mW from a 3.3-V power supply. The chip occupies 1.2 mm/sup 2/ active area, fabricated in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS.
Affinity and mobility of polyclonal anti-dansyl antibodies sequestered within sol-gel-derived biogels

We report on the equilibrium binding affinity and rotational reorientation dynamics of intact polyclonal anti-dansyl antibodies (anti-DAN) sequestered within sol−gel-derived biogels. Our results show that the nanosecond rotational motions that are intrinsic to immunoglobulin G antibodies when they are dissolved in aqueous buffer are arrested in an aged biogel. However, even though the anti-DAN rotational mobility is not detectable in a biogel, the equilibrium binding constant (Kb) that describes the anti-DAN association with its target hapten (dansyl, DAN) in a biogel is only 5-fold less than the value for anti-DAN dissolved in aqueous buffer (4.09 ± 0.10 × 108 M-1 vs 9.04 ± 0.32 × 107 M-1). Long-term storage experiments on the anti-DAN-doped biogels stored at room temperature show that Kb remains constant for at least 8 months.
A model‐informed rank test for right‐censored data with intermediate states

The generalized Wilcoxon and log-rank tests are commonly used for testing differences between two survival distributions. We modify the Wilcoxon test to account for auxiliary information on intermediate disease states that subjects may pass through before failure. For a disease with multiple states where patients are monitored periodically but exact transition times are unknown (e.g. staging in cancer), we first fit a multi-state Markov model to the full data set; when censoring precludes the comparison of survival times between two subjects, we use the model to estimate the probability that one subject will have survived longer than the other given their censoring times and last observed status, and use these probabilities to compute an expected rank for each subject. These expected ranks form the basis of our test statistic. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed test can improve power over the log-rank and generalized Wilcoxon tests in some settings, while maintaining the nominal type 1 error rate. The method is illustrated on an ALS data set.