cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term behavioural and molecular alterations associated with maternal separation in rats

In this study we addressed whether certain behavioural measures, endocrine levels and specific stress-related proteins exhibit long-term alterations in adult rats following repeated postnatal maternal separation. Rats were subjected to daily maternal separation for 15 min (HMS15) or 180 min (HMS180) from postnatal day 2-14. Adult HMS180 animals were hypoactive and had increased levels of stereotypy compared to HMS15 and normal animal facility-reared (AFR) animals. HMS180 animals also had augmented plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations following an acute stressor, compared to the other two groups. We assessed persistent changes in proteins regulated by stress in hippocampus, cortex, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, striatum and amygdala. Western blotting analysis revealed a decrease in the levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus and striatum, but an increase in the ventral tegmental area in the HMS180 rats. Levels of pro-BDNF were significantly increased in the ventral tegmental area of HMS180 animals but were unchanged in other brain regions compared to the other two groups. Levels of the transcription factors cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and DeltaFosB were unchanged in all of the brain regions studied in the maternally separated rats. These data show that maternal separation induces long-term changes in BDNF expression, and more specifically the processing of BDNF, in the hippocampus, striatum and ventral tegmental area. Recognition of these adaptations begins to define the brain regions, and neural circuitry, associated with persistent alterations induced by early life stressors and the development of mood disorders.
Confirmation in a Branching World: The Everett Interpretation and Sleeping Beauty

Sometimes we learn what the world is like, and sometimes we learn where in the world we are. Are there any interesting differences between the two kinds of cases? The main aim of this article is to argue that learning where we are in the world brings into view the same kind of observation selection effects that operate when 10 sampling from a population. I will first explain what observation selection effects are (Section 1) and how they are relevant to learning where we are in the world
Degradation of meridional ray backscattering enhancements for tilted cylinders by mode conversion: wide-band observations using a chirped PVDF sheet source

High-frequency backscattering measurements are discussed for a thick-walled hollow finite cylindrical shell. The frequency range examined is above the coincidence frequency where energy coupled to supersonic Lamb-type waves dominates the backscattering for off-beam aspect. One particular mechanism, involving a meridional leaky ray, leads to large enhancements along well-defined arcs in frequency-aspect angle space. It is shown that the backscattered levels for the flexural mode meridional ray drop dramatically above a certain frequency. This degradation of the energy in the return signal is found to be correlated with mode conversion at the truncation of the shell of the lowest order flexural mode into the next higher flexural mode. An approximate calculation utilizing simply supported boundary conditions does not display the observed degradation since it fails to allow for mode conversion.
Morphometric analysis of amygdla and hippocampus shape in impulsively aggressive and healthy control subjects

Abstract Background Impulsive aggressive behavior is thought to be facilitated by activation of the limbic brain, particularly the amygdala and hippocampus., Functional imaging studies suggest abnormalities in limbic brain activity during emotional information processing in impulsively aggressive subjects with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). It is not known if IED is associated with altered amygdala and hippocampus volume and shape. Methods We examined the volume and shape of the amygdala–hippocampal complex, using morphometric analysis of high resolution structural 3T MR scans in healthy control (HC: n = 73) subjects without history of Axis I or II psychiatric conditions and in subjects with IED (n = 67). Results While no volume differences were observed between HC and IED subjects, a significant level of morphometric deformation, suggestive of cell loss, in both amygdala and hippocampal structures was observed bilaterally in IED subjects. Analysis of a canonical variable that used the first 10 eigenvectors from both sides of the brain revealed that these morphometric deformations in the IED subjects were not due the presence of confounding variables or to comorbidities among IED subjects. Conclusions These data reveal that IED is associated with a significant loss of neurons in both the amygdala and hippocampus. These changes may play a role in the functional abnormalities observed in previous fMRI studies and in the pathophysiology of impulsive aggressive behavior.
School Choice, Diversity and a Life of One's Own:

Liberal proponents of school choice increasingly advance the diversity argument in support of programs such as vouchers. The diversity argument states that respect for the worldviews of parents requires allowing them to send their children to schools that reflect those views. But whatever its merits, such an argument cannot be made on behalf of adolescents insofar as these students have the same capacity to have a worldview upon which liberal respect for parental concerns is based. When it comes to high school, it is the students, not parents, who are the ones with a legitimate claim to the diversity argument. I explore whether the diversity argument is coherent if the same persons who are the recipients of education are also those who advance this argument. Ultimately, analysis reveals both principled and practical reasons that render the diversity argument incapable of justifying school choice for adolescents.
An Analysis of Race and Ethnic Categories in Career Research From 1990 to 2007

Previous research concerning the reporting of race and ethnicity in empirical research was replicated and expanded. One thousand two hundred sixty-eight studies over the years 1990—2007 were examined in the following journals: Career Development Quarterly, Journal of Career Assessment, Journal of Career Development, and Journal of Vocational Behavior. Results indicated that 62% of studies from 1990 to 1999 and 46% from 2000 to 2007 do not report race or ethnicity at all. A racial/ethnic profile of the research participants over the 18-year period was constructed and compared with the U.S. population for that time period, as well as to previous research. The authors provide implications and suggestions for future research.
Strain-dependent stimulation of growth in leptin-treated obese db/db mice

Leptin increases the proliferation of various cell types in vitro, and we reported that background strain influences the metabolic responses to leptin in db/db mice, which express short-form, but not long-form, leptin receptors. Here, we examined the effects of leptin on growth of young C57BL/Ks, C57BL/6J, and C57BL/3J db/db mice. Intraperitoneal infusions of 20 micro g leptin/d for 26 d increased the food intake of C57BL/6J mice by 15% (P < 0.01), but had no effect in C57BL/Ks db/db mice. Leptin-infused C57BL/6J db/db mice gained more weight ( approximately 20%; P < 0.04) than PBS-infused controls. The increased weight was sustained after leptin infusion ended. Leptin had no effect on weight gain or food intake of C57BL/3J db/db mice, which only express the soluble leptin receptor. A single leptin injection increased MAPK phosphorylation in liver by 40% (P < 0.001) and that in muscle tissues by 20% (P < 0.001) in C57BL/6J mice, but did not change phosphorylation in C57BL/3J db/db mice. These results suggest that leptin increases the weight gain of C57BL/6J db/db mice by activating the MAPK pathway through a mechanism that is dependent on short-form leptin receptors. This response may be masked by activation of the long-form receptor in wild-type animals that lose body fat during leptin treatment.
Sugar and Amino Acid Content of Poa pratensis Infected with Ustilago striiformis and Urocystis agropyri

Leaf and root tissues of Poa pratensis L. showing distinct morphological changes associated with infection by Ustilago striiformis (West.) Niessl var. poae (stripe smut) or Urocystis agropyri (Pruess) Schroet. (flag smut) were analyzed for total soluble sugars and free amino acids. Decreases in the quantity of soluble sugars in stripe-smutted plants were not significant, indicating that the presence of U. striiformis sori in leaf tissue does not interfere with photosynthesis of the host. Severe decreases in the quantity of soluble sugars in flag-smutted plants suggest that U. agropyri either directly impairs photosynthesis or effectively metabolizes the photosynthate. Both pathogens caused significant decreases in total free amino acids in leaf and root tissues. The negligible decrease in soluble sugars in stripe-smutted plants was associated with a disproportionate decrease in free amino acids, suggesting that the pathogen either metabolizes amino acids or inhibits their synthesis. The severe decrease in amino acids in leaves and roots of U. agropyri-infected plants is believed due to carbohydrate starvation. It is probable that morphological changes in U. agropyri-infected plants, including reduced branching, dwarfed leaves and root systems, and the inability to produce inflorescences, are probably the direct result of severely reduced levels of sugars and amino acids. The reduced branching, somewhat smaller root systems, and inhibition of inflorescence production on plants infected by U. striiformis probably are associated to some extent with decreases in amino acids. The upright elongated leaves of U. striiformis-infected plants, however, cannot be attributed to the decrease in amino acid content and are suggestive of hyperauxiny.
Bartók's funeral: representations of Europe in Hungarian political rhetoric

This article analyzes the rhetorical structure of a single set of events—the reburial of Bela Bartok's body in Budapest—and shows how these events were a constitutive part of political processes in Hungarian state socialism during the 1980s. Arguing for a processual approach to the relationship between discursive structure and event, the analysis shows that the funeral was a response to political opposition, a response made by intellectuals speaking for the state. Ironically, although the funeral was orchestrated by the state, its rhetoric reproduced the durable discourse about Europe and national identity that critical intellectuals had (re)introduced into public debate and that state socialism in Hungary had tried to suppress. The semiotic structure of this discourse shaped not only the rhetoric of the funeral but, more broadly, the way educated Hungarians understood political-economic change. [political language, rhetoric, national identity, Europe and Hungary]
Interior permanent magnet machine analysis using finite element based equivalent circuit model

Due to the high local magnetic saturation, interior permanent magnet (IPM) brushless and synchronous machines are normally simulated based on finite element analysis (FEA). This paper presents a simulation approach based on the equivalent circuit extraction (ECE) model from FEA results. A high efficient sweep technique is introduced and the simulation results for an IPM machine are compared with the transient FEA results and the test data.
Inhibition of a novel specific neuroglial integrin signaling pathway increases STAT3-mediated CNTF expression

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expression is repressed in astrocytes by neuronal contact in the CNS and is rapidly induced by injury. Here, we defined an inhibitory integrin signaling pathway. The integrin substrates laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin, but not collagen, thrombospondin or fibrinogen, reduced CNTF expression in C6 astroglioma cells. Antibodies against αv and β5, but not α6 or β1, integrin induced CNTF. Together, the ligand and antibody specificity suggests that CNTF is repressed by αvβ5 integrin. Antibodies against Thy1, an abundant neuronal surface protein whose function is unclear, induced CNTF in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures indicating that it is a neuroglial CNTF repressor. Inhibition of the integrin signaling molecule Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) or the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 MAPK, greatly induced CNTF mRNA and protein expression within 4 hours. This selective inhibitory pathway phosphorylated STAT3 on its inhibitory ser-727 residue interfering with activity of the pro-transcription Tyr-705 residue. STAT3 can activate CNTF transcription because it bound to its promoter and FAK antagonist-induced CNTF was reduced by blocking STAT3. Microinjection of FAK inhibitor directly into the brain or spinal cord in adult mice rapidly induced CNTF mRNA and protein expression. Importantly, systemic treatment with FAK inhibitors over 3 days induced CNTF in the subventricular zone and increased neurogenesis. Neuron-astroglia contact mediated by integrins serves as a sensor to enable rapid neurotrophic responses and provides a new pharmacological avenue to exploit the neuroprotective properties of endogenous CNTF.
State estimation of an autonomous helicopter using Kalman filtering

Presents a technique to accurately estimate the state of a robot helicopter using a combination of gyroscopes, accelerometers, inclinometers and GPS. Simulation results of state estimation of the helicopter are presented using Kalman filtering based on sensor modeling. The number of estimated states of helicopter is nine : three attitudes(/spl theta/,/spl phi/,/spl psi/) from the gyroscopes, three accelerations(x/spl I.oarr/,y/spl I.oarr/,z/spl I.oarr/) and three positions (x, y, z) from the accelerometers. Two Kalman filters were used, one for the gyroscope data and the other for the accelerometer data. Our approach is unique because it explicitly avoids dynamic modeling of the system and allows for can elegant combination of sensor data available at different frequencies. We also describe the larger context in which this work is embedded, namely the design and implementation of an autonomous robot helicopter.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of 300M Steel under Different Heat Treated Conditions

Abstract The resistance of 300M steel to stress corrosion cracking in a 3.5% NaCl solution was studied as a function of heat treatment. Threshold stress intensity was affected by microstructural fe...
Implementation of a multidisciplinary guideline-driven approach to the care of the extremely premature infant improved hospital outcomes.

Aim: To test the hypothesis that implementing guidelines for the standardized care of the extremely premature infant (<27 weeks) in the first week of life would improve patient outcomes in an all referral NICU. Methods: Data were collected on all infants <27 weeks gestational age and <7 days of age on admission cared for using these small baby guidelines (SBG), as well as on all age-matched infants admitted the year prior (comparison). Results: Thirty-seven patients were cared for utilizing the SBG and 40 patients were in the comparison group. There were no differences between the groups in gestational age, birthweight or age on admission. There was no difference in survival to discharge (73% SBG, 70% comparison). The mean length of stay for survivors was 112 ± 38 days SBG and 145 ± 76 days (p < 0.05) comparison group. Survival without BPD was greater in the SBG group (24%) than in the comparison group (9%; p < 0.05), and survival without severe IVH was greater in the SBG group (65%) than in the comparison group (38%; p < 0.01). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that applying a unified approach to the care of the extremely premature infant in the first week of life resulted in a decrease in the length of hospitalization and improved patient outcomes.
Invasion of North American drainages by alien fish species

SUMMARY 1. Data from the literature were used to document colonization patterns by introduced freshwater fishes in 125 drainages across temperate North America. We analysed this data set to quantify susceptibility to invasion, success of the invaders and changes in species richness. 2. Drainages with a high number of impoundments, large basin area and low native species diversity had the greatest number of introduced species. Those drainages containing few native fishes exhibited great variation in the number of invaders, while waters with a rich native fauna contained few introduced species. However, this pattern did not differ significantly from random simulations because the pool of potential invaders is greater for drainages with low species richness. 3. In most drainages, there were more introduced than imperilled or extirpated species, suggesting that invaders tend to increase overall species richness. 4. These patterns suggest that North American fish communities are not saturated with species, but instead, are capable of supporting higher levels of diversity if the pool of potential colonists and the rate of colonization from that pool is increased.
Performance analysis of multimedia applications in Differentiated Services networks

In this paper, we present simulation results assessing the performance of DiffServ-capable networks supporting real time multimedia traffic. We evaluate the performance of voice traffic, H263 video traffic and distributed interactive virtual environments (DIVE) applications with Web background traffic in a DiffServ-capable network. Particularly, the performance of weighted fair queuing (WFQ) algorithm is studied, and a realistic Web workload model generating aggregation of self-similar bursty traffic flows is developed and used to evaluate the performance of all above multimedia applications. Our analysis demonstrates that these multimedia applications can be well supported by DiffServ-capable networks even under the bursty Web style traffic, given that the subscribed bandwidth of the application is no less than its source generating data rate. According to our results, even for the most demanding DIVE application, bandwidth reservation at twice the source-generating rate is enough.
Global Gene Expression Alterations as a Crucial Constituent of Human Cell Response to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is inevitable to humans in real-life scenarios; the hazards of IR primarily stem from its mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cell killing ability. For many decades, extensive research has been conducted on the human cell responses to IR delivered at a low dose/low dose (LD) rate. These studies have shown that the molecular-, cellular-, and tissue-level responses are different after low doses of IR (LDIR) compared to those observed after a short-term high-dose IR exposure (HDIR). With the advent of high-throughput technologies in the late 1990s, such as DNA microarrays, changes in gene expression have also been found to be ubiquitous after LDIR. Very limited subset of genes has been shown to be consistently up-regulated by LDIR, including CDKN1A. Further research on the biological effects and mechanisms induced by IR in human cells demonstrated that the molecular and cellular processes, including transcriptional alterations, activated by LDIR are often related to protective responses and, sometimes, hormesis. Following LDIR, some distinct responses were observed, these included bystander effects, and adaptive responses. Changes in gene expression, not only at the level of mRNA, but also miRNA, have been found to crucially underlie these effects having implications for radiation protection purposes.
Effects of Environmental Exposure on Sorption and Transport of Penetrants in Polymeric Materials

The exposure of polymeric materials to hostile environments and/or conditions leading to mechanical deformation usually have marked effects on sorption and transport behavior in the materials. These effects can be interpreted, and in some cases predicted, by consideration of the chemical and physical changes in the materials resulting from exposure and deformation.
Role of Linear Ubiquitination in Health and Disease

The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications, regulating a myriad of cellular processes including cell growth, survival, and metabolism. Recently, a novel RING E3 ligase complex was described, called linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), which is capable of connecting ubiquitin molecules in a novel head-to-tail fashion via the N-terminal methionine residue. LUBAC is a heteromeric complex composed of heme-oxidized iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 ubiquitin ligase-1L (HOIL-1L), HOIL-1L-interacting protein, and shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN). The essential role of LUBAC-generated linear chains for activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling was first described in the activation of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor signaling complex. A decade of research has identified additional pathways that use LUBAC for downstream signaling, including CD40 ligand and the IL-1β receptor, as well as cytosolic pattern recognition receptors including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1), and the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3). Even though the three components of the complex are required for full activation of NF-κB, the individual components of LUBAC regulate specific cell type- and stimuli-dependent effects. In humans, autosomal defects in LUBAC are associated with both autoinflammation and immunodeficiency, with additional disorders described in mice. Moreover, in the lung epithelium, HOIL-1L ubiquitinates target proteins independently of the other LUBAC components, adding another layer of complexity to the function and regulation of LUBAC. Although many advances have been made, the diverse functions of linear ubiquitin chains and the regulation of LUBAC are not yet completely understood. In this review, we discuss the various roles of linear ubiquitin chains and point to areas of study that would benefit from further investigation into LUBAC-mediated signaling pathways in lung pathophysiology.
Development of an Enantioselective Hydrogenation Based Synthesis of a Glucokinase Activator

This article describes the development and optimization of chemical reactions and subsequent multikilogram preparation of the glucokinase activator (R)-1 to fund clinical evaluation as a potential therapeutic for type II diabetes. The major process developments presented here are a Wittig olefination isomerization based synthesis of an E-acrylic acid, an optimized enantioselective hydrogenation of the E-acrylic acid, and a challenging final amide coupling.
Morphological and Quantitative Aspects of Mycoplasma-Human Cell Relationships.∗†

SummaryMicroscopic observations of my-coplasma-mfected FL human amnion cells exposed to hypotonic treatment, air drying, and staining with orcein according to the procedure previously reported, have yielded new information concerning the morphology and quantitative relationships between myco-plasma and mammalian cells. At lower levels of infection amounts of mycoplasma per cell can be determined by actual counts; for more heavily infected cultures according to defined degrees. There is a correlation, independent of the incubation period (within limits), between the quantity of cell-associated mycoplasma and mycoplasma titer (colony-forming units per ml) in the cell culture fluid. Maximum value of this titer increases gradually with the number of FL cells per culture. Increase of cell-associated mycoplasma with time is logarithmical. The amount per FL cell (other factors equal) increases with decreasing number of FL cells demonstrating that the mycoplasma compete for cell-association and are not randomly d...
A Study of Financial Resources Allocation in China's Higher Education

Changing from the planning mechanism to the market mechanism and from the elite phase to the popular phase,China's higher education has many shortcomings in the allocation of higher education financial resources.Effectively improving the efficiency and effect of higher education financial resources allocation and enhancing the economic efficiency and social efficiency of higher education need to strengthen the budget of college resources allocation and increase the university autonomy of the allocation and speed up the implementation of the chief accountant system in university so as to ensure the sustainable development of China's higher education.
S1P-3 Receptor

The S1P3 receptor is part of a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed lysophospholipid receptors, which are activated by the high-affinity ligands, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). S1P3 was isolated from human genomic DNA during a search for cannabinoid receptors …
Supersymmetric field theory in two-time physics

We construct N=1 supersymmetry in 4+2 dimensions compatible with the theoretical framework of 2T physics field theory and its gauge symmetries. The fields are arranged into 4+2-dimensional chiral and vector supermultiplets, and their interactions are uniquely fixed by supersymmetry (SUSY) and 2T-physics gauge symmetries. Many 3+1 spacetimes emerge from 4+2 by gauge fixing. Gauge degrees of freedom are eliminated as one comes down from 4+2 to 3+1 dimensions without any remnants of Kaluza-Klein modes. In a special gauge, the remaining physical degrees of freedom, and their interactions, coincide with ordinary N=1 supersymmetric field theory in 3+1 dimensions. In this gauge, SUSY in 4+2 is interpreted as superconformal symmetry SU(2,2|1) in 3+1 dimensions. Furthermore, the underlying 4+2 structure imposes some interesting restrictions on the emergent 3+1 SUSY field theory, which could be considered as part of the predictions of 2T-physics. One of these is the absence of the troublesome renormalizable CP violating F*F terms. This is good for curing the strong CP violation problem of QCD. An additional feature is that the superpotential is required to have no dimensionful parameters. To induce phase transitions, such as SUSY or electroweak symmetry breaking, a coupling to the dilaton is needed. This suggests amore » common origin of phase transitions that is driven by the vacuum value of the dilaton and needs to be understood in a cosmological scenario as part of a unified theory that includes the coupling of supergravity to matter. Another interesting aspect of the proposed theory is the possibility to utilize the inherent 2T gauge symmetry to explore dual versions of the N=1 theory in 3+1 dimensions, such as the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and its duals. This is expected to reveal nonperturbative aspects of ordinary 1T field theory.« less
An Algorithm to Assess the Potential for Standardizing International Advertising Messages

This paper develops a framework for determining whether advertising messages can be standardized across national boundaries. An algorithm to help make such decisions is proposed. Globalism and the driving forces behind it are discussed to provide background. Then the issues of standardization in international marketing, and in particular international advertising messages, are discussed. The managerial applications of the algorithm involve development of an expert system based on the algorithm using the PATHBUILDER expert system development shell. Finally, recommendations for needed future research are made.
The Rational Ground of Authority

To recall what was said at the outset, ever since the eighteenth-century revolt, freedom-loving intellectuals and their following have viewed authority with hostility. They have denounced it as the source of much, if not all, evil. The anarchists have taken a satanic view of it. In the spiritual sphere, authority was linked to the Christian faith and its ecclesiastical shepherds, in the secular to royal absolutism and later to capitalist enterprise. There always was and is an implication that authority relates to unreasoning superstition, to some thinly veiled despotism and exploitation. And it was and is argued that ‘the method of authority’ must be superseded by the clear voice of reason. Rational discourse and scientific inquiry must take the place of this method of authority. Rarely was it recalled that rational argument and scientific conclusions depend upon authority. Nor did the revolutionaries realize that their claim to assent and obedience was a highly authoritative one.1
The Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance in Cancer Stem Cells

Tumor relapse, primarily in the metastatic setting, usually results from therapy resistance and is responsible for the majority of cancer mortality. Based upon results from preclinical and clinical studies, it has been suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to therapy resistance and metastasis eventually resulting in tumor recurrence. The mechanisms underlying CSC resistance include, but are not limited to quiescence, increased activation of the DNA damage response, resistance to apoptosis, and dysregulated signaling pathways. In addition, intratumoral heterogeneity, and evolution driven by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms following treatment and during disease progression are major contributors to poor therapeutic outcomes. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanisms of therapy resistance focusing primarily on studies of CSCs from leukemia, breast cancer, and glioblastoma that have helped to provide new insights into approaches to target CSCs.
Molecular Testing in Hematologic Malignancies

Hematologic malignancies represent a diverse group of neoplastic conditions that arise from hematopoietic cells. Myeloid neoplasms represent clonal expansions of myeloid progenitors and are encompassed by myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia. Similarly, lymphoid neoplasms are composed of clonal expansions of either precursor B/T or mature B/T lymphocytes of varying stages of differentiation. Importantly, the current World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues utilizes an integrated approach for incorporation of clinical, morphologic, and genetic features (WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, Lyon, France, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008). The complex genetic abnormalities identified in these tumors have necessitated the transition from a single gene testing paradigm to that of multiple gene/panel testing or profiling. Moreover, rapid advances in the elucidation of genetic alterations of leukemias and lymphomas have highlighted the increasingly important role of molecular analysis in diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapy. Continued advances will significantly impact the importance of molecular testing in the personalized management of patients with hematologic malignancies. In this chapter, we provide an updated summary of the application of the commonly used molecular testing approaches with a focus on practical aspects of molecular testing for myeloid and lymphoid malignancies.
On Uniform Global Error Bounds for Convex Inequalities

This paper studies the existence of a uniform global error bound when a convex inequality g ≤ 0, where g is a closed proper convex function, is perturbed. The perturbation neighborhoods are defined by small arbitrary perturbations of the epigraph of its conjugate function. Under certain conditions, it is shown that for sufficiently small arbitrary perturbations the perturbed system is solvable and there exists a uniform global error bound if and only if g satisfies the Slater condition and the solution set is bounded or its recession function satisfies the Slater condition. The results are used to derive lower bounds on the distance to ill-posedness.
Feasibility of identifying out of care HIV-positive patients in a hospital setting and enrolling them in a retention intervention.

Background: The hospital setting provides an opportunity to re-engage people living with HIV (PLWH) in HIV care. We developed and implemented a protocol to identify PLWH in a hospital setting. The ...
Kohlenwasserstoffe – Grundbausteine der organischen Chemie

Der Begriff organische Chemie wurde 1784 von T. Bergmann, einem schwedischen Chemiker, fur die Stoffe der belebten Welt, also der Tier- und Pflanzenwelt eingefuhrt. Organische Stoffe konnten damals im Labor nicht hergestellt werden, sodass bis ins 19. Jahrhundert die Lehrmeinung galt, dass diese ausschlieslich im lebenden Organismus (Pflanze, Tier, Mensch) nur mithilfe einer mystischen Lebenskraft (lat. vis vitalis) erzeugt werden konnen.
Differential privacy under fire

Anonymizing private data before release is not enough to reliably protect privacy, as Netflix and AOL have learned to their cost. Recent research on differential privacy opens a way to obtain robust, provable privacy guarantees, and systems like PINQ and Airavat now offer convenient frameworks for processing arbitrary userspecified queries in a differentially private way. However, these systems are vulnerable to a variety of covertchannel attacks that can be exploited by an adversarial querier. We describe several different kinds of attacks, all feasible in PINQ and some in Airavat. We discuss the space of possible countermeasures, and we present a detailed design for one specific solution, based on a new primitive we call predictable transactions and a simple differentially private programming language. Our evaluation, which relies on a proof-of-concept implementation based on the Caml Light runtime, shows that our design is effective against remotely exploitable covert channels, at the expense of a higher query completion time.
Tropheryma whipplei Infection (Whipple Disease) in the USA.

Whipple disease (WD) is an infection caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei (TW). Few cases have been reported in the USA. To report on the demographics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcomes of TW infection. Cases of TW infection diagnosed from 1995 to 2010 were identified in three US referral centers and from 1995 to 2015 in one. Definite classic WD was defined by positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and probable WD by specific positive TW polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of intestinal specimens. Localized infections were defined by a positive TW PCR result from samples of other tissues/body fluids. Among the 33 cases of TW infections, 27 (82%) were male. Median age at diagnosis was 53 years (range 11–75). Diagnosis was supported by a positive TW PCR in 29 (88%) and/or a positive PAS in 16 (48%) patients. Classic WD was the most frequent presentation (n = 18, 55%), with 14 definite and 4 probable cases. Localized infections (n = 15, 45%) affected the central nervous system (n = 7), joints (n = 4), heart (n = 2), eye (n = 1), and skeletal muscle (n = 1). Blood PCR was negative in 9 of 17 (53%) cases at diagnosis. Ceftriaxone intravenously followed by trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole orally was the most common regimen (n = 23, 70%). Antibiotic therapy resulted in clinical response in 24 (73%). TW infection can present as intestinal or localized disease. Negative small bowel PAS and PCR do not exclude the diagnosis of TW infection, and blood PCR is insensitive for active infection.
Customizing indoor wireless coverage via 3D-fabricated reflectors

Judicious control of indoor wireless coverage is crucial in built environments. It enhances signal reception, reduces harmful interference, and raises the barrier for malicious attackers. Existing methods are either costly, vulnerable to attacks, or hard to configure. We present a low-cost, secure, and easy-to-configure approach that uses an easily-accessible, 3D-fabricated reflector to customize wireless coverage. With input on coarse-grained environment setting and preferred coverage (e.g., areas with signals to be strengthened or weakened), the system computes an optimized reflector shape tailored to the given environment. The user simply 3D prints the reflector and places it around a Wi-Fi access point to realize the target coverage. We conduct experiments to examine the efficacy and limits of optimized reflectors in different indoor settings. Results show that optimized reflectors coexist with a variety of Wi-Fi APs and correctly weaken or enhance signals in target areas by up to 10 or 6 dB, resulting to throughput changes by up to -63.3% or 55.1%.
SPERM SURFACE IMMOBILIZATION ISOANTIGENS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on sperm surface immobilization isoantigens. Immobilization antigens, which occur on epididymal, ejaculate, and capacitated spermatozoa but are not necessarily isoantigens, are localized on sperm head and tail regions. In the case of a single, isolated immobilization antigen, the antigen is masked by seminal plasma coating antigens on ejaculate spermatozoa. Within the class of intrinsic sperm plasma membrane isoantigens, at least one is transferred from the sperm to the egg's plasma membrane during fertilization. Unfertilized, ovulated eggs do not lyse in the presence of sperm-specific isoantiserum and complement. However, following fertilization, the zygote is lysed by sperm immobilizing isoantiserum and complement. Sperm isoantigens, distinguished by the immobilization reaction, first appear on the cell surface at approximately the time spermatogenic cells migrate across the blood–testis barrier. From this stage onward, they are continually present until fertilization when at least one is transferred to the egg. As new synthesis of antigen cannot be expected until after sexual maturation of the male, the transferred isoantigens are lost during subsequent embryogenesis.
Exploring the Determinants of Service Termination at the Local Level

In this paper, we use International City/County Managers Association data to identify instances in which local jurisdictions terminate provision of given services. We then model the determinants of these decisions. The findings indicate that, contrary to expectations, challenging financial times and ideology are not meaningfully related to service shedding. Rather, previous delivery mode appears to be the most impactful factor. Specifically, services that were produced in-house, in-full or in-part, are notably less likely to be dropped in the next time period. As this is a preliminary effort, we close with comments on planned improvements to the analysis.
DVT Intervention in the Post-ATTRACT Era

Patients suffering from acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are at risk for developing chronic limb pain, heaviness, and fatigue, known as the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Although several studies have shown that catheter-directed therapy reduces clot burden and may improve clinical outcomes, the multicenter randomized controlled ATTRACT trial showed no difference in PTS or quality of life at 2 years between patients treated with pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT) and those treated with anticoagulation alone, and a higher major bleeding rate in the PCDT group. PCDT is not indicated for most patients diagnosed with lower extremity DVT. Since PCDT may benefit patients with iliofemoral DVT, intervention can be considered in this subset of patients if they are at low risk of bleeding.
MIP-Based Fault Location Identification Using MicroPMUs

In this paper, a mixed integer programming (MIP)- based method is proposed to identify not only fault locations and types in unbalanced three-phase distribution networks, but also the magnitude and the angle of the fault currents. Moreover, the minimum microPMU placement for faults detection is determined based on the impedance matrix characteristics. Different type of faults (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) are preformed on the IEEE 37-bus feeder to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in fault location and current identification. Further tests are presented to examine the performance of the proposed approach against different substation transformer configurations. The suggested algorithm shows high success rate in identifying fault locations, types and currents.
Understanding Commercially Sexually Exploited Young Women's Access to, Utilization of, and Engagement in Health Care: "Work Around What I Need".

Abstract Purpose We sought to understand the perspectives of commercially sexually exploited (CSE) young women regarding their health care needs, access, and use patterns. Methods Twenty-one CSE young women participated in this mixed methods study. Data collection included brief surveys measuring health care use, followed by in-depth, semistructured interviews to gain insight into CSE young women's health care needs, barriers and facilitators to health care, use patterns, and recommendations for improving care. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics for the quantitative survey data and thematic analysis for the qualitative interviews. Results Survey data demonstrated relatively high health care use across health care types, especially for reproductive and mental health treatment services. Barriers to care included being “on the run,” fear of bad diagnoses, and trafficker control. The fierce autonomy conceptual model emerged from the analyses to describe participants’ strong desire for self-determination in their health care decision making, including when to access care. Recommendations for improving care for CSE young women include preserving autonomy in health care decisions while meeting their basic needs, such as safety and shelter. Conclusions Overall, the CSE young women expressed high health care needs. Despite experiencing significant barriers to accessing care, study participants frequently sought care in a variety of settings. Furthermore, they shared insights about how to improve engagement in health care among CSE young women. Improving CSE young women's engagement in care requires health professionals and health systems that foster a sense of safety, trust, and autonomy over health care decisions—a need intertwined with CSE young women's experiences of abuse, survival, and sexual exploitation.
A Non-Reciprocal Filter Using Asymmetrically Transduced Micro-Acoustic Resonators

This letter reports a non-reciprocal filter based on the use of nonlinearities in high quality-factor ( $ {Q}$ ) silicon micro-acoustic resonators with asymmetric piezoelectric transducers. The two-port resonators are created by the integration of 120-nm piezoelectric aluminum nitride and 10-nm ferroelectric hafnium–zirconium-oxide transducers atop of 70-nm single-crystal silicon. The asymmetric electromechanical transduction architecture results in highly contrasted power-handing of the micro-acoustic resonator when excited at different ports, resulting in non-reciprocal transmission response for excitation powers beyond a certain threshold. A proof-of-concept filter at 253 MHz with 0.25% −3-dB bandwidth is implemented through electrical coupling of two asymmetrically transduced resonators with individual ${Q}$ of ~870. The filter demonstrates a non-reciprocal transmission ratio of ~16 dB for input power exceeding 5 dBm.
First Described Case of Gastric Volvulus Following Open Cholecystectomy

Gastric volvulus is a rare entity with the potential to become a surgical emergency if vital vascular supply is compromised. We present a case of a patient who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy converted to open; and after multiple admissions for intractable vomiting, she was found to have a secondary gastric volvulus during subsequent exploratory laparotomy. Due to dense adhesions, complete detorsion was deemed unsafe for the patient and a gastrojejunal bypass was created with subsequent complete resolution of symptoms. Patient has been doing well in follow-up visits. J Curr Surg. 2020;10(1-2):17-20 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcs403
6.10 – High-Performance Quantum-Dot Lasers

This chapter describes the recent developments of self-organized quantum-dot lasers, with emission wavelengths from ∼ 0.4 μm to nearly 2.0 μm, on GaAs and InP substrates and GaN templates. The historical development of quantum-dot lasers is first reviewed briefly, followed by a detailed description of the fundamental advantages of quantum-dot active regions in semiconductor lasers. The epitaxial growth and characterization of device-worthy quantum-dot heterostructures and their unique carrier dynamics are studied. The design, growth, and fundamental characteristics of p-doped and tunnel injection In(Ga)As quantum-dot lasers, with performance comparable to, or significantly better than, that of the conventional quantum-well lasers, are described in detail. Recent progress in the development of InGaAs quantum-dot vertical cavity surface emitting lasers as well as (In)GaN, CdSe, and InP quantum-dot edge-emitting lasers is also reviewed.
Comparison of myocardial ischemia induced by endothelin vs. mechanical stenosis in pigs

We have determined the transmural distribution of myocardial flow and ischemia during endothelin (ET-1) infusion and compared these results with the effects of mechanical stenosis. In anesthetized pigs, coronary flow was reduced 15, 30, and 50% from baseline values with a mechanical stenosis (n = 7) or increasing doses of intracoronary ET-1 (n = 8). The inner-to-outer flow ratio decreased with decreasing total flow during mechanical stenosis, and S-T segment elevation occurred predominantly in the subendocardium. In contrast, the inner-to-outer flow ratio exceeded 1.0 and actually increased during ET-1 infusion. ET-1 limited the electrocardiographic evidence of subendocardial ischemia and attenuated contractile dysfunction compared with mechanical stenosis at the same coronary flows, even though lactate flux was similar. Reactive hyperemia was retained with ET-1, even when coronary flow was reduced enough to cause lactate production. These results demonstrate a more uniform transmural distribution of flow caused by microvascular constriction than by a large-vessel stenosis.
BRAF fusion Spitz neoplasms; clinical morphological, and genomic findings in six cases.

Background Fusions involving the BRAF gene are responsible for 5% of Spitz neoplasms. To better characterize them, we report the clinical, morphological, and genomic findings of six BRAF fusion Spitz tumors. Methods The morphological, clinical, and molecular findings of six BRAF fusion Spitz neoplasms assessed by next generation sequencing (NGS) were compared to a control set of Spitz without BRAF fusions. Results BRAF fusion Spitz tumors had frequent predominance of epithelioid morphology (4/6 cases), frequent high-grade nuclear atypia and pleomorphism (5/6 cases), and a frequent desmoplastic base (3/6 cases). Five of six cases were diagnosed as atypical Spitz tumor and one as Spitz nevus. All cases had uneventful clinical follow-up. There were five different fusion partners, with CLIP2 being the most frequent. Secondary pathogenic mutations were frequent and chromosomal copy number changes were seen in three of six cases by an NGS platform. Conclusions BRAF fusions Spitz usually have epithelioid morphology, high-grade nuclear atypia, and desmoplasia. Chromosomal copy number changes are not infrequent. While our cases had uneventful follow-up, a meta-analysis of the literature suggests that among the fusion subtypes associated with Spitz tumors, they are among the subgroups more likely to develop distant metastasis.