cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vagal control of mucociliary clearance in murine lungs: A study in a chronic preparation

Abstract We conducted several experiments that focused on the effect of vagal control on mucociliary clearance (MCC) in murine lungs. We hypothesized that loss of vagal control by chronic denervation (i.e. vagotomy) would reduce both basal MCC and the increase in MCC typically observed upon stimulation of capsaicin sensitive C-fibers. Vagotomy was performed on the right side of C57BL/6 mice and MCC was measured 5 days later. Mucociliary clearance was measured by gamma scintigraphy after oropharyngeal aspiration of the radioisotope 99m technetium and was expressed as the amount of radioactivity removed from the right lung 6 h later. Baseline MCC was unaffected by vagotomy, averaging 6.5 ± 4.9% and 6.8 ± 5.8%, in 6 vagotomized and 6 non-vagotomized mice (controls), respectively. Mucociliary clearance increased significantly to 12.7 ± 5.9% in 9 non-vagotomized mice treated with 1.6 × 10 − 9 M capsaicin, a vagally-mediated, nociceptor stimulus ( p = 0.041). Capsaicin was admixed with 99m technetium and administered by oropharyngeal aspiration. In contrast, MCC was unchanged from control values in 9 vagotomized, capsaicin-treated animals, averaging 6.0 ± 5.5% ( p = 0.024). These findings suggest that loss of vagal control through denervation does not affect basal MCC in C57BL/6 mice, but does appear to reduce the capacity of mice to respond to nociceptor agents that stimulate MCC. These data could have implications for patients whose lungs are denervated due to lung transplantation, since they may be at risk for an inadequate MCC response to inhaled irritants and inflammatory mediators, which are also nociceptor stimuli.
Optimal platform investment for product family design

Existing models for developing modular product families based on a common platform are either too engineering oriented or too marketing centric. In this paper, we propose an intermediate modeling ground that bridges this gap by simultaneously considering essential concepts from engineering and marketing to construct an alternative model for platform-based product families. In this model, each variant (in the platform-based product family) contributes a percentage to overall market coverage inside a target market segment. The extent to which a specific variant contributes to market coverage is linked to its degree of distinctiveness. On the other hand the cost of development of all variants (that constitute the product family) is also dependent on the degree of commonality between these variants. The objective of the model is to maximize market coverage subject to an available development budget. Based on a conceptual design of the product family, the proposed model suggests the optimal initial investment in the platform, the commonality level between variants, and the number of variants to be produced in order to maximize market coverage using both analytical and simulation techniques. An application example using an ice scraper product family is included to demonstrate the proposed model.
Evaluating Inhibition of Motoneuron Firing From Electromyogram Data to Assess Vestibular Output Using Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials.

Objectives Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are due to vestibular responses producing brief inhibitions of muscle contractions that are detectable in electromyographic (EMG) responses. VEMP amplitudes are traditionally measured by the peak to peak amplitude of the averaged EMG response (VEMPpp) or by a normalized VEMPpp (nVEMPpp). However, a brief EMG inhibition does not satisfy the statistical assumptions for the average to be the optimal processing strategy. Here, it is postulated that the inhibition depth of motoneuron firing is the desired metric for showing the influence of the vestibular system on the muscle system. The authors present a metric called "VEMPid" that estimates this inhibition depth from the EMG data obtained in a usual VEMP data acquisition. The goal of this article was to compare how well VEMPid, VEMPpp, and nVEMPpp track inhibition depth. Design To find a robust method to compare VEMPid, VEMPpp, and nVEMPpp, realistic physiological models for the inhibition of VEMP EMG signals were made using VEMP data from four measurement sessions on each of the five normal subjects. Each of the resulting 20 EMG-production models was adjusted to match the EMG autocorrelation of an individual subject and session. Simulated VEMP traces produced by these models were used to compare how well VEMPid, VEMPpp, and nVEMPpp tracked model inhibition depth. Results Applied to simulated and real VEMP data, VEMPid showed good test-retest consistency and greater sensitivity at low stimulus levels than VEMPpp or nVEMPpp. For large-amplitude responses, nVEMPpp and VEMPid were equivalent in their consistency across subjects and sessions, but for low-amplitude responses, VEMPid was superior. Unnormalized VEMPpp was always worse than nVEMPpp or VEMPid. Conclusions VEMPid provides a more reliable measurement of vestibular function at low sound levels than the traditional nVEMPpp, without requiring a change in how VEMP tests are performed. The calculation method for VEMPid should be applicable whenever an ongoing muscle contraction is briefly inhibited by an external stimulus.
A non-mortar mixed finite element method for elliptic problems on non-matching multiblock grids☆

Abstract We consider the approximation of second-order elliptic equations on domains that can be described as a union of sub-domains or blocks. We assume that a grid is defined on each block independently, so that the resulting grid over the entire domain need not be conforming (i.e. match) across the block boundaries. Several techniques have been developed to approximate elliptic equations on multiblock grids that utilize a mortar finite element space defined on the block boundary interface itself. We define a mixed finite element method that does not use such a mortar space. The method has an advantage in the case where adaptive local refinement techniques will be used, in that there is no mortar grid to refine. As is typical of mixed methods, our method is locally conservative element-by-element; it is also globally conservative across the block boundaries. Theoretical results show that the approximate solution converges at the optimal rate to the true solution. We present computational results to illustrate and confirm the theory.
Surface pressures on a flat plate with dual jet configurations

Etude de l'effet de l'angle du jet par rapport a l'ecoulement transversal et des performances de configuration a deux jets en ligne et cote a cote
A new species of Frontodendroidopsis (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from China, with a key to males of the two known species

Abstract Frontodendroidopsis gibbiceps, a new species of fire-colored beetle, is described from a single male taken in the Xiling Snow Mountains, in central Sichuan Province, China at an elevation of 1300–2100 meters. This is the second described Frontodendroidopsis, the other being the Japanese F. ocularis. A somewhat similar cranial modification, enlarged compound eyes, and strongly pectinate antennae with an elongate antennal pedicel clearly place the new species in Frontodendroidopsis. The swollen antennal insertions, mildly carinate Irons, and conspicuously emarginate seventh abdominal stemite of male F. gibbiceps distinguish it from F. ocularis.
Matching database records to handwritten text

This paper describes a method for matching specific database records to handwritten text. While a database record contains multiple fields with complete, idealized strings, handwritten text may contain missing fields, misspellings, and abbreviations. Multiple word segmentation hypotheses are used in this method to overcome the spacing difficulties of handwritten text. To avoid the combinatorics of matching all instantiations of the record, including abbreviations and omissions, to all hypothesized word segmentations, a dynamic programming approach is employed. Inputs to the matching module include a binarized line of handwritten text and a set of potential database records. The module determines the best word segmentation, or parse, of the line given a particular record and produces an overall verification score. This module was tested using binarized, handwritten address images captured from a live mail stream. Results of matching the street line images to postal database records are presented.
Effects of Toasting on the Quality of Canned Rice

Parboiled long grain milled rice was toasted to assess the effects of dry heat on the canning quality. Toasting was accomplished by exposing the rice to 170°C for 0, 1.5, 30, 45 or 60 min. Increased toasting time resulted in decreased whiteness and yellowness and increased redness, but the intensity of the color change was diminished by hydration and canning. Toasting time increased the force required to shear the canned product; however, the rate of retrogradation, as measured by amylographic viscosity, seemingly was unaffected by the toasting treatments. Sensory evaluations indicated that preferences for flavor and general appearance of the canned toasted rice were very individualistic.
Endoscopic techniques (ERCP, EUS) for the evaluation of unexplained acute pancreatitis

Up to 30% of patients have an unknown etiology for their acute pancreatitis. A number of these patients may benefit from a systematic use of advanced endoscopic modalities, depending on the clinical suspicion for a serious pathology. This article outlines the role of EUS and ERCP in the evaluation of this challenging group of patients.
Planning to gather inforrnation

We describe Occam, a query planning algorithm that determines the best way to integrate data from different sources. As input, Occam takes a library of site descriptions and a user query. As output, Occam automatically generates one or more plans that encode alternative ways to gather the requested information. Occam has several important features: (1) it integrates both legacy systems and full relational databases with an efficient, domain-independent, query-planning algorithm, (2) it reasons about the capabilities of different information sources, (3) it handles partial goal satisfaction i.e., gathers as much data as possible when it can't gather exactly all that the user requested, (4) it is both sound and complete, (5) it is efficient. We present empirical results demonstrating Occam's performance on a variety of information gathering tasks.
Generation and Measurement of Formaldehyde in Exposure Chambers

A formaldehyde (HCHO) generation system suitable for animal and human inhalation studies has been constructed and employed in a large scale human exposure chamber at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. The generation system employs modified industrial hygiene calibration manifolds to vaporize paraformaldehyde to form monomeric HCHO. Generated concentrations of HCHO were maintainable within ±5% of the target concentrations. Measurement of HCHO levels in the exposure chamber has demonstrated a close correlation (r2=.981) between the NIOSH chromotrophic acid technique and TGM-555 monitors over the range of 0.5 to 3.0 ppm, with the impinger-chromotrophic acid technique yielding an average of 95% of the TGM-555 measurements.
Differences in the self-depictions of female alcoholics and psychiatric outpatients: towards a depiction of the modal female alcoholic.

Forty-one Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) items that differentiated modal female alcoholics from modal nonsubstance-abusing psychiatric outpatients at the p less than .0001 level of significance were located. A principal factor analysis of the 41 X 41 item-intercorrelation matrix yielded three factors which were labeled (1) Deviant Thrill-Seeking, (2) Remorseful Intrapunitiveness and (3) Blackouts. Nonmodal alcoholics, who comprised approximately 20% of the present sample, were found to be indistinguishable from modal psychiatric outpatients except for their excessive consumption of alcohol.
“Teach a Man to Fish”: The Sustainability Doctrine and Its Social Consequences

Summary This paper analyzes the social consequences of the commitment to “sustainability” in donor-funded AIDS programs. Using survey, interview, and ethnographic data from rural Malawi, we examine how efforts to mobilize and empower local communities affect three strata of Malawian society: the villagers whom these programs are meant to help, the insecure local elites whose efforts directly link programs to their intended beneficiaries, and, more briefly, national elites who implement AIDS policies and programs. We describe indirect effects of sustainability on the experiences, identities, and aspirations of Malawians—effects that are much broader and deeper than the direct impacts of funding.
Laparoscopic treatment of perforated appendicitis

The use of laparoscopy has been established in improving perioperative and postoperative outcomes for patients with simple appendicitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy is associated with less wound pain, less wound infection, a shorter hospital stay, and faster overall recovery when compared to the open appendectomy for uncomplicated cases. In the past two decades, the use of laparoscopy for the treatment of perforated appendicitis to take the advantages of minimally invasiveness has increased. This article reviewed the prevalence, approaches, safety disclaimers, perioperative and postoperative outcomes of the laparoscopic appendectomy in the treatment of patients with perforated appendicitis. Special issues including the conversion, interval appendectomy, laparoscopic approach for elderly or obese patient are also discussed to define the role of laparoscopic treatment for patients with perforated appendicitis.
Spectrochemical Investigations of Preferential Solvation. Part 3. Extension of the Khossravi-Connors-Skwierczynski Two-Step Competitive Solvation Model to Fluorescence Emission Behavior of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvent Polarity Probes Dissolved in Binary Solvent Mixtures

Abstract The Khossravi-Connors-Skwierczynski step-wise competitive exchange model, which has previously led to successful descriptive expressions for solvent effects on solubility, surface tension and molecular complex formation, is modified to model fluorescence emission behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solutes dissolved in binary solvent mixtures. Expressions are derived for calculating numerical values of the various step-wise exchange equilibrium constants from measured emission intensity ratios in mixed solvents and from measured absolute emission intensities in both pure solvents. Computation procedure is illustrated using measured fluorescence properties of pyrene, benzo [e] pyrene, benzo [ghi] perylene, coronene, methylcoronene and 1,2-dimethylcoronene in n-heptane+ 1,4-dioxane and n-heptane + tetrahydrofuran mixtures. Also discussed are similarities and differences between the newly-derived expressions and ones based upon a recently published spectrofluorometric probe method, and the s...
Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced desensitization of pancreatic enzyme secretion is mediated by low affinity CCK receptors

Abstract CCK-8-induced desensitization of carbachol-stimulated amylase secretion occurred over a range of concentrations of CCK-8 that occupy low affinity CCK receptors. CCK-JMV-180 [BOC-Tyr(SO 3 )-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-2-phenylethylester] at concentrations up to 1 μM did not cause desensitization of enzyme secretion; however, the peptide was able to inhibit CCK-8-induced desensitization. Analysis of the relationship between receptor occupation and CCK-8-induced desensitization caused by CCK-8 and CCK-JMV-180 in combination also indicated that CCK-8-induced desensitization of carbachol-stimulated amylase secretion is caused by occupation of low affinity CCK receptors.
An econometric analysis of residential expenditures on energy conservation and renewable energy sources

Abstract Economic theory suggests that residential expenditures on energy conservation and renewable energy sources will be determined by the ability of households to purchase conservation inputs, their incentive to invest in conserving energy, the energy efficiency of existing homes and miscellaneous factors such as climate and age of the home-owner. Empirical analyses of energy-related expenditures reported on individual income tax returns confirm the importance of household income, energy price increases and climate conditions in determining energy conservation investments. Income tax credits are also found to have stimulated residential spending on conservation and renewable energy.
A randomization procedure with applications to Mössbauer spectroscopy

Abstract A procedure for producing artificial data is described and applied to several illustrative situations relevant to Mossbauer spectroscopy, including determining bias and optimizing experimental conditions. Theoretical curves for the width, Γ exp , and resonance effect, ϵ, of a Lorentzian fitted to thick-absorber transmission spectra are presented for several values of the ratio of the width, Γ a , of the absorption spectrum to the source width, Γ s . A listing of a Fortran IV subroutine for randomizing a theoretical spectrum is included.
The significance of crack-resistance curves to the mixed-mode fracture toughness of human cortical bone

The majority of fracture mechanics studies on the toughness of bone have been performed under tensile loading. However, it has recently been shown that the toughness of human cortical bone in the transverse (breaking) orientation is actually much lower in shear (mode II) than in tension (mode I); a fact that is physiologically relevant as in vivo bone is invariably loaded multiaxially. Since bone is a material that derives its fracture resistance primarily during crack growth through extrinsic toughening mechanisms, such as crack deflection and bridging, evaluation of its toughness is best achieved through measurements of the crack-resistance or R-curve, which describes the fracture toughness as a function of crack extension. Accordingly, in this study, we attempt to measure for the first time the R-curve fracture toughness of human cortical bone under physiologically relevant mixed-mode loading conditions. We show that the resulting mixed-mode (mode I+II) toughness depends strongly on the crack trajectory and is the result of the competition between the paths of maximum mechanical driving force and "weakest" microstructural resistance.
Viscoelastic Properties of Mixtures of Optical Isomers of Poly-Benzylglutamate in Liquid Crystal Solution in Tetrahydrofuran

Liquid crystal solutions of the Polypeptide enantiomers poly-benzyl -L-glutamate (PBLG) and polybenzyl-D-glutamate (PBDG), prepared so as to keep the volume fraction of polymer constant, provide a unique opportunity to examine separately the effect of intermolecular helical twisting power on rheological properties with other molecular factors held constant. The viscoelastic behavior of solutions of the individual polymers1-4 and the racemic mixture2,4 have been studied at concentrations both below and above the critical point for liquid crystal formation. One might expect that the viscous component of the liquid crystal is in some way related to the degree of cholesteric twist superposed on the nematic ordering of the essentially rod shaped5,6 macromolecules. This twist accessory must to some extent be disrupted by the flow field and the impedence may be overcome by either a tilting of the spiral axis or a partial unwinding of the molecular superstructure. The cumulative pitch, P, of the cholesteric liquid crystal is given by7 P = 2πd/ where is the average angular displacement between adjacent molecular planes separated by a distance d. The reciprocal of P is consequently a measure of the twisting power8 of the medium, may be either positive or negative depending on the chirality of the polypeptide and the nature of the solvent.9
Gap detection with electromagnetic terahertz signals

We apply an inverse problem formulation to determine characteristics of a defect from a perturbed electromagnetic interrogating signal. A defect (gap) inside of a dielectric material causes a disruption, via reflections and refractions at the material interfaces, of the windowed interrogating signal. We model the electromagnetic waves inside the material with Maxwell's equations. This leads to a non-standard, nonlinear optimization problem for the dimensions and location of the defect. Using simulations as forward solves, we employ a Newton-based, iterative optimization scheme to a novel modified least-squares objective function. Numerical results are given in tables and plots, standard errors are calculated, and computational issues are addressed.
Introduction of Hybrid and Diesel Vehicles: Status Within the Life Cycle of Technology Adoption

The positions of the diesel and hybrid light-duty passenger vehicles in the technology adoption life cycle are examined with a mid-2004 stated preference study of 1,036 households. Implications of the technology life cycle for historical consumer preference estimates obtained for use in prior models of market share are briefly discussed. The hypothetical life-cycle segments addressed in this paper are early adopters, early buyers, and majority buyers. Survey respondents are segmented into subgroups, or markets, in light of hypothesized attributes of consumers within the product life cycle. Emphasis is placed on delineating the preferences of new instead of used vehicle buyer segments. These categories are compared with the five categories in the high-tech technology adoption life-cycle paradigm of G. Moore. One purpose of the analysis is to use the survey as a test of the reasonableness of the three categories used here. The implications of the survey for use of the rational buyer model of consumer trade-offs of incremental new vehicle capital cost (of a diesel or hybrid) against reduced fuel cost are addressed. Competition of desires for fuel efficiency, acceleration, and towing is also addressed, as are the effects of gender, income, education, and age.
Cell wall glycoproteins and polysaccharides of mature runner beans

Abstract A novel use of chlorite-HOAc treatment (delignification procedure) for the isolation of hydroxyproline (HP) rich “glycoproteins” from the depectinated cell wall material of mature runner beans is described. This procedure can be used for the isolation of wall proteins even from heavily lignified tissues. Its main disadvantage is that some of the constituent amino acids are either destroyed or modified; the nature of these changes was studied using gelatine, lysozyme and “cytoplasmic proteins” of mature beans. The main amino acids to be affected were tyrosine, cystine, methionine and lysine. The chlorite-HOAc solubilized proteins were separated by PhOH-H 2 O fractionation into two distinct “glycoprotein fractions”. The major fraction (isolated from the aqueous layer) contained most of the HP of the solubilized proteins. The sugars obtained on hydrolysis of both “glycoproteins” were galactose, arabinose, glucose, xylose, rhamnose and uronic acid. Most of the proteins remaining in the holocellulose could readily be extracted with cold alkali and were relatively poor in HP.
Acridine dyes as effectors in papain catalysis

Abstract The catalytic activity of the sulfhydryl protease, papain, toward the synthetic ester substrate, α- N -benzoyl- l -arginine ethyl ester, is enhanced by several acridine dyes. Kinetic studies on the effects of proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) on the papain-catalyzed hydrolysis at pH 6.6 (25 °C) of both α- N -benzoyl- l -arginine ethyl ester and N -benzoylglycine ethyl ester indicate that the dye primarily affects K m (app) , having little or no effect upon k ca t . On the other hand, proflavine appears to have no measurable effect upon the catalytic activity of papain toward N -benzyloxycarbonylglycine p -nitrophenyl ester. Quinacrine hydrochloride appears to behave much like proflavine in theenhancement of papain-catalyzedbenzoylarginine ethyl ester hydrolysis. These findings are interpreted in terms of possible effects of dye on individual rate constants in the “acyl enzyme” scheme which characterizes papain action, and they are compared with reported findings concerning the rate-enhancing effects of proflavine on the related sulfhydryl protease ficin.
A Centered Bivariate Spatial Regression Model for Binary Data with an Application to Presettlement Vegetation Data in the Midwestern United States

Spatially structured discrete data arise in diverse areas of application, such as forestry, epidemiology, or soil sciences. Data from several binary variables are often collected at each location. Variation in distributional properties across the spatial domain is of interest. The specific application that motivates our work involves characterizing historical distributions of two species of Oak in the Driftless Area in the Midwestern United States. Scientists are interested in understanding the patterns of interaction between species, as well as their relationships to spatial covariates. Accounting for spatial dependence is not only of inherent interest but also reduces prediction mean squared error, and is necessary for obtaining appropriate measures of uncertainty (i.e., standard errors and confidence intervals). To address the needs of the application, we introduce a centered bivariate autologistic model, which accounts for the statistical dependence in two response variables simultaneously, for the association between them and for the effect of spatial covariates. The model proposed here offers a relatively stable large-scale model structure, with model parameters which can be interpreted in the usual sense across levels of dependence. Since the model allows for separate dependence parameters for each variable, it offers, in essence, the equivalent of a model with a non-separable covariance function. The flexible model framework permits straightforward generalizations to structures with more than two variables, a temporal component, or an irregular lattice domain. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
An Empirical Investigation of Returns to Search

Using data on search and choice behavior from a local automobile market, we estimate monetary returns to search in terms of lower prices resulting from additional time invested in price search. For our analytical framework, we adapt a model developed in the job search literature to the problem of consumer search; this framework is especially useful for illuminating the relationship between time spent searching, the outcome of search, and demand and supply side variables. Our results indicate that, for this particular sample of buyers, marginal returns to search are broadly consistent with what one might expect if consumers balance costs and benefits of search, and that potential gains from additional search for lower car prices do not appear to be large for most consumers. Our study highlights many of the methodological difficulties involved in estimating returns to search, including isolating returns to different outcomes of search, and sensitivity of results to model specification and sampling error. We deal with these problems by trying to isolate time spent searching for price from other uses of search time, by deriving our model used in estimation from a specific conceptual framework, and by extensive specification testing.
Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes

Abstract Spatial and temporal variations in pore water compositions are characterized for a deep regolith profile developed on a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz California. Variations are resolved in terms of the dominance of either a lithogenic process, i.e. chemical weathering, or a biogenic process, i.e. plant nutrient cycling. The concept of elemental fractionation is introduced describing the extent that specific elements are mobilized and cycled as a result of these processes.
A novel web-based depth video rewind approach toward fall preventive interventions in hospitals

The purpose of this study was to implement a web based application to provide the ability to rewind and review depth videos captured in hospital rooms to investigate the event chains that led to patient's fall at a specific time. In this research, Kinect depth images are being used to capture shadow-like images of the patient and their room to resolve concerns about patients' privacy. As a result of our previous research, a fall detection system has been developed and installed in hospital rooms, and fall alarms are generated if any falls are detected by the system. Then nurses will go through the stored depth videos to investigate for possible injury as well as the reasons and events that may have caused the patient's fall to prevent future occurrences. This paper proposes a novel web application to ease the process of search and reviewing the videos by means of new visualization techniques to highlight video frames that contain potential risk of fall based on our previous research. Language: en
Burden of Illness for Children and Where We Stand in Measuring the Quality of This Health Care

Context.—Measures of health care quality for children are not as well developed as those for adults. It is also unclear the extent to which the current pool of measures address common causes of illness and health care utilization for children. Objective.—The goal of this study was to create lists of high-priority conditions for children based on different vantage points for defining burden relative to both inpatient and outpatient care for children. These high-priority conditions were then cross-tabulated with all known existing quality measures for pediatric health care. Data.—High-prevalence conditions for children were identified by using the 2000 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2000 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1999 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2000 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Databases, and 2000 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Ambulatory Surgery Databases. Burden assessments were done using frequencies of visits, charges, in-hospital deaths. Existing quality measures for children were identified from a recent compendium of such measures and a search of the National Quality Measures Clearinghouse. Results.—There are numerous and large gaps in existing quality-of-care measures for children relative to high-burden conditions in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. With the ever increasing efforts to measure and even publicly report on health care, efforts for children need to include focus on building a representative repertoire of quality measures for the high-burden conditions children experience.
Teaching Psychological Science through Writing

The teaching of psychological science occurs face-to-face in classrooms and also through writing via op-ed essays, magazine articles, trade books, Web sites, and textbooks. I discuss the teaching of psychological science through such outlets, offer some practical suggestions for writing, and reflect on what I have found motivating, helpful, and satisfying.
Cellular retinol-binding protein

1. A protein which binds retinol in vitro with high affinity and specificity was detected by sucrose gradient centrifugation or by gel filtration after preincubating rat tissue cytosols with all-trans-[3H]retinol. This protein sediments in the 2 S region of sucrose gradients. Molecular size determination by gel filtration indicates a molecular weight of 16 000. 2. Competition studies revealed that only all-trans-retinol, not retinal or retinoic acid, competes for binding. The binding of radioactive retinol is reversible. 3. This protein was detected in cytosols of rat liver, lung, spleen, brain, testis, ovaries, uterus and intestinal mucosa whereas heart or gastrocnemius muscle seem to lack this protein. 4. The cellular retinol binding protein was found in fetuses as early as day 12 of the gestation period and possessed the same specificity for the ligand as the one in adult tissues. 5. This binding component was not detected in cytosols prepared from Novikoff hepatoma, ascites hepatoma AS-30D, mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor and mouse pituitary tumor cell line AtT 20. 6. The cellular retinol binding protein seems to be different from that described to be present in the serum as suggested by difference in size and by the inability of the antisera against the serum retinol binding protein to remove the cellular binding protein from the cytosol preparations.
Incorporation of mevalonic acid-2-14C into the triterpene limonin

Abstract All portions of two kinds of orange plants ( Citrus species) were tested for the ability to incorporate mevalonic acid-2- 14 C into the triterpene limonin. Only the seeds were able to form radioactive limonin. A method is described for preparing limonin- 14 C.
Pentobarbital and picrotoxin have reciprocal actions on single GABAA receptor channels

Pentobarbital (PB) and picrotoxin (PIC) bind to allosterically coupled sites on the GABAA receptor complex but have opposite effects on GABA receptor currents. PB, an anesthetic/anticonvulsant, enhances, and PIC, a convulsant, inhibits GABA receptor currents. PB and PIC also had opposite effects on single main conductance channel GABA receptor currents recorded from excised outside-out patches from mouse spinal neurons in culture. PB prolonged bursts of channel openings by increasing mean duration and number of intraburst openings. PIC shortened bursts by reducing mean duration and number of intraburst openings. The results demonstrate the reciprocal regulation of GABA receptor channels by PB and PIC and suggest that their allosterically coupled binding sites are coupled to the chloride channel in an opposite manner.
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Congestive Heart Failure in the Intensive Care Unit

Congestive heart failure has emerged as an important public health problem in the United States and is pres ently the number one Diagnostic Related Group for inpatients over the age of 65. Patients admitted to an intensive care or coronary care unit because of de compensated heart failure are frequently older and frequently have multiple serious medical problems. In addition to standard intensive care practices, it is often important to characterize systolic and diastolic proper ties qualitatively with echocardiography. Hemodynamic monitoring is essential for patients with hypotension, oliguria, or questionable left ventricular filling pressures. A combination of loop diuretics, intravenous vaso dilators, and inotropic agents will often be necessary to correct severe underlying hemodynamic abnormalities, and an understanding of basic left ventricular systolic and diastolic function is essential to the optimal use of these potent agents. Manipulation of loading conditions and contractile state are importan...
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF FULL-TIME FACULTY IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES

Meaningful faculty professional development has been recognized through decades of research as an important component in effective classroom instruction. Too often, however, faculty development activities are offered by well-meaning administrators with little or no attention to faculty assessments of their own levels of competence. This study of full-time faculty in Georgia's technical colleges seeks to identify professional-development activities that are perceived as important by faculty. Further, the study identifies performance gaps between what is important and the level of competence, as identified by the faculty themselves. Thus, in a time of tight budgets, decision makers can direct their limited resources to areas of faculty development that will have the greatest impact on instruction while providing significant support to faculty.
Modeling inversion-layer carrier mobilities in all regions of MOSFET operation

Abstract Channel electron and hole mobilities in MOSFETs have been extracted in terms of the effective vertical field for several substrate biases. After ascertaining that the 2-D drift–diffusion numerical device simulator is reproducing the substrate charge variation in the MOSFET with respect to the gate voltage, obtained from C–V data, the mobility versus effective field behavior is extracted by comparing the simulated and measured Id–Vgs characteristics. A simple model has been constructed to fit the extracted mobility data in weak and strong inversion, for inversion-layer electrons and holes in n-MOSFET and p-MOSFET, respectively.
Predictors of Success in a District Science Fair Competition: An Exploratory Study

This exploratory study examined relationships among success in a regional science fair and self-concept, parental influences, motivation, anxiety, and selected demographic variables. The sample included 142 students in grades 7–12 who were enrolled in a district science day in Ohio. Confidence levels and parental influences were measured using scales developed by Campbell (1991). Motivation was measured with items asking who or what influenced students to enter the district science fair and whether they intended to attend college and major in a science-related field. The State-Trait Anxiety Indicator (STAI) (Spielberger, 1983) was used to measure anxiety. Success in the district science day was measured by the rating given by a pair of judges for the science fair project. Demographic variables examined were GPA, participation in a gifted/talented class, participation in a scientific research course, gender, ethnicity, and parents' level of education. Descriptive and discriminant statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. A discriminant function analysis determined one significant function which predicted rating in the science fair. This function, accounting for 77% of the variance, included five coefficients—parental help, parental pressure, science self concept, the science fair project counted as part of a science course grade, and the judges' rating on the science fair project determined the course grade. Implications are discussed for classroom teachers who enroll students in science fairs.
Pericardial celomic cyst.

We have presented above the case history and the post mortem and anatomical findings in a case of a 52 year old white male. In this instance the pericardial cyst was not suspected clinically because of complete absence of symptoms. On post mortem review of chest x-ray films there was no evidence of the presence of such a cyst. We feel the unusual feature of this case is the presence of a cyst as large as this one without the production of sufficient changes on chest x-ray examination, to permit diagnosis. Undoubtedly, this may be attributed to similar densities of lung and cyst and to the presence of overlying pulmonary tissue which produced apparently normal lung markings in the area occupied by the cyst.
Sangre: An oval, high quality red potato

Sangre is a medium maturing, high quality, fresh market red potato adapted to irrigated areas of the West. Tubers are deep red, oval to oblong, shallow-eyed and have a thick skin. Baking and boiling quality is excellent. Sangre is slow emerging and produces a medium size vine. It is susceptible to early and late blights, Verticillium, moderately susceptible to dry rot and bacterial soft rot, moderately resistant to early blight tuber rot, resistant to leafroll net necrosis, and rarely exhibits hollow heart, internal discoloration or blackspot.
Laser-induced fluorescence visualization of ion transport in a pseudo-porous capacitive deionization microstructure

In this paper, a microfluidic experimental set-up is introduced to study the ionic transport in an artificial capacitive deionization (CDI) cell. CDI is a promising desalination technique, which relies on the application of an external electric field and high surface area porous electrodes for ion separation and storage. Photolithography and deep reactive ion etching were used to fabricate a micro-CDI channel with pseudo-porous electrodes on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. Laser-induced fluorescence was performed using cationic Sulforhodamine B (SRB) fluorescent dye to measure ion concentration within the bulk solution and more importantly, within the porous electrodes during the desalination process, with an average normalized root mean square deviation of 8.2 %. Using this set-up, electromigration of ions within the electrode was visualized and the effect of applied electric potential on bulk solution concentration distribution is quantified. In addition, SRB and Fluorescein were used together to visualize anion and cation concentrations simultaneously. The method presented in this study can be used for solution concentrations up to approximately 0.7 mM. The ionic concentration profiles obtained by this approach can be used to test and validate the existing electrosorption models, and pseudo-porous electrodes can be modified to observe the effects of pore size, shape and distribution on electrosorption performance. Furthermore, with proper modifications, the microfabricated structure and experimental set-up can be used for CDI-on-a-chip applications and bio-separation devices.
Origin of all three coronary arteries from separate ostia in the right sinus of valsalva: A rarely reported coronary artery anomaly

Anomalous origin of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries from separate ostia in the right sinus of Valsalva is a rarely reported phenomenon. Few clinical details concerning patients with this anomaly are available in the literature. Angiographic and clinical data in an adult patient with this finding are reported here. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reliability theory for multistate systems with multistate components

Abstract An important problem in reliability theory is to determine the reliability of a complex system given the reliabilities of its components. In real life the system and its components are capable of being in a whole range of states, varying from a perfect functioning state to states related to various levels of performance degradation to complete failure. Thus, the binary models are an oversimplification of the actual reality. This paper presents models and their applications in terms of reliability analysis to situations where the system can have whole range of states and all its components can also have whole range of multiple states. The system generally has various levels of operational performance and hence the total system effectiveness measures should reflect all of these performance levels and their reliabilities. The methodology presented is illustrated by a simple example.
Analysis of radiation from an open-ended coaxial line into stratified dielectrics

Radiation from an open-ended coaxial transmission line into an N-layer dielectric medium is studied in application to nondestructive evaluation of materials. Explicit formulations for two cases of layered media, one terminated into an infinite half-space and the other into a conducting sheet are addressed in general form. In the theoretical derivations it is assumed that only the fundamental TEM mode propagates inside the coaxial line. The terminating admittance of the line is then formulated using the continuity of the power flow across the aperture. The admittance expressions for specific cases of two-layer dielectric composite with generally lossy dielectric properties, and a two-layer composite backed by a conducting sheet are presented and inspected explicitly. The numerical results of the aperture admittance formulation are discussed and compared with the available infinite half-space model which had been experimentally verified. >
The correlation of polymer-water and octanol-water partition coefficients: estimation of drug solubilities in polymers

Abstract Extrathermodynamic relationships between the octanol-water and polymer-water partition coefficients of a number of solutes in 6 polymer-water systems were established: log P (polymer-water) = a log P (octanol-water) + b The solutes were steroids, narcotic amines, and one barbiturate, with log Poct values incrementally spanning the range from 1 to 4. The polymers were 5 rubbery polymers (Tg
An exact form of Lilley's equation with a velocity quadrupole/temperature dipole source term

There have been several attempts to introduce approximations into the exact form of Lilley's equation in order to express the source term as the sum of a quadrupole whose strength is quadratic in the fluctuating velocities and a dipole whose strength is proportional to the temperature fluctuations. The purpose of this note is to show that it is possible to choose the dependent (i.e., the pressure) variable so that this type of result can be derived directly from the Euler equations without introducing any additional approximations.
Specification Of Focal Spots And Factors Affecting Their Size

The focal spots of x-ray tubes used for diagnostic radiology are currently receiv-ing a great deal of attention. While researching the history of focal spot specifications, I was surprised to find the following statement under a dateline of September 17, 1 942 (Ref. 1 ): "The subject of focal spots seems to be receiving an undue amount of discussion these days. Some of the discussion is not based on fact and we think some fundamental principles might be helpful. "© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Imaging B. anthracis heme catabolism in mice using the IFP1.4 gene reporter

B. anthracis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium which likes all pathogenic bacteria, survive by sequestering heme from its host. To image B. anthracis heme catabolism in vivo , we stably transfect new red excitable fluorescent protein, IFP1.4, that requires the heme catabolism product biliverdin (BV). IFP1.4 reporter has favorable excitation and emission characteristics, which has an absorption peak at 685 nm and an emission peak at 708 nm. Therefore, IFP1.4 reporter can be imaged deeply into the tissue with less contamination from tissue autofluorescence. However, the excitation light "leakage" through optical filters can limit detection and sensitivity of IFP1.4 reporter due to the small Stoke's shift of IFP1.4 fluorescence. To minimize the excitation light leakage, an intensified CCD (ICCD) based infrared fluorescence imaging device was optimized using two band pass filters separated by a focus lens to increase the optical density at the excitation wavelength. In this study, a mouse model (DBA/J2) was first injected with B. anthracis bacteria expressing IFP1.4, 150 μl s.c., on the ventral side of the left thigh. Then mouse was given 250 μl of a 1mM BV solution via I.V. injection. Imaging was conducted as a function of time after infection under light euthanasia, excised tissues were imaged and IFP1.4 fluorescence correlated with standard culture measurements of colony forming units (CFU). The work demonstrates the use of IFP1.4 as a reporter of bacterial utilization of host heme and may provide an important tool for understanding the pathogenesis of bacterial infection and developing new anti-bacterial therapeutics.