cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polyphosphates as sources of phosphorus for plants

Polyphosphates vary in their rates of hydrolysis and degree of sorption by soil constituents, which could affect the efficiency of P recovery from these compounds by plants. In this study, four linear oligophosphates (P2, P3, P15, and P45) and one cyclic polyphosphate (trimetaphosphate) were tested in greenhouse experiments for their ability to supply P to plants, compared with that of the conventional P source, orthophosphate (P1). Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and corn (Zea mays) were used as the indicator plants. Ryegrass was grown on four Iowa soils (Clarion, Webster, Primghar, and Ida), treated at the rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg P kg−1 soil (1.8 kg of soil pot−1) and harvested four times at 30-day intervals. The soils of the control pots were recovered, repotted (150 g pot−1), and seeded with corn after treatment with polyphosphates at the same rates as given. The corn plants were harvested after 35 d. With all P sources, dry matter yield and P yield increased with increasing rates of P application for both ryegrass and corn. Statistical analysis (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) of P yields of ryegrass and corn grown in soils amended with the various P sources indicated that there were no P compounds that consistently showed significantly greater amounts of P recovery in plant tissue. Considering all the P sources and rates of P application, dry matter yield was significantly correlated (exponentially) with P uptake by ryegrass from all four soils. The dry matter yield of corn was significantly correlated (linearly) with rates of P application with all P sources, indicating that the effectiveness of a unit of P taken up by plants in increasing the dry matter yield was similar among the polyphosphates and the conventional P fertilizer, orthophosphate. Measurements of extractable P (Bray-Kurtz I on the acid Clarion, Webster, and Primghar soils and Olsen's test on the alkaline Ida soil) upon completion of each experiment indicated that the residual P effects were similar among the P compounds after the short cropping period with corn (35 days) and the long cropping period with ryegrass (120 days).
Applications of laser interferometry

Many industrial processes require non-contact sensors for various reasons, including high temperature, moving parts, hostile environment or simply the necessity for remoteness. This paper present a review of our recent research and development on the measurement of out-of-plane displacement by four laser optical methods. These are: (1) a point displacement method at 30 Hz, (2) a shearographic fringe imager in the kHz frequency range, (3) a double probe interferometer for time-of-flight measurements in the low MHz frequency range, and (4) Fabry-Perot speckle interferometer for measurement of relative displacement amplitude also in the low MHz range. Each of the methods is presented in the context of an industrial application.
Equal Opportunity, Market Preference and Voter Turnout: An Analysis of the 1996, 32000, and 2004 U.S Presidential Elections

This article examines how the American political tradi tion both constrains and enables voter turnout in United States presidential elections. Specifically I examine the impact of the American Creed, defined as the intersection of beliefs in equal opportunity, market preference, and individual responsibility, on voter turnout. Using data from the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Ameri can National Election Surveys, I develop a unified vote choice model and test it using multinomial logistic regression. While the idea that people will choose to vote when theyfeel strongly about an issue or value is intuitive, my findings show that the American Creed acts as "master frame, " or "lens, " that both constrains and enables turnout by limiting the "acceptable" motivations to vote. Specifically, I find that support for equality increases Democratic turnout but has no effect on Republican turnout. Similarly, support for market preferences increases Republican turnout but has no effect on Democratic turnout. I close with a discussion of the implications on the health of U.S. democracy, and the importance of including the choice of abstention in vot ing behavior research.
Friendships in Later Life: Definitions and Maintenance Patterns:

This study examined the meaning and maintenance of friend relationships in later life. The sample consisted of forty-one males and seventy-four females, sixty years of age or older. Participants were asked a series of open-ended questions regarding their past and present relationships with their friends. While older men and women tended to agree on the characteristics of a friend, gender differences emerged when they were asked to differentiate between a “friend” and a “close friend.” Older women were more likely to consider friends made earlier in their lives as still part of their friend network than were older men. Perceptions of current involvement with friends also differed depending upon the gender of the respondent. Discussion centered on the definition of friends in later life and gender differences found in maintenance patterns.
Certification of Algorithm 708: significant-digit computation of the incomplete beta

Algorithm 708 (BRATIO) was run on 2730 test cases. Comparison of these results with the results from an algorithm using a continued fraction of Tretter and Walster were performed using a high-precision version of the latter algorithm implemented in Maple. Accuracy of BRATIO ranged from 9.64 significant digits to a full machine double-precision, 15.65 significant digits, with the lower value occurring when a was nearly equal to b, and a was large.
Coordinate control of cytoskeletal remodeling and calcium mobilization during T-cell activation

Ca(2+) mobilization and cytoskeletal reorganization are key hallmarks of T-cell activation, and their interdependence has long been recognized. Recent advances in the field have elucidated the molecular pathways that underlie these events and have revealed several points of intersection. Ca(2+) signaling can be divided into two phases: initial events leading to release of Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum stores, and a second phase involving STIM 1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) clustering and CRAC (calcium release activated calcium) channel activation. Cytoskeletal dynamics promote both phases. During the first phase, the actin cytoskeleton promotes mechanotransduction and serves as a dynamic scaffold for microcluster assembly. Proteins that drive actin polymerization such as WASp (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) and HS1 (hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1) promote signaling through PLCγ1 (phospholipase Cγ1) and release of Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum stores. During the second phase, the WAVE (WASP-family verprolin homologous protein) complex and the microtubule cytoskeleton promote STIM 1 clustering at sites of plasma membrane apposition, opening Orai channels. In addition, gross cell shape changes and organelle movements buffer local Ca(2+) levels, leading to sustained Ca(2+) mobilization. Conversely, elevated intracellular Ca(2+) activates cytoskeletal remodeling. This can occur indirectly, via calpain activity, and directly, via Ca(2+) -dependent cytoskeletal regulatory proteins such as myosin II and L-plastin. While it is true that the cytoskeleton regulates Ca(2+) responses and vice versa, interdependence between Ca(2+) and the cytoskeleton also encompasses signaling events that occur in parallel, downstream of shared intermediates. Inositol cleavage by PLCγ1 simultaneously triggers both endoplasmic reticulum store release and diacylglycerol-dependent microtubule organizing center reorientation, while depleting the pool of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, an activator of multiple actin-regulatory proteins. The close interdependence of Ca(2+) signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics in T cells provides positive feedback mechanisms for T-cell activation and allows for finely tuned responses to extracellular cues.
Phylogenetics, biogeography, and staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae).

 Premise of the study: The mint family (Lamiaceae) is the sixth largest family of fl plants, with the tribe Mentheae containing about a third of the species. We present a detailed perspective on the evolution of the tribe Mentheae based on a phylogenetic analysis of cpDNA and nrDNA that is the most comprehensive to date, a biogeographic set of analyses using a fossil-calibrated chronogram, and an examination of staminal evolution.  Methods: Data from four cpDNA and two nrDNA markers representing all extant genera within the tribe Mentheae were analyzed using the programs BEAST, Lagrange, S-DIVA, and BayesTraits. BEAST was used to simultaneously estimate phylogeny and divergence times, Lagrange and S-DIVA were used for biogeographical reconstruction, and BayesTraits was used to infer staminal evolution within the tribe.  Key results: Currently accepted subtribal delimitations are shown to be invalid and are updated. The Mentheae and all fi ve of its subtribes have a Mediterranean origin and have dispersed to the New World multiple times. The vast majority of New World species of subtribe Menthinae are the product of a single dispersal event in the mid-late Miocene. At least four transitions from four stamens to two stamens have occurred within Mentheae, once in the subtribe Salviinae, once in the subtribe Lycopinae, and at least twice in the subtribe Menthinae.  Conclusions: Worldwide cooling trends probably played a large role in the diversifi cation and present day distribution of the tribe Mentheae. Additional work is needed to ascertain relationships within some Mentheae genera, especially in the subtribe Menthinae.
Hourly and daily models of active layer evolution in arctic soils

Abstract For models to predict arctic ecosystems’ responses to climate change, it is important to first predict soil thermal responses. However, soil heat-budget models are generally too finely scaled and detailed to couple with large-scale biogeochemical models. Appropriate data sets to derive simple models capable of predicting active soil layer behavior on a time scale appropriate to biogeochemical models do not exist. One solution is to scale a highly detailed, physical heat model. The fine-scale predictions of this model can be aggregated to generate coarse-scale data, which can be used to derive an appropriately scaled model. We develop an hourly, spatially detailed model of soil temperature based on well-understood physical and biological processes and driven by detailed data. Under a range of environmental conditions, the hourly model predicts active layer behavior. From these predictions we construct a daily model that requires far fewer data about the climatic, environmental, and physical conditions to predict the volume of thawed soil over longer time scales.
The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among university men and women at different levels of athleticism

The aim of the current study was to establish norms for the Eating Disorder (ED) Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among competitive athletes and to explore the contribution of level of athletic involvement and gender to ED psychopathology, as measured by the EDE-Q. University students (n = 1637) from ten United States universities were recruited online via a social networking website and asked to complete an anonymous survey. The sample was then divided according to gender and level of sports participation. Females scored higher than males regardless of level of athleticism. Lower mean scores were frequently observed among those involved in competitive sports exclusively and highest scores among those involved in recreational sports (alone or in addition to competitive athletics). Recreational activity seems to be important in stratifying risk among competitive athletes; gender is an important interaction term in athletic populations.
Single-strand conformational polymorphisms (SSCP): Studies of the genetic polymorphisms of exon 4 of apolipoprotein C III

Abstract Objective: We used single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). To screen for mutations/polymorphisms in exon 4 of the apolipoprotein C III in 45 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and 46 control individuals, single-strand conformational polymorphism was investigated using restriction endonuclease and amplification refractory mutations systems (ARMS). Results: SSCP identified six patterns corresponding to six genotypes. We confirmed that the different genotypes result form the two polymorphic sites at positions 3175 and 3206 of the apo C III gene. Only three of four possible haplotypes were found in the study population. This resulted in the identification of 6 of the 10 possible genotypes. Conclusions: SSCP is a useful method to screen for both known and unknown mutations/polymophims and should have increassing applications in clinical laboratories involved with the study of genetic markets of a wide variety of diseases.
Laser-aided debonding of orthodontic ceramic brackets

The removal of ceramic brackets from the enamel surface by means of laser heating was investigated with the use of CO2 and YAG lasers. The two bracket types investigated were polycrystalline alumina and monocrystalline alumina. The average torque force necessary to break the adhesive between the polycrystalline ceramic brackets and the tooth was lowered by a factor of 25 when the brackets were illuminated with a CO2 laser beam of 14 watts for 2 seconds. All polycrystalline brackets debonded with the CO2 laser resulted in a complete bracket detachment without bracket failure. The average torque force needed to debond monocrystalline brackets was lowered by a factor of 5.2 when illuminated with a laser setting of 7 watts. Monocrystalline brackets cracked along the bracket slot in 2 of 10 cases. Debracketing without laser heating resulted in a slightly higher incidence of bracket failure (12 of 50). Nevertheless, no visible damage to the enamel surface was observed. Advantages of the laser-aided bracket-removal techniques include the following: The heat produced is localized and controlled; the debracketing tool is essentially "cold"; and the method can be used for removal of various types of ceramic brackets, regardless of their design.
Caspases, Bcl-2 proteins and apoptosis in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

the present study, the role of the “executioner” caspase-3 and the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic pro
Spectrochemical determination of strontium-to-calcium ratio in food, milk, cream, blood, feces, and urine of cows.

A d.c. carbon-arc spectrochemical method has been developed for the determination of strontium-to-calcium ratios in the food, milk, cream, blood, feces, and urine of cows. In this method sodium is added to the samples to produce uniformly enhanced and reproducible spectral lines in the range of 10−4 to 5 × 10−2 strontium-to-calcium ratio. Typical examples of analyses of the food and products of three cows are included, with a precision of ±12%
The change in trading activity on volatility and adverse selection component: evidence from ADR splits

Abstract We examine the change in volatility, adverse selection cost, and trading activity for all American Depository Receipts stock splits over the period of 1994–1999. We find higher return volatility, more trading activity (mainly small trades), and lower adverse selection cost post a split. Furthermore, our regression results suggest that the increase in volatility is mainly due to heightened trading activity, while the lower adverse selection cost is primarily the result of higher percentage of noise trading on split-up stocks.
Differential operators on orbifolds

An algorithm is presented that computes explicit generators for the ring of differential operators on an orbifold, the quotient of a complex vector space by a finite group action. The algorithm also describes the relations among these generators. The algorithm presented in this paper is based on Schwarz's study of a map carrying invariant operators to operators on the orbifold and on an algorithm to compute rings of invariants using Grobner bases due to Derksen [Derksen, Harm, 1999. Computation of invariants for reductive groups. Adv. Math. 141 (2), 366-384]. It is also possible to avoid using Derksen's algorithm, instead relying on the Reynolds operator and the Molien series.
Type-I Diode Lasers for Spectral Region Above 3 μm

In this paper, we consider the role of carrier confinement in achieving high-power continuous wave (CW) room temperature operation of GaSb-based type-I quantum-well (QW) diode lasers at wavelengths above 3 μm. The use of compressive strain and quinternary barrier materials to confine holes in the active QWs allows the fabrication of 3-μm GaSb-based type-I QW diode lasers operating at 17 °C in the CW mode with output power of 360 mW. We will present the results of characterization of 2.2-μm diode lasers grown on metamorphic virtual substrates. The use of InGaSb virtual substrate makes it possible to fabricate devices with As free QWs. The prospects of using virtual substrates for development of GaSb-based type-I lasers will be discussed.
Real-time small signal stability analysis of the power electronic-based components in contemporary distribution systems

Abstract Power Electronic-based Components (PECs) can provide excellent features such as, load regulation, high power factor, and transient performance, especially in the large scale distribution systems. Accordingly, contemporary power distribution systems or Power Electronic-based Distribution Systems (PEDS) are highly penetrated with the Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) as well as innovative PECs such as, Solid State Transformers (SSTs) and inverters. Therefore, they are prone to exhibit negative impedance instability in consequence of high power factor and constant-power nature of the individual components in the system. Thus, small-signal as well as large-signal stability assessments of the PEDS play prominent role in operational (real-time) stage of the systems analyses. In this paper new small-signal stability analysis technique is developed based on d − q impedance measurement and Nyquist criterion that is capable of investigating the systems’ small-signal stability in real-time. Furthermore, small-signal stability of a sample PEDS comprised from a SST connected to the source and variable load is investigated through the proposed method and with utilizing Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) platform.
RINSE: The Real-Time Immersive Network Simulation Environment for Network Security Exercises

The RINSE simulator is being developed to support large-scale network security preparedness and training exercises, involving hundreds of players and a modeled network composed of hundreds of LANs. The simulator must be able to present a realistic rendering of network behavior as attacks are launched and players diagnose events and try counter measures to keep network services operating. We describe the architecture and function of RINSE and outline how techniques like multiresolution traffic modeling and new routing simulation methods are used to address the scalability challenges of this application. We also describe in more detail new work on CPU/memory models necessary for the exercise scenarios and a latency absorption technique that will help when extending the range of client tools usable by the players.
An Exploration of the Relationship Between Criminal Cognitions and Psychopathy in a Civil Psychiatric Sample

The relationship between psychopathy and thinking styles that support and maintain a criminal lifestyle is examined using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995) and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS; Walters, 1995). These measures are administered to a sample of 75 patients recruited from a state psychiatric hospital in the northeastern United States. Correlational analyses indicate that the PICTS General Criminal Thinking, Self-Assertion/Deception factor scale, and several criminal thinking style scales are significantly related to psychopathy. The significantly associated criminal thinking scales include Entitlement (r = .44) and Superoptimism (r = .43) with Factors 1 and 2 of the PCL:SV, respectively. Multiple regression analyses reveal that these two criminal thinking scales are the strongest predictors of Factors 1 and 2 of the PCL:SV, respectively. Implications for the cognitive basis of the construct of psychopathy, as well as potential treatment interventions, are discussed.
Ion Thruster Thermal Characteristics and Performance

Experimental and analytical results for a typical 20-cm-diam, hollow-cathode ion thrustor are reported. The foundation of the investigation was the application of thermal model correction techniques. Pertinent thermal properties and plasma heating characteristics of the thrustor were determined through correlation and integration of temperature measurement data with a single-state Wiener-Kalman filter. The thrustor self-heating levels on various parts were realistically estimated. Analytically predicted temperatures were forced to agree with the measured values for the purpose of constructing a corrected thermal model, which could then be used to evaluate more realistic thrustor circumstances and environments. The expected accuracy of the resultant analytical network model was demonstrated to be plus or minus 10 K. Thrustor thermal performance data for a typical five-thrustor array are presented as functions of environmental solar intensities. The thermal analyses are also extended to a 30-cm thrustor system.
A Simplified, Practical Approach to Assessment of Severity of Mitral Regurgitation by Doppler Color Flow Imaging With Proximal Convergence: Validation With Concomitant Cardiac Catheterization

Objective To compare the proximal convergence method for quantification of mitral regurgitation with findings on concomitant left ventriculography. Material and Methods In 41 patients (22 men and 19 women, 63 ± 13 years of age), mitral regurgitation was evaluated concomitantly by Doppler color flow jet area, proximal convergence method, and left ventriculography. A simplified measurement of the proximal convergence, consisting of the aliasing radius and velocity of the proximal isosurface (r 2 × V), was used. Results Angiographic grade correlated well with the proximal convergence method (r 2 × V) but had poor correlation with the Doppler color flow jet area method. All patients with a proximal convergence flow rate of less than 10 cm 3 /s had grade 1 or 2 mitral regurgitation, whereas patients with a proximal convergence flow rate of more than 20 cm 3 /s had grade 3 or 4 mitral regurgitation. The severity of mitral regurgitation was indeterminate in patients with proximal convergence flow rates from 10 to 20 cm 3 /s. Conclusion Doppler color flow jet area correlates poorly with angiographic grade of mitral regurgitation. A simplified proximal convergence method is useful for separating grade 3 and 4 from grade 1 and 2 mitral regurgitation in most patients. A group of patients with indeterminate severity of mitral regurgitation remains, however, in whom further assessment is necessary.
Male pheromone protein components activate female vomeronasal neurons in the salamander Plethodon shermani

The mental gland pheromone of male Plethodon salamanders contains two main protein components: a 22 kDa protein named Plethodon Receptivity Factor (PRF) and a 7 kDa protein named Plethodon Modulating Factor (PMF), respectively. Each protein component individually has opposing effects on female courtship behavior, with PRF shortening and PMF lengthening courtship. In this study, we test the hypothesis that PRF or PMF individually activate vomeronasal neurons. The agmatine-uptake technique was used to visualize chemosensory neurons that were activated by each protein component individually. Vomeronasal neurons exposed to agmatine in saline did not demonstrate significant labeling. However, a population of vomeronasal neurons was labeled following exposure to either PRF or PMF. When expressed as a percent of control level labeled cells, PRF labeled more neurons than did PMF. These percentages for PRF and PMF, added together, parallel the percentage of labeled vomeronasal neurons when females are exposed to the whole pheromone. This study suggests that two specific populations of female vomeronasal neurons are responsible for responding to each of the two components of the male pheromone mixture. These two neural populations, therefore, could express different receptors which, in turn, transmit different information to the brain, thus accounting for the different female behavior elicited by each pheromone component.
Properties of single-walled carbon nanotube-based poly(phenylene vinylene) electroluminescent nanocomposites

Devices with varying concentrations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed in three derivatives of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) are prepared, and their electroluminescent properties evaluated. Increasing the concentration of SWNTs improves the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. However, an undesired increase in the electroluminescence (EL) turn-on voltage is observed for the hybrids, possibly due to photoluminescence quenching of excitons by the SWNTs. At relatively low concentrations of SWNTs, there is an increase in the EL lifetime; in contrast, at relatively high concentrations of SWNTs, due to photoluminescence quenching by the nanotubes, significant reduction in brightness and faster degradation of the EL performance of the devices is observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Androgen influence on cholesterogenic enzyme mRNA levels in the mouse meibomian gland.

Purpose: We tested our hypothesis that testosterone increases the meibomian gland gene expression of numerous enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Methods: Meibomian glands were obtained from castrated mice treated with vehicle or testosterone for 2 weeks. Tissues were processed for the analysis of selected mRNAs by real-time PCR. Results: Our research demonstrates that testosterone stimulates a significant increase in the mRNA levels of mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, squalene epoxidase, lanosterol synthase, lanosterol demethylase, and Δ 7-sterol reductase. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that androgens may promote cholesterol biosynthesis in the meibomian gland.
Cost Reduction of Inhaled Tobramycin by Use of Preservative-Free Intravenous Tobramycin Given via Inhalation

This study evaluates drug cost outcomes related to automatic therapeutic substitution of branded tobramycin solution for inhalation (TOBI®) with inhaled generic preservative-free intravenous tobramycin (PFIT). A retrospective single-center evaluation of inhaled tobramycin use from 2008 through 2012 was performed. Number of doses dispensed and acquisition costs were obtained. Hourly wage data was acquired, pharmacy production costs were estimated and total cost-savings calculated. Days of therapy (DOTs) were determined for each year. Quality assurance and safety data was collected. In 2008, TOBI® drug costs and doses dispensed were $118,665 and 1769, respectively. Following implementation of the interchange in May 2009, TOBI® utilization ceased. PFIT costs in 2010 through 2012 averaged $34,775 annually and TOBI® cost-avoidance exceeded $94,000 annually when accounting for pharmacy production costs, which were determined to be at most $5.28 per dose. The maximum estimated pharmacy production cost ranged from $8812 to $11,299 annually. PFIT doses dispensed exceeded 1650 each year and annual DOTs ranged from 815 to 1069. The 40-month savings were calculated to be $374,706. Quality assurance and safety data identified one patient who refused PFIT due to odor complaints and one patient who was inappropriately administered a dose orally. Therapeutic substitution of TOBI® with PFIT can produce immediate and sustained savings with an acceptable safety profile.
Issues in the design of database programming languages

This paper discusses two issues in the design of database constructs for programming languages. The first issue is whether records in a database correspond to records in a programming language or to a distinct type such as tuple. The second issue is what facilities are provided to define the interface between an application program and a database.The discussion below is based on our research on the RIGEL database programming language [Rowe 79, 80a]. RIGEL is a block-structured language with constructs for accessing relational databases, a module construct for data abstraction, and an exception-handling mechanism. The first implementation of the language has recently been completed and is being distributed.
Institutional and Self-Directed Support for Transitioning Faculty

This article identifies challenges instructors face transitioning to online teaching from face-to-face learning environments. Research shows many instructors lack administrative support, technical expertise, and peer-to-peer interaction. The authors discuss four strategies to support faculty in overcoming these transitional challenges. These institutional and self-directed supportive measures can lead to effective online instruction and career satisfaction.
Quantization and injective submodules of differential operator modules

Abstract The Lie algebra of vector fields on R m acts naturally on the spaces of differential operators between tensor field modules. Its projective subalgebra is isomorphic to sl m + 1 , and its affine subalgebra is a maximal parabolic subalgebra of the projective subalgebra with Levi factor gl m . We prove two results. First, we realize explicitly all injective objects of the parabolic category O g l m ( sl m + 1 ) of gl m -finite sl m + 1 -modules, as submodules of differential operator modules. Second, we study projective quantizations of differential operator modules, i.e., sl m + 1 -invariant splittings of their order filtrations. In the case of modules of differential operators from a tensor density module to an arbitrary tensor field module, we determine when there exists a unique projective quantization, when there exists no projective quantization, and when there exist multiple projective quantizations.
Newspapers and the Marketing Concept: An Exploratory Study of the Attitudes of Newsroom and Management Personnel

Since the humble beginnings of the first newspaper in the Colonies, Public Occurrences, established in 1690 by Benjamin Harris, most all of them have been guided in their operations by the social responsibility theory of the press. This notion is so basic and fundamental that it is unarguable in principle. However expressed, it means that the purpose of a newspaper is to report the news. To the professional journalist, it is much more than just a goal. It is a social responsibility based on the First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution. Perceived threats to this philosophical principle are met with fierce resistance in the streets and in the courts, but most often in the columns of individual publications. Today, the emerging application of the marketing concept in the operation of many newspapers appears as such a threat, and has evoked quite a negative reaction in some quarters. All one need do is to glance at some of the titles of recently published articles like "Supermarketing the Newspaper", “Beware the Market Thinkers", and "News Doctors" to be left with the general impression that marketing and good newspapers are mutually exclusive.
Impact of 220 kV Transformer Neutral Point Grounding Modes on Zero Sequence Voltage

To analysis the affection dergree of transfomrer operation modes on zero sequence voltage on condition of single phase short cirucuit at the high viltage terminal of the transformer,a three sequence networks model is established by means of sysmmetrical component method and sequence networks. The impact of load on zero sequence voltage is researched based on operation modes of the two transformers whose low voltage terminals are connected in parallel and independent,the validity is verified through an example. The results demonstrate that the zero sequence voltage is relative to the operation modes of the transformer and load. The zero sequence voltage when operating in parallel is equal to that of operating independent and the sequence networks are equivalent if the two loads are the same,otherwise,zero sequence voltage when operating independent is little higher than that of operating in parallel. Besides that, there is an excellent suppression effect on zero sequence voltage if the neutral point of the transformer is grounded directly,the zero sequence voltage is the highest if neutral point ungrounded which would likely have a damage to the insulation of netural point,the neutral point connected with a small reactance can also restrain the amplitude of the zero sequence voltage.
Why Does Mark Marry Isolde? And Why Do We Care? An Essay on Narrative Motivation

The Tristan romances of Eilhart von Oberg and Gottfried von Strasburg provide examples for an investigation of narrative motivation: four varieties are identified; the role of motivation in constituting the narrative text and in generating narrative coherence are investigated.
A VUV gas transmission monitor and recirculating gas system for the PHENIX hadron blind detector

The PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) is a high performance Cherenkov counter that uses pure CF4 to detect electrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. It requires extremely high purity gas in order to achieve a high photoelectron yield, preserve the quality of its cesium iodide photocathodes, and maintain stable gas gain in its GEM detectors. In particular, water and oxygen at even the few ppm level can cause significant optical absorption in the wavelength range from 120-180 nm, which is the region of sensitivity of the Csl photocathodes. In order to ensure good optical transparency and low water and oxygen content of the operating gas, a transmission monitor has been constructed to measure the transmittance of the input and output gases of the HBD. The monitor is based on a McPherson 234/302 VUV spectrometer, along with a custom, computer controlled movable mirror system to measure the transmittance of the gas flowing to and from the detector. The monitor is used in conjunction with a recirculating gas system that is designed to supply high purity gas with minimal consumption. Both the transmission monitor and the recirculating gas system are described, along with their performance when used with the Hadron Blind Detector during the 2006-07 heavy ion run at RHIC.
It’s Published!

Authors of published case reports may be invited to participate in peer review, write editorials, and interact with news media. Participation in peer review stimulates academic growth, sharpens clinical insight, and helps to uphold the validity of the editorial process. Editorial writing gives authors a forum to discuss such topics as pathophysiology, mechanisms of disease, alternate hypotheses, and broader implications of the case findings. Most authors prefer to publish in PubMed-indexed journals, in the belief that their articles will receive more citations and the prestige of PubMed indexing will help with academic promotion. Initial citation rates for case reports are lower than that for other article types, such as meta-analyses and randomized trials, but case report citations tend to accrue steadily over time; long-term citation rates might be more appropriate for comparison. The social media response to case reports can be tracked both on journal websites and through publication analytics services such as Altmetric and ResearchGate.
Assessing the Relationship between Remittance Receipt and Migration Intentions among Mexican Adolescents Living along the U.S.-Mexico Border

One of the highest binational population and remittance exchanges in the world occurs between Mexico and the US. Building on social capital theory, this study investigated the impact of remittance receipt on the migration intentions of Mexican adolescents living along the border (N = 984). Hierarchical regressions revealed the receipt of remittances predicted self-reported (1) desire to live in and (2) intentions to move to the US after graduation. Having a parent in the US was related to intentions to migrate, but did not moderate the relationship between remittances and migration intentions. Implications for policy and future research are made.
MTCs of the Brazos-Trinity Slope System; Thoughts on the Sequence Stratigraphy of MTCs and Their Possible Roles in Shaping Hydrocarbon Traps

Mass Transport Complexes (MTCs) are significant constituents of the fill of the basins of the Brazos-Trinity Slope System. These MTCs are composite stratigraphic bodies consisting of resedimented materials associated with slumps, slides, debris flows, but also subordinate turbidites, and hemipelagites. Although their composition is variable, they tend to be mud-rich. The MTCs exhibit a variety of external geometries. They commonly have erosive bases characterized by “boxy”, grooved scours and mounded tops. Commonly, they are internally chaotic, but sometimes show crude stratification or fabrics related to patterns of movement and/ or deformation. Because of increased awareness of the abundance of MTCs within deep marine settings and their association with other well known architectural elements, recent attempts have been made to incorporate the occurrence of MTCs into predictive sequence stratigraphic models. The models emphasize the role of relative sea level cycles in the generation of MTCs and relate this to formative processes and positions within an idealized depositional sequence. However, while some Brazos-Trinity MTCs may conform to these concepts, others do not. As such, utility of MTCs for developing sequence stratigraphic frameworks for the Brazos-Trinity system is dubious. Based on our understanding of the Brazos-Trinity Slope System it is proposed that MTCs play a role in shaping hyrdrocarbon traps in analogous subsurface systems. Although some portions of these MTCs contain sufficient porous and permeable sediment to constitute hydrocarbon reservoirs, most represent seal and “waste rock” units. They can form basal, vertical and lateral seals to reservoir complexes, as well as intra-reservoir seals and baffles. Because of their erosive nature, the emplacement of MTC's has often resulted in localized or widespread termination of reservoir strata. MTC's with clay-rich lithologies form low permeability, high capillary entry pressure layers overlying these erosional surfaces. Thus, the geometry and transmissibility of contacts between MTCs and reservoir-bearing strata can play an important role in defining the stratigraphic component of hyrdrocarbon traps and represent baffles or barriers to fluid flow during production.
The Valuation of Market Talk and the Limits or License of Labels

Research on market categorization has emphasized the constraints labels impose on producers and products. In this paper, I investigate how labels restrict or expand the scope of claims producers ca...
Family Matters: Justice Gender and Female Litigant Success in Family Law Cases in the Supreme Court of Canada

As the first empirical study of family law cases at the Supreme Court of Canada, this study explores potential factors that lead to female litigant success in family law cases. This study seeks to ...
Semi-Automated 8 Collaborative Online Training Module for Improving Communication Skills

This paper presents a description and evaluation of the ROC Speak system, a platform that allows ubiquitous access to communication skills training. ROC Speak (available at rocspeak.com) enables anyone to go to a website, record a video, and receive feedback on smile intensity, body movement, volume modulation, filler word usage, unique word usage, word cloud of the spoken words, in addition to overall assessment and subjective comments by peers. Peer comments are automatically ranked and sorted for usefulness and sentiment (i.e., positive vs. negative). We evaluated the system with a diverse group of 56 online participants for a 10-day period. Participants submitted responses to career oriented prompts every other day. The participants were randomly split into two groups: 1) treatment - full feedback from the ROC Speak system; 2) control – written feedback from online peers. When judged by peers (p
Insights into Metal Oxide and Zero-Valent Metal Nanocrystal Formation on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Surfaces during Sol-Gel Process.

Carbon nanotubes are hybridized with metal crystals to impart multifunctionality into the nanohybrids (NHs). Simple but effective synthesis techniques are desired to form both zero-valent and oxides of different metal species on carbon nanotube surfaces. Sol-gel technique brings in significant advantages and is a viable technique for such synthesis. This study probes the efficacy of sol-gel process and aims to identify underlying mechanisms of crystal formation. Standard electron potential (SEP) is used as a guiding parameter to choose the metal species; i.e., highly negative SEP (e.g., Zn) with oxide crystal tendency, highly positive SEP (e.g., Ag) with zero-valent crystal-tendency, and intermediate range SEP (e.g., Cu) to probe the oxidation tendency in crystal formation are chosen. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to evaluate the synthesized NHs. Results indicate that SEP can be a reliable guide for the resulting crystalline phase of a certain metal species, particularly when the magnitude of this parameter is relatively high. However, for intermediate range SEP-metals, mix phase crystals can be expected. For example, Cu will form Cu2O and zero-valent Cu crystals, unless the synthesis is performed in a reducing environment.
Gap Detection in Normal and Impaired Listeners: The Effect of Level and Frequency

Temporal summation and temporal resolution are often thought to be different aspects of the same integration process. However, a long integration time is required to optimize performance in a temporal summation task, whereas a short integration time is required to optimize performance in a temporal resolution task. Indeed, the integration times found in temporal summation experiments are typically one-to-two orders of magnitude larger than those found in temporal resolution experiments (for review, see Green, this volume, see also de Boer, this volume). It is possible to reconcile this large difference either by assuming that a compressive nonlinear transformation (Divenyi and Shannon 1983) or neural adaptation (Irwin and Kemp 1976; Irwin and Purdy 1982) takes place prior to integration, but in this paper we implicitly treat the two integration processes as separate by considering only temporal resolution and the corresponding short integration time.
Introduction: The Future Is Now—Challenges in the New Age of Psychological Practice

Schools are microcosms of society at large, and as such, school personnel deal with the impact of social challenges and problems as they are reflected in the children they serve. Economic concerns, unemployment and underemployment, family and school violence, immigration, and acculturation have both direct and indirect impacts on learning and academic achievement.
Behavior Therapy in the Treatment of Rape Victims

Although rape is a relatively infrequent phenomenon and the treatment of rape victims, therefore, a relatively rare clinical problem, it deserves special consideration in a book such as this one. Because sexual assault may well be the best model currently available for an acute, unexpected life stress, issues relevant to the treatment of rape trauma may have applicability to a wide variety of other traumatic reactions. Furthermore, although rape is experienced by relatively few women, a number of reasonably well-documented descriptive reports (Bart, 1975; Burgess & Holmstrom, 1979a; Queen’s Bench Foundation, 1975) have suggested that, in the untreated victim, the difficulties subsequent to a sexual assault may persist for many years and interfere with functioning in a variety of areas.
On the Nilpotency of Subgroups of Self-Homotopy Equivalences

If X is a topological space, we denote by e(X) the set of homotopy classes of self-homotopy equivalences of X. Then e(X) is a group with group operation given by composition of homotopy classes. The group e(X) is a natural object in homotopy theory and has been studied extensively—see [Ar] for a survey of known results and applications of e(X). In this paper we continue our investigation of e #(X), the subgroup of e(X) consisting of homotopy classes which induce the identity on homotopy groups, and, to a lesser extent, of e *#(X), the subgroup of e #(X) consisting of homotopy classes which also induce the identity on homology groups (see §2 for precise definitions), which was begun in [A-L]. These groups are nilpotent and we focus primarily on the nilpotency class of e #(X). The determination of this nilpotency class appears in the list of problems on e(X) in [Ka, Problem 10]. For rational spaces we obtain both general results on the nilpotency class and a complete determination of the nilpotency class in specific cases. This leads to a lower bound for the nilpotency class of the groups e #(X) for certain finite complexes X by using derationalization techniques.
Increased Activity of Mitochondrial Complex II in Rabbit Heart Failure is Associated with Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Impaired Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Background: In heart failure (HF), the increase in cardiac adrenergic tone, while initially beneficial, ultimately contributes to damage to the failing heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for cell damage during beta-adrenergic stimulation in a rabbit volume- and pressure-overload HF model.Methods and Results: Field stimulation (1 Hz) of single left ventricular HF myocytes in combination with beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol, 1 microM) was accompanied by spontaneous pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ release (Ca2+ waves), contractile dysfunction, and a robust increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, eventually leading to cell death. In HF myocytes FAD/FADH2 levels remained reduced and mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) activity was significantly elevated (by 86%). Increased complex II activity, however did not lead to an increase in ADP-dependent respiration, indicative of an electron leak at complex II. Mitochondrial complex I-mediated state-3 respiration was decreased by 77%, while state-2 respiration remained unchanged. Supplementation of HF myocytes with substrate for complex II (10 mM dimethyl-succinate) caused a dramatic increase in rotenone-sensitive mitochondrial ROS generation compared to control cells and to HF cells treated with complex I substrates. Moreover, dimethyl-succinate itself induced spontaneous Ca2+ release in form of Ca2+ waves that was further augmented by isoproterenol and prevented by cell pre-treatment with the anti-oxidant Trolox (1 mM). The complex II inhibitor thenoyl-trifluoroacetone (100 microM) significantly decreased mitochondrial ROS generation and normalized isoproterenol-induced Ca2+-transients and cell shortening.Conclusion: Increased activity of mitochondrial complex II in rabbit HF is a major mediator of oxidative stress leading to impairment of Ca2+ handling and contractility.
Redox polymers in electrochemical systems: From methods of mediation to energy storage

Abstract Redox polymers have been an expanding research area over the last 30 years. The design of redox polymers for mediated bioelectrocatalysis revolutionized glucose biosensors in the early 1990s. These concepts were then applied to biofuel cells in the 2000s, but it was not until recently that researchers further translated these concepts to the fields of electrosynthesis, supercapacitors, and redox flow batteries. This review will give a short background to the early work in the field but will primarily discuss the recent applications of the electrosynthesis, supercapacitors, and redox flow batteries.