cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-discharge anxiety among mothers of well newborns: Prevalence and correlates

Objective: To explore the prevalence and correlates of maternal postpartum anxiety. Methods: 422 of 973 invited mothers (43%) were screened for anxiety before hospital discharge with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Recent medical and social life events, stress, resiliency (mastery, social support, and marital satisfaction), length of stay, discharge readiness, anticipatory medical care, and history of psychiatric illness and depression were assessed by questionnaire and medical record review. Results: 24.9% of mothers had moderate and 1% severe anxiety. Higher anxiety was observed among young, unmarried, primiparous mothers with male infants, and anxiety correlated with medical and negative social life events, stress, history of depression, and duration of postpartum stay. Inverse correlations were observed with maternal education and household income, pregnancy planning, prenatal class attendance, infant healthcare provider identification, and with all resiliency factors. In multivariate models, pre-discharge anxiety was significantly associated with medical life events and the maternal perception of perinatal stress, and negatively associated with mastery, marital satisfaction, and choice of infant healthcare provider. Conclusion: Moderate maternal anxiety is common prior to perinatal hospital discharge, especially among women with low mastery and marital satisfaction, stressful perinatal courses, and failure to identify an infant healthcare provider.
Clusters as Ligands. 6. Mixed-Metal Cluster Carboxylates of Titanium and Zirconium Derived from (η5-C5H5)M‘(CO)2Co2(CO)6(μ3-CCOOH), M‘ = Mo, W

The cluster acid CpM‘(CO)2Co2(CO)6(μ3-CCOOH) (M‘ = Mo, W; Cp = η5-C5H5), 1, has been synthesized in good yield from the protected (CO)9Co3(μ3-CC(O)OR) cluster by metal fragment exchange followed by...
Design and synthesis of multiple-loop receptors based on a calix〚4〛arene scaffold for protein surface recognition

Abstract We have recently reported a synthetic protein binding agent with fourfold symmetry containing four identical peptide loops attached to the four phenyl groups of a calix〚4〛arene core. One of these first generation derivatives not only bound strongly to cytochrome c but also blocked its ability to interact with protein partners or simple reducing agents. In developing second generation protein binding agents with better affinity and selectivity, we required a synthetic approach that would lead to a less symmetrical arrangement of the peptide loops around the core calix〚4〛arene scaffold. We herein report an important step in the wider application of this strategy with the preparation of a series of unsymmetrical receptors in which two different loops are attached to the core calixarene.
Behavioral Interventions in Tobacco Dependence

Patients who smoke represent a frustrating social paradox. The harmful effects of tobacco use have been well publicized in the past 50 years, yet more than one in five adults in the United States continue to smoke. A better understanding of the nature of nicotine addiction, of behavioral learning, and of common misconceptions regarding tobacco use treatment, can create new opportunities to impact smoking by offering clinicians novel methods of influence that have otherwise not be available within the traditional cessation approach. Understanding and dealing with the paradox can provide more productive and meaningful ways of improving not only health, but potentially also improving well-being.
The United Nations Development Program: follow-up investment and procurement benefits

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is the major technical assistance fund in the UN family of institutions. By purchasing goods and services, it affects developed and developing states alike. As well as distributing assistance, UNDP attempts to stimulate follow-up investment and procures goods and services from member states. UNDP project expenditures are correlated with public and private follow-up investment, but the relationship is rather weak. On the procurement side, developed states receive subcontracts, equipment orders, and fellowship students in direct relationship to their contributions to UNDP, and developing states attract employment possibilities for their nationals as UNDP experts in direct relationship to their contributions. Developed states receive the largest returns from UNDP procurement. Providing multilateral assistance is UNDP's primary activity, but the purchase of equipment, the generation of investment opportunities, and the employment of experts provide economic incentives for both developing and developed states.
Effectiveness of and adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with mild versus severe renal failure

Patients with renal failure undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience reduced procedural success rates and increased in-hospital and long-term follow-up major adverse cardiac events. This study was designed to determine whether the severity of preprocedural renal failure influences the outcomes of patients with renal failure undergoing PCI. We compared the immediate and long-term outcomes of 192 patients with mild renal failure (creatinine 1.6 to 2.0 mg/dl, mean 1.76) with those of 131 patients with severe renal failure (creatinine >2.0 mg/dl, mean 2.90), selected from 3,334 consecutive patients undergoing PCI between 1994 and 1997. Although the overall population with renal failure represents a high-risk group, the severe renal failure cohort had a higher incidence of hypertension, multivessel disease, prior coronary bypass surgery, vascular disease, and congestive heart failure (all p values <0.05), yet had similar angiographic characteristics. Procedural success was higher in the group with severe renal failure (93.7% vs 87.7%, p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital mortality (11.5% vs 9.9%, p = 0.7), Q-wave myocardial infarction (0.5% vs 0%, p = 0.4), emergent bypass surgery (0% vs 0%, p = 1.0), and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (11.5% vs 9.9%, p = 0.7) between the mild and severe renal groups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no statistically significant difference in long-term survival (log rank test, p = 0.1) or event-free survival (log rank test, p = 0.3) between the 2 groups. Finally, creatinine was not identified as an independent predictor of in-hospital or long-term follow-up major adverse cardiac events. In our high-risk population, patients with mild renal insufficiency undergoing PCI experience major adverse outcomes in the hospital and at long-term follow-up similar to those of patients with severe renal failure.
Modular peptide growth factors for substrate-mediated stem cell differentiation.

Natural proteins are often multifunctional, and therefore capable of activating cell surface receptors, and also binding with high affinity and specificity to natural extracellular matrices (ECMs). To achieve these diverse functions, a strategy commonly employed by nature involves creating modular proteins, in which distinct domains within a single protein are designed to enable either cell signaling or ECM binding. For example, modular proteins such as osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) contain a domain that binds to hydroxyapatite (HA) - the major biomineral component in the ECM of bony tissues - and a distinct domain that interacts with integrin receptors to mediate cell adhesion.[1] Therefore, these proteins are capable of influencing cell behavior in particular locations within an organism by virtue of their non-covalent linkage to a specific ECM material.
HERBIG-HARO FLOWS: Probes of Early Stellar Evolution

▪ Abstract Outflow activity is associated with all stages of early stellar evolution, from deeply embedded protostellar objects to visible young stars. Herbig-Haro (HH) objects are the optical manifestations of this powerful mass loss. Analysis of HH flows, and in particular of the subset of highly collimated HH jets, provides indirect but important insights into the nature of the accretion and mass-loss processes that govern the formation of stars. The recent recognition that HH flows may attain parsec-scale dimensions opens up the possibility of partially reconstructing the mass-ejection history of the newly born driving sources and, therefore, their mass-accretion history. Furthermore, HH flows are astrophysical laboratories for the analysis of shock structures, of hydrodynamics in collimated flows, and of their interaction with the surrounding environment. HH flows may be an important source of turbulence in molecular clouds. Recent technological developments have enabled detailed observations of outf...
Development and electrical characterization of lead zirconate titanate thick films on silicon substrates

Fabrication of thick films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) on buffered silicon substrates, and evaluation of its dielectric, ferroelectric, and electromechanical properties constitute the subject matter of this study. It has been demonstrated, for the first time, that crack free thick films of PZT can be fabricated on silicon. Films 12 /spl mu/m-thick obtained by screen printing on a single pass show dielectric permittivity of 200, tangent losses of 0.05, remanent polarization of 2.5 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, and coercive field of 40 kV/cm. The field induced longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient recorded 50 pC/N at appropriate drive and dc bias conditions. The piezoelectric voltage coefficient was calculated to be 36/spl times/10/sup -3/ V-m/N, larger than that of a poled bulk ceramic. These results are promising for the utility of PZT thick films in micromachined acoustic sensor arrays, vibration sensors and other applications.
What Can Be Learned from Classical Inventory Models? A Cross-Industry Exploratory Investigation

Classical inventory models offer a variety of insights into the optimal way to manage inventories of individual products. However, top managers and industry analysts are often concerned with the aggregate macroscopic view of a firm's inventory rather than with the inventories of individual products. Given that classical inventory models often do not account for many practical considerations that a company's management faces (e.g., competition, industry dynamics, business cycles, the financial state of the company and of the economy, etc.) and that they are derived at the product level and not the firm level, can insights from these models be used to explain the inventory dynamics of entire companies? This exploratory study aims to address this issue using empirical data. We analyze absolute and relative inventories using a quarterly data panel that contains 722 public U.S. companies for the period 1992--2002. We have chosen companies that are not widely diversified and whose business in large part relies on inventory management to concentrate on empirically testing hypotheses derived from a variety of classical inventory models (economic order quantity (EOQ), [Q, r], newsvendor, periodic review, etc.). We find empirical evidence that firms operating with more uncertain demand, longer lead times, and higher gross margins have larger inventories. Furthermore, larger companies appear to benefit from economies of scale and therefore have relatively less inventory than smaller companies. We obtain mixed evidence on the relationship between inventory levels and inventory holding costs. We also analyze the breakdown of data into eight segments---oil and gas, electronics, wholesale, retail, machinery, hardware, food, and chemicals---and find that, with a few notable exceptions, our hypotheses are supported within the segments as well. Overall, our results demonstrate that many of the predictions from classical inventory models extend beyond individual products to the aggregate firm level; hence, these models can help with high-level strategic choices in addition to tactical decisions.
UAV Flight Simulation: Credibility of Linear Decoupled vs. Nonlinear Coupled Equations of Motion

The dynamical modeling of an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) forms the heart of its simulation. The equations of motion can take five different forms: 1) nonlinear fully coupled, 2) nonlinear semi-coupled, 3) nonlinear decoupled, 4) linear coupled, and 5) linear decoupled. In the fully coupled equations of motion, two new coupling stability derivatives ( ! D C , ! L C ) are incorporated. The main purpose of this paper is to compare each version of the equations of motion, and to demonstrate positive and negative features of each form. This paper also compares the five different dynamical models using eight distinct UAV missions. It analyzes them from three different aspects, and gives recommendations for which model is best for a specified mission. MATLAB/Simulink is used to implementation the simulation. The final results are compared by analyzing the resulting trajectories and control deflections.
Correlations of small cumuli droplet and drizzle drop concentrations with cloud condensation nuclei concentrations

[1] Aircraft field measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud microphysics in maritime air masses showed ubiquitous influence of CCN. Flight averages of CCN concentrations and cloud droplet and drizzle drop concentrations were examined for as many as 17 flights during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) project. CCN concentrations at only one supersaturation (S) of 1% measured at 100-m altitude were compared with cloud droplet and drizzle drop concentrations at six altitude bands between 600 and 3000 m. High positive correlations (R) between these CCN concentrations and the small size threshold of the cumulative cloud droplet concentrations (i.e., total activated cloud droplets) were found at all altitudes. These high R values also persisted for cloud parcels with a wide span of liquid water contents (LWCs), most of which were far below adiabatic (unmixed) values. For all but the lowest LWC parcels, R was essentially constant. There was an even more consistent negative R between CCN and large cloud droplet and drizzle drop concentrations. There was a sharp transition from positive to negative R over a small size range. The size at which this R transition occurred increased with altitude and LWC as overall droplet sizes increased with altitude or LWC. Entrainment seemed to show an opposite effect on R, but this was only apparent at the highest altitudes where entrainment was greatest and only for the smallest droplet sizes. These results indicate that the effect of CCN concentrations on cloud microphysics was pervasive with altitude, LWC, cloud droplet, and drizzle drop concentrations. This indicates greater impact of the indirect aerosol effect (IAE) in both of its manifestations, first IAE cloud radiation and second IAE precipitation.
Accurate modeling and fault simulation of Byzantine resistive bridges

Many recent studies show that a resistive bridging fault may cause intermediate voltages at the bridging fault site. Since the gates in the fanout of the fault site may have distinct and multiple logic threshold voltages, namely VIL and VIH, these gates may interpret the intermediate voltage as logic '1', logic '0', or logically indeterminate. Such fault behavior is described as the bridging fault Byzantine general problem (T. Nanya et al., Nov. 1989). None of the existing models of bridging faults used by bridging fault simulators accurately captures the indeterminate logic behavior of such bridges. We present a resistive bridging fault model that accurately yet efficiently captures indeterminate logic values. We also describe an efficient PPSFP bridging fault simulator and show that all previous approaches seriously overestimate bridging fault coverage.
Optimal Repetitive Control with Preview for Active Vibration Control

In this paper a new repetitive control scheme is presented for active vibration control of linear systems subject to periodic disturbances. The motion of the structure is controlled by momentum exchange with essentially collocated masses. Due to inherent structural limitations, performance trade-offs have to be made and perfect regulation cannot be achieved even when the disturbance is known. By combining ideas from optimal preview control, simultaneous state and input estimation, and repetitive control, a methodology is developed that allows for minimization of system vibration as defined by a quadratic performance index. The system disturbance is estimated based on the information from the most recent period and, assuming the disturbance to be repetitive, this estimate is used to compute a preview input for the consecutive cycle. Since the optimal preview control law requires a full state feedback and feedforward of a variable dependent on future inputs, an observer is required. A design procedure for a simultaneous state and disturbance observer is therefore developed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a full order observer are formulated using straightforward matrix calculus. In principle, the system can achieve optimal performance after one cycle of operation. The proposed approach is illustrated on an example of a 2-DOF model representing a machine with an active vibration absorber.
Structural analysis of fish versus mammalian hemoglobins: Effect of the heme pocket environment on autooxidation and hemin loss.

The underlying stereochemical mechanisms for the dramatic differences in autooxidation and hemin loss rates of fish versus mammalian hemoglobins (Hb) have been examined by determining the crystal structures of perch, trout IV, and bovine Hb at high and low pH. The fish Hbs autooxidize and release hemin {approx}50- to 100-fold more rapidly than bovine Hb. Five specific amino acid replacements in the CD corner and along the E helix appear to cause the increased susceptibility of fish Hbs to oxidative degradation compared with mammalian Hbs. Ile is present at the E11 helical position in most fish Hb chains whereas a smaller Val residue is present in all mammalian {alpha} and {beta} chains. The larger IleE11 side chain sterically hinders bound O{sub 2} and facilitates dissociation of the neutral superoxide radical, enhancing autooxidation. Lys(E10) is found in most mammalian Hb and forms favorable electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions with the heme-7-propionate. In contrast, Thr(E10) is present in most fish Hbs and is too short to stabilize bound heme, and causes increased rates of hemin dissociation. Especially high rates of hemin loss in perch Hb are also due to a lack of electrostatic interaction between His(CE3) and the heme-6 propionate in {alpha}more » subunits whereas this interaction does occur in trout IV and bovine Hb. There is also a larger gap for solvent entry into the heme crevice near {beta} CD3 in the perch Hb ({approx}8 {angstrom}) compared with trout IV Hb ({approx}6 {angstrom}) which in turn is significantly higher than that in bovine Hb ({approx}4 {angstrom}) at low pH. The amino acids at CD4 and E14 differ between bovine and the fish Hbs and have the potential to modulate oxidative degradation by altering the orientation of the distal histidine and the stability of the E-helix. Generally rapid rates of lipid oxidation in fish muscle can be partly attributed to the fact that fish Hbs are highly susceptible to oxidative degradation.« less
GLUCOCORTICOID BLOCKADE REVERSES PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS-INDUCED ABNORMALITIES IN EPIDERMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Many cutaneous disorders are adversely affected by psychological stress (PS), but the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that PS decreases epidermal proliferation and differentiation, impairs permeability barrier homeostasis, and decreases stratum corneum integrity. PS also increases the production of endogenous glucocorticoids (GC), and both systemic and topical GC cause adverse effects on epidermal structure and function similar to those observed with PS. We therefore hypothesized that increased endogenous GC in PS mediates its adverse cutaneous effects. To test this hypothesis, we used two independent approaches, administering either RU-486, a GC receptor antagonist that inhibits GC action, or antalarmin, a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor antagonist that prevents increased GC production in the face of PS. Inhibition of either GC action or production prevents the PS-induced decline in epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation, impairment in permeability barrier homeostasis, and decrease in stratum corneum (SC) integrity. Moreover, the pathophysiological basis for the abnormality in permeability barrier homeostasis; i.e., decreased lamellar body production and secretion, is restored toward normal by inhibition of GC action. Similarly, the mechanistic basis for the decrease in SC integrity, i.e., a reduction in corneodesmosomes, is also normalized by inhibition of GC action. Thus many of the adverse effects of PS on epidermal structure and function can be attributed to increased endogenous GC and conversely, approaches that either reduce GC production or action might benefit cutaneous disorders that are provoked or exacerbated by PS.
Challenges in integrated CMOS transceivers for short distance wireless

This paper presents recent trends in the area of integrated CMOS transceiver design for short distance wireless applications. This application is characterized by very low-cost and low-power solutions. Current challenges and recent trends are described and digital-oriented design opportunities for increasing integration outlined, Signal processing approaches applied to the front-end electronics find an increasing emphasis and are extremely viable.
Editorial: Approaching Technology in English Education from a Different Perspective

Perhaps my “ah hah” moment came about when I entered university...I taught myself how to use a computer, learning on Macs in the computer labs. My roommate had a fairly old IBM computer; we shared it for our paper writing, along with a dot-matrix printer. I learned how to use an electronic library system, with online card catalogs, e-journals, and world-wide access to information. I was amazed that I could gather resources for a paper without cracking a book; I was delighted that I could expand my address book to communicate with people via email outside the university system.
Structural and mechanistic properties of E. coli adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.

Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase catalyzes one of the first committed steps in polyamine biosynthesis. It is a member of a small class of decarboxylases that use a pyruvoyl prosthetic group rather than the more common pyridoxal cofactor. We have recently shown that AdoMet decarboxylase from E. coli is composed of stoichiometric amounts of two types of subunits; α (Mr= 19,000), and β (Mr= 14,000). The NH2-terminal of the α subunit is blocked by the pyruvoyl group and can be sequenced only after reductive amination, which converts this to an alanine residue. The β subunit, on the other hand, has an unblocked NH2-terminal and sequences normally. The molecular weight of the holoenzyme, estimated by gel filtration, is 136,000 suggesting that the enzyme is an α4β4 octamer.
Verbal Behavior: What is the Function of Structure?

How can structural phenomena in verbal behavior be subsumed by a functional account? There are functional segments of behavior longer than the fundamental verbal operants identified by Skinner, segments that “hang together” but are seldom repeated. Verbal behavior conditions the behavior of the listener with respect to an object, condition, or state of affairs, and an utterance is functionally complete when it has done so. Using the effect on the listener as a defining criterion, a behavioral analysis identifies units of analysis that embrace the functional properties of the everyday concept of the sentence, but such units are more flexible and sensitive to context. They can be understood, in part, as autoclitic frames and the variable terms that are interwoven with such frames. Some speculations are offered on how autoclitic frames are acquired and how they are interwoven with other verbal operants.
A novel role for follistatin in hypersensitivity following cystitis.

Aims Previous studies have shown that the activin-binding protein follistatin reduces inflammation in several mouse models of colitis. To determine whether follistatin also has a beneficial effect following bladder inflammation, we induced cystitis in mice using cyclophosphamide (CYP) and examined the relationship between bladder hypersensitivity and bladder follistatin expression. Methods Adult female C57BL/6 mice were treated with CYP (100 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) three times over 5 days. Bladder hypersensitivity was assessed by recording the visceromotor response (VMR) to urinary bladder distension and in vitro single-fiber bladder afferent recording. Follistatin gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was employed for further characterization. Results Bladder hypersensitivity was established by day 6 and persisted to day 14 in CYP-treated mice. On day 14, hypersensitivity was accompanied by increases in follistatin gene expression in the bladder. Follistatin-like immunoreactivity colocalized with laminin, and the percentage of structures in the lamina propria that were follistatin-positive was increased in CYP-treated mice. Exogenous follistatin increased VMR and afferent responses to bladder distension in CYP- but not vehicle-treated mice. Conclusions Chronic bladder pain following CYP treatment is associated with increased follistatin expression in the bladder. These results suggest a novel, pro-nociceptive role for follistatin in cystitis, in contrast with its proposed therapeutic role in colitis. This protein has exciting potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder hypersensitivity. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Bear Trap: Russia and the West after the Crisis in Georgia

On the night of 7–8 August 2008, the Georgian army launched a full-scale assault to “restore constitutional order” to Georgia’s rebellious northern province of South Ossetia. Nearly a year has passed since these tragic events, yet there is still widespread disagreement over what happened, why it happened, and what lessons ought to be derived from the conflict. For President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia, the Russian intervention was the pre-planned “cold-blooded murder of a small, free independent country by a ruthless big neighbor.” For President Dmitry Medvedev of Russia, Georgia’s initial assault was a pre-planned act of genocide by Tbilisi against the people of South Ossetia. This conflict has cast a long shadow over Russia’s relations with the West, and before those relations can be reset, August’s war must be given some historical context, and popular explanations of why it erupted at that specific time must be examined.
Unintended Consequences: Narrowing SJT Usage and Losing Credibility With Applicants

Lievens and Motowidlo (2016) present a convincing case for why situational judgment tests (SJTs) should be developed specifically to measure general domain knowledge, but I have two concerns regarding the use of SJTs in psychological research and practical settings if the reconceptualization of SJTs offered by the authors is adopted to the exclusion of other current approaches. The first concerns abandoning SJTs as a helpful job analysis tool if we encourage intentional conflation of trait expression with job effectiveness in the development of SJT items. Second, diluting the situational component of SJTs may reduce their acceptance as selection tools by job applicants and practitioners in organizations.
Space Analogs of Function-Theoretic Results

(1940). Space Analogs of Function-Theoretic Results. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 199-212.
Analysis on Immune Effect of Influenza Vaccination Among Community Residents in Longgang District,Shenzhen

Objective To analyze the level of antibodies to influenza virus in the residents of Longgang District,Shenzhen,to evaluate the immune effect of influenza vaccine,and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control measures.Methods With serological and epidemiological methods,the levels of antibodies to influenza virus in the residents were tested before and 1 month after influenza vaccination.Results One-month after the vaccination,the HI antibodies against H1N1,H3N2,and B(Brisbane) were increased in varying degrees.The positive rates and the GMTs of H1N1,H3N2,and B(Brisbane) were 86.7% and 1:53.13,84.0% and 1:51.10,90.7% and 1:78.91,respectively.Conclusions The immune effect of trivalent influenza vaccine is good in the community residents after one-month vaccination,and hence,it is necessary to strengthen influenza vaccination before the influenza epidemic in the community residents.
Natural history of hypertension in adolescence.

Evaluating the blood pressure level and its meaning in physiological terms is the most critical task and is the prelude for all other decisions. Analysis of the individual adolescent’s blood pressure is most readily accomplished against the background of his own blood pressure during growth and development and against the background of his family profile.
A mixed methods approach for measuring the impact of delivery-centric interventions on clinician workflow.

Health interventions vary widely. Pharmaceuticals, medical devices and wellness promotion are defined as ‘outcome-centric.’ They are implemented by clinicians for the use and benefit of consumers, and intervention effectiveness is measured by a change in health outcome. Electronic health records, computerized physician order entry systems and telehealth technologies are defined as ‘delivery-centric.’ They are implemented by organizations for use by clinicians to manage and facilitate consumer health, and the impact of these interventions on clinician workflow has become increasingly important. The methodological framework introduced in this paper uses a two-phase sequential mixed methods design that qualitatively explores clinician workflow before and after implementation of a delivery-centric intervention, and uses this information to quantitatively measure changes to workflow activities. The mixed methods protocol provides a standardized approach for understanding and determining the impact of delivery-centric interventions on clinician workflow.
Global Monitoring of Inland Water Dynamics: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Opportunities

Inland water is an important natural resource that is critical for sustaining marine and terrestrial ecosystems as well as supporting a variety of human needs. Monitoring the dynamics of inland water bodies at a global scale is important for: (a) devising effective water management strategies, (b) assessing the impact of human actions on water security, (c) understanding the interplay between the spatio-temporal dynamics of surface water and climate change, and (d) near-real time mitigation and management of disaster events such as floods. Remote sensing datasets provide opportunities for global-scale monitoring of the extent or surface area of inland water bodies over time. We present a survey of existing remote sensing based approaches for monitoring the extent of inland water bodies and discuss their strengths and limitations. We further present an outline of the major challenges that need to be addressed for monitoring the extent and dynamics of water bodies at a global scale. Potential opportunities for overcoming some of these challenges are discussed using illustrative examples, laying the foundations for promising directions of future research in global monitoring of water dynamics.
Dynamic Modeling of Fine Coal Separations in a Hindered-bed Classifier

Abstract Hindered-bed classifiers have recently received significant attention for the potential of achieving effective density-based separations. Although the fundamental principles of hindered-bed classifiers are relatively simple, the complex interactions between the operating parameters provide a degree of difficulty that hinders the ability for on-line plant optimization. Thus, a dynamic population balance model was developed to evaluate and optimize the separation performance achievable on the basis of density by a hindered-bed classifier for the cleaning of fine coal. The steady-state results of the model include partition curves as a function of particle size and density as well as metallurgical data. A statistical comparison of the simulation results with those obtained from industrial units reveal a high level of accuracy with adjusted R2 values greater than 0.95. Simulation results indicate the potential for efficient density-based separations over a particle size range of 3:1.
Abstract 1498: Feasibility of 2-hydroxyglutarate 1H-MR spectroscopy for routine clinical glioma imaging

The metabolic genes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 are mutated in 70-80% of WHO grade II and III glioma. The mutant IDH enzyme gains a new function producing D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). 2-HG is a small molecule that accumulates in IDH mutant gliomas as high as 5 to 35 mM and is considered the principal effector of IDH mutation in cancers. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an approved method in brain tumors to identify and quantify metabolites within brain lesions by using signals emitted by proton nuclei (1H). The 2-HG molecule has five nonexchangeable scalar-coupled protons that give rise to multiplet resonances in MR spectra. First attempts to measure 2-HG in IDH mutant glioma have been promising but were limited to scanners dedicated to research MRIs, long scanning times, and large tumors. The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of performing 2HG-MRS as part of standard glioma imaging. We developed single and multivoxel spectroscopy techniques using unique alterations of pulse sequence parameters and software routines on clinical 3Tesla MRI scanners. We added those sequences to our clinical MRI protocol. All metabolites, including 2-HG, were estimated by linear combination of model (LC Model). 107 consecutive glioma patients were evaluated, including 48 (45%) WHO grade II glioma, 40 (37%) grade III glioma and 19(18%) grade IV glioma. 80/107 (75%) patients had IDH mutant gliomas. At the time of MRS, 42(39%) patients were on active treatment with radiation or chemotherapy, 19(18%) had received such treatment in the past, and 46(43%) had never received radiation or chemotherapy. MRI tumor volume was 2-HG MRS in the clinical setting is feasible. Specificity was 100%. Sensitivity appears, at least in part, dependent on tumor volume with higher sensitivity in larger tumors. In patients with a detectable 2-HG peak, 2HG-MRS represents a promising non-invasive biomarker to monitor tumor growth and treatment response. Final results for the entire cohort will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Macarena I. de la Fuente, Robert Young, Jennifer Rubel, Jamie Tisnado, Samuel Briggs, Andrei I. Holodny, Joseph Deasy, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Justin Cross, Ingo K. Mellinghoff, Sunitha Thakur. Feasibility of 2-hydroxyglutarate 1H-MR spectroscopy for routine clinical glioma imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1498. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1498
A combinatorial search perspective on diverse solution generation

Finding diverse solutions has become important in many combinatorial search domains, including Automated Planning, Path Planning and Constraint Programming. Much of the work in these directions has however focussed on coming up with appropriate diversity metrics and compiling those metrics in to the solvers/planners. Most approaches use linear-time greedy algorithms for exploring the state space of solution combinations for generating a diverse set of solutions, limiting not only their completeness but also their effectiveness within a time bound. In this paper, we take a combinatorial search perspective on generating diverse solutions. We present a generic bi-level optimization framework for finding cost-sensitive diverse solutions. We propose complete methods under this framework, which guarantee finding a set of cost sensitive diverse solutions satisficing the given criteria whenever there exists such a set. We identify various aspects that affect the performance of these exhaustive algorithms and propose techniques to improve them. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed framework compared to an existing greedy approach.
Cancer Risk Information Sharing: The Experience of Individuals Receiving Genetic Counseling for BRCA1/2 Mutations

Genetic counseling and testing for familial cancer is a unique context for the communication of risk information in the family. This study utilized a theoretical framework based on the family systems perspective to understand intrafamilial cancer risk communication patterns in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Individuals (n = 120) at an elevated risk for BRCA1/2 mutations were included. Change in communication patterns over time was assessed using McNemar tests. Associations with communication patterns were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Overall, the proportion of participants encouraged by others significantly (p < .001) increased from before to after genetic counseling. A higher proportion of participants were encouraged by female family members compared with male family members. Participants who were older, had no personal history of cancer, and had a higher cancer risk perception were more likely to be encouraged by others for genetic testing. Participant’s intent to encourage family...
Provider ambivalence about using forensic medical evaluation to respond to child abuse: A content and discourse analysis ☆

Forensic medical evaluation rates for child abuse victims in Texas are low relative to national rates. In exploring reasons, researchers collected quantitative and qualitative interview and focus group data from multidisciplinary child abuse response team members across the state. This paper presents results of a secondary analysis of (N=19) health care providers' interview and focus group transcripts, looking specifically at experiences with conducting forensic evaluations - thoughts, struggles, and ethical issues. The analysis was conducted from a critical realist perspective using content and discourse analysis. A theme of ambivalence was identified and explored. Three discursive themes were identified: ambivalence about the legal role, the health care role, and about unintended outcomes of evaluations. Extra-discursive elements related to the physical body, resource distribution, and funding policy were examined for their interaction with discursive patterns. Implications of findings include addressing issues in the current approach to responding to child abuse (e.g., uniting around common definitions of abuse; refining parameters for when FME is helpful; shoring up material resources for the abuse response infrastructure) and considering modification of providers' roles and activities relative to forensic work (e.g., deploying providers for prevention activities versus reactive activities).
Gender: A Useful Category of Analysis for the History of Nursing

This chapter explores the evolving implications of nursing as a gendered profession rooted in conventional and normative ideologies about womanhood and women’s work, and how gender secured and impeded its professional standing. As an analytic category, gender wielded social and political power and purpose for women nurses seeking individual authority, knowledge, and economic independence within their families and communities. Yet, gender norms also positioned nursing in opposition to patriarchal medical institutions, and excluded Black women and men from entering the profession or segregated them in training and employment. Using two case studies, the nurse practitioner movement and the Mercy-Douglass Nurse Training School, we will show why an examination of nursing history must extend beyond a gender analysis and take into consideration intersectionality along racial, gender, and class lines. The advent of workforce shortages, shifting social ideas about race and gender, and conflicts with the masculine medical profession produced a reshaping of nursing’s identity as a white middle class woman’s profession.
Brasil En América Del Sur: La Lógica De La Unipolaridad Regional (Brazil in South America: The Logic of Regional Unipolarity)

Spanish Abstract: En el siglo xxi, Brasil ha pasado de la indiferencia al estrellato, y de ahi a la desilusion, pero los ciclos de euforia y desencanto han ocultado lo esencial: el pais no ha crecido significativamente frente al mundo, aunque si lo ha hecho frente a America del Sur. Por eso resulta importante analizar el ascenso del gigante sudamericano como el paso de una historica bipolaridad argentino-brasilena a su actual primacia. Con el foco en este proceso, este articulo desentrana la logica por detras de la relacion de Brasil con sus vecinos durante tres decadas de unipolaridad regional. English Abstract: In the 21st Century Brazil has tasted both indifference and success, and decline all the way from there to disappointment. Those cycles of euphoria and disillusionment have overshadowed an essential trend in this period: While the country has not grown significantly vis-a-vis the world, it has done so importantly when compared with the rest of South America. For this reason, it is important to analyze the rise of the South American giant as the transit from a historic bipolarity between Argentina and Brazil to its current primacy. Focusing on this process, this article unveils the logic behind the relation between Brasilia and its neighbors in three decades of regional unipolarity.
The Force Vector Assembler Concept

A factory for making discrete parts and assembling them into products has four principle elements: 1) material processing systems, 2) internal transportation systems, 3) assembly systems, 4) inspection systems. People play a major role in each of these systems, either supervising or actually performing the necessary functions.
The A12.2 Subunit Is an Intrinsic Destabilizer of the RNA Polymerase I Elongation Complex

Despite sharing a highly conserved core architecture with their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic multisubunit RNA polymerases (Pols) have undergone structural divergence and biological specialization. Interesting examples of structural divergence are the A12.2 and C11 subunits of Pols I and III, respectively. Whereas all known cellular Pols possess cognate protein factors that stimulate cleavage of the nascent RNA, Pols I and III have incorporated their cleavage factors as bona fide subunits. Although it is not yet clear why these polymerases have incorporated their cleavage factors as subunits, a picture is emerging that identifies roles for these subunits beyond providing nucleolytic activity. Specifically, it appears that both A12.2 and C11 are required for efficient termination of transcription by Pols I and III. Given that termination involves destabilization of the elongation complex (EC), we tested whether A12.2 influences stability of the Pol I EC. Using, to our knowledge, a novel assay to measure EC dissociation kinetics, we have determined that A12.2 is an intrinsic destabilizer of the Pol I EC. In addition, the salt concentration dependence of Pol I EC dissociation kinetics suggests that A12.2 alters electrostatic interactions within the EC. Importantly, these data present a mechanistic basis for the requirement of A12.2 in Pol I termination. Combined with recent work demonstrating the direct involvement of A12.2 in Pol I nucleotide incorporation, this study further supports the concept that A12.2 cannot be viewed solely as a cleavage factor.
Mentorship for Clinical Success

Clinical success requires intentional focus and support. New faculty members must clearly define the expectations and resources and have clear objectives. The qualities of availability, affability, and ability in addition to mentorship should be core qualities to develop and maintain success in the clinical arena.
Infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair with large device (34- to 36-mm) diameters is associated with higher risk of proximal fixation failure.

Abstract Objective Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become the standard of care for infrarenal aneurysms. Endografts are commercially available in proximal diameters up to 36 mm, allowing proximal seal in necks up to 32 mm. We sought to further investigate clinical outcomes after standard EVAR in patients requiring large main body devices. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database for all patients undergoing elective EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms at a single institution from 2000 to 2016. Only endografts with the option of a 34- to 36-mm proximal diameter were included. Requisite patient demographics, anatomic and device-related variables, and relevant clinical outcomes and imaging were reviewed. The primary outcome in this study was proximal fixation failure, which was a composite of type IA endoleak and stent graft migration >10 mm after EVAR. Outcomes were stratified by device diameter for the large-diameter device cohort (34-36 mm) and the normal-diameter device cohort ( Results There were 500 patients treated with EVAR who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 108 (21.6%) patients received large-diameter devices. There was no difference between the large-diameter cohort and the normal-diameter cohort in terms of 30-day (0.9% vs 0.95%; P = .960) or 1-year mortality (9.0% vs 6.2%; P = .920). Proximal fixation failure occurred in 24 of 392 (6.1%) patients in the normal-diameter cohort and 26 of 108 (24%) patients in the large-diameter cohort (P 10 mm) occurred in 15 (3.8%) in the normal-diameter cohort and 16 (14.8%) in the large-diameter cohort (P Conclusions Standard EVAR in patients with large infrarenal necks ≥29 mm requiring a 34- to 36-mm-diameter endograft is independently associated with an increased rate of proximal fixation failure. This group of patients should be considered for more proximal seal strategies with fenestrated or branched devices vs open repair. Also, this group likely needs more stringent radiographic follow-up.
Septic arthritis of the hand and wrist

Septic arthritis of the hand and wrist is relatively uncommon. The most common cause is penetrating trauma such as a human or animal bite. The most common causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Septic arthritis caused by Streptococcal species. Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pasteurella multocida, Eikenella corrodens, and Mycobacterium marinum also may occur in specific clinical settings. The best clinical results occur following an accurate diagnosis, prompt surgical drainage, and debridement in concert with appropriate antibiotics and early postoperative range of motion. A delay in diagnosis or treatment is associated with an unsatisfactory outcome.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY ON A GLUTEN-FREE DIET IN A WOMAN WITH SEVEN MISCARRIAGES AND NONCELIAC GLUTEN SENSITIVITY

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a case in which a gluten-free diet led to a successful full-term delivery in a woman with recurrent miscarriages and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Methods: Reduced incidences of spontaneous abortions have been reported in patients with celiac disease who adhere to a gluten-free diet, but little is known about improvement in reproductive issues in women with NCGS. We present a case of a woman with multiple miscarriages who improved on a gluten-free diet. Results: A 33-year-old woman presented with history of hypothyroidism and recurrent first-trimester fetal loss. On exam, body mass index was 24.9 kg/m2, and she did not appear cushingoid. She was on levothyroxine, and thyroid function tests were within normal limits. Thyroid peroxidase antibody and anti-phospholipid antibody were negative. Although she denied gastrointestinal symptoms, undiagnosed celiac disease was considered, as she had family members with celiac disease. Anti-gliadin immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody w...