cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B67: The impact of parity on the metastatic success of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa), the most common subtype, usually goes undetected until metastatic and often fatal stages of the disease. OvCa follows a unique form of metastasis, spreading through the peritoneal cavity and forming metastatic sites on the peritoneum. Epidemiologic data suggest that child-bearing, or parity, reduces a woman9s risk of developing ovarian cancer, with more births providing greater protection. Despite the association of parity with a decreased incidence of ovarian cancer, very few studies have explored the relationship between parity and metastatic success. A recent study compared metastatic success to the omentum in 12-month-old C57Bl/6 retired breeders and 5-month-old virgin mice, reporting that parous mice are less susceptible to metastasis due to the parity-associated differences in the immune compositional profile in the omental fat band (Cohen et al. 2013). This tumor study compared mice of different ages and did not report specific numbers of pregnancies. To further investigate the role of parity number in OvCa metastasis, we designed a study that controls for age and compares mice with specific parity number. Three age-matched C57Bl/6 groups were evaluated: nulliparous (V), parous 1 (P1), and parous 3 (P3) mice. We tested the effect of parity on metastatic success in vivo with an allograft study using the C57Bl/6 syngeneic ID8 mouse ovarian surface epithelial cell line. ID8 ovarian cancer cells (106) were injected into the peritoneal cavity of V, P1 and P3 mice. In contrast to the results of Cohen at al. that utilized a different syngeneic ovarian cancer cell line, we found no significant difference in metastasis to the omentum in the parous animals, but significantly reduced metastasis to the fat-enveloped ovaries and visceral fat pads in the P3 mice. This suggests that the visceral fat adjacent to the uterus and ovaries in multi-parous animals is a unique environment, resilient to metastasis. Factors in fat tissue responsible for this phenomenon are being investigated. Citation Format: Elizabeth A. Loughran, Ryan Phan, Annemarie K. Leonard, Laura Tarwater, Marwa Asem, Yuliya Klymenko, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Jeff Johnson, Matthew Ravosa, M. Sharon Stack. The impact of parity on the metastatic success of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
Site of iodination in rat mammary gland

The ability of the mammary gland to take up and organically bind radioiodide was studied in non-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats. Autoradiography was used to determine whether duct cells or alveolar cells are responsible for iodination in the rat mammary gland. Iodination was not detected in mammary glands from non-pregnant rats, but occurred late in the twelfth day of gestation and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. Protein-containing vacuoles in alveolar cells and casein-like proteins in milk were the major sites where iodination occurred within the gland. Milk proteins in the lumens of ductules adjacent to alveoli were also iodinated. In contrast, ducts, myoepithelial cells, fat cells, blood vessels and other histological components of the gland did not show iodinating capability. Cytochemistry was also used to identify endogenous mammary peroxidase activity in the same glands, and it was found that the presence and location of this enzyme was correlated with the ability to iodinate.
Part XIII. Problems in the evaluation of gastrointestinal drugs

The evaluation of drugs in gastroenterology often has been characterized by the philosophy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc and by a lack of sophistication about the essentials of an objective, controlled drug testing program. Several pertinent problems in the appraisal of gastroenterologic drugs will be considered in this article.
About Vectorial Hardy Type Fractional Inequalities

Here we present vectorial integral inequalities for products of multivariate convex and increasing functions applied to vectors of functions.
Effects of Inhomogeneous Broadening on Resonance Fluorescence and the Growth of Laser Instabilities

A recent multimode quantum theory1 of light interactions shows how spontaneous emission influences the build-up of sidemodes in active and passive cavities containing a homogeneously-broadened medium of two-level strong-signal resonance fluorescence4 in appropriate limits, showing how this important phenomenon is explained in the context of Lamb theory. Contrary to what one might expect, the theory predicts a two-peaked spontaneous-emission spectrum for the onset of laser and optical-bistability sidemodes. The elimination of the central peak is due to a quantum three-wave mixing process. The laser sidemode instabilities are of great interest partly because they have led to all-optical chaos.5 The chaos experiments that have been performed involve inhomogeneously-broadened media. The present paper includes this broadening in the quantum treatment. This work also predicts the spectrum of resonance fluorescence in inhomogeneously-broadened stationary media, which has not to our knowledge been published. We have obtained analytic expressions for a Lorentzian inhomogeneous broadening function, allowing us to study the transition from homogeneous broadening to the inhomogeneous-broadening limit.
Salivary Diagnostics and the Oral Microbiome

Our oral cavity hosts an extraordinary variety of microorganisms. Recent work has started to look at the composition of the oral microbiome in both healthy and disease states. Various stages of caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, plus novel work understanding the role of bacteria in other diseases/conditions and carcinogenesis, reveal that our oral microbiome has an intriguing link to our global health. Together, these studies have combined a number of techniques, including human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM) and high-throughput sequencing, to survey the oral flora composition. Microorganisms’ sensitivity to small changes in the environment including pH, nutrients and metabolites, oxygen and water levels, and host immune factors has been broadly studied. Ideally, the high sensitivity of oral microorganisms should forecast subtle changes in the health status and potentially serve as a biomarker for early detection of disease. Paired with other host saliva biomarkers, the oral microbiome presents a novel noninvasive diagnostic tool for monitoring changes in human physiology and a potential shift toward disease.
Behavior Modification in the Protozoan Stentor Re-Examined

Behavior modification in the protozoan Stentor was investigated by using a classical conditioning procedure and conventional controls. The phenomenon of learning was not demonstrated in this experiment. Stentor became free-swimming quickly whenever the carmine US was presented, regardless of experimental conditions.
Data characterizing microfabricated human blood vessels created via hydrodynamic focusing

This data article provides further detailed information related to our research article titled "Microfabricated Blood Vessels Undergo Neovascularization" (DiVito et al., 2017) [1], in which we report fabrication of human blood vessels using hydrodynamic focusing (HDF). Hydrodynamic focusing with advection inducing chevrons were used in concert to encase one fluid stream within another, shaping the inner core fluid into 'bullseye-like" cross-sections that were preserved through click photochemistry producing streams of cellularized hollow 3-dimensional assemblies, such as human blood vessels (Daniele et al., 2015a, 2015b, 2014, 2016; Roberts et al., 2016) [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Applications for fabricated blood vessels span general tissue engineering to organ-on-chip technologies, with specific utility in in vitro drug delivery and pharmacodynamics studies. Here, we report data regarding the construction of blood vessels including cellular composition and cell positioning within the engineered vascular construct as well as functional aspects of the tissues.
Impact of Engagement in Exercise on Sleep Quality Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

ABSTRACT Background: Exercise has beneficial effects for physical health outcomes and has also been shown to reduce the severity of psychological health symptoms. Recent studies have shown a potentially positive impact of exercise on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prominent among those with PTSD, sleep disturbance and nightmares are among the top three PTSD symptoms commonly reported by treatment-seeking Veterans. Regular physical exercise has been consistently associated with better sleep. This study utilized a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between exercise and sleep among Veterans with PTSD symptoms at baseline and one-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Veterans (n = 76) who served in support of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn were recruited for this study. Correlations were assessed between PTSD symptoms, sleep, and engagement in exercise at each time point (baseline, one-year follow-up). Regression analyses were conducted to examine th...
Abstract 032: Soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) Imbalance Disrupts Vascular and Uteroplacental Gelatinolytic Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-2 and -9 and Collagenolytic MMP-1 and -7 Balance in Hypertensive Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy manifested as hypertension-in-pregnancy (HTN-Preg) and fetal growth restriction. Placental ischemia could be an initiating event, but the linking mechanisms and tissue targets are unclear. Placental ischemia is associated with increased sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, and we have shown changes in MMPs in pregnant rat model of reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP). To test the hypothesis that sFlt-1/PlGF imbalance could target vascular and uteroplacental MMPs, we tested if raising sFlt-1/PlGF ratio by infusing sFlt-1 (10 μg/kg/day) in Preg rats would increase BP and alter MMPs, and if correcting sFlt-1/PlGF ratio by infusing PlGF (20 μg/kg/day) in RUPP rats improves BP and reverses the changes in MMPs. On day 19, BP was recorded and the aorta, placenta, uterus and uterine artery were isolated for measuring MMP activity using gelatin and casein zymography and protein levels of MMPs and collagen I and IV using Western blots. BP was in Preg+sFlt 121±3 > Preg 93±7 and in RUPP+PlGF 97±4 RUPP. MMP-2 levels were in aorta of Preg+sFlt 3.30±0.05 RUPP 2.62±0.12. Similarly, MMP-2 in placenta, uterus and uterine artery and MMP-9 in all tissues were in Preg+sFlt RUPP. In contrast, MMP-1 levels were in aorta of Preg+sFlt 1.73±0.33 > Preg 0.55±0.49, and in RUPP+PlGF 0.53±0.18 Preg and in RUPP+PlGF Preg 0.06±0.01, and in RUPP+PlGF 0.01±0.00 Preg and in RUPP+PlGF
Estilo de vida y Salvación

“Estilo de vida y salvacion” – Este es el segundo articulo de una serie de tres en el que el autor se propone discutir la relacion entre el estilo de vida adventista y la experiencia de la salvacion, mostrando las implicaciones de este tema para el ministerio pastoral. En este segundo articulo se estudian los fundamentos biblicos de la relacion entre estilo de vida y salvacion, a partir del analisis de pasajes escogidos de Cristo y Pablo. Una lectura integrada de los mismos a partir de los presupuestos hermeneuticos biblicos, y no a partir de los presupuestos neoplatonicos subyacentes a la teologia protestante, demuestra que el estilo de vida pertenece a la experiencia de la salvacion y no puede reducirse a la justificacion. La experiencia de la salvacion comprende entonces la respuesta de fe a la revelacion de Dios en su Palabra y la permanencia en ella, el discipulado, la santificacion y la justificacion que incluye la liberacion de los pecados pasados. El estilo de vida cristiano no es solamente un fruto de la salvacion sino un componente esencial de la experiencia misma de la salvacion.
Application of Oncolytic Virus as a Therapy of Cancer

Cancer is one of the major threat to human society, which is the second leading global cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases. Most popular chemo-therapy and radiation-therapy have a significant impact on cancer treatment but till date, they are not successful in many advanced cases and metastatic stage of cancer. This leads the researcher to investigate new strategies to combat by selectively killing cancer cells without damaging normal cells. Viral oncotherapy is such a hopeful treatment option that offers an opportunity for targeting cancer cells. In this therapy, wild type or engineered oncolytic viruses are use to infect and destroy cancer cells by oncolysis. As a result of this new infectious viral particles are release to facilitate the destruction of the remaining cancerous cells. These viruses with anticancer activity can be designed in many ways and use in combination with other cancer therapy to increase their tumor selectivity and improve oncolytic activity. Here, we will discuss the strategies for oncolytic viral engineering with the mechanisms by which these viruses specifically kill tumor cells that make a promising modality for cancer therapy.
Beat-PIN: A User Authentication Mechanism for Wearable Devices Through Secret Beats

Wearable devices that capture users' rich information regarding their daily activities have unmet authentication needs. Today's solutions, which primarily rely on indirect authentication mechanisms via users' smartphones, thus cumbersome and susceptible to adversary intrusions. Even though there have been some efforts trying to fill this gap, they either rely on some superior sensors, such as cameras and electrocardiogram (ECG) pads, or are awkward to use, e.g., users are asked to perform some pre-defined movement/gesture for authentication. Therefore, an authentication mechanism for wearable devices that is accurate, robust, light-weight and convenient is in dire need. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a user authentication mechanism, Beat-PIN, for wearable devices that are equipped with touch sensors. A user's password is a set of recorded beats when he/she taps the device. We call this rhythm-based password as a beat-PIN, which is represented by the timing of its beats. To achieve high authentication accuracy with short training overhead, we propose a novel classification method. Through extensive experimental evaluation with 124 participants, we show that our mechanism can achieve the average EER of 7.2% with only 7 training samples. Besides, its login time is as low as 1.7s. We also show that its average power consumption for training and login is 337.2mW and 181.4mW, separately, which is lower than that for most common operations on smartwatches. More importantly, we provide a theoretical analysis over the beat-PIN's raw space size and show that it is much larger than that of digit-PINs and traditional passwords.
Kraus, R. (1997). Recreation programming: A benefits driven approach

(1997). Kraus, R. (1997). Recreation programming: A benefits driven approach. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 141-144.
Crystallography of a Metal-Containing Protein, Concanavalin A

Concanavalin A* is a protein of the class called lectins. These proteins agglutinate or bind to the surfaces of various types of cells, specifically by interaction with carbohydrates on the surface membranes, and are of current interest in various types of cancer research. Many proteins of this class have been referred to as phytohemagglutinins or phytoagglutinins (Boyd and Shapleigh, 1954), but the term lectin has come into prominance more recently because not all of these substances are found in plants. Some have been isolated from invertebrates and lower vertebrates such as fish (Pardoe and Uhlenbruck, 1970). A short review on lectins by Sharon and Lis (1972) has recently appeared and is an excellent source for additional references.
High Factor VIII, von Willebrand Factor, and Fibrinogen Levels and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Blacks and Whites

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects more than 300,000 people in the United States each year. However, it has been estimated that current diagnostic testing fails to identify prothrombotic risk in 50% of VTE patients. This article examines the relationship between levels of the pro-coagulant proteins factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF), and fibrinogen and risk of VTE in order to assess the impact of these novel risk factors. Data were collected from patients enrolled in the matched case-control Genetic Attributes and Thrombosis Epidemiology study. Crude and adjusted conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of FVIII, VWF, and fibrinogen on risk of VTE. Before adjustment for independent predictors of VTE risk, high levels of FVIII, VWF, and fibrinogen were significantly associated with increased risk of VTE in both Blacks and Whites. After adjustment for ABO type, factor VII levels, hypertension, renal disease, recent surgery, diabetes, annual household income, alcohol use, and the other proteins of interest (FVIII, VWF, and/or fibrinogen), high FVIII and VWF levels were associated with increased risk of VTE in Blacks (OR: 1.97 [1.01-3.84] and 3.39 [1.58-7.27], respectively). High FVIII only was significantly associated with risk of VTE in Whites (OR: 2.35 [1.16-4.75]). Future research into the inclusion of these protein levels in risk models for VTE could help identify persons at highest risk.
Towards Service Orchestration in XML Filtering Overlays

Various types of applications and services generate vast amounts of XML data feeds that may be streamed in near real time to different subscribing endpoints in order to take actions in a timely manner. In an earlier work we proposed an XML overlay network comprised of brokers that can be configured for efficient XML message filtering and replication with concurrent subscribers. The selective filtering reduces the bandwidth consumption of the network and also provides applications with data on a need-to-know basis. In our current work we propose the improvement upon original architecture through addition of service orchestration features to individual broker nodes. The filtering overlay network can be orchestrated to update service properties on individual filtering nodes. We provide a preliminary implementation to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Functional and developmental influences on intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebrae.

Objectives We tested whether patterns of intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebral shape are consistent with developmental or functional predictions. Intraspecific variation was compared across column regions, morphological features, and species. Transitional regions and later ossifying morphological features were predicted to exhibit increased variation. The lumbosacral region, biomechanically important morphological features, and species with high locomotor demand and/or dedicated pronogrady were predicted to exhibit decreased variation. Materials and methods We used a modified Levene's test to compare intraspecific variation in dimensions of the neural canal, vertebral bodies, and spinous and transverse processes in lower thoracic to proximal sacral vertebrae. The sample included all hominoid genera and one cercopithecoid (Chlorocebus). Results We found little difference in variation across regions of the vertebral column. In hominoids, vertebral body dimensions were the least variable, neural canal dimensions the most variable, with spinous and transverse processes generally intermediate. Among species, there was a general though not always significant pattern for Chlorocebus to exhibit the least variation, followed by Homo or Hylobates. Discussion Patterns of variation across morphological features may reflect the complex interaction of functional constraints, developmental timing, and/or variable biomechanical forces. Pongo's elevated variation in spinous process length suggests a release from functional constraint, consistent with its suspensory locomotion and reduced spinous processes. Interspecific differences in vertebral variation based on locomotor demand or posture are generally consistent with patterns previously reported for vertebral formula and other aspects of morphology. Future research would benefit from an expanded taxonomic sample and more detailed analyses of vertebral modularity and developmental timing.
Vallejo aporético: la individualización en La piedra cansada

A finales de 1937, Cesar Vallejo regresa de Madrid a Paris donde escribe Espana, aparta de mi este caliz, y rigurosamente corrige su mas lograda obra teatral La piedra cansada, una tragedia sofocleana situada en el Imperio incaico del siglo XV. Si es en este momento de crisis social en que el peruano se muestra mas comprometido que nunca con la causa republicana, ?por que retoma «la piedra cansada», un tropo precolombino de quinientos anos atras? ?Por que recurrir al topos andino frente a la inminente caida de la Republica espanola? Para contestar estas preguntas, hago hincapie en la contradiccion principal del drama —en tanto que uno se individualiza plenamente se vuelve intercambiable en absoluto— con el objetivo de indagar en las multiples modalidades de la ceguera que vienen a caracterizar al albanil y heroe de la tragedia, el obrero llamado Tolpor. ABSTRACTAt the end of 1937, Cesar Vallejo returns from Madrid to Paris where he writes Espana, aparta de mi este caliz (‘Spain, Let This Cup Pass From Me’), and severely corrects his most successful play La piedra cansada (‘The Tired Stone’), a Sophoclean tragedy located in the Inca empire of the 15th century. If it is at this time of social crisis when a Peruvian seems to be more committed than ever to the republican cause, so why does he take up La piedra cansada, a pre-Columbian trope for five hundred years ago? Why did he resort to the Andean topo in place of the imminent fall of the Spanish Republic? To answer these questions, this paper emphasizes the main contradiction of the drama —so as you fully identify yourself and become interchangeable at all— with the aim of investigating the multiple modalities of blindness which come to characterize the bricklayer and hero of the tragedy, the worker called Tolpor. Keywords: Vallejo, theatre, aporia, La piedra cansada (‘The Tired Stone’).
The Neuroscience of Addiction

This book addresses a growing need for accessible information on the neuroscience of addiction. In the past decade, neuroscientific research has greatly advanced our understanding of the brain mechanisms of addiction. However this information still remains largely confined to scientific outlets. As legislation continues to evolve and the stigma surrounding addiction persists, new findings on the impact of substances on the brain are an important public health issue. Francesca Mapua Filbey gives readers an overview of research on addiction including classic theories as well as current neuroscientific studies. A variety of textual supports - including a glossary, learning objectives and review questions - help students better reinforce their reading and make the text a ready-made complement to undergraduate and graduate courses on addiction.
MCEM: Multi-Level Cooperative Exception Model for HPC Workflows

As fault recovery mechanisms become increasingly important in HPC systems, the need for a new recovery model for workflows on these systems grows as well. While the traditional approach in which each system component attempts its own independent recovery after a fault works well at each individual application level, this model does not scale to the new level demanded by workflow-level exception handling. As today's workflows must often run many components simultaneously (e.g., workflow manager components, many simulation instances, data analytics etc), any uncoordinated model can quickly result in redundant or contradictory recovery actions. In this paper, we propose a multi-level cooperative exception model (MCEM), a novel exception handling approach that solves this coordination challenge for HPC workflows. We present our model, describe how it can be applied to common system faults and other workflow specific exceptions, and demonstrate how it reduces redundant I/O in the case of a file-system quota exception.
Olefin/paraffin separation through membranes: from mechanisms to critical materials

The separation of olefins and paraffin is one of the most challenging and energy-intensive processes, which has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. The well-established separation technology in industry, the so-called cryogenic high-pressure distillation, requires large distillation columns with 120 to 180 trays because of the similar sizes and boiling points of olefins and paraffin, which consumes a huge amount of energy. In addition to the traditional cryogenic distillation, non-thermal separation processes such as preferential adsorption and membrane separation have been developed to circumvent the utilization of heat and diminish the energy consumption. Membrane separation shows great advantages for olefin/paraffin separation due to their low energy consumption and continuous operation. Additionally, the rapid development of novel porous materials, e.g., metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) has further boosted the research on the membrane separation of olefins and paraffin in recent years. In this review, we first summarized the separation mechanisms adopted to date for olefin/paraffin separation. Then, we summarized the materials used for the fabrication of membranes and separation, including traditional dense polymers, inorganic zeolites, carbon molecular sieves (CMSs) and newly developed MOFs. Special attention was paid to the new separation mechanisms, novel porous materials and strategies for membrane fabrication.
Treatment of pathologic healthy eating (orthorexia nervosa)

Abstract Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed eating disorder diagnosis characterized by excessive preoccupation with health and rigid, compulsive adherence to often idiosyncratic healthy eating “rules.” ON bears many similarities to currently recognized diagnoses, including anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The phenomenological similarities among these diagnoses have led some to argue that ON, like anorexia nervosa, may be an eating disorder in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. The ON research is in its very early stages. The construct was first described in 1997, and only since 2013, psychometrically sound symptom measures have been available to researchers. There is no evidence-based treatment for ON. In this chapter, ON is conceptualized as a manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder, with intrusive thoughts about health and food being managed through avoidance and ritualizing (e.g., eating only “healthy” foods, engaging in checking or safety behaviors to ensure food “quality”), which are negatively reinforced by temporary relief from anxiety. Exposure and response prevention treatment is recommended to help patients recognize and interrupt this cycle of anxiety and avoidance. Because ON can impact nutrition and weight, and because of the need for differential diagnosis with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders, interventions and assessment strategies are informed by evidence-based practice for disordered eating.
Abstract TS1-3: Proteogenomics and Clinical Translation

Improvements in breast cancer treatment are being achieved at an increasing pace in all three clinical subsets of the disease, namely ER+ HER2- (luminal), HER2+ (HER2-driven) and ER- PgR- and HER2- (triple negative). While these disease groupings served as useful approximations of the immense diversity of breast cancer when only endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and trastuzumab were available, the inadequacy of this disease classification is readily evident when set against the sophistication of our growing therapeutic armamentarium. What is on the horizon to replace our simple immunohistochemistry-based subtyping approaches to avoid misdiagnosis and consequent mismanagement? In this lecture I will make the argument that the advent of efficient and accurate protein mass spectrometry provides the “missing link” in ‘omics analysis that integrates information derived from next generation DNA and RNA analysis to create a more secure diagnostic conclusion. The new field of “clinical proteogenomics” validates proposed disease drivers, dissects complex amplicons, monitors signaling perturbations in response to targeted treatments and determines the activity of the immune microenvironment. The advent of cloud computing promotes the efficient delivery of individualized proteogenomic therapeutic road maps as a near-term possibility. Citation Format: MJ Ellis. Proteogenomics and Clinical Translation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr TS1-3.
Trends and risk markers of student hazardous drinking: a comparative analysis using longitudinally linked datasets in a public university.

This study compares the incidence and risk-markers of student alcohol intoxication-related emergency department (ED) visits and alcohol-related incidents reported to student affairs. Methods: Enrol...
Social-Emotional Development in Young Children and the Purpose of Early Intervention

This chapter will outline key developmental milestones in early childhood and highlight the context of young children’s social-emotional development, a critical consideration when assessing or intervening in regard to a young child’s developmental skills. This includes larger societal and community context along with the daily contexts of the home environment, caregiving style, and caregiver-child dyad, all of which play a role in the social-emotional development of a child. Existing literature demonstrates that social-emotional problems in the early years are associated with numerous long-term challenges, including impaired relationships, academic and learning issues, and a decreased likelihood for completing high school and securing a stable vocation. Such powerful linkages underscore the importance of providing a child and family with the supports needed as early in development as possible to ensure they are set on a positive trajectory. This chapter will conclude with a discussion of the importance of early intervention programs and decades of growing empirical support for such programs. While specific early intervention programs can vary from region to region, more information on the federal early intervention program, established by the legislation, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Parts B and C, will be provided. IDEA Parts B and C mandate the provision of services and supports for children birth to school age with developmental disabilities and their families.
Outcomes of Septuagenarians Undergoing Heart Transplant after the UNOS Allocation Policy Change

Purpose Heart transplantation in septuagenarians can be controversial and is often center dependent. The purpose of this analysis is to compare outcomes in septuagenarians awaiting heart transplant before and after implementation of the UNOS allocation policy change in October 2018. Methods The UNOS registry was queried for patients > 70 years old at time of registration 12 months before and after the UNOS allocation policy change. A total of 158 patients > 70 years old were identified with 83 patients in the pre-policy (PRE) cohort and 75 patients in the post-policy (POST) cohort. Baseline characteristics were compared using the Mann Whitney U test and Chi square test. 6-month survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Univariate cox regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for donor and recipient age, creatinine, bilirubin, dialysis requirement, and ischemic time were performed. Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics including age, gender, hemodynamics, or ethnicity. There was a significant increase in ischemic time of donor hearts (P=0.009) and use of left ventricular assist devices (P=0.040), with a marked decrease in use of intra-aortic balloon pumps (P Conclusion Transplantation of septuagenarians under the new allocation policy is associated with decreased waitlist time with trend towards increased mortality post transplant. Further study is warranted to assess if these outcomes persist and long term implications of the policy change.
Evolutionary clustering and community detection algorithms for social media health surveillance

Abstract The prominent rise of social networks within the past decade have become a gold mine for data mining operations seeking to model the real world through these virtual worlds. One of the most important applications that has been proposed is utilizing information generated from social networks as a supplemental health surveillance system to monitor disease epidemics. At the time this research was conducted in 2020, the COVID-19 virus had evolved into a global pandemic, forcing many countries to implement preventative measures to halt its expanse. Health surveillance has been a powerful tool in placing further preventative measures, however it is not a perfect system, and slowly collected, misidentified information can prove detrimental to these efforts. This research proposes a new potential surveillance avenue through unsupervised machine learning using dynamic, evolutionary variants of clustering algorithms DBSCAN and the Louvain method to allow for community detection in temporal networks. This technique is paired with geographical data collected directly from the social media Twitter, to create an effective and accurate health surveillance system that grows as time passes. The experimental results show that the proposed system is promising and has the potential to be an advancement on current machine learning health surveillance techniques.
Self-citation and corruption: cross-sectional, cross-country study

# Background Self-citation appears to be widely prevalent. However, the structural drivers of self-citation are poorly understood. # Methods Data for this study were obtained from a recently published study of Scopus data aggregated across all authors with \>5 publications, across all scientific fields, which yielded aggregate, country-level data on the mean co-author self-citation rate for the period 1960-2018. These data were merged with 2018 data from Transparency International on corruption, and additional data extracted from the World Development Indicators. The country-level association between the self-citation rate and the corruption index was estimated using multivariable linear regression. # Results Across 178 countries, the correlation between the mean self-citation rate and the corruption index was -0.52, 95% confidence interval, CI=-0.62 to -0.41. Among the 49 countries in the lowest quartile of the corruption index, the mean self-citation rate was 0.24 (standard deviation, SD=0.06). Among the 44 countries in the highest quartile of the corruption index, the mean self-citation rate was 0.21 (SD=0.05). In a weighted linear regression model with robust estimates of variance, the corruption index had a statistically significant association with the mean self-citation rate (2nd quartile compared with 1st quartile: *b*=-0.08 (95% CI=-0.17 to -0.01); 3rd quartile: *b*=-0.11 (95% CI=-0.19 to -0.02); 4th quartile: *b*=-0.10 (95% CI=-0.19 to -0.01; N=165). The implied effect size was large in magnitude and robust to potential confounding by unmeasured covariates. # Conclusions In this cross-sectional, cross-country analysis, there was a strong correlation between a country’s overall level of corruption and the mean self-citation rate. The estimated association was statistically significant, large in magnitude, and unlikely to be explained away by unmeasured confounding. Better understanding of how corruption norms evolve is likely to be critical in addressing the problem of extreme self-citation and other forms of citation manipulation.
Constructing Robust Poverty Trends in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 2008-14

This paper constructs and tests the robustness of consistently measured poverty trends in the Islamic Republic of Iran after 2008, using international poverty lines based on U.S. dollars at 2011 purchasing power parity. The constructed estimates reveal three distinct periods of welfare in the Islamic Republic of Iran: increase in poverty and inequality between 2008 and 2009, decline in poverty and inequality between 2009 and 2012, and gradual deterioration of both indicators again after 2012. The results are robust regardless of the choice of welfare aggregate, inclusion or exclusion of different components, and spatial adjustment accounting for regional variation in food and housing prices.
Aqueous Processing of Atmospheric Organic Particles in Cloud Water Collected via Aircraft Sampling

Cloudwater and below-cloud atmospheric particle samples were collected onboard a research aircraft during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) over a forested region of Alabama in June 2013. The organic molecular composition of the samples was studied to gain insights into the aqueous-phase processing of organic compounds within cloud droplets. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) and direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) were utilized to compare the organic composition of the particle and cloudwater samples, respectively. Isoprene and monoterpene-derived organosulfates and oligomers were identified in both the particles and cloudwater, showing the significant influence of biogenic volatile organic compound oxidation above the forested region. While the average O:C ratios of the organic compounds were similar between the atmospheric particle and cloudwater samples, the chemical composition of these samples was quite differe...
Shop Social: The Adventures of a Barcode Scanning Application in the Wild

Mobile retail is a space rich with plausible hypotheses but sparse on longitudinal datasets that give us a corpus of user behavior to validate or disprove theories around the use of digital devices in a physical store. Popular price comparison apps such as ShopSavvy have shown that a smartphone in the aisle is a reality that brick-and-mortar retailers have to contend with. A nuanced, data-driven understanding of a smartphone powered shopper might enable store-based retailers to leverage the smartphone rather than fear it as something that leads to sales erosion. To this end, we built and deployed a novel, mobile retail app that blends mobile, media and social capabilities. In this paper, we describe the user needs and design axioms behind the app, and the data that we’ve collected over the course of its use by about 5,500 users over the period of a year.
'Plan B:' how it works. Science shows it is not an abortifacient.

The purpose of this article is to review the evidence for how levonorgestrel or "Plan B" prevents pregnancy. It describes levonorgestrels mode of action and how it prevents ovulation discusses the important timing of the administration of Plan B and addresses the concerns regarding if Plan B prevents implantation.
Relative reactivities of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relative reactivities of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates, which is of considerable value in the field of syntheses. The selective reactivity of hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates in many instances seems to be a consequence of spatial arrangement of the groups. This is especially indicated in those reactions, such as acyl migration, where the postulation of a cyclic intermediate seems to explain the course of the reaction. Neighboring groups in general may have a very pronounced effect on the reactivity of a given hydroxyl group. The enhanced reactivity of the 2-hydroxyl as compared to other secondary hydroxyl groups has been noted primarily in reactions requiring alkaline media. This effect is probably a result of the greater acidity of hydroxyl groups adjacent to a carbonyl or a potential carbonyl group. The greater reactivity of the primary and the 2-hydroxyl group over those of the other secondary alcohol groups is strongly indicated.
Generalized Boosting Algorithms for Convex Optimization

Boosting is a popular way to derive powerful learners from simpler hypothesis classes. Following previous work (Mason et al., 1999; Friedman, 2000) on general boosting frameworks, we analyze gradient-based descent algorithms for boosting with respect to any convex objective and introduce a new measure of weak learner performance into this setting which generalizes existing work. We present the first weak to strong learning guarantees for the existing gradient boosting work for smooth convex objectives, and also demonstrate that this work fails for non-smooth objectives. To address this issue, we present new algorithms which extend this boosting approach to arbitrary convex loss functions and give corresponding weak to strong convergence results. In addition, we demonstrate experimental results that support our analysis and demonstrate the need for the new algorithms we present.
Xeric Mediterranean-type shrubland associations of Alta and Baja California and the community/continuum debate

A survey of the xeric shrublands of Pacific coastal North America from San Francisco to El Rosario (Mexico), including the inner Channel Islands, was conducted using 99 sample sites of 0.063 ha size. TWINSPAN classification and DECORAN A ordination confirmed the existence of two plant formations, distinguishable physiognomically: coastal sage scrub and coastal succulent scrub. Within coastal sage scrub, four floristic associations were recognized: Diablan, Venturan, Riversidian and Diegan. Within coastal succulent scrub, two floristic associations were defined: Martirian and Vizcainan. These associations occur in distinct geographical regions following the coastline, with the Riversidian association occurring in the basin inland from Venturan and Diegan regions. Their locations are strongly correlated with differences in evapotranspirative stress regimes. The Channel Island sites show affinities to several of the mainland associations. The Venturan association can be further subdivided floristically into two subassociations, dominated by Salvia mellifera and S. leucophylla respectively. These subassociations which are coextensive geographically at a regional scale, typically do not intermingle at a local scale but often meet along sharp boundaries in the landscape. The dominant species segregate by moisture preference, S. mellifera preferring coarser-texture soils and more southerly aspects thanS. leucophylla. Richness and equitability of these sites are depressed relative to other xeric shrubland sites, reflecting the fact that the two subassociations partition the Venturan flora into substantially non-overlapping subsets of species. This segregation of associates between the two Salvia dominance types strongly suggests biotic influence of the dominants on subordinate species, perhaps mediated by allelopathy. This biotic interaction, leading to relatively strong floristic subassociations segregating independently in the landscape, would provide an example of the holistic community structure referred to by Clements and his followers, embedded within a larger pattern of continuity in species distributions.
The nature of the sunspot phenomenon. III - Energy consumption and energy transport. IV - The intrinsic instability of the magnetic configuration

The basic relation is described between conversion of thermal energy into convective fluid motion and convective transport of thermal energy, and the equilibrium configuration of a sunspot's magnetic field is shown to be unstable to the hydromagnetic exchange instability. It is determined that heat transport necessarily accompanies convective driving of fluid motion and that the formation of cool sunspots requires convection extending coherently over several scale heights, a distance of at least 500 km. Several theoretical possibilities for sunspot stabilization are reviewed, and it is suggested that a suitable redistribution of cooling in the umbra may be the stabilization mechanism. It is believed that if cooling extends to a great depth in an elongated portion of a sunspot, the magnetic pressure on the boundary will be reduced, tending to reduce the elongation.
Optimal estimation of training interval for channel equalizations

An optimal training equalization for wireless communication is proposed and analyzed. By our scheme, the training of the equalizer is carried out periodically, with the training interval optimized for a maximal channel utilization. A closed-form expression for the optimal training interval is derived via a semi-Markov process (SMP) which requires knowledge of the channel equalization failure time distribution. A statistical estimation algorithm is presented and applied to adaptively estimate and track the optimal interval when the failure time distribution is not available. Numerical results show that by choosing the optimal training interval, the channel utilization can be improved, and the statistical estimation algorithm can effectively approach the optimal solution with a reasonable number of failure time data points.
Proton beam radiation therapy of prostate cancer - history, results, and future directions

Proton beam radiation therapy of organ-confined prostate cancer now constitutes one of the most commonly treated malignancies with this modality. This paper will provide a concise review of the history of proton beam therapy of prostate cancer, discuss the most recently published clinical data, examine the future uses of proton beam radiotherapy in prostate cancer treatment, and seek to place proton beam therapy in the context of other technological evolutions in radiation oncology.
The impact of exposure to shift-based schedules on medical students

Background : With new resident duty-hour regulations, resident work schedules have progressively transitioned towards shift-based systems, sometimes resulting in increased team fragmentation. We hypothesized that exposure to shift-based schedules and subsequent team fragmentation would negatively affect medical student experiences during their third-year internal medicine clerkship. Design : As part of a larger national study on duty-hour reform, 67 of 150 eligible third-year medical students completed surveys about career choice, teaching and supervision, assessment, patient care, well-being, and attractiveness of a career in internal medicine after completing their internal medicine clerkship. Students who rotated to hospitals with shift-based systems were compared to those who did not. Non-demographic variables used a five-point Likert scale. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the relationships between exposure to shift-based schedules and student responses. Questions with univariate p ≤0.1 were included in multivariable logistic regression models. Results : Thirty-six students (54%) were exposed to shift-based schedules. Students exposed to shift-based schedules were less likely to perceive that their attendings were committed to teaching (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13–0.90, p =0.01) or perceive that residents had sufficient exposure to assess their performance (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.91, p =0.03). However, those students were more likely to feel their interns were able to observe them at the bedside (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08–3.13, p =0.02) and had sufficient exposure to assess their performance (OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.01–8.86, p =0.05). Conclusions : These findings suggest that shift-based schedules designed in response to duty-hour reform may have important broader implications for the teaching environment. Keywords: duty-hour reform; shift-based schedules; medical students; internal medicine clerkship; team fragmentation (Published: 22 June 2015) Citation: Med Educ Online 2015, 20: 27434 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v20.27434