cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Denitrification rates and availability of organic matter in marine environments

Abstract Relationships between denitrification rates and availability of organic matter in three types of marine environments —water column, water-sediment interface and sediments—were delineated. Correlation between supply and demand of organic matter for denitrification in the first two types of environments suggests that denitrification is mainly supported by organic matter provided as macroparticles from the euphotic zone. Decomposition of organic matter during denitrification in the water column of certain high productivity areas is at a minimum 1/4 to 1/2 as effective as the respiratory processes which use dissolved oxygen. Fifty percent or more of organic macroparticles deposited on the sea floor can be consumed by denitrification at the sediment-water interface. In hemipelagic sediments, the first-order denitrification rate constant, which appears to be sensitively dependent on organic carbon content, can be roughly expressed as k d = 0.60C 2.1 where k d is rate constant in yr −1 and C is the percentage of organic carbon. The total turnover of nitrogen by denitrification is here estimated to be 42–69 Tg N yr −1 , for the global oceans, which can be divided into three separate categories: 27–44 Tg N yr −1 in the oxygen-deficient water column; 3–13 Tg N yr −1 for the water-sediment interface and approximately 12 Tg N yr −1 for the sediment column.
COLOR STABILITY OF MAPLE SIRUP IN VARIOUS RETAIL CONTAINERS

Reduced quality and availability of traditional tinned retail containers for pure maple sirup has prompted the appearance of plastic containers for this product. Tests which four sirups were stored 6 months in glass, metal and two types plastic containers at three temperatures showed that the sirups in both plastics darkened significantly more than in the other containers during the storage, and a significant interaction between temperature and container was shown. The possibility of a sirup falling to the next lower USDA grade during storage is pointed out.
Natural History of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a serious degenerative spinal condition that can lead to significant functional disability or paralysis. In cases of progressive neurological deficit from CSM, the recommended treatment is surgical decompression, sometimes including stabilization. The potential role of surgery or other treatments in milder cases of CSM depends upon many factors, including the natural history of the untreated condition. This chapter will examine the available data on the natural history of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, as well as its pathophysiology. Such knowledge will enable the clinician and surgeon to better guide the patient in deciding most appropriate choice of treatment options.
Two graphical displays for the detection of potentially influential subsets in regression

In the context of the general linear model Y=Xβ+e, the matrix Pz =Z(ZTZ)−1 ZT , where Z=(X: Y), plays an important role in determining least squares results. In this article we propose two graphical displays for the off-diagonal as well as the diagonal elements of PZ . The two graphs are based on simple ideas and are useful in the detection of potentially influential subsets of observations in regression. Since PZ is invariant with respect to permutations of the columns of Z, an added advantage of these graphs is that they can be used to detect outliers in multivariate data where the rows of Z are usually regarded as a random sample from a multivariate population. We also suggest two calibration points, one for the diagonal elements of PZ and the other for the off-diagonal elements. The advantage of these calibration points is that they take into consideration the variability of the off-diagonal as well as the diagonal elements of PZ . They also do not suffer from masking.
Efficient high surface area vertically aligned metal oxide nanostructures for dye-sensitized photoanodes by pulsed laser deposition

Vertically aligned bundles of TiO 2 nanocrystals were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and tested as a photoanode material in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) experiments. An optimal background pressure of oxygen during deposition was discovered to produce a photoanode structure that simultaneously achieves high surface area and improves charge transport for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. UV-Vis studies show that there is a 1.4x enhancement of surface area for PLD-TiO 2 photoanodes compared to the best sol-gel films. PLD-TiO 2 DSSC IPCE values are comparable to 3x thicker sol-gel films and nearly 92% APCE values have been observed for optimized structures.
Streamlining a conversion project with a staff PC workstation and shelf list sampling

Several novel methods used at the University of Illinois at Urbana/Chaypaign to enable more efficient retrospective conversion projects are explored in this paper. First, a staff PC workstation interface was developed to facilitate processing of shelf list information, both for the local online catalog and for OCLC cataloging. Second, shelf list sampling was used to derive cost estimates for the project. Recommendations for future use of these and similar methods are discussed.
Improved Myocardial β-Adrenergic Responsiveness and Signaling With Exercise Training in Hypertension

Background— Cardiac responses to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation are depressed with pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy. We investigated whether exercise training could modify β-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in a model of spontaneous hypertension by modifying the β-adrenergic receptor desensitizing kinase GRK2 and the abundance and phosphorylation of some key Ca2+ cycling proteins. Methods and Results— Female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; age, 4 months) were placed into a treadmill running (SHR-TRD; 20 m/min, 1 h/d, 5 d/wk, 12 weeks) or sedentary group (SHR-SED). Age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were controls. Mean blood pressure was higher in SHR versus WKY (P<0.01) and unaltered with exercise. Left ventricular (LV) diastolic anterior and posterior wall thicknesses were greater in SHR than WKY (P<0.001) and augmented with training (P<0.01). Langendorff LV performance was examined during isoproterenol (ISO) infusions (1×10−10 to 1×10−7 mol/L) and pacing stress (8.5 Hz). The pea...
A stroboscopic stereophenomenon.

Abstract When a target, oscillating with pendulum-like motion in a frontal plane and illuminated by a stroboscope flashing at about 20 c/s, is binocularly viewed with an attenuating filter over one eye, the target appears to move in depth along a shallow horizontal elliptical path. The apparent depth-shift of the target was measured for several interocular luminance differences. The phenomenon cannot be explained in the same way as the well-known Pulfrich phenomenon: the two phenomena are basically different. Instead, the present phenomenon appears to be due to a neural interaction (possibly lateral-inhibitory) between the successively changing binocular inputs.
An ONIOM Study of the Bergman Reaction: A Computationally Efficient and Accurate Method for Modeling the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics

The Bergman cyclization of large polycyclic enediyne systems that mimic the cores of the enediyne anticancer antibiotics was studied using the ONIOM hybrid method. Tests on small enediynes show that ONIOM can accurately match experimental data. The effect of the triggering reaction in the natural products is investigated, and we support the argument that it is strain effects that lower the cyclization barrier. The barrier for the triggered molecule is very low, leading to a reasonable half-life at biological temperatures. No evidence is found that would suggest a concerted cyclization/H-atom abstraction mechanism is necessary for DNA cleavage.
Late-Onset Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Presentation as Nonepileptic Seizures

This is a report of a woman with refractory nonepileptic seizures, anxiety disorder, and rapidly cycling mood changes in whom high levels of excitatory neuroactive steroids due to late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia origin may have played a role in pathogenesis and in whom endocrine treatment was the only efficacious therapeutic modality.
Novel Green Liquor Pretreatment of Loblolly Pine Chips to Facilitate Enzymatic Hydrolysis into Fermentable Sugars for Ethanol Production

Abstract Softwood species generally have been found very recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis of the carbohydrate fractions to monomeric sugars. To solve this problem, loblolly pine chips were pretreated with green liquor at 12–20% Total Titratable Alkali (TTA) (as Na2O on wood) at 170°C for 800 H-factor. The yield of resulting pulp was 76.5–78.6% and the lignin content decreased from 29.2 to 20.2–22.4% and the total polysaccharide decreased from 62.6 to 53.8–55.0%, all based on the weight of original wood. When the pulp was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using 40 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g pulp, only 41% of the polysaccharides in wood were converted to monomeric sugars. This conversion figure is much lower than that of mixed southern hardwoods (80%) treated under similar conditions. If the green liquor treated pulp was further subjected to either oxygen delignification or mechanical refining prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis, the conversion rate increased to around 55% and 60%, respectively. Furthermor...
An unusual CT presentation of congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis in an 8 month-old boy with AIDS.

We report on a 8-month-old boy with AIDS, born of an asymptomatic mother with positive HTLV-III serology. He was hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit because of anemia, fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia and subsequent blood cultures were positive for Candida albicans. After 3 days of Amphotericine B treatment, the patient was transferred to Infectious Disease Department. After 30 days of hospitalization, the patient developed a rapid neurological impairment evolving into coma. CT scan showed a round, ringshaped low density lesion with hypershaped low density lesion with hyper-dense and enhancing haemorragic centre in the left basal ganglia and a smaller hypodense lesion on the right. There was also evidence of cortical atrophy and mild ventricular dilatation. Such lesions are more commonly described in children with AIDS and congenital cytomegalic inclusion virus (CMV) encephalitis. In this case toxoplasma cysts were shown microscopically reinforcing the contention that in patients with AIDS, toxoplasma gondii infection may occur with atypical manifestation.
Responses of neurons in the lamb nucleus tractus solitarius to stimulation of the caudal oral cavity and epiglottis with different stimulus modalities

Receptors located in the posterior oral cavity and on the epiglottis play an important role in the initiation of upper airway reflexes such as swallowing, gagging, coughing and apnea. Peripheral nerves which innervate these receptor areas terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). We have recorded the responses of 61 neurons in the lamb NTS to stimulation of the caudal tongue, palate and epiglottis with mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli and mapped receptive field location. Although there was some overlap in the areas of the NTS from which neurons with oral cavity and epiglottal receptive fields could be recorded, a significant difference was observed in the mean recording sites of the two groups of neurons. Neurons with oral cavity receptive fields were located more rostral, lateral and ventral in the NTS than neurons with receptive fields on the epiglottis. Little convergence of sensory input onto single cells in the NTS was observed between the oral cavity and the epiglottis. Only one NTS neuron had a receptive field in both of these receptor areas. In contrast, a large number of neurons with oral cavity receptive fields received input from two receptor areas. These neurons had a receptive field on the tongue which was located directly beneath the receptive field on the palate. Mechanical stimuli were the most effective for neurons with either oral cavity or epiglottal receptive fields and thermal stimuli were the least effective. Neurons which responded to mechanical stimuli responded better to a moving stimulus than to a punctate one, and large increases in the strength of a punctate stimulus were required to elicit significant increases in response frequency. Most NTS neurons responded to more than one of the stimulus modalities. However, a significant difference in the mean number of stimulus modalities which elicited responses was observed between neurons with oral cavity and epiglottal receptive fields. The number of multimodal neurons with epiglottal receptive fields was higher than those with oral cavity receptive fields. The multimodal nature of neurons which responded to epiglottal or oral cavity stimulation combined with their location in reflexogenic areas of the NTS suggests that these neurons could be important in the integration of afferent input from the oral cavity and upper airway. If these NTS neurons are involved in the control of oral and upper airway reflexes it would be important for them to respond to as many of the stimulus cues as possible and the majority of these neurons do just that.
Extracellular alkaline phosphatase in the airways of the rabbit lung

In an attempt to characterize the soluble alkaline phosphatase in rabbit lung, we have compared its activity to that of intestine, liver, bone, kidney, spleen and serum. The pulmonary alkaline phosphatase consists of isoenzymes with isoelectric points (pI) at pH 5. 0, 5. 5 and 5. 8 which are distinct from the soluble isoenzymes of the other tissues and, by this criterion, appear to be organ specific. The isoenzyme with a pI of 5. 8 has an apparent molecular weight of 185, 000 daltons and is found almost exclusively extracellularly in the airways. The isoenzyme with a pI of 5. 5 (mol. wt. = 185, 000 daltons) is distributed more equally between pulmonary tissue and the airways, and the isoenzyme of pI equal to 5. 0 (mol. wt. = 210, 000 daltons) is located entirely within the lung tissue. The isoenzymes present in the airways are closely related in spite of their different isoelectric points. In addition to their apparent molecular weights, they have similar apparent Km values and thermostabilities. The difference in isoelectric points is probably due to different sialic acid contents since digestion of the two alkaline phosphatases in the airways with neuraminidase gives rise to a single form with a pI of 7. 6.
Cross-flow vortex structure and transition measurements using multi-element hot films

An experiment on a 45-degree swept wing was conducted to study three-dimensional boundary-layer characteristics using surface-mounted, micro-thin, multi-element hot-film sensors. Cross-flow vortex structure and boundary-layer transition were measured from the simultaneously acquired signals of the hot films. Spanwise variation of the root-mean-square (RMS) hot-film signal show a local minima and maxima. The distance between two minima corresponds to the stationary cross-flow vortex wavelength and agrees with naphthalene flow-visualization results. The chordwise and spanwise variation of amplified traveling (nonstationary) cross-flow disturbance characteristics were measured as Reynolds number was varied. The frequency of the most amplified cross-flow disturbances agrees with linear stability theory.
IMPLICIT DUAL CONTROL BASED ON PARTICLE FILTERING AND FORWARD DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

This paper develops a sampling-based approach to implicit dual control. Implicit dual control methods synthesize stochastic control policies by systematically approximating the stochastic dynamic programming equations of Bellman, in contrast to explicit dual control methods that artificially induce probing into the control law by modifying the cost function to include a term that rewards learning. The proposed implicit dual control approach is novel in that it combines a particle filter with a policy-iteration method for forward dynamic programming. The integration of the two methods provides a complete sampling-based approach to the problem. Implementation of the approach is simplified by making use of a specific architecture denoted as an H-block. Practical suggestions are given for reducing computational loads within the H-block for real-time applications. As an example, the method is applied to the control of a stochastic pendulum model having unknown mass, length, initial position and velocity, and unknown sign of its dc gain. Simulation results indicate that active controllers based on the described method can systematically improve closed-loop performance with respect to other more common stochastic control approaches.
Shape matching based on graph alignment using hidden Markov models

We present a novel framework based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) for matching feature point sets, which capture the shapes of object contours of interest. Point matching algorithms provide effective tools for shape analysis, an important problem in computer vision and image processing applications. Typically, it is computationally expensive to find the optimal correspondence between feature points in different sets, hence existing algorithms often resort to various heuristics that find suboptimal solutions. Unlike most of the previous algorithms, the proposed HMM-based framework allows us to find the optimal correspondence using an efficient dynamic programming algorithm, where the computational complexity of the resulting shape matching algorithm grows only linearly with the size of the respective point sets. We demonstrate the promising potential of the proposed algorithm based on several benchmark data sets.
Analysis of network topologies and fault-tolerant routing algorithms using binary decision diagrams

In the past a plethora of network topologies together with fault-tolerant routing algorithms have been proposed. Some properties have been analyzed analytically or by simulation. In most cases only some properties can be derived. There is renewed interest in the topic for application as networks-on-chip. The availability of higher computing performance and libraries for manipulating binary decision diagrams allows the complete analysis in an automated fashion. The approach is presented in this paper together with some insights on strategies to keep the computational effort reasonable when scaling the network size.
Electrodiagnosis of plexopathy.

Abstract Electrodiagnostic evaluation of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus can be challenging even to an experienced practitioner. Detailed attention to anatomy and correlation with the history and physical examination results are needed to have a comprehensive differential diagnosis and to develop reliable conclusions. Electrophysiologic techniques, when applied appropriately, provide invaluable functional information after a plexus injury. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of a plexus injury should be systematic and comprehensive to provide the maximum precision for localization, extent of involvement, and severity of injury.
Inducible control of gene expression with destabilized Cre

Acute manipulation of gene and protein function in the brain is essential for understanding the mechanisms of nervous system development, plasticity and information processing. Here we describe a technique based on a destabilized Cre recombinase (DD-Cre) whose activity is controlled by the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). We show that DD-Cre triggers rapid TMP-dependent recombination of loxP-flanked ('floxed') alleles in mouse neurons in vivo and validate the use of this system for neurobehavioral research.
Leftmost one computation on meshes with row broadcasting

Abstract Given a matrix of size √ n ×√ n with every entry being a 0 or a 1, the leftmost-one problem asks to determine the position of the leftmost 1, if any, in each row of the matrix. The leftmost-one problem finds applications in image processing, digitized geometry and computer graphics, among others. Recently, an O( n 1 6 ) time solution to the leftmost-one problem on a mesh with row buses has been proposed. However, the computational model assumes that processors have unbounded memory. We show that the problem can be solved in O( n 1 6 ) time on a √ n ×√ n mesh with row broadcasting, even if each processor has only a constant number of registers.
A 70-year-old woman with poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated by carotid stenosis, cerebral vasospasm, and cerebral rebleed

Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is one of the most common entities encountered in neurocritical care units. Knowledge of disease sequelae and their management is paramount for all neurointensivists.
Property Regime or Development Policy? Explaining Growth in the U.S. Pacific Groundfish Fishery

Researchers often blame problems in fisheries on the property regime under which a fishery is practiced. Depending on their perspective, researchers locate the cause of problems in either common property or open access regimes. However, because these approaches rely on the assumption of the “economically rational individual,” they obfuscate the specific cultural, political, and economic practices that shape resource use. Analysis of the U.S. Pacific groundfish fishery shows that growth and subsequent problems in this fishery are the result of a state-led fisheries development program implemented through a series of national, regional, and local policies designed to extend sovereign control to include ocean territory. These policies both created a climate of fisheries development and provided the means by which the fishery could grow. This analysis highlights the need to examine historic and geographic specificity to explain resource use, rather than relying upon generalized models that posit a determinist...
Infant bath seats, drowning and near-drowning.

Objective: To investigate the possible role of infant bathtub seats in drowning and near-drowning episodes in infants. Methods: A review was conducted of the files of the Forensic Science Centre and Child Protection Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, for significant immersion incidents in infants involving bathtub seats from January 1998 to December 2003. Results: A total of six cases of drowning occurred over the 6-year period of the study in children under 2 years of age, including two infants. One of these cases, a 7-month-old boy, had been left unattended for some time in an adult bath in a bathtub seat. He was found drowned, having submerged after slipping down and becoming trapped in the seat. Three near-drowning episodes occurred in children under the age of 2 years, including two boys aged 7 and 8 months, both of whom had been left for some time in adult baths in bath seats. Both were successfully resuscitated and treated in hospital. Conclusions: These cases demonstrate the vulnerability of infants to immersion incidents when left unattended in bathtubs. Bathtubs are particularly dangerous for infants as the slippery and smooth surfaces predispose to loss of balance and make escape from water difficult. Infant bathtub seats may give parents and child carers a false sense of security leading to infants being left unattended. Unfortunately, however, infants may fall out of, or slip and become trapped in, such seats. Infants and young children cannot be left unsupervized in water, and devices used as bathing aids such as bathtub seats may contribute to immersion incidents.
How Harmful Are the Average American's Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

It has sometimes been claimed (usually without evidence) that the harm caused by an individual's participation in a greenhouse-gas-intensive economy is negligible. Using data from several contemporary sources, this paper attempts to estimate the harm done by an average American. This estimate is crude, and further refinements are surely needed. But the upshot is that the average American is responsible, through his/her greenhouse gas emissions, for the suffering and/or deaths of one or two future people.
Magnetic resonance imaging the velocity vector components of fluid flow.

Encoding the Precession phase angle of proton nuclei for Fourier analysis has produced accurate measurement of fluid velocity vector components by MRI. A Pair of identical gradient pulses separated in time by exactly ½ TE, are used to linearly encode the phase of flow velocity vector components without changing the phase of stationary nuclei, Two-dimensional Fourier transformation of signals gave velocity density images of laminar flow in angled tubes which were in agreement with the laws of vector addition. These Velocity profile images provide a quantitative method for the investigation of fluid dynamics and hemodynamics.© 1985 Academic Press,Inc.
Next-generation tele-immersive devices for desktop transoceanic collaboration

Tele-Immersion is the combination of collaborative virtual reality and audio/video teleconferencing. With a new generation of high-speed international networks and high-end virtual reality devices spread around the world, effective trans-oceanic tele-immersive collaboration is now possible. But in order to make these shared virtual environments more convenient workspaces, a new generation of desktop display technology is needed.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluation of cutting fluid effectiveness in machining using electrochemical techniques

Abstract A correlation has been found between the extent of electrosorption of surfactants from cutting fluids at metal surfaces and cutting forces in machining. The extent of adsorption was determined from electrochemical impedance and polarization data. This suggests that the effectiveness of cutting fluids in machining as characterized by cutting forces may be assessed using rapid electrochemical techniques, thereby reducing the need for time consuming and costly machinability tests.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of digital imaging by using CCD and CMOS-APS sensors with E-speed film in the detection of periapical bony lesions.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare E-speed Plus film and digital imaging with a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor and a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor active pixel sensor (CMOS-APS) in the detection of periapical bone lesions. Study design. Periapical lesions were created in the cortical and trabecular bone of 10 dried human mandibles. Seventy radio-graphic images and 140 digital images were evaluated by 6 endodontists and 2 radiologists. Receiver operating characteristics curves and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results. No statistically significant differences were found between film, CCD, and CMOS-APS systems. Lesion detection occurred with significantly greater accuracy in cortical bone than in trabecular bone, as well as when the cortical plate was involved. Conclusions. That no differences were found between the two sensors lends support for the use of CMOS-APS sensors, which require less system power and may have longer life spans than CCD sensors. Digital imaging required 50% less radiation than film to obtain the same diagnostic information. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:356-62)
The effect of entanglements on the rheological behavior of polybutadiene critical gels

We investigated the stress relaxation behavior of critical gels originating from six nearly monodisperse, highly entangled polybutadiene melts of different molecular weight from 18000 to 97 000 g/mole. The polymers were vulcanized by a hydrosilation reaction which takes place nearly exclusively at the pendant 1,2-vinyl sites distributed randomly along the polybutadiene chain. The BSW spectrum represents the relaxation of the initial uncrosslinked precursor. A characteristic parameter is the longest relaxation time of the precursor. Crosslinking increases this longest time even further. Surprisingly, the relaxation spectrum of the precursor is not altered much by the crosslinking except for an additional long time behavior. At the gel point (critical gel), this long time behavior is self-similar. It follows the typical power law as described by the Chambon-Winter gel equation, G(t) = St −n , in the terminal zone. The critical relaxation exponent was found to be close to n = 0.5 over a range of stoichiometric ratios and for all precursor molecular weights analyzed. A new scaling relationship was found between the gel stiffness, S, and the precursor molecular weight of the form: S ∼ M , where exponent z from the zero shear viscosity-molecular weight relationship, η0 ∼ M , is commonly found to be z = 3.3 – 3.6.
Entailment of ambiguity

Everything in Rosen's work flows from the principle of 'closure to efficient cause', the necessary and sufficient distinguishing feature of complexity, and a necessary distinguishing feature of an organism. Some students of Rosen find considerable confusion over the meaning of 'closure to efficient cause'. Such confusion is unnecessary. The matter is entirely cleared up by the (M,R)-system, a set of three algebraic maps. Each map must include one of the others in its co-domain, and is itself in the co-domain of the remaining map. Structurally, the three maps form a circular hierarchy of containment. This peculiar structure is Rosen's closure. Since each map represents an efficient cause, they reveal the character of efficient cause. The efficient cause of a process is represented as its 'dynamical law', and is a constraint that arises from the intersection of the morphology of the process and the inherent constraints in reality represented by the 'laws of Nature'. A critical, observable property (evidently unnoticed by Rosen), entailed by the closure, is its inherent ambiguity. From a foundation of ambiguity, the bizarre properties of complexity (e.g., non-computability, non-fractionability, undecidability, and incompleteness) follow in a straightforward manner, often with proofs simpler than those that Rosen discovered.
The new management paradigm: An extension through the IFAM perspective☆

Abstract Current inventory models are viewed as isolated attempts to focus on inventories as an independent function of the firm. More recent approaches such as JIT or related TQM approaches broaden the view of inventory analysis, but do not go far enough in describing the firm as a collection of interrelated functional area decisions. Working through an integrated schematic termed IFAM, this paper illustrates how decomposition analysis may be used to analyze related decisions, such as inventory analysis, to produce the maximum effect on firm value.
Modeling advective-dispersive transport with reaction: An accurate explicit finite difference model

Finite difference models (FDMs) may provide oscillatory results when employed to simulate advective-dispersive transport. This paper presents an accurate FDM that is an extension of Leonard's method, referred to as LFDM, as it applies to advective-dispersive transport with reaction. The LFDM has been shown to be stable, convergent, and accurate for a wide range of Peclet numbers, Pe. The LFDM predictions are oscillation-free and accurate for Pe= 20 can be eliminated by introducing some artificial dispersion that is small and exactly quantifiable.
Histone H1 Vaccine Therapy for Overcoming Acute Rejection in Experimental Organ Transplantation

Objective. In a rat tolerogenic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model, the recipient serum (post-OLT serum) shows strong immunosuppressive activity. In our previous reports, we suggested that autoreactive antibody (Ab) against histone H1 is a major immunosuppressive factor in this serum. The present study sought to determine whether up-regulation of anti-histone H1 Ab by histone H1 vaccination led to tolerance. Materials and Methods. Using mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and heterotopic heart transplantations (HHT), the alloreactive T-cell responses and allograft survivals of histone H1-immunized rats were compared with those of control rats. Cytokine and cellular profiles were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Results. The alloreactive T-cell response of histone H1-immunized rats was significantly lower than that of control rats, although there was no difference in nonspecific T-cell activation between the 2 groups. The allograft survival of histone H1-immunized rats was significantly prolonged after HHT. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD25 molecules of histone H1-immunized rats were significantly down-regulated compared with those of control rats. Moreover, the serum cytokine profile was modified by the immunization with histone H1. Conclusions. These results suggest that histone H1 vaccination of transplant recipients leads to the production of immunosuppressive factors and the modification of cytokine/ cellular profiles.
Management of psychosis associated with a prolactinoma: case report and review of the literature.

Background Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumors; they are treated with dopamine agonists, which may cause psychotic symptoms as a side effect. Psychosis is treated with dopaminereceptor blockers that may result in elevated serum prolactin and symptomatic hyperprolactinemia. Objective The authors will review a case of a patient with a prolactinoma as well as schizophrenia and illustrate the management of psychosis in this case. Method The review describes the management of prolactinoma, symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, and long-term effects of hyperprolactinemia. Results In the case presentation reviewed, the patient was finally discharged on risperidone longacting injection and testosterone supplementation, with no growth of the adenoma after 3 years. Discussion This review provides recommendations and treatment strategy for management of prolactinoma in a patient with schizophrenia.
Cognitive aspects of nonclinical obsessive-compulsive hoarding.

Abstract Research on the cognitive variables associated with obsessive–compulsive hoarding is scarce. In this study, we investigated cognitive variables that may contribute to the maintenance and possibly etiology of hoarding. College students who characterized themselves as either “packrats” (nonclinical hoarders; n = 21 ) or not (control participants; n = 20 ) completed questionnaires assessing hoarding behavior and beliefs about hoarding, and completed a task requiring them to categorize diverse objects and trinkets of minimal value into groups. The results revealed that nonclinical hoarders, relative to control participants, rated the categorization task as significantly more stressful and difficult. Relative to control participants, hoarders took longer to complete the task and sorted objects into more categories. These findings suggest that underinclusiveness and indecisiveness, characteristic of clinical hoarders, are evident in nonclinical hoarders as well.
Terahertz intra-exciton transitions: new views of ultrafast exciton dynamics

We discuss experiments that resolve the time evolution of exciton populations by sensing transitions between the exciton's internal levels. The dynamical interplay of optically-induced excitons and unbound electron-hole pairs is investigated under various initial conditions.
Measuring image structures using a multiscale orientation field

A novel method for representing image orientation structure is used to measure the orientations of line segments in a series of increasingly blurred images. An algorithm for mapping filtered image data into an orientation feature space is defined. The algorithm is applied using four sets of filters. The results show that the algorithm effectively exploits redundancy in the feature values to yield robust inferences across a broad range of scales and through large amounts of blurring. >
journal of visual culture: Points of Departure: The Culture of US Airport Screening

Treating the airport checkpoint as part of the new security regime, this article concentrates on three issues. First, it considers the working conditions of Transportation Security Agency (TSA) emp...
Developing Interfacial Phase Diagrams for Applications in Activated Sintering and Beyond: Current Status and Future Directions

This article critically assesses the current status and future directions for the development of interfacial phase diagrams for applications in activated sintering and other fields. The origin of solid-state activated sintering is attributed to the enhanced mass transport in sintering-aid-based, nanoscale, quasi-liquid, interfacial films that are stabilized below the bulk solidus line. Interfacial thermodynamic models have been developed via extending a phenomenological premelting theory and incorporating the computational thermodynamic (CalPhaD) methods. A primitive type of interfacial phase diagrams, λ-diagrams, have been computed, and these diagrams have been validated by experiments and proven useful. More rigorous interfacial phase diagrams with well-defined transition lines and critical points may also be constructed. A long-range scientific goal is proposed to develop interfacial phase diagrams as a new materials science tool. Future studies should be conducted in several areas to achieve this goal, and special efforts should be made to predict the complex interfacial phase behaviors in multicomponent ceramic materials. Potential broad applications are envisaged.
A carbon monoxide sensor in polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on symbolic dynamic filtering

Carbon monoxide (CO) dramatically reduces the performance of a fuel cell stack if not remediated. Remediation generally requires parasitic bleeding of a small fraction (<5%) of air into the fuel stream to promote oxidation of the CO and use of a platinum-ruthenium or other noble metal based catalyst. For enhancement of system efficiency, air bleed should be controlled using real-time feedback of CO level in the feed-stream. In this paper, a recently reported data-driven pattern identification method, called Symbolic Dynamic Filtering (SDF), is applied for on-line sensing of CO content in an impure reformed hydrogen fuel stream. A small fuel cell, fuelled by a diverted stream of reformate, is used as a CO sensor. CO level is determined through time series analysis of the dynamic current response of the sensor cell due to load oscillations. The pattern identification algorithms are built upon the underlying concepts of Symbolic Dynamics, Information Theory and Probabilistic Finite State Machines. The effect of temperature on sensitivity was analyzed, and results demonstrate the efficacy of CO sensor under different operating conditions. The sensitivity of the CO sensor can be tailored for a particular application by changing the type of catalyst, its loading and operation temperature. A similar approach is now being used to develop online sensors
Adenylate cyclase of human parathyroid gland.

Experiments were performed on a particulate fraction from human parathyroid glands. A high activity of adenylate cyclase was detected which was linear with time and protein concentration. The enzyme had an optimum pH in the range of 7–8 and a Km for ATP of 0.44 × 10−3 M. Ca++ had a profound inhibitory effect; a concentration of 0.5 mM Ca++ reduced enzyme activity by 60%. Maximal enzyme activity was obtained with 5 mM Mg++; higher concentrations of this cation also inhibited enzyme activity. The effect of Mn++ was similar to that of Mg++. Enzyme activity was stimulated by NaF, catecholamines, glucagon, and calcitonin. The effect of catecholamines seems to be mediated through β-adrenergic receptors.
The design of SafeJML, a specification language for SCJ with support for WCET specification

Safety-Critical Java (SCJ) is a dialect of Java that allows programmers to implement safety-critical systems, such as software to control airplanes, medical devices, and nuclear power plants. SafeJML extends the Java Modeling Language (JML) to allow specification and checking of both functional and timing constraints for SCJ programs. When our design of the SafeJML is implemented, it will help check the correctness of detailed designs, including timing for real-time systems written in SCJ.
Modulation Theory Solution for Resonant Flow Over Topography

The near-resonant flow of a stratified fluid over topography is considered in the weakly nonlinear, long-wave limit, this flow being governed by a forced Korteweg-de Vries equation. It is proved from the modulation equations for the Korteweg-de Vries equation, which apply away from the obstacle, that no steady state can form upstream of the obstacle. This has been noted from previous experimental and numerical studies. The solution upstream and downstream of the topography is constructed as a simple wave solution of the modulation equations. Based on similarities between the method by which this solution is found and the quarter plane problem for the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the solution to the quarter plane problem is found for the special case in which a positive constant is specified at x = 0.
Illustrating the multidisciplinary nature of engineering using engineering grand challenges

Engineers work in an environment that requires many skills and capabilities. In addition to having strong technical abilities, engineers also need strong communication skills for both oral communications and for preparing written materials. In addition, engineers need team skills to participate in interdisciplinary teams that include engineers, scientists, computer economists, and environmental specialists. An excellent way to illustrate the multidisciplinary nature of engineering is through a set of grand challenges-fundamental problems in engineering and science with broad potential impact. In this paper, the authors present some grand challenges and illustrate examples of using them in the classroom.
Localized Densification during the Stage II–III Transition ‐ Compaction Efficiency at High Pressures

Localized densification and compaction efficiency at high pressures was studied using X-ray computed tomography. Stage III begins with the initiation of a region of uniform average density within the overall high-density zone. No further densification occurs in this region; additional pressure is transmitted into adjacent, less-dense zones and the die wall. This localized increase in wall friction continuously decreases compaction efficiency. Discrete element modeling was used to visualize force transfer. The transition was governed by events that ranged from the microscale to the macroscale. Terapascal levels of pressure were required to produce a uniform compact.
Interplanetary navigation overview

Reviews the major fundamental tasks (measurement acquisition, trajectory estimation and trajectory control) needed to navigate spacecraft from Earth to other bodies in our solar system. It is an interdisciplinary process, made possible with contributions from physicists, mathematicians, electrical engineers, and computer scientists, to name a few. Although the example covered today was an interplanetary mission, the navigation tasks are similar for Earth-orbiting vehicles as well.
PP03.7 – 2754: KCTD7 mutation causing infantile neuronal ceroid lipofucinosis

Objective Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is one of the progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PME) of childhood with 14 types currently described. We present a case of NCL with a novel potassium channel tetramerization containing 7 (KCTD7) gene mutations. Case A 10 year old previously well boy presented at 23 months old with rapid onset global regression. Within 6 months he was non-ambulant and had developed generalised dystonia, non-epileptic myoclonus and epilepsy (tonic clonic seizures). Family history was unremarkable. The EEG at 29 months demonstrated a diffuse slow background and frequent independent spike and sharp waves bilaterally. MRI brain (with spectroscopy) was initially normal but at 5 and 7 years showed signal changes in both cerebellar hemispheres with mild global atrophy. Extensive neurometabolic investigations were normal including ultrastructural examination of lymphocytes, white cells and cultured fibroblasts lysosomal enzyme activity, muscle histology and respiratory chain enzymes, electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials were normal. Brain biopsy at 8 years demonstrated membrane-bound lysosomal accumulation of electron dense material in numerous neurons but did not contain curvilinear inclusion material characteristic of NCL. Repeat ultrastructural examination of lymphocytes and white cell enzyme activity was again normal. Results Genetic testing by next-generation sequencing, through DDD study, revealed autosomal recessive compound heterozygote mutations in KCTD7 gene exon 2 (c.190A>G, p. Thr64Ala) and 4 (c.631C>T, p.Arg211X). This was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The KCTD7 gene has recently been associated with infantile-onset NCL subtype CLN14 and PME type 3 (EPM3). Conclusion KCTD7 mutation testing should be considered in children with suspected infantile NCL when first line diagnostic tests are normal.
Assessing the Future of Regional Governance in North America

The problems associated with regional governance continue to be a part of the local government landscape in metropolitan areas. Academics and those assessing the future directions of local governance argue that some form of regional governance system will become even more necessary to meet the needs of urban regions. They contend that the need for cooperative and collaborative endeavors to deal with policy and service issues that spill over local government boundaries will become more pronounced. One academic, in assessing the future directions of governance, wrote the following:
Ancillary Tests of Bull Semen Quality

Various seminal quality tests, including sperm morphology, sperm motility, cervical mucus penetration, zona pellucida penetration, osmotic swelling, supravital staining, fluorescent staining, and flow cytometric analyses are described in relation to their ability to identify potential fertility in animals. The new automated semen analyses systems reviewed in this article tend to provide more reliable information, but may not be cost-effective. The determination of true fertility, which can be assessed only by the number of live offspring, will continue to be required no matter how sophisticated the seminal quality methodology becomes.
Verification of Tariff Effectiveness by Different Statistical Methods

Tariff questions have been and still are generally cited as examples of economic problems which do not lend themselves to quantitative analysis. Although in recent years considerable work has been done by various students in applying statistical methods to obtain some quantitative measurement of tariff effectiveness,' there has not been any widespread attempt to bring together the various methods and correlate or verify the results of one method with those of other methods. Consequently, tariff research has not attained its highest degree of effectiveness. In order to secure the most valid conclusions regarding the effects of a duty on prices, production, and trade of a given commodity, several methods should be used and the results checked against each other. The final measurement will be a composite figure which will be more generally acceptable and more accurate than any obtained by use of a single method. Moreover, checking the results obtained by one method with those obtained by others will help to establish some measurement of its adequacy for use in other commodities where no other method may be feasible.