cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Born of animal magnetism: 150 years of psycho-physiology.

The historical beginnings of the scientific discipline of psychophysiology are traced back to the first published English definition by Dr. Samuel Adams, M.D.
Role of Clopidogrel in Managing Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease

The available evidence from randomized trials indicates that dual therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin is modestly but significantly more effective than aspirin alone in preventing serious vascular...
Adolescent Peer Networks as a Context for Social and Emotional Support

The findings reported here emerged from a larger study of the social support networks and help-seeking experiences of low-income, Mexican-origin adolescents in San Diego, California. This larger st...
The Yin and Yang of high energy chromodynamics: Scattering in black and white

Abstract We further discuss the QCD reggeon field theory (RFT) as it emerges from the JIMWLK/KLWMIJ evolution equation and beyond. We give an explicit expression for the calculation of scattering amplitude in terms of the eigenstates of the RFT Hamiltonian. We point out that the spectrum of RFT is doubly degenerate, the degeneracy being related to the spontaneous breaking of the dense–dilute duality symmetry of RFT. The degeneracy is between the “almost white” states (the Yang sector) which contain a small number of gluons, and “almost black” states (the Yin sector). The excitations above the Yang vacuum have natural interpretation in terms of gluons. Analogously the excitations above the Yin vacuum have natural interpretation as “holes” in the black disk—points at which an incoming gluon does not scatter with unit probability. We discuss in detail the spectrum of the “parton model approximation” to the KLWMIJ evolution introduced in our previous paper, and prove that it is explicitly selfdual. This allows us to find explicitly the counterpart hole states in this approximation. We also present an argument to the effect that the end point of the evolution for any physical state cannot be a “grey disk” but must necessarily be the “black disk” Yin vacuum state. Finally, we suggest an approximation scheme for including the pomeron loop contribution to the evolution which requires only the solution of the JIMWLK/KLWMIJ Hamiltonian.
Low-Frequency Response Functions of Random Magnetic Systems

The frequencies of long-wavelength spin waves in random magnets are studied through their relation to the static magnetic elastic constants $A$, the domain-wall stiffness, and (for antiferromagnets) ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, the perpendicular susceptibility. We treat the classical limit of large spin and low temperature. In the case of random dilution $A$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ are evaluated numerically as a function of magnetic concentration $p$ for common lattices. Exact analytic results for the static susceptibility, $\ensuremath{\chi}(q)$, where $q$ is the wave vector, are given for some models of disorder in one dimension and, for higher dimensionality, in the limit of low concentrations of vacancies. One general conclusion is that local fluctuations in the spin magnitude significantly affect ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, causing it to diverge for isotropic random systems in two or fewer dimensions. If critical exponents are defined for $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{p}_{c}$ by $A\ensuremath{\sim}{|p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c}|}^{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\sim}{|p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}}$, $P\ensuremath{\sim}{|p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c}|}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, and $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\sim}{|p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}}$, where ${p}_{c}$ is the percolation threshold, $P$ is the percolation probability, and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length, then our numerical results in three dimensions yield $\ensuremath{\sigma}=1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}=0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$. A simple physical argument shows that $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\ge}\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}+(2\ensuremath{-}d)\ensuremath{\nu}$. Our data are consistent with the possibility that this is an equality. Using mean-field-theory values for the exponents in this relation leads to a critical dimensionality ${d}_{c}=6$. We study ${p}_{c}$, $A$, and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ in diluted YIG and mixed garnets and give a detailed discussion of the regime near angular momentum compensation, where a low-frequency optical mode with both $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\propto}q$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\propto}{q}^{2}$ regimes occurs. Our work contradicts the common assumption of a concentration-independent relationship between ${T}_{c}$ and $A$ or $D$, the spin-wave stiffness. We also present nonlinear calculations which allow us to study the dependence of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ on magnetic field. Our calculations agree with the experimental results on diluted KMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ and show that the observed nonlinearity is largely the result of local ferrimagnetic fluctuations. A novel configuration for elastic neutron scattering in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is proposed to permit direct observation of the magnitude and characteristic length scale of these fluctuations.
Development of low-energy proton detector telescopes

Abstract Detector telescopes capable of observing and identifying low-energy protons with energies down to 250 keV in a high radiation environment have been developed. These telescopes employ either one or two gas ΔE detectors followed by a silicon E detector and have been utilized in various beta-delayed proton and beta-delayed two-proton measurements.
Facile synthesis of 1‐nitropyrene‐d9 of high isotopic purity

1-Nitropyrene-d9, 1,3-dinitropyrene-d8, 1,6-dinitropyrene-d8, and 1,8-dinitropyrene-d8, used as internal standards for the determination of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) in simple and complex mixtures, and required for GC/MS measurements used in the certification of NBS Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1596 (a mixture of nitropyrenes), were synthesized in one step from commercially available pyrene-d10 and nitric acid-d1. The electron impact mass spectra and isotopic purity of 1-nitropyrene-d9 and the deuterated dinitropyrenes were determined; the compounds were characterized by gas chromatpgraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Screening computer diskettes and other magnetic media for susceptibility to fungal colonization

Abstract Fungal colonization of magnetic media products (surface attack by presumed fungal degradation of diffusible components of the products) has been tested mostly by Standard G 21-90 of the American Society for Testing and Materials, because the core of the product is polyester plastic. However, these products fail because of interruption in their conductivity rather than from degradation of the plastic. Thus, to emphasize early effects of fungal infestation, the test may need to be modified to use fungi isolated from diskettes, a revised rating scale, and a shorter duration. Suspending spores in water instead of in mineral nutrients minimized inflated test scores. Control samples should be the same type as the test material.
Anorexia nervosa in blacks and hispanics

Anorexia Nervosa (A.N.) was diagnosed in a group of seven black and his- panic female adolescents, constituting 5% of the patients treated for this con- dition during a 12 year period at Children's Hospital National Medical Center (CHNMC). Although A.N. had existed for an average of one year, the correct diagnosis had been establishedprior to coming to CHNMC in only half of the patients. The characteristics of these patients as well as the course of their ill- ness are described and a hypothesis is developed relating to the emergence of A. N. among minorities. Young female members of the Black and Hispanic middle class may develop A.N.: the prevailing stereotype of the white upper middle class victim may conspire against early recognition.
Nonparametric Kernel Regression Estimation-Optimal Choice of Bandwidth

The use of kernel regression estimators is well known in the estimation of regression surfaces. The estimators involve a kernel with bandwidth h(≷0). The choice of h is important since a small h gives an estimator with a large variance, but if a large h is used then the bias is large. he bias is under specific smoothness assumptions, a functional of higher derivatives of the regression curve. Form a nonparametric viewpoint it is therefore desirable to choose the bandwidth in such a way that the variance and the bias are balanced independently of the smoothness of the curve. In this paper it is shown how such an asymptotically optimal h can be found. The construction of such an optimal bandwidth independent of the smoothness of the regression curve gives a positive answer to Question 3 of STONE'S (1982) paper. The proof only requires mild assumptions on the underlying density and the moments of the dependent variable y. An interesting relationship is discovered between the moments ofy and the smoothness of...
Correlation between Charge Inhomogeneities and Structure in Graphene and Other Electronic Crystalline Membranes

Only one atom thick and not inclined to lattice defects, graphene represents the ultimate crystalline membrane. However, its structure reveals unique features not found in other crystalline membranes, in particular the existence of ripples with wavelength of 100-300 Angstroms. Here, I trace the origin of this difference to the free electrons in the membrane. The deformation energy of the lattice creates a coupling between charge fluctuations and the structure, resulting in ripples on the membrane, correlated with charge inhomogeneities. In graphene this mechanism reproduces the experimental result for both charge puddles and ripples.
Effects of liming a red pine forest floor on mycorrhizal numbers and mycorrhizal and soil acid phosphatase activities

Abstract The forest floor of a New England red pine plantation was limed to determine whether this would influence the numbers or types of ectomycorrhizas associated with this host. The potential effect of lime on the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus was examined by determining the surface phosphatase activities of common ectomycorrhizas types, their reaction to pH and soil phosphatase activities. Differences in numbers of viable ectomycorrhizas (ECM) between a control and a limed plot were small relative to the high amount of spatial and seasonal variability over 2 field seasons. Numbers of distinct ECM morphotypes were used to calculate diversity indices. Diversity changed seasonally, with two to five common ECM morphotypes encountered at each date. Liming did not appear to affect diversity of ECM morphological types, however, lime did increase the relative frequency of certain ECM morphotypes. The causes for these shifts are not known. Surface phosphatase activities of ECM morphotypes from both limed and unlimed soil were optimal at pH values of 3.5 and 5.0. Seasonal and liming-related differences were observed for phosphatase activity of individual ECM morphotypes, but these differences were minor compared to differences existing among morphotypes. Liming reduced soil phosphatase activity assayed at pH 5.0 and 7.0 in the 012 horizon. No differences in activity were apparent in the 02 or A 1 horizons, although liming altered the pH of these horizons. The decline in activity paralleled changes in soil water content. Ectomycorrhizas are a significant component of the forest floor in red pine plantations and produce high levels of surface acid phosphatase activity. Lime-induced shifts in ECM morphotypes have the potential to alter the mineralization of organic P and the P nutrition of the host. The extent to which shifts in ECM associates contribute to the observed decrease in the phosphatase activity of the 012 horizon remains to be determined.
Stochastic analysis of retroactivity in transcriptional networks through singular perturbation

The input/output dynamic behavior of a biomolec-ular system is affected by interconnection to other downstream systems through impedance-like effects called retroactivity. In this paper, we study the effects of retroactivity at the interconnection between two transcriptional modules, focusing on stochastic behavior. In particular, we describe the system through the Master equation and develop a singular perturbation theory to obtain a reduced Master equation. We prove that the solution of the original Master equation converges fast to an e neighbor of the solution of the reduced Master equation, in which e is the singular perturbation parameter. Our analysis shows that the upstream system and the downstream one are statistically independent at the steady state. However, the interconnection slows down the dynamics of both the expectation and the variance of the output of the upstream transcriptional module.
The role of onset in the perception of sequentially presented vibrotactile patterns

Interaction between sequentially presented vibrotactile patterns was measured both in a discrimination task and in a temporal masking paradigm. The vibrotactfle patterns were generated on an array of stimulators, 6 columns × 24 rows, in contact with the subjects’ fingertips. As the time between pairs of patterns presented to one fingertip was increased, performance in discriminating whether the two patterns were the same or different improved. When one member of the pair was presented to one finger and the other to a second finger, discrimination performance first declined slightly then improved as temporal separation increased. Performance on pattern recognition in the presence of either a forward or backward masker improved as the temporal separation between the target and masker increased. In both the discrimination and masking measurements, the time between the onsets of the two patterns (stimulus onset asynchrony) was found to be the best measure of interaction between the sequentially presented patterns. The implications of these findings for vibrotactile pattern processing are discussed.
Aligning Incentives in Health Care: Physician Practice and Health System Partnership

Background The key to successfully aligning hospitals and physicians is financial integration and joint incentives for academic, quality, and clinical productivity. Many physician practices and health systems are moving toward closer integration, but mainly through consolidation and employment strategies.
The bloom-forming ciliate Mesodinium rubrum harbours a single permanent endosymbiont

Abstract Whether the red tide Mesodinium rubrum contains a permanent cryptophyte symbiont or whether it only sequesters chloroplasts from cryptophyte prey was addressed using electron microscopy and the dynamics of photosynthesis, chloroplasts and nuclei. Mesodinium rubrum contains a branched cryptophyte symbiont consisting of many chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleomorphs, an endoplasmic reticulum and one nucleus. The volume of the symbiont constitutes 36% of the consortium and it is separated from its host by a single-cell membrane. The chloroplasts of Mesodium are larger and morphologically different from two Teleaulax species that served as prey. The symbiont nucleus is also much larger than Teleaulax nuclei. Although M. rubrum is functionally a phototroph, sustained growth beyond two to four generations requires ingestion of prey, but less than one prey cell per generation suffices for maximum growth. This suggests that either the ciliate or its symbiont needs an essential growth factor for continuous...
A millimeter-wave dual-band dual-polarization antenna on liquid crystal polymer

This paper reports a new millimeter-wave concurrent dual-band dual-polarization antenna on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for an active imaging radar sensor. The frequency diversity offered by the proposed concurrent dual-band dual-linearly polarized antenna as part of a concurrent dual-band transceiver enables an extended target recognition for a better imaging. The compact antenna presented in this paper demonstrates 250 MHz of bandwidths centered at 24.5 and 35 GHz. The calculated antenna gain are 1.4 and 2.7 dBi at 24.5 and 35 GHz, respectively, while showing the front-to-back ratio better than 20 dB at both frequency bands. The isolation between the vertical- and horizontal- polarization remain more than 25 dB over the desired bandwidths.
Quality improvement process in the adherence to gastric decontamination guidelines for poison exposures as recommended by a poison control center.

PURPOSE Adherence to new guidelines for the use of ipecac syrup, gastric lavage, cathartics, and activated charcoal by a poison control center was studied with a quality improvement framework. METHODS The rates of gastric decontamination were monitored through an electronic case record system. In February 2002, a revised guideline that narrowed the use of gastric decontamination was implemented with a performance improvement process. The rates of recommendation and utilization during 12 months following implementation of the new guidelines were compared with those during 12 previous months. RESULTS Recommendations for the use of ipecac syrup declined from 1.50% to 0.02% (OR; 95% CI = 0.02; 0.01, 0.03), single-dose-activated charcoal declined from 5.39% to 1.38% (0.25; 0.22, 0.28), gastric lavage declined from 4.19% to 0.22% (0.05; 0.04, 0.06), and a cathartic declined from 1.48% to 0.13% (0.08; 0.06, 0.12). Declines in utilization were also significant (P < .001) for all forms of gastric decontamination. The proportions of patients managed at the scene of the poisoning were unchanged (1.04; 0.99, 1.09) before (67.64%) and after (68.50%) the new guidelines as were those for referral to a health care facility (20.57% and 21.42%, respectively, 1.05; 1.00, 1.11). CONCLUSION Recommendations on gastric decontamination can be effectively modified with no detriment to patient outcome.
Kinematic design of tone-arm articulation for minimum tracking error in automatic turntables

Abstract The kinematic principles involved in tracking-error elimination in automatic turntables are described. Following a discussion of conventionally pivoted designs, a procedure is developed for the kinematic synthesis of an articulated tone-arm system (Garrard Zero 100), in which essentially true-tangent tracking is achieved throughout the playing of the record. The synthesis problem is formulated as the approximation of cardanic motion or slider-crank connecting-rod motion by means of four-bar motion over a finite range of displacements. The results, which are compared to the Garrard design, show that tracking error can be reduced to approximately 20 sec of arc.
Golden hamster pancreatic islets: a tissue rich in monoamine oxidase.

We compared the steady state monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity of collagenase-isolated pancreatic islets of the golden hamster with the steady state MAO activity of liver, kidney, median eminence, pituitary, acinar pancreas, and cerebral cortex. The MAO activity of the islets (5384 ± 412 pmol/mg protein -min) was 3-fold greater than the activity of the next highest tissue (liver) and 12.5 times greater than the activity of the acinar pancreas. This high MAO activity was not due to collagenase exposure. The islet MAO was mainly of the so-called type B, although there was also some type A activity in this tissue. By assaying the formation of new islet MAO after the irreversible activation of MAO by the MAO inhibitor pargyline, we found that the t½ of islet MAO (5.9 days with 95% confidence limits of 4.1–10.5 days) did not differ from the t½ of MAO in tissues with lower steady state MAO activities. This suggested that the high steady state MAO activity in golden hamster islets is due to a high rate of synthes...
Ruthenium Red Modifies the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Ca2+ Release Channels (Ryanodine Receptors) by Multiple Mechanisms

The effects of ruthenium red (RR) on the skeletal and cardiac muscle ryanodine receptors (RyRs) were studied in vesicle-Ca(2+) flux, [(3)H]ryanodine binding, and single channel measurements. In vesicle-Ca(2+) flux measurements, RR was more effective in inhibiting RyRs at 0.2 microM than 20 microM free Ca(2+). [(3)H]Ryanodine binding measurements suggested noncompetitive interactions between RR inhibition and Ca(2+) regulatory sites of RyRs. In symmetric 0.25 M KCl with 10-20 microM cytosolic Ca(2+), cytosolic RR decreased single channel activities at positive and negative holding potentials. In close to fully activated skeletal (20 microM Ca(2+) + 2 mM ATP) and cardiac (200 microM Ca(2+)) RyRs, cytosolic RR induced a predominant subconductance at a positive but not negative holding potential. Lumenal RR induced a major subconductance in cardiac RyR at negative but not positive holding potentials and several subconductances in skeletal RyR. The RR-related subconductances of cardiac RyR showed a nonlinear voltage dependence, and more than one RR molecule appeared to be involved in their formation. Cytosolic and lumenal RR also induced subconductances in Ca(2+)-conducting skeletal and cardiac RyRs recorded at 0 mV holding potential. These results suggest that RR inhibits RyRs and induces subconductances by binding to cytosolic and lumenal sites of skeletal and cardiac RyRs.
Ecosystem Management on Public Lands: An Application of Optimal Externality to Timber Production

Abstract While there are increasing numbers of non-consumptive forest uses on public lands, some silvicultural management systems provide little flexibility for the realization of non-commodity values. Traditional economic decision-making tools, such as net present value, are often applied in a manner which inadequately accounts for the full value of the resource. As a result, sub-optimal management practices are often implemented. By applying a marginal analysis of the optimal externality of different silvicultural systems, it is possible to identify the optimal timber management strategy in terms of the total costs of the timber harvest under alternative uses. Although difficulties arise in valuing non-consumptive uses, contingent valuation with averting costs estimates can establish a lower bound on society's willingness to pay for foregone timber harvesting. Low impact harvest operations and “new forestry” techniques, such as selection harvest cuts, are helpful in reducing the external costs of timber cutting. Therefore, the implementation of such systems may actually increase the socially optimal area of public lands to be harvested under a multiple-use designation.
Influence of Guided Cycles of Planning, Teaching, and Reflection on Prospective Elementary Teachers' Science Content Representations

This study examined changes in the science content representations of two prospective elementary teachers during their first year in an experimental teacher preparation program. Qualitative case study design guided data collection, organization, and analysis. Multiple forms of data, including audiotaped interviews, written documents, and videotaped teaching episodes, were collected across two complete cycles of planning, teaching, and reflection. Data on prospective teachers' content representations were analyzed for their accuracy, sequencing, and connectedness, as well as their attention to the needs of learners. Improvements in content representations were noted within each component of the cycles and across semesters. These changes appear to be closely related to prospective teachers' developing understanding of learners. Findings suggest that opportunities to engage in cycles of instruction guided by structured considerations for content representation contributed to the noted improvements. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 318–339, 2000.
A de Novo Designed Peptide Ligase: A Mechanistic Investigation

A 33-residue de novo designed peptide ligase is reported which catalyzes the template-directed condensation of suitably activated short peptides with catalytic efficiencies in excess of 105 ([kcat/Km]/kuncat). The ligase peptide, derived from natural and designed α-helical coiled-coil proteins, presents a surface for substrate assembly via formation of a hydrophobic core at the peptide interface. Charged residues flanking the core provide additional binding specificity through electrostatic complementarity. Addition of the template to an equimolar fragment solution results in up to 4100-fold increases in initial reaction rates. Dramatic decreases in efficiency upon mutation of charged residues or increase in ionic strength establishes the importance of electrostatic recognition to ligase efficiency. Although most of the increase in reaction efficiency is due to entropic gain from binding of substrates in close proximity, mechanistic studies with altered substrates demonstrate that the system is highly sen...
Probability of identification comparison for targets in the visible, illuminated shortwave infrared, and longwave infrared spectra

This research describes a comparison of target identification performance between targets in the longwave infrared, illuminated shortwave infrared and visible spectral bands. Increasing levels of Gaussian blur were applied to eight varying aspects of twelve targets in the longwave infrared, illuminated shortwave infrared and visible spectra. A double-blind experiment was conducted with the first group of observers trained to identify all the targets using longwave infrared imagery and the second group trained to identify all the targets using visible imagery. Results of the first group's visible identification scores and the second group's longwave identification scores were compared to their results for illuminated shortwave infrared identification scores. In both cases, the illuminated shortwave infrared identification scores fell below the untrained visible or longwave infrared counterpart.
Future Dangerousness Revisited

One rationale used in the imposition of capital punishment is the potential future dangerousness of the most serious offenders. Most research in this area has focused on the postcommutation and postrelease behavior of formerly condemned offenders and found that the majority of them did not pose significant danger risks. The current study examined the prison infraction records of 1,005 Arizona inmates serving determinate, life, or death sentences. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models indicated that inmates sentenced to death were more dangerous than noncondemned inmates were. This effect achieved modest statistical significance and withstood controls for demographic characteristics, offense severity and type, criminal history, and diagnostic measures. Overall, these findings suggest that condemned defendants may be more dangerous than others, a statement sharply discordant with the extant literature regarding the future dangerousness of capital defendants. Additional research employing differe...
Measurement of Distance in General Relativity

An instrinsic geometrical definition of distance is presented in terms of the geodesic deviation of null rays. This definition is applied to the Schwarzschild solution and the homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solutions of the Einstein field equations. In the former case the distance is proportional to the radial coordinate of the standard metric and in the latter case it yields the usual cosmological distance. However, since the geodesic deviation is a scalar, the results are independent of the particular metric used. The relationship of this definition to observation is discussed and it is concluded that it agrees with the astronomical definition of luminosity distance.
Remanent magnetism of the Twin Sisters Dunite Intrusion and implications for the tectonics of the western Cordillera

Abstract The Twin Sisters Dunite Intrusion has a homogeneous remanent magnetization directed nearly due east and inclined about 60° below the horizontal. It was emplaced in the Early Tertiary as a solid intrusion, but probably was above its Curie temperature at the time and so became magnetized substantially in situ. If so, it must have undergone considerable tectonic disturbance subsequent to emplacement and magnetization, including an important component of clockwise rotation. Examination of paleomagnetic data for the westernmost Cordillera shows that an abnormal number of rock bodies have discordant directions of remanent magnetization, mostly clockwise rotations of declination, flattened inclinations, or both. This sense of discordance in turn suggests that the western margin of the North American plate may have been deformed intermittently by right-lateral shear for at least some few tens of millions of years.
Photopolymerization of acrylate suspensions with visible dyes

Abstract Polymerization behavior of silica loaded diacrylate suspensions in the presence of color changing dyes was studied via cure depth measurements and photorheology. The dyes have their maximum absorption peak in the visible range; however, spectrophotometry revealed significant absorption also in the UV range where the photoinitiators are active. Thus, the dyes behave as other inert dyes and they affect the curing behavior. The effect of the dye concentration on the sensitivity Dp, critical energy dose Ec and time parameters determined via photorheology was studied and the data was fit to theoretical models. The measured values of 1/Dp, Ec and the photorheology time parameters linearly increase with increasing dye concentration cD as predicted by the models.
Work organization interventions: state of knowledge and future directions

Changes taking place in the modern workplace, such as more flexible and lean production technologies, flatter management structures, and nontraditional employment practices fundamentally alter work organization factors and raise concerns about potentially negative influences on worker health and safety. These changes raise concerns about adverse effects on worker safety and health and call attention to the need for interventions to counter these effects. This forum article provides an overview of work organization intervention research, highlights gaps in the research literature, and sets forth an agenda for future intervention research. Research to date has focused primarily on individual-level interventions, with far less attention to interventions at the legislative/policy level, employer/ organization level, and job/task level. Future research is recommended to establish the effectiveness of work organization interventions using improved methodological designs and giving increased attention to the circumstances within organizations that promote the adoption of such interventions.
INHIBITION OF MOUSE TUMOR TRANSPLANTS BY POLYOMA VIRUS INOCULATION.

Abstract Polyoma virus inoculation of adult DBA 1 mice conferred resistance against two nonpolyoma-induced transplantable isologous tumors as well as a polyoma-induced parotid tumor. The basis for this cross resistance was not established.
Interactional Influence of Ability Perception and Task Demand on Cardiovascular Response: Appetitive Effects at Three Levels of Challenge1

Participants received feedback that they had low ability (n= 16) or moderate ability (n= 17) on a memory task and were given the chance to attain more and less challenging performance standards in subsequent work periods. Myocardial contractility and stroke volume responses were in an interactional pattern reflecting (a) a positive relationship between demand and heart performance for moderate ability participants in contrast with a nonmonotonic relationship between demand and heart performance for low ability participants and (b) stronger heart performance for the low ability group than for the moderate ability group when the standard was low and moderate, but the reverse of that when the standard was high. Blood pressure responses were similar, although systolic responses provided no evidence of a reversed perceived-ability/cardiovascular-response relationship when demand was high.
Report on 2011 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications and 2011 IEEE AP-S Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications

The 13th edition of the International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), and the first edition of the IEEE AP-S Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (IEEE APWC), were held at Torino, Italy, September 12–16,2011. ICEAA has the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, the Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, and the Torino Wireless Foundation as principal cosponsors. Other technical cosponsors of this edition of ICEAA 2011 were the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the IEEE ED and MTT Societies, the IEEE Italy Section, and the IEEE North Italy AP, ED and MTT Joint Chapter. IEEE APWC was the first conference of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society held outside the North American continent. Following the memorandum of understanding between ICEAA and IEEE AP-S finalized in September 2010 at Sydney, Australia, the two conferences shared a common registration, organizing and scientific committees, venue, reception, and banquet, and social events.
Imaging genetics of brain longevity and mental wellness: The next frontier?

The advent of new “omics” technologies (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) has ushered in a new era of biomedical discovery that is already affecting every field of medicine. With the rapid growth of the older population worldwide, there is great interest in applying these technologies not only to diagnose and prevent disease, but also to enhance brain longevity and mental wellness. Nearly two-thirds of the approximately 30 000 genes in the human genome are related to brain function, and up to half of the variance in age-related changes in cognition, brain volume, and neuronal function appears to be genetically determined. Selected examples will be used to illustrate how neuroimaging is being employed to study the effects of genes and how neurogenetics may affect future radiology research and practice. © RSNA, 2008
Management of Status Epilepticus in Neurological Versus Medical Intensive Care Unit: Does it Matter?

Background Admission of patients with status epilepticus (SE) to the neurosciences intensive care unit (NICU) may improve management and outcomes compared to general ICUs.
Exploiting persistent mappings in cross-domain analogical learning of physical domains

Cross-domain analogies are a powerful method for learning new domains. This paper extends the Domain Transfer via Analogy (DTA) method with persistent mappings, correspondences between domains that are incrementally built up as a cognitive system gains experience with a new domain. DTA uses analogies between pairs of textbook example problems, or worked solutions, to create a domain mapping between a familiar and a new domain. This mapping enables the initialization of a new domain theory. Another analogy is then made between the domain theories themselves, providing additional conjectures about the new domain. After these conjectures are verified, the successful mappings are stored as persistent mappings to constrain future analogies between the domains. We show that DTA plus persistent mappings enables a Companion, the first structure mapping cognitive architecture, to learn the equation schemas and control knowledge necessary to solve problems in three domains (rotational mechanics, electricity, and heat) by analogy with linear mechanics. We provide a detailed analysis categorizing transfer failures. As with people, the most difficult step in cross-domain analogy is identifying an appropriate example. Once an analogous example has been found, DTA successfully transfers the domain knowledge necessary to solve the problem in the new domain 78% of the time. Furthermore, we illustrate how persistent mappings assist in retrieval of analogous examples and overcoming two types of mapping failures.
Constitutive Modeling and Rupture Predictions of Al-6061-T6 Tubes Under Biaxial Loading Paths

This brief note reports the results of a set of biaxial experiments on Al-6061-T6 tubes tested to rupture under radial stress paths of combined internal pressure and axial load. The experiments are then simulated with shell-type finite element models, in which several yield functions are calibrated and implemented and their performance evaluated against the experimental results.
Examination of Silk Fibers from a Deep Ocean Site: SEM, EDS, & DSC

The research reported herein is directed toward the determination of the microstructure of silk fibers recovered from the shipwreck site of the S.S. Central America . The structural data obtained from examination of these silk materials using SEM, EDS, and DSC was compared to data obtained from the examination of historic silk fibers (ca. 1860–1880) not exposed to the deep-ocean and of modern silk fibers. Marine silks appear more degraded than historic and modern silk when viewed under the SEM and the fiber surfaces are partially obscured by inorganic deposits. The melting endotherm of marine, historic, and modern silk fibers are comparable to each other, but the glass transition observed in the modern silk is not apparent in the DSC trace of any of the marine silks.
Timing of default from tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review

results The selected studies comprised randomized controlled trials, retrospective record reviews, and qualitative assessments and spanned 10 countries. Both directly observed treatment (DOT) and non-DOT programs were represented. Thus results were highly heterogeneous and not statistically aggregated. Data suggest, but do not conclude, that the majority of defaulters across the studies completed the 2-month intensive phase of treatment. conclusions There is insufficient high-quality comparable information on the timing of default from TB treatment to permit any firm conclusions on trends in default. However, a substantial proportion of defaulters appear to leave treatment in the later stages of the current 6-month regimen, suggesting that new TB chemotherapeutic agents which can reduce the length of treatment have the potential to improve global TB treatment success rates.
Neurofibromatosis in children.

The clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis in childhood will usually be based on the presence of numerous cafe-au-lait spots. Early diagnosis allows for continuing follow-up and appropriate counselling. Symptomatic therapy can be provided if necessary. The disorder has a tendency via its mesodermal route to affect almost every system in the body; however, few laymen have even heard of the disorder and, except for the "Elephant Man" notoriety, are totally unaware of it, whereas muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and Down syndrome although occurring less frequently are well known to the general public. The management of neurofibromatosis in children covers an extremely wide spectrum: at times the management appears to be simple, involving little more than clinical evaluation and simple investigations. However, in view of the protean manifestations of the condition, a complete history including family history is obligatory, and investigation must include radiographic studies of the abdomen, chest, spine, and skull, the latter to include special views of the orbits and optic foramina. My investigation of this disorder has been extremely frustrating because of the progressive character of the disease. Nothing seems to alter the natural course of the disease. I cannot say that my investigative efforts have revealed any breakthroughs in treatment. An aggressive surgical approach to the myriad of lesions associated with this disease, especially neuromata or segmental problems, is probably advisable. The early treatment of tibial pseudarthrosis by polyprophylene orthotic and pulsating electromagnetic fields shows encouraging results over the short course, although I am not so sure as to whether or not the patients would do as well with the custom fit orthotic with or without the electronics. Early stabilization of spinal deformity has proven to be more than moderately successful and is strongly recommended following appropriate intraspinal evaluation. The management of tumors of the brain and spinal cord, as well as those associated with limb hypertrophy and congenital tibial pseudarthrosis, is undergoing innovations at this time which may result in a better cure rate. Procedures include the use of CT to evaluate tumors [Coleman et al. have attempted to differentiate neurofibromas from neurofibrosarcoma by contrast enhancement methods], the use of CO2 lasers to remove previously inoperable CNS tumors, microvascular bone transplantation and pulsating electromagnetic field to treat pseudarthrotic bones.4+he National
Design of a Novel Electrically Conducting Biocompatible Polymer with Degradable Linkages for Biomedical Applications

Upon the discovery of the first conducting polymer in 1976, the replacement of metal-based semiconductors in many applications with conducting polymers was inevitable. Perhaps more surprisingly these materials showed promise in many biomedical applications. The finding that electrical fields and charges modulate shape, size, and proliferation of a number of cell types including nerve and bone, has prompted biomedical engineers to focus on the development of conducting polymer scaffolds for tissue regeneration and neural probes. A number of polymers have been studied for these applications, including polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene, and polyaniline. One serious limitation to the use of conducting polymers in biological systems is their inability to degrade. Therefore, it has been proposed to design and synthesize a biocompatible, biodegradable, semiconducting polymer, which could broaden the scope of applications for conducting polymers. For instance, these unique polymers could potentially be implemented in temporary tissue and neural scaffolds, drug delivery, short-term electrodes, and tethers between nanotubes. Therefore, the goal of this investigation is to synthesize a polymer that is degradable, while maintaining conductivity. Initially, the incorporation of pyrrole oligomers into a biodegradable polymer was attempted; however, to overcome difficulties associated with the instability of these oligopyrroles, a novel polymer design has been proposed which incorporates thiophene oligomers. Oligothiophenes (OTs) are apt to be more conductive than oligopyrroles due to a smaller band gap between the valence and conductance bands. Additionally, OTs share many of the advantageous properties of oligopyrroles, including cell compatibility, but are more stable. The proposed novel co-polymer consists of quaterthiophene oligomers tethered together by aliphatic ester linkages, which would potentially render the co-polymer conductive by means of inter and intra chain oligo overlap and degradable via cleavage of the ester bond by esterases in the body. The synthesis of the novel copolymer, poly-dialcohol dimethyl quaterthiophene-co-adipic acid (PAMQAA) has been completed successfully and corroborated by NMR and MALDI. Initial characterization indicates PAMQAA has the following properties: Mw = 11,240-64,080 g/mol, PI = 1.2-1.4, degradation temperature = ∼160°C. Currently PAMQAA is being characterized to assess its Tg, Tm, conductivity, degradability, and biocompatability. Polymer modifications could allow further optimization of properties, such as the rate of degradation and conductivity, to target better the application of interest.
Effect of MIMO wireless channels on TCP

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems that employ multiple transmit and receive antennas can provide very high-rate data transmissions without increase in bandwidth or transmit power. For this reason MIMO technologies are considered as a key ingredient in the next generation wireless systems, where provision of reliable data services for TCP/IP applications such as wireless multimedia or Internet is of extreme importance. However, while the performance of TCP has been extensively studied over different wireless links, little attention has been paid to the impact of MIMO systems on TCP. This paper provides an investigation on the performance of modern TCP systems when used over wireless channels that employ MIMO technologies. In particular we focus on two representative categories of MIMO systems, namely the BLAST systems and the space-time block coding (STBC) systems, and how the ARQ and packet combining techniques impact on the overall TCP performance. We also study the effect of antenna correlation on the TCP throughput under various conditions.
Characteristics of lithium-ion-conducting composite polymer-glass secondary cell electrolytes

A family of lithium-ion-conducting composite polymer-glass electrolytes containing the glass composition 14Li2O–9Al2O3–38TiO2– 39P2O5 (abbreviated as (LiAlTiP)xOy) with high ionic conductivity, an excellent electrochemical stability range, and high compatibility with lithium insertion anodes is described. An optimized composition has a room temperature conductivity of 1:7 � 10 � 4 Sc m � 1 ,a n Li þ transference number of 0.39, and an electrochemical stability window to þ5.1 V versus Li/Li þ . It also has good interfacial stability under both open-circuit and lithium metal plating–stripping conditions and provides good shelf-life. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Improved Online Identification of a DC–DC Converter and Its Control Loop Gain Using Cross-Correlation Methods

Recent progress in the identification of switching power converters using an all-digital controller has granted network analyzer functionality to the control platform. In particular, the cross-correlation technique provides a nonparametric identification of a converter's small-signal control-to-output frequency response. The literature shows the viability of this technique as well as a few improvements to the basic technique. This online network analyzer functionality allows new flexibility in the areas of online monitoring and adaptive control. In this paper, several improvements to the cross-correlation method of system identification are proposed that aim to further improve the accuracy of the frequency response identification, particularly at high frequencies near the desired closed-loop bandwidth frequency. Additionally, an extension to the cross-correlation method is proposed that allows measurement of the control loop gain without ever opening the feedback loop. Thus, performance and stability margins may be evaluated while maintaining tight regulation of the output. Simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the proposed improvements and extension.
Dynamic noise margin: definitions and model

Dynamic noise analysis is greatly needed in place of traditional static noise analysis due to the ever increasingly stringent design requirement for VLSI chips based on very deep submicron process technology. In this paper, we propose complete and self-consistent dynamic noise margin definitions to reduce the pessimism of conventional static noise margin based noise analysis. A simple and accurate dynamic noise margin model is then developed based on a new figure of merit, which is the ratio between the input noise duration and the sum of gate load capacitance and gate intrinsic capacitance. An efficient dynamic noise margin based noise analysis method is presented.