cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Daily Dosing of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Complex treatment schedules for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, which can have a high pill burden and can include multiple daily doses, in addition to the adverse effects that the medications can cause, may reduce patient adherence to therapy. Reduced adherence prevents achievement of the desired goal of full suppression of HIV replication, and it also promotes the development of drug-resistant strains of HIV. Thus, the focus of treatment has shifted toward the use of simpler regimens. A major strategy is the development of medications and regimens for management of HIV infection that can be taken once per day. The goal of such a strategy is to improve convenience and optimize adherence, which is critical to maximizing the likelihood of sustained virologic response. Several studies involving regimens with once-daily dosing, which have involved both available agents and agents in development, have yielded promising results. In comparison with standard regimens, which involve dosing 2 or 3 times daily, the regimens with once-daily dosing improved tolerability while maintaining efficacy and safety. The results are expected to increase adherence rates among patients, reduce the incidence of antiretroviral-resistant variants of HIV, and improve the clinical outcomes during a prolonged treatment course.
Including Children with Autism in General Education Classrooms A Review of Effective Strategies

Children with autism can benefit from participation in inclusive classroom environments, and many experts assert that inclusion is a civil right and is responsible for nurturing appropriate social development. However, most children with autism require specialized supports to experience success in these educational contexts. This article provides a review of the empirical research that has addressed procedures for promoting successful inclusion of students with autism. Strategies reviewed include antecedent manipulations, delayed contingencies, self-management, peer-mediated interventions, and other approaches that have been demonstrated in the literature to be useful. The article concludes with a discussion of future research needs.
Ethnic Competition for Residential Space in Miami, Florida, 1970–80

. Between 1970 and 1980 the Hispanic population of Miami had a phenomenal rate of growth while the Black population also grew rapidly. The non-Hispanic White population actually experienced a numerical decline. The Hispanic population of the city has been highly successful in improving its economic well-being and has been able to penetrate deeply into non-Hispanic White neighborhoods throughout the city. Blacks have not been able to increase their economic well-being as greatly and their expansion has been confined largely to neighborhoods adjacent to older Black neighborhoods. Non-Hispanic White neighborhoods shrank considerably in area during the decade and today are mainly found on Miami Beach, in northeast Miami and the far south of the city. If large scale Hispanic migration continues, and the Black population maintains its rate of growth, by 1990 Miami will likely have an even smaller non-Hispanic White population than today and be ethnically more segregated.
Tegminal amplifiers and spectrum consistencies in Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner), Tettigoniidae

The sound frequency spectrum of Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner) was investigated with two different models of a custom-built analyser. The spectrum is continuous from 0 to 100 kc/s and contains a band of markedly more intense frequencies extending from 28 to 60 kc/s. When sufficient care was taken to eliminate variation due to microphone-insect alignment, this band or intensity aggregate was found to be highly consistent in the amplitude of its component frequencies. The proximal portions of the tegmina contain modified cells. Tearing these cells produced a large reduction in intensity over the entire spectrum but failed to alter the location and shape of the aggregate. It is concluded that the tegminal wing cells function exclusively as amplifiers. The vein network is suggested as a structural source of the aggregate. A cantilever model is used to represent probable vein oscillation.
The SEEK Model of Pediatric Primary Care: Can Child Maltreatment Be Prevented in a Low-Risk Population?

Abstract Objective To examine the effectiveness of the S afe E nvironment for E very K id ( SEEK) model of enhanced pediatric primary care to help reduce child maltreatment in a relatively low-risk population. Methods A total of 18 pediatric practices were assigned to intervention or control groups, and 1119 mothers of children ages 0 to 5 years were recruited to help evaluate SEEK by completing assessments initially and after 6 and 12 months. Children's medical records and Child Protective Services data were reviewed. The SEEK model included training health professionals to address targeted risk factors (eg, maternal depression), the Parent Screening Questionnaire, parent handouts, and a social worker. Maltreatment was assessed 3 ways: 1) maternal self-report, 2) children's medical records, and 3) Child Protective Services reports. Results In the initial and 12-month assessments, SEEK mothers reported less Psychological Aggression than controls (initial effect size=−0.16, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.27, −0.05, P = .006; 12-month effect size=−0.12, 95% CI −0.24, −0.002, P = .047). Similarly, SEEK mothers reported fewer Minor Physical Assaults than controls (initial effect size=−0.16, 95% CI −0.29, −0.03, P = .019; 12-month effect size=−0.14, 95% CI −0.28, −0.005, P = .043). There were trends in the same positive direction at 6 months, albeit not statistically significant. There were few instances of maltreatment documented in the medical records and few Child Protective Services reports. Conclusions The SEEK model was associated with reduced maternal Psychological Aggression and Minor Physical Assaults. Although such experiences may not be reported to protective services, ample evidence indicates their potential harm. SEEK offers a promising and practical enhancement of pediatric primary care.
`Also' as a Discourse Marker: Its Use in Disjunctive and Disaffiliative Environments:

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the intricate operation of the adverb `also' in actual interaction at a level of detail that dictionary definitions have failed to capture. Using primarily...
Dividend policy, creditor rights, and the agency costs of debt.

We show that country-level creditor rights influence dividend policies around the world by establishing the balance of power between debt and equity claimants. Creditors demand and managers consent to a more restrictive payout policy as a substitute for weak creditor rights in an effort to minimize the firm’s agency costs of debt. Using a sample of 120,507 firm-years from 52 countries, we find that both the probability and amount of dividend payouts are significantly lower in countries with poor creditor rights. A reduction in the creditor rights index from its highest value to its lowest value implies a 41% reduction in the probability of paying a dividend, and a 60% reduction in dividend payout ratios. These results are robust to numerous control variables, sample variations, model specifications, and alternative hypotheses. We also show that the agency costs of debt play a more decisive role in determining dividend policies than the previously documented agency costs of equity. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing literature arguing that creditors exert significant influence over corporate decision-making outside of bankruptcy.
Design of a therapeutic robotic companion for relational, affective touch

Much research has shown the positive health benefits of companion animals. Unfortunately these animals are not always available to patients due to allergies, risk of disease, or other reasons. Recently, this application domain has attracted attention of robotics researchers. The Huggable is a new type of robotic companion capable of active relational and affective touch-based interactions with a person. It features a high number of somatic sensors (electric field, temperature, and force) over the entire surface of the robot, underneath a soft silicons skin and fur fabric covering. This paper describes the design and early results in recognizing affective content of touch for this robot.
Technical Efficiency Analysis of Small-holder Farmers in Rural and Peri-urban Areas of Nigeria

This study analysed technical efficiency of small-holder farmers in rural and peri-urban areas of Nigeria using 224 rural farmers and 393 peri-urban farmers in Benue State. The stochastic frontier production function was used to analyse data. The study showed technical efficiency among the respondents in the rural areas varied substantially ranging between 0.00 and 1.00, with a mean technical efficiency of 0.11. In the peri-urban areas, technical efficiency among the respondents varied widely ranging between 0.00 and 0.83, with a mean technical efficiency of 0.30. High levels of technical inefficiency are highly attributable to the low availability of extension services and information about technical aspects of crop technologies. Revamping the productivity of smallholder farmers therefore requires a sustained effort to improve farmers' access to technological information, quality productive farm labour and product markets and to lower the risks they face.
Local Measurements of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer on Hot Spots in 3D Compatible Radial Microchannels

Hot spots and temperature non-uniformities are critical thermal characteristics of current high power electronics and future three dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs). Experimental investigation to understand flow boiling heat transfer on hot spots is required for any two-phase cooling configuration targeting these applications. This work investigates hot spot cooling utilizing novel radial microchannels with embedded pin arrays representing through-silicon-via (TSV) interconnects. Inlet orifices were designed to distribute flow in radial channels in a manner that supplies appropriate amounts of coolant to high-power-density cores. Specially designed test vehicles and systems were used to produce non-uniform heat flux profiles with nominally 20 W/cm2 background heating, 200 W/cm2 core heating and up to 21 W/mm2 hot spot (0.2 mm × 0.2 mm) heating to mimic a stackable eight core processor die (20 mm × 20 mm) with two hot spots on each core. The temperatures associated with flow boiling heat transfer at the hot spots were locally measured by resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) integrated between the heat source and sink. At nominal pressure and flow conditions, use of R1234ze in these devices resulted in a maximum hot spot temperature (Ths) of under 63 °C and average Ths of 57 °C at a hot spot power density of 21 W/mm2. A semi-empirical model was used to calculate the equivalent heat transfer rate around the hot spots which can provide a baseline for future studies on local thermal management of hot spots.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Lessons from Content ID: Searching for a Balance between Editorial Discretion and Free Expression on Application Platforms

Intermediaries such as Facebook have become the new “town squares” where self-expression and community interaction thrive – that is, until they remove your post.Although intermediaries have been responsive in providing a forum for users to enjoy, many maintain a meager track record when it comes to collateral censorship. Although some intermediaries such as YouTube have come a long way, anecdotal evidence suggests there is still ample room for improvement in social media platforms’ policies and processes for removing content. Possible approaches, such as democratic governance, ex ante notice and choice, and ex post appeal, pose advantages and drawbacks. However, enhancing transparency is a great place to start. Transparency has potential to deliver a variety of benefits to users as well as intermediaries, and would lay a foundation for the further development of best practices, such as a user appeals process. The challenge remains in incentivizing intermediaries to achieve the best balance possible in our society’s new vital speech forums.
The Effect of Status on Identity Stability

Using 77 status-imbalanced dyads, we experimentally test the effect of status on identity stability, setting the stage for research on identity change. From an identity theory perspective, we hypot...
Influence of elevated ambient temperature on reproductive performance of boars.

SUMMARY Twelve Yorkshire boars were randomly as- signed to one of two temperature controlled chambers to determine the influence of ele- vated ambient temperature on reproductive performance. Heat stressed boars were exposed to 34.5 -+ 1.0 C for 8 hr and 31.0 + 1.0 C for 16 hr daily for 90 days. Control boars were maintained at 23.0 -+ 1.0 C throughout the experimental period. Semen was collected twice weekly to determine sperm output and quality. Semen volume and gel weigh per ejaculum were not altered during elevated ambient tempera- ture. However, sperm motility and percent normal cells with non-aged acros'omes decreased and the percentage of abnormal cells and cells with aged acrosomes increased by the second week of treatment. Sperm output was reduced in stressed boars during weeks two through six of treatment. Only 28.6% of 77 gilts bred with semen from stressed boars conceived compared to 41.2% of 88 gilts bred with control semen. At day 30 + 3 of pregnancy, embryonic survival was 71.2 + 3.7% in gilts bred with semen from control boars and 48.5 + 5.2% for gilts bred with semen from stressed boars. (Key Words: Boar, Heat Stress, Semen, Sperm Morphology, Swine Reproduction.) 2Journal Article No. 3009 of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Still- water, Oklahoma. This research was conducted in cooperation with the U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Southern Region. UAppreciation is expressed to Dr. R. K. Johnson and L. D. Young for assistance with the statistical analyses. 3Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Oklahoma State University, StiUwater 74074. *Present address: Department of Animal Science,
Irresolute Testators, Clear and Convincing Wills Law

Controversial recent wills law reforms, embodied in new provisions of both the Uniform Probate Code and the Restatement of Property, excuse so-called “harmless errors” in will execution and permit judicial correction of erroneous terms in a will or trust. Both reforms pose evidentiary dangers, as proof of the error must come from outside the attested instrument and will be offered after the testator’s death. To respond to this concern, both the error and the testator’s true intent must be established by “clear and convincing” evidence. This article is the first to examine how courts have applied the clear and convincing evidence standard to these important reforms of wills law. In practice, the clear and convincing evidence standard provides less evidentiary protection than its proponents expected. More importantly, judicial struggles with the clear and convincing evidence standard expose a deep fissure in the very concept of testamentary freedom. The reforms assume — as does the Wills Act itself — a fully-formed, fixed set of choices that the testator has sought to express in his will, choices made by a conventionally rational choosing testamentary self for whom wills rules are a means for furthering self-determined ends. This conventionally-rational testator makes only innocent, inconsequential errors. Many of the testators in the actual cases, however, display only bounded rationality. Their errors are not simple accidental snafus. While the reforms contemplate correction only of the technical, innocuous expression or execution errors made by self-reliant, choosing testamentary selves, at least some courts care also about the more complicated errors made by vulnerable, irresolute testamentary selves. These courts push against the reforms’ boundaries. The clear and convincing evidence standard has not and will not function as a serious limit on mistake correction because it fails to reckon with both visions of testamentary freedom.
Effect of Humidity on HTPB Propellant and Its Adhesion Characteristics

The insulation layer, artificial debond layer and propellant grain in solid rocket motor chamber (SRM) are all polymer composite systems. During the molding and storing process, humidity is the foremost factor affecting the characteristics of HTPB propellant grain and adhesion strength between interfaces. The moisture absorption characteristics of insulation layer, liner and propellant grain in different environmental humidities are discussed. The characteristics of HTPB propellant grain and adhesion strength between interfaces were studied by simulating environmental humidity in the practical production process.
Increased glucose metabolism by epitrochlearis muscle removed from endotoxin-treated rats.

In this study glucose metabolism was assessed in epitrochlearis muscle taken from control and endotoxin-treated rats. Endotoxin (1 mg/100 g) or saline was administered i.v. to rats and the epitrochlearis muscle was removed 3 hr later for in vitro incubation. Glycolysis, determined as 3H2O production from [2-3H]-glucose, was increased 45% in muscle taken from endotoxin-treated rats compared to control animals. Glycogen synthesis, assessed by the incorporation of [U-14C]-glucose into glycogen, was similarly elevated. Glycolysis and glycogen synthesis were stimulated by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Muscles removed from endotoxin-treated rats were slightly more sensitive to insulin, but at the highest dose of insulin used, differences between muscles from control and endotoxemic rats remained similar to differences seen without insulin. Endotoxin-induced changes in glucose metabolism were not reversed by the presence of indomethacin, indicating that prostaglandin production is not responsible for these changes. Thus, endotoxemia results in changes in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle that are retained in vitro in the absence or presence of insulin.
Quality assessment and improvement in nuclear medicine.

"In order to comply with the JCAHO's new emphasis on quality assessment and improvement, nuclear medicine departments must identify important aspects of care and ... define performance indicators," concludes Ms. Gilbert. In her article she shows how the newly revised quality assurance standards apply to nuclear medicine departments. Included are figures depicting the categorization of, and performance indicators for, important aspects of care.
Conservation of Energy

In his On the Conservation of Force, Helmholtz argued that by performing work on a body (or collection of bodies) one can either change its configuration or its speed. In the first case, the work is stored, so to speak, as potential energy. Examples of this are the lifting of a body to a new height or the stretching of a spring. The precise amount of work required—and the potential energy stored—depends on the force which must be overcome in order to change its configuration from an initial to a final state. In the second case, the work is stored as kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of a moving object is a measure of how much work the moving object can perform on another object (such as a target) before coming to a complete stop. Generally speaking, what we today call the energy of an object (or a configuration of objects) is just the amount of work which it is capable of performing. Moreover—and this is Helmholtz’s main point–this quantity of work seems to be conserved: when work is done on an object, the object can, in turn, do precisely the same amount of work on another object. This is what Helmholtz means when he states that “the quantity of force which can be brought into action in the whole of Nature is unchangeable, and can neither be increased nor diminished.” Thus far, Helmholtz has focused on mechanical systems, such as water-wheels, pendulums, windmills, pulleys and levers. Now, in the remainder of the essay, Helmholtz generalizes his previous analysis to consider steam engines, chemical affinity, batteries and electrical machines.
Cervical Pain Syndromes

The title of cervical pain syndromes takes into account a broad range of painful conditions with an origin in the neck. A number of cervical pain generators have been proposed but a clear etiology for all cervical pain syndromes remains unclear. Possible sources for neck pain include myofascial disorders, cervical facet degeneration, uncovertebral arthritis, cervical discogenic pain, spondyloarthropathies, and herniated nucleus pulposus. Accurately identifying the source of a cervical pain syndrome requires the clinician to overlay all aspects of the patient’s history, physical exam, and imaging studies. Even with this careful approach in many cases a conclusive diagnosis requires more invasive diagnostic testing including discography, facet joint medial branch blocks, and trigger point injections. Despite the large number of patients that suffer from cervical pain and the challenges in accurately diagnosing a pain generator, many patients will improve with conservative treatments and lifestyle changes. For those patients that do not improve more invasive treatments may be warranted.
Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines: NS1 Truncation as an Approach to Virus Attenuation

Influenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination, usually involving the inactivated type of vaccine, is the primary mechanism of influenza virus prevention. Live attenuated influenza viruses (LAIV), however, are also available for the prevention of disease. These vaccines have been shown to stimulate a robust cellular response, induce IgA and IgG antibodies, and can provide heterosubtypic protection. Cold-adaptation and temperature sensitivity are two mechanisms of influenza virus attenuation, yielding viruses that are both safe and immunogenic. At present, novel attenuation strategies, including the manipulation of viral gene sequences and proteins, are being developed in the hopes of providing new LAIV vaccines. One promising strategy involves the truncation of the NS1 protein of influenza virus, limiting the interferon antagonist capabilities of the influenza pathogen. Experimental vaccines that exploit this mode of attenuation have been tested in several animal models; as summarized herein, high efficacy in reducing mortality, morbidity, and transmission of influenza viruses has been observed.
Emergency Department Management of Children with Sickle Cell Disease.

Vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) are a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). To better understand our patient population and compare with reports from other centers, we sought to describe the presentation, management, and disposition of children with VOC at our center’s ED. We also aimed to identify predictors of hospital admission. We retrospectively reviewed hospital records of all patients with SCD, age 8–19 years, who presented to our urban pediatric ED in 2003 with a chief complaint of pain. We identified all subjects diagnosed with VOC and not another cause of pain. We obtained the following data for each: SCD genotype; duration of VOC and treatment prior to ED presentation; the nature of analgesia and use of intravenous fluids (IVF) in the ED; hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration; and disposition (admitted, discharged, discharged with subsequent ED visit for same crisis). Categorical variables were evaluated by the χ 2 and Fisher exact tests and continuous variables by the t-test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated where appropriate. In 2003, there were 320 ED visits for patients with SCD and pain. Among these, there were 279 diagnoses of VOC in 105 individual patients: 45 had one visit, 25 two visits, and 16 ≥5 visits. Mean number of visits per patient was 2.7; 23 (22%) patients accounted for 145 (55%) visits. Homozygous sickle cell anemia (Hgb SS) was present in 73/105 patients, accounting for 222 (79%) ED visits. Overall admission rate was 179/279 (64%), with 167/179 admitted on their first visit and 12 on their return visit. Subjects with Hgb SS accounted for 147/179 (82%) admissions. Among those discharged who later returned to the ED during the same VOC, the admission rate was 86% (5 returned in 24 hours, 5 in 48 hours, 3 in 72 hours, and one 4 days later). Pre-ED home opioid use was reported in 75% of visits and was associated with increased likelihood of discharge (OR 1.63, CI 0.94–2.84, p=0.082). Duration of VOC before presentation did not significantly affect admission rate and averaged 53.2 hours for admitted patients and 49.7 hours for those discharged (p=0.689). Patients who received IVF in the ED (219/279; 79%) were less likely to be admitted (31% vs 56%, p
Dietary Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia/Thrombosis: A Prothrombotic Risk Factor in a Transgenic Mouse Model.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT/T), the most frequent drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia, is a common cause of life- and limb-threatening thrombosis. Although heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies are detected in many patients treated with heparin, there is little understanding of why only a subset of patients develops thrombosis. We recently produced and characterized the first mouse model that recapitulates the salient features of the disease. A second generation model, designated IIA/hPF4-mPF4KO, expresses human FcγRIIA and PF4 but lacks endogenous mouse PF4. These models allow systematic investigations of factors that contribute to pathogenic consequences of HIT/T antibodies. In the current study, we hypothesize that hypercholesterolemia, a known stimulus for atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperreactivity, would augment thrombosis in our mouse model of HIT/T. Age and sex-matched IIA/hPF4-mPF4KO mice were fed an atherogenic diet (Paigen diet) (AD; 15% cocoa butter, 1% cholesterol, 0.5% cholate) (n=10) or maintained on standard diet (SD; 4.5% fat, no cholate) (n=10). Mice fed the AD for only 4 weeks had significantly increased cholesterol levels (173 ± 29 mg/dl vs. 50 ± 18 mg/dl for SD-fed; p in vivo , in the AD-fed mice increased from 32 ± 5 μg/at baseline to 79 ± 16 μg/l (p in vivo and contribute to thrombotic risk in patients with HIT/T. An increased understanding of the contribution of prothrombotic factors not only will facilitate identification of patients with heparin/PF4 antibodies who are at increased risk of thrombosis, but also provide novel approaches to treatment of HIT/T.
Regulatory activities of transposable elements: from conflicts to benefits.

Transposable elements (TEs) are widely known for their deleterious consequences of selfish propagation and mutagenesis. However, as described in this Review, TEs also provide hosts with rich, beneficial gene-regulatory machinery in the form of regulatory DNA elements and TE-derived gene products. The authors highlight the diverse regulatory contributions of TEs to organismal physiology and pathology, provide a framework for responsibly assigning functional roles to TEs and offer visions for the future.
Caliper: performance introspection for HPC software stacks

Many performance engineering tasks, from long-term performance monitoring to post-mortem analysis and online tuning, require efficient runtime methods for introspection and performance data collection. To understand interactions between components in increasingly modular HPC software, performance introspection hooks must be integrated into runtime systems, libraries, and application codes across the software stack. This requires an interoperable, cross-stack, general-purpose approach to performance data collection, which neither application-specific performance measurement nor traditional profile or trace analysis tools provide. With Caliper, we have developed a general abstraction layer to provide performance data collection as a service to applications, runtime systems, libraries, and tools. Individual software components connect to Caliper in independent data producer, data consumer, and measurement control roles, which allows them to share performance data across software stack boundaries. We demonstrate Caliper's performance analysis capbilities with two case studies of production scenarios.
Overview of Cytokine Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with cytokine receptors. Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind cytokines. Cytokine and cell adhesion receptors are generally single-crossing receptors that are activated by binding a ligand on one side of the membrane that initiates a response on the other side. Cytokine–receptor complexes include those where two identical receptor molecules are dimerized by binding to two different sites on a single cytokine to produce a 2:1 complex, as seen for growth hormone and erythropoietin. This chapter suggests that the study of the mechanisms of cytokine signaling via single crossing receptors has been driven by defining the activated complex structures and their function in recruiting molecular complexes, and this research has also led to determining what constitutes the “off” state of receptors. Therefore, the understanding of the reference “off” states is key to understanding the horizontal signaling receptors. In this regard, this chapter details some of the most pertinent examples of horizontal signaling mechanisms, which serve to define the pathway to the future.
Combat exposure, emotional and physical role limitations, and substance use among male United States Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers.

Combat-exposed soldiers are at an increased risk for health problems that diminish quality of life (QOL) and substance use. We explored the cross-sectional associations between combat exposure and two measures of QOL, and the effect of substance use on those associations. Data are from the baseline wave of Operation: SAFETY, an ongoing survey-based study of United States Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers and their partners. Our sample consisted of male USAR/NG soldiers with a history of deployment (N = 248). Limitations in usual activity due to physical and emotional problems were assessed using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Greater combat exposure was independently associated with limitations in usual activity due to physical (regression coefficient = −0.35, 95% CI −0.55 to −0.16, R 2 = 0.09; p < 0.01) and emotional (regression coefficient = −0.32, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.09, R 2 = 0.09; p < 0.01) problems. Combat exposure had a significant interaction with frequent heavy drinking on physical role limitations (regression coefficient = −0.65, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.12, R 2 = 0.12; p < 0.05) and emotional role limitations (regression coefficient = −0.83, 95% CI −1.46 to −0.19, R 2 = 0.12; p < 0.05). Combat exposure also had a significant interaction with lifetime non-medical use of prescription drugs on physical role limitations (regression coefficient = 0.81, 95% CI 0.18–1.45, R 2 = 0.11; p < 0.05). Combat is an unmodifiable risk factor for poor QOL among soldiers; however, frequent heavy drinking and non-medical use of prescription drugs modifies the relationship between combat exposure and QOL. Therefore, substance use is a potential point of intervention to improve QOL among soldiers.
Accountability in Clinical Practice

The concept of accountability in social work practice is examined and the dilemmas involved in separating accountability and evaluation receive critical scrutiny
The Public Perception of Risk

There has been a very rapid increase in the use of probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) in recent years. Typically these studies calculate risk as the product of probability (or more correctly frequency) and consequences. This format of course does not account for any differences in the characteristics of the risk so that direct comparison of the results of such studies for different risks can be misleading. An example would be comparison of auto fatalities with commercial airline fatalities. In the United States there are annually about 50,000 auto fatalities and about 200 commercial airline fatalities. Yet it is clear that in our society there are many more people apprehensive about commercial air travel than driving in automobiles. There may be many reasons for this, among them being a risk aversion for large-consequence events. There are of course other characteristics that lead people to feel differently about risks for which the products of frequency and consequence are the same.
Social aspects of epilepsy and rehabilitation.

Abstract Epilepsy is a multifaceted and often chronic illness. Patients frequently experience social problems. These are associated with seizure severity, psychiatric comorbidities, neuropsychological dysfunctions, and various contextual factors. Contextual factors are analyzed following the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, which leads to a multidimensional approach including stigma (felt and enacted), public attitudes, discrimination, and legal provisions. The literature is scarce about interventions on how to reduce these problems. In this chapter, we combine individual factors with contextual factors and introduce a new approach assessing seizure severity in categories relevant for task performance and activities. This assessment procedure, initially created for judgment of workplace risks, has been developed in cooperation with the German State Accident Insurance Agency, and thus is recognized officially. The focus lies on seizures being described in terms relevant to their effects within the demands of a specific context. Conclusions for tailored counseling for various groups of patients with respect to employment, sports, and mobility (given as examples) are drawn together with examples of rehabilitation measures. It is outlined how physicians can influence employability and social participation of patients with epilepsy. Teaching patients to evaluate their individual risk profiles can be the first, yet rather basic, step.
Evaluating place in orientations of narratives of internal migration: ‘Mississippi is just like a boring place to me’

Abstract This study examines the evaluation of place in orientation sequences of narratives of internal migration to the Southern United States. Unlike other narratives of displacement, narratives of internal migration foreground talk about the here and now in which tellers evaluate place as an important aspect of narrative meaning-making. The current study draws on five narratives of internal migration told during research interviews about growing up bilingual in the South to examine how the South (and other places) are evaluated by young bilingual adults in the region. This study demonstrates how evaluations of place provide a resource for constructing narrators’ authority, moral positions, and belonging in relation to two main stereotypical narratives of the South, i.e. as a racialized and racist place or as a moral and hospitable place. The study has implications for understanding the construction of place and self identity in narrative as well as processes of migration of immigrant families within the U.S.
Inflation Targeting, Capital Controls, and Currency Intervention in Iceland, 2012–2017

Sebastian Edwards finds that monetary policy in Iceland has been run in an effective way since approximately 2012 and contributed in a significant way to the recovery of the Icelandic economy. He then addresses two new instruments of monetary policy: currency intervention and capital controls. He reviews the evidence for the efficacy of these instruments in other countries and suggests that the central bank make the policy framework clearer, possibly following the lead of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, and that capital controls should be gradually lifted.
Television as theatre text in the austere academy: a curricular exploration

The theatre classroom is necessarily a space in dialogue with myths about the marginalisation of theatre as an art and theatre audiences as a public. It is precisely because theatre is a marginalis...
Dense Surface Reconstruction from Monocular Vision and LiDAR

In this work, we develop a new surface reconstruction pipeline that combines monocular camera images and LiDAR measurements from a moving sensor rig to reconstruct dense 3D mesh models of indoor scenes. For surface reconstruction, the 3D LiDAR and camera are widely deployed for gathering geometric information from environments. Current state-of-the-art multi-view stereo or LiDAR-only reconstruction methods cannot reconstruct indoor environments accurately due to shortcomings of each sensor type. In our approach, LiDAR measurements are integrated into a multi-view stereo pipeline for point cloud densification and tetrahedralization. In addition to that, a graph cut algorithm is utilized to generate a watertight surface mesh. Because our proposed method leverages the complementary nature of these two sensors, the accuracy and completeness of the output model are improved. The experimental results on real world data show that our method significantly outperforms both the state-of-the-art camera-only and LiDAR-only reconstruction methods in accuracy and completeness.
Hybrid derivative-free technique and effective machine learning surrogate for nonlinear constrained well placement and production optimization

Abstract It is imperative that wells in an oil field be located and controlled in an optimal fashion to maximize asset value while satisfying the optimization constraints which can be in the form of production limits, water cut, or well spacing. Computational optimization algorithms coupled with a reservoir simulator have become increasingly popular in determining the optimal locations of wells and the optimal controls to be imposed on them. These algorithms should be able to deal with highly non-linear objective functions, the absence of gradient information, and a limited reservoir simulation budget. In this work, we considered derivative-free and non-invasive techniques: Enhanced Success History-Based Adaptive Differential Evolution (ESHADE) strategy with linear population size reduction, which is a variant of L-SHADE (recognized as one of the state-of-the-art global stochastic optimizers for continuous variable), and a Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) local pattern search method. These two methods are hybridized to develop a hybrid framework (E-MADS) that combines the advantageous aspects of both methods in order to improve optimization efficiency. In order to further improve the efficiency of the framework, gradient boosting machine learning technique is used to generate proxy model, based on regression and classification methods, to predict the objective function and classify optimization solutions into feasibless (satisfies all prescribed constraints) and infeasible groups. This information is then used to screen out solutions that are not expected to improve the objective function. Applications of these algorithms to the joint optimization of well location and time-varying control problem, with bounds and nonlinear constraints, are presented in this work. ESHADE is shown to outperform traditional global optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and a real-coded Genetic Algorithm (GA). The E-MADS hybrid is also shown to have a superior performance relative to the standalone ESHADE and MADS methods for the joint optimization problem.
Tensioning Ligament and Tendon Repairs to Bone Using a Modified Screw-post Technique.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how to tension tendon and ligament repairs or reconstructions to bone by using an oblique screw-post. A controlled experiment simulating this repair technique is reported, followed by 5 case examples. METHODS A wood frame model was used to test 5 initial exposed screw lengths (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 mm) and 5 screw angles [90 (perpendicular to wood plane), 75, 60, 45, 30 degrees]. A spring-based force gauge was tied to the exposed 3.5 mm cortical screw with a washer using a #2 nonabsorbable braided suture, and the screw was fully advanced. System lengths were measured before and after advancement using digital calipers. Screw angles were measured with a protractor. Analysis of variance with post hoc paired t tests was performed to compare changes in system length with different initial exposed screw length and screw angle. RESULTS Greater changes in system length was achieved with decreasing screw angle and increasing initial exposed length (P<0.05). A maximum change in system length of 12.4 mm (SD=0.4 mm) was achieved with a 45-degree screw with 20 mm initial exposed length (P<0.05). Five case examples where a screw-post was used to repair tendons and ligaments in the upper extremity are described. CONCLUSIONS An oblique screw-post can advance a tendon or ligament repair to bone. This can result in increased tension of the repaired structure, potentially providing a better repair or greater joint stability.
Local lipschitzness of reachability maps for hybrid systems with applications to safety

Motivated by the safety problem, several definitions of reachability maps, for hybrid dynamical systems, are introduced. It is well established that, under certain conditions, the solutions to continuous-time systems depend continuously with respect to initial conditions. In such setting, the reachability maps considered in this paper are locally Lipschitz (in the Lipschitz sense for set-valued maps) when the right-hand side of the continuous-time system is locally Lipschitz. However, guaranteeing similar properties for reachability maps for hybrid systems is much more challenging. Examples of hybrid systems for which the reachability maps do not depend nicely with respect to their arguments, in the Lipschitz sense, are introduced. With such pathological cases properly identified, sufficient conditions involving the data defining a hybrid system assuring Lipschitzness of the reachability maps are formulated. As an application, the proposed conditions are shown to be useful to significantly improve an existing converse theorem for safety given in terms of barrier functions. Namely, for a class of safe hybrid systems, we show that safety is equivalent to the existence of a locally Lipschitz barrier function. Examples throughout the paper illustrate the results.
Studying the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease Using Zebrafish.

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder leading to severe disability. The clinical features reflect progressive neuronal loss, especially involving the dopaminergic system. The causes of Parkinson’s disease are slowly being uncovered and include both genetic and environmental insults. Zebrafish have been a valuable tool in modeling various aspects of human disease. Here, we review studies utilizing zebrafish to investigate both genetic and toxin causes of Parkinson’s disease. They have provided important insights into disease mechanisms and will be of great value in the search for disease-modifying therapies.
Strategies to Enable Reversible Magnesium Electrochemistry: From Electrolytes to Artificial Solid–Electrolyte Interphases

The first prototype of a rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery demonstrated two decades ago sparked tremendous interest in the electrochemical community due to their potential low cost, high volumetric energy density. However, the development of rechargeable Mg batteries has been hampered by the incompatibility between the Mg-metal anode and conventional carbonate electrolytes. Research has focused on electrolytes that are thermodynamically stable against reduction at the expense of low oxidation potential at the cathode side. Alternatively, the use of an artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) via surface coating presents promising results to address the Mg/electrolyte incompatibility and significantly broaden the selection of electrolytes. This minireview discusses the limitations of electrolyte development and strategies for the design of artificial interphases in magnesium-ion batteries. Future perspectives in the development of artificial interphases for rechargeable magnesium batteries are also discussed.
Recruiting and Retaining Members in Agricultural Organizations

Many organizations struggle with recruiting new members and retaining current members. The UF/IFAS PIE Center conducted membership surveys of the Florida Cattlemen’s Association and Florida CattleWomen to aid both groups in their membership efforts. This 3-page document discusses common membership barriers and practices in order to help agricultural organizations be better equipped to attract new members and keep current ones. Written by Ricky Telg and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, March 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc300
Low levels of protective humoral immunity following mild or asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a community-based serological study

The degree of protective humoral immunity after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is not known. We measured antibody-mediated neutralization of spike protein-ACE2 receptor binding--a surrogate measure of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection--in a large and diverse community-based seroprevalence study. Comparisons were made across three groups of seropositive participants that differed in the severity of infection and engagement with clinical care (N=790). The clinical group was seropositive for prior infection, symptomatic, and diagnosed with COVID-19 by a healthcare provider. The symptomatic group was seropositive and reported one or more symptoms of infection but received no clinical care. The asymptomatic group was seropositive but reported no symptoms. 86.2% of all infections were mild or asymptomatic; 13.8% received clinical care. Of the clinical cases, 96.3% were outpatient; only 3.7% required hospitalization. Moderate or high levels of neutralizing activity were detected following 27.5% of clinical infections, in comparison with 5.4% of symptomatic and 1.5% of asymptomatic infections. The majority of infections in the general population are mild or asymptomatic and likely result in low levels of antibody-mediated protective immunity.
An Infinity of Relics: Erasmus and the Copious Rhetoric of John Calvin's Traité des reliques

John Calvin's “Traite des reliques” (1543) inventories early modern Europe's fraudulent relics. Yet, theologically speaking, authenticity is irrelevant: all relics are idols to the evangelical Protestant, while for Catholics prayer's intention, not its conduit, was paramount. This article locates a solution in Calvin's humanist formation: chiefly, his debt to Desiderius Erasmus—not to Erasmus's satirical or devotional works, but to his rhetorical theory of copia. The “Traite” amasses a copia, an abundance, of fakes, burying the cult of relics in its own contradictions. Fusing rhetoric and proof, this mass juxtaposition subjects sacred presence to noncontradiction, patrolling vital confessional borders in Reformation theology.
Aspiration fuels willpower: Evidence from the addiction literature

Ainslie identifies two possible motivational sources for resolve: "thinking categorically" and "intertemporal bargaining." Ainslie opts for intertemporal bargaining, adding that thinking categorically has no motivational power. The most researched instance of willpower is remission from addiction. This literature shows that aspirations for a more desirable identity and comfortable lifestyle motivate remission. In other words, "thinking categorically" drives willpower.