cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
End-of-Life Cancer Care in Ontario and the United States: Quality by Accident or Quality by Design?

In this month’s issue of the Journal, Warren et al. (1) report the results of their carefully conducted analysis of patients who died with non–small cell lung cancer in the United States and Ontario. The study design selected a group of patients with well-documented advanced cancer at diagnosis. Given the cancer type and stage, the clinical teams caring for these patients would have known the generally poor survival prognosis. The article reports two major findings : care patterns differed between the United States and Ontario and the overall use of community palliative care appears to have fallen short of the average patient preferences in both countries—most patients prefer supportive measures that avoid a hospital death (2,3). The US patients received more chemotherapy, whereas Ontario patients had more inpatient days, greater emergency room use, and were much more likely to die in the hospital. Despite relatively high use of community supportive care, the rates of inpatient death are too high in the United States and much too high in Ontario.
Aspects of Turkana Leadership during the Era of Primary Resistance

After a considerable period of conflict with nineteenth-century traders, hunters and ‘explorers’, the Turkana of northwestern Kenya actively resisted the occupation of their country by the Imperial forces of British East Africa and Uganda during the second and third decades of the twentieth century. At first, this primary resistance was largely in the hands of war-leaders, notably Ebei, the most important military leader of the southern sections. Bitterness engendered by Hut Taxes and other unpopular British policies led to the brief ascendancy of Koletiang, an influential southern diviner, until he was imprisoned in 1911. Again the resistance leadership fell to the military until especially brutal ‘punitive actions’ in 1915 had the effect of consolidating resistance in the north. At this point, Lowalel, another powerful diviner, became the spiritual patron of the war-leaders and their followers, reaffirming the close co-operation which traditionally had existed between religious and military leaders in Turkana society. So charismatic and innovative was Lowalel's leadership that he amassed armies several thousand strong and was joined by other peoples including the Merille and Dongiro, as well as by the forces of the Ethiopian Empire, in resisting the extension of British colonial rule.
Structural flexibility of motion systems in the space environment

The state-of-the-art is summarized, focusing on interdisciplinary approaches and positions, and future directions in the design, analysis, and control of lightweight robotic and telerobotic motion systems for space application are discussed. The emphasis is on providing a logical connection between the special demands of space applications and the design of the motion system. Flexibility is presented as a natural consequence of these demands. A number of technologies are relevant to extending feasible performance into regions of the design space previously avoided due to the resulting flexibility of the structures and drives. Control technology is considered foremost, but passive damping, structural materials, structural design, operational strategy and sensor technology are closely related. Numerous references are presented for those wishing to employ these technologies. >
Apollo, an artemis-related nuclease, interacts with TRF2 and protects human telomeres in S phase

Summary Human chromosome ends are protected by shelterin, an abundant six-subunit protein complex that binds specifically to the telomeric-repeat sequences, regulates telomere length, and ensures that chromosome ends do not elicit a DNA-damage response (reviewed in [1]). Using mass spectrometry of proteins associated with the shelterin component Rap1, we identified an SMN1/PSO2 nuclease family member that is closely related to Artemis [2]. We refer to this protein as Apollo and report that Apollo has the ability to localize to telomeres through an interaction with the shelterin component TRF2. Although its low abundance at telomeres indicates that Apollo is not a core component of shelterin, Apollo knockdown with RNAi resulted in senescence and the activation of a DNA-damage signal at telomeres as evidenced by t elomere-dysfunction- i nduced f oci (TIFs). The TIFs occurred primarily in S phase, suggesting that Apollo contributes to a processing step associated with the replication of chromosome ends. Furthermore, some of the metaphase chromosomes showed two telomeric signals at single-chromatid ends, suggesting an aberrant telomere structure. We propose that the Artemis-like nuclease Apollo is a shelterin accessory factor required for the protection of telomeres during or after their replication.
Pre-1997 Trends in Welfare and Food Assistance in a National Sample of Families

Both the Food Stamp Program (FSP) and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) saw unprecedented caseload growth from the late 1980s until 1994, followed by caseload declines in the following years. These rapid caseload declines are attributed to changing macroeconomic conditions and to substantial changes in program design. First, in the early 1990s, state applied for waivers from federal welfare program regulations, which allowed them more freedom to experiment with welfare reforms. Then, in 1996, Congress redesigned the federal safety net for low-income Americans through the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA). This paper uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to investigate participation transitions from year to year during the 'waiver period,' from 1989 to 1996. The distinctive feature of the approach here is that it considers all possible transitions at the individual level among three participation states - AFDC (with or without FSP), FSP Only, and Neither-rather than treating each program separately. This investigation provides a baseline for future work using PSID data to study the impact of the 1996 welfare reforms.
Cloning and Characterization of Multigenes Encoding the Immunodominant 30-Kilodalton Major Outer Membrane Proteins of Ehrlichia canis and Application of the Recombinant Protein for Serodiagnosis

A 30-kDa major outer membrane protein of Ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine ehrlichiosis, is the major antigen recognized by both naturally and experimentally infected dog sera. The protein cross-reacts with a serum against a recombinant 28-kDa protein (rP28), one of the outer membrane proteins of a gene (omp-1) family of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Two DNA fragments of E. canis were amplified by PCR with two primer pairs based on the sequences of E. chaffeensis omp-1 genes, cloned, and sequenced. Each fragment contained a partial 30-kDa protein gene of E. canis. Genomic Southern blot analysis with the partial gene probes revealed the presence of multiple copies of these genes in the E. canis genome. Three copies of the entire gene (p30, p30-1, and p30a) were cloned and sequenced from the E. canis genomic DNA. The open reading frames of the two copies (p30 and p30-1) were tandemly arranged with an intergenic space. The three copies were similar but not identical and contained a semivariable region and three hypervariable regions in the protein molecules. The following genes homologous to three E. canis 30-kDa protein genes and the E. chaffeensis omp-1 family were identified in the closely related rickettsiae: wsp from Wolbachia sp., p44 from the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, msp-2 and msp-4 from Anaplasma marginale, and map-1 from Cowdria ruminantium. Phylogenetic analysis among the three E. canis 30-kDa proteins and the major surface proteins of the rickettsiae revealed that these proteins are divided into four clusters and the two E. canis 30-kDa proteins are closely related but that the third 30-kDa protein is not. The p30 gene was expressed as a fusion protein, and the antibody to the recombinant protein (rP30) was raised in a mouse. The antibody reacted with rP30 and a 30-kDa protein of purified E. canis. Twenty-nine indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)-positive dog plasma specimens strongly recognized the rP30 of E. canis. To evaluate whether the rP30 is a suitable antigen for serodiagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis, the immunoreactions between rP30 and the whole purified E. canis antigen were compared in the dot immunoblot assay. Dot reactions of both antigens with IFA-positive dog plasma specimens were clearly distinguishable by the naked eye from those with IFA-negative plasma specimens. By densitometry with a total of 42 IFA-positive and -negative plasma specimens, both antigens produced results similar in sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the rP30 antigen provides a simple, consistent, and rapid serodiagnosis for canine ehrlichiosis. Cloning of multigenes encoding the 30-kDa major outer membrane proteins of E. canis will greatly facilitate understanding pathogenesis and immunologic study of canine ehrlichosis and provide a useful tool for phylogenetic analysis.
What Is Strategy's Distinctive Competence?

How have theory and research in strategy contributed to the broader domain of management? A survey of prominent researchers in strategy and adjacent fields suggests that the answer depends on how "strategy" is defined. Modest and incremental contributions are evident when strategy is defined as a distinct field wherein a small group of scholars labor to develop unique theory, methods, and substantive research findings. More important and valuable contributions are apparent when strategy is viewed as a pluralistic arena where many disciplines and methodologies meet and compete to answer a set of applied research questions.
A mathematical model of force transmission from intrafascicularly terminating muscle fibers

Many long skeletal muscles are comprised of fibers that terminate intrafascicularly. Force from terminating fibers can be transmitted through shear within the endomysium that surrounds fibers or through tension within the endomysium that extends from fibers to the tendon; however, it is unclear which pathway dominates in force transmission from terminating fibers. The purpose of this work was to develop mathematical models to (i) compare the efficacy of lateral (through shear) and longitudinal (through tension) force transmission in intrafascicularly terminating fibers, and (ii) determine how force transmission is affected by variations in the structure and properties of fibers and the endomysium. The models demonstrated that even though the amount of force that can be transmitted from an intrafascicularly terminating fiber is dependent on fiber resting length (the unstretched length at which passive stress is zero), endomysium shear modulus, and fiber volume fraction (the fraction of the muscle cross-sectional area that is occupied by fibers), fibers that have values of resting length, shear modulus, and volume fraction within physiologic ranges can transmit nearly all of their peak isometric force laterally through shearing of the endomysium. By contrast, the models predicted only limited force transmission ability through tension within the endomysium that extends from the fiber to the tendon. Moreover, when fiber volume fraction decreases to unhealthy ranges (less than 50%), the force-transmitting potential of terminating fibers through shearing of the endomysium decreases significantly. The models presented here support the hypothesis that lateral force transmission through shearing of the endomysium is an effective mode of force transmission in terminating fibers.
Frequency-temperature considerations for digital temperature compensation

A fundamental requirement for compensation of the frequency-temperature (F-T) characteristics of a resonator is that the scheme used to estimate the frequency of the resonator from the temperature measurement be able to provide the necessary precision. A description is given of the anomalous behavior of the (F-T) characteristics of quartz resonators at the pp 10/sup 8/ level, which necessitates a sophisticated estimation scheme. Estimation schemes, including least squares regression, minmax, segmented polynomials, and interpolation algorithms such as spline and Akima, are reviewed. There are many choices for (F-T) compensation algorithms which are superior to the usual least squares fit. These algorithms can be used with any digital compensation technique. The multisegment Lawson algorithm is the most efficient choice, but any of the interpolation schemes will give optimum results at the cost of requiring more memory. >
Cell Fate Decision Making through Oriented Cell Division

The ability to dictate cell fate decisions is critical during animal development. Moreover, faithful execution of this process ensures proper tissue homeostasis throughout adulthood, whereas defects in the molecular machinery involved may contribute to disease. Evolutionarily conserved protein complexes control cell fate decisions across diverse tissues. Maintaining proper daughter cell inheritance patterns of these determinants during mitosis is therefore a fundamental step of the cell fate decision-making process. In this review, we will discuss two key aspects of this fate determinant segregation activity, cortical cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation, and how they operate together to produce oriented cell divisions that ultimately influence daughter cell fate. Our focus will be directed at the principal underlying molecular mechanisms and the specific cell fate decisions they have been shown to control.
Review on emerging trends in India's livestock economy: Implications for development policy

The livestock is the lifeline of n~illionso f smallholders in India. It enhances household food security, improve income distribotion and reduce poverty. The rapidly expanding demand for livestock products offers an opportunity as well as a challenge to livestock production.
Modeling food choice in the two suspension-feeding bivalves, Crassostrea virginica and Mytilus edulis

Suspension-feeding bivalves are able to sort and select food particles from a complex mixture. Recent reports have indicated that this selection is mediated by interactions between lectins present in mucus covering the feeding organs and carbohydrates associated with the surface of microalgae. In this study, several statistical methods were evaluated to predict the likelihood for a given microalga to be ingested or rejected based upon its cell surface carbohydrate signature. First, the carbohydrate signatures of 16 microalgae were characterized using 10 different lectins. In June 2014, a subset of microalgae (12 species) was then used in feeding experiments where different pairs of microalgae were presented to oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) to evaluate selection. Results show that cell surface carbohydrates are good predictors for particle fate. Specifically, microalgae rich in glucose/mannose residues were preferentially selected by both oysters and mussels. Several statistical methods for predicting the likelihood of a given alga being ingested or rejected were evaluated, and a decision tree that accurately models selection in the two bivalves is proposed even though the model warrants further validation with different species or in various seasons. Overall, these findings provide a promising predictive tool that could be used to assess bivalve performance and benthic–pelagic coupling under ecological or aquaculture contexts.
DIVERGENCE IN CACTOPHILIC DROSOPHILA: THE EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF ADULT ETHANOL METABOLISM.

D. mojavensis metabolizes ethanol vapor differently than its Opuntia-breeding relatives. The latter species store ethanol metabolites in body tissues and do not use them as an energy supply for increasing adult longevity to the degree that D. mojavensis does
Preparation of Konjac Flour by Combined Use of Different Techniques and Its Physicochemical Properties

In this study, we developed an integrated procedure using ultrafine grinding, α-amylase treatment and microwaveassisted extraction to prepare konjac flour with expanded applicability by removing alkaloids. The results indicated that alkaloids could be removed almost completely from 160-mesh konjac flour by the integrated methods. Compared with the control sample, the treated konjac flour had higher swelling ability and luminance value and also had a stable hydrogel network structure and a high ability of shear deformation resistance, but the viscosity stability almost remained constant. Therefore, this integrated procedure can be used to prepare alkaloid-free konjac flour with improved physicochemical properties.
Further characterization of the sex hormone–binding globulin in amniotic fluid

The sex hormone–binding globulin in amniotic fluid has been studied further. The relative concentration of this binding protein has been measured in matched sets of amniotic fluid, cord blood, and maternal serum. The results of these studies and other binding parameters, i.e., association constants and binding capacity, suggest a maternal origin of this amniotic fluid protein.
Impacts of large natural disasters on regional income

In this study, we analyze impacts of large natural disasters on county per capita income between 1990 and 2012 in the Contiguous United States. Using a difference-in-differences model with fixed effects and controlling for serial correlation, we find that the incidence of large disasters in a county significantly reduces its income as compared to its neighboring counties.
Singlet-paired coupled cluster theory for open shells

Restricted single-reference coupled cluster theory truncated to single and double excitations accurately describes weakly correlated systems, but often breaks down in the presence of static or strong correlation. Good coupled cluster energies in the presence of degeneracies can be obtained by using a symmetry-broken reference, such as unrestricted Hartree-Fock, but at the cost of good quantum numbers. A large body of work has shown that modifying the coupled cluster ansatz allows for the treatment of strong correlation within a single-reference, symmetry-adapted framework. The recently introduced singlet-paired coupled cluster doubles (CCD0) method is one such model, which recovers correct behavior for strong correlation without requiring symmetry breaking in the reference. Here, we extend singlet-paired coupled cluster for application to open shells via restricted open-shell singlet-paired coupled cluster singles and doubles (ROCCSD0). The ROCCSD0 approach retains the benefits of standard coupled cluster theory and recovers correct behavior for strongly correlated, open-shell systems using a spin-preserving ROHF reference.
The South Defends Its Peculiar Institution

This chapter explores the mission work and theological justifications developed by Southerners to confirm, validate and uphold slaveholding. Due to pressure from Northern abolitionists and the move by some denominations to proscribe slaveholding as a practice incompatible with Christian doctrine, the Southerners were placed on the rhetorical defensive in the years before the Civil War. To counter the abolitionists, the Southerners instituted the plantation missions.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Without Diabetes.

Context: Type B insulin resistance syndrome is a rare disease that occurs due to the development of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor and can result in either severe insulin resistance and hyperglycemia or, conversely, hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is often severe, usually transient, and poorly responsive to exogenous insulin. Diabetic ketoacidosis is an unusual consequence of this most severe form of transient diabetes mellitus. Case Description: A 39-year-old Nigerian woman presented with significant weight loss, severe diabetic ketoacidosis, and severe insulin resistance requiring massive doses of exogenous insulin. She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and type B insulin resistance syndrome. She was treated by immunomodulation with rituximab and pulse dose dexamethasone, and she entered euglycemic remission after 4 months of treatment. She remains independent of exogenous insulin 1 year later on maintenance azathioprine therapy. Conclusion: We report a case of severe type B insuli...
Outcome of Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Long-term neurologic sequelae and predictors for disease outcome were identified in 101 patients diagnosed with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) over a 53-year period at Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; and Guy’s and St Thomas Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK.
Memory effects in thin film negative resistance structures

Thin film sandwich structures containing a dielectric layer of silicon monoxide approximately 300 to 1000 A thick between gold electrodes show a low frequency negative differential resistance, Figures 1-a and 1-a′. Hickmott has observed a low frequency negative resistance in a wide variety of sandwich structures.
Obstetric interventions and maternal morbidity among women who experience severe postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean delivery

Abstract Background Compared to vaginal delivery, women undergoing cesarean delivery are at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Management approaches may differ between those undergoing prelabor cesarean delivery compared to intrapartum cesarean delivery. We examined surgical interventions, blood component use, and maternal outcomes among those experiencing severe postpartum hemorrhage within the two distinct cesarean delivery cohorts. Methods We performed secondary analyses of data from two cohorts who underwent prelabor cesarean delivery or intrapartum cesarean delivery at a tertiary obstetric center in the United States between 2002 and 2012. Severe postpartum hemorrhage was classified as an estimated blood loss ≥1500mL or receipt of a red blood cell transfusion up to 48h post-cesarean delivery. We examined blood component use, medical and surgical interventions and maternal outcomes. Results The prelabor cohort comprised 269 women and the intrapartum cohort comprised 278 women. In the prelabor cohort, one third of women received red blood cells intraoperatively or postoperatively, respectively. In the intrapartum cohort, 18% women received red blood cells intraoperatively vs. 44% postoperatively ( P Conclusion Our findings provide a snapshot of contemporary transfusion and surgical practices for severe postpartum hemorrhage management during cesarean delivery. To determine optimal transfusion and management practices in this setting, large pragmatic studies are needed.
Increased breast tissue receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) gene expression is associated with higher mammographic density in premenopausal women.

// Adetunji T. Toriola 1 , Ha X. Dang 2 , Ian S. Hagemann 3 , Catherine M. Appleton 4 , Graham A. Colditz 1 , Jingqin Luo 1 and Christopher A. Maher 2 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 2 The McDonnell Genome Institute, and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA 3 Genomics and Pathology Services, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 4 Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA Correspondence to: Adetunji T. Toriola, email: a.toriola@wustl.edu Keywords: mammographic density, breast cancer, RANKL, premenopausal women, prevention Received: April 12, 2017 Accepted: May 01, 2017 Published: May 17, 2017 ABSTRACT Increased mammographic breast density is associated with a 4–6-fold increased risk of breast cancer, yet lifestyle factors that can reduce dense breasts are yet to be identified, and viable prevention strategies to reduce breast density-associated breast cancer development are yet to be developed. We investigated the associations of breast tissue receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) pathway gene expression with mammographic density in 48 premenopausal women, with no previous history of cancer. Gene expression levels were measured in total RNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissue samples, using the NanoString nCounter platform. Mammographic density was classified based on the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data (BI-RADS). Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between gene expression and mammographic density. The mean age of participants was 44.4 years. Women with higher breast tissue RANKL ( TNFSF11 ) ( p -value = 0.0076), and TNF ( p -value = 0.007) gene expression had higher mammographic density. Our finding provides mechanistic support for a breast cancer chemoprevention trial with a RANKL inhibitor among high-risk premenopausal women with dense breasts.
Increasing phosphorescent quantum yields and lifetimes of platinum-alkynyl complexes with extended conjugation

The emission of platinum-alkynyl complexes with terminal pyridyl moieties changes upon simple alkylation reactions. Due to growing interest in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and light-emitting devices, understanding the nature of these changes is important to develop simple synthetic pathways for the rational design of photophysically active molecules. Herein, the choice of ligand isomer, methylation, and Pt-coordination environment on phosphorescent quantum yields, lifetimes, and associated radiative and non-radiative rate constants of eight organometallic complexes were studied. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments and computational studies provide evidence for stabilization of metallo-cumulene resonance forms whose increased rigidities manifest in the observed photophysical changes. This effect is more pronounced for 4-ethynylpyridyl complexes over 3-ethynylpyridyl variants since the metallo-cumulene form shifts electron density to the electronegative N-atom at the para site. Furthermore, the use of σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbenes to complete the Pt-coordination environment enhanced the quantum yield of phosphorescence as high as 39% (λmax = 512 nm) with a lifetime of 21.2 μs.
Genomic approaches to accelerate cancer interception

Although major advances have been reported in the last decade in the treatment of late-stage cancer with targeted and immune-based therapies, there is a crucial unmet need to develop new approaches to improve the prevention and early detection of cancer. Advances in genomics and computational biology offer unprecedented opportunities to understand the earliest molecular events associated with carcinogenesis, enabling novel strategies to intercept the development of invasive cancers. This Series paper will highlight emerging big data genomic approaches with the potential to accelerate advances in cancer prevention, screening, and early detection across various tumour types, and the challenges inherent in the development of these tools for clinical use. Through coordinated multicentre consortia, these genomic approaches are likely to transform the landscape of cancer interception in the coming years.
Longitudinal Associations of Pericardial and Intrathoracic Fat With Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium (from the Framingham Heart Study).

Cross-sectional studies have shown that pericardial fat is associated with atherosclerotic burden above and beyond generalized and central adiposity. Whether pericardial fat is longitudinally associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) has not been firmly established. We examined the associations between cardiac ectopic fat including pericardial and intrathoracic fat with CAC progression and incidence in a community-based study setting. Study participants were from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts who underwent multidetector computed tomography at 2 consecutive examinations (2002 to 2005 and 2008 to 2011) for the assessment of CAC. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to evaluate the associations between cardiac ectopic fat with CAC. Nonlinear associations were also examined. We included 1,732 participants (49.6% women, mean age 49.9 years). Of the 1,024 participants with a CAC score = 0 at baseline, 197 individuals developed a CAC score > 0 (19.2%) during 6.1 years of follow-up. The remaining 708 participants with a CAC score > 0 at baseline were eligible for CAC progression analysis. We identified nonlinear association between pericardial fat and CAC progression. Higher pericardial fat was associated with higher CAC progression only for those participants with pericardial fat higher than the median value (β = 56.0, p = 0.04). Intrathoracic fat was linearly associated with CAC progression (β = 23.0, p = 0.02). However, all of these associations did not persist after additional adjustment for body mass index, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, or waist circumference (all p ≥ 0.14). Neither pericardial nor intrathoracic fat were associated with CAC incidence (all p ≥ 0.33). Overall, both of the cardiac ectopic fat measures were longitudinally associated with CAC progression.
Criminal Justice Policy and the Criminal Lifestyle

Considers policy issues that impinge on criminal lifestyle theory. The principal issues covered in this chapter include the war on drugs, juvenile waivers to adult court, restorative justice, gender issues and crime, mass incarceration, and prisoner re-entry. In each case the emphasis is on what criminal lifestyle theory has to offer each policy initiative in both conceptualizing and resolving the relevant issues. The specific principle or principles from nonlinear dynamical systems theory that inform each initiative are also discussed.
Goal Relatedness and Learning: Evidence from Hospitals

Organizations vary significantly in the rates at which they learn from experience (i.e., learning by doing). While prior work has explored how different categories of prior experience affect learning outcomes, limited attention has been paid to the role played by the organizational context. We focus on one important aspect of an organization’s context—goals—and examine how the degree of goal relatedness across an organization’s diverse set of activities affects the rate at which it learns from experience. In doing so, we argue that even where otherwise diverse activities are knowledge related, if they are not goal related, learning by doing is likely to suffer. Using data from the hospital industry our findings suggest that goal relatedness is an important consideration when it comes to learning. Although goal-related teaching aids learning by doing in clinical care, we find that strong academic affiliations (and the research-oriented tasks and goals they bring with them) may detract from it.
1 Grant + 2 Institutions + 3 Course Variations = Data Science 4 All: (Abstract Only)

Data Science, often described at the intersection of computer science, statistical thinking and analysis, and subject matter expertise, has seen an exponential growth in the past few years. Courses (and entire programs) have been appearing at such a fast rate at most institutions of higher education, as well as some high schools, that comparisons between curricular and delivery models and rigorous discipline-based education research are often overlooked in order to gain competitive advantages. This study attempts to rectify that absence by evaluating, comparing, and discussing four different courses offered at two different institutions of higher education. Funded by NSF via a collaborative grant (DUE-1432438), faculty from Computer Science and Statistics departments collaborated on the development and evaluation of introductory courses in Data Science for all students, using a discipline-based education research approach. Data on students were gathered including demographics, curriculum, statistical knowledge, and attitudes towards Data Science. Post-course growth was measured, when available, and compared through formal statistical inference. End-of-course evaluations, with supplemental questions about student learning, were reviewed and will be summarized. Finally, reflections on successes, challenges, and lessons learned will be shared.
Five-equation and robust three-equation methods for solution verification of large eddy simulation

This study evaluates the recently developed general framework for solution verification methods for large eddy simulation (LES) using implicitly filtered LES of periodic channel flows at friction Reynolds number of 395 on eight systematically refined grids. The seven-equation method shows that the coupling error based on Hypothesis I is much smaller as compared with the numerical and modeling errors and therefore can be neglected. The authors recommend five-equation method based on Hypothesis II, which shows a monotonic convergence behavior of the predicted numerical benchmark (S C ), and provides realistic error estimates without the need of fixing the orders of accuracy for either numerical or modeling errors. Based on the results from seven-equation and five-equation methods, less expensive three and four-equation methods for practical LES applications were derived. It was found that the new three-equation method is robust as it can be applied to any convergence types and reasonably predict the error trends. It was also observed that the numerical and modeling errors usually have opposite signs, which suggests error cancellation play an essential role in LES. When Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based error estimation method is applied, it shows significant error in the prediction of S C on coarse meshes. However, it predicts reasonable S C when the grids resolve at least 80% of the total turbulent kinetic energy.
Neural, Hormonal, and Cognitive Correlates of Metabolic Dysfunction and Emotional Reactivity.

Objective Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (i.e., hyperglycemia) are characterized by insulin resistance. These problems with energy metabolism may exacerbate emotional reactivity to negatively valenced stimuli and related phenomena such as predisposition toward negative affect, as well as cognitive deficits. Higher emotional reactivity is seen with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. However, it is largely unknown how metabolic dysfunction correlates with related neural, hormonal, and cognitive outcomes. Methods Among 331 adults from the Midlife in the United States study, eye-blink response (EBR) we cross sectionally examined to gauge reactivity to negative, positive, or neutrally valenced pictures from international affect picture system stimuli proximal to an acoustic startle probe. Increased EBR to negative stimuli was considered an index of stress reactivity. Frontal alpha asymmetry, a biomarker of negative affect predisposition, was determined using resting electroencephalography. Baseline urinary cortisol output was collected. Cognitive performance was gauged using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by telephone. Fasting glucose and insulin characterized hyperglycemia or the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Results Higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance corresponded to an increased startle response, measured by EBR magnitude, for negative versus positive stimuli (R = 0.218, F(1,457) = 5.48, p = .020, euglycemia: M(SD) = .092(.776), hyperglycemia: M(SD) = .120(.881)). Participants with hyperglycemia versus euglycemia showed greater right frontal alpha asymmetry (F(1,307) = 6.62, p = .011, euglycemia: M(SD) = .018(.167), hyperglycemia: M(SD) = -.029(.160)), and worse Brief Test of Adult Cognition by telephone arithmetic performance (F(1,284) = 4.25, p = .040, euglycemia: M(SD) = 2.390(1.526), hyperglycemia: M(SD) = 1.920(1.462)). Baseline urinary cortisol (log10 μg/12 hours) was also dysregulated in individuals with hyperglycemia (F(1,324) = 5.09, p = .025, euglycemia: M(SD) = 1.052 ± .332, hyperglycemia: M(SD) = .961 (.362)). Conclusions These results suggest that dysmetabolism is associated with increased emotional reactivity, predisposition toward negative affect, and specific cognitive deficits.
Ambiguity Function Analysis for Dual-Function Radar Communications Using PSK Signaling

There is a presumed adverse effect on radar operation brought about from embedding communication signals in radar waveforms. Contrary to that presumption, we show in this paper that modulation of the radar pulse can indeed benefit both radar and communications in the dual system paradigm. This is shown by analyzing the impact of phase-shift keying (PSK) symbol embedding on the ambiguity function (AF) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Our analysis shows that the embedded PSK symbols yield reduction in the AF sidelobe peaks for a single pulse as well as for a series of radar pulses. To prove these results, we analyze the AF with and without the PSK symbol embedding. It is shown that the embedding of PSK symbols enable increasing the number of orthogonal transmit waveforms that can be used without increasing the sidelobe levels (SLL) of the corresponding AF.
Prospective association of e‐cigarette and cigarette use with alcohol use in two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prior cross-sectional research finds that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use clusters with higher rates of harmful alcohol consumption in the United States adult population. The current study examined prospectively the association between e-cigarette use, cigarette use and the combined use of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and alcohol use outcomes. DESIGN A nationally representative multi-wave cohort survey (wave 1: September 2013-December 2014, wave 2: October 2014-October 2015). SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of civilian, non-institutionalized adults who completed waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health survey (n = 26 427). MEASUREMENTS Participants were categorized into exposure groups according to their e-cigarette and cigarette use during wave 1. Past 30-day alcohol use outcomes were (1) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)-defined hazardous alcohol use, (2) total alcohol drinks consumed and (3) alcohol-related consequences. FINDINGS After controlling for socio-demographic risk factors and alcohol use at wave 1, all exposure groups showed higher odds of hazardous alcohol use [adjusted odds ratios (aORs) = 2.05-2.12, all P < 0.001] and reported higher past-month total drinks (B = 0.46-0.70, all P < 0.001) and more alcohol consequences (B = 0.63-0.89, all P ≤ 0.10) at wave 2 compared with non-users. Cigarette users (B = 0.24, P = 0.038) and dual e-cigarette/cigarette users (B = 0.32, P = 0.038) reported higher past-month total drinks compared with e-cigarette users. There was no conclusive evidence that non-daily use of e-cigarettes or cigarettes predicted poorer alcohol use outcomes compared with daily use. CONCLUSIONS In the United States between 2013 and 2015, after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, cigarette and e-cigarette use were associated with alcohol use 1 year later.
Selective Recruitment of Monocyte Subsets by Endothelial N-Glycans

Monocyte rolling, adhesion, and transmigration across the endothelium are mediated by specific interactions between surface adhesion molecules. This process is fundamental to innate immunity and to inflammatory disease, including atherosclerosis, where monocyte egress into the intimal space is central to formation of fatty plaques. Monocytes are a heterogeneous population of three distinct subsets of cells, all of which play different roles in atherosclerosis progression. However, it is not well understood how interactions between different monocyte subsets and the endothelium are regulated. Furthermore, it is appreciated that endothelial adhesion molecules are heavily N-glycosylated, but beyond regulating protein trafficking to the cell surface, whether and if so how these N-glycans contribute to monocyte recruitment is not known. This review discusses how changes in endothelial N-glycosylation may impact vascular and monocytic inflammation. It will also discuss how regulating N-glycoforms on the endothelial surface may allow for the recruitment of specific monocyte subsets to sites of inflammation, and how further understanding in this area may lead to the development of glyco-specific therapeutics in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Prognostic Value of Serum Thyroglobulin Measured at 48 Hours Versus 72 Hours after Second Dose of Recombinant Human Thyrotropin in Surveillance of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Objective The sensitivity of thyroglobulin (Tg) to detect differentiated thyroid cancer recurrence increases with the rise of the thyrotropin level. Since 1998, recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) has been commercially available for this purpose. The traditional protocol for using rhTSH calls for 2 daily injections of rhTSH, followed by the measurement of Tg 72 hours after the second dose. In this study, we compared the performance of rhTSH-stimulated Tg (rhTSH-Tg) obtained at 48 versus 72 hours after the second rhTSH. Methods A retrospective chart review of 1088 patients with thyroid cancer was conducted. Two hundred forty-nine rhTSH-Tg, without measurable Tg antibody, were identified, 134 of which were obtained at 48 hours (4-day test) and 115 at 72 hours after the second rhTSH (5-day test). The ability of rhTSH-Tg to identify recurrence or persistence of differentiated thyroid cancer and to predict response to therapy at the end of the study period was compared between the 2 groups. Results The median duration of follow-up was 8 years. When recurrent/persistent cancer was present based on a combination of unstimulated Tg, imaging and procedures, the ratio of rhTSH-Tg ≥ 1 ng/mL was similar in both groups (P value: .153). The negative predictive value of rhTSH-Tg to predict response to therapy over the long term was 95% or higher in 4-day and 5-day tests. Conclusion Tg measured 48 and 72 hours after the second dose of rhTSH may provide a comparable prognostic value. These results encourage further studies to identify new protocols to obtain rhTSH-Tg.
Uncertainty caused by life cycle impact assessment methods: Case studies in process-based LCI databases

Abstract Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) transforms inventories of environmental flows to environmental impacts in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. Many impact assessment methods have been developed for impact categories such as global warming, acidification, and ecotoxicity. These impact assessment methods provide different characterization factor values and impact units for the same impact category. LCA studies often report results for one or at most a few impact assessment methods and overlook the uncertainty caused by selecting and using different methods. In this study, we systematically evaluated uncertainties that result from considering different LCIA methods; cases from the US LCI and the ecoinvent database were used to demonstrate the uncertainties. Results showed that the discrepancies of the total impact results were caused by differences in 1) the total emission values included in the inventory; 2) the coverages of substances in methods, and 3) the differences in the characterization factor values of the substances. Case studies showed large uncertainties for all impact categories except for global warming. For most of the categories studied, the maximum values were 10,000 times larger than the minimum values. These results should be taken into consideration for impact assessments that involve categories with large uncertainties. The information provided by this paper can help researchers and software developers to understand the uncertainty caused by choosing different LCIA methods and the importance of communicating such information to LCA practitioners. The results can also help decision-makers to build guidance that is related to build and choose LCIA methods for various topics.
A phase I study of mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) and gemcitabine (G) in patients (Pts) with selected frα-positive solid tumors: Results in the ovarian cancer (EC) cohort.

5542Background: Mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) is an ADC comprising a FRα-binding antibody, cleavable linker, and the maytansinoid DM4, a potent tubulin-targeting agent. MIRV has promising single...
Hired and Contract Agricultural Workforce - Sustainable Solutions.

On August 7, 2019, a thematic session on hired and contract agricultural workers was held as part of the Western Agricultural Safety and Health Conference in Seattle, WA. This session had three goa...
Bhakti, Rasa, and Organizing Character Experience: Vopadeva, Śrīdhara, and Sanātana on Bhāgavata Purāṇa X.43.17

Through an examination of Bhāgavata Purāṇa X.43.17 and its interpretation by early commentators like Vopadeva, Hemādri, Śrīdhara, Sanātana, Rūpa, and Jīva, I argue that they created forms of hierarchical inclusivism by the application of rasa in the interpretation of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa. In doing so, I examine bhakti as a rasa, showing how rasa theory provided a vocabulary to include the characters of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa and their diverse experiences of the God Kṛṣṇa within hierarchical systems of bhakti. By hierarchical inclusivism, I mean a theory, e.g., in the case of rasa, “the superiority of passionate love over fear,” and that this theory provided criteria to order items, e.g., in the case of rasa again, “the character of the cowherd women is superior to the character of the king.” In this case, hierarchical inclusivism is a theory for organizing and evaluating the mystical and aesthetic experiences of the ten characters mentioned in Bhāgavata Purāṇa X.43.17. I look at how commentators also used rasa for the basis for doctrines about God’s being and nature.
Ultra-High Field Proton MR Spectroscopy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P4.134)

Objective: To investigate neurochemical differences in motor cortex and pons using ultra-high field (7 tesla) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in El Escorial possible, probable, and definite Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) vs. age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Background: MRS has the potential to reveal disturbances in brain metabolites relevant to neuronal loss, glial activation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Abnormal neurochemical levels can serve as biomarkers of phenotype, progression, and therapeutic engagement. To date however MRS has provided inconsistent results on neurotransmitter levels in ALS. Most studies have enrolled only subjects with El Escorial probable or definite ALS, limiting their ability to identify change with disease progression. Design/Methods: We utilized a short-echo semi-LASER sequence at 7 tesla to compare the neurochemical profiles of 19 people with early-stage ALS with 17 healthy controls in the motor cortex and pons. Clinical measures included El Escorial score and ALSFRS-R. Results: Subjects with ALS (ALSFRS-R = 39.8±5.6) had higher myo-inositol (mIns) levels (p Conclusions: 7 tesla MRS demonstrates multiple metabolite abnormalities in people with widespread clinical findings from ALS. Findings from this cross-sectional study support the rationale of a currently ongoing longitudinal MRS study in this ALS cohort. Study Supported by: Bob Allison Ataxia Research Center University of Minnesota Foundation University of Minnesota Health Department of Radiology Disclosure: Dr. Cheong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eberly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marjanska has nothing to disclose. Dr. Walk has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Pain Medicine.