cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
0422 Coronary artery disease mortality among workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work at a chemical manufacturing plant

Objectives Previous studies at a New York State chemical manufacturing plant reported elevated risks of cardiovascular disease among workers. We updated the mortality experience of 1874 workers employed between 1949 and 2006 through December 31, 2007. We investigated exposures to carbon disulfide and shift work and their association with coronary artery disease. Method Jobs with carbon disulfide and shift work exposure (≥1 day) were identified among departments and job titles in specific years. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) compared mortality to the US population, adjusted for gender, race, age, and calendar year. Internal comparisons used directly standardised rate ratios (SRR). Results Overall, excess deaths were observed for coroanary artery disease (SMR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48). Most workers exposed to carbon disulfide perfortmed shift work; we evaluated coronary artery disease mortality in groups defined by duration of exposure to these agents. Compared to the US population, statistically significant increases in mortality were observed among workers with both exposures for 90 days or more (SMR=1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.76), and among workers with fewer than 90 days of both exposures (SMR=1.31, 95% CI 0.65–2.34). Using cutpoints of 4 years (median exposure duration among long-term cases), the results were no longer statistically significant. In internal comparisons, long-term workers exposed to carbon disulfide and shift work for 4 years or more had a near 3-fold increase in coronary artery disease mortality, compared to workers exposed less than 4 years. Conclusions Excess coronary artery disease mortality confirms earlier results, but further investigation is needed to understand risk factors.
Low-energy electron microscopy of nanoscale three-dimensional SiGe islands on Si(100)

Abstract Epitaxial growth of three-dimensional SiGe islands on Si(100) has been investigated by low-energy electron microscopy. Contrast mechanisms that allow measuring the evolution in position, size and shape of individual islands during deposition have been identified, and were used to study the epitaxial embedding of faceted SiGe islands in a Si matrix. Deposition of Si onto SiGe islands drives their expansion and causes a change in their shape: the island apex decays and a (100) top facet forms. A physical interpretation of the mechanism producing this shape change is presented. The eventual smoothing of the growth front upon embedding of the islands is promoted by the strain-driven migration of adatoms away from the (100) top facet.
Geometric properties of gradient projection anti-windup compensated systems

The gradient projection anti-windup (GPAW) scheme was recently proposed as an anti-windup method for nonlinear multi-input-multi-output systems/controllers, which was recognized as a largely open problem in a recent survey paper. Here, we show that for controllers whose output equation depends only on its state, the GPAW compensated controller achieves exact state-output consistency when appropriately initialized. In a related paper analyzing the GPAW scheme on a simple constrained system, this property was crucial in proving that the GPAW scheme can only maintain/enlarge the exact region of attraction of the uncompensated system. When the nominal controller does not have the required structure, an arbitrarily close approximating controller can be constructed. Further geometric properties of GPAW compensated systems are then presented, which illuminates the role of the GPAW tuning parameter.
Reduced concentrations of the first component of complement in hypogammaglobulinemia: Correction by infusion of γ-globulin

Abstract The first component of complement (C1) is a macromolecular protein with three well-characterized subunits, q, r, and s. Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia have variably reduced hemolytic concentrations of C1, which is secondary to a selective reduction in the immunoglobulin (Ig) binding subunit, C1q. On four occasions a C1-free Ig preparation was infused into a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. C1q and C1s levels showed a marked increase in the 24 hr following the rise in IgG. The data add further support to the proposal that decreased C1q levels in these patients are not secondary to reduced synthesis but represent an increased catabolic rate in the absence of normal plasma IgG levels. Weak, reversible interactions between C1q and Ig play an important role in maintaining intravascular serum C1q concentrations.
Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: three case studies

Data from both 27 sites in the Atlanta mesonet surface meteorological network and eight National Weather Service sites were analyzed for the period from 26 July to 3 August 1996. Analysis of the six precipitation events over the city during the period (each on a different day) showed that its urban heat island (UHI) induced a convergence zone that initiated three of the storms at different times of the day, i.e., 0630, 0845, and 1445 EDT. Previous analysis has shown that New York City (NYC) effects summer daytime thunderstorm formation and/or movement. That study found that during nearly calm regional flow conditions, the NYC UHI initiates convective activity. Moving thunderstorms, however, tended to bifurcate and to move around the city, due to its building barrier effect. The current Atlanta results thus agree with the NYC results with respect to thunderstorm initiation.
Summary of the Mayo clinic experience with direct left ventricular puncture

Hemodynamic assessment of patients with prosthetic valves can be challenging. Noninvasive techniques may be limited by interference from the prosthetic material, whereas access to the left ventricle for direct pressure measurements often is not possible using common methods. The technique of direct, percutaneous left ventricular puncture has been proven to be a safe method that often provides needed data to help manage difficult clinical situations. We report our 8-yr experience with this technique for assessment of patients with valvular prostheses. Direct left ventricular puncture is a safe technique in patients with prior cardiac surgery and provided significant diagnostic information in the set of patients with multiple valvular prostheses.
Rating scales for observer performance studies

We compared the performance of radiologists reading a set of screening mammograms with and without CADe as measured by the BI-RADS assessment scale to that measured by a 9-point rating scale. Eight MQSA radiologists read 300 screening mammograms, of which 66 cases contained at least one cancer and 234 were normal based on two-year follow-up. Both without and then with CADe, the radiologists gave their BI-RADS assessment for each case and, for each suspicious lesion in the image, reported their confidence on a 9-point scale (1=no evidence for recall; 5=equivocal; 9=overwhelming evidence for recall) that the lesion needed to be worked up. The radiologists were instructed to read the cases as they would clinically. We used MRMC ROC analysis employing PROPROC curve fitting to analyze the data, once for the BI-RADS data and again for that collected on the 9-point scale. Given that the radiologists were reading screening mammograms and were instructed to read in their normal clinical manner, not all radiologists used the full BI-RADS scale. Two radiologists used only BI-RADS 0,1 and 2, three used the full scale, and three used the full scale but employed categories 3, 4 and 5 sparingly. This mimics what occurs clinically, according to the literature. The BI-RADS and the 9-point rating scales gave similar results in terms of AUC. However, the 95% CIs of the estimates of AUC were substantially smaller for the 9-point scale.
Ionic liquid-based random copolymers: a new type of polymer electrolyte with low glass transition temperature

A new type of polymer electrolyte has been prepared from the side-chains of ionic liquids (IL) and an analogue of ethylene oxide (EO) directly grafted on a polyethylene oxide backbone. By tuning the two types of monomer composition during polymerization, a series of copolymers with different monomer ratios between IL : EO = 8 : 1 to 1 : 4 have been synthesized. All copolymerized polyionic liquids showed higher ionic conductivity than an IL homopolymer. By choosing a composition with IL : EO = 1 : 1, the corresponding polymer gave the highest conductivity, 1.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, compared to 9.3 × 10−6 S cm−1 from a homopolymer. We attribute this to one order of magnitude improvement of conductivity from a low glass transition temperature (Tg) below −40 °C.
High-throughput dispersive imaging spectrometer for astronomy at visible wavelengths

In this paper the design of a high-throughput imaging spectrometer for use in astronomical applications is proposed and investigated. The method of spectral separation used in this new design does not rely on dispersion through a grating or path length difference in an interferometer. Instead, the chromatic aberration found in a common lens is used to process the input scene through many different spectral point-spread functions, which produce a collection of broadband images. The spectral separation is achieved through a spectral/spatial recovery algorithm. Because there is no grating to block the light or no beam-splitter to reflect it back out of the telescope, a system built on this principle of spectral separation can achieve a throughput in excess of 90%. The spectral diversity in the point-spread functions is achieved by changing the distance between the lenses and detector in the imaging system. The result of these changes is a different chromatic aberration for each wavelength. From a set of measurements taken with different chromatic aberrations, a spectral/spatial recovery algorithm is developed that is capable of extracting spectral information from a set of broadband images that have been processed through different realizations of chromatic aberration. A point design for this spectral separation concept is presented and tested through simulation. The algorithm is tested using simulated scene data from the point design of a small-extended object and a point source.
Thermal Stability of Nonionic Surfactant Aggregates

A polarity-sensitive probe was used to assess the thermal stability of aggregates of six nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. The I1/I3 peak ratio of the pyrene emission spectrum, which varies with solvent polarity, was taken as an indicator of the probe environment and hence of the surfactant aggregates in which this probe was sequestered. Aggregate stabilities of surfactants in the Triton, Igepal, and Brij series in premicellar, micellar, and supramicellar (clouded) solutions were considered. Temperature-induced clouding was not found to have a measurable effect on the environment of the sequestered probe. Fully developed micelles exhibited a near-linear decrease in pyrene I1/I3 with temperature, similar to the changes observed in pure benzene solvent. In the premicellar and early micellar stages, however, thermal stabilities of aggregates varied significantly with the structure and size of both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties of the surfactant molecules. The least stable assemblies were f...
Some observations upon the relationship of microhaematocrit values to haemoglobin concentrations and erythrocyte numbers in the carp Cyprinus carpio L. and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

Simultaneous determinations of microhaematocrit, erythrocyte numbers and haemoglobin concentrations have been obtained for samples of carp and trout of both sexes acclimated to various temperature regimes, and varying seasonal and nutritional states. Because haematological parameters have been used as indices of physiological condition in fishes correlational and multivariant regression analyses were carried out in an effort to determine whether valid correlations existed between the readily-determined parameter, microhaematocrit, and the other 2 variables. Results obtained indicate that microhaematocrit can be used as a general index of haematological status in the carp but not the brook trout.
Aerothermodynamic Design of Supersonic Channel Airfoils for Drag Reduction

A supersonic channel airfoil (SCA) concept that can be applied to the leading edges of wings, tails, fins, struts, and other appendages of aircraft, atmospheric entry vehicles and missiles in supersonic flight for drag reduction is described. It is designed to be beneficial at conditions in which the leading edge is significantly blunted and the Mach number normal to the leading edge is supersonic. The concept is found to result in significantly reduced wave drag and total drag (including skin friction drag) and significantly increased L/D. While this reduction over varying flight conditions has been quantified, some leading edge geometries result in adverse increases in peak heat transfer rates. To evaluate the effectiveness of SCAs in reducing drag without paying any penalties in other areas like lifting capacity, heating rates or enclosed volume, the design space was studied in greater detail using MDO methods. A Design of Experiments (DoE) technique is used to search the design space efficiently for SCAs designed to operate at Mach 4 and 12 km altitude. The results from these numerical experiments, i.e. Navier-Stokes simulations assuming turbulent flow, are used to formulate analytical (polynomial) models for force coefficients and heat transfer rates using a Response Surface Methodology. These nonlinear models are then incorporated into a calculus-based optimization procedure to generate an optimal aerothermodynamic design for a 2 D supersonic channel airfoil. The improvements in aerothermodynamic performance for the optimized channel airfoil relative to a chosen baseline no-channel airfoil are determined and verified by a Navier-Stokes solution.
The dynamics of a vesicle in a wall-bound shear flow

The three-dimensional dynamics of a lipid vesicle in a wall-bound shear flow is simulated by a Stokes-flow boundary integral equation method. When the vesicle is far away from the wall, the wall induces a lift velocity that is proportional to the wall normal component of the particle stresslet and is inversely proportional to the square of its centroid height. When the vesicle is in close contact with the wall under the action of gravity, its bottom surface height scales linearly with the shear rate, with a scaling constant that depends strongly on its nonsphericity. The numerical results are in quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements. The wall boundary causes the particle shear stress and normal stress differences to increase, but the effect diminishes when the centroid height is more than twice the vesicle radius. The simulation shows that the presence of the wall delays the transition (i.e., creates higher critical viscosity ratios) from the tank-treading motion to trembling and tumbling.
Dissociation of CO on stepped/kinked surface areas of a rounded Pt crystal: I. Clean surface

Work function measurements carried out by FEM on rounded, “FEM-clean” Pt crystals show that the dissociation of adsorbed CO occurs predominantly on kinked edges. The dissociation activity of a crystal area is proportional to its kink density.
Theory of Electron Scattering from an Antiferromagnet. II. Itinerant Model

The theory of electron scattering by an antiferromagnet is extended to include the case of metallic targets, in which the periodicity of the magnetic arrangement is not necessarily commensurate with the lattice. In the Hartree-Fock (random phase) approximation, it is shown that the elastic part of the differential scattering cross section has an expression equivalent to that derived for the Heisenberg model in an antiferromagnetic insulator, with the difference that the sublattice magnetization is replaced by the proper Fourier component of the oscillatory magnetization. Die Theorie der Elektronenstreuung durch einen Antiferromagneten wird auf den Fall metallischer Targets, bei denen die Periodizitat der magnetischen Anordnung nicht notwendig dem Gitter entspricht, ausgedehnt. In der Hartree-Fock (random-phase)-Naherung wird gezeigt, das der elastische Teil des differentiellen Streuquerschnitts einen Ausdruck ergibt, der dem fur das Heisenbergmodell in einem antiferromagnetischen Isolator aquivalent ist, mit dem Unterschied. das die Untergittermagnetisierung durch die passende Fourier-komponente der oszillatorischen Magnetisierung ersetzt ist.
Global trading of carbon dioxide permits with noncompliant polluters

An international mechanism intended to curb global carbon dioxide emissions, mirrored after the Kyoto Protocol, is composed of decentralized regulatory and enforcement authorities and two supranational agencies that are in charge of promoting international transfers and imposing punitive fines. Regulatory enforcement is costly and imperfect. Polluting firms located in various sovereign nations may not comply with emission regulations. We show that there is a combination of decentralized emission quotas and centralized income transfers and fines, with decentralized leadership in policy making, which induces regional regulatory authorities to internalize all environmental and pecuniary externalities.
X-Ray Crystallography and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Studies of the Salmonella Zinc Transporter ZntB

Summary The ZntB Zn 2+ efflux system is important for maintenance of Zn 2+ homeostasis in Enterobacteria. We report crystal structures of ZntB cytoplasmic domains from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (StZntB) in dimeric and physiologically relevant homopentameric forms at 2.3 A and 3.1 A resolutions, respectively. The funnel-like structure is similar to that of the homologous Thermotoga maritima CorA Mg 2+ channel and a Vibrio parahaemolyticus ZntB (VpZntB) soluble domain structure. However, the central α7 helix forming the inner wall of the StZntB funnel is oriented perpendicular to the membrane instead of the marked angle seen in CorA or VpZntB. Consequently, the StZntB funnel pore is cylindrical, not tapered, which may represent an "open" form of the ZntB soluble domain. Our crystal structures and isothermal titration calorimetry data indicate that there are three Zn 2+ binding sites in the full-length ZntB, two of which could be involved in Zn 2+ transport.
The Gates Cosmology of the Astronomical Book of Enoch

This paper finds a parallel to the division of each Babylonian zodiacal sign into 30 degrees in the Enochic cosmology. In particular a new explanation of the rare Aramaic word חרתיה in 4Q209 (4Q209 7iii 1–2, 6) from the Aramaic Astronomical Book is offered as describing heavenly openings on the horizon for the daily rising and setting of the sun. These openings were smaller parts of each one of the twelve gates compared previously by scholars to the zodiacal signs. It seems plausible that the description of the daily openings appeared four times in the account of every year at the end of each season. The addition of these four days can be seen as part of the author’s polemic against the Mesopotamian 360-day year. An implication of the repetition of the sentence in 4Q209 8 3–4 is that this scroll was probably longer than previously assumed and included a triennial cycle synchronizing lunar and solar years.
Attributes of the Oral Cavity as a Site for Basal Body Temperature Measurements

The thermal topography of the oral cavity of 11 women was mapped with thermocouples in early morning waking conditions. A reference thermocouple was placed in the vagina. No significant difference was found in the time required to reach a steady-state oral temperature and in the achieved steady-state temperature difference (T v -T 0 ) in the preovulatory and postovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Location of the thermocouple in the oral cavity had a significant effect on steady-state temperature differences. After equilibration of oral thermometers, women breathed through their mouths for exactly five minutes. Mouths were closed and a second temperature equilibration phase was recorded. Mouth breathing had a significantly greater effect on the temperature of the anterior sublingual and dorsum of the tongue sites than on the posterior sublingual and buccal trough sites.
Liver trauma in children.

Abstract A review of our experience with urban children who sustained blunt abdominal trauma revealed that liver trauma occurred in one-third of all children. The cause of trauma, predominantly blunt in nature, led to a multitude of associated injuries which not only caused visceral and skeletal injury endangering the patient, but, more apparent even though less significant injuries delayed diagnosis and therapy of the underlying severe liver injury. Awareness of the possibility of liver injury in children with blunt abdominal trauma, prompt operative intervention with adequate vascular control prior to the attempted repair of liver or associated major vessel injuries should significantly increase the salvage of these pediatric trauma victims.
Ordered Structure of The Epidermis

Recent reports on the ordered structure of the epidermis are reviewed. The regular relationship between Langerhans cells and cell columns in the mouse is not typical of the epidermis of other animals. The pattern of mitotic activity previously described in mouse epidermis has also been demonstrated in the hamster, which suggests control of keratinocyte activity rather than the exclusion of keratinocytes from the central region beneath cell columns. These findings are discussed in relation to mechanisms which may be responsible for the formation of cell columns.
Arterial uptake indices of low density lipoproteins after fatty streak formation in Cynomolgus monkeys.

To evaluate changes in arterial wall uptake of an atherogenic lipoprotein in early atherogenesis the uptake of labelled low density lipoprotein was measured in four segments of aorta in Cynomolgus monkeys with diet induced fatty streaks. The influx rate of low density lipoprotein was estimated from a simple kinetic model. The mean influx rate, expressed as plasma equivalents of tracer, was 69 nl·cn−2 per hour in fatty streak monkeys and 28 nl·cm−2 per hour in controls (p 0.05). Thus intimal permeability to low density lipoprotein is increased at the fatty streak stage of lesion formation but apparent efflux may not be changed. The data fit the hypothesis that relative failure of efflux is a major cause of excess low density lipoprotein accumulation in the vessel wall in hypercholesterolaemia.
Ultrastructure of the synapse in the giant axons of the earthworm

Abstract The ventral nerve cord of the earthworm has been studied with the electron microscope. Axoplasmic filaments having a “string of beads” appearance and a diameter of 165–200 A were seen in all axons. Smooth neurofibrils of varying lengths and 0.1 μ thickness were also observed. They have a complex internal structure. Their nature and formation are discussed. The sheath of giant axons consists of layered myelin membranes. The small axons are invested by a single membrane which appears identical to the unit lamellae of myelin. At the synapse, in the giant axons, several myelin membranes separate pre- and postsynaptic axoplasm. In the small axons, however, only two membranes are present at the synapse.
Plan implementation dissonance: addressing the quandary of – how did they come up with that?

Responding to Manjit Yadav's (2010. The decline of conceptual articles and implications for knowledge development. Journal of Marketing, 74(January), 1–19) clarion call for conceptual articles, this article outlines what can and should be done to reduce the gulf between strategic planning and implementation. Within this article a conceptual frame of reference called Imbricative Analysis (IA) is put forth as a way of bridging that gulf by transforming tacit knowledge into a form which is more explicit. In succinct terms, an IA frame of reference provides a manager with a lens through which to look back at the developmental underpinnings of a strategic plan in order to improve the clarity of looking forward when implementing the plan. Believing that the performance of managers at all organizational levels can be made more effective given their adoption of IA, the author humbly offers three action-oriented suggestions as a means for advancing the use of an IA perspective. These suggestions also promote the t...
Criterion issues in performance appraisal research: Behavioral accuracy versus classification accuracy.

Abstract The accuracy of ratings can be defined in terms of specific behaviors or in terms of judgments or classifications. Various authors have suggested that one type (i.e., classification or behavioral) of accuracy measure is generally preferable over the other. The present paper argues that neither type of accuracy measure is best in all situations, and suggests some considerations for choosing between measures of behavioral and classification accuracy.
Influence of temperature and temperature shifts on the development of chiton larvae, Mopalia muscosa

Summary Larvae of the mossy chiton, Mopalia muscosa, were reared either at 10–12°C or 16°C throughout larval development, or were reared at one of the two temperatures for about 400 h (17 days) and then transferred to the other temperature for the remainder of larval development. Temperature regime was found to influence developmental rate, maximum duration of planktonic existence and incidence of spontaneous metamorphosis. The effect of temperature on length of larval life may reflect exploitation of a finite nutritional source by these lecithotrophic larvae. More rapid development was correlated with shorter larval life. The effect of temperature on incidence of spontaneous metamorphosis probably does not have a nutritional basis. In 3 of the 4 treatments, at least 80% of the larvae eventually died, although some larvae metamorphosed spontaneously in all of the treatments. Approximately 50% spontaneous metamorphosis was attained in the fourth treatment, in which larvae initially were reared at the coole...
Thymic atrophy and lymphoid hyperplasia in mice bearing sarcoma 180.

SummaryTransplanted Sarcoma 180 after 12 days of growth evokes thymic atrophy and lymphatic hyperplasia in mice of the CFW strain. These changes are not prevented by hypophysectomy, thereby excluding pituitaryadrenal mediation.
A study of detection, search, matching, and memory functions

The present study develops an experimental paradigm designed to examine detection, search, matching, and memory functions as they relate to visual signal processing in man. Ss are presented with 2 lines of 10 letters each and required to detect a target letter common to both lines. The results clearly show the effects of display times and number of targets present with such a paradigm, and its usefulness in studying general problems of visual information processing is briefly discussed.
Older Adults' Perspectives on Driving Cessation

Abstract Relinquishing the privilege to drive is a difficult issue for older adults. To better understand factors that influence driving decisions and to identify approaches that could help ease the transition to a non-driving status, we conducted focus groups with elders who had recently stopped driving. Results demonstrate that the decision to stop driving is reluctantly made by elders on their own or after prompting from others. While all have other means of transportation, a sense of loss of independence remains. Participants urged policy makers to address older driver issues and were proponents of developing procedures to identify at-risk drivers. They also stressed the importance of making plans for retirement from driving. Findings suggest that while there is “life after driving,” efforts are needed to help older drivers, and their families develop a plan for driving cessation that includes identifying the appropriate time to stop and acceptable transportation alternatives to driving.
Adsorption of amphiphiles at an oil-water vs. an oil-metal interface

Studies were conducted to investigate whether adsorption of amphiphiles from oil onto a degreased metal can be predicted from knowledge about adsorption of the amphiphiles at the oil-water interface. The surface of a degreased metal comprises oxides, hydroxides, and adsorbed water vapor, which form from the reaction of the metal with air and moisture. If the behaviors of amphiphiles at water-oil and metal-oil interfaces are similar, this information can be useful in the development of cheaper and quicker methods of estimating amphiphile adsorption properties on degreased metals. The amphiphiles used were safflower oil (SA) and jojoba oil (JO), both of which are plant-based oils, and methyl palmitate (MP). SA is a triester whereas JO and MP are monoesters. The interfacial tension of water-hexadecane was measured as a function of amphiphile concentration in hexadecane and used to estimate an interfacial-based free energy of adsorption, ΔGads. The resulting interfacial-based ΔGads values for SA were identical to those reported from friction-based adsorption isotherms. The corresponding values for the monoesters were within the range reported from friction-based adsorption isotherms.
REDUCTION OF TACV POWER REQUIREMENTS BY MULTIPLE-STAGE AIR CUSHIONS

This paper shows that the power required for levitation for tracked air cushion vehicles can be significantly reduced by the use of multiple stage air cushions. A mathematical model for these air cushions is developed, and the air cushion pressures obtained from the model are compared with experimental pressures. It is shown that one of the most significant features of multiple stage air cushions is their inherent roll stability as opposed to an inherent instability for conventional air cushion designs. This inherent roll stability allows a significant reduction in the power required for levitation for tracked air cushion vehicles.
The Digital Divide and Health Disparities: a Pilot Study Examining the Use of Short Message Service (SMS) for Colonoscopy Reminders

The purpose of this study was to determine (a) whether the use of short message service (SMS) appointment reminders is an acceptable form of communication about colonoscopy appointments and (b) whether the use of SMS appointment reminders is as efficacious as the use of telephone reminders calls for colonoscopy completion. Patients referred by a primary care physician for a screening colonoscopy (N = 24) were recruited to participate over a 10-month period. Eligible participants (i.e., owned a cell phone and agreed to receive text reminders) were randomized to receive either usual care (N = 13) or SMS reminders (N = 11). Participants were given 3 months to complete the exam followed by analysis of colonoscopy completion status. In the non-SMS group, 46.2 % participants completed a colonoscopy compared to 72.7 % of participants in the SMS group (p = 0.19). SMS has potential to be an efficacious approach for use within patient navigation interventions for screening colonoscopy and that using SMS reminders for colonoscopy patient navigation interventions should be replicated in a randomized clinical trial, with a larger sample size.
ACCULTURATION AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AMONG PUERTO RICAN WOMEN IN MAINLAND UNITED STATES

This study explores relationships between the stress of acculturation and the existence of psychopathology among 72 Puerto Rican women in mainland United States. Significant correlations were found between level of acculturation and education and both personality adjustment and psychopathology. Implications for Puerto Rican family structure are discussed, and suggestions for further research are offered.
Particle-core model for transverse dynamics of beam halo

The transverse motion of beam halo particles is described by a particle-core model which uses the space-charge field of a continuous cylindrical oscillating beam core in a uniform linear focusing channel to provide the force that drives particles to large amplitudes. The model predicts a maximum amplitude for the resonantly-driven particles as a function of the initial mismatch. We have calculated these amplitude limits and have estimated the growth times for extended-halo formation as a function of both the space-charge tune-depression ratio and a mismatch parameter. We also present formulas for the scaling of the maximum amplitudes as a function of the beam parameters. The model results are compared with multiparticle simulations and we find very good agreement for a variety of initial particle distributions.
Photoexcitation of O2 at 249.3 nm

Abstract An attempt to directly, pump rovibronic lines of the O 2 (A 3 v u + − X 3 v g − ) 8-0 band with a 0.3 cm −1 wide, 6 mJ tunable laser source around 249.3 nm has proved unsuccessful, from which it is concluded that O 2 must quench the excited state with a rate coefficient k ⩾ 8 × 10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 . A value of this magnitude for quenching O 2 (A, ν = 8) has a considerable effect on vibrational distributions in the terrestrial airglow.
Investigation of Vehicle Crash Pulse Severity Using Frontal New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) Test Data

The severity of vehicle crash pulses of the frontal New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) tests is evaluated by existing metrics. The existing metrics can be categorized into four groups: metrics based on vehicle crash pulse only, metrics based on vehicle crash pulse with assumed occupant response, metrics based on vehicle crash pulse with actual occupant responses, and combined metrics. The paper discusses their evaluation results of frontal NCAP test data and their assessability of the crash pulse severity.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Numerical Computation of Base Flow for a Projectile at Transonic Speeds

Abstract : The generalized-Axisymmetric Thin-Layer Navier-Stokes computational technique has been modified for projectile base flow analysis. The resulting new numerical capability is used to compute the entire projectile flow field including the recirculatory base flow. Computed results show the qualitative and quantitative details of the overall base flow structure. Base drag is computed for a secant-ogive-cylinder projectile at an angle of attack of zero and compared with available experimental data and a semi-empirical analysis. Results are also presented which show pressure drag, skin friction drag and total aerodynamic drag for Mach No. .9 M 1.2.
Tritrophic Effects of Leaf Nitrogen onLiriomyza trifolii(Burgess) and an Associated ParasitoidChrysocharis oscinidis(Ashmead) on Bean

Abstract Significant differences in developmental times ofLiriomyza trifolii(Burgess) males andChrysocharis oscinidis(Ashmead) males and females were found in response to percent nitrogen levels in bean foliage. These changes represented differences in developmental times of 4.5% inL. trifoliimales and 2.7% inC. oscinidisfemales and occurred over the ranges of nitrogen examined (L. trifolii2.76–6.27% leaf N;C. oscinidis2.67–6.52% leaf N). Although pupal weights ofL. trifoliilarvae reared on leaves with various nitrogen levels increased significantly as leaf nitrogen increased,L. trifoliifecundity was not significantly affected by nitrogen in the leaves upon which the females developed. It appears that larval food acquisition of the female has less effect on fecundity than does adult food acquisition. Parasitoids were allowed to feed and oviposit onL. trifoliireared on leaves with differing nitrogen levels. Fecundity of adultC. oscinidis(averaged 69 progeny per female over a 10-day period) was significantly highest at the 4.88% leaf nitrogen level. Similar to the shortest developmental time, fecundity was enhanced at this level and adversely affected at the other levels.C. oscinidissex ratio averaged 1:1.23 (male:female); no significant differences in sex ratio were found among nitrogen treatments. Total progeny production of adultC. oscinidis,allowed to feed and oviposit onL. trifoliilarva reared on leaves with differing nitrogen levels, may increase by as much as 40%. These changes in fecundity are highly significant and could greatly affect pest/parasitoid populations in both agroecosystems and mass rearing programs.
The role of ureagenesis in pH homeostasis

Abstract Catabolism of protein liberates HCO 3 − , which cannot be eliminated in the necessary amounts through the lungs, kidneys, or intestines, and thus poses a threat of alkalosis to air-breathing animals. That threat is met by biosynthetic sequences that consume the weak acid NH 4 + and liberate its proton for reaction with HCO 3 − . Different kinds of air-breathing animals use different syntheses for this purpose; mammals utilize ureagenesis. Modulation of the rate of urea synthesis in response to pH is an important part of the interacting regulatory systems by which pH homeostasis is maintained in mammals.
Antibody against the amino terminus of α-actin inhibits actomyosin interactions in the presence of ATP

Actomyosin interactions in the presence of ATP were examined by using site-specific antibodies directed against the first seven N-terminal residues on skeletal alpha-actin. Fab fragments of these antibodies (S alpha N Fab) inhibited effectively the actin-activated ATPase of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) at both 5 and 25 degrees C. Binding experiments carried out in the presence of ATP at 5 degrees C revealed that the catalytic inhibition was related to the inhibition of S-1 binding to actin by Fab. At equimolar ratios of Fab to actin, the binding of S-1 to actin and the activated ATPase were inhibited by 75 and 82%, respectively. These results, when contrasted with the small effect of Fab on rigor actomyosin binding, suggest ATP-induced changes at the interface of actin and myosin.
Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion, by Jeanne Fahnestock

My bookcase holds many contemporary books on “style”—or to use the Aristotelian term, lexis—in written communication. They are largely concentrated on such matters as clarity, conciseness, and cons...
Accounts of the confidence-accuracy relation in recognition memory

Confidence and accuracy, while often considered to tap the same memory representation, are often found to be only weakly correlated (e.g., Bothwell, Deffenbacher, & Brigham, 1987; Deffenbacher, 1980). There are at least two possible (nonexclusive) reasons for this weak relation. First, it may be simply due to noise of one sort or another; that is, it may come about because of both within- and between-subjects statistical variations that are partially uncorrelated for confidence measures on the one hand and accuracy measures on the other. Second, confidence and accuracy may be uncorrelated because they are based, at least in part, on different memory representations that are affected in different ways by different independent variables. We propose a general theory that is designed to encompass both of these possibilities and, within the context of this theory, we evaluate effects of four variables—degree of rehearsal, study duration, study luminance, and test luminance—in three face recognition experiments. In conjunction with our theory, the results allow us to begin to identify the circumstances under which confidence and accuracy are based on the same versus different sources of information in memory. The results demonstrate the conditions under which subjects are quite poor at monitoring their memory performance, and are used to extend cue utilization theories to the domain of face recognition.
Annihilation during positron-hydrogen collisions

Using the precision s- and p-wave elastic-scattering wave functions obtained previously, we have calculated the annihilation rate for positrons colliding with hydrogen atoms below the positronium-formation threshold. The s-wave results agree well with those of Humberston, while the p-wave results, which are new, contribute about 20% of the total at the higher energies.
New antenna positioner improves NIST’s capabilities

Antenna and electric field probe calibration requires precise positioning and movement throughout a known RF field. Measurements are usually made in an anechoic chamber. A robotic six‐axis antenna positioner was needed that would work in this environment at NIST. Discusses NIST’s vendor‐selection process for the new positioner and how the positioner has enhanced their capabilities. Also chronicles the design, technical challenges and manufacture of the positioner by Mek‐A‐Nize Engineering & Robotics, Inc., the vendor selected by NIST to provide the turnkey robotic antenna positioner.
An analysis of the circulation characteristics and energy budget of a dry, asymmetric, east-west urban canyon. I: Circulation characteristics

Wind characteristics within urban canyons are of considerable significance for pollution diffusion, for assessing the nature of the atmospheric environment at street level, and in determining the energy budget of the canyon. This study presents an analysis of the circulation characteristics for a deep, east-west, asymmetric urban canyon (located in Columbus, Ohio, USA), based on measurements of ambient wind at roof level, vertical velocities at the canyon-top, and within-canyon horizontal winds. Canyon-top vertical velocity was normally directed upward, even with cross-canyon winds, indicating along-canyon horizontal convergence. Its speed was approximately related to the magnitude of the southerly, easterly, and westerly components of the roof-level wind. Three-fifths of the data sets showed evidence of a vortex circulation superimposed upon the mean vertical motion, although its speed and direction were not clearly related to the direction of the cross-canyon wind. Some of the perplexing aspects of the results may be attributable to the asymmetric structure of the canyon. Overall, these results suggest that wind fields within and above urban canyons may not be as simply as empirical studies hitherto have suggested and that attempts at modelling these characteristics of the urban climate must recognize this.
Characterization of Vision-Aided Indoor Localization and Landmark Routing

GPS is the premier method of localization and way finding in outdoor environments. Indoor environments prevent GPS from functioning properly or at all. RF-based solutions have been proposed using varieties of radio triangulation and spectral fingerprinting. Such technically attractive methods have not seen widespread adoption in places where the demand is greatest: supermarkets, shopping malls, airports, etc. This may be due to the obstacles of funding, installing, or accessing sufficient wireless infrastructure for triangulation, as well as the scalability challenge in site-by-site fingerprinting. We present a framework for characterizing indoor environments. This leads to a simple, practical approach to indoor localization and wayfinding that takes advantage of visibility relationships, limited user-input, publicly available online floorplans, and lightweight processing on a mobile phone. On-site infrastructure and site-surveys are avoided. Based on this framework we find that localization precision improves dramatically as the population of landmarks grows, though few landmarks are needed during a given input cycle. We also find that indoor wayfinding is unexpectedly insensitive to hop-count, but critically dependent on path connectedness.
Toward Technical Authorship.

Recent theory views technical communication not as a “transmission” of a message from sender to receiver but as a complex process involving an articulation of meanings, in which the technical communicator serves as a mediator. Ethnographies composed by practicing technical communicators demonstrate ways in which this mediation takes place. As such, the mediation casts the work of technical communicators in new light, allowing us to understand their work as “authorship.” This article draws upon practitioner research to present some of the facets of such authorship.
Der Wert von Renditeprognosen für Anlageentscheidungen

Fur das Problem der Portfolioplanung wird unter der Voraussetzung konstanter absoluter Risikoaversion der erwartete Wert eines Informationssystems fur den Fall bestimmt, daβ die Renditen der riskanten Anlagemoglichkeiten sowohl a priori als auch a posteriori normalverteilt sind. Speziell wird die erwartungstreue, normalverteilte Schatzung von Einzel- und Indexrenditen und der Fall unvollstandig bekannter a priori Daten behandelt. In allen betrachteten Fallen ist der erwartete Wert der Information proportional zum Informationsgehalt, wobei sich die absolute Risikoaversion als Proportionalitatsfaktor erweist. For the problem of portfolio planning under the assumption of constant absolute risk aversion, the expected value of information is determined for the case that the prior as well as the posterior distributions of the rates of return of the risky assets are normal. In particular, the unbiased normally distributed estimation of the rates of return of the risky assets and of an index and the case of incomplete known prior data are treated. In all considered cases the expected value of information is proportional to the amount of information. Herein the absolute risk aversion is shown to be the factor of proportionality.
Theophylline compliance in adolescent patients with chronic asthma

Twenty-one chronic asthma patients ages 12 to 17 years were studied to determine their compliance in taking medication. Serum theophylline concentrations were determined and theophylline dosage (milligrams per kilogram body weight per day) was calculated in participants who had allegedly followed their medication regimen. Although the theophylline dosage followed the guide-lines in the literature, only 10% of the patients had serum levels in the therapeutic range. This study suggests that noncompliance among adolescent asthmatics is similar to the noncompliance found in adolescents with other chronic illnesses and that physicians should use drug levels in designing optimal short- and long-term management programs. Further, it emphasizes the need for physicians to educate their patients as to the therapeutic actions of the medication they are taking and the necessity of medication compliance.
Three-dimensional wafer-scale copper chemical–mechanical planarization model

Models based on slurry hydrodynamics, mass transport, and reaction kinetics are developed in order to predict the removal rate of copper on a wafer-scale during chemical–mechanical planarization (CMP). The steps in the copper removal model include: mass transport of the oxidizer to the wafer surface; reaction of oxidizer with copper to form a reacted layer; and subsequent removal of the reacted layer by mechanical abrasion. The rates of the chemical reaction and mechanical abrasion steps are described by separate kinetic parameters. For low oxidizer concentrations the chemical step controls the process, while for high concentrations the mechanical step controls. The model shows that mass transport of the oxidizer to the surface controls the removal process at higher removal rates and can cause wafer-scale non-uniformity. Copper CMP experiments with potassium dichromate based slurry are compatible with the proposed surface kinetics steps and showed that the surface kinetics controlled the removal process for this slurry. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.