cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave spectrum of 2-chloropyridine

Abstract The microwave spectrum of 2-chloropyridine, C 5 H 4 NCl, has been studied in the frequency range from 26.5–40.0 GHz. The spectrum is characterized by strong parallel type transitions of a near-prolate asymmetric top. The assigned transitions have been used to evaluate the ground state rotational constants of the two chlorine isotopes. The rotational constants are (in MHz): A = 5872.52, B = 1637.83, C = 1280.48 for the 35 Cl isotopic species and A = 5872.16, B = 1591.76, C = 1252.17 for the 37 Cl isotopic species. The small inertial defect indicates the molecule is planar. In addition an excited vibrational state of C 5 H 4 N 35 Cl has been observed and analyzed. The chlorine quadrupolar coupling constants were determined for the ground state and are: χ aa = −71.9 MHz for 35 Cl and χ aa = −54.9 MHz for 37 Cl. By assuming the pyridine ring structure the CCl bond length is found to be 1.72 A.
Role of kidney biomarkers of chronic kidney disease: An update

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive pathological condition marked by deteriorating renal function over time. Diagnostic of kidney disease depend on serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate which is detectable when kidney function become half. The detection of kidney damage in an early stage needs robust biomarkers. Biomarkers allow monitoring the disease progression at initial stages of disease. On the onset of impairment in cellular organization there is perturbation in signaling molecules which are either up-regulated or down-regulated and act as an indicator or biomarker of diseased stage. This review compiled the cell signaling of different kidney biomarkers associated with the onset of chronic kidney diseases. Delay in diagnosis of CKD will cause deterioration of nephron function which leads to End stage renal disease and at that point patients require dialysis or kidney transplant. Detailed information on the complex network in signaling pathway leading to a coordinated pattern of gene expression and regulation in CKD will undoubtedly provide important clues to develop novel prognostic and therapeutic strategies for CKD.
Microcalorimetric and Reaction Kinetic Studies of Alkali Metals on Pt Powder and Pt/SiO2 and Pt/Sn/SiO2 Catalysts

Microcalorimetric measurements of CO adsorption at 403 K on reduced Pt powder gave an initial heat of 140 kJ/mol and a saturation CO coverage of 30 μmol/g Pt. The addition of metallic Rb and Cs to Pt increased the initial heats of CO adsorption by 20 and 40 kJ/mol and extended the CO adsorption capacity to 110 and 60 μmol/g Pt, respectively. The increase in CO adsorption capacity is caused by formation of an alkali−CO complex at 403 K, with an interaction heat near 120 kJ/mol. Microcalorimetric measurements of CO adsorption at 403 K on Pt/SiO2 (0.85 wt % Pt) and Pt/Sn/SiO2 (2.61 wt % Pt) catalysts showed initial heats of 140 and 130 kJ/mol and saturation CO coverages of 25 and 65 μmol/g, respectively. The addition of K, Rb, and Cs salts (1:5 atomic Pt/alkali) to Pt/SiO2 followed by treatment in H2 at 773 K did not alter the properties of these materials for CO adsorption at 403 K or for reactions with isobutane at 673 K. In contrast, the addition of Na and Cs salts (1:3 atomic Pt/alkali) to Pt/Sn/SiO2 sig...
Overcoming the Effect of the Summation-Node Parasitic Pole in an Analog Equalizer

In a conventional analog adaptive forward equalizer (FE), parasitic capacitance introduces an undesired RC pole at the output node of the equalizer. At high data rates, this pole can introduce intersymbol interference (ISI) that degrades performance. This paper considers the effect of the parasitic pole and presents two approaches to deal with the parasitic pole. The first approach uses an extra tap in the FE; the second uses chopping. Also, the filtered-x LMS (FX-LMS) algorithm is used to allow the equalizer to adapt and correct for the parasitic pole. Implementations of the FX-LMS algorithm and the chopper technique are presented. The conventional and new architectures and various adaptation algorithms are compared via simulation.
Calculation of the monthly-average transmittance-absorptance product

A method is presented for estimating the ratio of the monthly average transmittance-absorptance product for a solar collector surface to the value of this product for normal incidence. Theoretical and experimental determinations of the (direct) beam component contribution to the transmittance-absorptance product are discussed. A calculation of the monthly average daily solar radiation per unit area absorbed on a collector plate is given for the Madison, Wisconsin climate. (SPH)
Institutional Racism and Sentencing Disparities for Cocaine Possession

Abstract With the advent of the Reagan-Bush years came the contemporary “war on drugs” and a mounting drug frenzy that has had a profound impact on the lives of black men in American society. Connections between race and drug use are nothing new. At one time or another, many racial and ethnic groups in this country have been victimized by being linked as a group to some type of illicit drug use. Most recently, such links can be seen in the 1986 and 1988 federal legislation regarding cocaine possession. In 1986, the U.S. Congress for the first time established minimum mandatory sentences for federal cocaine offenses. While initially the legislation applied to trafficking, it was extended to simple possession in 1988. The critical element was a distinction between crack and powder cocaine, and societal images of which racial groups use which form of the drug and beliefs about violence involved with crack cocaine. This paper is an effort to document the role of institutional racism in the making and implemen...
Do The Bsri and Paq Measure the Same or Different Concepts

The present article assesses Frable's (1989) contention that the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) measures only desirable instrumental and expressive characteristics, whereas the Bem Sex Role inventory (BSRI) measures gender schema and related gender concepts. Comparison of the two instruments indicates, first, that they are similar in content and that the parallel M and F scales are substantially correlated. Further, the results obtained with the two instruments in three areas (self-esteem, sex-role attitudes, and gender-schematic processing) suggest that both are valid measures of desirable instrumental and expressive traits. Sexrole attitudes, however, tend to have small and typically nonsignificant relationships with both sets of scales, whereas few studies of gender schematic processing have produced replicable results even with the BSRI. However, Bem and her associates have reported positive results using other designs that have yet to be replicated using either the BSRI or the PAQ. Thus, in response to Frable's (1989) assertion, it seems at best premature to come to any conclusion about whether one, both, or neither of the questionnaires measure broad gender constructs.
4-MANIFOLDS WITH LARGE SYMMETRY GROUPS

The restriction to non-abelian Lie groups avoids the difficult problem of classifying 4manifolds with S’ or T ‘-actions [3,4,9-l 11. (It is well known that any 4-manifold with an effective T “-action, n 2 3, is T 4 or St x L, where L is a lens space.) This paper thus reduces the general classification problem for closed, orientable 4-manifolds with a compact Lie group G of symmetries to the cases G = S’ or T2. In $1 we show that one need only consider actions of SU (2) or SO (3), and the well known subgroup structure of these two groups is recalled. A complete equivariant classification of SU (2) and SO(3)-actions on 4-manifolds (including the non-orientable case) is given in 9 2. The codimension 1 case is taken largely from the second author’s thesis [ 123. The final section gives the topological classification in the orientable case. This leaves open the non-orientable case, where the situation seems quite interesting and more intricate (cf. [13] for the codimension 1 case). We plan to take this up in a sequel to this paper. We shall work in the smooth category. B” will denote the n-ball, s” the n-sphere, and P” the real projective n-space. The reader is referred to Bredon’s book [l] for the basic definitions and theorems of transformation groups.
Quinone–amine polymers. VI. Syntheses and solubilities of several cooligomers (paqs) produced by reacting two diamines with p‐benzoquinone

The solubilities of some polyamine–;quinone oligomers (PAQs) derived from various diamines were found to be incredibly low. Ethylene-diamine–p-benzoquinone products were insoluble in all 34 solvents used in assessing solubilities of polymers. Syntheses of copolymers/cooligomers of an amine yielding insoluble product with another that produces highly soluble amine were attempted. The increase in the solubilities of these copolymers/cooligomers as well as their appearances suggest that it is possible to produce PAQs from two different diamines.
Substance over form in auditing and the auditor's position of public trust

Abstract Auditors are placed by society in a special position of public trust. In their public role auditors are required to base their opinions on the substance rather than the form of the transactions underlying accounting numbers. An argument using the economics of trust (implicit contract theory) is constructed to show why it is required by society that auditors opine on substance. Forces exist, however, that deflect the auditor from fulfilling his or her public role into a “rule-dominated” practice in which substance is neglected. An empirical study confirms that auditors neglect substance and perceive little exposure to litigation in doing so. It is concluded that if auditors continue on their current path, their legitimacy before society will eventually erode to nothing.
The “Silhouette” sign in urinary tract calculi. Experimental demonstration

A simple experiment is described to demonstrate the ‘Silhouette’ sign in urinary tract calculi. This sign is helpful in the differentiation between intraluminal and extraluminal calcifications along the urinary tract, and especially in the bladder.
3D Reconstruction of the Left Ventricle From Four Echocardiographic Projections

The left ventricle (LV) of a human heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the body via the aortic valve. Characterizing the LV geometry, its motion, and the ventricular flow is critical in assessing the heart’s health. An automated method has been developed in this work to generate a three-dimensional (3D) model of the LV from multiple-axis echocardiography (echo). Image data from three long-axis sections and a basal section is processed to compute spatial nodes on the LV surface. The generated surfaces are output in a standard format such that it can be imported into the curvilinear-immersed boundary (CURVIB) framework for numerical simulation of the flow inside the LV. The 3D LV model can be used for better understanding of the ventricular motion and the simulation framework provides a powerful tool for studying left ventricular flows on a patient specific basis. Future work would incorporate data from additional cross-sectional images.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Deficiencies of the ferricinium-ferrocene redox couple for estimating transfer energies of single ions

The difference between the partial molal entropies of ferrocene and ferricinium\((\bar S_{{\text{Fc}}}^{\text{0}} - \bar S_{{\text{Fc}}^{\text{ + }} }^{\text{0}} )\) has been determined in nine solvents from the temperature dependence of the formal potential of the ferricinium-ferrocene redox couple using a nonisothermal electrochemical cell arrangement in order to probe possible structural reasons for the limitations of the ‘ferrocene assumption’ for estimating the transfer thermodynamics of single ions between different solvents. In contrast to the uniformly small positive values of\((\bar S_{{\text{Fc}}}^{\text{0}} - \bar S_{{\text{Fc}}^{\text{ + }} }^{\text{0}} )\) predicted by the Born model, the experimental quantities varied widely from small or even negative values in hydrogen-bonded solvents (−5 to 3 e.u.) to substantially larger values (11–14 e.u.) in dipolar aprotic media. These variations appear to arise chiefly from additional solvent ordering in the vicinity of the ferricinium cation compared to the ferrocene molecule which is enhanced in the aprotic solvents. The variations in\((\bar S_{{\text{Fc}}}^{\text{0}} - \bar S_{{\text{Fc}}^{\text{ + }} }^{\text{0}} )\) between water and a number of nonaqueous solvents provide a predominate contribution to the differences between the free energies of single ion transfer calculated using the ferrocene and alternative extrathermodynamic assumptions.
Aqueous treatment of single-walled carbon nanotubes for preparation of Pt–Fe core–shell alloy using galvanic exchange reaction: Selective catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction over methanol oxidation

Abstract We have demonstrated a new, cost effective synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotube supported Pt–Fe core–shell alloy catalyst (Pt–Fe/SWNT) for the direct methanol fuel cell using galvanic exchange reaction. The Pt–Fe/SWNTs have shown much larger Pt active surface area (150 m 2 /g-Pt) than the commercial catalyst (54 m 2 /g-Pt). Furthermore, four-fold enhancement of catalytic activity of the Pt–Fe/SWNTs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been observed. This catalyst has also demonstrated its tolerance to methanol in ORR.
Extradigital glomus tumour

We report a case of an extradigital glomus tumour found in the forearm. A review of the literature suggests that extradigital glomus lesions in the upper limb may be more common than they are thought to be.
New time-frequency approach for weak-chirp-signal detection

Several methods have been proposed to detect chirp signals buried in white noise, including wavelet shrinkage and matching pursuits. However, most of these methods perform poorly when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) becomes very low (e.g. lower than 0 dB). In this work, we present a new time-frequency technique using the multi-window Fourier transform (MWFT) and local maximum indexing. The new method detects the location and frequency range of a chirp signal with SNR up to minus 6 dB.
The infrared spectrum of perfluoro 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (CF2NF)3

Abstract The infrared spectrum of (CF 2 NF) 3 in the region 300–3000 cm −1 , is interpreted in terms of a structure with C 3 v symmetry (the ring in chair form) in which the N-fluorines are equatorial. The envelopes of perpendicular bands show effects of Coriolis coupling expected in an oblate rotor.
Clinical Impact of Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Blood Culture Isolates

Abstract The results of a rapid, direct blood culture disk susceptibility test indicated that antimicrobial chemotherapy should be changed in 48 of 173 patients with bacteremia. In 32 patients (66.6%), the indicated change was made approximately 24 h sooner than if conventional, nonrapid susceptibility tests had been used to guide therapy.
Three-Dimensional finite element mesh generation using delaunay tesselation

A new method of three-dimensional finite element mesh generation is presented in this paper. The method is based on an extension of the Delaunay triangulation algorithm to three dimensions, Using the mesh generator, problems are defined by means of simple three-dimensional solid modeling commands. Mesh generation is performed automatically from the objects entered. Various two and three-dimensional Delaunay mesh generation algorithms are also compared and insights to robust mesh generation provided.
Pneumatosis intestinalis of the small bowel

Abstract Primary pneumatosis intestinalis occurs most frequently in the colon of adults and is usually cystic. This condition is relatively benign, and frequently resolves spontaneously. Pneumatosis intestinalis of the small intestine of infants is nearly always secondary to a serious underlying disease of the gastrointestinal tract. In the premature infant, it is usually associated with an underlying necrotizing enterocolitis. Small intestinal involvement, in the adult, is associated with a variety of conditions, many of them serious. The distribution of the gas is usually linear. Air in the portal system is a grave prognostic sign and generally indicates intestinal necrosis. An example of survival of a patient with gas in the portal system is reported.
Effect of urophysial homogenates on plasma ion levels in Gillichthys mirabilis (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Abstract In seawater-acclimated Gillichthys mirabilis, 2 and 4 hr after receiving an intraperitoneal injection of Gillichthys urophysial homogenate (two urophyses per fish), plasma sodium, magnesium, and chloride levels were significantly greater than those observed following a saline injection. When sodium and magnesium levels were measured in injected urophysectomized fish, similar increases were noted. No differences were observed in plasma potassium or calcium or in hematocrit between fish receiving saline and those receiving the urophysial homogenate. No differences were observed between urophysectomized and sham-operated fish in plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium or in hematocrit 1, 3, 7, or 14 days postoperatively. Transection of the spinal cord at the level of the seventh or eighth preterminal vertebra had no effect on plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium compared with sham-operated fish 14 days postoperatively. These findings demonstrate an effect of urophysial factor(s) on osmotic and ionic regulatory mechanisms in a euryhaline marine teleost.
Laser recrystallization of polycrystalline silico in recessed structures

The pulsed-laser recrystallization of polysilicon in recessed structures, consisting of a silicon film deposited on a patterned oxide layer on a heat sink, is investigated for the first time. The different thermal environments created by the recess area, when compared to those outside this area, causes the recessed silicon to cool first. The different cooling rates in the continuous silicon film creates lateral temperature gradients, producing large elongated grains. Additionally, the recessed structure can lead to different film microstructures within the recessed area compared to outside this area. This structure is therefore capable of grain engineering different microstructures for polysilicon.
Obesity in social media: a mixed methods analysis

The escalating obesity rate in the USA has made obesity prevention a top public health priority. Recent interventions have tapped into the social media (SM) landscape. To leverage SM in obesity prevention, we must understand user-generated discourse surrounding the topic. This study was conducted to describe SM interactions about weight through a mixed methods analysis. Data were collected across 60 days through SM monitoring services, yielding 2.2 million posts. Data were cleaned and coded through Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, yielding popular themes and the most retweeted content. Qualitative analyses of selected posts add insight into the nature of the public dialogue and motivations for participation. Twitter represented the most common channel. Twitter and Facebook were dominated by derogatory and misogynist sentiment, pointing to weight stigmatization, whereas blogs and forums contained more nuanced comments. Other themes included humor, education, and positive sentiment countering weight-based stereotypes. This study documented weight-related attitudes and perceptions. This knowledge will inform public health/obesity prevention practice.
Compressible inviscid instability of rapidly expanding spherical material interfaces

A high-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme is employed to investigate the stability of a rapidly expanding material interface produced by a spherical shock tube. The flow structure is characterized by a forward moving primary shock, a backward moving secondary shock, and a spherical contact interface in-between. We consider herein the linear inviscid regime and focus on the development of the three-dimensional perturbations around the contact interface by solving a one-dimensional system of partial differential equations. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the effects of the contact interface's density discontinuity on the growth of the disturbances for various spherical wave numbers. In a spherical shock tube the instability is influenced by various mechanisms which include classical Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) effects, Bell-Plesset or geometry/curvature effects, the effects of impulsively accelerating the interface, and compressibility effects. Henceforth, the present instability will be referred to as non-classical RT instability to distinguish it from classical RT instability. For an extended intermediate time period, it can be shown that the small disturbances grow exponentially as in the classical RT instability. During this stage, the exponential growth rate increases with the spherical wave number, until it saturates for very large wave numbers due to the finite thickness limitation of the numerical representation of the contact interface. The results compare favorably with previous theoretical models; but indicate that in addition to compressibility, the space-time evolution of the contact interface's thickness plays a significant role. A parametric study is performed that varies the pressure and density ratios of the initial spherical container. The characteristics of the contact interface and the applicability of various instability theories is investigated for these regimes. Furthermore, varying the pressure and density ratios aids in understanding significance of compressibility effects on the instability at different operating conditions.
The Effects of Coronary Angioplasty on Nitroglycerin‐Induced Augmentation of Regional Myocardial Blood Flow

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) may improve coronary vasomotor responses after relief of flow limiting luminal narrowings. To evaluate the effects of PTCA on nitro-glycerin-induced augmentation of coronary blood flow, great cardiac vein (thermodilution) blood flow and systemic hemodynamic responses to low (50 meg) and high (200 meg) dose intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) before and after PTCA were measured in 20 patients undergoing left anterior descending artery (LAD) balloon dilatation. Before PTCA, low dose NTG increased great vein flow 44 ±31% (from 56 ± 21 to 81 ± 33 mL/min, P < 0.01). High dose NTG increased great vein flow 55 + 30% (56 ± 23 to 87 ± 38 mL/min, P < 0.01). PTCA reduced LAD stenosis (79 ± 13 to 20 ± 9%, P < 0.01) and translesional pressure gradient (49 ± 10 to 15 ± 13 mmHg, P < 0.01) increasing post-PTCA basal great vein flow 45% (56 ± 21 mL/min to 81 ±27 mL/min, P < 0.01). After PTCA, low dose NTG increased great vein flow only 26 ± 23% (81 ± 27 to 101 ± 39mL/min, P < 0.01; P < 0.05 versus 44 ± 31% before PTCA). The high dose NTG-induced coronary hy-peremic responses were unchanged after PTCA (55 ± 30, 55 ± 34%, P = ns). When compared to dose related NTG hyperemic responses in 10 patients with normal LAD, the post-PTCA responses remained attenuated. These data indicate that NTG-induced augmentation of coronary blood flow remains unchanged or attenuated and does not appear to be improved by PTCA. These findings should be considered when evaluating pharmacological coronary blood flow responses after PTCA. These data also suggest that epicardial coronary resistance plays a limited role in NTG-induced augmentation of coronary blood flow inpatients with atherosclerotic coronary disease. (J Interven Cardiol 1988:1:2)
Variational boundary conditions for the spherical harmonics approximation to the neutron transport equation

Abstract It is shown that the monoenergetic neutron transport equation and the associated boundary conditions can be characterized by a Lagrangian. A proper choice of the trial function for this Lagrangian leads to the widely used spherical harmonics approximation as the Euler-Lagrange equations. Further, a set of boundary conditions for the spherical harmonic equations is the result of the logical application of the variational method. These variational boundary conditions appear to be significantly more accurate than the boundary conditions presently in general use. For example, the use of the variational boundary conditions at a free surface reduces the error (compared with the boundary conditions presently used) in the linear extrapolation distance for the Milne problem by several factors. In particular, the P -1 (diffusion) approximation yields a value of 0.7071 (in units of mean free paths) and the P -3 approximation yields a value of 0.7118, both comparing quite favorably with the exact value of 0.7104.
A study of low-cost sensors for measuring low relative humidity

Abstract The performance of low-cost commercially available polymeric humidity sensors has been compared to that of prototype thick- and thin-film polymer-based sensors that will be optimized for improved performance at low relative humidity (RH). The commercially available humidity sensors examined include polymeric capacitive and resistive types. The prototype sensors utilize both thick- and thin-film interdigitated electrodes, on quartz and ceramic substrates, with polyimide sensing films. Both capacitive and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensing mechanisms have been studied for the thin-film structure. The commercial capacitive microsensors have a linear response in the range 5–95% RH. The resistive sensors are non linear, but the signal-conditioning circuit can be modified for improved sensitivity in a particular RH range. The prototype thick-film sensor has a non-linear response, while the response of the thin-film prototype sensor is comparable to that of the commercial capacitive microsensors. The SAW sensor has the potential for higher sensitivity than the commercial capacitive microsensors, but is less linear.
MARKETS VS. MANAGEMENT: WHAT ‘DRIVES’ PROFITABILITY?

This study addresses the issue of the relative degree of variance in ROA accounted for by industry, corporate, and SBU effects while controlling for the business cycle and the interaction between the business cycle and industry. Two key articles, Schmalensee (1985) and Rumelt (1991), are discussed in detail. Research results on a recent data base (COMPUSTAT), using variance components analysis (VARCOMP) are presented that not only confirm most of the Rumelt (1991) findings, but also suggest the existence of a corporate effect, heretofore undetected.
Cylindrical shells subject to uniform bending moment around an elliptic hole

Abstract A theoretical analysis is presented for the membrane and bending stresses around an elliptic hole in an infinitely long, thin circular cylindrical shell. The major axis of the elliptic hole is taken to be perpendicular to shell axis. The shell is loaded by a uniformly distributed bending moment around the elliptic cutout. The method of solution involves perturbation in a curvature parameter. The results obtained are valid if the hole is small in size compared to the radius of the cylindrical shell. Expressions for the stresses at the tip of a circumferential and axial crack are also presented.
Localization Based on Building Recognition

Navigational capabilities of people in urban areas are to a large extent determined by their knowledge of current location. In addition to location information available by means of global positioning sensors, images can provide additional and often complementary information about relative position and/or viewpoint of the person with respect to some known landmarks. In order to enable such functionality, landmarks (e.g. buildings) have to be reliably and efficiently recognized. In this paper we describe a hierarchical approach for recognition of buildings. At the first stage, we use a novel and efficient representation named localized color histograms. This representation enables efficient retrieval of a small number of candidate matches from the database. At the second stage, the recognition is refined by matching descriptors associated with local image regions. Once the correct building is identified, the relative pose with respect to the building is recovered. The proposed approach is validated by extensive experiments, with images taken in different weather conditions, seasons and with different cameras.
Simulation of waveform interactions for interference analysis of military networks

Efficient use of spectrum requires an accurate determination of interference effects. In this paper, we introduce a Radio to Radio (R2R) factor that quantifies the interference effects of one radio waveform on another based on multiple waveform properties instead of solely on intermediate frequency (IF) signal power. The R2R factor is formulated as a dimensionless correction term in the victims communication link budget. The factor provides an effective interference margin in the link budget, taking into account modulation schemes, frequency offset, and power offsets of the intended source of communication (“victim”) and the interferer. For a specified set of modulation parameters we simulate a scenario where the victim signal is interfered by the interferer signal. The interfered victim signal is then demodulated by the intended receiver in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The sent and received data streams are compared to determine a bit error rate (BER) induced by the interference. This BER is then mapped to an effective signal to noise and interference ratio that produces the same BER in an AWGN channel. The R2R factor is then the difference between this effective signal to noise and interference ratio and the actual signal to noise and interference ratio of the communication link. In this paper we demonstrate how the R2R factor may be computed, and show examples for several cases of victim and interferer modulations.
Navigating risk: Lessons from the dockside sex trade for reducing violence in South Africa’s prostitution industry

The diversity of South Africa’s prostitution industry exposes sex workers to varying levels of violence. The street, truck stop, hotel, agency, brothel, and dockside trades are characterized by different structural features that determine the prevalence of client, police, and third-party abuse against prostitutes. Comparing the structural elements of each sector allows not only gauging the likelihood of violence within a given niche but also devising more precise policy instruments to reduce violence at an industry-wide level. This article focuses on the dockside prostitution sector, showing how its structural features enhance the women’s power vis-a-vis their clients and discussing 5 key variables that influence the likelihood of violence: the social and legal status of the client, the location of the negotiation, the location of the sexual act, the level of discretion in the solicitation process, and the role of third-party involvement. Detailed policy recommendations conclude the argument.
Some general relationships for flicker noise in MOSFETs

Abstract A general relationship is derived for the spectral intensity Stg(f) of flicker noise in MOSFETs caused by fluctuations δN in the number of carriers in a section Δx of the channel. Various previous theories follow as special cases. If the device is uniform, the noise intensity at arbitrary drain bias Vd can be expressed in terms of the noise intensity for V d ⋍ 0 .
Design of parallel transmission radiofrequency pulses robust against respiration in cardiac MRI at 7 Tesla.

Purpose Two-spoke parallel transmission (pTX) radiofrequency (RF) pulses have been demonstrated in cardiac MRI at 7T. However, current pulse designs rely on a single set of B1+/B0 maps that may not be valid for subsequent scans acquired at another phase of the respiration cycle because of organ displacement. Such mismatches may yield severe excitation profile degradation. Methods B1+/B0 maps were obtained, using 16 transmit channels at 7T, at three breath-hold positions: exhale, half-inhale, and inhale. Standard and robust RF pulses were designed using maps obtained at exhale only, and at multiple respiratory positions, respectively. Excitation patterns were analyzed for all positions using Bloch simulations. Flip-angle homogeneity was compared in vivo in cardiac CINE acquisitions. Results Standard one- and two-spoke pTX RF pulses are sensitive to breath-hold position, primarily due to B1+ alterations, with high dependency on excitation trajectory for two spokes. In vivo excitation inhomogeneity varied from nRMSE = 8.2% (exhale) up to 32.5% (inhale) with the standard design; much more stable results were obtained with the robust design with nRMSE = 9.1% (exhale) and 10.6% (inhale). Conclusion A new pTX RF pulse design robust against respiration induced variations of B1+/B0 maps is demonstrated and is expected to have a positive impact on cardiac MRI in breath-hold, free-breathing, and real-time acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 74:1291–1305, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bush reversal of CO2 pledge draws heated reaction

Chairing a march 14 hearing of the House of Representatives Science Committee on the science of global warning, U.S. congressman Sherwood Boehlert (R-N.Y.) commented on President George W. Bush's reversal the previouse day of a campaign pldege to regulate carbon dioxide from electric power generating plants.
Dexmedetomidine/ketamine for diagnostic cardiac catheterization in a child with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension

The use of a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine to provide procedural sedation in a 12-year old boy with a diagnosis of idopathic pulmonary hypertension and a behavioral disorder, undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization, is presented. Following a loading dose of ketamine one mg/kg and dexmedetomidine one mcg/kg, an infusion of dexmedetomidine at one mcg/kg/hr was used with the patient breathing spontaneously. Stable hemodynamics were observed throughout the procedure and pulmonary vascular resistance was measured under three conditions. The dexmedetomidine infusion was continued for two hours post-catheterization, facilitating a smooth emergence.
6.4.2 Predicting Structural Change in Environmental Systems: a Complement to Model-based Forecasting

Simulation models are commonly employed for predicting both the impacts of natural stressors and the outcomes of anthropogenic actions on the environment. Such model-based forecasting depicts a forward approach to environmental systems analysis. This paper presents a complementary backward approach that uses prescribed future scenarios to identify the dominant components of the modeled system. In particular, two Monte Carlo methods for uncertainty analysis – namely, Regionalized Sensitivity Analysis (RSA) and Tree-Structured Density Estimation (TSDE) – are applied in detecting structural change between observed past and speculated future ecological behavior in a small southeastern US Piedmont reservoir (Lake Oglethorpe, GA). Results indicate that sediment-water-nutrient interactions are key elements of structural change that distinguish between the past and future scenarios analyzed. General implications for predicting structural change in environmental systems are discussed.
"Normative content" and health inequity enculturation: a logic model of men's health advocacy.

Epidemiologic studies and related literature consistently report that males have fewer years of life expectancy than females. Moreover, males experience fewer quality years of life in that they tend to live with greater rates of morbidity such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes among other conditions. Causal evidence traditionally highlights the role of biology in determining the life course for males. However, emerging literature suggests that social determinants of health play a more central role in male morbidity and mortality, and thus contribute to health inequities between the sexes. The purpose of this article is to explore core concepts of social determinants of health as they pertain to male health inequities and provide a systematic conceptualization of how society has become encultured to view these inequities as “normative.” Strategies to improve male health are discussed using a logic model to illustrate male health advocacy in the face of the social climes of encultured health inequities.
Biologic Effects of Tumor Embolization

The biological effects of tumor embolization are complex. Effects can be classified as local which are a direct consequence of ischemia in the target organ and systemic due to the release of chemical mediators by the target organ and the embolic agent/chemotherapy. The biological effects will depend on many interrelated factors including the target tissue, the goal of the embolization, and the choice of the embolic agent and technique used.
Using Partial Die in Radial Zone Analysis

In this paper, we identify the methodology for characterization of edge die defects by introducing inspection of partial die, zonal analysis and describing the process flow to determine the root cause of unique edge defects.
A boosting ensemble for the recognition of code sharing in malware

Research and development efforts have recently started to compare malware variants, as it is believed that malware authors are reusing code. A number of these projects have focused on identifying functions through the use of signature-based classifiers. We introduce three new classifiers that characterize a function’s use of global data. Experiments on malware show that we can meaningfully correlate functions on the basis of their global data references even when their functions share little code. We also present an algorithm that combines existing classifiers and our new ones into an ensemble for correlating functions in two binary programs. For testing, we developed a model for comparing our work to previous signature based classifiers. We then used that model to show how our new combined ensemble classifier dominates the previously reported classifiers. The resulting ensemble can be used by malware analysts when they are comparing two binaries. This technique will allow them to correlate both functions and global data references between the two and will lead to a quick identification of any sharing that is occurring.
Effect of independent changes in mixed-venous PCO2 or PO2 on cardiac output in anesthetized sheep.

To determine whether changes mixed-venous PCO2 or PO2 affect cardiac output independent of changes in arterial blood gases, we used extracorporeal gas exchange to increase mixed-venous PCO2 or decrease mixed-venous PO2 in adult sheep. Sheep were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and connected to a veno-venous extracorporeal circuit. The circuit included a gas exchanger which was used to increase mixed-venous PCO2 or decrease mixed-venous PO2; the native lungs were ventilated to maintain arterial PCO2 and PO2 at control levels. When mixed-venous PCO2 was increased by 32% above control levels for a period of 60 min, cardiac output increased significantly to 28% above control levels. Cervical vagotomy abolished this response. In contrast, decreasing mixed-venous PO2 by 29% did not increase cardiac output. These results demonstrate that increasing mixed-venous PCO2 can increase cardiac output independent of changes in arterial blood gases and that intact vagus nerves are necessary for this response to occur.
Vegetation effects on fecal bacteria, BOD, and suspended solid removal in constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable alternative for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater in areas with landscape limitations, poor soil conditions, and high water tables, which limit installation of full-scale adsorption fields. Existing information on the effects of macrophytes on treatment performance is contradictory and mostly derived from greenhouse mesocosm experiments. This study investigated the removal efficiency of fecal bacteria, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) in 12 constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent from single household domestic wastewater in Kentucky. The wetlands were monoculture systems planted to cattails (Typha latifolia L.) or fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), polyculture systems planted with a variety of flowering plants, and unplanted systems. Influent and effluent samples were taken on a monthly basis over a period of 1 year and analyzed for fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), BOD and TSS. The findings suggested no significant differences (P B/0.05) in the average yearly removal of fecal bacteria (� /93%) between systems, with the vegetated systems performing best during warmer months and the unplanted systems performing best during the winter. The vegetated systems showed significantly greater (P B/0.05) removal efficiencies for BOD ( � /75%) and TSS ( � /88%) than the unplanted systems (63 and 46%, respectively) throughout the year. Overall, the polyculture systems seemed to provide the best and most consistent treatment for all wastewater parameters, while being least susceptible to seasonal variations. The performance of the cattail systems may improve by harvesting the plants at the end of the growing season, thus reducing additional BOD and TSS inputs from decaying biomass litter. The fescue systems were generally inferior to the polyculture and cattail systems because of their shallow rooting zone and limited biofilm surface area, while the unplanted systems were completely inefficient for BOD and TSS removal and should not be recommended. # 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Variable inhibition of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by atropine in subjects with asthma

To determine whether treatment with atropine causes dose-dependent inhibition of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, we constructed dose-response curves to inhaled histamine after inhalation of placebo and 0.26 and 2.08 mg of atropine in eight subjects with mild asthma. Both doses of atropine significantly inhibited histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, and 2.08 mg caused significantly greater inhibition than 0.26 mg. Baseline specific airway resistance was significantly reduced by both doses of atropine but was no different after 2.08 mg than after 0.26 mg. There were considerable differences in the efficacy of atropine among individuals. We conclude that atropine causes dose-dependent inhibition of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and that this effect is not merely a function of the atropine-induced in baseline airway caliber. The large magnitude of the atropine effect in some subjects and the small magnitude of the effect in others suggest that there is variability in the degree of involvement of muscarinic mechanisms in the exaggerated bronchomotor response to histamine in asthmatic subjects.
A 15-mW 7-GHz inductorless transimpedance amplifier and a 1-THz+ GBP limiting amplifier for 10GbE optical receivers

An inductorless 10 Gb/s optical receiver including a novel transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with dual feedback loop and a limiting amplifier (LA) with third-order nested feedback is presented. The current-buffer based TIA employs an active Cherry-Hooper (CH) stage in the auxiliary amplifier and reuses the tail current source to achieve 10 Gbps operation in the presence of a 1pF photodiode input capacitance. The use of nested feedback in the four stage limiting amplifier enables a gain-bandwidth-product (GBP)>1THz without the use of area-consuming inductors. Implemented in IBM 130nm CMOS technology, the optical receiver achieves a BER<10−12 at 10 Gbps for an input current of 30 µA, delivering 600 mV p-p at the output of the 50 Ω buffer. Optical testing confirmed a −13.8 dBm sensitivity for a data rate of 7.5 Gbps, mainly limited by the 850nm source used for measurement. The receiver dissipates 108mW from a 1.2V supply, while occupying a core area of only 0.08 mm2.
A Global Ocean-Atmosphere Climate Model. Part II. The Oceanic Circulation

Abstract A numerical experiment has been carried out with a joint model of the ocean and atmosphere. The 12-level model of the world ocean predicts the fields of horizontal velocity, temperature and salinity. It includes the effects of bottom topography, and a simplified model of polar pack ice. The numerical experiment allows the joint ocean-atmosphere model to seek an equilibrium over the equivalent of 270 years in the ocean time scale. The initial state of the ocean is uniform stratification and complete rest. Although the final temperature distribution is more zonal than it should be, the major western boundary currents and the equatorial undercurrent are successfully predicted. The calculated salinity field has the correct observed range, and correctly indicates that the Atlantic is saltier than the Pacific. It also predicts that the surface waters of the North Pacific are less saline than the surface waters of the South Pacific in accordance with observations. The pack ice model predicts heavy ice i...
Optimal precoding design for non-regenerative dual-hop correlated relaying MIMO

The optimal precoding design to maximise capacity of spatially correlated dual-hop non-regenerative multiple-input–multiple-output relaying systems is proposed. The correlated systems generally have additive coloured Gaussian noise at receive terminals and correlated data symbols at the source. Simulation results show that the capacity of the proposed precoding scheme is significantly higher than those of the existing schemes.
The Role of Counseling in Infertility

Sixty-two couples with infertility received infertility counseling along with the infertility investigation and treatment. At the end of the study a questionnaire was sent to all patients in order to evaluate the incidence of psychologic symptoms associated with their infertility and their response to counseling. The study confirmed the presence of a high incidence of emotional symptomatology in the self-selected patients. It showed that male partners are also affected, but less so. Finally, it has demonstrated that infertility counseling serves to enhance the quality of life in many patients who have become the victims of their "infertility crises."
An evaluation of complementary approaches to elucidate fundamental interfacial phenomena driving adhesion of energetic materials

Abstract Cohesive Hamaker constants of solid materials are measured via optical and dielectric properties (i.e., Lifshitz theory), inverse gas chromatography (IGC), and contact angle measurements. To date, however, a comparison across these measurement techniques for common energetic materials has not been reported. This has been due to the inability of the community to produce samples of energetic materials that are readily compatible with contact angle measurements. Here we overcome this limitation by using physical vapor deposition to produce thin films of five common energetic materials, and the contact angle measurement approach is applied to estimate the cohesive Hamaker constants and surface energy components of the materials. The cohesive Hamaker constants range from 85 zJ to 135 zJ across the different films. When these Hamaker constants are compared to prior work using Lifshitz theory and nonpolar probe IGC, the relative magnitudes can be ordered as follows: contact angle > Lifshitz > IGC. Furthermore, the dispersive surface energy components estimated here are in good agreement with those estimated by IGC. Due to these results, researchers and technologists will now have access to a comprehensive database of adhesion constants which describe the behavior of these energetic materials over a range of settings.