cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applying Mathematics Without a License

(1977). Applying Mathematics Without a License. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 648-650.
An Analysis of the Cost‐Effectiveness of Educational Radio in Nepal

This study attempted to analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Radio Education Teacher Training Project in Nepal. Cost-effectiveness is denned as a procedure by which the cost of alternative means of achieving a stated objective, or conversely, the effectiveness of alternative means for a given cost, are compared in a series of numerical indices. Comparison of the costs of the Radio Education Teacher Training Project and the Campus-Based Teacher Training Programme showed the latter to be much higher.
Optimizing Viral Protein Yield of Influenza Virus Strain A/Vietnam/1203/2004 by Modification of the Neuraminidase Gene

The preparation of high-yield prepandemic influenza virus H5N1 strains has presented a challenge to both researchers and vaccine manufacturers. The reasons for the relatively low yield of the H5N1 strains are not fully understood, but it might be partially dependent on the interactions between the hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoprotein and other influenza virus proteins. In this study, we have constructed chimeras between the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) NA gene and the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN1203) NA gene that have resulted in an increase in the virus yield of the reassortant viruses without a significant loss of NA activity. By combining the amino terminus of NA from the PR8 strain with the carboxy terminus of NA from VN1203, the surface epitopes unique to the H5N1 VN1203 NA glycoprotein are maintained. This reassortant virus had a higher titer and total protein yield in eggs, grew to a higher titer, produced large plaques on MDCK cells, and retained NA activity. This work describes a novel recombinant technique designed to increase the yields of vaccine candidates for the production of pandemic influenza virus vaccines. The relationship between the infectivity and protein yield of the reassortants also is discussed.
The zero set of the order parameter in two dimensions

We survey the possible zero sets of the order parameter wavefunction in two-dimensional domains. Certain structures are feasible, including the well-known Abrikosov lattice, the giant vortex and the line cut (in multiply connected domains). Other proposed structures such as the vortex ring and the noninteger vortex point are shown to be impossible.
The San Angelo, Texas, Supercell of 31 May 1995: Visual Observations and Tornadogenesis

Abstract Airborne radar analysis combined with cloud photogrammetry of a supercell that formed on 31 May 1995 near San Angelo, Texas, is presented. The superposition of the Doppler wind syntheses with the cloud pictures provides a unique view of the relationship between the low-level mesocyclone and the developing lowered cloud base. The mesocyclone accompanying the storm went through two periods of intensification. The end of the first period of intensification did not lead to the formation of a tornado. An occlusion downdraft formed but was primarily driven by negative buoyancy rather than a downward-directed perturbation pressure gradient. Recent studies have suggested that cold downdrafts inhibit the formation of tornadoes. The present study supports this hypothesis and provides the first quantitative view of the vertical structure of this downdraft. The mesocyclone evolved through a second period of intensification that produced a weak tornado that was visually apparent from the aircraft. No occlusio...
The electric and magnetic fields research and public information dissemination (EMF-RAPID) program.

Abstract Moulder, J. E. The Electric and Magnetic Fields Research and Public Information Dissemination (EMF-RAPID) Program. In the United States, public concern that exposure to power-line fields was linked to cancer led to the establishment of a Congressionally mandated program, the Electric and Magnetic Fields Research and Public Information Dissemination (EMF-RAPID) Program. A major goal of the program was to “determine whether or not exposures to electric and magnetic fields produced by the generation, transmission, and use of electrical energy affect human health”. Between 1994 and 1998, the EMF-RAPID program spent approximately $41 million on biological research. Much of the work funded by the EMF-RAPID program has not yet been published in the peer-reviewed literature. The U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) asked that Radiation Research publish this special issue in an attempt to remedy this publication gap. The issue includes reviews of studies that were done to asses...
Inverse meson mass ordering in color flavor locking phase of high density QCD

We derive the effective Lagrangian for the low-energy massive meson excitations of the color-flavor-locking (CFL) phase of QCD with three flavors of light quarks. We compute the decay constants, the maximum velocities, and the masses of the mesons at large baryon chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}. The decay constants are linear in \ensuremath{\mu}. The meson maximum velocities are close to that of sound. The meson masses in the CFL phase are significantly smaller than in the normal QCD vacuum and depend only on bare quark masses. The order of the meson masses is, to some extent, reversed compared to that in the QCD vacuum. In particular, the lightest particle is ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\eta}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$.
DTI of tuber and perituberal tissue can predict epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Objective: To evaluate whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can predict epileptogenic tubers by measuring apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity in both tubers and perituberal tissue in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) undergoing epilepsy surgery. Methods: We retrospectively selected 23 consecutive patients (aged 0.4–19.6 years, mean age of 5.2; 13 female, 10 male) who underwent presurgical DTI and subsequent surgical resection between 2004 and 2013 from the University of California–Los Angeles TSC Clinic. We evaluated presurgical examinations including video-EEG, brain MRI, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose–PET, magnetic source imaging, and intraoperative electrocorticography for determining epileptogenic tubers. A total of 545 tubers, 33 epileptogenic and 512 nonepileptogenic, were identified. Two observers generated the regions of interest (ROIs) of tubers (ROI tuber ), the 4-mm-thick ring-shaped ROIs surrounding the tubers (ROI perituber ), and the combined ROIs (ROI tuber+perituber ) in consensus and calculated maximum, minimum, mean, and median values of each DTI measure in each ROI for all tubers. Results: The Mann–Whitney U test demonstrated that the epileptogenic group showed higher maximum ADC and radial diffusivity values in all ROIs, and that maximum ADC in ROI tuber+perituber showed the strongest difference ( p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that maximum ADC measurements in ROI tuber+perituber (area under curve = 0.68 ± 0.05, p 2 /ms. Conclusions: DTI analysis of tubers and perituberal tissue may help to identify epileptogenic tubers in presurgical patients with TSC more easily and effectively than current invasive methods.
Distribution of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Mississippi

An extensive monitoring and survey program in Mississippi was conducted from 2000 to 2004 to investigate the distribution of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Seventy-two towns from 22 counties in southern Mississippi were monitored with a total of 3914 traps that catch alates during the swarming season. In addition, 259 licensed pest management professionals in Mississippi were surveyed to determine the locations of termite infestations treated. The alates of C. formosanus were recovered in 12 counties with light traps, and termite infestations were documented in an additional 13 from data collected in the termite survey. Infestations of C. formosanus have been documented in urban, urban cluster, rural, and forested areas of Mississippi. However, the distribution in mean total capture of alates for 4 yr differed significantly among the four ecological areas with the highest percentage in forested areas (31%) and the lowest percentage in urban cluster areas (17%). Most of the infestations of C. formosanus were geographically distributed along the coastal areas of southern Mississippi from Gulfport to Pascagoula. The greatest total number of alates captured in light traps was documented in Pearl River County. Mass swarming of C. formosanus occurred primarily in May or June, depending on weather conditions. The number of documented counties with the evidence of large and widely dispersed swarms of C. formosanus in different ecological areas, and the increase in total annual alate captures from 2000 to 2003, suggest that this invasive termite species is now firmly established in Mississippi.
Towards a Praxis Less Traditional: Never a Straight Line

Examining formidable challenges to Farmer's (2005) call for "authentic [administrative] hesitation" before the suffering of others, this paper explores how the path to the praxis Farmer advocates cannot lead us in a straight line, but ultimately must detour towards points that public administration has failed to confront. Divided into three sections, the paper is built as an allegory on the oblique trek it is argued here that public administration must take if we are genuinely concerned with discovering the post-traditional administrative virtues that many hope for.
Consumption of Toxic Fescue Impairs Bull Reproductive Parameters

Consumption of toxic endophytic tall fescue grass is associated with reduced fertility rates in livestock. In this study, Angus bulls were fed a control diet (n = 3) or toxic fescue diet (n = 3) for 60 d. Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation twice weekly and evaluated for spermatozoal motility, morphology, and concentration. Scrotal temperatures, scrotal circumferences, and rectal temperatures were measured prior to each collection. Significant differences were observed for scrotal temperatures (P<0.001), scrotal circumference (P<0.01), and spermatozoa concentration (P<0.05). Scrotal temperatures were greater, scrotal circumferences were smaller, and spermatozoal concentrations were greater in the collections from bulls fed the fescue diet. Neither sperm motility nor morphology were affected by dietary treatment; however, there appeared to be a detrimental effect associated with treatment diet by day on motility during the last 2 wk of the trial (P=0.08). These results indicate that bulls fed toxic endophyte-infected (EI) fescue may experience impaired reproductive capabilities.
The First Humboldtian Research Trip into the Polis: J.L. Tellkampf in the United States 1838-1847

This is one of two articles on J.L. Tellkampf, a legal scholar who already in 1841 in an important series of articles in the America Jurist pointed the way to a modern American legal system as one where codifying and systematizing would lead common law.Supported by Justice Joseph Story, poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and famous naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, he was a professor at Columbia College and at Union College. His research into prison discipline paralleled that of Alexis de Tocqueville. He was a founder of what is now the Correctional Association of New York. Francis Lieber found him a rival. In New York Tellkampf worked with “Young Americans” such as the codifiers of the New York Revised Statutes and David Dudley Field. He knew the poet Poe and other lead Young Americans. He supported reform and criticized past practice.Before coming to the U.S. in 1838, Tellkampf was a young supporter of modern constitutionalism in Germany and a colleague of the Brothers Grimm at the University of Gottingen. Upon his return to Germany he was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848 and of its all important constitutional committee and an advocate of American practices.The article “J.L. Tellkampf: German Legal Scientist in the U.S. 1838-1847 in an Age of Reform” is about Tellkampf’s life in the United States and the mixed reception he received here in his pursuit of legal scholarship. The article “The First Humboldtian Research Trip into the Polis: J.L. Tellkampf in the United States 1838-1847”: is about his research into legal methods, codification, currency backing and prison discipline.
Efficient computation of discounted asymmetric information zero-sum stochastic games

In asymmetric information zero-sum games, one player has superior information about the game over the other. Asymmetric information games are particularly relevant for security problems, e.g., where an attacker knows its own skill set or alternatively a system administrator knows the state of its resources. In such settings, the informed player is faced with the tradeoff of exploiting its superior information at the cost of revealing its superior information. This tradeoff is typically addressed through randomization, in an effort to keep the uninformed player informationally off balance. A lingering issue is the explicit computation of such strategies. This paper, building on prior work for repeated games, presents an LP formulation to compute suboptimal strategies for the informed player in discounted asymmetric information stochastic games in which state transitions are not affected by the uninformed player. Furthermore, the paper presents bounds between the security level guaranteed by the sub-optimal strategy and the optimal value. The results are illustrated on a stochastic intrusion detection problem.
Realignment in International Treaty Organizations

This study develops a deductive model explaining the tendency of members of international treaty organizations such as NATO, the Arab League, and the Warsaw Pact to either (a) reinforce the member's apparent commitment to the organization, or (b) undermine the member's standing in the organization when making new foreign commitments. After constructing the model by applying concepts from social choice theory, measures are developed to test the model with the 36 identified cases of such realignment that have occurred since World War II. The model is shown to have strong explanatory capabilities, correctly predicting the direction of realignment taken by a state in all 36 cases.
OBSERVATIONS ON THAMNIDIACEAE (MUCORALES). V. THAMNIDIUM

The genus Thamnidium is restricted to a single taxon T. elegans that produces deliquescent-walled sporangia at the apex of a primary sporophore or its branches along with persistent-walled sporangiola on lateral dichotomous branchlets. In some instances only sporangia or sporangiola may be formed on a given sporophore. The dichotomous branchlets may arise singly, in pairs, or in verticels of three or more. The species is illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Thamnidium verticellatum is regarded as a synonym of T. elegans. An extensive list of synonyms is supplied.
"Technology's Impact on How, When, Where, and How Well We Work: Who's In Control?"

The vast literature exploring employee outcomes associated with the use of information and communication technologies if often paradoxical. One the one hand, technology-driven work is linked with p...
Field observations and inoculation experiments to determine the nature of the carpophoroids associated with Entoloma abortivum and Armillaria

Carpophoroids traditionally attributed to Entoloma abortivum (“Aborted Entolomas”) represent malformed Armillaria fruiting bodies permeated by E. abortivum hyphae, as shown by our field observation...
A Consideration of French's Test of Basic Fuchsin for Endo's Medium

In describing a method of testing for the return of color in decolorized fuchsin for use in Endo Medium, French states that variations in hydrogen ion concentration fail to influence the appearance of color in this medium.Duplications of this test were made using alcoholic and aqueous solutions of fuchsin and both sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite as decolorizing agents.In the decolorized alcoholic solutions of fuchsin the color failed to reappear when formalin was added, but a small amount of a weak solution of lactic acid caused the color to return.Alcoholic solutions of fuchsin failed to decolorize in sodium bisulfite solutions until a few drops of NaOH were added. The color, then, reappeared immediately.Solutions of peptones to which fuchsin had been added were substituted for the original fuchsin solution. Alcoholic and aqueous solutions of fuchsin were added to equal amounts of a 1% peptone solution. The peptone solutions varied in their hydrogen ion concentration and the results showed that those...
The Gee's Bend Effect

AbstractIn this article, Cooks examines quilts is echoed in the work of other contemporary artists. She analyzes how references to the how the aesthetic of Gee's Bend quilts lend Black credibility to the art that has the potential to critically comment on the history of race, poverty, and social injustice in America.
Daytime activity investigation of Aedes in Baoji

Objective To understand activity patterns of common species Aedes during the day in Baoji city.Methods Using mosquito net trapping method,net waving method and light trapping method. Results 7 species of Aedes,Aedes albopictus,Aedes chemulpoensis,Aedes dorsalis,Aedes elsiae,Aedes hatorii,Aedes koreicus and Aedes vexans were captured. Ae. albopictus in Baoji city was active between 14: 00 and 18: 00,and reached a peak at 16: 00. Ae.koreicus was similar to Aedes albopictus. The density of Aedes hatorii was low,but activity during the day reached a relative peak at 8: 00. Conclusion Activity patterns of common species of Aedes in Baoji city during the day is grasped,thus a scientific basis for further research and prevention is provided.
So what is a sham peer review

One of the first notable sham peer reviews took place in Oregon in the early 1980s. The physician who took it up with the courts was Dr. Patrick, and the Supreme Court ruled in his favor. As a result of the publicity surrounding this case, the Healthcare Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA) was enacted in 1986. One of the concerns that arose from the Patrick case was a fear that no physician would want to participate in peer review if he or she could be potentially liable for a bad report. The HCQIA gave immunity to hospitals and reviewers participating in peer review.
Thermal Regulation of Colloidal Materials Architecture through Orthogonal Functionalizable Patchy Particles

This contribution presents a sol–gel based cluster encapsulation methodology to produce bifunctional patchy particles. The particles possess azide moieties on the surfaces of the patch and carboxylic acids on the shell. Two types of DNA with distinct terminal sequences are site-specifically conjugated to the particle patches or the shell employing two orthogonal coupling strategies: strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition and carbodiimide-mediated amidation. We can activate and deactivate assembly on the patches and/or the shell through thermal control, demonstrating reversible and stepwise self-assembly.
Atrazine: An Environmental Endocrine Disruptor That Alters Mammary Gland Development and Tumor Susceptibility

Atrazine, a widely used chlorotriazine herbicide, has been regulated and reviewed because of its ability to alter endocrine signaling and cause mammary tumors in female Sprague–Dawley rats. The ability of atrazine to cause breast cancer in humans has been studied and the results are equivocal. Rodent studies showed that atrazine alters the developing mammary gland, makes it susceptible to tumorigenesis or hyperplasia, alters lactational ability, and decreases weight gain in second-generation litters. This chapter reviews the proposed mode of action for mammary tumorigenesis in rodents, results of human studies, and potential modes of action for atrazine effects on the developing mammary gland.
Recommendations for Developing Technologies that Encourage Reading Practices Among Children in Families with Low-literate Adults

Learning to read is a holistic process that requires social connections and individual resources. When a child lacks the necessary tools for literacy development, his or her education suffers as a result. This paper investigates the extent of how low-literacy impacts reading behaviors in adults and children who read together from an interaction design and research perspective. The value of exposure to reading early and often is explored with regards to how a novel technology including digital interaction has the potential to increase interest and spur reading behavior change. We observed children and their low-literate, adult caregivers reading a physical book and an electronic e-book application on a tablet. Then we had the pairings participate in co-design sessions to develop new technologies for developing readers. The findings from the research and subsequent design sessions informed a new design and recommendations for an interactive and immersive reading experience, created with and for low-literate adults and children.
A revision of Palaeacmaea (Upper Cambrian) (?Cnidaria)

Palaeacmaea typica, the type species of the genus, and P. irvingi, the only other Late Cambrian taxon considered congeneric are redescribed herein. Their morphology suggests that they are neither Monoplacophora, where they are currently assigned, nor are they Mollusca. Specimens of P. irvingi demonstrate considerable variation in shape, interpreted as distortion of a flexible integument, of essentially no thickness. A neotype is designated for P. irvingi ; it is interpreted as a medusiform fossil, possibly a cnidarian. Only the holotype of P. typica is known, but it shows comparable features. The genus and the family Palaeacmaeide are placed in Phylum Incertae Sedis. Four Ordovician species previously assigned to Palaeacmaea, show none of the characteristics noted, and they are tentatively reassigned to other genera.
Vergleich der beiden theoretischen Schlüsselkonzepte Sozialcharakter und Habitus

Auf der Basis der dargestellten Merkmale der beiden Schlusselkonzepte erfolgt nun deren systematisch-kritischer Vergleich entlang von Vergleichskategorien, die symmetrisch an beide Konzepte angelegt werden. Diese Kategorien sind so gewahlt, dass mit ihrer Hilfe der Sinn der beiden Teiltheorien im Detail und im Zusammenhang verstanden werden kann.
Spectral prediction of sediment chemistry in Lake Okeechobee, Florida

High-resolution diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths were used to predict chemical properties of sediment samples obtained from Lake Okeechobee (FL, USA). Chemometric models yielded highly effective prediction (relative percent difference (RPD) = SD/RMSE >2) for some sediment properties including total magnesium (Mg), total calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and organic matter content (loss on ignition (LOI)). Predictions for iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and various forms of phosphorus (total P (TP), HCl-extractable P (HCl-P), and KCl-extractable P (KCl-P)) were also sufficiently accurate (RPD > 1.5) to be considered useful; predictions for other P fractions as well as all pore water properties were poor. Notably, scanning wet sediments resulted in only a 7 % decline in RPD scores. Moreover, interpolation maps based on values predicted from wet sediment spectra captured the same spatial patterns for Ca, Mg, TC, TN, and TP as maps derived directly from wet chemistry, suggesting that field scanning of perpetually saturated sediments may be a viable option for expediting sample analysis and greatly reducing mapping costs. Indeed, the accuracy of spectral model predictions compared favorably with the accuracy of kriging model predictions derived from wet chemistry observations suggesting that, for some analytes, higher density spatial sampling enabled by use of field spectroscopy could increase the geographic accuracy of monitoring for changes in lake sediment chemical properties.
Up, Down, and All Around: Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel STAT3 Variant.

The number of identified monogenic causes of childhood-onset autoimmunity due to nodal and extranodal lymphoproliferation has increased. These pathogenic genetic variants provide the potential for pathway-specific treatment. Novel variants also require pathway-specific verification. In this report we describe 14-year-old patient with a novel variant in STAT3. We report clinical and laboratory findings that support STAT3 p.G419R as a novel pathogenic STAT3 GOF variant.
Relationship between overall survival and progression-free survival for recent NCCTG glioblastoma multiforme trials.

2004 Background: With the approval of novel agents for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, reliable historical outcome data for the common phase II endpoint of progression free survival (PFS) is not available. In particular, the association between progression and overall survival (OS) has not been evaluated after temozolomide (TMZ) became the standard therapy for newly diagnosed GBM. Methods: Datasets from 5 TMZ-including NCCTG clinical trials in newly diagnosed GBM (n=325, 2005-2011, 1 phase I only and 4 phase I and single arm phase II trials) were pooled and analyzed to evaluate the individual level correlation between PFS and OS using correlation coefficient, landmark analyses, and time-dependent variable analyses. A historical control group was constructed by pooling datasets from 12 pre-TMZ era NCCTG clinical trials in the same patient population (n=1359, 1980-2004). Each of the 5 newer trials was compared to the control group to estimate the treatment effect (hazard ratio) on PFS and OS, which were analy...
Timing of Metastasis in Breast Cancer.

Two studies provide some answers to the question of why cells in neoplastic lesions in the epithelial lining of ducts in the breast are more likely to disseminate than are cells in established breast tumors.
Stringent Response Regulators Contribute to Recovery from Glucose Phosphate Stress in Escherichia coli.

In enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the transcription factor SgrR and the small RNA SgrS regulate the response to glucose phosphate stress, a metabolic dysfunction that results in growth inhibition and stems from the intracellular accumulation of sugar phosphates. SgrR activates the transcription of sgrS, and SgrS helps to rescue cells from stress in part by inhibiting the uptake of stressor sugar phosphates. While the regulatory targets of this stress response are well described, less is known about how the SgrR-SgrS response itself is regulated. To further characterize the regulation of the glucose phosphate stress response, we screened global regulator gene mutants for growth changes during glucose phosphate stress. We found that deleting dksA, which encodes a regulator of the stringent response to nutrient starvation, decreases growth under glucose phosphate stress conditions. The stringent response alarmone regulator ppGpp (synthesized by RelA and SpoT) also contributes to recovery from glucose phosphate stress: as with dksA, mutating relA and spoT worsens the growth defect of an sgrS mutant during stress, although the sgrS relA spoT mutant defect was only detectable under lower stress levels. In addition, mutating dksA or relA and spoT lowers sgrS expression (as measured with a P sgrS -lacZ fusion), suggesting that the observed growth defects may be due to decreased induction of the glucose phosphate stress response or related targets. This regulatory effect could occur through altered sgrR transcription, as dksA and relA spoT mutants also exhibit decreased expression of a P sgrR -lacZ fusion. Taken together, this work supports a role for stringent response regulators in aiding the recovery from glucose phosphate stress.IMPORTANCE Glucose phosphate stress leads to growth inhibition in bacteria such as Escherichia coli when certain sugar phosphates accumulate in the cell. The transcription factor SgrR and the small RNA SgrS alleviate this stress in part by preventing further sugar phosphate transport. While the regulatory mechanisms of this response have been characterized, the regulation of the SgrR-SgrS response itself is not as well understood. Here, we describe a role for stringent response regulators DksA and ppGpp in the response to glucose phosphate stress. sgrS dksA and sgrS relA spoT mutants exhibit growth defects under glucose phosphate stress conditions. These defects may be due to a decrease in stress response induction, as deleting dksA or relA and spoT also results in decreased expression of sgrS and sgrR This research presents one of the first regulatory effects on the glucose phosphate stress response outside SgrR and SgrS and depicts a novel connection between these two metabolic stress responses.
A pedagogy of larger concerns used as a lens to reflect on the design of student learning experiences

Although engineering educational endeavours are often described with regard to how well they prepare students to meet national or global engineering concerns, the purpose of this paper is to show h...
First demonstration of high performance 2D monolayer transistors on paper substrates

In this work, we realize high performance flexible graphene and MoS2 nanoelectronics on commercially available paper substrates for the first demonstration. Polyimide smoothing layer is employed to reduce peak to peak surface roughness by ∼10x to less than 2 nm, which enables integration of atomically-thin 2D nanomaterials for electronic grade performance on paper substrates. Our studies on two terminal graphene devices yield comprehensive insights into the electro-mechanical performances dependent on paper substrate roughness. Our realization of high performance chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene and M 0 S 2 GHz FETs features record 2D cut-offfrequencies and flexibility on paper substrates, which indicates that this soft and ubiquitous substrate can be a strong candidate for future flexible high performance nanoelectronics for Internet of Things and disposable sensors.
Targeted Endodontic Microsurgery: A Novel Approach to Anatomically Challenging Scenarios Using 3-dimensional-printed Guides and Trephine Burs-A Report of 3 Cases.

Abstract Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) techniques have increased success rates over traditional approaches. Despite surgical advances, anatomically challenging scenarios can preclude EMS in certain cases. The aim of this article was to introduce targeted EMS, which uses 3-dimensional–printed surgical guides (3DSGs) and trephine burs to achieve single-step osteotomy, root-end resection, and biopsy in complex cases. In each of 3 cases, a 3DSG with a trephine port was printed using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing implant planning software. The osteotomy site, angulation, and depth of preparation were defined preoperatively to avoid sensitive anatomic structures. The 3DSG was inserted at the target site to achieve precise osteotomy and root-end resection during surgery. A hollow trephine rotated within the 3DSG port produced single-step osteotomy, root-end resection, and biopsy. Root-end preparation and fill were accomplished, and tissues were sutured in place. Targeted EMS potentiated successful surgical treatment in 3 anatomically challenging scenarios: (1) a palatal approach to the palatal root of a maxillary second molar, (2) a facial approach to a fused distofacial-palatal root of a maxillary first molar, and (3) a mandibular second premolar in close proximity to the mental foramen. Trephine burs guided by 3DSGs produce efficient targeted osteotomies with a predictable site, angulation, and depth of preparation. Apical surgery in challenging anatomic cases such as the palatal root of the maxillary second molar, fused molar roots, and root ends in approximation to the mental nerve are possible with targeted EMS.
Development of a magnetic composite material for measurement of residual limb displacements in prosthetic sockets.

IntroductionWearable limb–socket displacement sensors may help patients and prosthetists identify a deteriorating socket fit and justify the need for repair or replacement.MethodsA novel sensor usi...
Identification of Domestic Violence Service Needs Among Child Welfare–Involved Parents With Substance Use Disorders: A Gender-Stratified Analysis:

The current study examined the prevalence and associations of a need for domestic violence services among child welfare-involved mothers and fathers with substance use disorders. Data were drawn from 2,231 child welfare-involved parents in Illinois with an identified substance use disorder. Approximately 42% of mothers and 33% of fathers with a substance use disorder had a concurrent need for domestic violence services. The sample was stratified by gender and logistic regression models were fit to determine the adjusted odds of an identified need for domestic violence services. For both mothers and fathers, the strongest association was an additional need for mental health services. Age, education status, alcohol use, marijuana use, and a reported history of physical violence victimization were also associated with a need for domestic violence services among mothers, while race, age, marital status, annual income, alcohol use, cocaine use, and a reported history of physical violence perpetration were associated with a need for domestic violence services among fathers. The findings of this study make clear that domestic violence is a commonly co-occurring service need for child welfare-involved parents with identified substance use disorders, and that associations with this need vary by gender.
Family Theory as a Necessary Component of Family Therapy

Three contemporary approaches for the study of the family with implications for intervention methods directed toward the total family system are discussed
Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) in the Southern Yucatán Peninsular Region (SYPR)

The southern Yucatan peninsular region (SYPR) project seeks to demonstrate the value of “integrated land-change science” approaches to understanding tropical deforestation and land-use and land-cover change in the region in question. Ecological, social, and remote sensing-GIS sciences are joined in an examination of political economic forces driving land change in this “hot spot” of tropical deforestation, the impacts and feedbacks of these changes on forest and household dynamics, and the ability to advance spatially explicit land-change models of these dynamics linked to TM Landsat imagery. Emphasis here is placed on the methods used to collect and analyze household data in regard to a regional model that addresses both the magnitude and location of deforestation in the region. While exploratory in kind, the effort illustrates the potential to improve land-change models in ways that resonate with the interests of the three research communities involved in the project. The project indicates that integrated land-change science is possible, holds promise to improve understanding across a wide range of research questions, but invariably involves large start-up costs and entertains other requirements that make its practice a long-term research investment.
Biological Views of Adaptation — Some Historical Accounts

Simple, inanimate systems can give a false impression of adaptability and intentionality. For example, consider a candle flame in the bottom of a tall, cylindrical chimney, but without a port for air at the bottom. It will “seek to stay alive” by leaning steadily to one side, as a baffle is lowered down the center of the chimney. By so doing the flame spontaneously (and to us cleverly) organizes the airflow into a downdraft of fresh air, and an updraft of exhaust. It seems to adapt its behavior to its circumstances, in order to persist. Failing to do this, it would gutter and die. This “adaptation” invokes the illusion of intentionality, but it gains us little, and risks unnecessary confusions, to apply the terms “adaptation” and “intention” to the candle in this circumstance. These terms should be reserved for truly complex system behavior (see the discussion of intentionality by 0. Selfridge, in this volume).
Documentary Intertext: Trance and Dance in Bali 1951

This chapter argues that so-called “dissociative disorders” in psychology are akin, as Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson thought, to altered mental states invoked by Balinese dancers in their cultural rituals. The evocation of a “trance” by the hypnotic practices of “dance” yielded a “schizophrenic” consciousness that heeded the wider social-ecological network constituting and sustaining Balinese lifeways. Here, the creation of new states of mind is studied together with the linkages between Balinese ritual and, for example, child rearing, in which patterns of aggression—what Bateson called “schismogenesis”—were constrained by complementary social and psychological responses to symmetrical behavioral sequences leading toward “climax.” Further, the expansion of psychological states that ritual entailed in Bali complements Balinese religion, which in turn, in our final film studied, regulates a temple water system on the island and provides a template for the arts. Human-ecological “wisdom” may be derived, Bateson argued, and “conscious purpose” curtailed, by contemplative artistry. The relationship between digital and analogical coding in the arts, play, and evolution is finally explored, as Balinese patterns of culture become, in Bateson’s work in film and photography, not only the discipline of “visual ethnography,” but also metaphoric guidelines for mental ecology.
Abstract 4857: Discovery of PF-06855800, a SAM competitive PRMT5 inhibitor with potent antitumor activity

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the primary type II arginine methyltransferase responsible for symmetric dimethylation of protein arginine residues. PRMT5 utilizes S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to methylate a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates that are involved in tumorigenesis. A number of these substrates affect a variety of biologic functions including RNA splicing, transcriptional regulation and translation, all of which are dysregulated in cancer. The discovery of adenosine as an efficient inhibitor of PRMT5 catalyzed a medicinal chemistry effort aimed at nucleoside optimization. Protein structure-based and ligand property-based design were combined to deliver molecules with desirable potency, selectivity and ADME properties. Here we will describe a series of deazapurine nucleoside analogues that culminate in the identification of PF-06855800, a SAM competitive PRMT5 inhibitor with antiproliferative activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Citation Format: Indrawan J. Mcalpine, John Tatlock, Joseph Billitti, John Braganza, Alexei Brooun, Deng Ya-Li, Brad Hirakawa, Kristen Jensen-Pergakes, Robert Kumpf, Wei Liu, Karen Maegley, Michele McTigue, Ryan Patman, Eugene Rui, Stephanie Scales, Noah Spiegel, Michelle Tran-Dube, Fen Wang, Zhenxiong Wang, Shinji Yamazaki, Tao Zhang, Martin Wythes. Discovery of PF-06855800, a SAM competitive PRMT5 inhibitor with potent antitumor activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4857.
Development of a method to maximize the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation intensity in women with fibromyalgia.

Introduction Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological intervention clinically used for pain relief. The importance of utilizing the adequate stimulation intensity is well documented; however, clinical methods to achieve the highest possible intensity are not established. Objectives Our primary aim was to determine if exposure to the full range of clinical levels of stimulation, from sensory threshold to noxious, would result in higher final stimulation intensities. A secondary aim explored the association of pain, disease severity, and psychological variables with the ability to achieve higher final stimulation intensity. Methods Women with fibromyalgia (N=143) were recruited for a dual-site randomized controlled trial - Fibromyalgia Activity Study with TENS (FAST). TENS electrodes and stimulation were applied to the lumbar area, and intensity was increased to sensory threshold (ST), then to "strong but comfortable" (SC1), then to "noxious" (N). This was followed by a reduction to the final stimulation intensity of "strong but comfortable" (SC2). We called this the Setting of Intensity of TENS (SIT) test. Results There was a significant increase from SC1 (37.5 mA IQR: 35.6-39.0) to SC2 (39.2 mA IQR: 37.1-45.3) (p<0.0001) with a mean increase of 1.7 mA (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2). Linear regression analysis showed that those with the largest increase between SC1 and N had the largest increase in SC2-SC1. Further, those with older age and higher anxiety were able to achieve greater increases in intensity (SC2-SC1) using the SIT test. Conclusion The SC2-SC1 increase was significantly associated with age and anxiety, with greater mean increases associated with older age and higher anxiety. Thus, although all patients may benefit from this protocol, older women and women with elevated anxiety receive the greatest benefit.
EPFL Signals in the Boundary Region of the SAM Restrict Its Size and Promote Leaf Initiation

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) enables the formation of new organs throughout the life of a plant. ERECTA family (ERf) receptors restrict SAM size and promote initiation of leaves while simultaneously supporting establishment of correct phyllotaxy. In the epidermis and during organ elongation ERf activity is regulated by a family of Epidermal Patterning Factor-Like (EPFL) secreted Cys-rich small proteins. Here we show that ERfs play a critical role in communication between the SAM leaf boundary and the central zone in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Ectopic expression of ERECTA in the central zone using the CLAVATA3 promoter is sufficient to restrict meristem size and promote leaf initiation. Genetic analysis demonstrated that four putative ligands: EPFL1, EPFL2, EPFL4, and EPFL6 function redundantly in the SAM. These genes are expressed at the SAM-leaf boundary and in the peripheral zone. Previously EPFL4 and EPFL6 have been linked with elongation of aboveground organs. Here we demonstrate that EPFL1 and EPFL2 promote organ elongation as well. In addition, we show that expression of ERECTA in the central zone of the SAM has a strong impact on elongation of internodes and pedicels and growth of leaves. These results suggest that ERfs can stimulate organ growth cell nonautonomously.
The Two tragedies argument

Opposition to induced abortion rests on the belief that fetuses have a moral status comparable to beings like us, and that the loss of such a life is tragic. Antiabortion, or pro-life, theorists argue that (1) it is wrong to induce abortion and (2) it is wrong to allow others to perform induced abortion. However, evidence suggests that spontaneous abortion kills far more fetuses than induced abortion, and critics argue that most pro-life theorists neglect the threat of spontaneous abortion and ought to do more to prevent it. Friberg-Fernros contends such an obligation would be implausibly strong, arguing that induced abortions are far worse than spontaneous abortions because while both involve the tragedy of the death of the fetus, induced abortion involves a second tragedy-one person killing another. I argue this two tragedies argument fails to explain what is morally relevant about induced abortion.
Dysmaturation of Premature Brain: Importance, Cellular Mechanisms, and Potential Interventions.

Abstract Prematurity, especially preterm birth (less than 32 weeks' gestation), is common and associated with high rates of both survival and neurodevelopmental disability, especially apparent in cognitive spheres. The neuropathological substrate of this disability is now recognized to be related to a variety of dysmaturational disturbances of the brain. These disturbances follow initial brain injury, particularly cerebral white matter injury, and involve many of the extraordinary array of developmental events active in cerebral white and gray matter structures during the premature period. This review delineates these developmental events and the dysmaturational disturbances that occur in premature infants. The cellular mechanisms involved in the genesis of the dysmaturation are emphasized, with particular focus on the preoligodendrocyte. A central role for the diffusely distributed activated microglia and reactive astrocytes in the dysmaturation is now apparent. As these dysmaturational cellular mechanisms appear to occur over a relatively long time window, interventions to prevent or ameliorate the dysmaturation, that is, neurorestorative interventions, seem possible. Such interventions include pharmacologic agents, especially erythropoietin, and particular attention has also been paid to such nutritional factors as quality and source of milk, breastfeeding, polyunsaturated fatty acids, iron, and zinc. Recent studies also suggest a potent role for interventions directed at various experiential factors in the neonatal period and infancy, i.e., provision of optimal auditory and visual exposures, minimization of pain and stress, and a variety of other means of environmental behavioral enrichment, in enhancing brain development.
Physical Function in the Hospital Is Associated With Patient-Centered Outcomes in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility.

Objective Poor knowledge of the relationships between physical function (PF) in the hospital and patient outcomes in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) limits the identification of patients most appropriate for discharge to an IRF. This study aimed to test for independent associations between PF measured via the AM-PAC "6-clicks" basic mobility short form in the hospital and outcomes in an IRF. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Primary data were collected from an acute hospital and IRF at 1 academic medical center. Associations were tested between PF at hospital admission or discharge and PF improvement in the IRF, discharge from the IRF to the community, and 30-day hospital events by estimating adjusted relative risk (aRR) using modified Poisson regression and the relative difference in IRF length of stay (LOS) using Gamma regression. Results A total of 1323 patients were included. Patients with moderately low, (aRR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.15-1.93), moderately high (aRR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.16-2.01), or high (aRR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.02-1.85) PF at hospital discharge were more likely than those with very low PF to improve their PF while in the IRF. These same patients were more likely to discharge from IRF to the community and had significantly shorter IRF LOS. Hospital-measured PF did not differentiate risk for 30-day hospital events. Conclusion Patients with moderate-but not very low or very high-PF measured near the time of acute hospital discharge were likely to achieve meaningful PF improvement in an IRF. They also had a shorter IRF LOS so may be ideal candidates for discharge to IRF. Prospective studies with larger samples are necessary to test this assertion. Impact Providers in the hospital should identify patients with moderate PF near the time of hospital discharge as those who may benefit most from post-acute rehabilitation in an IRF.