cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tool use for food acquisition in a wild mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei)

On May 14, 2013, a wild, human-habituated, juvenile female mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda was observed utilizing a tool to acquire food. The young gorilla watched an adult male use his hand to collect ants from a hole in the ground, and then quickly withdrew his hand and move away from the hole, shaking his arm to presumably remove biting ants. The juvenile female engaged in similar behavior, withdrawing her hand covered in ants, and shaking her arm vigorously. She then selected a piece of wood approximately 20 cm long and 2 cm wide at one end, 1 cm wide at the other, and proceeded to insert the stick into the hole, withdraw the stick, and then lick ants off of the stick. In contrast to the sizeable body of literature on tool use in wild chimpanzees, this is the first report of tool use for food acquisition by a wild gorilla. Am. J. Primatol. 77:353–357, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ?Thin Films in High Oxygen Partial Pressures

Pulsed laser deposition of Yba2Cu3O7-δ?(YBCO) coated conductors was studied for the range of P(O2) from 120 mTorr to 1200 mTorr, higher than typically used oxygen partial pressures during deposition. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the sensitivity of YBCO film quality to varying P(O2) for scaled-up fabrication of long-length coated conductors. Deposition at high P(O2) (≥?400 mTorr) gave very high and more consistent critical temperatures (Tc ≈?92 ±?0.4 °K) than results obtained at lower oxygen partial pressures (≤?200 mTorr) as determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Typically, the lower partial pressures are used although the laser fluence used in this research (3.2 J/cm2) is higher than typical. Transport Jc's were consistantly high for a wide range of oxygen pressures, 5–8 ×?106 A/cm2 at 77 K, self-field for P(O2) = 200–1200 mTorr. These results indicate that pulsed laser deposition of YBCO is relatively insensitive to P(O2) at the higher pressures of oxygen considered.
A constant-factor approximately optimal solution to the Witsenhausen counterexample

Despite its simplicity (two controllers and otherwise LQG), Witsenhausen's counterexample is one of the long-standing open problems in stochastic distributed control. Recently, it was proved that an asymptotic vector “relaxation” can be solved to within a constant factor of the optimal cost. A parallel result is shown here for the original scalar problem. Between linear strategies and explicit-signalling-based nonlinear strategies, the optimal performance can be obtained to within a constant factor that is uniformly bounded regardless of the problem parameters. The key contribution is a new lower bound that is much tighter thanWitsenhausen's bound for some parameter values.
Canonical Type I IFN Signaling in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macrophages Is Disrupted by Astrocyte-Secreted CCL2

HIV-associated neurologic disorders are a mounting problem despite the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. To address mechanisms of HIV-associated neurologic disorders, we used an SIV pigtailed macaque model to study innate immune responses in brain that suppress viral replication during acute infection. We previously reported that during acute infection in brain, noncanonical type I IFN signaling occurs, where IFN-β mRNA is induced while IFN-α is simultaneously suppressed. Two downstream IFN-stimulated genes, MxA and TRAIL, also show differential expression patterns. In this study, we show that differential signaling is due to interactions between macrophages and astrocytes. Astrocytes produce high levels of CCL2 upon SIV infection, which binds to CCR2 receptors on macrophages, leading to a selective suppression of IFN-α and the IFN-stimulated gene TRAIL while simultaneously inducing IFN-β and MxA. The interactions between chemokine and cytokine pathways are a novel finding that may specifically occur in the CNS.
The Development of an Instrument to Measure the Effects of a Parent's Chronic Illness on Parenting Tasks

An instrument was developed to assess the impact of chronic illness on the performance of parenting tasks (e.g., lifting, feeding, transporting, etc.). Little research on the affect of illness in general on the performance of parenting tasks is in the literature. Mothers with narcolepsy (n = 20) were used as the sample for this pilot study along with a comparison of mothers without a chronic illness (n = 20). Mothers were matched by the age and sex of the oldest child. The age groups of childhood and adolescence from the Parenting Tasks Index (PTI) were used in this study. Good reliability and validity were found in the use of this instrument. Over 50% of the mothers with narcolepsy indicated many parenting tasks (e.g., assigning the child chores, disciplining, and performing household chores) that posed moderate to severe difficulty for them. Pediatric nurses will find this instrument useful in planning individualized interventions related to identified difficult parenting tasks and in furthering researc...
Categorical perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese bilinguals

Categorical perception of a synthetic /r/-/l/ continuum was investigated with Japanese bilinguals at two levels of English language experience. The inexperienced Japanese group, referred to as Not-experienced, had had little or no previous training in English conversation. The Experienced Japanese group had had intensive training in English conversation by native American-English speakers. The tasks used were absolute identification, AXB discrimination, and oddity discrimination. Results showed classic Categorical perception by an American-English control group. The Not-experienced Japanese showed near-chance performance on all tasks, with performance no better for stimuli that straddled the /r/-/l/ boundary than for stimuli that fell in either category. The Experienced Japanese group, however, perceived /r/ and /l/ categorically. Their identification performance did not differ from the American-English controls, but their overall performance levels on the discrimination tests were somewhat lower than for the Americans. We conclude that native Japanese adults learning English as a second language are capable of Categorical perception of /r/ and /l/. Implications for perceptual training of phonemic contrasts are discussed.
Projected mean curvature smoothing for vector-valued imagery

In this note, we formulate a general modified mean curvature based equation for image smoothing and enhancement. The key idea is to consider the image as a graph in some R/sup n/, and apply a mean curvature type motion to the graph. We consider some special cases relevant to greyscale and color images.
Leveraging Social Capital Among Organizations to Secure Employment for Welfare Clients

ABSTRACT This article presents the use of social capital to find solutions to multiple barriers of vulnerable populations seeking employment. A description of the Working to Unite Families Project (WtUF) illustrates how an infrastructure committee (IC) leveraged social capital to increase employability of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) participants. The authors analyze qualitative data from 25 respondents to study the use of social capital and employment of TANF participants and the resulting policy recommendations. The findings suggest that social service executives leveraged social capital through partnerships that fostered trust, reciprocity and collaboration within the project and optimized the opportunities for the “hard to employ.” Policy recommendations emerged for the institutionalization of a coordinated networking system to navigate and access resources for future projects.
Post-Hunton: Reclaiming Our Integrity and Literature

ABSTRACT: A Bentley University investigation of allegations of data fabrication by Jim Hunton concludes that “[t]he whole body of Dr. Hunton's extensive research while a faculty member at Bentley University must now be considered suspect” (Malone 2014, 5). Jim served as president of the Information Systems (IS) Section of the American Accounting Association (AAA) in 2002–2003, and is the most cited author in the Journal of Information Systems (JIS) (Guffey and Harp 2013). This essay is a personal reflection on, with proposed lessons for the AIS community from, the Hunton fraud. These include developing skepticism, recognizing the limited usefulness of Cressey's fraud “stump” (formerly triangle), noting the dysfunctional implications of agency theory, and adopting contemplative practices designed to increase observational awareness.
First- and Second-Order Conservative Remapping Schemes for Grids in Spherical Coordinates

Coupling atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface models requires a means for remapping fields between grids in an accurate and conservative manner. A method is described here for computing interpolation weights for first- and second-order conservative remappings. The method is completely general and can be used for any grid on a sphere.
Angioedema Due to Losartan

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of angioedema associated with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan.CASE SUMMARY:A 62-year-old African-American woman was admitted to the hospital for acute renal failure and uncontrolled hypertension. After attempting blood pressure control with three different agents, captopril was combined with metoprolol. The patient noted swelling of the lips combined with shortness of breath after four days of captopril. Losartan was substituted for captopril, which then produced similar swelling of the lips (without shortness of breath) after only one dose. These symptoms resolved after discontinuation of losartan and administration of antihistamines.DISCUSSION:Losartan, like other angiotensin II receptor antagonists, blocks the action of angiotensin II at the receptor level. Five published case reports involved patients with a prior history of intolerance to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Two published case reports of similar reactions also occurred in patients w...
High-Risk Research: Editors' Introduction

High-risk studies represent a strategy for investigating behavioral and intrafamilial processes which antedate and may, therefore, play a considerable role in the development of schizophrenia. The studies reported in this issue, initiated from 15 to 25 years ago, focused on measures of information processing, psychophysiological reactions, and intrafamilial processes found promising in previously conducted studies of adult schizophrenic patients and their families. Despite wide variations in the composition of the samples and their ages at the time of initial study, recurrent findings across studies are noteworthy. Final comments discuss how future highrisk studies can use developments in biological psychiatry.
Avian erythrocyte development: Microtubules and the formation of the disk shape☆

Abstract The development of avian erythrocytes involves a spheroid to discoid transformation in shape. The disk shape of the young erythroid cells is dependent on the presence of microtubules in a marginal bundle in the early stages of postmitotic maturation. Disassembly of microtubules with colchicine, vincristine, sulfate or cold temperature produces the spheroidal shape. Erythrocytes which have acquired the flattened ellipsoidal shape do not alter their shape with disassembly of the microtubules. The number of microtubules decreases as cell maturation occurs. The correlation coefficient for the number of microtubular profiles in one end of erythrocytes and the concentration of ribosomes (cell age) is 0.88. Microtubules of immature erythrocytes disappear more rapidly at 0°C than do microtubules of mature cells. It is concluded that microtubules play little or no role in the maintenance of mature red cell shape; however, they play an important role in the development of the flat discoid shape of avian erythrocytes during maturation.
Affiliation With Antisocial Crowds and Psychosocial Outcomes in a Gang-Impacted Urban Middle School

This longitudinal study examined the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents who affiliate with antisocial crowds in a gang-impacted urban environment. We followed 405 adolescents (219 boys, 186 girls; average age of 11.51 years, SD = .61; 84% Latino, 9% Asian, and 7% other or unclassified) for one academic year. These youth attended a middle school located in an economically distressed neighborhood with documented high rates of gang violence. We assessed crowd membership with a structured focus group procedure. In addition, we administered a peer nomination inventory to assess aggression and social standing, obtained self-reports of depressive symptoms, and derived grade point averages (GPA) directly from school records. Adolescents used gang-related imagery to describe antisocial crowds in their school, referring to “cholos” and “taggers.” Membership in these crowds was associated with aggression and low GPA but, paradoxically, predicted small decreases in depression and increases in popularity over time...
The Ebb and Flow of Airborne Pathogens: Monitoring and Use in Disease Management Decisions

Perhaps the earliest form of monitoring the regional spread of plant disease was a group of growers gathering together at the market and discussing what they see in their crops. This type of reporting continues to this day through regional extension blogs, by crop consultants and more formal scouting of sentential plots in the IPM PIPE network (http://www.ipmpipe.org/). As our knowledge of plant disease epidemiology has increased, we have also increased our ability to detect and monitor the presence of pathogens and use this information to make management decisions in commercial production systems. The advent of phylogenetics, next-generation sequencing, and nucleic acid amplification technologies has allowed for development of sensitive and accurate assays for pathogen inoculum detection and quantification. The application of these tools is beginning to change how we manage diseases with airborne inoculum by allowing for the detection of pathogen movement instead of assuming it and by targeting management strategies to the early phases of the epidemic development when there is the greatest opportunity to reduce the rate of disease development. While there are numerous advantages to using data on inoculum presence to aid management decisions, there are limitations in what the data represent that are often unrecognized. In addition, our understanding of where and how to effectively monitor airborne inoculum is limited. There is a strong need to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms that influence inoculum dispersion across scales as particles move from leaf to leaf, and everything in between.
Small-scale Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices Using Low-energy-density Sources

Over the last decade, small-scale energy harvesting devices that can power household electronic systems have experienced rapid development in both the research and the industrial fields. However, the large majority of work done in this domain still focuses on high-energy-density sources, which are not always available in the vicinity of the device. In that case, it is, therefore, important to use other sources, which, nevertheless, present lower energy densities. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate such harvesting methods, highlighting their differences with classical techniques that rely on high-density energy resources. Additionally, the present study also aims at reviewing existing techniques for small-scale energy harvesting using piezoelectric devices, as well as presenting new designs when dealing with low energy density sources, with a particular focus on wind and rain.
Experimental selection for insecticide resistance.

Experimental selection of insect cultures with insecticides to develop resistance in the laboratory is reviewed. Aedes, Culex, Musca , and Heliothis are considered because they are the insect genera most commonly used in experimental selection. When the rates at which resistance developed are compared, resistance to the axonic poisons DDT and permethrin is found to have developed more rapidly than resistance to malathion, parathion, and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The degree to which resistance developed in the laboratory was usually equaled or exceeded in field collections within one decade of the laboratory experiments. Procedures are suggested for laboratory selection for resistance as a component of a resistance risk assessment system. The relevance of the experimental results to actual development of resistance in the field must be assessed by determining whether common genetic mechanisms are involved. This information is available in the literature but will require the tedious tracking of genetic strains used in experimental selection and subsequently used in studies of genetic and biochemical mechanisms. Such an undertaking was beyond the scope of the present review.
Manipulation of Streamwise Vorticity in an Emulated Diffuser Boundary Layer Using Hybrid Flow Control

The formation and interaction of streamwise vorticity generated by surface-mounted passive (micro-vanes) and active (synthetic jets) flow control elements is investigated experimentally in a small-scale wind tunnel at high subsonic speeds (M < 0.6). Streamwise vortices are generated within the boundary layer of a converging-diverging wall insert that is designed to provide an adverse pressure gradient similar to the pressure gradient within a typical offset diffuser. Hybrid actuation is demonstrated by combining the micro-vanes with synthetic jets in tandem or by integrating the jets into vanes. Tandem actuation is accomplished using synthetic jet actuators that are yawed to match the vanes’ yaw angle and skewed to generate streamwise vortices of matching sense. Both approaches lead to augmentation of the primary vanes’ vortices and enhance their pairing. These approaches provide “fail-safe” control devices having robust nominal control effectiveness by the vane elements coupled with enhancement by the jets.
Observation of Quasidiffusive Phonon Propagation in Silicon

Photoexcitation of Si is expected to produce a broad range of phonon frequencies as a byproduct of electronic relaxation. These phonons should propagate through the crystal quasidiffusively.1 In contrast to these expectations, previous experiments on Si immersed in liquid helium observed phonon pulses with no long tail from scattered phonons and sharp phonon caustics.2 These observations imply that the detected phonons are relatively low frequency and propagate ballistically from a region very near the focused laser source. Our experiments attempt to isolate the factors responsible for this discrepancy between expectation and experiment. In particular, we find that the phonon pulses are very sensitive to the presence of liquid helium at the excitation surface and to the excitation level.
On Saying It Right (Write): "Fix-Its" in the Foundations of Learning to Write.

The basics of child writing, as traditionally conceived, involve "neutral" conventions for organizing and encoding language. This "basic" notion of a solid foundation for child writing is itself situated in a fluid world of cultural and linguistic diversity and rapidly changing literacy practices. In this paper, I aim to theorize and problematize the basics, drawing on an ethnographic study of child writing in a regulated (i.e., test-monitored) urban school. I focused on a prime site for teaching and monitoring the basics talk about "fix-its" or problems in a text in a first grade classroom. I asked about the nature of teacherand child-identified fix-its and, in the process, I considered the evaluative discourse contextualizing textual features as errors and the ideologies of (or values and beliefs about) language permeating that discourse. The official fix-its heightened attention to the surface manifestations of language to how a proper written voice should sound. The children's responses to these official fix-its revealed the homogenized child voice implicit in the basics. Moreover, their own fix-it concerns suggested the social relations, identity formations, and communicative practices central to even foundational for their uses of (and for) writing.
Adaptation of a primate operant test battery to the rat: effects of chlorpromazine.

Abstract The National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) Operant Test Battery (OTB) has been used extensively in rhesus monkeys to characterize the effects of drugs and toxicants on the performance of tasks designed to model several cognitive functions. Recently, the majority of the OTB tasks have been adapted for use in rats. The current study is the first to examine the effects of a prototypic pharmacological agent previously assessed in monkeys on rat OTB performance. The effects of the dopamine antagonist chlorpromazine (0.56–5.6 mg/kg, i.p.) were assessed in rats performing tasks designed to model auditory–visual–position discrimination, learning, time estimation, and appetitive motivation. All four tasks were equally sensitive to the behavioral effects of chlorpromazine. This pattern of sensitivity was very similar to that obtained when chlorpromazine was tested in monkeys performing the OTB. These data thus suggest that operant tasks designed to model cognitive functions in monkeys can also be used in rats, and that the effects of chlorpromazine on the performance of these tasks may be predictive of results obtained with monkeys. Further characterization of the rat OTB using prototypic pharmacological agents will further determine the extent to which drug effects on rat OTB performance can be generalized to primates. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Zeros, Swaps, and Options — The Revolution in Finance

Orange County, California, one of the richest in the United States, sits on the Pacific Coast, and abuts Los Angeles to the North and San Diego to the South. The county is one of the politically most conservative in the United State — strong voter sentiment for larger military expenditures (lots of retired naval officers live there), a balanced budget, sending illegal immigrants home, limiting tax increases, and reducing the size of the government.
Near-peer role modeling: Can fourth-year medical students, recognized for their humanism, enhance reflection among second-year students in a physical diagnosis course?

Introduction : Humanism is cultivated through reflection and self-awareness. We aimed to employ fourth-year medical students, recognized for their humanism, to facilitate reflective sessions for second-year medical students with the intention of positively influencing reflective process toward humanistic development. Methods/Analysis : A total of 186 students were randomly assigned to one of three comparison arms: eight groups of eight students (64 students) were facilitated by a fourth-year student who was a Gold Humanism Honor Society member (GHHS); eight groups (64 students) by a volunteer non-GHHS student; and seven groups (58 students) were non-facilitated. Before sessions, second-year students set learning goals concerning interactions with patients; fourth-year students received training materials on facilitation. Groups met twice during their 10 clinical site visits. At the last session, students completed a reflective assignment on their goal progress. Comparative mixed method analyses were conducted among the three comparison arms on reflection (reflective score on in-session assignment) and session satisfaction (survey) in addition to a thematic analysis of responses on the in-session assignment. Results : We found significant differences among all three comparison arms on students’ reflective scores ( p =0.0003) and satisfaction ( p =0.0001). T -tests comparing GHHS- and non-GHHS-facilitated groups showed significantly higher mean reflective scores for GHHS-facilitated groups ( p =0.033); there were no differences on session satisfaction. Thematic analysis of students’ reflections showed attempts at self-examination, but lacked depth in addressing emotions. There was a common focus on achieving comfort and confidence in clinical skills performance. Discussion/Conclusions : Near peers, recognized for their humanism, demonstrated significant influence in deepening medical students’ reflections surrounding patient interactions or humanistic development. Overall, students preferred facilitated to non-facilitated peer feedback forums. This model holds promise for enhancing self-reflection in medical education, but needs further exploration to determine behavioral effects. Keywords: reflection; peer feedback; near peer role modeling; humanism (Published: 2 September 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21: 31940 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.31940
Immunogenomics of Hypermutated Glioblastoma: a Patient with Germline POLE Deficiency Treated with Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy

We present the case of a patient with a left frontal glioblastoma with PNET features and hypermutated genotype in the setting of a POLE germline alteration. During standard-of-care chemoradiation, the patient developed a cervical spine metastasis and was subsequently treated with Pembrolizumab. Shortly thereafter, the patient developed an additional metastatic spinal lesion. Using whole exome DNA sequencing and clonal analysis, we report changes in the subclonal architecture throughout treatment. Furthermore, a persistently high neoantigen load was observed within all tumors. Interestingly, following initiation of Pembrolizumab, brisk lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the subsequently resected metastatic spinal lesion and an objective radiographic response was noted in a progressive intracranial lesion suggestive of active CNS immunosurveillance following checkpoint blockade therapy.
Impact of California Computed Tomography Dose Legislation: Survey of Radiologists.

Abstract Introduction Highly publicized accounts of radiation overdose from computed tomography (CT) in both children and adults prompted legislation in California regulating CT dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the law (codified in Senate Bill [SB] 1237) on California radiologist practice patterns and understanding of CT dose. Materials and Methods All radiologist members of the California Radiological Society were surveyed in August–September 2013. Questions gauged radiologists' familiarity with and attitudes toward the law, awareness of CT dose, and changes in practice following the law's enactment. Results Of 1,300 surveyed, 138 (11%) responded; 132 of 137 (96%) were familiar with SB 1237. Of 135 responding, 126 and 115 (93% and 85%, respectively) knew to report CT dose index volume and dose-length product. Sixty of 134 (45%) attributed dose reporting to an increased awareness of appropriate dose ranges. Twenty-nine of 133 (22%) had modified protocols in concert with SB 1237s enactment. Of 31 responding, 5 (16%), 23 (74%), and 3 (74%) had modified protocols in only children, both adults and children, and only adults, respectively. Twenty-four of 129 (19%) utilized automated dose reporting; 48 (37%) and 57 (44%) used dictation/transcription and template-assisted voice recognition, respectively. Forty of 134 (30%) noted delays finalizing CT reports. Conclusions Most radiologists who responded in our sample were familiar with SB 1237. Nearly half attributed dose reporting to an increased awareness of appropriate dose ranges. Almost one quarter indicated protocol modifications, the majority including children, occurring in conjunction with the law. Reporting inefficiency was a common concern.
Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular heart disease (VHD) includes a spectrum of frequent pathologies that often require surgical intervention. With an increase in life expectancy, there has been an increase in degenerative VHD in the elderly. Treatment of severe VHD has traditionally been performed with surgery, where the valve is not visualized under physiological conditions. Additionally, percutaneous interventions for treatment of VHD have become more frequent. These interventions are challenging due to a lack of direct visualization of the valves, which makes imaging essential for their success. Currently, it is feasible to obtain three-dimensionally printed valve models from CT, MRI, or echocardiographic data. There are many potential uses for rapid prototyping in VHD, such as surgical planning, hemodynamic testing of the printed valve models in pulsatile flow chambers, surgical training, and patient education. Possibly, the most exciting future application of rapid prototyping is the design of patient-specific valve prostheses. Despite the many limitations that still need to be addressed, rapid prototyping has great potential for improving the management of VHD.
A Scalable Sampling Method to High-Dimensional Uncertainties for Optimal and Reinforcement Learning-Based Controls

Modern dynamical systems often operate in environments of high-dimensional uncertainties that modulate system dynamics in a complicated fashion. These high-dimensional uncertainties, non-Gaussian in many realistic scenarios, complicate real-time system analysis, design, and control tasks. In this letter, we address the scalability of computation for systems of high-dimensional uncertainties by introducing new sampling methods, the multivariate probabilistic collocation method (M-PCM), and its extension called M-PCM-orthogonal fractional factorial design (OFFD) which integrates M-PCM with the OFFDs to break the curse of dimensionality. We explore the capabilities of M-PCM and M-PCM-OFFD-based optimal control and adaptive control using the reinforcement learning approach. The analyses and simulation studies illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of these two approaches.
African American Women and Breast Cancer: Interventions at Multiple Levels

Cancer of the breast is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the USA (McGregor & Antoni, 2009), with over 200,000 cases diagnosed annually (National Cancer Institute, 2009). Approximately 40,460 women died of the disease in 2007 alone (American Cancer Society, 2009). Whereas white women are more likely than African American women to develop breast cancer (130.6 per 100,000 white women vs. 117.5 per 100,000 African American women), African American women are 37% more likely to die from the disease (Ries et al., 2008). Although a notable annual decline in aggregate breast cancer mortality has been registered for all women since the 1990s, the disparity ratio gap between African American and white women continues to widen. The gap is particularly pronounced among women younger than 50 years of age, with African American women of this age group being 77% more likely to die from the disease than their white counterparts (Carey et al., 2006).
Peptidyl-prolyl Isomerases and Regulation of Photosynthetic Functions

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) are catalysts involved in protein folding functioning by accelerating the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds. The first PPIase was discovered over 15 years ago. Since then, almost two hundred enzymes of this type have been identified. PPlases are ubiquitous in all living organisms and belong to three distinct families: cyclophilins, FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) and parvulins. PPIases are found as soluble, membrane-bound or associated with chaperone complexes, receptors, ribosomes, membrane channels or pores in cells. They are involved in a variety of cellular processes apart from protein folding, for example: protein biogenesis, intracellular signaling, protein trafficking, cell cycle control, heat shock responses, regulation of protein phosphorylation, pathogen-host interactions, RNA maturation and DNA degradation. The functional diversity of these proteins is based on the multiplicity of binding modules linked to the catalytic (isomerase) domains of various PPIases. Numerous PPIase genes have been identified in the plant genome and several complex PPIases with multi-domain structure have been characterized in plants. According to genomic analyses, about ten putative PPIases are localized in plant chloroplasts; however, only three chloroplast PPIases have been characterized to date. One of them, TLP40 (thylakoid lumen PPIase of 40 kDa), has a multi-modular structure; a cyclophilin-like C-terminal PPIase domain, an acidic linker region and an N-terminal leucine zipper flanked by phosphatase binding modules. TLP40 is localized in the lumen of chloroplast thylakoids and binds reversibly to the inner membrane surface, regulating a membrane-bound protein phosphatase. This phosphatase functions to specifically dephosphorylate Photosystem II core phosphoproteins. This regulation is responsible for the fast dephosphorylation of Photosystem II during heat shock directly controlling the turnover rate of photosynthetic proteins. The role of additional putative chloroplast PPIases in regulation of photosynthesis has yet to be revealed.
ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES, INDUSTRY FRAGMENTATION, AND ELECTRONIC PERSONAL HEALTH RECORDS

This research-in-progress paper reports on an in-depth case study that integrates literatures from health care policy, information systems, and strategic management to explore how an entrepreneurial firm shapes its organizational boundaries in the context of the complicated healthcare ecosystem in the United States. In doing so, we investigate the implications of boundary shaping decisions on the development and deployment of an electronic personal health record (ePHR) system. The growing call for the use of ePHR systems is based on the logic that providing personalized, timely healthcare information that supports an incentive-based compliance program will not only lower healthcare costs but lead to healthier individuals and improved organizational performance. However, as mentioned in this paper, populating ePHR systems is a huge data integration challenge that requires the successful coordination of many players with potentially competing objectives. By adopting the perspective of a startup firm within this context, we illuminate the impact of industry fragmentation and competing goals and objectives within the health care context, and show the importance of boundary decisions that promote cooperation and tight integration to facilitate the information flows needed to populate employer sponsored ePHR systems.
Erikson and the Relational Context of Identity: Strengthening Connections With Attachment Theory

In our contribution to this special issue devoted to reflections on Erik Erikson’s theorizing in Identity Youth and Crisis, 50 years later, we present the value of integrating attachment theory wit...
MACLimbs: human peripheral anatomy and kinesiology implemented by HyperCard.

Abstract Physicians in various subspecialties routinely perform physical examinations of the back and extremities utilizing their understanding of peripheral anatomy, extremity kinesiology, and neuro- musculo-ligamentous pathologies. We are developing a HyperCard computer application which combines text, graphics, and sound to teach, review, and test functional limb anatomy and kinesiology in an independent, non-confrontational, user-friendly environment. The software incorporates principles which maximize learning, runs on hardware accessible to most people, encourages independent learning and self evaluation, and utilizes links which take advantage of the network structure inherent to anatomy.
38. PREDICTORS OF PASSING BOARD CERTIFICATION EXAMS IN A MED/PEDS RESIDENCY PROGRAM

Introduction Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (MP) residencies have primarily relied on categorical program data to predict pass rates for both the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Exam (ABIM-CE) and the American Board of Pediatrics Certifying Exam (ABP-CE). However, there is insufficient literature on what constitutes the best predictors of a MP resident passing each. We thus conducted a review of prior exam scores in our large MP program to determine the best predictors of passing both ABIM-CE and ABP-CE. Methods Numeric scores from USMLE Steps 1 and 2 and In-Training Exams in Internal Medicine (ITE-IM) and Pediatrics (ITE-P) for UTHSC MP residents over 10 years (2008-2017) were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 91 residents were enrolled. First time ABIM-CE and ABP-CE numeric scores (n=65, n=71 respectively) and pass/fail results (n=91, n=71 respectively) were collected. Linear and logistic regression were applied to determine if a relationship existed between scores and whether numeric ABIM-CE and ABP-CE scores or odds of passing could be predicted based on prior exams. Results Each prior USMLE, ITE-IM, and ITE-P score had a linear relationship with both ABIM-CE and ABP-CE scores. In the linear regression, adjusted r2 values showed low to moderate predictive ability ranging from 0.10 to 0.34, with the highest predictor of ABIM-CE and ABP-CE being USMLE Step 1 (0.34) and first year ITE-IM (0.32) respectively. Logistic regression showed odds ratios of passing board certifications ranging from 1.05 to 1.53 per point increase on the prior exam scores. The third year ITE-IM was the best predictor of passing both the ABIM-CE and ABP-CE using the c statistic for comparison (0.88 and 0.94 respectively). Conclusion In this large MP program, USMLE Steps 1 and 2 and all years of ITE-IM and ITE-P scores were linearly related to ABIM-CE and ABP-CE scores, with third year ITE-IM scores most predictive of passing ABIM-CE and ABP-CE. These results provide MP specific data for programs to use for individualized counseling and targeted program improvements.
Cardiorespiratory Events Associated With Ophthalmic Surgery: A Single-Center, Retrospective Records Review of 130 775 Patients, 1999–2015:

Purpose:The most recent study of ophthalmic surgery morbidity and mortality was published in 1995, with a patient study population from 1977 to 1988. The present study reports surgical outcomes fro...
Halogen-Bond-Induced Consecutive Csp3–H Aminations via Hydrogen Atom Transfer Relay Strategy

The utilization of a halogen bond in a number of chemical fields is well-known. Surprisingly, the incorporation of this useful noncovalent interaction in chemical reaction engineering is rare. We disclose here an uncommon use of halogen bonding to induce intermolecular Csp3-H amination while enabling a hydrogen atom transfer relay strategy to access privileged pyrrolidine structures directly from alkanes. Mechanistic studies support the presence of multiple halogen bond interactions at distinct reaction stages.
Engineering design with Syrian refugees: localised engineering in the Azraq refugee camp, Jordan

This paper presents lessons from the process of creating and implementing an engineering design course in the Azraq refugee camp in Jordan over multiple iterations from 2016 to 2019. This design co...
Statistical approach to obtaining vacancy formation energies in high-entropy crystals from first principles calculations: Application to a high-entropy diboride

A reduced pair approximation model for vacancy formation energy in multicomponent materials is proposed as an alternative to the commonly used cluster expansion method. By imposing physical constraints to the interaction coefficients, lower rank models are obtained with improved accuracy as measured by Bayesian information criterion and cross validation. Additionally, reduced models can outperform the full parametrization in high-entropy compounds with as much as 50% less training data. The results are presented for cation vacancies in the high-entropy diboride ${\mathrm{Hf}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Ta}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ calculated by density functional theory simulations of large cell special quasirandom structures. Further, the calculation of vacancy concentrations from a distribution of energies is considered, wherein the chemical disorder on lattice sites gives rise to non-Arrhenius temperature dependence. Preferential clustering and the possibility of short-range order in the high-entropy lattice are explored through pair affinities derived from model coefficients.
OwLL: Accurate LoRa Localization using the TV Whitespaces

LoRa is a popular Low-Power Wide-Area Networking (LP-WAN) technology that allows devices powered by a ten year AA battery to connect to radio infrastructure miles away. One of the most promising features of LoRa is the ability to track the location of radios from a distance, enabling applications ranging from inventory tracking, smart infrastructure monitoring and structural health sensing. Yet, state-of-the-art LoRa localization systems experience errors of several tens or even hundreds of meters in location tracking, owing to the narrow bandwidth and limited battery life of LoRa devices. This paper presents OwLL, a LoRa localization system that limits location error to few meters with commodity LoRa clients in a wide-area network. Our key innovation is the development of a distributed base station network made of individually low-cost components that together span a wide bandwidth that encompasses the TV whitespaces and offers high aperture, crucial to localization accuracy. We demonstrate how this network can aggregate signal measurements made across multiple different narrowband channels of a LoRa client to triangulate it at fine accuracy. We implement and evaluate OwLL on a testbed spanning a large university campus centered in a major U.S. city and demonstrate a 9 m (across line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight) median error in localization.
GraphDTI: A robust deep learning predictor of drug-target interactions from multiple heterogeneous data.

Traditional techniqueset identification, we developed GraphDTI, a robust machine learning framework integrating the molecular-level information on drugs, proteins, and binding sites with the system-level information on gene expression and protein-protein interactions. In order to properly evaluate the performance of GraphDTI, we compiled a high-quality benchmarking dataset and devised a new cluster-based cross-validation p to identify macromolecular targets for drugs utilize solely the information on a query drug and a putative target. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of action of many drugs depend not only on their binding affinity toward a single protein, but also on the signal transduction through cascades of molecular interactions leading to certain phenotypes. Although using protein-protein interaction networks and drug-perturbed gene expression profiles can facilitate system-level investigations of drug-target interactions, utilizing such large and heterogeneous data poses notable challenges. To improve the state-of-the-art in drug targrotocol. Encouragingly, GraphDTI not only yields an AUC of 0.996 against the validation dataset, but it also generalizes well to unseen data with an AUC of 0.939, significantly outperforming other predictors. Finally, selected examples of identified drug-target interactions are validated against the biomedical literature. Numerous applications of GraphDTI include the investigation of drug polypharmacological effects, side effects through off-target binding, and repositioning opportunities.
Toward personalized treatment approaches for non-small-cell lung cancer

Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have improved outcomes markedly over the past two decades. However, the vast majority of advanced NSCLCs become resistant to current treatments and eventually progress. In this Perspective, we discuss some of the recent breakthrough therapies developed for NSCLC, focusing on immunotherapies and targeted therapies. We highlight our current understanding of mechanisms of resistance and the importance of incorporating genomic analyses into clinical studies to decipher these further. We underscore the future role of neoadjuvant and maintenance combination therapy approaches to potentially cure early disease. A major challenge to successful development of rational combination therapies will be the application of robust predictive biomarkers for clear-cut patient stratification, and we provide our views on clinical research areas that could influence how NSCLC will be managed over the coming decade.
Potato Nitrogen Response and Soil Microbial Activity as Affected by Fumigation

In North America, potato early dying is often controlled using soil fumigants. Fumigants confer benefits on plant health but also impact soil microbial activity, including nitrogen (N) cycling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two soil fumigants, chloropicrin and metam sodium, on potato crop yield, N uptake, and N use efficiency (NUE), as well as soilborne pathogens, soil microbial respiration rates and soil concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3−-N. We established a field study with a split-plot randomized complete block design in 2016 and 2017, with whole plots divided among three fumigation treatments (no fumigant, chloropicrin, or metam sodium) and split into five subplots, each receiving a different total application rate of N (45, 135, 202, 269, or 336 kg·ha−1 N). Both fumigants suppressed Verticillium dahliae propagule concentrations and foliar symptoms of potato early dying while increasing yield, final tuber set, N uptake, and NUE. Fumigation did not affect the agronomic optimum N rate, nor the response of marketable yield to N rate, but it did increase yield per unit N applied (partial factor productivity) by 16% and 35% over the non-fumigated controls in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Chloropicrin, but not metam sodium, reduced the prevalence of common scab symptoms in tubers. Both fumigants decreased microbial respiration rates before planting and at midseason. Fumigants reduced nitrification rates before planting and at midseason, with chloropicrin having a particularly strong effect before planting. While fumigation conferred benefits to yield and NUE, its effects on microbial community structure and function merit further study.
ComputeCOVID19+: Accelerating COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring via High-Performance Deep Learning on CT Images

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of diagnosis and monitoring as early and accurately as possible. However, the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results in two issues: (1) protracted turnaround time from sample collection to testing result and (2) compromised test accuracy, as low as 67%, due to when and how the samples are collected, packaged, and delivered to the lab to conduct the RT-PCR test. Thus, we present ComputeCOVID19+, our computed tomography-based framework to improve the testing speed and accuracy of COVID-19 (plus its variants) via a deep learning-based network for CT image enhancement called DDnet, short for DenseNet and Deconvolution network. To demonstrate its speed and accuracy, we evaluate ComputeCOVID19+ across several sources of computed tomography (CT) images and on many heterogeneous platforms, including multi-core CPU, many-core GPU, and even FPGA. Our results show that ComputeCOVID19+ can significantly shorten the turnaround time from days to minutes and improve the testing accuracy to 91%.