cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential automorphy of $${\text {GSpin}}_{2n+1}$$ GSpin 2 n + 1 -valued Galois representations

We prove a potential automorphy theorem for suitable Galois representations $$\Gamma _{F^+} \rightarrow \mathrm {GSpin}_{2n+1}(\overline{\mathbb {F}}_p)$$ and $$\Gamma _{F^+} \rightarrow \mathrm {GSpin}_{2n+1}({\overline{{\mathbb {Q}}}}_p)$$ , where $$\Gamma _{F^+}$$ is the absolute Galois group of a totally real field $$F^+$$ . We also prove results on solvable descent for $$\mathrm {GSp}_{2n}(\mathbb {A}_{F^+})$$ and use these to put representations $$\Gamma _{F^+} \rightarrow \mathrm {GSpin}_{2n+1}({\overline{{\mathbb {Q}}}}_p)$$ into compatible systems of $$\mathrm {GSpin}_{2n+1}({\overline{{\mathbb {Q}}}}_l)$$ -valued representations.
Questions About Early Enteral Feeding Study

To the Editor.— I would like to comment on the article by Ostertag et al, "Early Enteral Feeding Does Not Affect the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis" (Pediatrics 1986;77:275-280). Support for the concept of early gastrointestinal nutrition in the high-risk newborn comes from animal studies that showed that dogs with bowel ischemia that were given intraluminal substrate (10% glucose) had higher levels of adenosine triphosphate in mucosal cells and less morphologic damage than animals without that infusion.1
Mechanism(s) of Modulation of Alcohol Consumption: Studies on the P and NP Rats

In several laboratories, lines of rats have been selectively bred for disparate alcohol drinking preferences. Historically, the first lines of rats selectively bred were the UChA (low-alcohol consumer) and UChB (high-alcohol consumer) rats developed in Santiago, Chile (18). The second lines of rats with contrasting alcohol drinking behaviors were the AA (Alko alcohol) and ANA (Alko nonalcohol) rats selectively raised in Helsinki, Finland (3). The third and fourth lines were the P and NP (alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring) and the HAD and LAD (high-alcohol-drinking and low-alcohol-drinking) lines raised in our laboratories at Indiana, USA (13, 14). At present, only the P line of rats has been extensively characterized as an animal model of alcoholism. This paper summarizes the major behavioral, neurochemical and neuropharmacological correlates found in the P rats (see previous reviews: 10, 11, 16). Because some of these biological correlates have also been found in the HAD rats (developed from a foundation stock different from that which P rats had been derived), it seems likely that they should have mechanistic bearing in explaining the high alcohol drinking behavior observed in these rodents.
Time-Resolved Imaging Study of Jetting Dynamics during Laser Printing of Viscoelastic Alginate Solutions.

Matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct-write (MAPLE DW) has been successfully implemented as a promising laser printing technology for various fabrication applications, in particular, three-dimensional bioprinting. Since most bioinks used in bioprinting are viscoelastic, it is of importance to understand the jetting dynamics during the laser printing of viscoelastic fluids in order to control and optimize the laser printing performance. In this study, MAPLE DW was implemented to study the jetting dynamics during the laser printing of representative viscoelastic alginate bioinks and evaluate the effects of operating conditions (e.g., laser fluence) and material properties (e.g., alginate concentration) on the jet formation performance. Through a time-resolved imaging approach, it is found that when the laser fluence increases or the alginate concentration decreases, the jetting behavior changes from no material transferring to well-defined jetting to well-defined jetting with an initial bulgy shap...
Abstract MP59: Mediating the Medical, Economic and Social Impact of HF: There is an APP for That

The continued rise in cost of Heart failure (HF) management, begs the question, why can advances in science and medicine not stem this rising cost? Why do patients fail to adhere to prescribed medications and lifestyle recommendations? Lack of effective training for patient/families challenge successful transition to home due to conflicts generated by pressure within the patient’s home environment reinforced by societal attitudes about food. This pilot was designed as a multidisciplinary project, including information systems professionals, clinicians, and patients working together to develop/evaluate a customized mobile phone application (app). Using, home based monitoring of daily weights, blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, and a dash board of cumulative data accessed daily by clinicians. A built in algorithm identifies patients’ risk for re-admission based on changes in their vital signs or self-reported symptoms defined by clinical staff as representing best practices pathways decision points. 7 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HF who had documentation of at least one HF related admission in the past 14 months were recruited to trial the App. Patients have been followed for 120 days with an endpoint of 365 days. Data points for outcomes are: HF related hospitalizations; emergency department and urgent care visits, weight, blood pressure, and Minnesota living with heart failure quality of life. Preliminary data analysis shows mean compliance rate for daily measurements = 68.5%. Utilization has prevented one HF readmission, changed one admission from an acute ICU readmission into a short stay guided HF admission, accomplished by early identification of symptoms that unmanaged would have resulted in a more serious and lengthy admission. This integrated innovative system has demonstrated improved accountability and outcomes in the enrolled participants. Patient input at 120 days resulted in system revisions. Data collection will restart and continue to the 365 day end point. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Stress Concentration in Strain-Gradient Bodies

An analytical solution is presented to a boundary-value problem in the linear elasticity in which potential energy depends on strains and strain gradients. The problem considered is that of an infinite medium, containing a spherical cavity, subjected to uniaxial tension at infinity. For an isotropic, centrosymmetric material, the strain-gradient theory contains five additional material constants (micro-constants), which may be related to Lame' constants by means of two material lengths. The range of the micro-constants is determined on the basis of positive definiteness of the potential energy, and under this condition no difficulty is encountered in reducing the strain-gradient solution to either the couple-stress or the classical solution. A reduction to the classical result does not have to employ the couple-stress solution as an intermediate step. Numerical calculations are performed for various values of nondimensionalized, independent parameters. The results show that, in contrast to predictions of couple-stress theory, the stress concentration factor can exceed the classical value.
A global survey of the effect of cloud contamination on the aerosol optical thickness and its long‐term trend derived from operational AVHRR satellite observations

[1] Subpixel cloud contamination is one of the major issues plaguing passive satellite aerosol remote sensing. Its impact on the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieval has been analyzed/evaluated by many studies. However, the question of how it influences the AOT trend remains to be answered. In this paper, four long-term advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) AOT data sets from 1981 to 2009 over global oceans for four different definitions of clear sky, respectively, are produced by applying a two-channel aerosol retrieval algorithm to the AVHRR clear-sky reflectances derived by combining NOAA Pathfinder Atmosphere's Extended AVHRR climate data record level-2b all-sky reflectances with the cloud probability parameter determined from the Bayesian probabilistic cloud detection technique. A global analysis of the effect of cloud contamination on the AVHRR AOT retrieval as well as on its long-term trend is then performed by comparing the results from the four data sets. It was found that cloud contamination imposes not only a positive bias on AOT values but also a positive bias on its long-term trend such that negative trends become less negative and positive trends become more positive. A cloud probability value of ≤1% has been identified as an optimal criterion for clear-sky definition to minimize the cloud contamination in the AVHRR aerosol retrieval while still retaining strong aerosol signals. In order for a satellite aerosol product to be useful and reliable in aerosol trend detection, the cloud contamination effect on aerosol trends needs to be studied/evaluated carefully along with the effects of calibration error, surface disturbance, and aerosol model assumptions.
The 3D thumb-tip forces produced by individual do not superimpose linearly

Clinicians and biomechanists commonly assume the thumb-tip force produced by tension in individual tendons superimpose linearly. We tested this assumption experimentally in cadaver thumbs (n=13) by developing a specimen-specific linear model and quantifying the error of this model's predictive ability. We developed these models by linearly regressing 3D thumb-tip output force/torque against tendon tension. We applied linear optimization to these models to calculate the combination of tendon tensions predicted to maximize 3D thumb-tip force vectors in each of five directions (palmar, dorsal, radial, ulnar, distal) under four neurological conditions (intact, low-median paralysis, transfer A, transfer B), and applied these optimal tensions to the specimen. We quantified the error in the linear model by calculating the magnitude difference and angle between predicted and measured force vectors. This error depended on the direction of maximized thumb-tip force. The measured force vector magnitude was either significantly (p < 0.05) lower (distal and dorsal) or not significantly different (palmar, radial, ulnar) from the predicted magnitude, and the angle between predicted and measured vectors varied greatly (distal: 20/spl deg//spl plusmn/20/spl deg/; palmar: 22/spl deg//spl plusmn/13/spl deg/; radial: 36/spl deg//spl plusmn/13/spl deg/, ulnar: 34/spl deg//spl plusmn/20/spl deg/; dorsal: 51/spl deg//spl plusmn/13/spl deg/). Our results suggest that the linear assumption is most accurate when the thumb-tip force is in the palmar direction.
Highly symptom-aware children were heavily infected with urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana.

OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between the infection status of children and their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices (KABP) related to urinary schistosomiasis. DESIGN Questionnaire survey. SETTING Nine schools in eight rural communities (total population: 4,636) in Ga and South Akuapem Districts, Ghana. SUBJECTS Four hundred and six children attending primary and secondary schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Schistosoma haematobium infection status of children and their KABP. RESULTS Of 354 children who responded and also submitted their urine samples, 297 (83.9%) tested positive for S. haematobium and the intensity of infection was 90 (95% CI: 74 to 110) eggs per 10 ml urine. General knowledge variables such as the knowledge of symptoms (p < 0.001), and knowledge of swimming or bathing in the river as a transmission route (p < 0.001) showed significant association for higher prevalence and intensity of infection. Treatment-seeking behaviour was not associated with the lower prevalence or intensity of infection. Practice variables such as washing clothes in the stream (p < 0.001) and fishing in the stream (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with both higher prevalence and higher intensity of infection. Children who knew of contact with river water as a transmission route reported more water contact activities (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that highly symptom-aware people were heavily infected, and people frequently exposed to infested water were heavily infected. Moreover, highly symptom-aware people never constituted a group whose exposure was slight. Why was awareness of disease symptoms and general knowledge of the disease not linked to low infectivity? Why didn't awareness result in avoidance of infested water sources? This report highlights the urgent need to address these important questions in future research.
Connected Chemistry—Incorporating Interactive Simulations into the Chemistry Classroom

The aim of this paper is to describe a novel modeling and simulation package, connected chemistry, and assess its impact on students’ understanding of chemistry. Connected chemistry was implemented inside the NetLogo modeling environment. Its design goal is to present a variety of chemistry concepts from the perspective of “emergent phenomena”—that is, how macro-level patterns in chemistry result from the interactions of many molecules on a submicro-level. The connected chemistry modeling environment provides students with the opportunity to observe and explore these interactions in a simulated environment that enables them to develop a deeper understanding of chemistry concepts and processes in both the classroom and laboratory. Here, we present the conceptual foundations of instruction using connected chemistry and the results of a small study that explored its potential benefits. A three-part, 90-min interview was administered to six undergraduate science majors regarding the concept of chemical equilibrium. Several commonly reported misconceptions about chemical equilibrium arose during the interview. Prior to their interaction with connected chemistry, students relied on memorized facts to explain chemical equilibrium and rigid procedures to solve chemical equilibrium problems. Using connected chemistry students employed problemsolving techniques characterized by stronger attempts at conceptual understanding and logical reasoning.
Sensor data driven proactive management of infrastructure systems

In a paper presented at the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering in Cancun, Mexico, a vision was laid out for sensor data-driven, proactive management of infrastructure systems in which information and communication technology is used to more efficiently and effectively construct infrastructure systems, monitor their performance, and enable an intelligent operation of these systems. Since that time, a research center at Carnegie Mellon, the Center for Sensed Critical Infrastructure Research (CenSCIR), has been established with a mission to perform research towards this vision. The objectives for this paper are: 1) to discuss the motivation for such sensor-data driven proactive infrastructure management; 2) to identify and discuss the major research questions that need to be addressed by CenSCIR to achieve this vision; and 3) to present several CenSCIR projects that address some of these research questions.
Anterograde Revision of Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulator Paddle Electrode: A Case Report

Objectives: To illustrate a new surgical revision strategy for malfunctioning spinal cord stimulation (SCS) paddle electrodes. Background: SCS is a treatment for chronic neuropathic pain that delivers therapeutic doses of electric current to the dorsal columns resulting in dermatomal paresthesia and pain reduction. Reasons for SCS failure include hardware malfunction or breakage and medical complications. Case Report: A 34-year-old woman presented with a two-year history of intractable pain in the left upper extremity and thoracic region which was previously controlled by SCS. Imaging demonstrated breakage of the cervical electrode wire that had been advanced in the caudal direction from the C1 spinal level. Revision of the broken electrode was performed by hemilaminectomy of C3-C4 and the replacement electrode was advanced in the cephalad direction. Results: Ideal and exact paresthesia pattern was confirmed intraoperatively and the patient maintained successful pain reduction at five-year follow-up. Conclusion: Advancing SCS electrodes into the upper cervical spine in the cephalad direction, using the previously formed scar capsule, offers an alternate strategy for revision of malfunctioning SCS paddle electrodes.
Effect of blood and albumin on pulmonary hypertension and edema in perfused rabbit lungs

Perfusate composition may alter pulmonary hemodynamics and edema formation in perfused lungs. Perfusion for 3 h with Krebs-Henseleit solution with 3% bovine serum albumin did not produce pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema (assessed by lung wet-to-dry wt ratio), or increased macromolecular permeability (assessed by 125I-albumin uptake). Addition of blood to hematocrit levels of 10 or 20% resulted in pulmonary hypertension during the final hour of perfusion but not pulmonary edema or increased macromolecular permeability. Pulmonary hypertension during blood perfusion was primarily due to increased precapillary resistance. Perfusion with buffer solution without albumin produced edema and increased macromolecular permeability but not pulmonary hypertension. In lungs perfused with blood (20% hematocrit), thromboxane B2 levels increased in parallel with the pulmonary hypertension, and inhibition of cyclooxygenase or thromboxane synthase with indomethacin or dazmegrel prevented pulmonary hypertension. Perfusion with leukopenic blood (from prior nitrogen mustard administration or from filtration) also prevented pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that blood perfusion produces pulmonary hypertension via thromboxane A2 generation, which depends on leukocyte activation, and that perfusion with buffer solutions without albumin produces edema and increased permeability without pulmonary hypertension.
Structural, energetic, and electronic properties of gyroidal graphene nanostructures

Abstract Nanostructures configured as triply periodic minimal surfaces, such as gyroidal systems, possess a broad range of potential applications as energy and storage materials and can be used as elementary building blocks for complex electronics. Here, we investigate the effect of structure size and material density on a number of sp 2 carbon gyroid structures. We describe a general Monte Carlo method for discovering atomic structures of carbon gyroids of arbitrary size that obey the prescribed space group symmetry for gyroid surfaces. A total of 19 structures are investigated, among which we find three types of ground state structures corresponding to a given number of atomic cycles present in the asymmetric unit cell. Each type is characterized by the distribution of non-hexagonal rings: type I structures present a minimum number of non-hexagonal rings (octagons), while type II (type III) structures include square and heptagon (pentagons and octagons) in addition to hexagons. We use density functional theory to establish how electronic, topological, geometric, and energetic properties of these gyroids vary with size and density. We determine that most studied systems feature occupied and unoccupied three-dimensional Dirac hyper-cones and metallic and semi-conducting behaviors.
The Ovarian Renin-Angiotensin System and Compartmental Function in the Ovary

The ovarian renin-angiotensin system (OVRAS) is present in all compartments of the ovary. Since it is gonadotrophin-sensitive and since the actions of its active principle, angiotensin II parallel gonadotropin actions in the ovary, the ovarian renin-angiotensin system may be a mediator of gonadotropin action in the ovary. The components of the reninangiotensin system of the ovary including angiotensinogen, inactive and active renin, angiotensin I (Al), angiotensin II (AII) and perhaps angiotensin HI (AIII), as well as angiotensin converting enzyme, have all been demonstrated through the use of immunohistochemistry, direct measurement, histochemistry and molecular biology. Obviously, since these factors respond to gonadotrophins, particularly LH, they become increasingly prominent as the gonadotrophin-sensitive compartments develop within the ovary. That is, the response of the ovarian compartments is marked by the increase of All present. In an attempt to rationalize these compartmental developments we have formulated five stages of ovarian compartmental development (Figure 1). Initial follicle development is marked by thecal dominance, during which time the theca proliferates/differentiates from the stroma and androgens are the major steroid hormones. While these androgens may contribute to estrogens being formed by the developing granulosa layer, the androgens may also inhibit estrogen actions such as granulosa cell proliferation, thus mediating follicular atresia. Granulosa cell proliferation begins after the follicle has begun its development of theca cells. Initially, the granulosa cell-produced estrogen has actions on follicle contents, such as further granulosa proliferation and development of cell membrane receptors for gonadotrophs and prolactin; however, with granulosa cell dominance the developing follicles make sufficient quantities of estrogen to spill into the circulation where they prepare the reproductive tract for receiving the oocyte/embryo.
The Role of the Educational Therapist: Academic Interventions for Reading and Writing

“Educational Therapy serves children and adults with learning disabilities and other learning challenges and provides a wide range of intensive, individualized interventions designed to remediate learning problems.” (http://www.aetonline.org). Educational therapy demystifies learning problems and stimulates clients’ awareness of their strengths so they can use those strengths to their best advantage. “Educational therapists create and implement a treatment plan that utilizes information from a variety of sources including the client’s social, emotional, psychoeducational, and neuropsychological contexts” (http://www.aetonline.org).
An ILP-based scheduling scheme for energy efficient high performance datapath synthesis

In this paper, we describe an integer linear programming (ILP) based datapath scheduling algorithm which uses both multiple supply voltages and dynamic frequency clocking for power optimization. The scheduling technique assumes the number and type of different functional units as resource constraints and minimizes the energy delay product (EDP). The energy savings directly comes from the use of multiple supply voltages and the performance improvement from dynamic frequency clocking. The algorithm has been applied to various high level synthesis benchmark circuits under different resource constraints. The experimental results show that under various resource constraints using two supply voltage levels (5.0 V, 3.3 V), the average energy reduction is 55% and the average EDP reduction is 13%.
Monte Carlo study of the antiferromagnetic two-dimensional Blume-Capel model

A Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the two-dimensional spin-1 Ising antiferromagnet in the presence of an external magnetic field and a single-ion potential. Comparison is made between the results of this simulation and previous mean-field calculations. The phase diagram and the critical behavior of the model are discussed. In contrast to the mean-field picture, no decomposition of the tricritical point is observed.
False-reactive test for hepatitis B surface antigen following administration of granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor

Background and Objective High-dose granulocyte transfusions are being administered to severely granulocytopenic patients. A single dose of G–CSF is given to donors for mobilization of granulocytes prior to donation. Materials and Methods Infectious disease tests were performed on a donor before and after G–CSF was given. Results Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing was transiently reactive following administration of G–CSF when examined using a test kit from one manufacturer, but not another. No other cause was found. Conclusion A false-reactive test for HBsAg using one manufacturer's test kit can occur following a single dose of G–CSF.
Abnormal electrical activity induced by free radical generating systems in isolated cardiocytes.

Abstract Oxygen free radicals may participate in a variety of pathological cardiac conditions which are associated with an increased incidence of arrhythmias. However, evidence that free radicals per se can alter the electrical function of the myocardium is not convincing. Physiological solutions containing 3 m m dihydroxyfumaric acid (DHF), a compound known to generate free radicals, were superfused over calcium-tolerant cells isolated from the adult canine ventricle. The time course for changes in transmembrane action potentials was monitored using conventional microelectrode techniques. Changes were observed which could be conveniently segregated into three stages. Initially during superfusion with DHF, the voltage of the action potential plateau became more positive and the action potential duration increased (stage 1). Continued superfusion was associated with the development of both early and delayed afterdepolarizations (stage 2), which occasionally produced triggered beats. Subsequently, some cells failed to repolarize beyond −40 mV following an action potential upstroke. In cells which maintained normal levels of resting membrane potential, early and delayed afterdepolarizations ceased concomitant with the development of an increasingly more negative plateau voltage. Action potential duration decreased and plateau potential “collapsed”, eventually mergin with the resting level of the membrane potential. Resting membrane potential then gradually depolarized to less than −40 mV and all cells became inexcitable within 6 to 20 min (stages 3). Exposure of cells to xanthine (2 m m ): xanthine oxidase (0.01 U/ml), another system known to generate free radicals, produced similar results. Superfusion with DHF solutions containing either superoxide dismutase or catalase delayed the appearance and attenuated the development of the changes in the cardiocyte action potential. The results demonstrate that isolated cardiocytes exposed to free radical generating solutions can undergo changes in their electrophysiological activity that resemble those said to underlie disturbances of cardiac rate and rhythm in the clinical setting.
SU‐FF‐T‐83: Algorithm for Optimizing Beam Angles in IMRT Treatment Planning

Purpose: The goal of beam angle optimization in external radiation therapytreatment planning is to find field directions which shall result in an optimal treatment plan. In this work, a beam angle optimization algorithm to be used in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy(IMRT)treatment planning has been developed. Method and Materials: The plan optimality is defined by constraints set on the Dose‐Volume Histogram (DVH) of the target(s) and of the critical organs. The same constraints may be applied both in beam angle and in beam profile (beamlet) optimization. In beam angle optimization, either a co‐planar or a non‐coplanar initial search space may be used. The search space is covered with a preset number of uniformly distributed fields. Thereafter, a few beamlet optimization iterations are calculated in order to produce optimal beam profiles. Each field is then removed from the plan, and the corresponding value of the objective function is calculated. The fields with a low importance value are thereafter removed. The process is continued until the desired number of fields in the plan has been reached. Results: The optimized plans have been compared with equispaced beams, class solution —based plans and manually made plans. Beam angle optimization has been found to decrease the OF value typically to 20–80 % of the original value calculated with reference plans. The improvement has been clearly visible also in the shape of the DVH curves. The algorithm has been designed to execute fast (less than 30 minutes) in order to be applicable in routine use for patient‐specific planning. Conclusion: The new beam angle optimization algorithm has been able to produce IMRT plans with superior quality to class solution or manually made plans. Conflict of Interest: This work has been funded by Varian Medical Systems Inc.
Influence of the hormonal forms of ACTH on the pattern of corticosteroid secretion.

Abstract In the pituitaries of man, monkey, sheep, dog, cat and guinea pig the predominant component of immunoreactive ACTH has a molecular size resembling the usual 1–39 peptide (little ACTH). Cortisol is the predominant glucocorticoid in these species. Rabbit, rat and mouse pituitaries contain a newly described intermediate sized ACTH and corticosterone as their principal glucocorticoid. Bovine pituitaries contain intermediate and little ACTH in about equal amounts and their cortisol: corticosterone ratio is about 1. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that the hormonal form of ACTH is an important factor regulating the cortisol: corticosterone ratio in mammalian adrenal corticoid secretion.
Detection and repair of a UV-induced photosensitive lesion in the DNA of human cells.

Abstract Irradiation with UV light results in damage to the DNA of human cells. The most numerous lesions are pyrimidine dimers; however, other lesions are known to occur and may contribute to the overall deleterious effect of UV irradiation. We have observed evidence of a UV-induced lesion other than pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of human cells by measuring DNA strand breaks induced by irradiating with 313-nm light following UV (254-nm) irradiation. These breaks, measured by alkaline sucrose sedimentation, increased linearly with the dose of UV light over the range tested (10–40 J/m 2 ). The breaks cannot be photolytically induced 5 h after a UV dose of 20 J/m 2 in normal cells; however, in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells, the breaks are inducible for up to 24 h after UV irradiation. Xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells in the same 5-h period show an increase in the number of strand breaks seen with 313-nm light photolysis from about 2 to 4 breaks/10 9 dalton DNA. These breaks can then be induced for up to 24 h. These data suggest that, in normal cells, the lesion responsible for this effect is rapidly repaired or altered; whereas, in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells it seems to remain unchanged. Some change apparently occurs in the DNA of xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells which results in an increase in photolability. These data indicate a deficiency in DNA repair of xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells as well as in xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells.
Multimodal Concept Drawings: Engaging EAL Learners in Brainstorming About Course Terms

The authors describe a multimodal concept drawing activity designed to facilitate students' understanding of terms used within an assignment in a first-year college writing course. In this activity, students write ideas, read definitions, study images, and create multimodal representations of a term in groups of classroom peers. The activity allows students of English as an additional language (EAL) with varying levels of English proficiency to engage with course terms and gives multilingual and monolingual students the opportunity to co-construct knowledge.
The separation of fine, high density particles from a low-density soil matrix using a hydrocyclone

Abstract Tests were carried out to examine the performance of a 25 mm diameter hydrocyclone for separating fine (‐150 μm) particles. Mixtures of fine quartz and magnetite or ferrosilicon of similar size ranges were used to represent low density (e.g., soil) and high density (e.g., heavy metal contaminant) particles, respectively, as might be encountered in a waste remediation or recycling process. Separations were made using various cyclone geometries (e.g., cone angles, discharge openings) and operating conditions (e.g., solids concentration, flow rate). The products were analyzed for heavy metal content and then sized at 25 μm to determine the recoveries for both the total and the +25 μm fractions. The results indicated that there was a trade off between the recovery of low and high density components.
Radical-radical interaction through a saturated link: methylenebis-6-oxoverdazyl.

The diradical methylenebis(1,5-diisopropyl-6-oxoverdazyl) was synthesized by benzoquinone oxidation of the corresponding bis(tetrazane). The diradical crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 21.1411(8) A, b = 12.4781(5) A, c = 8.2457(3) A, β = 108.638(2)°, V = 2061.15 A3, Z = 4. Magnetic measurements indicate the diradical has a singlet ground state and triplet excited state at 150 cm-1. Interaction between the nonconjugated radical centers is also seen in the UV−vis spectrum as a broad shoulder near 500 nm that is not apparent in the spectrum of the monoradical.
Natural History of Positive Urinary Cytology After Radical Cystectomy

Purpose: The natural history and risk of disease progression in patients with positive urine cytology after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma has not been adequately elucidated.Materials and Methods: An institutional review board approved, retrospective review in patients undergoing radical cystectomy was performed to identify those with positive urinary cytology after radical cystectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine factors associated with positive cytology after radical cystectomy and upper tract recurrence after positive cytology. Survival curves and probabilities were examined by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: A total of 101 patients with at least a single positive urinary cytology result after radical cystectomy were identified. Ureteral involvement in the radical cystectomy specimen was significantly associated with subsequent positive cytology. At the first positive urinary cytology only 9 of 101 patients (9%) had documented urothelial recurrence but eventuall...
Testicular and Epididymal Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Rodents: Modulation by Ethanol and Disulfiram

The distribution of (newly found) NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was determined in the rat testis and epididymis as a function of age. There were changes in specific activity of testicular ALDH as a function of age. Epididymal ALDH, which is found evenly distributed between the caput and cauda epididymis, increased initially from the 20th day after birth to the 50th day and remained little altered thereafter in both the caudet and the caput portion of the epididymis. Testicular and epididymal ALDH were found species-dependent with the hamster testis and the rat epididymis showing greater specific activities from the rest of the species studied, respectively. Determinations of testicular ALDH in various mouse strains indicate that it is strain-dependent. Intake of 25% (v/v) ethanol solution as the sole drinking fluid for 10 consecutive days inhibited testicular ALDH in the three mouse strains studied. Administration of disulfiram, 15 mg/kg/day for 60 consecutive days, exerted inhibitory action on testicular and epididymal ALDH in the rat. Intra-peritoneal injection of pyrazol, 100 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, resulted in inhibition of epididymal but not of testicular ALDH. It is suggested that testicular and epididymal ALDH may play a role in the toxic action of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde on the gonad.
Towards Democratic Globalization: To WTO or not to WTO?

In his paper on ‘Economic globalization and institutions of global governance’, Keith Griffin (2003) adopts a welcome forward-looking focus. Griffin is committed to symmetric and democratic globalization and presents policies towards implementing this; I will comment on his argument and then focus on the WTO. According to Griffin, ‘greater globalization, not less, is desirable’ (2003: 793). Here the question is of course what kind of globalization or on what terms? In welcoming ‘greater liberalization, not less’ (ibid.: 792) Griffin is on a similar track as Paul Krugman, Jagdish Bhagwati, Megnad Desai and others. In basic terms this is an obvious case. Developing countries lose about US$ 100 billion a year due to export subsidies and trade barriers in developed countries. Tariff barriers against manufactured goods from the developing world are, on average, four times higher than those against products from the industrialized world and the poorest nations face higher tariffs than less poor nations (Oxfam, 2002; World Bank, 2002). ‘Trade not aid’ has long been the guiding motto. But obvious as the case may be, the question again is not ‘trade or liberalization, or not’, but ‘trade and liberalization on what terms?’. Griffin objects to trends towards protectionism, in particular restrictions on the movement of unskilled labour and the regime of intellectual property rights, and proposes ‘to create a rule-based system of global economic governance as it applies to international trade’ (ibid.: 797). For the global economy Griffin proposes what others propose, in broad outline, with regard to global politics (Held’s cosmopolitan democracy), international law (Richard Falk) or global culture (Ulrich Beck’s ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’). Griffin advocates terminating the World Bank and strengthening the IMF and WTO. Keith Griffin defending the WTO is like Richard Falk invoking ‘just war’ theory to justify the Afghanistan war. It is high-minded, yet doesn’t it fly in the face of unfolding realities? How does Griffin’s prescriptive, normative account of the WTO meet the reality test of the Cancun ministerial and the FTAA (Free Trade Association of the Americas) meeting in Miami? Both cast doom on trade liberalization — if not the
Reductive amination of carbohydrates using NaBH(OAc) 3

An improved protocol for reductive amination of carbohydrates is developed. This derivatization facilitates the detection of oligosaccharides in HPLC-UV and mass spectrometric applications by enhancing the signal of the carbohydrates. In this study, reductive amination was achieved using NaBH(OAc)3. This reducing agent is an attractive alternative to the toxic, but extensively used reducing agent, NaBH3CN. Several types of carbohydrates were successfully derivatized using NaBH(OAc)3, and the results obtained from this protocol were compared with those obtained with NaBH(OAc)3. Both reducing agents were equally effective in side-by-side analysis. Two purification strategies (purification by zip-tip and HPLC) were implemented and the instrumental limit of detection of each method was compared. The detection limit was approximately 1,000 times lower when the purification was done using HPLC, compared to using the zip-tip. Since the derivatization by-products in this protocol are not toxic, MS analysis also could also be performed directly, without purification. The MS/MS data of derivatized and underivatized oligosaccharides were acquired as well. The derivatized oligosaccharides produce more easily interpretable product ions than underivatized oligosaccharides.
LONGITUDINAL EVIDENCE FOR THE VALIDITY OF THE QUICK TEST

Summary.-Data are provided on the concurrent and long-term predictive validity of the Ammons and Ammons Quick Test. The test, along with the General Aptimde Test Battery, Part J, and the Gates Reading Comprehension Test, was administered to a national sample of 2,213 male high school sophomores in 1966. The Quick Test correlated .66 with Part J of the General Aptitude Battery, and .63 with the Gates Test, and-for a subsample--.59 with the Scholastic Aptitude Test, taken in 1969. Follow-up surveys through 1974 provide validating criteria, including educational and occupational attainments. The Quick Tesc is shown to be a valid measure of intellectual ability in that scores obtained in Grade 10 correlated .41 with a measure of educational attainment obtained 8 yr. later. The Quick Test's relationships with the other measures of ability are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Large-Scale Scientific Computers: Scalar Mainframes, Mainframes with Integrated Vector Facilities, and Supercomputers

This article describes the performance evaluation through benchmarking of computers with vector-computing capabilities for general-purpose, large-scale scientific computation. This study differs from others in several respects. The author compared three major classes of machines: scalar mainframe computers, mainframe computers, mainframe computers with integrated vector facilities, and supercomputers. He evaluated throughput (measured by total elapsed time) of these machines using a collection of 20 end-user codes. He also measured the speed of execution of each individual code. He recorded the relative ease with which these codes were converted to run, perhaps at less than optimal performance, in each new environment. Finally he attempted to optimize a few of the codes in order to realize the full potential of the particular machine being benchmarked.
Surface free energy of hadronic and gluonic droplets from lattice QCD

We present the results of a computation of the surface tension on hadronic and gluonic droplets in finite temperature quenched lattice QCD. The surface free energy was obtained by integrating the average action along a path in coupling space corresponding to growing and melting a spherical droplet of a given radius. So far droplets of radius 4, 5 and 8 (in lattice units) have been considered. After discussing ambiguities in the definition of the surface tension due to a droplet’s finite size and thick interface, we compare our results with the Bag model study of Mardor and Svetitsky. Our calculations appear to confirm qualitatively their prediction of a negative surface tension for hadronic droplets with small radii. A similar result is found for gluonic droplets, in contrast however with the Bag model. We also compare our results with the recent lattice simulation of Kajantie, Karkkainen and Rummukainen.
Local thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal venoplasty for the venous complications of thoracic outlet syndrome: case report.

The authors report successful treatment of a case proven to result from the thoracic outlet syndrome by local fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase followed by percutaneous transluminal venoplasty.
MENTAL PATIENTS IN NURSEVG HOMES. III. OWNERS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND NURSES*

: The nursing supervisor is the key staff member in a nursing home, though subject to control by the administrator and owner. The three general types of nursing supervisor are: 1) permissive, 2) dominant, controlling, and 3) staff-centered. Under a permissive supervisor, the pervasive indecision leads to an indifferent staff and anxious patients. Under the dominant supervisor, the home is a model of efficiency and neatness but the loss of self-esteem and interest leads to a high turnover of staff and disregard of patients' emotional needs. Under the staff-centered supervisor, control and responsibility are shared with the staff. Patients are allowed some self-expression and are treated with understanding. Yet, this supervisor maintains mastery of the home. What happens to a home when the nursing supervisor leaves without immediate replacement? The deterioration is described. The attitude of student nurses who visit nursing homes as part of their training is often greatly changed in the direction of a better understanding of the problems of geriatric nursing.
An Examination and Extension of the Zone-of-Tolerance Model: A Comparison to Performance-Based Models of Perceived Quality

The purpose of this study was to extend the examination of alternative conceptual models of perceived quality. The specific models examined were performance-based models and the Zone-of-Tolerance model. First, the authors specify the alternative models along with broadening the theoretical conceptualization of the Zone-of-Tolerance model and its diagnostic value under several theoretically possible scenarios. Second, empirical models comparison tests are conducted. The empirical tests indicate considerable support for the parsimonious performance-based models of perceived quality in predicting perceived value and purchase intentions. However, evidence was found that the performance standards components of the Zone-of-Tolerance model may increase the explanatory power of performance-based models in the prediction of consumer satisfaction.
Estimation of Fusarium scab in wheat using machine vision and a neural network

ABSTRACT A neural network was used to relate color and texture features of wheat samples to damage caused by Fusarium scab infection. A total of 55 color and texture features were extracted from images captured by a machine vision system. Random errors were reduced by using average values of features from multiple images of individual samples. A four-layer backpropagation neural network was used. The percentage of visual scabby kernels (%VSK) estimated by the trained network followed the actual percentage with a correlation coefficient of 0.97; maximum and mean absolute errors were 5.14 and 1.93%, respectively. A comparison between the results by the machine vision-neural network technique and the human expert panel led to the conclusion that the machine vision-neural network technique produced more accurate determination of %VSK than the human expert panel.
Seeded growth of AlN crystals on nonpolar seeds via physical vapor transport

Seeded growth of AlN single crystals was demonstrated in an induction-heated, high-temperature reactor via a physical vapor transport (PVT) process. AlN seeds were prepared from a self-seeded boule containing large single-crystalline grains. Seeded growth was interrupted several times in order to refill the AlN powder source, and a dedicated process scheme was used to ensure epitaxial growth on the seed surface, after prior exposure to air. The growth temperatures were in the range of 2200–2300°C, and the reactor pressure was in the range of 500–900 torr of UHP-grade nitrogen during each growth run. Under these growth conditions, a seed (10 mm diameter) expanded at an angle of 45°, and a larger single crystal up to 18 mm in diameter was obtained. The as-grown surface had three facets, of which facet (1120) was smooth and featureless while the other two, (4150) and (2570), showed serrated morphologies. The double-crystal x-ray rocking curve and glow discharge mass spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the grown crystal was of high crystalline quality with low impurity incorporation.
Spinal cord injury: a model of central neuropathic pain.

The condition of pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the life quality of nearly 70% of individuals with SCI. Clinical studies over the past decade have provided important insights into the com
Form and Vibrational Frequencies of the NO 2 Molecule

BAILEY and Cassie1 have recently presented data on the absorption of NO2 — N2O4 gas mixtures in the region from 2.5μ to 16μ, from which they con clude that the NO2 molecule is linear and symmetrical. As their conclusions and in some respects their data are in disagreement with results obtained recently in this Laboratory, and earlier results2, we wish to present briefly the facts that lead us to conclude that the atoms in the NO2 molecule are disposed as an obtuse angle triangle. Detailed reports will be published elsewhere.