cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective Thermal Conductivity in Multi-Fraction Reactor Fuels

The effective thermal conductivity of the fuel elements used in nuclear reactors is of significant importance in determining the performance, reliability and operational efficiency of the reactors. This 1s especially true in sphere-pac reactor fuels, in which the fuel elements are comprised of packed beds of spherical or near spherical particles. Presented here is a review of the analytical and experimental investigations, con-ducted to predict or determine the thermal conductivity of beds of packed spherical particles such as those found in sphere-pac reactor fuels. Included are packed beds in which the particles are all of uniform size and beds in which several different sizes exist. Analytical techniques for packed beds both with and without restructuring are presented, discussed and compared with the existing experimental data. Based upon this review, it is apparent that additional analytical and experimental investigations are necessary in order to accurately predict the effective thermal conductivit...
Skinflammation and Drug Toxicity—A Delicate Balance

Loss of epidermal growth factor receptor function in epidermal keratinocytes triggers a disfiguring acneiform rash through the coordinate activation of innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms (Mascia et al. and Lichtenberger et al., this issue).
Socioeconomic Disadvantage, School Attendance, and Early Cognitive Development: The Differential Effects of School Exposure

Over the past several decades, research has documented strong relationships between social class and children’s cognitive abilities. These initial cognitive differences, which are substantial at school entry, increase as children progress through school. Despite the robust findings associated with this research, authors have generally neglected the extent to which school absenteeism exacerbates social class differences in academic development among young children. Using growth-curve analyses within a three-level hierarchical linear modeling framework, this study employs data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) to examine the links between children’s social class, school absences, and academic growth during kindergarten and first grade. Results suggest that the effects of schooling on cognitive development are stronger for lower socioeconomic status (SES) children and that the findings associated with theories of summer learning loss are applicable to literacy development during early elementary school. Indeed, although they continue to achieve at lower absolute levels, socioeconomically disadvantaged children who have good attendance rates gain more literacy skills than their higher SES peers during kindergarten and first grade.
Integrated optics ring-resonator chemical sensor for detection of air contamination

We report a silicon nitride-based ring resonator chemical sensor with sensing polymer coating. It's sensitivity to isopropanol in air is at least 50 ppm - well under the permissible exposure level of 400 ppm.
Quantification of the dopamine D2 receptor in the living human caudate nucleus by PET: comparison of in vivo and in vitro kinetic parameters

It is demonstrated that the set of kinetic parameters (including first-order rate constants for the dissociation of N-methylspiperone (NMSP) from, and second-order rate constants for the association of NMSP to, the dopamine D2 and serotonin S2 receptors of the caudate nucleus) which can be derived from previously reported human caudate PET (positron emission tomographic) data is not uniquely determined, but that multiple sets generate approximately equivalent curve fits. In particular, the set consisting of the in vitro values can generate the PET data. Thus, the in vitro rate constants may apply in vivo. >
Contribution of growth hormone to the adipogenic activity of serum

GH promotes the conversion of cultured preadipose 3T3 cells into adipose cells. The serum of most animals also promotes this differentiation. In order to determine the extent to which GH is responsible for the adipogenic activity of serum, we used a specific antiserum able to suppress completely the adipogenic activity of rat and bovine GH. This antiserum also suppressed all the adipogenic activity secreted into culture medium by a rat pituitary cell line as well as all the adipogenic activity of crude bovine pituitary extract. When tested against the adipogenic activity of serum, the antiserum to GH reduced the activity by one third to half. It is concluded that 1) GH in the concentration and form present in serum is an effective promoter of adipose differentiation, and 2) there exists in serum another adipogenic activity not immunochemically recognizable as GH. This activity is presumed to be of nonpituitary origin.
Experimental study on propane jet fire hazards: Comparison of main geometrical features with empirical models

Abstract An experimental study of jet fires is performed to understand the flame geometry of jet fires. Horizontal jet fire experiments are performed by varying the mass flow rate of fuel through a 19 mm nozzle. The exit velocities varied from 25 to 210 m/s, flame lengths from 1 to 6 m and Froude Numbers from 2 × 103 to 2 × 105. The experimental measurement includes the flame detection using standard CCD camera to capture the details of flame morphology. The frames obtained from CCD camera are reconstructed using image visualization technique to obtain the flame morphology like flame length and lift-off length. The modeling includes comparison of experimentally determined jet flames with empirical correlations. The flame length is well validated with three empirical correlations. The lift-off length is found to be under-predicted by all the models. With extended analysis on image processing, it is observed that lift-off length is sensitive to the threshold intensity value chosen for image processing, whereas, flame length parameter is independent of the threshold intensity value. The deviation between experimental and predicted values is also attributed to soot formation which affects the lift-off lengths and the heat radiated by jet fires. The flame area obtained from image visualization methods are compared to flame area obtained from empirical models. The effect of air entrainment is also studied on flame geometry. It is observed that the horizontal extent of visible flame length is affected by the wind flowing in the downwind direction of jet fire. The vertical extent of the jet fires is found to reduce with wind flowing in the crosswind direction.
State of the art method for containment and disposal of liquid and solid radioactive waste using a molten aluminum alloy reactor

1086 Learning Objectives Disposal methods of low and high level medical and reactor radioactive waste have been proposed and used including storage, burial, activated carbon, vitrification into borosilicate glass or released into the environment. We evaluate a new method of using a CTIC molten alloy reactor. Methods: Feed material without pretreatment such as radioactive contaminated medical waste can be introduced into the molten aluminum alloy bath reactor with other proprietary ingredients at 700 degrees C and above resulting in chemical reduction followed by remediation of the molecular structures. Results: The molten alloy reactor appears well-suited for treating a spectrum of isotopic materials including contaminated or biohazard organic compounds. Radioactive materials dissolved or melted into the reactive metal can be concentrated to the desired level of activity with the option of adding photon absorbing metal. With the biohazard organic material reduced the concentrated isotopes may be drawn off to form cooled alloy ingots. The advantage of this chemical reduction based waste treatment process is that it is non-selective, since waste materials of biologic or ogranic compounds can be processed at one time. All of the chemical reduction reactions decompose molecular bonds at the liquid aluminum temperature of 700 degrees C and above. We have found a 84% reduction of total volume of material when processed in the alloy bath. Special electric fields are utilized to direct the charged beta particles into beta absorbing material. Conclusions: This state of the art disposal method for radioactive waste allows seperation of large biohazard or contaminated isotopic material has significant advantages to concentrate and store radioactive isotopes as alloy ingots as a solution for long term storage. Seperation of non radioactive and radioactive material and marked reduction of large volumes of biological or organic compounds is a significant advantage to other accepted modalities
PGE2 regulates cAMP production in cultured rabbit CCD cells: evidence for dual inhibitory mechanisms

In cultured cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells, exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibited arginine vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in a concentration-dependent manner. Although pertussis toxin (PT, 500 ng/ml) alone did not reverse the PGE2-dependent inhibition, PT and staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, together partially reversed the effect of exogenous PGE2. In contrast, PT completely reversed the inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP production by sulprostone. These data suggest that exogenous PGE2 can inhibit AVP-stimulated cAMP production and that the inhibitory effects of PGE2 are mediated by staurosporine- and PT-sensitive component(s). Short-term (15-240 min) incubation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10(-7) M) inhibited PGE2-stimulated cAMP production. Long-term (20 h) incubation with PMA augmented PGE2-stimulated cAMP production. These data provide evidence for the maintenance of a PT-sensitive PGE2-dependent inhibitory pathway of cAMP production in cultured CCD cells. In addition, data are presented that support an inhibitory role for protein kinase C in the effects of PGE2 on the metabolism of cAMP in these cells.
THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF HETEROSTYLY IN THE ANGIOSPERMS

Recent studies have indicated more and more that plant reproductive systems, like morphological characters, vary within and between species. Heslop-Harrison (1957) summarized studies of some physiological factors which affect the expression of sexuality in plants. Crowe (1964) made a preliminary attempt to show how Angiosperm breeding systems are, and have been, linked evolutionarily. However, what seems to be needed now are detailed analyses of individual reproductive systems, their origins, their changes through time, and their interrelationships. In this way we will see how breeding systems have evolved, convergently in some cases, to contribute most efficiently to the reproductive success of a given taxon at a given time. In this paper I have discussed in detail one Angiosperm breeding system-heterostyly-and tried to reconstruct its evolutionary history. I have' surveyed its distribution in the Angiosperms, its genetic basis, and the other breeding systems to which it h'as given rise. For the most part because the genetics of tristyly are insufficiently known, I have limited myself to a discussion of distyly.
Ethical Beliefs and Behaviors of Future African-American Business Professionals

With the increasing diversity of the workforce, the ethical standards of business students are a major concern to business educators and employers. The main concern is the differing ethical perceptions of workers. Since individuals come from different cultural and sub-cultural environments, there is little agreement on basic ethical issues relating to the performance of the job. Indeed, businesses face a growing challenge in instilling ethical behavior in the workplace (Burns, 1993). Because an individual's ethical perceptions are believed to be formed in his or her childhood environment, it is assumed that workers' ethical perceptions will reflect their culture or subculture and their future behavior in the workplace (Berkman and Gilson, 1986). Some studies (England, 1975; Tat, 1981; Tsalikis and Nwachukwu, 1988) have concluded that business practices considered ethical by the white culture in the United States are not necessarily viewed as such by the black culture. The difference in ethics, according to Tat "may be the type of environment under which the two groups (black and white) of students were raised" (1981: 215). Today's African-American business students are tomorrow's business employee, managers, and administrators. It is, therefore, important to understand their ethical beliefs and behaviors. How ethical are they? What
In Vitro Stent Endothelialization

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is one of the major causes of morbidity that affects approximately 10 million people in the US. PAD is caused by atherosclerosis, which causes hardening and narrowing of the artery. It is hypothesized that, PAD reduces the Endothelial Cells (EC) ability to function optimally, and eventually leading to disease initiation and clinical complications. The preferred method of treatment of PAD is stent placement, which is a minimally invasive procedure. Bare Metal Stent can lessen the rate of restenosis by preventing elastic recoil and cell growth. However, in-stent restenosis remains one of the major drawbacks of this procedure. Drug-Eluting Stents (DES) has proven to be effective in reducing the risk of late restenosis, and also to reduce the growth of endothelial cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a benchtop model to study the impact of stents on EC growth and confluency. Briefly, silicone tubes with arterial geometry and similar mechanical compliance were created and were prepared for cell seeding. A stent was deployed inside the scaffold, the balloon was inflated to the appropriate pressure. The inner surface of the tubes was then seeded with rat aortic ECs. The bioreactor was then placed inside an incubator for a period of 48 hours. The result demonstrated that ECs successfully attached to the inner surface of the scaffold and around stent. This system can be potentially used to examine EC growth and consequently their responses to DES.
Feasibility of a Team Approach to Complex Congenital Heart Defect Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Early Experience of a Combined Cardiology/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Follow-Up Program

Infants with complex congenital heart disease are at high risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, implementation of dedicated congenital heart disease follow-up programs presents important infrastructure, personnel, and resource challenges. We present the development, implementation, and retrospective review of 1- and 2-year outcomes of a Complex Congenital Heart Defect Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up program. This program was a synergistic approach between the Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Follow-Up teams to provide a feasible and responsible utilization of existing infrastructure and personnel, to develop and implement a program dedicated to children with congenital heart disease. Trained developmental testers administered the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 over the phone to the parents of all referred children at least once between 6 and 12 months' corrected age. At 18 months' corrected age, all children were scheduled in the Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit Follow-Up Clinic for a visit with standardized neurological exams, Bayley III, multidisciplinary therapy evaluations and continued follow-up. Of the 132 patients identified in the Cardiothoracic Surgery database and at discharge from the hospital, a total number of 106 infants were reviewed. A genetic syndrome was identified in 23.4% of the population. Neuroimaging abnormalities were identified in 21.7% of the cohort with 12.8% having visibly severe insults. As a result, 23 (26.7%) received first-time referrals for early intervention services, 16 (13.8%) received referrals for new services in addition to their existing ones. We concluded that utilization of existing resources in collaboration with established programs can ensure targeted neurodevelopmental follow-up for all children with complex congenital heart disease.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Integrated Delivery Systems: The Role of Market Forces

This article proposes a framework for the study of the effects of market forces on health promotion and disease prevention (HP/DP) in integrated delivery systems (IDSs). We describe the evolution of IDSs in the United States and review the limited research on the extent to which IDSs have integrated HP/DP. We propose a typology of HP/DP activities that provides a comprehensive model of the types of HP/DP services and functions that an IDSs may incorporate. Finally, we identify and discuss the major market stages through which IDSs are transitioning, and within each market stage we identify the major forces that may influence IDS decisions to incorporate HP/DP services.
MR imaging of a novel NOE-mediated magnetization transfer with water in rat brain at 9.4 T.

Purpose To detect, map, and quantify a novel nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE)-mediated magnetization transfer (MT) with water at approximately −1.6 ppm [NOE(−1.6)] in rat brain using MRI. Methods Continuous wave MT sequences with a variety of radiofrequency irradiation powers were optimized to achieve the maximum contrast of this NOE(−1.6) effect at 9.4 T. The distribution of effect magnitudes, resonance frequency offsets, and line widths in healthy rat brains and the differences of the effect between tumors and contralateral normal brains were imaged and quantified using a multi-Lorentzian fitting method. MR measurements on reconstituted model phospholipids as well as two cell lines (HEK293 and 9L) were also performed to investigate the possible molecular origin of this NOE. Results Our results suggest that the NOE(−1.6) effect can be detected reliably in rat brain. Pixel-wise fittings demonstrated the regional variations of the effect. Measurements in a rodent tumor model showed that the amplitude of NOE(−1.6) in brain tumor was significantly diminished compared with that in normal brain tissue. Measurements of reconstituted phospholipids suggest that this effect may originate from choline phospholipids. Conclusion NOE(−1.6) could be used as a new biomarker for the detection of brain tumor. Magn Reson Med 78:588–597, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy

Sixty-one members of a large Spanish kindred with autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), spanning 5 generations, were examined at the Hospital Vail d’Hebron, Barcelona and other centers.
Influence of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Precursor Cells on a Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Co-Culture In Vitro Angiogenesis Assay.

Abstract To assess in vitro angiogenesis, cellular co-culture assays have been utilized to study adherence, spreading, differentiation and proliferation, and migration of endothelial cells. Formation of tubule or capillary-like networks is influenced by the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) but other factors provided by cell sources and/or direct contact with multiple cell types may facilitate this formation. The hypothesis of this study is that umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) may influence the formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tubule structures during angiogenesis. Methods: UCB-derived EPCs were isolated from CD133negative cells after a 7-day culture on human fibronectin in EGM-2 media. Tubule formation was evaluated (passage 1–2, 20 x 103 or 2 x 103 cells) by adding HUVECs without or with EPCs to cultures of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) under normoxic (20%) conditions (37°C, 5% CO2, containing VEGF, epidermal growth factor, FGF, insulin-like growth factor, heparin, hydrocortisone, and ascorbic acid in EGM-2 medium) for a 2-week period. HUVECs were added to cultures without or with labeling with Vybrant® CM-DiI which allows the temporal observation of tubule formation progress and cellular incorporation. Final tubule formation was confirmed using a primary anti-CD31 (PECAM) antibody followed by a FITC-conjugated secondary antibody for signal amplification. Results: After 2–4 days, linear aggregates of labeled HUVECs (2-D arrangement) were observed. After 14 days, there was remodeling of HUVECs into the development of a 3D network of linear and branched tubule structures. EPCs facilitated the formation of tubules affecting both the extent of tubule formation and also enhanced proliferation of HUVEC cells. A minority ( Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of cord blood-derived EPCs facilitate tubule formation and development via a heterotypic cell-cell interaction without integrating into the angiogenic structures. Further studies will evaluate the secretion of cytokines and growth factors.
Representation of Isotropic Turbulence by Scalar Functions

The maximum number N(n) of scalar functions of wavevector needed to represent the general cumulant of order n of isotropic turbulence is determined. In addition to reproducing the known results that N(2) = 1, N(3) = 2, it is shown that N(4) = 4, N(5) = 4, N(6) = 9, etc.
Transplantation without Growth Factor. Engraftment Kinetics Following Stem Cell Transplantation for Primary Systemic Amyloidosis.

INTRODUCTION The use of growth factors filgrastim and sargramostim are associated with often dramatic degrees of fluid retention in patients with amyloidosis who have coexistent cardiac involvement or nephrotic syndrome. Significant degrees of fluid retention can complicate the post transplant management of patients with AL receiving high dose chemotherapy. We report outcomes in a cohort of amyloidosis patients who received no growth factor support post transplant. PATIENTS AND METHODS 283 consecutive patients seen for stem cell transplant are included in this cohort. In order to be considered evaluable for engraftment the patient must have survived for 30 days or was excluded from analysis. All patients had biopsy verified AL. Patients also had to have visceral organ dysfunction in order to be eligible for stem cell transplant with a minimum of one visceral organ involved. RESULTS Among 283 patients transplanted, 244 were evaluable for engraftment. There were 145 men (59%). Renal involvement was present in 163 (67%), cardiac involvement by echocardiography in 47%, hepatic involvement in 16%, and peripheral nerve involvement in 11%. The median age was 56.6 years (range 33–73). The median time from diagnosis of amyloidosis to stem cell transplantation was 4.2 months. A neutrophil count of 500/uL was achieved in 50%, 75%, and 90% of the total group at 14, 16, and 22 days respectively (figure 1). A platelet count of 20,000/uL was achieved in 50%, 75%, and 90% of patients at 14, 19, and 28 days respectively (figure 2). A platelet count of 50,000/uL was achieved in 50%, 75%, and 90% of patients at 18, 28, and 52 days respectively. The median time spent in the hospital for the entire cohort 9 days. 46 of the patients (19%) completed the entire procedure as an outpatient. 75% of patients were discharged within 18 days and 90% were discharged within 32 days. 137 patients were blood culture negative throughout the entire procedure (56%). A blood culture was positive in the remaining 107 patients. 68 of these 107 contained a culture for Staph. coagulase negative. 39 (16%) had bacteremia associated with other organisms. CONCLUSION Transplantation of patients with amyloidosis without using growth factor is feasible. The median time to achieve neutrophil and platelet counts of 500 and 20,000/uL respectively is 14 days. It is reasonable to withhold growth factor from AL patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.
Student associations and entrepreneurial intentions

ABSTRACTDrawing on Ajzen’s (1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (2): 179–211) theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurship education (EE) theory, this article examines the role of student associations in developing students’ entrepreneurial intentions (EI) at early educational stages. This study addresses the scarcity of research on extracurricular activities and on early university experiences of EE and their influence on EI. Based on survey data collected from 237 first-year undergraduate business school students and a partial least squares analysis, we provide empirical evidence on the value of student associations in increasing the EI of first-year students through their impact on entrepreneurial attitudes, which are instrumental in the formation of EI. The results have important implications both for educational practice and for public and private organizations interested in promoting entrepreneurship. They support the value of including ...
Fabrication of Polylactide/Carbon Nanopowder Filament using Melt Extrusion and Filament Characterization for 3D Printing

In this study, less expensive mesoporous nano carbon (NC) infused in polylactide (PLA) thermoplastic filaments were fabricated to improve the electrical properties and maintaining sufficient streng...
Ultrastructure of Myodocopid Shells (Ostracoda)

Based on the study of scanning electron micrographs of cross-sections of ostracod shells representing 17 species in genera of the suborders Cladocopina, Halocypridina, and Myodocopina, five primary components are identified in the endocuticle: 1—laminate, 2—columnar, 3—fine granular, 4—coarse granular, 5—homogeneous. Crystalline nodules, rare in vivo, but common in preserved specimens, are considered to represent a secondary component. Preliminary experimentation with sun-dried shells of Vargula hilgendorfii indicates that crystalline nodules form in 10% buffered formalin, a commonly used preservative of plankton. Examination of two growth stages of this species suggests the same general combination of components during ontogeny. Pelagic species of Gigantocypris, Halocypris, Conchoecia, and Macrocypridina have laminate endocuticles, but the pelagic Codonocera polygonia has both laminate and coarse granular components in the endocuticle. Benthonic species may have only one or a combination of any of the five components, but not more than four components in a species.
Analysis of Means--A Graphical Procedure

The methods of analysis described in this article are an extension of Shewhart control chart techniques. They tend to encourage the design of experiments and are an effective method of presenting the findings. They involve dealing directly with means in..
An experts algorithm for transfer learning

A long-lived agent continually faces new tasks in its environment. Such an agent may be able to use knowledge learned in solving earlier tasks to produce candidate policies for its current task. There may, however, be multiple reasonable policies suggested by prior experience, and the agent must choose between them potentially without any a priori knowledge about their applicability to its current situation. We present an "experts" algorithm for efficiently choosing amongst candidate policies in solving an unknown Markov decision process task. We conclude with the results of experiments on two domains in which we generate candidate policies from solutions to related tasks and use our experts algorithm to choose amongst them.
Beneficial Effects of School-based Mindfulness Training On Impulsivity in Healthy Adolescents: Results From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Since impulsivity is associated with unhealthy behaviors in adolescents, interventions targeting impulsivity could positively affect such behaviors. Whether integrating mindfulness training (MT) into standard school-based health education could improve impulsivity is unknown. Purpose To obtain preliminary estimates of effect of MT integrated in standard high school health education on impulsivity. Methods Two high schools in Massachusetts were randomized to school-based health education plus MT (HE-MT) or to health education plus attention control (HE-AC). The outcome was change in impulsivity at end of treatment (EOT) and 6 months after EOT. Results Students (n = 53; 30 HE-MT, 23 HE-AC) were on average 14.5 years old and 40% belonged to ethnic minorities. Compared to the control condition, HE-MT had significant effects on impulsivity at EOT (beta = −9.7; SE = 3.8, p = 0.01), while smaller, non-significant differences were seen 6 months after EOT. Conclusion This rigorous pilot study suggests that MT could have a beneficial effect on impulsivity in adolescents. Improvements in impulsivity could have important implications should future larger studies show that such improvements result in healthier behaviors.
Measles Seroprevalence and Vaccine Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an additional dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy following immune reconstitution. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize available evidence regarding measles seroprevalence and measles vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety in HIV-infected adolescents and adults to provide the evidence base for recommendations on the need for measles vaccination. Methods We conducted searches of 8 databases through 26 September 2017. Identified studies were screened independently by 2 reviewers. Results The search identified 30 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Across studies, measles seroprevalence among HIV-infected adolescents and adults was high (median, 92%; 27 studies), with no significant difference compared to HIV-uninfected participants (10 studies). In 6 studies that evaluated the immunogenicity of MCVs among seronegative HIV-infected adults, measles seropositivity at end of follow-up ranged from 0% to 56% (median, 39%). No severe adverse events were reported following measles vaccination in HIV-infected patients. Conclusions Based on similar measles seroprevalence between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescents and adults, and the low response to vaccination, these studies do not support the need for an additional dose of MCV in HIV-infected adolescents and adults. These findings support WHO guidelines that measles vaccine be administered to potentially susceptible, asymptomatic HIV-infected adults, and may be considered for those with symptomatic HIV infection if not severely immunosuppressed. Measles-susceptible adolescents and adults, regardless of HIV status, may require targeted vaccination efforts to reach critical vaccination thresholds and achieve regional elimination goals.
Fast super/subcritical fluid chromatographic enantioseparations on superficially porous particles bonded with broad selectivity chiral selectors relative to fully porous particles.

Abstract Superficially porous particles (SPPs) have shown advantages in enantiomeric separations in HPLC by conserving selectivity while providing higher efficiency separations with significantly reduced analysis times. The question arises as to whether the same advantages can be found to the same extent in super/subcritical fluid chromatography. In this work, the low viscosity advantage of carbon dioxide/MeOH mixtures is coupled with high-efficiency 2.7 μm superficially porous particles for enantiomeric separations. Given the fact that the viscosity of the mobile phase is typically ten times lower than liquid mobile phases it is possible to use flow rates as high as 14 mL/min on 5 cm packed columns. Superficially porous particles (SPPs) were grafted with teicoplanin (TeicoShell), a chemically modified macrocyclic glycopeptide (NicoShell), vancomycin (VancoShell), and isopropyl derivatized cyclofructan-6 (LarihcShell-P). One hundred chiral analytes were separated in a very short time frame, as little as 0.2 min (13 s). Even shorter separations can be obtained with advances in SFC instrumentation. The LarihcShell-P is the only chiral crown ether-based selector which showed high selectivity for primary amines. The Teicoshell column offered unique separations for acidic and neutral analytes. The NicoShell and the VancoShell were useful in separating amine (secondary and tertiary) containing pharmaceutical drugs and controlled substances. By chemically modifying a macrocyclic glycopeptide (NicoShell) we report the first enantiomeric separation of nicotine under SFC conditions within 3 min with a resolution of >3. Additionally, van Deemter plots are constructed comparing the fully porous particles and superficially porous particles bonded with the same chiral selectors. In toto the SPP advantages also were found for SFC. However instrumental shortcomings involving extra column effects and pressure limitations need to be addressed by instrument manufacturers to realize the full advantages of SPPs and other smaller particle supports.
Linguistic Shifts: A Relatively Effortless Route to Emotion Regulation?:

Prior research indicates that psychological distance facilitates emotion regulation. Here, we propose that the ability to transcend one’s immersed perspective may be hidden in plain sight, within t...
Deregulation and the Assault on Science and the Environment.

The quality of the environment is a major determinant of the health and well-being of a population. The role of scientific evidence is central in the network of laws addressing environmental pollut...
In Vitro Study on Smart Stent for Autonomous Post-Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Surveillance

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is an established and reliable surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), where a covered stent is implanted to prevent blood flow in the aneurysm sac. Although current EVAR is an effective technique, it requires long-term monitoring for the post-operative complications (e.g., endoleak, stent occlusion), which usually requires expensive radiologic imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this paper, we present an accessible and continuous post-EVAR surveillance scheme by developing a smart stent that features ultrasonic powering, blood flow sensing, and integrated wireless electronics. As the body of the smart stent, a piezoelectric membrane with a custom pore architecture is utilized. The benefits of the embedded pore architectures include the expansion and contraction to comply with a minimally invasive procedure and enhanced ultrasonic powering and sensing capability. The smart stent is able to expand up to 112% in diameter when stretched due to the negative Poisson’s ratio. The ultrasound generates 0.23 mW of electrical power, which can sufficiently operate a low power wireless electronics. A comprehensive operation of the smart stent is demonstrated in vitro . The integrated flow sensor can measure blood flow ranging between 30 mL/min to 980 mL/min with an average sensitivity of 0.11 mV/mL/min. The wireless electronics transmit and receive such blood flow rate data by modulating the carrier frequency from 81 to 88 MHz from 1 m away. The developed smart stent prototype is the first step towards minimizing post-EVAR complications by providing early and frequent access to diagnostic information to patients and physicians.
Relationship between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and SUVmax in 18F-FDG PET in cancer patients

1237 Background: Radiogenomics is an evolving field that links radiologic and genomic data. 18F-FDG PET/CT is commonly used for cancer imaging, with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) as the main quantitative parameter. Tumor mutational burden (TMB), the quantitative variable obtained using next-generation sequencing on a tissue biopsy sample, is a putative immunotherapy response predictor. We report the relationship between TMB and SUVmax, linking these two important parameters. Methods: In this pilot study, we analyzed 1923 patients with diverse cancers and available TMB values. Overall, 273 patients met our eligibility criteria in that had no systemic treatment prior to imaging/biopsy, and also had 18F-FDG PET/CT within 6 months prior to the tissue biopsy, to ensure acceptable temporal correlation between imaging and genomic evaluation. Results: We found a linear correlation between TMB and SUVmax (p
The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) in school-age children with Down syndrome at low risk for autism spectrum disorder.

Background and aimsLittle is known about how autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms present in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Some behaviors may be symptomatic of comorbid ASD or more broadl...
Framework for Extracting and Characterizing Load Profile Variability Based on a Comparative Study of Different Wavelet Functions

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the electric power system is changing traditional power flow and analysis studies. DERs may cause the systems’ protection and control equipment to operate outside their intended parameters, due to DERs’ variability and dispatchability. As this penetration grows, hosting capacity studies as well as protection and control impact mitigation become critical components to advance this penetration. In order to conduct such studies accurately, the electric power system’s distribution components should be modeled correctly, and will require realistic time series loads at varying temporal and spatial conditions. The load component consists of the built environment and its load profiles. However, large-scale building load profiles are scarce, expensive, and hard to obtain. This article proposes a framework to fill this gap by developing detailed and scalable synthesized building load profile data sets. Specifically, a framework to extract load variability characteristics from a subset of buildings’ empirical load profiles is presented. Thirty-four discrete wavelet transform functions with three levels of decomposition are used to extract a taxonomy of load variability profiles. The profiles are then applied to modeled building load profiles, developed using the energy simulation program EnergyPlus®, to generate synthetic load profiles. The synthesized load profiles are variations of realistic representations of measured load profiles, containing load variabilities observed in actual buildings served by the electric power system. The paper focuses on the framework development with emphasis on variability extraction and application to develop 750 synthesized load profiles at a 15-minute time resolution.
Measuring the rebound effect: A case study of residential photovoltaic systems in San Diego

Abstract This study examines the effect of solar photovoltaic system installation on the electricity consumption in residential households across various geographic regions in San Diego. Using meter-level data, the electricity consumption for residential households is calculated before and after installation to assess whether there are any significant rebound effects in usage. Results reveal significant variations in the change in electricity usage depending on geographical location. The findings are relevant to regional resource planning and climate response, as the failure to account for the rebound effect may result in significant overestimation of the energy and emissions benefits of distributed renewable energy adoption.
Northern Light: Do Optimal Currency Area Criteria Explain Nordic Reluctance to Join EMU?

Finland was the only Nordic country to join the European Monetary Union (EMU) when it began on January 1, 1999. In the autumn of 1994, the voters of Sweden and Finland decided to join the European Union (EU), while those in Norway decided to remain outside. In Denmark, the voters had earlier decided not to join the single currency area but othewise remain a fully-integrated member of the EU. Denmark, however, maintains the option of having another voter referendum. The government of Sweden decided on a similar course, in essence reneging on the commitment made when voters accepted the Maastricht Treaty, by announcing in Spring 1997 that it would not be among the first group of EU countries forming monetary union.39 Only Finland committed to EMU membership at the outset.
Left Epicardial vs. Best-site Right Ventricular Transvenous Pacing in Congenital Heart Block Patients: Ventricular Function Comparisons using 2 D Speckle Imaging

Background: Pacemaker implantation is recommended in symptomatic patients with congenital complete heart block (CHB) with either an epicardial (epi) or transvenous (TV) approach depending on patient age / size. However, there is a paucity of data on updated left ventricle (LV) functional indices between the two approaches. Objective: Our aim was to compare LV function using speckle strain imaging in patients with LV Epi vs. best site right (R) TV pacing Methods: This was a single center, retrospective study of patients with isolated CHB …
Clinical risk factors, emotional reactivity/regulation and suicidal ideation in elementary school-aged children.

Abstract Objective Suicidal behavior (SB) in young children is rare yet in 2019, suicide was the fifth leading cause of death in 5-12-year-old youth. Understanding the risks associated with childhood suicidal ideation (SI) and SB will determine which factors should be targeted for prevention programming. This study examined clinical characteristics and emotional reactivity/regulation (ERR) in children with (SI+) and without (SI-) SI. Method One hundred seventeen children, 6–9 years, and one biological parent were enrolled. Children completed interviews concerning SI/SB and parents completed interviews/self-reports about SI/SB, psychiatric distress, and history of abuse/neglect and their child's SI/SB, mental health, and ERR. Independent t-tests and Chi-square analyses using Bonferroni correction were conducted to examine SI group differences. Variables were then screened using forward stepwise logistic regression to determine association with SI + status. The final logistic regression included variables that survived screening procedures only. Results Univariate analyses revealed SI + children were more likely to have a parental history of suicide attempt (PH+), higher rates of current psychotropic medication use, higher scores on the CBCL-DSM oriented scales (e.g., ADHD problems), and higher negative affect compared to SI- children. After analytic screening procedures, PH+, anxiety problems, ADHD problems, and anger survived. The final logistic regression revealed PH + status and anxiety problems were associated with SI + status. Conclusion Long-term follow-up is needed to determine if these factors are predictive of a first-time suicide attempt in this at-risk group.
Audience Sensemaking: A Mapping Approach

How do audiences understand today’s high-choice media environment? This study focuses on the beginning stages of the sensemaking process and how audiences group, differentiate, and give meaning to ...
Unsteady dynamics in the streamwise-oscillating cylinder wake for forcing frequencies below lock-on

Forcing a cylinder in the streamwise direction with a frequency much lower than the stationary shedding frequency significantly alters wake dynamics. During certain portions of the forcing cycle the wake resembles that of a stationary cylinder, while in others it exhibits strong unsteadiness. Although a range of flow phenomena are observed, it is shown that a novel time scaling framework can be used to relate the forced and unforced systems.
Social Media in Medicine: A Podium Without Boundaries.

Social media has become increasingly popular not only in everyday personal life, but in the field of medicine as well. With more than 1.28 billion people worldwide using Facebook and 255 million using Twitter, social media has become intertwined with the personal and professional lives of physicians
A low-power 6-b integrating-pipeline hybrid analog-to-digital converter [Bluetooth transceiver applications]

This paper presents a novel low-power 6 bit ADC architecture for Bluetooth transceivers. It utilizes sequentially staged 3-bit integrating converters with interleaved sample and hold circuits. The characteristics of this architecture as well as areas that could lead to even more efficient devices are discussed. The device consumes 5.88 mA of current, 14.7 mW of power at a sampling rate of 50 MSamples/s, has an INL and DNL of 0.3 and 0.5 LSB, SNR of 36.6 dB, THD of 43.75 dB, and SFDR of 47.98 dB. Our architecture represents a 3.8 times improvement in power consumption, or a sampling rate with higher precision, compared to previously reported 6 bit implementations. An experimental prototype was simulated in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS, with a supply voltage of 2.5 V.
The role of FXR in the regulation of phase-I drug metabolizing gene expression during mouse liver maturation (1141.1)

The functions of most Phase-I drug metabolizing enzymes are not mature at birth, and their expression changes during liver maturation. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is critical for bile acid and lipid...
The Problem of Subject Access to Visual Materials

This article discusses the problem of giving subject access to works of art. We survey both concept-based and content-based access by computers and by indexers/catalogers respectively, as well as issues of interoperahiity, database and indexer consistency, and cataloging standards. The authors, both of whom are trained art historians, question attempts to mystify fine art subject matter by the creation of clever library science systems that are executed by the naive. Only when trained art historians and knowledgeable catalogers are finally responsible for providing subject access to works of art, will true interoperability and consistency happen.
Structural genomics – expanding protein structural universe

Structural Genomics has emerged as a multidisciplinary and international effort to expand the universe of protein folds by rapidly determining novel structures. This initiative takes advantage of the genome sequencing projects and technological advances in genomic analysis, molecular biology, proteomics, and structural biology. The international Structural Genomics efforts were initiated, in part, to achieve a more rapid understanding of sequence/structure relationships with the ultimate goal to make it feasible to predict an accurate 3D protein structure on the basis of sequence alone, and to elucidate novel biological function directly from primary genomic sequence. A number of Structural Genomics centers have been established to test and improve existing and develop new technologies. These centers developed the protein structure determination pipelines that include target selection, gene cloning and expression, protein and crystal production, structure determination, and structural and functional analysis. These pipelines are capable of determining hundreds of novel protein structures. Structural Genomics is rapidly expanding the universe of protein folds, creating new reagents, comprehensive libraries of expression clones, and databases for broad use. New high-throughput technologies supported by robotics and automation in molecular biology, protein expression, purification, crystallization, and structure determination are being disseminated to the public and, therefore, contribute to the acceleration of new discoveries in biology. Ultimately, Structural Genomics will become a major component of and contributor to the next structural biology challenge – visualization of all major subcellular macromolecular assemblies of the cell. Keywords: structural genomics; genome annotation; protein folds; synchrotron radiation; high-throughput methods; function prediction; automation; robotics in biology