cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of combined Shewhart-CUSUM control charts for ground water monitoring applications.

Statistical properties of combined Shewhart-CUSUM control charts are examined in terms of the site-wide false positive rate, false negative rate, and average run length (i.e., the average number of sampling events that it takes to detect a significant exceedance). The effects of multiple comparisons (i.e., multiple monitoring wells and constituents), verification resampling, background sample size, and background updating are incorporated into the analysis. The effects of (1) verification resampling plans including no resampling, pass one resample, pass one of two resamples, and pass two of two resamples; (2) background sample sizes (n = 8,12,16,20, and 24); and (3) multiple comparisons (k = 1 to 500 future comparisons) were examined. In addition, various alternative control limit factors (h = SCL= 4.5, 5.0,5.5, and 6.0) were considered, where the control limit is x + hs. Results of simulations revealed that it is possible to balance site-wide false positive and false negative rates at low levels using combined Shewhart-CUSUM control charts. The results revealed that it is important to select the appropriate multiplier, verification resampling plan, number of background samples, and number of intervening samples prior to updating background.
Concerto: digital signage on the cheap

Concerto Digital Signage is free and open source software (FOSS) developed by students at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and tailored to the needs of educational institutions. Being a web application, it has minimal requirements for both server and client, allowing it to run on commodity hardware. Concerto facilitates distributed, yet targeted, announcements in a way that encourages interdepartmental communication. I will discuss the Concerto implementation at Vassar College, which uses old and low powered hardware for cost savings, ties into VC's emergency alerting system, and harnesses screensavers to increase coverage to wherever computers are already deployed.
Heterosexuals' attitudes toward bisexual men and women in the United States

This paper examines heterosexual adults’ attitudes toward bisexual men and women using data from a 1999 national RDD survey (N = 1,335). Ratings on 101‐point feeling thermometers were lower (less favorable) for bisexual men and bisexual women than for all other groups assessed—including religious, racial, ethnic, and political groups—except injecting drug users. More negative attitudes toward bisexuals were associated with higher age, less education, lower annual income, residence in the South and rural areas, higher religiosity, political conservatism, traditional values concerning gender and sexual behavior, authoritarianism, and lack of contact with gay men or lesbians. White heterosexual women expressed significantly more favorable attitudes than other women and all men. A gender difference was observed in attitudes toward bisexuals and homosexuals: Heterosexual women rated bisexuals significantly less favorably than they rated homosexuals, regardless of gender, whereas heterosexual men rated male tar...
From Duality to Triplicity: The Multidimensional Undertaking of Jean Paulhan

De la dualite langage/pensee a la triplicite signifiant/signifie/referent dans l'entreprise de demystification rhetorique de Paulhan. La relation interdisciplinaire dans Lalie entre reflexion theorique et creation poetique
The social and emotional well-being of divorced residential parents

Social and emotional well-being of 141 divorced mothers and 36 divorced fathers were examined. All parents had children living in their households. There were no differences between mothers' and fathers' reports of psychosomatic symptomatology, life satisfaction, life-area rankings, family cooperation, social support from relatives, and satisfaction with the contact with their former spouses. Mothers reported more health improvements since the divorce and higher levels of family esteem than fathers did. These findings are discussed in relation to the expectations associated with and the enactment of social and familial roles.
A new approach to on-line, run-time program logic and error debugging using hardware implementation

What is believed to be a somewhat different approach to rapid program debugging has been devised in which: (1) execution of the programmer’s logical thinking is automatically debugged by the computer at run time and (2) status errors of any type may be fed back into the computer, which subsequently outputs the immediate steps leading to that error. Debugging is carried out by the computer on an instruction-by-instruction basis, on-line, with all or selected interrupts serviced. A hardware-software implementation package for the PDP-8 is described, which could be adapted to other computers as well.
Quantum effects in intramolecular energy transfer: the role of observations

Abstract We show that when the nature of the preparation and observation processes are included in the quantum mechanical description of intramolecular energy transfer, Heller's argument for tlie nonergodicity of isolated degenerate quantum systems must be modified. The observation of nonergodic behavior in such systems is discussed.
Nitridable steels for cold forming processes

Low carbon titanium steels with nickel and/or manganese and silicon additions were developed to combine formability, nitradability with increased strength. The strength, formability, and nitradability of 16 different compositions were investigated. Neither the depth nor the great hardness of nitrided layers, due to TiN particles < 15A in size, was influenced by the addition of other alloying elements. The high nucleation frequency resulting in the small size of TiN particles is attributed to the coprecipitation of TiN and Fe4N minimizing the strain energy barrier for nucleation. The hardening caused by various volume fractions of TiN precipitate in the nitrided layer was in good agreement with the quantitative estimate of Gerold and Habercorn15 in which the interaction between edge dislocations and coherency strain fields is assumed to be the strengthening mechanism.
Experimental study of a compressible countercurrent turbulent shear layer

A countercurrent shear layer with a nominal convective Mach number (M c ) of 2 is generated using a unique arrangement. The shear layer growth rates were found to be twice that of conventional, coflowing shear layers at comparable M c . It is hypothesized that the countercurrent shear layer becomes self-excited, leading to a modification of the turbulent properties. Instantaneous flow visualization images clearly reveal the presence of large, highly convoluted, turbulent structures believed to be responsible for the enhanced growth rates. The flowfield was also examined for the presence of eddy shocklets that have been observed in numerical simulations under similar compressible flow conditions. Even though the countercurrent flowfield appears to satisfy the criteria for the creation of shocklets, a careful and thorough search revealed no evidence of their presence.
Photoelectronic Properties of ZnSe Crystals

The photoelectronic properties of $p$-type ZnSe: Cu and of $n$-type self-activated ZnSe(SA) have been investigated in single crystals. Results for ZnSe: Cu may be described by a multivalent-copper-impurity model in which ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+2}$ ions substituting on the Zn sublattice are responsible for the red and green luminescence bands, respectively. The green luminescence emission (2.34 eV) is from the conduction band to the empty ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}^{\mathrm{x}}$ center. One of the red emission bands (1.97 eV) is from the conduction band to the empty ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$\ensuremath{'} center; a second red band (1.95 eV) is from a shallow level near the conduction band to the empty ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$\ensuremath{'} center. The ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$\ensuremath{'} center is also the major sensitizing center for $n$-type photoconductivity in $p$-type ZnSe: Cu, and it is the dominant acceptor center controlling $p$-type conductivity. Optical absorption in the infrared is due to an internal transition within the ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}^{\mathrm{x}}$, which has an (Ar) $3{d}^{9}$ electronic configuration, plus a transition from the valence band to the empty ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$\ensuremath{'} center. Several annealing and impurity-incorporation experiments performed on ZnSe: Cu support this model for the Cu luminescence centers. The sensitizing center for $n$-type photoconductivity in $n$-type ZnSe(SA) is not the same as that associated with ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$\ensuremath{'} in $p$-type ZnSe: Cu; it lies closer to the valence band and has a capture cross section for electrons ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ that of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}$\ensuremath{'} sensitizing center.
An investigation of the shock initiation of liquid nitromethane

An experimental investigation of the shock initiation of liquid nitromethane is described. Shock pressures and temperatures in the unreacted liquid ranged from 7.5 to 9.5 GPa and 900 to 1100/sup 0/K. Diagnostic information was obtained from ferroelectric pins immersed in the liquid and from simultaneous streak camera and velocity interferometric records. The data support the thermal ignition model of one-dimensional shock initiation of nitromethane. The interferometer initiation time data are analyzed to obtain kinetic parameters in a first order overall rate law for the initiation-decomposition reaction in nitromethane. The rate constant for this overall reaction is suggested as k/sub 1/ = 2.6 X 10/sup 9/ exp(--23000/RT) sec/sup -1/, which is appreciably different from the rate constant for the unimolecular bond-scission reaction. The data support the conclusion that radical reactions significantly influence the overall initiation reaction in liquid nitromethane.
Mock trials: A participatory views of the criminal justice process

“The whole art of teaching is only the art of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of satisfying it afterwards.” (France, 1881) This quote from The Crime of Sylvester Bonnard, the first novel of the Nobel Prize Winner, Anatole France, emphasizes a primary goal of teaching: awakening and satisfying natural curiosity. While most educators might agree with France’s assessment of educational goals, there seems to be less consensus on how this goal can best be achieved. Just as teachers differ so do teaching strategies. Obviously a variety of strategies can and should be utilized to attain the goal of facilitating learning by students. One of the proven instructional methods which can be utilized is simulation. It offers the opportunity for effective instruction at all levels of education from primary grades through professional schools. In criminal justice education, the use of simulation can provide students with an exciting opportunity to experience “real world” situations in the classrooms. It offers a chance for students to satisfy their natural curiosity through role play. This article describes the development and implementation of a mock trial course at Jacksonville State University.
Cefemandole-aminoglycoside therapy of experimental enterococcal endocarditis

Cephalosporin-aminoglycoside therapy of human enterococcal endocarditis has been associated with a high incidence of clinical failure. The comparative efficacy of three cephalosporin antibiotics (cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin), in combination with gentamicin, was studied in a rabbit model of enterococcal endocarditis. The cefamandole-gentamicin combination produced higher rates of cure, despite the administration of comparatively lower doses. Studies of antibiotic penetration into a fibrin thrombus indicated that cefamandole penetrated the thrombus readily. The greater efficacy of the cefamandole-gentamicin combination may be related to the superior penetration of cefamandole into the fibrin-rich vegetations of endocarditis.
Chemistry of dissolved organic carbon and organic acids in two streams draining forested watersheds

The concentration, major fractions, and contribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to stream chemistry were examined in two paired streams (East and West Bear Brooks) draining upland catchments in eastern Maine. Concentrations of DOC in East and West Bear Brooks were 183 ± 73 and 169 ± 70 μmol C L−1 (mean plus or minus one standard deviation), respectively. Organic acids were the dominant fractions of the stream DOC, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic acids representing 44 and 39% of total DOC (average of both streams), respectively. East and West Bear Brooks had mean organic anion concentrations of about 20 μeq L −1 during episodic events and 12–13 μeq L−1 during base flow. During the episodic events, the maximum organic anion values were 51 and 36 μeq L−1, respectively, for East and West Bear Brooks. Although SO42− was the dominant stream anion, followed by Cl−, organic anions were also determined to be an important component of these stream waters, especially during storm events. This illustrates that even in streams with low DOC, such as those studied here, organic anions can contribute significantly to stream acidity.
Myths about Race and the Underclass Concentrated Poverty and "Underclass" Behaviors

The prevalent view held by both academics and policy makers is that underclass behaviors are predominantly characteristic of African-American communities. Concern about such behaviors has expanded partly because the underclass phenomenon has diffused down the urban hierarchy to small- and medium-sized cities. This article demonstrates that in two areas of concentrated poverty in Columbus, Ohio, so-called underclass behaviors are not associated with race. Data from a study of neighborhood poverty and political participation in those areas are used to show that whites and African-Americans exhibit statistically indistinguishable and substantively similar levels of such behaviors.
The determinants of fertility among Australian Aborigines.

PIP: This paper concerns the determinants of fertility of precontact Australian Aborigine women. Emphasis is placed on social organization as well as the physical environment and considerations of adaptation. The key to understanding the fertility of Australian Aborigines is the structural tension evident in male-female relations. Ethnographic data on hunter-gatherers fertility indicate a low fertility rate, e.g. 4.7-5.2 live births/woman for the Kung. Traditional Aboriginal physiological fertility was also low if infant mortality is separated from infertility. Past studies of population and transition theory in pre-contact situations have attributed increase in population to reduction in mortality. This paper suggests that there must have been an increase in the birth rate. Factors affecting ovulation, conception, and parturition are examined for traditional Aboriginal populations. Ovulation is affected by nutrition, lactation, and introcision. Lack of body fat in women causes anovulation due to insufficent energy reserves. Increased fertility appears to be a greatly reduced energy expenditure and an increased carbohydrate intake leading to a build up of body weight. Pre-contact Aboriginal fertility was low because of a low caloric intake and a high energy expenditure. Prolonged lactation does not seem to cause birth spacing. The actual length of time after parturition appears to be an independent cause of reduced prolactin, and of reestablishment of ovulation. Stress and anxiety are factors which could reduce fertility by causing anovulation in women and/or reduced sperm counts in men. Contraception is affected by coital frequency and male fertility. Aboriginal coital frequency may have been affected by the lack of privacy and competition of a co-wife. Gestation is affected by spontaneous abortion, sterility, and foetal wastage. Harsh conditions of traditional Aborigines may have affected their ability to conceive. Voluntary controls on fertility for Aborigines include rituals, avoidance of coitus, taking medicines, abortion, and infanticide. Low fertility of precontact aborigines is accounted for by diet and energy expenditure, with limited coital frequency and foetal wastage as probable contributing factors. Fallopian tube blockage could account for the high rate of infertility of women. Social organization, values, and beliefs are important to take into account.
A modified finite element model for mesoscale flows over complex terrain

Abstract A three-dimensional non-hydrostatic planetary boundary-layer model for simulating flows over complex terrain has been developed. The spatial discretization is based on cost-effective modifications to the standard finite element technique. Two time integration procedures are considered, a modified explicit Euler scheme and a semi-implicit scheme. Several numerical simulations based on flow over both idealized and real terrain are presented.
Runa: Guardians of the Forest

Runa: Guardians of the Forest (Sachata Huihuac Runa). 1990. Produced by Ellen Speiser and Dominique Irvine. 28 mins, VHS, color. Purchase $575.00 (film); $250.00 (video); rental $45.00 from University of California Extension Media Center, Berkeley, CA 94704 (415/642-0460).
Cellular Entry of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Involves Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the growth factor receptor (GFR) pathway is a crucial metabolic sensor that integrates growth factor signals in cells. We recently showed that human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 exposure activates signaling from GFRs in human keratinocytes. Thus, we predicted that the virus would induce the PI3K/mTOR pathway upon interaction with host cells. We detected activation of Akt and mTOR several minutes following exposure of human keratinocytes to HPV type 16 (HPV16) pseudovirions. Activated mTOR induced phosphorylation of the mTOR complex 1 substrates 4E-BP1 and S6K, which led to induction of the functional protein translational machinery. Blockade of epidermal GFR (EGFR) signaling revealed that each of these events is at least partially dependent upon EGFR activation. Importantly, activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibited autophagy in the early stages of virus-host cell interaction. Biochemical and genetic approaches revealed critical roles for mTOR activation and autophagy suppression in HPV16 early infection events. In summary, the HPV-host cell interaction stimulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibits autophagy, and in combination these events benefit virus infection.
IMPROVED FORMULATION OF LIPOSOME-ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN WITH AN ANIONIC NON-PHOSPHOLIPID

We are developing liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) as an artificial oxygen carrier for resuscitation in indications, such as acute blood loss and surgery. Earlier attempts to formulate a viable LEH met with constraints of scale up and limited hemoglobin content. In this work, we report an LEH formulation containing novel anionic non-phospholipid (CHHDA) that enhances the encapsulation efficiency of hemoglobin inside the liposome bilayer. CHHDA was synthesized from inexpensive ingredients in high yields. The formulation was evaluated in vitro to investigate the cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages and HUVEC endothelial cells in culture by LDH, MTT and hexosaminidase assays. Under optimal conditions of manufacturing, the presence of 28 mol% of CHHDA enhanced the hemoglobin content to over 4 g/dl. The LEH containing CHHDA shows some cytotoxicity in HUVEC and RAW cells in vitro, especially by LDH assay. MTT assay was negative for cytotoxicity in both cells lines. By hexosaminidase assay, the proliferation of RAW cells, but not HUVEC cells, was inhibited. When CHHDA-LEH was incubated with isolated human platelets in vitro, no platelet activation was observed. The LEH formulation with novel anionic lipid and high hemoglobin content reported in this article is an improvement from the past preparations.
Osmotic fragility of desert bighorn sheep red blood cells

Abstract 1. 1. Desert bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis cremnobates , exposed to 5 days dehydration lost 17–22% of their body weight which they were capable of replacing within 1 hr after water was made available. 2. 2. Dehydrated bighorn tolerated a 48% loss of their initial plasma volume. After less than 4 hr postrehydration, more than 50% of the lost plasma volume was replaced. 3. 3. The absorption of water from the postrehydration rumen occurred at moderate rate (1–21/hr) with 13% of the initial postrehydration fluid volume absorbed during the first hr of rehydration. Within 9 hr postrehydration, less than 50% of the imbibed rumen volume remained. 4. 4. The osmotic fragility of the desert bighorn's RBCs improved with increased dehydration. Control values for 50% lysis in hyposmotic saline decreased from 77 mM NaCl to 68 mM Nad after 5 days dehydration. 5. 5. Plasma concentration increased from 304 mOsm/1 to 345 mOsm/1 after dehydration and became regulated to control levels 4hr postrehydration. 6. 6. Red blood cell osmotic concentrations remained constant at an average of 252 mOsm/1 during dehydration, rising to 279 mOsm/11 hr postrehydration and achieved control levels 5 hr postrehydration.
Novel predictor of prognosis from exercise stress testing: heart rate variability response to the exercise treadmill test.

Background Although the prognostic power of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest has been demonstrated, the prognostic potential of exercise-induced HRV has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic power of exercise-induced HRV during and after standard exercise testing. Methods Time- and frequency-domain HRV analysis was performed on R-R interval data taken from 1335 subjects (95% male, mean age 58 years) during the first and last 2 minutes of exercise treadmill testing and the first 2 minutes of recovery. Cox survival analysis was performed for the 53 cardiovascular and 133 all-cause mortality end points that accrued during the 5.0-year mean follow-up. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, greater root mean square successive difference in R-R interval during peak exercise and recovery, greater high-frequency (HF) power and percentage of HF power, lower percentage of low-frequency power, and lower ratio of low frequency to HF during recovery were significantly associated with increased risks for all-cause and cardiovascular death. Of all time-domain variables considered, the log of the root mean square successive difference during recovery was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 5.0, 95% CI 1.5-17.0 for the top quintile compared with the lowest quintile). Log HF power during recovery was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the frequency domain (adjusted hazard ratio 5.9, 95% CI 1.3-25.8 for the top quintile compared with the lowest quintile). Conclusions Exercise-induced HRV variables during and after clinical exercise testing strongly predict both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality independent of clinical factors and exercise responses in our study population.
Impact of dopants on the sulfation, desulfation and NOx reduction performance of Ba-based NOx storage-reduction catalysts

Abstract The performance of a NO x storage-reduction (NSR) catalyst is strongly dependent on the relative stabilities of nitrates and sulfates on the catalyst surface. This effort studies the effects of introducing 5 mol% La, Ca, and K-dopants into a BaO phase of a model Pt/Ba/Al 2 O 3 NSR catalyst. The dopants were chosen with a range of properties to affect the BaO lattice spacing and/or the number of oxygen vacancies. The resulting changes in the storage material, in turn, impact the stability of stored nitrates and sulfates, as measured by NO x conversions and desulfation temperatures. The Ca- and La-doped material shows equivalent or better NO x reduction performance between 200 and 400 °C, while the K-doped NSR catalyst showed significant decreases in performance at 200 °C but maintained the high performance at 300 and 400 °C. Following the performance measurements, the samples are then sulfated to 5.5 mg S/gcat and desulfated to 1000 °C. All NSR catalysts generally show similar desulfation behavior, but in determining the temperature of 20% sulfur removal ( T 20% ), it is shown that the Ca + Ba sample has a 25 °C lower T 20% than both the Ba-only and La + Ba samples, while K + Ba is 70 °C higher. Additional Ca-based samples were than prepared at the 10, 20 and 100 mol% levels. The higher Ca-doped materials show similar NO x reduction performance, but the 5% Ca + Ba sample maintains the lowest T 20% . Interestingly, the Ca-only sample has a T 20% that is 60 °C higher than the Ba-only NSR catalyst, which indicates that the introduction of 5% Ca into the Ba-lattice has a synergistic effect in lowering the desulfation temperature.
Privacy, Anonymity, and Accountability in Ad-Supported Services

In this talk, I will address three aspects of user privacy in advertiser-supported, online services. First, I present the design of a novel browser plug-in that enables anonymous search. Next, I consider economic aspects of user privacy from the point of view of the operator of an advertiser-supported website. Finally, I present recent work on "accountability" in online activity, where the goal is to hold website operators responsible for appropriate handling of users' sensitive information rather than to prevent users from ever providing information that might be misused.
Real-time system support for hybrid structural simulation

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is an important tool in the design and testing of civil and mechanical structures when engineers and scientists wish to understand the performance of an isolated component within the context of a larger structure. Performing full-scale physical experimentation with a large structure can be prohibitively expensive. Instead, a hybrid testing framework connects part of a physical structure within a closed loop (through sensors and actuators) to a numerical simulation of the rest of the structure. If we wish to understand the dynamic response of the combined structure, this testing must be done in real-time, which significantly restricts both the size of the simulation and the rate at which it can be conducted.Adding parallelism to the numerical simulation can enable both larger and higher frequency real-time simulations, potentially increasing both the accuracy and the control stability of the test. We present a proof-of-concept exploration of the execution of real-time hybrid simulations (an exemplar of a more general class of cyber-mechanical systems) with parallel computations. We execute large numerical simulations within tight timing constraints and provide a reasonable assurance of timeliness and usability. We detail the operation of our system, its design features, and show how parallel execution could enable qualitatively better experimentation within the discipline of structural engineering.
World Trade Center Trauma Interventions

Abstract Basic psychotherapy techniques are necessary for trauma intervention, including the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001. The importance of these techniques is reviewed within various settings in the New York City area immediately following the World Trade Center disaster. The purpose included debriefing of practitioners, as well as the education of trauma symptoms and assessment for client intervention. Perhaps most importantly was the therapeutic technique modeled by the social work leader in these vignettes, since she and other practitioners simultaneously experienced symptoms of trauma. The practice of creating and maintaining a therapeutic atmosphere at this time was an essential challenge for all.
Using Social Self-Identification in Social Marketing Materials Aimed at Reducing Violence Against Women on Campus:

Bystander-focused in person sexual violence prevention programs provide an opportunity for skill development among bystanders and for widening the safety net for survivors. A social marketing campaign was designed modeling prosocial bystander behavior and using content familiar to target audience members by staging and casting scenes to look similar to the people and situations that the target audience regularly encounters. We refer to this sense of familiarity as social self-identification. In this exploratory study, we attempt to understand how seeing oneself and one's peer group (e.g., social self-identification) in poster images affects target audience members' (e.g., college students) willingness to intervene as a prosocial bystander. The posters in the social marketing campaign were displayed throughout a midsize northeastern public university campus and neighboring local businesses frequented by students. During the last week of the 4-week poster display, the university's homepage portal featured an advertisement displaying a current model of an iPod offering undergraduate students an opportunity to win the device if they completed a community survey. We found that among students who had seen the posters, those who indicated that the scenes portrayed in the posters looked like situations that were familiar to them were significantly more likely to contemplate taking action in preventing a situation where sexual violence had the potential to occur. Furthermore, students who indicated familiarity with the poster content were more likely to indicate that they had acted in a manner similar to those portrayed in the poster. Future directions based on findings from this exploratory study are discussed.
A Traffic Chaos Reduction Approach for Emergency Scenarios

This paper proposes an efficient chaos-reducing information dissemination approach for spatiotemporal traffic information related to first responders and planned evacuation scenarios using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). VANETs have recently been proposed as one of the promising ad-hoc networking techniques that can be used to provide a safe and enjoyable driving experience. In our approach, we provide an emergency vehicle path clearing technique, and real-time resource (e.g. shelter) availability information. Therefore, traffic confusion and chaos is lowered on evacuation and emergency vehicle routes. Simulation results show that our approach works efficiently without fully relying on any message relaying infrastructure.
Age-related changes in cardiovascular performance in mitral regurgitation: analysis of 61 patients.

Abstract This study examines the cardiovascular performance in relation to age in 61 patients with moderate or severe chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). Coronary artery disease (CAD) (50% or more diameter narrowing of one or more major coronary arteries) was present in 20 patients (33%). Patients p p
Simplified method of estimating the MNS gene frequencies

Summary A simple method of estimating the MNS gene frequencies from six phenotypes has been presented. The arithmetic procedure of estimation has been illustrated by a numerical example (Table 2) and the variance formulas for numerical calculation are given in sT 10. This method is of high efficiency.
Educing Theory from Practice

This chapter explores the discovery of new or enhanced theory within the action research process. Action research is an empirical research method with two purposes: (1) to solve an immediate practical problem, and (2) to develop new scientific knowledge. Action research projects sometimes succeed at the first, but fail at the second. The highly practical nature of action research sometimes leads to results that have little to contribute in terms of new scholarly knowledge. Although a difficult practical problem may have been resolved, academic publications will often reject reports of the results because the theoretical value is trivial. Action research that encounters difficulties in the attempts to employ existing theory in resolving an immediate practical problem is a more promising venue for developing new or enhanced theory. The most valuable venues for action research lie in the intractable problems of practice, problems that existing knowledge cannot seem to fix.
Young Adult Dating Relationships and the Management of Sexual Risk

Young adult involvement in sexual behavior typically occurs within a relationship context, but we know little about the ways in which specific features of romantic relationships influence sexual decision-making. Prior work on sexual risk taking focuses attention on health issues rather than relationship dynamics. We draw on data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n = 475) to examine the association between qualities and dynamics of current/most recent romantic relationships such as communication and emotional processes, conflict, demographic asymmetries, and duration and the management of sexual risk. We conceptualize ‘risk management’ as encompassing multiple domains, including (1) questioning the partner about previous sexual behaviors/risks, (2) using condoms consistently, and (3) maintaining sexual exclusivity within the relationship. We identify distinct patterns of risk management among dating young adults and find that specific qualities and dynamics of these relationships are linked to variations in risk management. Results from this paper suggest the need to consider relational dynamics in efforts to target and influence young adult sexual risk-taking and reduce STIs, including HIV.
Cdc42 Regulates Adherens Junction Stability and Endothelial Permeability by Inducing α-Catenin Interaction With the Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Complex

The endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) consist of trans-oligomers of membrane spanning vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin proteins, which bind beta-catenin through their cytoplasmic domain. beta-Catenin in turn binds alpha-catenin and connects the AJ complex with the actin cytoskeleton. We addressed the in vivo effects of loss of VE-cadherin interactions on lung vascular endothelial permeability and the role of specific Rho GTPase effectors in regulating the increase in permeability induced by AJ destabilization. We used cationic liposomes encapsulating the mutant of VE-cadherin lacking the extracellular domain (DeltaEXD) to interfere with AJ assembly in mouse lung endothelial cells. We observed that lung vascular permeability (quantified as microvessel filtration coefficient [K(f,c)]) was increased 5-fold in lungs expressing DeltaEXD. This did not occur to the same degree on expression of the VE-cadherin mutant, DeltaEXDDeltabeta, lacking the beta-catenin-binding site. The increased vascular permeability was the result of destabilization of VE-cadherin homotypic interaction induced by a shift in the binding of beta-catenin from wild-type VE-cadherin to the expressed DeltaEXD mutant. Because DeltaEXD expression in endothelial cells activated the Rho GTPase Cdc42, we addressed its role in the mechanism of increased endothelial permeability induced by AJ destabilization. Coexpression of dominant-negative Cdc42 (N17Cdc42) prevented the increase in K(f,c) induced by DeltaEXD. This was attributed to inhibition of the association of alpha-catenin with the DeltaEXD-beta-catenin complex. The results demonstrate that Cdc42 regulates AJ permeability by controlling the binding of alpha-catenin with beta-catenin and the consequent interaction of the VE-cadherin/catenin complex with the actin cytoskeleton.
Kinetic studies of the polymerization of nylon-6 block copolymers

The kinetics of the activated anionic polymerization of caprolactam to nylon-6 and its copolymers has been studied. Nylon-6 block copolymer and nylon-6 were prepared at various initial reaction temperatures (140°C to 165°C) by anionic polymerization in an adiabatic dewar flask. Different concentrations of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in 4,4′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI)-capped PEO and 1 mole percent MDI, in a caprolactam solution, were used as the activators with the catalyst, the sodium salt of caprolactam. The kinetics of the reaction were analyzed from an adiabatic temperature rise. A new method was applied to determine the rate parameters. The activation energy, Ea, of nylon-6 and nylon-6 block copolymers were found to be 22 kcal/mole. The collision frequency factor, Ao, steadily decreased and the autocatalytic constant, Bo, decreased to a constant value of 16 with the introduction of PEO. However, it was found that the order of reaction, n, was almost a constant value at the second order for all experiments.
Plastid marker gene excision by the phiC31 phage site-specific recombinase

Marker genes are essential for selective amplification of rare transformed plastid genome copies to obtain genetically stable transplastomic plants. However, the marker gene becomes dispensable when homoplastomic plants are obtained. Here we report excision of plastid marker genes by the phiC31 phage site-specific integrase (Int) that mediates recombination between bacterial (attB) and phage (attP) attachment sites. We tested marker gene excision in a two-step process. First we transformed the tobacco plastid genome with the pCK2 vector in which the spectinomycin resistance (aadA) marker gene is flanked with suitably oriented attB and attP sites. The transformed plastid genomes were stable in the absence of Int. We then transformed the nucleus with a gene encoding a plastid-targeted Int that led to efficient marker gene excision. The aadA marker free Nt-pCK2-Int plants were resistant to phosphinothricin herbicides since the pCK2 plastid vector also carried a bar herbicide resistance gene that, due to the choice of its promoter, causes a yellowish-golden (aurea) phenotype. Int-mediated marker excision reported here is an alternative to the currently used CRE/loxP plastid marker excision system and expands the repertoire of the tools available for the manipulation of the plastid genome.
Hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases and lipid peroxidation

Abstract Recent findings have shown that microsomal membrane lipid peroxidation generates a variety of reactive aldehydic products. The interaction of lipid peroxidation products with hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) was studied using rat liver subcellular fractions. The well-documented membrane peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was studied to determine if ALDH isozymes play a role in metabolism of this aldehyde. The cytosolic and mitochondrial hepatic subcellular fractions were found to contain ALDH isozymes capable of oxidizing MDA. The kinetic properties of a cytosolic ALDH (Km of approximately 16 μM) suggest that this enzyme may be involved in the metabolism of MDA in vivo. Both the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions also contained an ALDH isozyme with Km values in the millimolar range. Addition of the cytosolic fraction of rat liver produced a significant decrease in the accumulation of MDA during CCl4-induced microsomal membrane lipid peroxidation but did not protect cytochrome P-450 from destruction. The mitochandrial low Km ALDH isozyme was found to be a target enzyme for inhibition during in vitro microsomal lipid peroxidation. These studies show that a select ALDH isozyme is sensitive to inhibition during membrane lipid peroxidation whereas other isozymes may be involved in the metabolism of aldehydic peroxidation products.
Biology by design: reduction and synthesis of cellular components and behaviour

Biological research is experiencing an increasing focus on the application of knowledge rather than on its generation. Thanks to the increased understanding of cellular systems and technological advances, biologists are more frequently asking not only ‘how can I understand the structure and behaviour of this biological system?’, but also ‘how can I apply that knowledge to generate novel functions in different biological systems or in other contexts?’ Active pursuit of the latter has nurtured the emergence of synthetic biology. Here, we discuss the motivation behind, and foundational technologies enabling, the development of this nascent field. We examine some early successes and applications while highlighting the challenges involved. Finally, we consider future directions and mention non-scientific considerations that can influence the field's growth.
Integrated Broadband Services and Networks — An Introduction

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the areas of communication and computation technologies. The advances in communication technologies are mostly in the area of transmission and switching devices. These device technologies have substantially outpaced their applications in building communication networks and providing new communication services. In this chapter, we first review some key technologies which will drive the advancement of communication networking. We also examine how the proliferation of new communication services requires an integrated approach to communication networking.
Modern Methods of Arrangement of Archives in the United States

than a half century ago, at the 1910 International Congress of Archivists and Librarians at Brussels, an American representative called for a uuniform method of classification" for national archives. Deploring the lack of "logical classification," he urged the creation of a "scientific system," which, "though modified to suit local conditions," would, "in its application everywhere, retain a general likeness and uniformity."1 The history and current status of the attempt in the United States to develop such a system are the subject of this report.2
Constraints of Tones, Vowels and Consonants on Lexical Selection in Mandarin Chinese

Previous studies have shown that when speakers of European languages are asked to turn nonwords into words by altering either a vowel or consonant, they tend to treat vowels as more mutable than consonants. These results inspired the universal vowel mutability hypothesis: listeners learn to cope with vowel variability because vowel information constrains lexical selection less tightly and allows for more potential candidates than does consonant information. The present study extends the word reconstruction paradigm to Mandarin Chinese--a Sino-Tibetan language, which makes use of lexically contrastive tone. Native speakers listened to word-like nonwords (e.g., su3) and were asked to change them into words by manipulating a single consonant (e.g., tu3), vowel (e.g., si3), or tone (e.g., su4). Additionally, items were presented in a fourth condition in which participants could change any part. The participants' reaction times and responses were recorded. Results revealed that participants responded faster and more accurately in both the free response and the tonal change conditions. Unlike previous reconstruction studies on European languages, where vowels were changed faster and more often than consonants, these results demonstrate that, in Mandarin, changes to vowels and consonants were both overshadowed by changes to tone, which was the preferred modification to the stimulus nonwords, while changes to vowels were the slowest and least accurate. Our findings show that the universal vowel mutability hypothesis is not consistent with a tonal language, that Mandarin tonal information is lower-priority than consonants and vowels and that vowel information most tightly constrains Mandarin lexical access.
Correction of Lower Limb Deformity for Ollier Disease Using the Iiizarov Method -A Case Report-

We performed correction of varus and extention deformities of the femur due to Ollier disease using the Ilizarov method. The patient was a 9-year-old-boy, who underwent angular deformity correction and lengthening of the femur using the Orthofix unilateral fixator when he was 7 years old.We measured the %mechanical axis (%MA), deformity angle of AP, and lateral view on X-ray. Before the correction, the %MA was-13.6% and the angles of the deformities were 24 degrees varus and 25 degrees extension.We performed an open osteotomy and angular correction gradually using the Ilizarov apparatus for 118 days. The result wave satisfactory: the %MA improved to 74.6% and the angle of correction on the lowor limb exceeded by 3 degrees.As the Ilizarov system is bulky, intensive physical therapy proved more difficult than the unilateral system. It was however effective for correcting the three dimensional angular deformity close to the joint in older children.
Synthesis of Fluorophore-Doped Polystyrene Microspheres: Seed Material for Airflow Sensing

Kiton red 620 (KR620) doped polystyrene latex microspheres (PSLs) were synthesized via soap-free emulsion polymerization to be utilized as a relatively nontoxic, fluorescent seed material for airflow characterization experiments. Poly(styrene-co-styrenesulfonate) was used as the PSL matrix to promote KR620 incorporation. Additionally, a bicarbonate buffer and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), polyD, cationic polymer were added to the reaction solution to stabilize the pH and potentially influence the electrostatic interactions between the PSLs and dye molecules. A design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to efficiently investigate the variation of these materials. Using a 4-factor, 2-level response surface design with a center point, a series of experiments were performed to determine the dependence of these factors on particle diameter, diameter size distribution, fluorescent emission intensity, and KR620 retention. Using statistical analysis, the factors and factor interactions that most sign...
Piezoelectric stack energy harvesting with a force amplification frame: Modeling and experiment:

This article presents the modeling and experimental validation of a piezoelectric stack energy harvester with a flexure-free convex force amplification frame to convert walking force into electrici...
The Influence of Cross-Cultural Experiences & Location on Teachers' Perceptions of Cultural Competence.

The increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in academic settings necessitates greater cultural competence on the part of teachers, which in turn necessitates a greater understanding of both the level of cultural competence among teachers and the experiences that enhance cultural competence. Teacher educators and pre- and in-service teachers from two geographic regions in the U.S. completed a cultural competence survey, and their responses were used to construct a cultural competence score. Cultural competence scores were higher in the East location than in the Midwest location, and scores of participants were positively related to the extent of three cross-cultural experiences (speaking a foreign language, having been abroad, and having friends from other cultures). ANCOVA revealed an independent effect for teacher group and cross-cultural experiences, but not for location. The results of this study highlight the the need to improve teacher training in cultural competence and the importance to institutions of higher learning of understanding the cross-cultural experiences typical of the regions from where they draw their students.