cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immortalization of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells in the Absence of Viral Oncoproteins

By expressing two genes ( hTERT and Cdk4 ), we have developed a method to reproducibly generate continuously replicating human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines that provide a novel resource to study the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer and the differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells. Twelve human bronchial epithelial biopsy specimens obtained from persons with and without lung cancer were placed into short-term culture and serially transfected with retroviral constructs containing cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), resulting in continuously growing cultures. The order of introduction of Cdk4 and hTERT did not appear to be important; however, transfection of either gene alone did not result in immortalization. Although they could be cloned, the immortalized bronchial cells did not form colonies in soft agar or tumors in nude mice. The immortalized HBECs have epithelial morphology; express epithelial markers cytokeratins 7, 14, 17, and 19, the stem cell marker p63, and high levels of p16 INK4a ; and have an intact p53 checkpoint pathway. Cytogenetic analysis and array comparative genomic hybridization profiling show immortalized HBECs to have duplication of parts of chromosomes 5 and 20. Microarray gene expression profiling demonstrates that the Cdk4/hTERT-immortalized bronchial cell lines clustered together and with nonimmortalized bronchial cells, distinct from lung cancer cell lines. We also immortalized several parental cultures with viral oncoproteins human papilloma virus type 16 E6/E7 with and without hTERT, and these cells exhibited loss of the p53 checkpoint and significantly different gene expression profiles compared with Cdk4/hTERT-immortalized HBECs. These HBEC lines are a valuable new tool for studying of the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Making livable sustainable systems unremarkable

Livable and sustainable are more than differently scaled considerations, they belong to different qualitative types. Livability is dynamic and unplanned. Sustainability is about rate-independent planning. Livability trumps sustainability in the present, but it is labile and so sustainability can wait it out until material pressures force a change. Sustainability is constrained but not determined by livability. Livability changes as resources become scarce. High gain systems take in fuel and burn it willy-nilly, yielding to thermodynamic description. Low gain takes in low quality material and refines it so it can be used as fuel. The refinement has preferred outcomes and yields to descriptions of efficiency. Livability is high gain while sustainability is low gain. The conflict between livability and sustainability makes their consideration juxtaposed a complex system. I recommend that teaching global systems thinking in the early school years will give the next generation a clarity of vision and a flexibility of mind that will help greatly as the vice on resources tightens. Making livable sustainable systems matter of fact to the next generation, making it unremarkable is the only fully promising path forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standard of Living in Nineteenth-Century Japan: Reply to Yasuba

Yasukichi Yasuba's disagreement with some of my analyses concerning the level of the standard of living and quality of life in nineteenth-century Japan is due partly to a difference in interpreting the limited facts and partly to misunderstanding. ' Despite our differences, however, it should be stressed that we come to very similar conclusions. Nowhere do I argue that the standard of living in nineteenth-century Japan was as high or higher than in England. In his second paragraph, Yasuba states that "some" historians have insisted "that in the nineteenth century the standard of living was higher in Japan than in England." He names no names. Five paragraphs later he quotes me as saying that the standard of living in the latter half of the nineteenth century was "high." I am afraid that Yasuba has construed my "high" to mean "as high as" or "higher than," and that the readers of his comments may infer the same; in fact, at the beginning of the article I qualified high with "relatively." Yasuba faults my sources and evidence on a number of points. First, he argues that the English diet was not as bad as I suggested, because at least the male breadwinners ate bacon or meat fairly often. What about the growing children or the pregnant women? How healthful is white bread and bacon compared to a staple of a mixture of grains? Clearly there is insufficient evidence to come to any conclusion on the national nutritional level in either country; I only pointed out that the diet may not have been bad in Japan. Second, Yasuba criticizes my sources on the quality of life: the number of calories consumed and life expectancy-which we both agree are the only two aspects of quality of premodern life that can be measured. Choshu, which Nishikawa studied, was one of the four areas with the fastest population growth rates prior to the Meiji Restoration, and while it was not in the poorest area of Japan, neither was it in the advanced central part of the country. Another study carried out in Hida (in what is now Gifu Prefecture) in central Japan estimated that the average number of calories in 1874 was 1,850, and this did not include the vegetables and other foods people obtained from their gardens.2 This average is for the entire population, including infants, young children, and the elderly, so the daily average of calories for healthy males would have been higher. According to Yasuba's figures, the Japanese were shorter in 1883-1892 than the English poor boys in 1800, but only by one inch. And the Japanese today have the longest life expectancies in the world but are shorter than most Caucasians on average. While height is at least partially a function of nutrition, short adults need fewer calories than taller people. Yasuba believes that my life expectancy estimates based on village records are too
The Role of Parental Report in the Screening and Assessment of Young Children

This paper reviews research focusing on the role of parental report in screening and assessment of young children. Specific issues discussed include the relationship between parent report and the child's tested performance, variables that may affect parent-professional agreement, the effect of such disagreement on the usefulness of parent report, and how and when parent report should be used. We discuss the role of parent report in screening, assessment, and program planning. We make specific recommendations for the systematic use of parent report in early intervention efforts.
Classification comparison of prediction of solvent accessibility from protein sequences

The prediction of residue solvent accessibility from protein sequences has been studied by various methods. The direct comparison of these methods is impossible due to the variety of datasets used and the difference in structure definition. In this paper we choose 5 classification approaches (decision tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bayesian Statistics (BS), Neural Network (NN) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)) for predicting solvent accessibility based on the same dataset and using the same structure definition so that we can directly compare different methods. We evaluate these methods in a cross-validation test on 2148 unique proteins using single sequences and multiple sequences approaches with a cutoff of 20% for two-state definition of solvent accessibility. According to the experiment results, SVM and NN are both the best predictors with accuracy 79%, correlation coefficient 0.59, 2~4% superior to other three methods on multiple sequences prediction. A further test result on a blind test set from Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction experiment (CASP5) is consistent with this result. On single sequence prediction, DT, BS and MLR perform about the same at 71~72% with correlation coefficient 0.43. The improvement over the baseline model that use only the identity of target residue is small. Local sequence seems embed very little information on accessibility. Separate training according to protein size improves the prediction when there are sufficiently large dataset available. The consensus prediction combining the 5 approaches is not significantly better than the best single method.
Service First: Embracing the Scholarship on Teaching and Learning through Active Engagement in Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Education

In this article, we turn the tripartite responsibility of teaching, scholarship, and service inside out. Rather than considering service to be a poor stepchild to scholarship and teaching, we reason that service as engaged scholarship should be the centerpiece of academic life, especially in an applied discipline like parks, recreation, and tourism. We reason further that improving engaged service should be the driving force behind good teaching, student learning, and scholarship. Finally, we reason that “impact factor,” a term commonly limited to citations in scholarly journals, should be expanded to include positive differences made on the ground in professional practice as well as scholarly presentations and publications that display the value of the scholarship of engagement and the scholarship on teaching and learning.
El individuo, 1377-1650: de las matemáticas al yo, después de Carla Mazzio

Carla Mazzio’s work on mathematical terminology to define the self in the early modern period can be extended by medieval examples. Although Peter Stallybrass (1992) finds that the word individual (a mathematical and natural philosophy term meaning “indivisible”) was not attested in English from 1425-1597, French individu is regularly attested, beginning in 1377 (in a comment on infi nite variety of individu al complexions, in the French translation of Lanfranc’s Chirurgie ). What is more, the semantic fi eld of individu is the same from 1377-1650. This paper discusses the meanings of individu and the continuity of the concept of self in the premodern period. Against Mazzio’s definition of early modern subject as fragmented and disoriented, individu combines the meaning of atom (smallest indivisible particle or mote) with the sense of plenitude: an individu is the smallest discrete entity that is whole. This adds an alternative or complementary parallel to Mazzio’s idea of fragmentation as the origin of depth in the formation of early modern self, and explains why, as Stallybrass notes, early modern individual suggest[ed] indivisibility and (…) divisibility […] together.
Does Crying Turn Tympanic Membranes Red

The diagnosis of acute otitis media is based on several clinical factors. One of these factors is the color of the tympanic membrane (TM). Crying can cause flushing and hyperemia of the face. The purpose of this study is to determine whether crying affects the color of tympanic membranes. Infants and toddlers (age 30 months or less) evaluated in an outpatient clinic or primary care pediatrician's office for routine well-baby checks who received at least 2 parenteral immunizations were enrolled on a convenience basis. Ill children were excluded. The initial physician assessed crying and TM color/visibility. Following immunizations, a second physician assessed crying and the TM color/visibility. Color differences were stratified by the degree of crying. One hundred twenty-one study subjects received 2-5 parenteral immunizations. TM colors were most often in the pink range or less. Only 2 TMs were assessed as light red and none were assessed as red. Twenty-eight percent of the TMs with greater crying on the second exam were noted to be redder on the second exam compared to the first exam versus 11% for the comparison group (p=0.0007); 19% of the TMs with greater crying on the second exam were noted to be redder by 2 or more increment levels compared to the first exam versus 5% for the comparison group (p=0.0004); 31% of the TMs with greater crying on the second exam at the 3+ and 4+ level were noted to be redder on the second exam compared to the first exam versus 14% for the comparison group (p=0.003). Our data indicate that, in some instances, crying can result in an increase in pinkness of the TM. Crying in well children does not result in a red tympanic membrane.
Thioredoxin Reductase Plays a Critical Role in IFN Retinoid-mediated Tumor-Growth Control in Vivo

The IFN and retinoic acid (RA) combination suppresses cell growth by inducing apoptosis in the cultured tumor cells. Using a genetic technique, we have isolated several "genes associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality" (GRIM) that participate in this death pathway. One such gene, GRIM-12, encodes the redox enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TR). Antisense-mediated inhibition of TR abrogates cell death. To test the in vivo relevance of TR for growth suppression, we have conducted the following study. A wild-type TR or a catalytically defective mutant were expressed in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and transplanted into athymic nude mice. These mice were treated with IFN-beta and all-trans RA combination. Tumors expressing the vector or wild-type TR were readily suppressed by the IFN/RA combination. In contrast, the tumors bearing a mutant TR were resistant to regression. We further show that markers of apoptosis are stimulated in the regressing tumors. These studies show a prominent role for TR in tumor-growth suppression.
Mechanically Modulating the Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent Protein Biocomposites for Ratio‐ and Intensiometric Sensors

Mechanically sensitive biocomposites comprised of fluorescent proteins report stress through distinct pathways. Whereas a composite containing an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) exhibited hypsochromic shifts in its fluorescence emission maxima following compression, a composite containing a modified green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) exhibited fluorescence quenching under the action of mechanical force. These ratio- and intensiometric sensors demonstrate that insights garnered from disparate fields (that is, polymer mechanochemistry and biophysics) can be harnessed to guide the rational design of new classes of biomechanophore-containing materials.
Representing rubik's cube in APL

Seven alternative representations of Rubik's Cube are presented and compared: a 3-by-3-by-3 array of 3-digit integers; a 6-by-3-by-3 array of literals; a 5-by-12 literal matrix; an ll-by-ll sparse literal matrix; a 54-element vector; a 4-dimension array; and a 3-by-3-by-3 nested array. APL functions are given for orientation moves and quarter-turns plus several useful tools for solving the cube.
Increasing Student Interest and Engagement with Business Cases by Turning Them into Consulting Exercises.

How can you get undergraduate students more interested and engaged with business cases? Instead of using the traditional case teaching format, turn the case into a consulting exercise. Give students only the managerial dilemma and some starting information, form them into consulting teams, and then have each team requests additional case information by submitting a restricted number of questions. Through successive rounds, teams will gather enough information and data to analyze the situation and develop a set of recommendations. This approach transforms case-based learning from a passive analysis of case details to an active process of discovery through smart questioning.
Relapse: a concept analysis.

ABSTRACT. The concept of relapse has had many and varied applications in research literature. Great confusion exists in the application of the term to scientific measurement within the various studies. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the generic term relapse was undertaken through the evolutionary approach offered by Rodgers and Knafl.
Fluctuations of Feulgen- and diphenylamine-DNA in peripheral leukocytes.

The circulating leukocyte is usually considered a mature, differentiated cell which does not normally divide. Cytophotometry of human and mouse leukocyte nuclei, however, reveals significant fluctuations in amounts of Feulgen-DNA in all leukocytes at various times of the day. When analyzed for DNA content by the diphenylamine method, the same samples demonstrate variations closely correlated with those obtained by cytophotometry. Although these data may be interpreted as suggesting, among other things, the presence of metabolic DNA, a preliminary radioautographic study of the uptake of tritiated thymidine in mouse leukocytes failed to demonstrate evidence of DNA synthesis in the entire population of cells. In this study only 6–7% of the total leukocyte population was labelled over a 24-hour period. This discrepancy, when considered in light of other uncertainties concerning the Feulgen and diphenylamine reactions, has led to reservations over the ability of either reaction to reflect the true amount of DNA in cells at all times. Rather, we consider it more likely that both procedures reveal similar incomplete fractions of leukocyte DNA at various times of the day, and that the magnitude of this fraction is, perhaps, determined by cyclic influences acting on such parameters as nuclear volume and degree of packing of the nucleohistones.
Challenging the Validity of Higher Education Course Evaluations

In higher education, course evaluations are given much attention, with results directly impacting such events as merit review and tenure/promotion. The accurate presentation and proper use of the evaluation results is a critical issue. The typical course evaluation process involves distributing a Likert-type survey to a class, compiling the data and reporting means/standard deviations (classical test theory approach, CTT). One alternative analytical technique is the Rasch model. A theoretical review of each model and an empirical example utilizing end of semester course evaluations from an introductory statistics course taught at a Midwest community college is presented to demonstrate the step-by-step process of feedback via each model. A contention is made that the CTT summary is not producing a valid picture of the evaluation data. The survey research community and institutions analyzing similar rating scale data will benefit from the results of this study as it provides a sound methodology for analyzing such data. The education community will also benefit by receiving better-informed results.
Non-Erotic Physical Affection: It’s Good for You

Do it. That’s right; do it. Physical affection is good for you, and it is good for your close relationships. This chapter outlines the extant studies that support this notion (given certain parameters and limitations), and it provides a cohesive theoretical and practical framework for understanding physical affection in the context of individual and relational betterment. Also, while something like a kiss may range from harmlessly “peckish” to ravenously sexual, the main focus of this chapter is on non-erotic physical affection. Consult other chapters in this volume that deal with issues peripherally related to physical affection (such as touch, close physical contact in children, love, sex, and intimacy). Thus the main point of this chapter on physical affection is that you should do it, and we’ll tell you why.
The mechanism of thyrotrophin action in relation to lipid metabolism in thyroid tissue

1. The effects of thyrotrophin in vitro on the incorporation of [ 14 C]-glucose, -glycerol, -palmitate and -oleate into the lipids of thyroid tissue were examined. 2. Thyrotrophin increased the incorporation of these 14 C-labelled precursors into phosphatidylinositol specifically. 3. Thyrotrophin also increased the proportion of 14 C radioactivity from labelled glucose, glycerol, palmitate and oleate incorporated into the 1,2-diglycerides. 4. The addition of thyrotrophin to thyroid slices for 10min., after 2hr. of prelabelling with [ 14 C]glycerol, also increased the proportion of 14 C radioactivity incorporated into the 1,2-diglyceride fraction. 5. After incubation of thyroid tissue with [1− 14 C]palmitate, thyrotrophin caused a two- to three-fold increase in the specific radioactivity of palmitate isolated from phosphatidylinositol and 1,2-diglycerides. In contrast, the specific radioactivity of palmitate isolated from the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides and triglycerides was not increased by thyrotrophin.
Initial Trauma Assessment

Assessment of the traumatized must proceed in a standardized and systemic fashion. Assessment and immediate treatment of life-threatening conditions occur simultaneously.
The Single-Visit Approach as a Cervical Cancer Prevention Strategy Among Women With HIV in Ethiopia: Successes and Lessons Learned.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer for women in Ethiopia. Using a single-visit approach to prevent cervical cancer the Addis Tesfa (New Hope) project in Ethiopia tested women with HIV through visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid wash (VIA) and if tests results were positive offered immediate cryotherapy of the precancerous lesion or referral for loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The objective of this article is to review screening and treatment outcomes over nearly 4 years of project implementation and to identify lessons learned to improve cervical cancer prevention programs in Ethiopia and other resource-constrained settings. Methods: We analyzed aggregate client data from August 2010 to March 2014 to obtain the number of women with HIV who were counseled screened and treated as well as the number of annual follow-up visits made from the 14 tertiary- and secondary-level health facilities implementing the single-visit approach. A health facility assessment (HFA) was also implemented from August to December 2013 to examine the effects of the single-visit approach on client flow staff workload and facility infrastructure 3 years after initiating the approach. Results: Almost all (99%) of the 16632 women with HIV counseled about the single-visit approach were screened with VIA during the study period; 1656 (10%) of them tested VIA positive (VIA+) for precancerous lesions. Among those who tested VIA+ and were thus eligible for cryotherapy 1481 (97%) received cryotherapy treatment but only 80 (63%) women eligible for LEEP actually received the treatment. The HFA results showed frequent staff turnover some shortage of essential supplies and rooms that were judged by providers to be too small for delivery of cervical cancer prevention services. Conclusion: The high proportions of VIA screening and cryotherapy treatment in the Addis Tesfa project suggest high acceptance of such services by women with HIV and feasibility of implementation in secondary- and tertiary-level health facilities. However success of cervical cancer prevention programming must address wider health system challenges to ensure sustainability and appropriate scale-up to the general population of Ethiopia and other resource-constrained settings.
A Patient Centricity Team Tool to Enable Patient-Focused Drug Development

In order to better understand and advance the field of patient-focused drug development, a multifunctional patient affairs team developed and piloted a Patient Centricity Team Tool (PCTT) within a large pharmaceutical organization. The tool is a computer-based survey designed to interrogate the frequency of team efforts in 20 areas of patient centricity across 4 dimensions: people, purpose, process, and actions. Results from a pilot with a Phase III product team indicate a spectrum of team activity of different frequencies related to patient-focused drug development. Given the lack of tool validation, interpretation of results remains a reflection of the team, asset, and lifecycle stage as opposed to a diagnostic of activities. Over time and with increased use across teams, tool implementation and associated learnings may yield organizational, product, and ultimately patient benefits.
A review of: “Conducting the Reference Interview: A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians, 2nd ed. Ross, Catherine Sheldrick; Nilsen, Kirsti; and Radford, Marie L.”: New York: Neal-Shuman Publishers, Inc., 2009. 290p. ISBN 978-1-55570-655-5. $75.00.

The “How-To-Do-It” series from Neal-Schuman has become quite popular for providing practical, user-friendly overviews of topics in librarianship, and this title is no exception. The authors aptly n...
Response of High Temperature Superconductors to a Step in Magnetic Field

The “critical state” model that has been used to characterize the response of strongly Type II superconductors assumes that a critical current is caused to flow locally by any electric field induced in the superconductor1 . This simple postulate is sufficient to describe the losses in commercial superconductors2 and the details of their responses to alternating magnetic fields3. High temperature superconductors near the critical temperature show a more complicated behavior. There is significant thermal activation of the movement of flux4. In this paper we use a simple extension of the critical state model that includes a flux flow resistivity. It is used to calculate the response to a step in magnetic field.
Evaluation of BRCAPRO Risk Assessment Model in Patients with Ductal Carcinoma In situ Who Underwent Clinical BRCA Genetic Testing

The authors retrospectively aimed to determine which of the following 3 scenarios, related to DCIS entry into BRCAPRO, predicted BRCA mutation status more accurately: 1) DCIS as an invasive breast cancer (IBC) entered using the actual age of diagnosis, 2) DCIS as IBC entered with 10 years added to the actual age of diagnosis, and 3) DCIS entered as no cancer. Of the 85 DCIS patients included in the study, 19% (n= 16) tested positive for a BRCA mutation and 81% (n= 69) tested negative. DCIS patients who tested positive for a BRCA mutation had a higher BRCAPRO risk estimation (34.61%) than patients who tested negative (11.4%) when DCIS was entered at the actual age of diagnosis. When DCIS was entered with 10 years added to the actual age at diagnosis, the BRCAPRO estimate was still higher amongst BRCA positive patients (25.4%) than BRCA negative patients (7.1%). When DCIS was entered as no cancer, the BRCAPRO estimate remained higher among BRCA positive patients (2.56%) than BRCA negative patents (1.98%). In terms of accuracy of BRCA positivity, there was no statistically significant difference between DCIS at age at diagnosis, DCIS at 10 years later than age at diagnosis, and DCIS entered as no cancer (AUC= 0.77, 0.784, 0.75 respectively: p = 0.60). Our results indicate that regardless of entry approach into BRCAPRO, there were no significant differences in predicting BRCA mutation in patients with DCIS.
Evaluation of Rabies Immunization in 1 186 Vaccinees in Huizhou

Objective To analyze the antibody level to rabies virus in people received vaccination after exposure in Huizhou,understand the immunization effect in time,evaluate the quality of the rabies vaccine in use and provide evidence for the improvement of rabies vaccination.Methods The detection of rabies virus antibody was conducted in people who were fully vaccinated(5 times) after exposure by ELISA one month latter.Results The positive rate of rabies virus antibody in 1 186 vaccinees was 96.1%(97.2% in males and 94.5% in females).The positive rate was lower in higher age groups.The immunization effect was similar among the vaccines from different manufactures,the difference had no statistical significance.Conclusion Fully vaccination against rabies at 0,3,7,l4,28 day made more than 96.1% of the vaccinees to have qualified antibody level,only 3.9 %were with antibody level lower than protective threshold.The vaccination should be further strengthened.
A Design of Close-loop Control System for Snake-like Robot

To raise the moving and controlling accuracy of the open-loop structure for SolidSnake2 Robot,a close-loop control system based on bottom data collection is presented in this paper.The design and the analysis focus on the mechanical structure,hardware circuit,control actuator,feedback signal acquisition,single-point and multiple-point broadcasting in multi-communication.As a result,the feasibility of this system is verified by the construction of hardware flat and implementation of software,the close-loop and local autonomic control of SS-2 is implemented,and the moving and controlling accuracy is improved.This approach offers revelation for application of multi-machine coordination too.
The Bifunctional Nature of Ribosomal Proteins and Speculations on Their Origins

We undertook some years ago to isolate, to characterize, and to determine the structure of eukaryotic (rat) ribosomal proteins and nucleic acids (Wool, 1979). We chose rat ribosomes for reasons that are buried in the history of our research. What was it that led us to this undertaking which was not infrequently derided as an arduous, tedious, time consuming chore lacking excitement or intellectual challenge, indeed, as lacking importance? We made a commitment to the protein and nucleic acid chemistry because of an abiding belief that it was essential for a solution of the structure of the organelle; the structure in turn was needed for a coherent molecular account of the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis. Almost everyone agreed that this last was an enterprise that was to be taken seriously - that it was a formidable intellectual challenge, that it was of great importance, and that it did not lack for excitement. Moreover, no matter how pretentious it sounds, we felt we would be making a contribution to a compilation of data (the primary structure of the seventy to eighty proteins) that could be viewed as a general resource. It is perhaps even more pretentious to say that this prediction has been amply substantiated, that the sequences have been useful to many, including scientists whose research did not touch directly on ribosomes or protein synthesis. From the beginning we suspected that the sequences of amino acids in the proteins might also help in understanding the origins and the evolution of the ribosomal proteins, in unraveling the functions of the proteins, in defining the rules that govern the interaction of the proteins with the rRNAs, and in uncovering the amino acid sequences that direct the proteins to the nucleolus for assembly on nascent rRNA.
Role of surgical staging and adjuvant treatment in uterine serous carcinoma.

Purpose of investigation This study evaluates the association of clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with uterine serous carcinoma (USC) with disease recurrence. Materials and methods Surgically-staged patients with USC at a single institution were identified and clinical and pathologic variables were compared. Results Of the 51 patients included in this analysis, 75% percent received adjuvant chemotherapy, 51% received radiation therapy, and 47% received both. After a median follow-up of 33 months, 42% of patients had disease recurrence. On multivariable analysis, positive pelvic lymph nodes were associated with a shorter interval between surgery and recurrence: 13.6 months progression-free survival (PFS) with positive vs 17.2 months with negative lymph nodes (p = 0.05). Patients with early-stage disease who did not receive any adjuvant treatments had a significantly greater risk of disease recurrence (44.4% vs 7.70%, p = 0.043). Conclusion In this population of surgically-staged patients with USC, pelvic lymph node metastases were predictive of a shorter PFS.
Long-term Economic Consequences of Surviving Intensive Care

Health care consumes an enormous amount of public spending. In the United States, the annual amount spent on health care reached $ 1.2 trillion in 1999 or 13.0 % of the gross domestic product (GDP) [1], of which $549 billion constituted public funds. This spending is expected to rise dramatically over the next decade with the projected national health expenditure increasing to $2.6 trillion or 15.9 % of GDP by the year 2010 [2] The finite nature of societal resources available to meet this increased expenditure will mandate an evaluation of the cost effectiveness of all medical interventions. As one of the largest cost centers, intensive care will come under close scrutiny. Increasing costs of existing therapies, as well as new biopharmaceutical and other therapies for critical illness, will not only substantially raise the cost of acute medical care but will also produce ICU survivors who will have significant chronic health problems and associated long-term health care costs. In addition to direct medical expenditures, society will bear the burden of the indirect costs of the survivors, and of the caregivers of those survivors, such as reduced quality of life and lost productivity. We review the costs accrued after treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) and propose a research agenda aimed at a better understanding of the economic consequences of surviving intensive care.
Effect of Whole-Body Cooling on Phenobarbital Control of Seizures in Neonates with HIE

Forty-two infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) admitted to University of Alabama, Birmingham, from 1999 to 2007, received whole-body hypothermia and of these, 20 also received a single dose (40 mg/kg) of prophylactic phenobarbital.
Distributed sensor localization in Euclidean spaces: Dynamic environments

The authors presented an algorithm to localize sensors in m-dimensional Euclidean space Ropfn with unknown locations assuming the following: (1) there are (m + 1) sensors that know their absolute coordinates-the anchors; (2) each sensor communicates with m + 1 of its neighbors; and (3) the sensors lie in the convex hull of the anchors. The localization algorithm is a generalization of consensus-it is a weighted linear, iterative, and distributed algorithm. The weights are the barycentric coordinates of a sensor with respect to its neighbors, which are computed by the generalized volumes obtained from the intersensor distances in the Cayley-Menger determinants. This paper expands on this work to take advantage of when the number of anchors available possibly exceeds m + 1, a sensor can communicate with all sensors within its radius of communication, and when the network communication topology may be dynamic as, for example, when the network neighborhood structure changes over time. The paper shows that the algorithm converges to the exact sensor locations in the absence of noise.
Colonial Survey and Native Landscapes in Rural South Africa, 1850–1913: The Politics of Divided Space in the Cape and Transvaal

This innovative monograph examines the impact of colonial reorganization of land and space driven by cadastral (property) surveys in South Africa. Attempts at spatial engineering by surveyors provo...
Synthetic Aperature LADAR: A Model-Based Approach

Synthetic aperture LADAR (SAL) allows high resolution imaging of distant objects. Basic SAL image processing is based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques originally developed for use in radar. These techniques can amplify noise and limit resolution. More advanced reconstruction techniques have been proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR), but have not been adapted for SAL. In addition, both conventional SAL and advanced SAR algorithms reconstruct the complex-valued reflection coefficient instead of the real-valued reflectance which leads to speckled images. In this paper, we present a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm designed specifically for SAL. Rather than estimating the reflection coefficient, we propose estimating its variance which is equal to the reflectance, a function that more closely resembles conventional optical images. A Bayesian framework is used to find the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate for the reflectance using a Q-Generalized Gaussian Markov random field (QGGMRF) prior model. The QGGMRF is able to model complex correlations between neighboring pixels which promotes a smooth and more natural looking image. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to derive a surrogate for the MAP cost function. Finally, the proposed MBIR algorithm is tested on both simulated and experimental data. Results show significant and consistent improvements over existing reconstruction techniques in terms of image contrast, speckle reduction, autofocus, and low signal-to-noise ratio performance.
Fungal Genetic Resources for Biotechnology

Resources for fungal genetics are diverse and build upon success with model organisms over many decades. Diverse materials include strains for characterizing newly isolated mutants, mutant strains with defined characteristics, and genetic or molecular mapping resources. In the emerging postgenomics era, classical mutants give way to targeted gene deletion mutants and additional resources, including plasmids, gene libraries, and strains from whole genome sequence analysis support this transition. The high number of citations to resources from these programs demonstrate the significant impact of genetic collections. Fungal genetic resources exist alongside and complement traditional type strain or biodiversity collections.
Ego and Superego Variables as Related to Moral Behavior

Psychologists are becoming increasingly interested in the topic of morality and the variables that comprise mature, responsible behavior. One of the more engaging models that may be applied to this concern is psychoanalytic in nature. The ego which relates to the world of reality and the superego that comprises the realm of the conscience may be combined to produce optimal conduct. Implications of this paradigm for the Christian are explored.
Delays in the Publication of Important Clinical Trial Findings in Oncology

Importance The complete and timely dissemination of clinical trial data is essential to all fields of medicine, with delayed or incomplete data release having potentially deleterious effects on both patient care and scientific inquiry. While prior analyses have noted a substantial lag in the reporting of final clinical study results, we sought to refine these observations through use of a novel starting point for the measurement of dissemination delays: the date of a corporate press release regarding a phase 3 study’s results. Objective To measure the length of time elapsed between when a sponsor had results of study findings they deemed important to announce, and when the medical community had access to them. Design and Setting Covering the years 2011 through 2016, we measured the delay from when 8 large pharmaceutical companies issued a press release announcing completed analyses of phase 3 clinical trials in oncology, and the public sharing of those results either onClinicalTrials.govor in a peer-reviewed biomedical journal as found via PubMed or Google Scholar. Press releases announcing regulatory steps and presentation schedules for conferences were excluded, as were those announcing results from preclinical trials, follow-up analyses, and studies of supportive care therapies or various modes of infusion for the same therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Time to public dissemination of clinical trial data. Results Of the 100 press releases in our sample, 70 (70%) reported positive results, but only 31 (31%) included the magnitude of study findings. Through the end of follow-up, 99 (99%) of press releases had an associated peer-reviewed publication, complete data posting toClinicalTrials.gov, or both, with a median time to reporting of 300 days (95% CI, 263-348 days). Positive findings were reported more quickly than negative ones (median of 272; 95% CI, 211-318 days vs 407; 95% CI, 298-705 days; log-rankP Conclusions and Relevance Even for the most pressing study findings, median publication delays approach 1 year. As publication delays hinder research progress and advancements in clinical care, policies that enable early preprint release or public posting of completed data analysis should be pursued.
In-Vitro Study of Backside Wear Mechanism on Mobile Knee Bearing Components

Backside wear in the form of scratching and pitting observed on a series of mobile bearing rotating platform knee retrievals (n = 100) appears to be indicative of third body wear. The appearance of scratching and pitting on the backside does not correlate with duration in vivo or with linear backside wear measurements, but there is a weak correlation with fixation method indicating that some of the third body debris may be bone cement. Tribological tests representing rotation and fretting in the knee were run with bone cement, bone chips, and metal porous coating beads placed as third bodies in the contact. Results with bone cement show scratches similar to those found on retrievals.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Evidence for a Sigmatropic and an Ionic Pathway in the Winstein Rearrangement

The spontaneous rearrangement of allylic azides is thought to be a sigmatropic reaction. Presented herein is a detailed investigation into the rearrangement of several allylic azides. A combination of experiments including equilibrium studies, kinetic analysis, density functional theory calculations, and selective 15N-isotopic labeling are included. We conclude that the Winstein rearrangement occurs by the assumed sigmatropic pathway under most conditions. However, racemization was observed for some cyclic allylic azides. A kinetic analysis of this process is provided, which supports a previously undescribed ionic pathway.
Evolution of Class I HLA Antigen Presenting Molecules

Two types of cytolytic cells are believed to offer protection against viral. infections. Both cell types, the cytolytic T cell (CTL) and the natural. killer (NK) cell, function through interaction with class I HLA antigen presenting molecules 1,2. On viral. infection, human cells synthesize viral. proteins. Some fractions of these proteins are degraded by a large intracellular protease — the proteasome — and short peptides thus formed are pumped into the endosplamic reticulum (ER). In the ER, peptides of 8–12 amino acids in length associate with class I heavy chains and β2-microglobulin to form functional. class I antigen presenting molecules, which are then targeted to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus and the normal. secretory pathway. Once at the cell surface, the viral. peptides bound by class I molecules can interact with the antigen receptors of circulating CD8+ T cell thereby stimulating a CTL response which will kill the infected cell (Figure 1).
Marine Biotechnology and Pollution Control

The marine sciences are on the verge of commercial exploitation by the developing biotechnology industry, using techniques of genetic engineering. Application of these new technologies represents an important opportunity for addressing a ubiquitous and persistent problem of industrialization — toxic waste disposal. As marine biotechnology advances, its application to pollution control in the oceans should be encouraged.
Aging, Animal Models for

Scientists interested in exploring fundamental mechanisms of aging need to judiciously choose animal models of aging most appropriate for their area of research. Similarly, great care must be taken when using animal models for the study of disease processes that tend to occur in late life. The establishment of funding agencies devoted to aging research (e.g., U.S. National Institute on Aging [NIA] in 1974) and a growing general interest in aging have led to an unprecedented increase in the use of aging models and in resulting publications. Although researchers are now able to choose from a broad variety of vertebrate and invertebrate models, most such research is still conducted using a very limited number of rat or mouse strains. Because no one single species or strain is optimal for all aging questions and studies, care must be given to the choice of the most appropriate animal aging model. Moreover, other animal-related issues, such as the presence of confounding disease, genetic background, diet, housing, husbandry, microbial status, and exercise, all can greatly influence experimental results. Thus, when designing aging studies, these factors must be given the same considerations as is the determination of an outcome measure of primary interest to investigators. Fortunately, although important issues still remain unresolved, researchers are now able to base their decisions on a reasonable body of experience and knowledge.
Relationship between calcium current and cytosolic calcium in canine gastric smooth muscle cells

We measured free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and Ca2+ current (ICa) simultaneously in voltage-clamped, indo-1-loaded smooth muscle cells isolated from the circular layer of the canin...
The interaction of fast neutrons with beryllium

Neutron total cross sections of elemental beryllium are measured from 1 to 10 MeV with good precision. Differential neutron elastic scattering cross sections are measured from 4.5 to MeV at intervals of {approx}0.5 MeV and at {approx}100 angular steps distributed between {approx}18 and 160 deg at each incident energy. Concurrently, differential cross sections for the emission of a discrete inelastic neutron group corresponding to an excited level at (2.43 {plus minus} 0.06) MeV are determined over the same incident energy and angular range. Angle-integrated elastic scattering cross sections are deduced from the observed differential values to accuracies of {approx}2l5%, and angle-integrated inelastic scattering cross sections to accuracies of {approx}10%. The experimental results are compared with values given in ENDF/B-V, with attention to descrepancies and implications. Qualitative reaction mechanisms are suggested.
HIV Standard of Care for ART Adherence and Retention in Care Among HIV Medical Care Providers Across Four CNICS Clinics in the US

Despite the issuance of evidence-based and evidence—informed guidelines to improve engagement in HIV care and adherence-related outcomes, few studies have assessed contemporary adherence or engagement support practices of HIV care providers in US clinics. As a result, the standard of HIV care in the US and globally remains poorly understood. This programmatic assessment approach aimed to identify the strengths and gaps in the current standard of HIV care from the perspective of HIV care providers. A self-administered Standard of Care measure was developed and delivered through Qualtrics to HIV care providers at four different HIV care sites as a part of a multisite intervention study to improve engagement in HIV care and ART adherence. Providers were asked to provide demographic and clinic specific information, identify practices/strategies applied during typical initial visits with HIV-positive patients and visits prior to and at ART initiation, as well as their perceptions of patient behaviors and adequacy of HIV care services at their clinics. Of the 75 surveys which were completed, the majority of respondents were physicians, and on average, providers have worked in HIV care for 13.5 years. Across the sites, 91% of the providers’ patient panels consist of HIV-positive patients, the majority of whom are virally suppressed and 1/5 are considered “out of care.” Few resources were routinely available to providers by other staff related to monitoring patient adherence and engagement in care. During typical initial visits with HIV positive patients, the majority of providers report discussing topics focused on behavioral/life contexts such as sexual partnerships, sexual orientation, disclosure, and other sources of social support. Nearly all providers emphasize the importance of adherence to treatment recommendations and nearly 90% discuss outcomes of good adherence and managing common side effects during ART start visits. Overall, providers do not report often implementing practices to improve retention in care. Survey results point to opportunities to enhance engagement in HIV care and improve ART adherence through systematic data monitoring and increased collaboration across providers and other clinic staff, specifically when identifying patients defined as “in need” or “out of care.” Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01900236.