cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An initial examination of ease of use for 2D and 3D information visualizations of web content

We present a discussion and initial empirical investigation of user-interface designs for a set of three Web browsers. The target end-user population we identified were experienced software engineers who maintained large Web sites or portals. The user study demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of two conventional 2D browsers for this target user, as well as that of XML3D, a novel browser that integrates an interactive 3D hyperbolic graph view with a more traditional 2D list view of the data. A standard collapse/expand tree browser and a Web-based hierarchical categorization similar to Yahoo!, were competitively evaluated against XML3D. No reliable difference between the two 2D browsers was observed. However, the results showed clear differences between XML3D and the 2D user interfaces combined. With XML3D, participants performed search tasks within existing categories reliably faster with no decline in the quality of their responses. It was informally observed that integrating the ability to view the overall structure of the information space with the ability to easily assess local and global relationships was key to successful search performance. XML3D was the only tool of the three that efficiently showed the overall structure within one visualization. The XML3D browser accomplished this by combining a 3D graph layout view as well as an accompanying 2D list view. Users did opt to use the 2D user-interface components of XML3D during new category search tasks, and the XML3D performance advantage was no longer obtained in those conditions. In addition, there were no reliable differences in overall user satisfaction across the three user-interface designs. Since we observed subjects using the XML3D features differently depending on the kind of search task, future studies should explore optimal ways of integrating the use of novel focus+context visualizations and 2D lists for effective information retrieval. The contribution of this paper is that it includes empirical data to demonstrate where novel focus+context views might benefit experienced users over and above more conventional user-interface techniques, in addition to where design improvements are warranted.
Stresses in Pin-Loaded Orthotropic Plates: Photoelastic Results

The stresses in transparent glass-epoxy plates loaded by a steel pin through a hole were determined experimentally using photoelasticity. The paper presents the stresses around the hole edge, across the net section, along the shear-out line, and on the centerline below the hole for quasi-isotropic, unidirectional, and angle-ply plates. Stresses in an isotropic comparison specimen are also presented. Stress concentration factors for several locations around the plates are tabulated. The paper discusses the experimental approach and the isochromatic and isoclinic fringe patterns for the four plates are shown.
The Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance and Earnings Quality

Extant research examining the determinants of deferred tax asset valuation allowances finds that the evidence provisions outlined in SFAS 109 explain a significant portion of both levels of and changes in recorded valuation allowances. In addition, there is evidence of a stock price reaction around the time of announcements of valuation allowance information. The present study extends existing research in two ways. First, extant research on determinants of valuation allowance changes does not incorporate the asymmetry in the evidence provisions of SFAS 109. Accordingly, we separately examine the determinants of increases versus decreases in valuation allowances and find that the evidence provisions of SFAS 109 explain a much greater portion of valuation allowance increases than decreases. Second, we examine the association between annual stock returns and reported earnings resulting from valuation allowance changes. While the earnings effect of valuation allowance changes is found to be significant in the expected direction, the stock price reactions do not occur in the period the earnings effect is reported. This is consistent with low earnings “quality” under SFAS 109.
A Recent Development in High-Current Mercury Arc Rectifiers

A single-unit mercury arc rectifier of 3,000-kw rating at 600 volts is discussed as regards design and operation. A typical installation, that of the 8th Avenue subway of the New York Board of Transportation, is described where units of this size have been advantageously applied to the sub-surface substations. An important characteristic of the rectifier unit is its operating temperature which is materially higher than heretofore used in general practise. Tests show that up to a certain temperature the arc drop is reduced as the temperature is raised. This indicates that the maximum efficiency is obtained by operating at a high temperature. Among other advantages of a high operating temperature is the increased cooling efficiency. The rectifier is of the thyratron type with insulated grids surrounding the anodes. In addition to straight rectification, it is expected that it will find many applications in the future where thyratron control is desired.
Recrystallization and dielectric properties of CaHfOx films on Si

Abstract The recrystallization and dielectric behavior for amorphous CaHfO x films on Si substrates has been investigated. Upon conventional annealing in air, the CaHfO x films remain amorphous up to an annealing temperature of 800 °C for annealing times of 1 h. This recrystallization temperature is significantly higher than that reported for HfO 2 subjected to rapid thermal annealing. Metal–insulator–semiconductor structures with Pt gate electrodes were fabricated with various CaHfO x film thickness for capacitance–voltage and leakage current measurements. From this, the permittivity of CaHfO x was determined, along with interface layer capacitance for films on Si. The enhanced stability against polycrystalline grain growth, along with the thermodynamic stability of both CaO and HfO 2 in contact with Si, suggests that CaHfO x may be an attractive gate dielectric for future generation metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor applications.
LIBS plasma model validation

An engineering thermodynamic approach to the plasma description associated with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been previously published. In the prior work, a non-traditional modeling approach was made to reduce the modeling system to a configuration compatible with incorporation into a TI6701. This modeling technique was necessitated by the extreme limitations that portability and robustness place on the physical size and power consumption of the computer for data processing and classification. The new modeling approach was previously reported. This presentation reports on the finalization of this and the validation of the result through comparison to more established models such as detailed balance, via the solution to a system of Boltzmann Equations. The emphasis is on the engineering modeling and its’ system implications - not a physics tutorial. Implications of the modeling approximations for the accuracy and repeatability of the complete sensor system will be presented. Possible utilization of newer, larger scale processors and the impact that would have on the model and associate sensor performance is addressed.
Risk for Depression and Anxiety in Youth: The Interaction between Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control, and Stressors

Theories of temperament suggest that individual differences in affective reactivity (e.g., negative affectivity) may confer risk for internalizing psychopathology in youth and that self-regulatory aspects of temperament (e.g., effortful control) may protect against the deleterious effects of high negative affective reactivity. However, no study to date has examined how the relationship between temperament and youth internalizing psychopathology may be moderated by stress. The current study used a prospective longitudinal design to test the interaction of temperament (e.g., negative affectivity and effortful control) and stressors as a predictor of youth (ages 7–16; 56 % female; N = 576) depressive and anxious symptoms over a 3-month period. Findings show that at low levels of stress, high levels of effortful control protect against the development of depressive and anxious symptoms among youth with high levels of negative affectivity. However, at high levels of stress, this buffering effect is not observed. Gender and grade did not moderate this relationship. Overall, findings extend current understanding of how the interaction of individual psychosocial vulnerabilities and environmental factors may confer increased or decreased risk for depressive and anxious symptoms.
Social influences: Living arrangements of drug using women at risk for HIV infection

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to explore the associations among living arrangements, HIV seroprevalence, and HIV risk and protective factors among 1,322 drug users participating in the University of Miami CARES (Community AIDS Research and Evaluation Studies) HIV intervention program. Living arrangements may be associated with HIV prevention behaviors; however, these influences can be either protective or destructive and therefore merit further examination. Statistical analyses indicated differences in the living arrangements of women compared with men, and significant associations were noted among women's living arrangements, HIV seroprevalence, risk behaviors and protective behaviors. The data from this study suggest that future HIV prevention research should investigate not only high-risk individuals, but persons with whom they interact often, especially those with whom they live or with whom they have sex. The next phase of HIV and drug interventions should be attentive to the incorporation of...
Port rivarly, co-operation, merger

(1983). Port rivarly, co-operation, merger. Maritime Policy & Management: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 207-210.
Using a Systematic Conceptual Model for a Process Evaluation of a Middle School Obesity Risk-Reduction Nutrition Curriculum Intervention: Choice, Control & Change

Abstract Objective To use and review a conceptual model of process evaluation and to examine the implementation of a nutrition education curriculum, Choice, Control & Change, designed to promote dietary and physical activity behaviors that reduce obesity risk. Design A process evaluation study based on a systematic conceptual model. Setting Five middle schools in New York City. Participants Five hundred sixty-two students in 20 classes and their science teachers (n = 8). Main Outcome Measures Based on the model, teacher professional development, teacher implementation, and student reception were evaluated. Also measured were teacher characteristics, teachers’ curriculum evaluation, and satisfaction with teaching the curriculum. Analysis Descriptive statistics and Spearman ρ correlation for quantitative analysis and content analysis for qualitative data were used. Results Mean score of the teacher professional development evaluation was 4.75 on a 5-point scale. Average teacher implementation rate was 73%, and the student reception rate was 69%. Ongoing teacher support was highly valued by teachers. Teacher satisfaction with teaching the curriculum was highly correlated with student satisfaction ( P P Conclusions and Implications Use of a systematic conceptual model and comprehensive process measures improves understanding of the implementation process and helps educators to better implement interventions as designed.
Consumer-data approach to assess the effect of residential grid-tied photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles on distribution transformers

The authors examine the impact of residential photovoltaic arrays and electric vehicles on distribution transformers by using 3-D surface and 2-D filled contour plots. These visualizations, somewhat unorthodox to power distribution analysis, elucidate the impact of hundreds of assets on distribution transformers on a single view. The visualizations are created with a smart grid computer model that accepts residential electrical recordings in one minute intervals. An analysis of simulation results shows that the electrical footprint experienced by a residential community and its distribution transformers stems from photovoltaic arrays rather than from electric vehicles. Additionally, the results indicate the existing distribution assets may be ready to support the proliferation of photovoltaic arrays and electric vehicles, a common concern across utilities in the United States.
Nucleon and Hyperon Structure (

The f ie ldtheore t ic p i c t u r e of a nuc l eon has been t h a t of a D i r a e i a n core s u r r o u n d e d b y a p i o n cloud. E x p e r i m e n t a l l y , t h e charge r ad ius of t h e nuc leon is a measu re of t h e size of t h e core, a n d t he a n o m a l o u s m a g n e t i c m o m e n t r ad ius is a measu re of t h e size of t h e p ion cloud. W e now k n o w f rom e lec t ron s ca t t e r ing t h a t in a p r o t o n these r ad i i arc equa l : (r r ..... ) cha rge = (rr.m.B.) m a g n e t i c m o m e n t ~ 0 .8-10 -18 cm. I f we t a k e t h i s e x p e r i m e n t a l r e su l t ser iously, i t suggests two conclus ions : 1) t h e p ion c loud is no l a rge r t h a n t he core, w h i c h is t a n t a m o u n t to say ing t h a t t he re is no p i o n c loud; 2) t h e obv ious way to o b t a i n equa l i t y be t w een cha rge a n d m a g n e t i c m o m e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n s is to h a v e t h e m a g n e t i c field o r ig ina te f rom a rea l r o t a t i n g cha rge d i s t r i bu t ion . I f we r o t a t e a u n i t cha rge a t t h e ve loc i ty of l igh t w i t h a r ad ius of a b o u t 1 fro, we o b t a i n a m a g n e t i c m o m e n t of a b o u t 3 nuc l ea r m a g n e t o n s , w h i c h is t h e va lue m e a s u r e d for t h e p r o t o n . Hence to r ep roduce t he gross e l ec t romagne t i c p roper t i e s of t h e nuc leon , we are no t fo rced to q u a n t u m cons ide ra t ions (except poss ib ly for t h e a s s u m p t i o n o~ n o n r a d i a t i n g charges) . I f we v iew the nuc leon phc~omenolog iea l ly , t h e r e are a n u m b e r of reasons for be l i ev ing t h a t i t is a compos i t e m a d e u p of t h r e e s u b u n i t s . F o r example , we h a v e t h e s t r angeness q u a n t u m n u m b e r s 1 , 2 a n d 3 for h y p e r o n exc i ta t ions . W e also h a v e t h e l inear successes of t he q u a r k model , in w h i c h t h e nuc leon is p i c t u r e d as composed of t h r e e quarks . I f we c o m p a r e t he m e a s u r e d nuc leon m a g n e t i c m o m e n t s , we h a v e / % ~ + 3, p ~ 2, / ~ A ~ 1 a n d /~z+~ -~ 3, in nuc lea r m a g n o t o n s (1). Th i s suggests t h a t t he nuc leon is f o r m e d of t h r e e spinors , each of w h i c h has spin J = 1⁄2 ~ a n d m a g n e t i c m o m e n t ~ 1 nuc lea r m a g n c t o n . T he ques t ion t h e n arises as to whe re we are to o b t a i n these spinors . T he resu l t s we w i sh to exp la in phenomeno log ica l ly a re l inear . T h a t is, q u a n t u m n u m b e r s are add i t ive , inc lud ing masses , spins a n d m a g n e t i c fields. Th i s m e a n s t h a t t h e sp inors m u s t be weak ly b o u n d t o g e t h e r to fo rm a nuc leon (~).
Frequency of recurrence among infants with supraventricular tachycardia and comparison of recurrence rates among those with and without preexcitation and among those with and without response to digoxin and/or propranolol therapy

Approximately 60% of children with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) develop their initial episode by 1 year of age. Despite resolution in most of these patients by 1 year, approximately 30% of the SVT will recur. We performed a retrospective review of all patients 1 year of age. Patients were divided into: (1) a first line (FL) group (controlled with digoxin and/or propranolol) and (2) a second line (SL) group (requiring additional antiarrhythmics). The groups were divided based on the presence of preexcitation. The FL group included 116 patients, 20 of whom (17%) had Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. The SL group included 34 patients, 21 of whom (62%) had WPW (p 1 year of age versus those patients with preexcitation. These patients are also more likely to require additional antiarrhythmic therapy to control SVT. Furthermore, children with WPW syndrome who are refractory to treatment with digoxin and/or propranolol are at increased risk of SVT recurrence.
Hypothalamic versus pituitary dysfunction in Down's syndrome as cause of growth retardation

We have found that some children with Down's syndrome (DS) have growth retardation secondary to growth hormone (GH) deficiency. To test the hypothesis that hypothalamic dysfunction is the primary cause for GH deficiency and growth retardation, hypothalamic-pituitary responses of serum GH concentrations to levodopa and clonidine as well as pituitary responses in serum GH concentrations to growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) were analysed in 14 prepubertal children with DS. Levodopa and clonidine were given, and blood was drawn for determining serum GH levels. Seven prepubertal control children had both levodopa and clonidine tests done. The delta serum GH during levodopa was 5.7 +/- 6.3 ng ml-1 in DS and 13.1 +/- 9.8 ng ml-1 in controls. The delta serum GH during clonidine administration was 3.0 +/- 3.2 ng ml-1 in DS and 17.3 +/- 5.6 ng ml-1 in controls. Children with DS had a significantly lower response to levodopa and clonidine, compared with controls by the Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.03 and P < 0.009, respectively). Growth-hormone-releasing hormone was given at 1 microgram kg-1 i.v. bolus and bloods for GH were drawn at-15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min in 14 subjects with DS and 24 normal controls, both groups prepubertal. The mean delta serum GH concentration in DS was 53.6 +/- 38.3 ng ml-1, and it was 35.6 +/- 25.1 ng ml-1 in controls with P < 0.23 non-significant by the Mann-Whitney U-test. These results indicate that levodopa and clonidine (drugs stimulating hypothalamic GHRH release and secondary pituitary GH release in normal individuals) do not stimulate GH release in DS. Furthermore, normal GH response to GHRH in DS indicates normal pituitary function (normal somatotroph response to GHRH) and supports hypothalamic dysfunction in DS.
EMPLOYEE REACTIONS TO PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: A REVIEW AND RESEARCH PROPOSITIONS

Although the use of evaluative performance standards is common in most organizations, research in our field has focused almost exclusively on selection standards (and predictor cut-off scores), rather than standards for subsequent performance. This review considers aspects of the performance standard-setting process that influence incumbents' job reactions, specifically in terms of motivated performance and job satisfaction. We draw upon the following literatures to specify future research needs and directions: goal setting, feedback and framing, performance expectations, job satisfaction, and utility analysis. The result is an outline of research propositions concerning the acceptance of performance standards, the content of performance standards, the communication of standards, and the difficulty levels of those standards.
A thromboxane synthetase antagonist ameliorates progressive renal disease of Dahl-S rats.

A thromboxane synthetase antagonist ameliorates progressive renal disease of Dahl-S rats. Recent studies have suggested a role for thromboxane in the progression of renal disease. The current study evaluated the role of this arachidonic acid metabolite in a model of renal disease which bears many biologic similarities to that in the kidneys of patients with chronic progressive renal failure. The model is that induced by ferritin-anti-ferritin immune complex nephritis in Dahl-salt sensitive rats rendered hypertensive by a high salt intake. Rats with this model of renal disease were chronically given a thromboxane synthetase antagonist OKY-046 or a placebo treatment from 16 to 29 weeks of age. Sequential observations of serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein excretion showed an ameliorating effect of OKY-046 on these renal parameters. Histologic examination of the kidneys also showed significantly less glomerular sclerosis in OKY-046 treated animals. The efficacy of OKY-046 was monitored by measurements of serum TXB 2 levels and of glomerular production of TXB 2 (and other prostaglandins); amounts of TXB 2 were significantly reduced in the OKY-046 group. It is concluded that blockade of thromboxane generation has been successful in ameliorating the functional and structural lesions in this model of renal disease, providing further support to the thesis that thromboxane is an important mediator in events leading to eventual chronic renal failure and sclerosis.
A new metabolic cell-wall labelling method reveals peptidoglycan in Chlamydia trachomatis

Peptidoglycan (PG), an essential structure in the cell walls of the vast majority of bacteria, is critical for division and maintaining cell shape and hydrostatic pressure. Bacteria comprising the Chlamydiales were thought to be one of the few exceptions. Chlamydia harbour genes for PG biosynthesis and exhibit susceptibility to 'anti-PG' antibiotics, yet attempts to detect PG in any chlamydial species have proven unsuccessful (the 'chlamydial anomaly'). We used a novel approach to metabolically label chlamydial PG using d-amino acid dipeptide probes and click chemistry. Replicating Chlamydia trachomatis were labelled with these probes throughout their biphasic developmental life cycle, and the results of differential probe incorporation experiments conducted in the presence of ampicillin are consistent with the presence of chlamydial PG-modifying enzymes. These findings culminate 50 years of speculation and debate concerning the chlamydial anomaly and are the strongest evidence so far that chlamydial species possess functional PG.
A harvest of confusing results: The depressing outcome of two decades of research on aging and the neurobiology of depression

This comprehensive review of the literature on Aging and the Neurobiology of Depression points to what may be the most important lesson we have to learn these days. It shows us how after expending scientific efforts, funds and other resources for over two decades on premier quality research by highly qualified investigators we can still remain ignorant of the Neurobiology of Depression, to say nothing of the effects of Aging either superimposed or interactive.
Color reaction of alkaloids with dichromate-sulfuric acid and its use for quantitative assay.

Using as reagents potassium dichromate and concentrated sulfuric acid, a rapid, simple method for the assay of alkaloids has been developed. Dichromate concentration, acid normality, and the presence of salts influence the intensity of the color developed. The green color produced absorbs maximally at 650 mμ, is stable for at least 72 hours, and is insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and other organic solvents. The method has been applied successfully to the study of the interaction of alkaloids with hydrocolloids using the equilibrium dialysis technique. Furthermore, it affords a ready means of assaying samples of isolated alkaloids of several classes obviating the extraction of the pigment and involves no expensive reagents or elaborate equipment.
Manufacturing and testing precision potentiometers

Precision is required to make an accurate wire-wound potentiometer. This article describes how this precision is achieved and discusses the standards available to measure it.
Hybrid IMM/SVM approach for wavelet-domain probabilistic model based texture classification

The Fisher kernel method was recently proposed to incorporate probabilistic (generative) models and discriminative methods for pattern recognition. This method uses parameter derivatives of log-likelihood calculated from probabilistic model(s), Fisher scores, to generate statistical feature vectors. It is followed by discriminative classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM) for classification. In this work the authors study the potential of the Fisher kernel method on texture classification. A hybrid system of independent mixture model (IMM) and SVM is introduced to extract and classify statistical texture features in wavelet-domain. Compared to existing methods that apply Bayesian classification based on wavelet domain energy signatures and stand along IMM, the new hybrid IMM/SVM method is able to achieve superior performance. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed method.
Assessment of the Pb-Pb and U-Pb chronometry of the early solar system

Abstract An evaluation of early solar system chronometry by the Pb–Pb and U–Pb methods is provided. Specifically, three consequential factors are examined: procedure of age calculation, extent of terrestrial Pb contamination, and initial Pb isotopic composition. On a Pb–Pb diagram, high temperature inclusions of the Allende meteorite are tightly organized into a well-defined line (inside a potentially dispersive mixing field), which is consistent with the inclusions containing initial Pb that is more primitive than that of Canon Diablo troilite (PAT). Consequences of the possible existence of a pre-PAT Pb to the evolution history of the solar nebula are discussed. Phosphates from the ordinary chondrite St. Severin appear to be contaminated by terrestrial Pb, a condition that renders age calculation based on subtraction of PAT inaccurate. The Pb–Pb mixing line of these phosphates indicates an age of 4.558 Ga. Interestingly, Angra dos Reis phosphate and pyroxene, as well as pyroxene of the other angrite Lewis Cliff 86010 fall precisely on the line defined by St. Severin phosphates. Whole rocks of ordinary chondrites are pictorially and explicitly shown to be seriously contaminated with terrestrial Pb, thus their single-stage U–Pb ages may not be suitable markers of time. Because their true crystallization ages are often younger than the whole rocks, and because of the possibility of multistage evolution, phosphates of ordinary chondrites may yield single-stage ages older than their true crystallization ages. A hypothetical numerical demonstration is provided. On the basis of revised ages and new observations we provide an “updated” chronometry for the early solar system.
SIDE: A Decision Support System Using a Combination of Swarm Intelligence and Data Envelopment Analysis

To make sound decisions, managers analyze data from multiple sources using different dimensions and eventually integrate the results of their analysis. This study proposes the design of a multi-attribute-decision-support-system that combines the analytical power of two different tools: data envelopment analysis (DEA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), one of the major algorithms using swarm intelligence. DEA measures the relative efficiency of decision making units that use multiple inputs and outputs to provide non-objective measures without making any specific assumptions about data. On the other hand PSO's main strength lies in exploring the entire search space. This study proposes a modeling technique that jointly uses the two techniques to benefit from the two methodologies.
Nova, the paraneoplastic Ri antigen, is homologous to an RNA-binding protein and is specifically expressed in the developing motor system

Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia, a disorder of motor control, develops in breast or lung cancer patients who harbor an antibody (Ri) that recognizes their tumors and a nuclear neuronal protein of 55 kd. We have characterized a gene, Nova, encoding an antigen recognized by the Ri antibody. Nova encodes a novel, highly conserved protein, homologous to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP K, the yeast splicing protein MER1, and a motif in several retroviral proteases. Northern blot analysis detects Nova transcripts only in brain, and several alternatively spliced forms are present in brain and tumor cells. Nova expression is restricted to the ventral brain stem and spinal cord in E18 mice. Since Nova encodes a target antigen in the motor disorder paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia that is expressed in the developing subcortical motor system, it is a likely participant in both the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic opsoclonus-ataxia and the developmental biology of the motor system. The homology between Nova and hnRNP K suggests that Nova regulates RNA splicing or metabolism in a specific subset of developing neurons.
Optimizing Smart Pump Technology by Increasing Critical Safety Alerts and Reducing Clinically Insignificant Alerts

The Institute of Medicine concluded that medical errors are primarily the result of system failures rather than the fault of individuals.1 Improvements in methods and technologies create a “culture of safety” with the patient at the center.1 The use of smart intravenous (IV) infusion pumps equipped with safety software reduces errors and adverse events associated with IV infusions. This technology integrates decision-support software and a customized drug library. The nurse is able to receive and respond to smart-pump alerts generated at the patient’s bedside and intercept potentially injurious infusion errors, therefore allowing many high-risk medications to be administered safely. For these reasons, the use of programmable infusion smart pumps is included in The Joint Commission’s (TJC) national patient safety goals.2 Another layer of increased patient safety can be added by integrating IV infusion pumps with other institutional information systems, such as electronic medical records, barcode point-of-care, and computerized physician order entry.3 Alerts generated by IV infusion pump safety software prevent life-threatening situations in patients that might otherwise go unnoticed. When alerts are often clinically insignificant, health care workers may become desensitized and discount their importance, which results in potentially dangerous situations. Although little research has been devoted to alert desensitization, many studies have documented the harm resulting from audible alarms being ignored by nurses and other health care providers in a phenomenon called alarm fatigue.4-8 In 2013, TJC highlighted improving safety surrounding alarm-equipped medical devices as a sentinel event alert.5 Upon recognizing the detrimental effects of audible alarm fatigue, it is a logical step to apply this concern to visual alert desensitization. Nonactionable or nuisance alerts contribute to alert fatigue experienced by hospital staff. Minimizing these alerts can help to create a safer environment for patients. The challenge of reducing alert desensitization requires interventions from health care professionals. Smart infusion pump technology generates actionable data and reports that can play a critical role in continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiatives for medication use. Many articles have described the planning, implementation, and beneficial results of smart pump devices.9 However, there is a deficiency of articles that detail the data analytics necessary to maintain and enhance this technology.9
The Devious Roads of Science

A mathematician of ancient Greece is credited with the saying “There are no Royal Roads in mathematics”. This is usually understood as meaning that it is impossible to understand the proof of a complicated theorem without having first understood the proofs of all preliminary theorems and lemmas that precede it. To put it differently, a person unfamiliar with geometry, cannot open a book on geometry in the middle and read with understanding, whatever is printed there. He has to read all the preliminaries.
TURBIDITES OF THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC1

The northeast corner of the Pacific Ocean is a region of turbidity-current activity. Cores from this area are dominated by very fine-grained sand and medium-grained silt that grade upward to clay. The results presented in this article are based on 217 textural analyses of turbidite layers comprising 30 piston cores. It is possible to distinguish proximal and distal facies of turbidites using characteristics of layering, grading and texture. Features of the proximal facies include wide range of layer thickness, maximum layer thickness, non-grading, truncation of grading, textural reversals, and sand at the base of graded layers. Areas beyond main routes of submarine flows are sites of episodic addition of silt-through clay-sized sediment. The proportion, thickness, and mean grain size of the silt decreases with increasing distance from the main avenues of flow.
Comparison of effects of juvenile hormone mimic and synthetic juvenile hormone I on the bug Lygaeus kalmii

. The possibility that JH mimics cause artifactual responses was investigated by comparing one such mimic (JH-M) and a ‘true’ JH (JH I) in the effects of each upon L.kalmii larval colouring and development. Post-blastokinesis treatment with synthetic JH I affected larval colour pattern in the same way as JH-M, but higher hormone concentrations were required. JH I also caused higher larval mortality. JH-M and JH I were equally effective in producing supernumerary instars.
Stability of Nitrogenous Compounds and Lipids During Storage of Freeze-Dried Raw Beef and

SUMMARY The solubility of the nitrogenous compounds of freeze-dried raw beef was observed to change during storage in cans with controlled oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres. Generally, total soluble nitrogen, soluble protein nitrogen, and soluble nonprotein nitrogen decreased with increasing storage time and initial concentration of oxygen in the can atmosphere. Free amino groups also decreased during storage, and this change was dependent on both initial oxygen content of the storage atmosphere and time. Dried beef tissue lipids were fractionated into neutral fat and phospholipids by silicic acid. The fatty acid composition of each fraction, determined by gas-liquid chromatography, was observed to change from oxidation during storage. Oxidation of tissue lipids seems to occur in two stages: the phospholipids are oxidized first, and the neutral fat autoxidizes later. Also, loss of the unsaturated fatty acids was more pronounced in the phospholipid fraction than in the neutral fat.
Dementia and Guns

Comment on: Grandfather's gun: when should we intervene?Green RC, Kellerman AL. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996; 44(4):467-9. Language: en
Response surface methods for efficient complex aircraft configuration aerodynamic characterization

A response surface methodology approach to wind-tunnel testing of aircraft with complex configurations is being investigated at the Langley full-scale tunnel as part of a series of tests using design of experiments. An exploratory study was conducted using response surface methodology and a 5% scale blended-wing-body model in an effort to efficiently characterize aerodynamic behavior as a function of attitude and multiple control surface inputs. This paper provides a direct comparison of the design of experiments/response surface methodology and one factor at a time methods for a low-speed wind-tunnel test of a blended-wing-body aircraft configuration with 11 actuated control surfaces. A modified fractional factorial design, augmented with center points and axial points, produced regression models for the characteristic aerodynamic forces and moments over a representative design space as a function of model attitude and control surface inputs. Model adequacy and uncertainty levels were described using robust statistical methods inherent to the response surface methodology practice. Experimental goals included the capture of fundamental stability and control data for simulation models and comparisons to baseline data from recent one factor at a time tests. Optimization is demonstrated for control surface allocation for a desired response. A discussion of highlights and problems associated with the test is included.
Hyperammonemia resulting from intravenous alimentation using a mixture of synthetic l-amino acids: a preliminary report.

Hyperammonemia has been observed in three infants receiving total parenteral alimentation in which the nitrogen source was a mixture of synthetic L -amino acids (FreAmine). Two of the three infants developed lethargy, unresponsiveness, and twitching movements of the eyes and extremities followed by grand mal seizures. The hyperammonemia and associated clinical signs could be corrected by administration of 2 mmoles per kilogram of arginine-glutamate or 3 mmoles per kilogram of arginine-HCl and could be prevented by addition of as little as 0.5 to 1.0 mmoles per kilogram of arginine-HCl to the daily infusate. These observations make it mandatory to monitor blood ammonia levels in any infant receiving total parenteral alimentation.
Experimental study of the effects of grid configuration on the dynamical evolution of decaying turbulence in a stably stratified fluid

Abstract A recent theoretical study by Gargett (1988, J. Geophys. Res., 93(C5): 5021–5036) of turbulent mixing in the stably stratified atmosphere and oceans has yielded reinterpretations of basic experimental observations at strong variance with earlier assessments which have been widely used in interpreting geophysical data. These differences in fundamental understanding erect a conceptual barrier to progress in understanding atmospheric and oceanic fine-scale turbulent mixing which must be overcome to make further progress. Definitive experimental tests of some of these new conjectures require comprehensive experiments in which the turbulence and internal wave generating mechanisms are systematically varied to include geometrical disturbance configurations not previously studied. We report here the results of a comprehensive series of experiments to investigate the effect of the configuration of the turbulence generating grid on the dynamics of stably stratified turbulence. The present measurements were made in a heat stratified wind-tunnel. Biplanar grids as well as parallel rods placed vertically or horizontally were used to produce the turbulence. The buoyancy frequency used was 2.1 rad s−1, resulting in rod Froude numbers larger than 100 and mesh Froude numbers larger than 20. Two velocity components and temperature were measured simultaneously, and spectra, length scales and heat fluxes were calculated. The measurements show that the normalized buoyancy flux is independent of the grid configuration, except very close to the grid in the region where the wakes from individual grid rods have not fully merged. The decay of velocity fluctuations and length-scale ratios show no significant internal waves generated by the horizontal rods. The lee-wave theory put forward by Gargett to reinterpret earlier stratified turbulence measurements is inconsistent with these results. The shape of the co-coherence between vertical velocity and fluctuating temperature is sensitive to grid configuration up to x/M of 30. Initially, the turbulence generated by horizontal rods shows stronger mixing at the Karman vortex shedding frequency and larger co-coherence over a broad frequency interval lower than the shedding frequency. Estimates of the isotropy of the turbulence vs. downstream location are also contradictory to the hypothesis that lee-waves govern the turbulence dynamics. Based on calculated values of r.m.s. velocity fluctuations, strain rates and analytic relations between the spectra, it is confirmed that the turbulence is closest to isotropy close to the grids but becomes progressively more anisotropic as the buoyancy forces quench turbulent mixing farther downstream, irrespective of grid configuration. This is diametrically opposite to Gargett's interpretation. Off-centerline measurements, addressing another conjecture of Gargett, show the same qualitative results as on-centerline measurements reported earlier.
Trend analysis of time-series phenology of North America derived from satellite data

Remote sensing information has been used in studies of the seasonal dynamics (phenology) of the land surface since the 1980s. While our understanding of remote sensing phenology is still in develop...
Arcjet thermal characteristics

The performance of water-cooled and radiation cooled arcjet thrusters operating on both 1:2 nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures at 1 to 2 kW and on pure hydrogen at 1 to 4 kW are compared. To investigate the effects of test facility background pressure on performance, data were taken for both thruster operating on nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures at facility background pressures nominally at 0.20 Pa and 20 Pa. It is shown that increasing the background pressure decreased the thruster performance, and simple pressure area corrections alone could not account for observed degradation in performance.
Parallel risks of automobile collisions and thefts: a potential means of separating driver and vehicle factors

This paper examines the value of data published by the Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI) on the collision frequency of different automobile models as a potential guide to vehicle safety. It is argued that these data fail to control for factors other than design, including vehicle usage and driving quality. An alternative measure of collision risk, controlled for some of these factors, is constructed employing the fact that theft risk is determined by many of the same usage characteristics as collision risk. This alternative measure is validated by demonstrating that it is a more effective predictor of injury risk than collision frequency. In conclusion it is argued that if HLDI collision data are to provide a more useful guide to the relative design safety of different automobile models, the data need to be controlled for a wider range of potentially confounding factors.
Radiolytic Stress Relaxation of an Ethylene Propylene Copolymer

Radiolytic stress relaxation of ethylene-propylene copolymer network to study gamma ray-induced chain scission, cross linking and gel dose
The construction of a set of recurrence which is not a set of strong recurrence

This paper deals with two possible definitions of recurrence in measure preserving systems. A set of integersR is said to be a set of (Poincare) recurrence if, for all measure preserving systems (X, B, μ, T) and any measurable setA of positive measure, there is anr eR such thatμ(T r A∩A)>0.R is said to be a set of strong recurrence if, for all measure preserving systems (X, B, μ, T) and any measurable setA of positive measure, there is ane>0 and an infinite number of elementsr ofR such thatμ(T r A∩A)≥e (see Bergelson’s 1985 paper). This paper constructs a set of recurrenceR, an example of a measure preserving system (X, B, μ, T) and a measurable setA of measure 1/2, such that lim r→∞:reRμ (A∩T r A)=0. In particularR is a set of recurrence but not a set of strong recurrence, giving a negative answer to a question of Bergelson posed in 1985. Further, it also constructs a set of recurrence which does not force the continuity of positive measures and so reproves a result of Bourgain published in 1987.
Results of early thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma in children with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

Children with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) often develop medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) or its precursor, C-cell hyperplasia. Survival results are improved if malignancy is diagnosed early from the results of plasma immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) measurement. The effect of early detection and thyroidectomy in children with MEN2 syndrome was determined by reviewing the experience between 1975 and 1985. Seventeen children with MEN2 who were 12 years old or younger underwent a total thyroidectomy for MCT or C-cell hyperplasia. iCT was measured in all patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Of the 17 children, 14 (82%) had MEN2a and 3 (18%) had MEN2b. There were 14 (82%) female and three (18%) male patients; their mean age was 6.97 years (range 1.5 to 12 years). In all patients, the diagnosis of MCT was made from initial elevated levels of iCT after stimulation with pentagastrin. Three patients had clinical evidence of disease preoperatively. All patients underwent a total thyroidectomy and lymph nodes were removed from the central zone; a neck dissection was performed in the three with clinically obvious disease. MCT with C-cell hyperplasia was found in 11 children and C-cell hyperplasia alone in six. Of the 11 with carcinoma, eight had bilateral disease and three unilateral. Six children had bilateral C-cell hyperplasia. All 17 children were alive and feeling well at the time of this report; however, three had evidence of metastatic disease according to iCT measurements. None of the children had recurrent nerve injuries; one had evidence of hypoparathyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria

22 strains of lactic acid bacteria were examined for bacteriocin production and sensitivity using three screening techniques and two media. Distinct inhibition zones were obtained when 9 of 10 strains previously identified in other laboratories as bacteriocin producers were spotted onto yeast extract-supplemented trypticase soy agar without glucose and overlaid with agar seeded with an indicator strain. Of the 12 ATCC strains screened, only Lactobacillus brevis B155 produced bacteriocin. Lactobacillus MRS was not a satisfactory screening medium because the large amount of acid produced from glucose gave inhibition zones around all strains. The flip-streak deferred-antagonism method was cumbersome and of limited value. The well-diffusion method gave a large number of false-negative results compared to the spot-on-the-lawn method. Lactobacillus sake ATTC 15521 was sensitive to all of the bacteriocins and was chosen as the best indicator strain for further screening studies.
Abundance and single-cell activity of bacterial groups in Antarctic coastal waters

We estimated the abundance and single-cell activity of bacterial groups in waters off the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) using a combination of microautoradiography and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The abundance of the Ant4D3 subgroup, detected by a new FISH probe, was 10% of the total community and half of the gammaproteobacterial population. The Ant4D3, Polaribacter, and SAR11 subgroups accounted for the majority of the Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria–Flavobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria, respectively. Approximately 40% of the total microbial community actively incorporated leucine (added at 20 nmol L21), while a smaller fraction (12–22%) used protein and an amino acid mixture (added at tracer concentrations). The fractions of SAR11, Polaribacter, and Ant4D3 that were active differed from each other and varied among substrates. SAR11 had the largest fraction of active cells incorporating leucine, while Polaribacter dominated the community using protein. The fraction of Ant4D3 using different compounds did not vary, but this group dominated the incorporation of amino acids, and was an abundant and active component of the bacterial community. Bacteria in the WAP region were as active as bacteria in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, even though total bacterial production was lower in the WAP. Though persistently cold (0–1uC) and dominated by different bacterial taxa, the single-cell activity of this summertime Antarctic bacterial community was comparable to that of temperate communities.