cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A history of resuscitation

In the 1950s, researchers devised the best methods of ventilation. In the 1960s, a method of maintaining circulation and ventilation simultaneously was introduced. In the 1970s, refinements of the understanding of the mechanisms of blood flow during CPR were defined and were accompanied by an aggressive research effort to identify means to improve brain protection during and after cardiac arrest. It is hoped that the fruits of this work will lead to knowledge of better ways to effect resuscitation and will maximize the quality of life in survivors of cardiac arrest.
Patterns of adherence to antiretroviral medications: the value of electronic monitoring.

Objective: To investigate the patterns of intra-subject (between medication) adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Design: A prospective, observational, 3-month study of adherence to antiretroviral therapy at an inner-city clinic in 40 HIV-infected subjects. Methods: Adherence was monitored monthly by the use of medication event monitoring system (Aprex) caps placed on each antiretroviral drug in a subject's regimen. Agreement between different drug classes and dosing schedules, for each subject, was quantified by estimating the mean difference in adherence, with 95% limits of agreement. An analysis of variance model was used to estimate the variance of the differences. Individual dosing calendars were examined for each subject. Results: The dosing schedule was a strong predictor of intra-subject adherence. Regardless of the subject's overall adherence rate, high or low, when subjects missed a dose of one medication, they missed a dose of both medications taken at that dosing time. Conversely, when medications were scheduled to be taken together, regardless of the drug class, the medications were taken at the same times. The majority of the subjects took medications at obviously incorrect times. Problematical adherence was related to thrice-daily dosing and food restrictions. Conclusion: This is the first report objectively to quantify intra-subject adherence to antiretroviral therapy and report the findings in detail. We observed clear patterns of drug-taking behavior among the subjects in our study. To the extent that medication scheduling is a controllable factor, our report provides an insight into specific patterns of behavior that may be targets for adherence counseling.
Dental Care Access for Low-Income and Immigrant Cancer Patients in New York City

This exploratory study assesses the dental care needs and access of low-income, mostly immigrant cancer patients enrolled in New York City’s Integrated Cancer Care Action Network (ICCAN). A nested cohort of patients from ICCAN responded to a dental needs assessment that surveyed current dental health as well as access to, and use of, dental services. 373 patients participated. Self-report of having a dentist to visit, current dental problems, income, and insurance most significantly predicted a dentist visit in the past year. Discussing treatment-related oral side effects with the oncologist greatly increased the likelihood of seeing a dentist, but few patients reported having had this conversation. There is a lack of oral care information flowing from oncologists to low income patients. We found a high number of reported dental problems: concerning because of potential treatment interference and risk for infection. Finally, ability to pay largely determined dental care access in our study participants.
The X-ray photoemission spectra of La(OH)3

Abstract Experimental X-ray photoelectron spectra of lanthanum at La3+ 5p, 5s, 4d, 4p, 4s, and 3d and OH− 1σ, 2σ, 3σ, and 1π levels are reported. An arithmetic method derived from a combination of Wendin's quasi-particle model and the Johansson-Martensson model with first-order correction, is developed to explain the physical phenomena observed in this work. The developed working model suggests that the spectral function of a long lifetime quasi-particle coupled with non-lifetime broadening is a Gaussian function, locates the atomic orbital energy, accounts for the atom-to-solid core level shift and corrects the small variation in binding energy caused by the correlation energy. The spectral function also determines the pure solid state energy shift when the correlation energy of the studied atom or ion is known and calculates semi-empirically the dipole relaxation energy shift. Based on this arithmetic method, La3+, 4d1, and 3d1 and OH− 1σ1, 2σ1, 3σ1, and 1π1 holes are normal quasi-particles having a minimal amount of the dipole relaxation energy shift. However, La3+ 5s1, 4p1 and 4s1 holes are quasi-particles that are severely distorted by the dipole relaxation energy shift, ΣCD (eCA). The ΣCD (eCA) values of La3+ 5s1, 4p1, and 4s1 holes are 3.59(28), 11.58(28), and 11.24(28) eV, respectively.
Using Magic for AIDS Prevention: Some Teaching Techniques

Abstract This article describes four easy “magic tricks” which can be used as “attention getters” for AIDS and STD prevention. The effect of each trick, the secret of how to make and perform it, and an educational message to go with the trick is described. These magic tricks can be used with high school students and other young adults.
Japanese Policy toward the North Korean Problem: Balancing Bilateralism and Multilateralism

North Korea became an urgent problem for Japan as a result of the 1994 nuclear crisis in North Korea, the 1998 missile launch over Japan and the 2003-4 nuclear crisis. At the historic Tokyo-Pyongyang summit in September 2002, both sides acknowledged the need to solve the security issues surrounding the Korean Peninsula through peaceful, multilateral efforts. However, the issue of North Korean abduction of Japanese citizens in earlier decades intensified Japanese sentiment against the North and this issue halted bilateral normalization talks. Japan has participated in six-party talks on the nuclear issue since 2004, but its distinct bilateral interests vis-a-vis North Korea, South Korea and the United States limit its influence in the multiparty engagement.
Polyclinal, a new sulfated polyhydroxy benzaldehyde from the marine ascidian Polyclinum planum

A new sulfated polyhydroxy benzaldehyde has been isolated from extracts of the temperate colonial ascidianPolyclinum planum. The structure of the new metabolite was solved by an X-ray crystallographic study. The highest concentration of this metabolite was found in the zooid-rich outer layers of this ascidian suggesting that it may represent a potential chemical defense against predators.
How Do Missing Data Bias Estimates of Within-Group Agreement? Sensitivity of SDWG, CVWG, rWG(J), rWG(J) ∗ , and ICC to Systematic Nonresponse

In multilevel theory testing, estimation of group-level properties (i.e., consensus and diversity) is often complicated by missing data. Researchers are left to draw inferences about group constructs (e.g., organizational climate and climate strength) from the responses of only a subset of group members. This study analyzes the biasing impact of random and non-random missingness patterns on within-group agreement and reliability (standard deviation, coefficient of variation, rWG(J), r*WG(J), ADM, aWG , and intraclass correlation) across a range of response rates, numbers of items, and systematic missing data mechanisms. Results demonstrate biases up to 20% over- or underestimation for common response rates found in organizational research. Correction formulae are presented, which enable assessment of the sensitivity of multilevel results to survey nonresponse.
An Examination Of Accounting Majors Ethical Decisions Before And After An Ethics Course Requirement

The increased focus on ethical decision making in the accounting profession has resulted in greater attention being paid to the education of future accountants. Texas is one of the states that requires a State Board approved university course in Accounting Ethics to be on the transcript of prospective CPA candidates. This study reports on research using senior/graduate level accounting majors at a Texas state university before the university course requirement and after the requirement. The survey presented four vignettes for the students to consider (i.e., 2 describe an ethical decision and 2 describe an unethical decision). Students were requested to indicate (1) how ethical/unethical they believed the actions described were and (2) the probability that they would take the same action as the actor. The results of the analysis indicate no significant differences in the responses of the students whenever the vignette describes a situation in which the accountant makes an ethical decision. However, significant differences were indicated in both decisions whenever the students were dealing with a vignette describing an accountant making an unethical decision.
The genesis of Typhoon Nuri as observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS-08) field experiment – Part 3: Dynamics of low-level spin-up during the genesis

Abstract. Aircraft reconnaissance data collected during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field campaign are used to examine further kinematical, dynamical, and thermodynamical aspects of the genesis of Typhoon Nuri. Data from the first two missions into the pre-Nuri disturbance document the transition from a tropical wave to a tropical depression. Dropwindsonde-derived tangential wind profiles at several radii from the low-level circulation center indicate that the magnitude of low-level circulation increases and that the corresponding tangential velocity maximum moves inward from the first to second reconnaissance mission. To compliment these findings, a three-dimensional variational analysis incorporating both dropwindsonde and aircraft Doppler radar data is conducted. These data are used to perform circulation tendency calculations at multiple distances from the low-level circulation center. The results demonstrate a net spin-up of the system-scale circulation in the low levels near the center and in the outer regions of the recirculating Kelvin cat's eye circulation. In these regions, the spin-up tendency due to the influx of cyclonic absolute vorticity exceeds the frictional spin-down tendency for both Nuri missions. The system-scale spin-up is found to be accompanied by areas of low-level vorticity concentration through vortex-tube stretching associated with cumulus convection. The areal coverage and intensity of these high-vorticity regions increase between the first and second Nuri missions. The findings of this study are consistent in some respects to the Nuri observational analysis carried out by Raymond and Lopez-Carrillo (2011), but differ in their suggested key results and related scientific implications that the pre-Nuri disturbance was spinning down in the planetary boundary layer on the first day of observations. The findings herein strongly support a recent tropical cyclogenesis model positing that the Kelvin cat's eye circulation of the parent wave-like disturbance provides a favorable environment for convective vorticity organization and low-level spin-up on the mesoscale.
Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate Effects on Reducing Pink Color Defect of Cooked Intact Turkey Breasts and Ground Turkey Rolls

The ability of citric acid (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%) and sodium citrate (1.0%) to reduce the pink color defect induced with sodium nitrite (1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm) and nicotinamide (0.5%, 1. 0%) in cooked, intact turkey breasts and ground turkey rolls was examined. Citric acid at 0.2%, and 0.3% and sodium citrate consistently reduced natural or induced pink color in ground turkey rolls but had no effect on pink colour of intact turkey breasts. Citric acid reduced pH and cooking yields, whereas sodium citrate did not. Therefore sodium citrate may represent a viable option for use by poultry processors in reducing the occurrence of undesirable pink color in cooked, uncured, ground turkey.
PARASITES OF JUVENILE BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) FROM HUNT CREEK, MICHIGAN

Four parasite species (Crepidostomum cooperi, Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, Acanthocephalus dirus, Salmincola edwardsii) infected 215 juvenile brook trout (105 young-of-year; 110, 1-yr-old) from Hunt Creek, Michigan, in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Prevalences of these species in 2004 (main study year) varied from 29 to 37%. Crepidostomum cooperi had the highest mean intensity and mean abundance, followed by C. ephemeridarum. The number of fish infected with each parasite species was significantly higher in 1-yr-old fish than in young-of-year fish. Also, the mean intensities and mean abundances of C. cooperi and C. ephemeridarum and the mean abundance of A. dirus were significantly higher in older fish. The mean intensity of C. cooperi and prevalence of A. dirus were significantly higher in fish between creek sections. Fish length had a significant positive effect on the abundances of C. cooperi and C. ephemeridarum; parasite species richness, on the abundances of A. dirus and S. edwardsii; and parasite species...
Continuous water quality monitoring for the hard clam industry in Florida, USA

In 2000, Florida’s fast-growing hard clam aquaculture industry became eligible for federal agricultural crop insurance through the US Department of Agriculture, but the responsibility for identifying the cause of mortality remained with the grower. Here we describe the continuous water quality monitoring system used to monitor hard clam aquaculture areas in Florida and show examples of the data collected with the system. Systems recording temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water depth, turbidity and chlorophyll at 30 min intervals were installed at 10 aquaculture lease areas along Florida’s Gulf and Atlantic coasts. Six of these systems sent data in real-time to a public website, and all 10 systems provided data for web-accessible archives. The systems documented environmental conditions that could negatively impact clam survival and productivity and identified biologically relevant water quality differences among clam aquaculture areas. Both the real-time and archived data were used widely by clam growers and nursery managers to make management decisions and in filing crop loss insurance claims. While the systems were labor and time intensive, we recommend adjustments that could reduce costs and staff time requirements.
Creating Innovative Research Designs: The 10-Year Methodological Think Tank Case Study

PURPOSE Addressing important but complex research questions often necessitates the creation of innovative mixed methods designs. This report describes an approach to developing research designs for studying important but methodologically challenging research questions. METHODS The Methodological Think Tank has been held annually in conjunction with the Primary Care Research Methods and Statistics Conference in San Antonio since 1994. A group of 3 to 4 methodologists with expertise balanced between quantitative and qualitative backgrounds is invited by the think tank coordinators to serve on a 2-day think tank to discuss a research question selected from those submitted in response to a call for proposals. During the first half-day, these experts explore the content area with the investigator, often challenging beliefs and assumptions. During the second half-day, the think tank participants systematically prune potential approaches until a desirable research method is identified. RESULTS To date, the most recent 7 think tanks have produced fundable research designs, with 1 being funded by a K award and 4 by R01 grants. All participating investigators attributed much of their success to think tank participation. Lessons learned include (1) the importance of careful selection of participating methodologists, (2) all think tank communities of inquiry must go through 4 stages of development from pseudocommunity to community, and (3) the critical importance of listening by the investigator. CONCLUSION Researchers and academic departments could use this process locally to develop innovative research designs.
Electrical Impact and Power Capability of the Battery Pack Equipped in the PHEVs

Battery is a commonly used energy storage component of the ESS (energy storage system) widely applied in the development of the PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles). With the different system configurations and parameters selection, battery will undertake the different electrical stress, e.g., loss and current ripple which are believed to pose the discount of its longevity. This paper addresses the electrical impact and power capability of the battery pack under different system configurations. Influence of the internal impedance of the battery and capacitor will be emphasized. Simulation and experiments validated that, the topology of boost converter followed by a three-phase inverter has the advantages compared to the traditional stand-alone inverter-fed motor drive system in suppressing the high-order current harmonics and elevating the power capability.
Bayesian model selection: analysis of a survival model with a surviving fraction

We describe a methodology for model comparison in a Bayesian framework as applied to survival with a surviving fraction. This is illustrated using a case study of a randomized and controlled clinical trial investigating time until recurrence of depression. Posterior distributions are simulated using Metropolis-within-Gibbs Markov chain methods. Models reflecting the effects of covariates on the log odds of being in the surviving fraction, the log of the hazard rate, as well as both and neither are compared. Bayes factors for comparing the models are obtained by using the bridge sampling method of calculating normalizing constants.
Communication by sleeping: Optimizing a relay channel under wake and transmit power costs

In many low-power networks, the power cost for a node to remain ON to listen to transmissions from other nodes or to transmit to other nodes can constitute a significant part of the total power consumption by the radio. Thus, unlike the traditional relay channel model, under a low power constraint, the relay node cannot stay ON and listen to the entire duration of the transmission. We study the slope of the capacity-power function at zero power for relay channels where the power cost of remaining ON is explicitly taken into account. We show that in this low-power limit, information is conveyed primarily through the ON-OFF activity of the source. The relay node should have significantly more power compared to the source node in order to improve the slope at zero power. The rough intuition is that, in order for a relay node to be useful, it needs to stay ON and listen during a significant portion of the time during which the source node may transmit. This fact limits the utility of the relay to those cases where the it has much higher power than the source node it is trying to help.
The vector theory of strong interactions and antinucleon-nucleon annihilation

The hypothesis that antinucleon-nucleon annihilation at rest is dominated by single-particle intermediate states consisting of vector mesons is examined. The hypothesis is consistent with current experiments and offers an explanation of certain observed features of the annihilation process. Several critical tests are suggested to verify or repudiate the hypothesis.
Post-test analysis of a piping penetration in a 1:6-Scale model of a reinforced concrete containment building

Abstract In a scale-model overpressurization test of a reinforced concrete containment building, the steel liner proved to be the weak-link for preventing the escape of gas from the containment. During the experiment, a tear propagated through the liner along the edge of a thickened section that surrounded a piping penetration. The rate of leakage through this tear was so great that it made further pressurization of the model impossible. A post-test finite element analysis of the region where the tear developed indicates that the tear was initiated by high strains that developed locally near a stud anchor which attached the liner to the reinforced concrete. This conclusion is also supported by visual observations of the failed area and measurements of local thinning of the liner. The elevated strains near the stud anchor were caused by a shear force that was introduced to the liner through the stud. This shear force developed as the result of circumferential slippage between the liner and concrete caused by the presence of the thickness discontinuity in the reinforced area.
Persistent verrucous varicella as the initial manifestation of HIV infection

Clinical presentations of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection may vary widely among healthy and immunocompromised patients. In addition, the recurrence of VZV infection with cutaneous manifestations in both of these populations is more common than was once believed. Most cases of verrucous varicella infection have been reported in patients with documented immunosuppression (most commonly HIV/AIDS). We present an unusual case of persistent verrucous varicella, which was the initial manifestation of HIV infection, in a previously "healthy" 3-year-old girl with a strong family history of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Current research, therapeutic options, and differential diagnoses with regard to VZV infection are briefly reviewed.
BEARING LOADS IN A VEHICULAR FLYWHEEL BATTERY

Radial and axial rotor support bearings are critical elements in flywheel batteries for vehicle applications. This paper discusses the quantification of bearing loads required for the development of optimal bearing designs, particularly magnetic bearings. The primary contributors to bearing loads are shown to be vehicle shock, vibration, maneuvering, and gyrodynamics. Emphasis is placed on transit bus applications. Available data for each is presented, including actual measurements made on buses, and a detailed analysis of gyrodynamics.
Sonographic scoring for operating room triage in trauma

Study objectives: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) provides a timely noninvasive method for patient assessment in blunt trauma. We examined which physiologic criteria combined with the FAST examination can be used to more accurately predict which patients require laparotomy than using the FAST examination alone. Methods: This was an observational, prospective study of emergency department (ED) patients who underwent FAST examination during their initial trauma evaluation. The study was performed at an urban, regional Level I trauma center. FAST examinations were performed by an emergency medicine resident or attending physician certified in bedside ultrasonography. FAST examinations were scored as described by Huang, with values ranging from 0 to 8, depending on the amount and location of intraperitoneal blood. Physiologic criteria recorded include out-of-hospital vital signs, vital signs at FAST examination, arterial blood gas, hemoglobin, age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and whether a pelvis fracture was present. Records of all included patients who underwent laparotomy in the first 72 hours after admission were reviewed by a trauma surgeon to determine the necessity of the laparotomy according to the degree of injury to the spleen, liver, intraperitoneal free blood, hollow viscous organs, great vessel, diaphragm, pancreas, or bladder rupture. A statistician performed area under the curve analysis using 1-, 2-, and 3-variable models for all possible combinations of physiologic data and ultrasonographic score. Results: There were 1,113 patients enrolled in the study. Nine hundred seventy-three patients had blunt trauma, and 140 had penetrating injuries. Of the 973 blunt trauma patients, 48 patients went to the operating room for laparotomy. The average ultrasonographic score for laparotomy cases was 2.5. For nonlaparotomy cases, the average score was 0.1. A 3-variable model consisting of ED systolic blood pressure, ED respiratory rate, and ultrasonographic score had a value of 0.88970 for area under the curve. Conclusion: A model combining ultrasonographic score and immediately available physiologic criteria can predict the need for laparotomy in blunt trauma. If validated prospectively, the rule may allow emergency and trauma surgeons to expedite laparotomy for those who need it.
Intended and Unintended Consequences of CEO and Top Management Team Compensation

Executive compensation has become a major issue in contemporary society, particularly with the lavish compensatory packages that today seem to be the standard rather than the rule. The aims of this chapter are to discuss different components of executive compensation and more importantly the impact that these components have on executive behavior and firm performance. The chapter begins by addressing both the theoretical and practical intentions of different aspects of both individual aspects of executive compensation packages and then from a more macro view, the intentions of behind inequality of the overall executive level compensation structure within the firm. Following this discussion, focus is turned to the more ominous unanticipated outcomes that have been demonstrated to be produced through different aspects of compensatory packages and structures. Generally, this chapter addresses both how individual executive compensation packages and firm level compensation structure achieve intended benefits (i.e., goal and risk alignment between shareholder and executive) while also eliciting unintended consequences (i.e., negative effects of risk taking, fraudulent reporting, earnings manipulation, inter-team conflict, decreased employee satisfaction, decreased firm performance).
Part 6: The role of communication in better understanding unproven cellular therapies.

Division of Hematology, Cell Therapy Laboratory,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) Global Secretary 2013–2016, Editor in Chief of Telegraft, University of Minnesota Center for Bioethics and School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, Member at Large of the ISCT Presidential Task Force on the Use of Unproven Cellular Therapies, and School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Member at large of the ISCT Presidential Task Force on the Use of Unproven Cellular Therapies
Effect of Vitamins C and E on Endothelial Function in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background/Objectives. Endothelial dysfunction due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage is an important predictor of future cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is present in adolescent T1DM. We hypothesized that combined treatment with the antioxidant vitamins C and E might improve endothelial function (EF) and other biochemical risk factors in adolescents with T1DM. Subjects/Methods. Open-label antioxidant supplementation was given for six weeks with endpoint measurements collected at baseline and study completion. Endpoints measured included EF and plasma measurements of biochemical endothelial risk. Results. Two males and 7 females were studied. Mean age was 12.9 ± 0.9 yrs; mean T1DM duration was 5.5 ± 2.5 yrs; mean BMI was 22.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2; and mean hemoglobin A1c was 9.3 ± 1.1%. No differences were found for EF, high sensitivity CRP, total antioxidant capacity, adiponectin, or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) between before and after combined vitamin C and E therapy. Conclusions. Our negative study results do not support previous findings of decreased oxidative damage, improved endothelial function, and increased vascular repair capacity with antioxidant therapy. Longer term studies may be needed to determine the effects, if any, of combined antioxidant therapy on EPCs, EF, and markers of micro- and macrovascular complications in T1DM.
Development and Applications of a Human Tumor Colony Assay for Chemosensitivity Testing

Using the human tumor colony assay, the growth and chemosensitivity of clonogenic tumor cells present in fresh biopsies of human tumors can be investigated. Excellent evidence has been obtained that colonies grown in HTCA are comprised of tumor cells, and that clonogenic cells within tumor colonies have self-renewal properties (the defining feature of tumor stem cells). Clinical correlations have been made between in vitro chemosensitivity and the response of patients with metastatic cancer to chemotherapy. In a series of trials, HTCA has had a 71% true positive rate and a 91% true negative rate for predicting drug sensitivity and resistance respectively of cancer patients to specific chemotherapeutic agents. HTCA has also had several areas of application to new drug development and screening. Ongoing developmental research is needed to improve growth rates for many tumor types and to further improve assay methodology and thereby enhance its applicability to predictive drug sensitivity testing.
Genetic link between renal birth defects and congenital heart disease

Structural birth defects in the kidney and urinary tract are observed in 0.5% of live births and are a major cause of end-stage renal disease, but their genetic aetiology is not well understood. Here we analyse 135 lines of mice identified in large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen and show that 29% of mutations causing congenital heart disease (CHD) also cause renal anomalies. The renal anomalies included duplex and multiplex kidneys, renal agenesis, hydronephrosis and cystic kidney disease. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings, we examined patients with CHD and observed a 30% co-occurrence of renal anomalies of a similar spectrum. Together, these findings demonstrate a common shared genetic aetiology for CHD and renal anomalies, indicating that CHD patients are at increased risk for complications from renal anomalies. This collection of mutant mouse models provides a resource for further studies to elucidate the developmental link between renal anomalies and CHD.
Carrier relaxation and recombination in InGaN/GaN quantum heterostructures probed with time-resolved cathodoluminescence

Spatially, spectrally, and temporally resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques have been employed to examine the optical properties and kinetics of carrier relaxation in InGaN/GaN heterostructure and single quantum well (QW) samples. CL images of the QW sample revealed a spotty cellular pattern indicative of local In compositional fluctuations on a scale of < 100 nm. The compositional variations induce local potential fluctuations, resulting in a strong lateral excitonic localization at InN-rich regions in the InGaN QW layer. Time-resolved CL measurements revealed a lateral spatial variation in the luminescence decay time which correlates with the spatial variation in the luminescence efficiency. A reduced lifetime is observed at boundary regions between centers of excitonic localization. A detailed time-resolved CL study shows that carriers generated in the boundary regions will diffuse toward and recombine at the InN-rich centers. An electron beam induced modification of the emission spectra was observed for InGaN/GaN heterostructure samples. Exposure to the e-beam resulted in a shift in the near-band gap emission to higher energies with a simultaneous increase in the emission intensity. These result are interpreted as a modification of the surface passivation through e-beam exposure and carbidization of the surface.
Hexose-6-phosphatase activity in the seminal vesicles and prostate gland of the rat.

SummaryThe seminal vesicles and prostate gland of the rat are capable of hydrolyzing both fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. This hydrolytic activity is located in different regions from those containing acid and alkaline phosphatase. The activity toward the hexose phosphates is easily destroyed by fixing agents. The significance of the hexose phosphatase activity is briefly discussed in relation to the fructose metabolism of the male reproductive system.
Myocardial Contrast Stress Echo Versus Fractional Flow Reserve A Fair Fight Among Ischemic Tests

The ischemic potential of a coronary artery stenosis is revealed by physiological challenges, manifesting as myocardial malperfusion, and depending on the severity and duration of ischemia, mechanical and electric dysfunctions. Coronary pathophysiological changes can be measured either directly by translesional coronary pressure and flow or indirectly by positron emission tomography perfusion studies or nuclear scintigraphy. Real-time myocardial contrast stress echocardiography (RTMCE) is another technique that provides a measure of myocardial perfusion, while simultaneously demonstrating abnormal regional LV contraction, one of the most concrete functional consequences of ischemia.1 See Article by Wu et al In the invasive assessment of coronary disease, several translesional pressure/flow metrics, both at rest and during hyperemic stress, have been examined, the most well-known (and well studied) of which is fractional flow reserve (FFR), a pressure-derived measurement of the hemodynamic significance of an epicardial stenosis. It has an ischemic threshold value of <0.75 to 0.80 below which there is a strong association with ischemia as defined by a composite of 3 noninvasive stress tests. Initially, FFR was, thus, compared against the best “gold” standards then available and subsequently validated in multiple large clinical outcome studies.2,3 When comparing FFR to other invasive physiological indices or newer noninvasive stress tests, recall that FFR is specific only for the epicardial resistance and does not inform us the status of the microcirculation. In contrast, techniques such as Doppler flow wire, coronary thermodilution, and RTMCE flow measure coronary flow itself, which is affected by both the epicardial and coronary microvascular resistances. These techniques permit the computation of coronary flow reserve (CFR, ratio of maximal to basal coronary blood flow [CBF]); thus, providing complementary …
Understanding Full Life-cycle Sustainability Impacts of Energy Alternatives ☆

Abstract Pragmatic and reliable methods for assessing sustainability remain difficult for many organizations. Further, understanding the three elements of sustainability over the full life cycle of products and processes is essential. In some cases, understanding environmental issues is the easiest area. However, economic and social issues are less well understood. Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis is a framework for reviewing all three areas and enabling not only full coverage but understanding balancing and interactions between the elements. This paper reviews the three elements of sustainability, life cycle assessment, and analysis and evaluation of the three elements over a life cycle. These frameworks will be described so as to facilitate development of ways to help decision makers present proposals and illustrate results. Means are presented to enable illustration of findings to both expert and non-expert audiences. Specifically, uses of the life cycle sustainability triangle and the life cycle sustainability dashboard will presented. Examples will be presented for a comparison of solar PV panels. Other examples include alternative energy sources in Mexico to 2050, contrasting alternative vehicles, and electricity scenarios in the UK to 2070. The paper is intended to help practitioners better understand linkages between the three elements of sustainability and ways to analyze them.
Visualized prosocial behavior and emotion in late life

Correlational research suggests that among older adults prosociality relates to positive emotions; yet causality remains unclear. We conducted an experiment to investigate whether visualizing a prosocial action would experience enhanced positive and lower negative emotion, and whether this would be particularly true for those with certain altruistic personality traits. Participants aged sixty and above were primed with a prosocial (helping a needy stranger), social (going out with friends), or neutral (walking down the street) induction. Results indicated that positive affect was highest among those who visualized a prosocial interaction, and that this effect was strongest among those higher in social responsibility. In contrast, less altruistically oriented participants reported higher negative affect in the prosocial condition. Thus, while prosociality promoted positive affect particularly among the socially responsible, it led to increased negative affect among those lower in altruistic orienta...
A Unified Wall Boundary Treatment for Viscous and Inviscid Flows in the CE/SE Method

In the setting of the conservation element-solution element (CE/SE) method, a new and unified wall boundary treatment for the Navier-Stokes and Euler Equations is proposed. In essence, the shear stress exerted on the fluid by a wall is modeled as a source term as a part of local spacetime flux conservation in the vicinity of a wall boundary. When the fluid is inviscid, the source term vanishes and the boundary condition reduces to the usual 'slip' condition. On the other hand, when the fluid is viscous, the source-term effect is consistent with the traditional no-slip condition. Numerical results show that the new treatment is robust, efficient, and accurate for viscous and inviscid flows.
Conference Session III: Advocacy. Presented by Kevin Smith, the Dean of Libraries at the University of Kansas.

In his presentation on Advocacy at the 2017 Kraemer Copyright Conference, Kevin Smith offered participants suggestions on how to engage various stakeholders on copyright issues. Using a model of advocacy derived from the environmental movement, Smith encouraged participants to acquire a strong understanding of the incentives and barriers that are in play for decision makers involved in this issue, and to tailor one’s approach to the specific audience addressed. Stakeholders bring different perceptions of how to achieve the balancing purpose of copyright and advocates must grasp the motives present on all sides of the issue. He makes the case for telling stories alongside data in presenting a position because narratives are usually more interesting and memorable than the rules and abstract principles they demonstrate. Smith also offered guidance on how to address risk in copyright contexts, and extolled the positive impact created by simply behaving in a respectful and friendly way toward everyone involved in the conversation.
The Robert Honeyman Jr. Collection Digital Archive: EAD and the Use of Library and Museum Descriptive Standards

The emergence of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) has ledto increased access to primary source materials such as personal and corporate papers, and government archives.Though initially developed to electronically encode such paper-based archives, EAD is now being exploredas a tool for cataloging large collections of primarysource visual materials, such as photographs and worksof art, and making them accessible on the internet.The Honeyman Collection Digital Archive project,carried out by The Bancroft Library at the Universityof California at Berkeley, was one of the first largecollections of primary source visual materials to be fullycataloged and encoded using EAD. In cataloging the collection,the project sought to incorporate cross-community descriptivestandards and practices, as well as providing highly detailedrecords for each item in the collection. This paper will describe that project and the standards that wereemployed. The resulting digital archive has demonstratedthat EAD is a viable option for handling large collectionsof primary source visual materials, and that implementationof shared standards and practices is possible and can move uscloser to the goal of improved access.
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation of the lumbar vertebrae in a porcine model: a correlation of clinical, radiologic and pathologic findings

Purpose To evaluate the effects of IRE ablation of the lumbar vertebrae in pigs. Materials and Methods Sixteen CT-guided IRE ablations [transpedicular location, (n=8 vertebrae) and directly over the posterior cortex (n=8 vertebrae)] were performed in the lumbar vertebrae of 8 pigs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained immediately prior to euthanasia at 2 or 7-days postablation. Clinical, imaging and histopathological data were analyzed. The maximum length and width of the ablation zone was measured on the T2 and T1 + contrast MRI sequences and compared with histopatholgic measurements. Miller’s low-bias back-transformation was used to construct 95% confidence intervals for the mean absolute percent difference using square root transformed data. Results IRE probe placement and ablation was successful in all cases. The mean distances from the IRE probe to the posterior wall of vertebral body or the exiting nerve root were 2.93 ± 0.77 mm and 7.87 ± 1.99 mm respectively. None of the animals had neurologic deficits or MRI findings of focal myelopathy or radiculopathy. Well delineated areas of necrosis of bone marrow and bone tissues, and acute degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle adjacent to the vertebral body were present. These lesions were associated with tissue repair changes in the 7-day postablation animals. Four of 8 ablations in the transpedicular group and 3 of 8 ablations in the posterior cortex group had minimal to moderate acute degenerative lesions of adjacent nerve roots that were not clinically significant. The absolute percent difference of ablation measurements between MRI sequences and histopathological lesions showed an average error range of 24.2-28.8% [95% CI: (12.2%, 47.3%)] on T2 and 26.1-33.3% [95% CI: (15.1%, 52.6%)] on T1+contrast sequences. Conclusion IRE ablation of the lumbar vertebrae in pigs is feasible, safe, and produces localized necrosis of the bone, bone marrow and muscle tissues. No neurological clinical symptoms were associated with this procedure. MRI signal changes are not accurate indicators of the ablation zone when compared with histopathologic findings.
The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) neurosecretory system in intact, adrenalectomized, and adrenalectomized-dexamethasone treated rats. An immunocytochemical analysis.

In general, antisera generated against ovine CRF do not reveal immunopositive neuronal perikarya in the rat. If animals are adrenalectomized significant amounts of immunoreactive CRF are present in the hypothalamus. By using this model, we have visualized the CRF system of the rat. Intact, intact pretreated with dexamethasone, adrenalectomized, and adrenalectomized pretreated with dexamethasone animals were used in the present study. In adrenalectomized and adrenalectomized plus dexamethasone treated animals the CRF-immunopositive neurons were observed in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus. Distinct pathways of CRF fibers could be seen emerging from this hypothalamic nucleus. The greatest number of these fibers exited the PVN laterally and crossed either superior to or beneath the fibers of the fornix. The fibers then turned ventrally and cascaded to form a bundle of fibers above the superio-lateral margin of the optic chiasm. They turned caudally and followed the optic tract. As these fibers reached the level of the anterior median eminence, they turned medially to run along the inferior margin of the hypothalamus and enter the median eminence. A few fibers emerged from the PVN along the periventricular margin of the third ventricle, traveled caudally in the periventricular nucleus and entered the median eminence. Adrenalectomized and adrenalectomized-dexamethasone treated rats had very dense accumulations of immunoreactive CRF in the median eminence when compared with controls. Immunoreactive neurons and fibers were also observed in the central nucleus of the amygdala in the adrenalectomized and adrenalectomized-dexamethasone treated animals.
Overall survival (OS) in stage II resected pancreatic cancer ( PC) using gemcitabine (Gem)/taxane adjuvant therapy (Rx): a single-institution experience.

e15693Background: Adjuvant rx using single-agent gem in resected PC typically has produced median / 5-year (yr) survivals of 18-22 months (mo)/ 10%, respectively. As taxanes added to gem improved O...
Becoming a “Mexican Feminist”: Disciplinary Becoming Through Interactional Histories Across Communities and Contexts

This chapter explores the experiences of Fabiola, who began English-medium schooling in ninth grade and went on to complete a Gender and Women’s Studies undergraduate major. Her selection of this major—through which she came to self-identify as a Mexican feminist—is the turning point in her language and literacy journey. Literacy events preceding this choice demonstrate ways Fabiola used writing to initially explore her interest in feminism outside of disciplinary communities, and those that occurred afterward illustrate how she forged intersectional but circumscribed disciplinary identities through writing. An overview of Fabiola’s language and literacy experiences during this study is provided, followed by LIHA analyses of literacy events demonstrating these trends before and after her turning point.
High Frequency Characterization of Magnetic Rod Cores with Anisotropic Power Loss.

Here we describe a core test fixture which properly aligns the field within a low aspect ratio rod core sample without introducing nonlinear power loss mechanisms. The magnetization at the center of a long solenoid inductor is ai r -ONA, where ix, is the relative permeability of the core, N is the number of turns, / is the coil current, andL is the length of the coil. The end portions of the magnetic core can be emulated with additional solenoid windings, as shown in Fig. 1. In order to maintain constant flux through the core test sample, the emulation coils must generate a field equal to the magnetization of the core: (1,-1)N, IjL = N,114 (1) Where the x subscript indicates parameters for the outer excitation coil and the e subscript indicates parameters for the core emulation coils on each side of the test sample. This arrangement is beneficial because the portions of the core which experience flux perpendicular to the intended measurement direction are now replaced with windings which have isotropic, linear, and predictable power loss. The excitation and core emulation coils should be connected in series to ensure the coil currents have the same phase. Since 4 = I, the currents drop out of (1). We then define an optimal turns ratio, a , between the core emulation and excitation coils as cr op , = NJAc= (1.4-1)(414) (2) Fig. 2 shows finite element simulation results for different values of the turns ratio a, where the vertical axis is the amount of flux that is perpendicular to the intended measurement direction divided by the total amount of flux. The a = a op , line assumes that the future's turns ratio is changed for each permeability, according to (2). The perpendicular flux ratio reaches up to 0.5% becanse a nonzero gap between the core and emulation coils was assumed for the simulation.