cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of baseline estimation on the reliability, validity, and precision of CBM-R growth estimates

This study examined the effect of baseline estimation on the quality of trend estimates derived from Curriculum Based Measurement of Oral Reading (CBM-R) progress monitoring data. The authors used a linear mixed effects regression (LMER) model to simulate progress monitoring data for schedules ranging from 6-20 weeks for datasets with high and low levels of residual variance (poor and good quality datasets respectively). Three observations per day for the first three days of data collection were generated for baseline estimation. As few as one and as many as nine observations were used to calculate baseline. The number of weeks of progress monitoring and the quality of the dataset were highly influential on the reliability, validity, and precision of simulated growth estimates. Results supported the use of using the median of three observations collected on the first day to estimate baseline, particularly when the first observation of that day systematically underestimated student performance. Collecting a large number of observations to estimate baseline does not appear to improve the quality of CBM-R growth estimates.
Tandem genetic duplications in Salmonella typhimurium: Amplification of the histidine operon

Abstract Salmonella strains harboring tandem duplications of chromosomal segments including the histidine operon may be selected from populations of hisO promoter-like mutants. The twofold increase in gene dosage of the histidine operon caused by tandem duplication provides resistance to concentrations of the histidine analogue 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole that inhibit the growth of haploid hisO mutants. Several properties of AT ‡ -resistant mutants indicate that they harbor tandem chromosomal duplications: (i) the AT-resistant phenotype of these strains is genetically unstable. Such instability is dependent upon a functional recombination system, (ii) AT-resistant mutants express approximately twice the levels of his enzymes as parental strains. (iii) Genetic tests indicate that AT-resistant mutants are merodiploid for large segments (up to 26%) of their genome. (iv) For certain isolates, the merodiploid and AT-resistant nature of these strains are properties cotransducible with a distant chromosomal marker unrelated to the his operon. We interpret these results as indicating cotransduction of the join-point of a tandem duplication with this distant marker. The spontaneous frequency of tandem his duplications is remarkably high (6·2 × 10 −5 per cell). This frequency is more than 6000-fold reduced in recA − genetic backgrounds. Two major types of tandem his duplications are repeatedly isolated, having an identical ~13% or ~22% of their genome duplicated, respectively. When duplication-containing strains are grown under conditions that select for resistance to increased AT concentrations, clones harboring additional tandem copies (amplification) of the his operon are obtained. The role which such gene amplification may play in bacterial adaptation is discussed.
Beyond Asset Ownership: Employment and Assetless Firms in a Property-Rights Theory of the Firm

This paper enriches the celebrated Grossman-Hart-Moore (GHM) property-rights model with employment relationships. By combining the GHM view of the firm as a bundle of asset ownership with the Alchian and Demsetz (1972) view of the firm as a nexus of contracts, the model yields, in some cases, different optimal asset ownership from what the GHM model implies. We show the nexus of contracts is a meaningful instrument to govern transactions even with the presence of asset ownership. The optimal contractual network structure depends on the relationship-specificity of investments, distinguishing from GHM where the asset ownership depends on the asset-specificity of investments.
Short maturity options for Azéma–Yor martingales

A class of positive Azema–Yor martingales was first introduced in the option pricing context by Peter Carr (2014). In this paper, we present a rigorous study of the short maturity asymptotics for Asian, upper barrier, lower barrier and European options with continuous-time averaging, under the assumption that the underlying asset follows a Azema–Yor martingale.
Beach Erosion: Causes and Stabilization

Natural and human-related causes of beach erosion are discussed and illustrated by examples. Sea level rise, trapping of sand by natural inlets and migration of natural inlets are the most pervasive natural causes. Construction of navigation works, followed by reduction in sediment delivery to the coast and subsidence induced by ground fluid extraction are the most prevalent human-related causes. Application of the Bruun Rule to sea level rise is discussed including its limitations and extensions to include beach nourishment and barrier islands. Prediction of shoreline changes caused by natural phenomena on decadal scales can only be accurately calculated with historical data. However, predictions of shoreline and volume changes due to human-induced effects such as construction of a littoral barrier or a beach nourishment project can reasonably be calculated with analytical and numerical models. Societal responses to beach erosion are expensive and limited to: retreat, stabilization with structures, nourishment and combinations of the last two. Each beach is unique thus placing a need to understand the cause of the erosion, develop a prognosis for “without response” conditions and prescribe the best approach for the future. Fortunately, long-term shoreline changes are available in some areas as are the effectiveness of some stabilization projects to guide this process. It is concluded that it will be possible to maintain some highly developed areas for one or two centuries with available technology and resources. Some areas will undoubtedly require abandonment within this period.
Taking Aim at Recent Legislative Proposals to Curb Gun Violence from Mental Illness: A Second Amendment Response

The Consortium for Risk-Based Firearms Policy’s report “Guns, Public Health, and Mental Illness: An Evidence-Based Approach for State Policy” has furthered an important conversation at a critical time, because mental health and firearms law are emerging areas of American jurisprudence. Written by an attorney who has represented hundreds of patients alleged to be suffering from a mental illness, and who has represented numerous rehabilitated individuals in firearm rights restoration proceedings, this Article criticizes the Consortium’s Report for consistently seeking to redirect the restoration process away from courts into the territory of mental health professionals. Specifically, three of the Report’s principal recommendations should be reconsidered. First, the majority of federal circuit courts that have decided the issue have held that temporary detention does not impose a federal firearms disability; therefore, firearm rights restoration petitions that arise from temporary detention should not be subject to time-based jurisdictional limitations. Second, testimony of a mental health professional should not be a jurisdictional prerequisite for courts to conduct firearm rights restoration hearings. And third, the prospective removal of firearms from an individual with or without a warrant should not be imposed absent an order of involuntary commitment where the individual has received due process. These proposals reflect underappreciation for, and an occasional misunderstanding of, the practical and legal realities of firearms rights restoration proceedings. Moreover, their ability to withstand Second Amendment scrutiny is subject to doubt.
Development and Evaluation of a Doctoral-Level Public Health Pedagogy Course for Graduate Student Instructors

ABSTRACTThis article describes the development, implementation, and systematic evaluation of a public health pedagogy course for first-time graduate student instructors in a Health Behavior doctoral program at a Midwestern School of Public Health. The pedagogy course focused on intensive pedagogical training in the first 8 weeks of a 16-week semester and then served as a forum for reflection and feedback during the second 8 weeks, when the enrolled graduate students served as either instructors of record or graduate teaching assistants for introductory health courses. Course participants (N = 7) completed anonymous pre-, mid- and post-course online surveys that assessed general teaching skills, discipline-specific teaching skills, and desire to pursue scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) activities. Participants' teaching self-efficacy increased for almost all survey items throughout the semester, particularly related to the instruction of health courses. Participants reported positive perceptions ...
Self-Organization of Spatial Patterning in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The developing embryo is a remarkable example of self-organization, where functional units are created in a complex spatiotemporal choreography. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been used to recapitulate in vitro the self-organization programs that are executed in the embryo in vivo. This represents an unique opportunity to address self-organization in humans that is otherwise not addressable with current technologies. In this chapter, we review the recent literature on self-organization of human ESCs, with a particular focus on two examples: formation of embryonic germ layers and neural rosettes. Intriguingly, both activation and elimination of TGFβ signaling can initiate self-organization, albeit with different molecular underpinnings. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the formation of these structures in vitro and explore future challenges in the field.
Randomlyn-cyclic digraphs

A digraphD is randomlyn-cyclic (n?3) if for each vertexv ofD, every (directed) path with initial vertexv and having length at mostn?1 can be extended to av?v (directed) cycle of lengthn. Several results related to and examples of randomlyn-cyclic digraphs are presented. Also, all randomlyn-cyclic digraphs forn=3, 4, and 5 are determined.
Within- and Between-Session Changes in Neural Activity During Emotion Processing in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

Abstract Background Bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) can be difficult to distinguish clinically, particularly during episodes of depression. In this study, we test for differences between adults with BD, adults with UD, and healthy control (HC) adults regarding within-session and between-session changes in blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) response during implicit emotional processing. Methods During functional magnetic resonance imaging, HC adults ( n = 19) and adults with UD ( n = 19) and BD ( n = 16) performed an implicit emotion processing task. Each participant was scanned twice, separated by 6 months, resulting in 108 scans. The BOLD response and linear change in BOLD response were examined within and between sessions. Results We observed within-session linear decreases in BOLD signal (regardless of group, condition, or session) in the left amygdala, a right-sided temporoparietal region, and a right-sided frontoinsular region. We also observed group differences in within-session BOLD signal change ( p p p Conclusions Adults with BD demonstrated linear attenuation of BOLD response to emotional stimuli within left-sided striatoinsular-thalamic regions. Adults with BD may either have experienced abnormal habituation in this region or have disengaged quickly from processing the emotional stimuli, despite comparable task performance. This pattern may represent an underlying pathophysiologic process associated with BD that differs from UD.
Efficacy of Recombinant Yeast-derived Hepatitis B Vaccine Endermic Vaccination

Objective To understand the immunogenicity and potential adverse effects of recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine(YDV)endermic vaccination in health adult volunteers who had non-responsiveness after one,two or three schedules intramuscular vaccination.Methods Fifteen volunteers were given 5 μg/dose of endermic vaccination once every 2 weeks for 4 times.The potential adverse effects were observed within 72 hours after vaccination,and the serum samples were collected for testing anti-HBs at 1 and 2 months after vaccination.Results The result showed that the diameter of the skin hillock ranged 0.8 cm to 1.3 cm,and disappeared after 45-120min.The local reaction were slight with a rate of 6.8% and disappeared without treatment within 72 hours.No skin rash,fever etc.systemic adverse reactions were found.One and two months after full dose immunization,the anti-HBs positive rate of endermic vaccination was 66.7% and 86.7%.There were no significant differences on sero-conversion rate among men and women(χ2=0.043,P0.05).Conclusion These results clearly demonstrate that YDV endermic vaccination had excellent safety and immunogenicity and maybe feasible for expanded.
On the calculation of anisotropic reservoir permeability

Reservoir permeability is of anisotropy from complicated geologic structure, hence the study for anisotropy of rock permeability plays a key role in exploring and developing oil and/or gas field. On the basis of test data from whole core analysis device in laboratory, this paper establishes a mathematical model about three-dimensional unsteady flow in anisotropic porous medium as well as an auto-matching model about calculation of anisotropic rock permeability which is solved by sequential quadratic programming methods. Examples are given which show this research is valuable.
Epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of Intestinal infectious diseases of Type A and Type B in Pizhou city,2006-2010

Objective To analyze the epidemiological pattern of Type A and Type B intestinal infectious diseases,and provide scientific basis for infectious disease prevention and control effectively.Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the infectious diseases data from 2006 to 2010.Results The number of accumulated cases with 5 kinds of Type A and Type B intestinal infectious diseases reached 1 303 cases between 2006 and 2010 in Pizhou,an average incidence was 15.29 per 100,000 annually.Intestinal infection rates were shown gently down trend.Cases distributed year-round and the peak periods occurred from June to September,accounted for 49.27% of the reported cases.There were two peak crows,one was infants and children with less than 5 years old,accounted for 20.57%(268/1303),mainly caused by diarrhea;the other was mid-aged population ages ranged from 40 to 60 years,accounted for 20.57%(268/1 303),mainly for hepatitis E and hepatitis(not points) of type.Males were higher than females.Conclusion Both scattered children and farmers were the high-risk crows of onset of intestinal infectious diseases,thus it was known that the key measures of making the drop of intestinal infectious disease were to control dysentery and hepatitis effectively in Pizhou.
A review of the substance use disorders section of the DSM-IV.

The background and process for developing the diagnostic criteria that will be in the substance use disorders section of the DSM-IV are reviewed. Although decisions about a number of specific items have not yet been finalized, the main areas upon which the DSM-IV work group has focused are described. Major efforts have been made to develop criteria that are empirically based, are useful to practitioners, and are consistent with the International Classification of Diseases.
Phosphorylase activity and glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate, and lactic acid content of human skeletal muscle in various myopathies.

Abstract Muscle biopsy specimens from 25 patients with and without clinical and histologic cvidence of muscle disease were studied for evidence of possible primary defects in glycolysis. Diseased muscle from patients with myasthenia gravis, lower motor neuron disease, polyarteritis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, ocular myopathy, and progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type were assayed for phosphorylase activity and glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, and noncollagen protein content. The data indicate that phosphorylase activity decreases in both hereditary and acquired diseases of muscle. Muscle from some patients with myasthcnia gravis showed moderately decreased phosphorylase activity. Denervating diseases produced a greater decrease, but the most marked decrease was seen in patients with primary muscle disease. Glycogen content varied considerably, both in normal and diseased muscle. Glucose-6-phosphate content also varied in the primary myopathies, but in general was decreased. On the other hand. lactate tended to accumulate, particularly in progressive muscular dystrophy. Some possible metabolic implications of these findings are discussed. Though encompassing a relatively small number of patients in each clinical group, the data do not support the presence of a primary disturbance in glycolysis in any of the conditions studied.
Review of Nanocomposites in Wastewater Treatment

Mishra, Ajay Kumar, editor. 2014. Pan Stanford Publishing. Hardcover. 292 pp. ISBN 978-9814463546. Nanocomposites have broad applications in different areas such as biological sciences, drug delivery systems, wastewater treatment, and soil improvement. Nanocomposite structures provide large surface
Early Transition of Children with Special Needs

The transition from one service program to another may create discontinuity in a young child's developmental progress. The interruptions in services and child development may be due to a number of factors. These include differences in regulatory requirements that delay the start of new services, family or staff expectations about the child's readiness for a change in services, or simply the failure to share assessments and records about a child's current developmental status. This article examines factors that influence the smooth transition of very young children from early intervention programs to preschool programs and to kindergarten or primary programs.
The Localization of Intrarenal Calculi During Surgery

AbstractThis is a summary review of past and present technology for accurate anatomical localization of calculi within the surgically exposed kidney. The methodology is applicable to reconstructive renal surgery for pathological processes other than calculi.
Addition of tumor bulk to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) does not improve prognostication in diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

7585 Background: Bulky disease in DLBCL has been linked to adverse outcomes. Tumor bulk was not included in the IPI due to lack of uniform data availability. Radiation to sites of bulky disease may...
Interpreting the Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Children: Tribulation and Triangulation

Knowledge on the prevalence of mental disorders among children informs the work of many health care providers, public health researchers, educators, and policy makers, and any single data source and study methodology can provide valuable insight. However, it is only after prevalence estimates from complementary studies are considered together that distinctions can be made to more deeply inform an assessment of community needs, including diagnosed prevalence versus underlying prevalence, differences between insured and uninsured populations, and how estimates change over time. National surveys, community-based studies, and administrative claims data each provide a different type of information that builds broad understanding. This article presents some of the overarching complexities of the issue, discusses strengths and weaknesses of some common data sources and methodologies used to generate epidemiological estimates, and describes ways in which these data sources complement one another and contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence of pediatric mental disorders.
Generalities about Signs, Neumes, Periods and Development Sentences

Semiotics is the dimension of meaning. It studies the structure of symbols and signs and their associated meanings. We will start by introducing the basic principles of semiotics: the different levels of symbols and the structure of musical symbolism. We will then discuss philosophers and linguists that studied semiotics, and explain their theories as they relate to music. We will apply the theories of Ferdinand de Saussure, who is perhaps the most influential scholar of semiotics, to analyze and exemplify music as a symbolic system. In an overview of more contemporary analyses of symbolism in music, we will discuss the HarmoRubette software and Riemann harmony. Additionally, we will discuss the Babushka Principle of semiotics, which leads into such topics as connotation, motivation, and metatheory.
Health Librarianship: An Introduction edited by Jeffrey Huber, and Feili Tu-Keefner

This book provides a broad introduction to what it means to be a health librarian. It is intended for new library science students or those who are totally unfamiliar with health sciences librarian...
Fast and effective lossy compression algorithms for scientific datasets

This paper focuses on developing effective and efficient algorithms for compressing scientific simulation data computed on structured and unstructured grids. A paradigm for lossy compression of this data is proposed in which the data computed on the grid is modeled as a graph, which gets decomposed into sets of vertices which satisfy a user defined error constraint e. Each set of vertices is replaced by a constant value with reconstruction error bounded by e. A comprehensive set of experiments is conducted by comparing these algorithms and other state-of-the-art scientific data compression methods. Over our benchmark suite, our methods obtained compression of 1% of the original size with average PSNR of 43.00 and 3% of the original size with average PSNR of 63.30. In addition, our schemes outperform other state-of-the-art lossy compression approaches and require on the average 25% of the space required by them for similar or better PSNR levels.
DIGITIZING THE ACCOUNTING HISTORIANS JOURNAL: A SHORT HISTORY

The University of Mississippi Library has digitized the Accounting Historians Journal from 1974 through 1992, cover-to-cover. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' gift of their library to the University of Mississippi was, fortuitously, the impetus for the AHJ digitizing project. A complicated chain of events followed which included discussions with the Academy of Accounting Historians for copyright permission, an application for a federal grant, negotiations with software vendors, and decisions about search capabilities and display formats. Each article in AHJ is now full-text searchable with accompanying PDF page images.
Disease Expression and Gene Expression Can Be Quite Distinct: Modulation of Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channels by the Human Myotonin Dystrophy Protein Kinase (HMPK)*

The genetic mutation responsible for the autosomal dominant inheritance of myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a variable triplet repeat (CTG) that is located in the 3′ untranslated region of a gene with protein kinase domains named myotonin protein kinase [1–4]. The CTG repeat segregates in the normal population and varies from 5 to 40 repeats, while in asymptomatic DM gene carriers and patients it varies from 50 to several thousand repeats. The role of the human myotonin protein kinase gene (HMPK) and the effects of the triplet repeat are unknown [2,5–7].
The Effect of the Dodd-Frank Act on Arbitration Agreements: A Proposal for Consumer Choice

On September 3, 1929, the Dow Jones Industrial Average peaked at a historic 381.2 points, but by November 13, 1929, the market fell 199 points, creating a selling hemorrhage that would define the next decade of life in the United States. When the market bottomed out in 1932, American stocks had lost 90% of their value, leaving President Franklin Roosevelt and Congress with the task of rebuilding both the trading capability of the nation’s securities exchanges and the public’s confidence in the market. Prior to the market crash of 1929, there was no need for extensive securities regulation due to the prosperous post-World War I economy. It was not until approximately $25 billion in wealth had been lost that the need for oversight became a legislative priority. Born out of the crisis of the
Introduction and Preliminaries

This monograph presents several recent developments of the theory of almost automorphic and almost periodic functions (in the sense of S. Bochner) with values in an abstract space and its applications to abstract differential equations. We suppose that the reader is familiar with the fundamentals of Functional Analysis. However, to facilitate the understanding of the exposition, we give in the beginning, without proof, some facts of the theory of topological vector spaces and linear operators which will be used later on in the text.
Comportamiento reproductivo y desarrollo de los estadios tempranos del bagre marino Aphos porosus , de la bahía de Valparaíso, Chile

Con el objetivo de estudiar el comportamiento reproductivo y describir los huevos y larvas del bagre Aphos porosus (Pisces: Batrachoididae), se realizaron observaciones durante 6 temporadas de desove en la zona intermareal rocoso de Montemar, bahia de Valparaiso, Chile. Se mantuvieron peces adultos en el laboratorio y se controlo el desarrollo de huevos y larvas. Tambien se realizo la fertilizacion artificial de huevos en el laboratorio. Se observo la llegada de los machos a la costa a partir de octubre, seguidos de las hembras en noviembre y diciembre de cada ano. Los huevos fueron adheridos a las paredes verticales o inferiores de las piedras y grietas de las pozas del intermareal de Montemar y en las paredes de los estanques. Su diametro fue de 5,3 ± 0,3 mm. La eclosion se produjo a los 18 d a 18,6°C y a los 21 d a 16,3°C. Las larvas recien eclosionadas midieron en promedio 4,8 mm de longitud total (LT) (rango entre 4,3 a 5,1 mm LT) y realizaron parte de su desarrollo adheridas al sustrato por el saco vitelino. Antes de consumir completamente el vitelo, las larvas ya presentaban el patron de pigmentacion y la forma del cuerpo similar a la de los juveniles. Al terminar de absorber el vitelo, las larvas midieron 20,5 a 24,0 mm LT y se liberaron del sustrato entre los 60 y 65 d de edad. Este trabajo constituye un aporte sobre aspectos no descritos del comportamiento reproductivo y la ontogenia de A. porosus, dentro del conjunto de especies de peces de la costa de Chile
Moderated Mediation of Perceived Intoxication and Sexual Arousal on Determinants of Sexual Risk Behavior in Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Behavioral interventions remain the preferred strategy for reducing HIV-related risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM), one of the populations most affected by HIV. To improve intervention efforts, research is needed to identify cognitive-motivational factors that may play a role in sexual risk behaviors among MSM. This study sought to replicate and extend previous work from a heterosexual population that identified a serial mediation effect of perceived intoxication and subjective sexual arousal in the relationship between alcohol consumption and determinants of sexual risk in a population of MSM. Exploratory moderated mediation analyses tested subjective sexual arousal as a moderator of the indirect effect of alcohol consumption on determinants of sexual risk via perceived intoxication. Participants (N = 117 MSM, ages 21–50) were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions based on two manipulations: beverage condition (alcohol, placebo, or control) and sexual arousal (low or high). Dependent measures were likelihood to engage in risky sex and condom negotiation skills. Results did not support the serial mediation effect but showed some support for the moderated mediation model in the prediction of behavioral skills. Implications for alcohol and arousal myopia theories of risky behavior and HIV prevention efforts are discussed.
Le Droit et ses médiations : Pratiques d'instruction des demandes d'asile et encadrement institutionnel des décisions

Les travaux qui portent sur la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques et, en particulier, sur la sreet-level bureaucracy apprehendent generalement la question du pouvoir discretionnaire a un niveau individuel a partir de la liberte d’action dont disposeraient les agents de terrain. Sur la base d’une enquete ethnographique au sein de l’administration responsable du traitement des demandes d’asile en Suisse, cet article analyse la question sous un autre angle : a partir des mediations sociales, institutionnelles et juridiques a travers lesquelles le droit oriente les comportements des agents. L’analyse des mediations du droit revele surtout l’importance d’un pouvoir normatif collectif de l’administration, qui reside dans l’elaboration de « normes secondaires d’application » par les agents. Cet article montre aussi qu’il existe, au sein de l’institution, tout un travail a la fois juridique et social qui encadre, oriente et contraint les pratiques des agents.
A Curious Case of Sweet Smelling Urine

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by decreased enzymatic activity of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase which leads to an inability to break down branched chain amino acids. It is critical for physicians to make a prompt diagnosis of metabolic disorders to decreased metabolic decompensations and mitigate long-term complications A 33 year old G2 P2 Indian woman with no known family history of MSUD gave …
Optimizing Lower Extremity Duplex Ultrasound Screening After Traumatic Injury.

Abstract Background The risk assessment profile (RAP) score has been used to determine patients who would most benefit from lower extremity duplex ultrasound screening (LEDUS). We hypothesized that revising our LEDUS protocol to perform screening ultrasound examinations in patients with an RAP ≥8 within 48 h of admission would reduce the number of LEDUS performed without changing outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on trauma patients admitted from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015, and July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017. In 2014-2015, patients with an RAP score ≥5 underwent weekly LEDUS examinations starting on hospital day 4. In 2016-2017, the protocol was changed to start screening patients with an RAP score ≥8 by hospital day 2. Both protocols screened with weekly ultrasounds after the first examination. Demographic data, injury characteristics, LEDUS examination findings, chemoprophylaxis type, and venous thromboembolism incidence were collected. Results A total of 602 patients underwent LEDUS examination in 2014-2015, whereas only 412 underwent LEDUS in 2016-2017. No significant difference was seen in the number of patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism. DVTs were most often identified on the first LEDUS examination in both cohorts. Of patients diagnosed with a DVT on an LEDUS examination, a significantly higher RAP score (12 versus 10), and a shorter time to first duplex (1 versus 3 d), and DVT diagnosis (2 versus 4 d) were observed in the 2016-2017 cohort. In patients diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism, no significant differences were demonstrated between cohorts. Conclusions Refinement of LEDUS protocols can decrease overutilization of hospital resources without compromising trauma patient outcomes.
Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing with Texas Instruments MSP430FR2433 and MSP430FR5994 – Part II: Second Edition

This book provides a thorough introduction to the Texas Instruments MSP430™ microcontroller. The MSP430 is a 16-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor that features ultra-low power consumption and integrated digital and analog hardware. Variants of the MSP430 microcontroller have been in production since 1993. This provides for a host of MSP430 products including evaluation boards, compilers, software examples, and documentation. A thorough introduction to the MSP430 line of microcontrollers, programming techniques, and interface concepts are provided along with considerable tutorial information with many illustrated examples. Each chapter provides laboratory exercises to apply what has been presented in the chapter. The book is intended for an upper level undergraduate course in microcontrollers or mechatronics but may also be used as a reference for capstone design projects. Also, practicing engineers already familiar with another microcontroller, who require a quick tutorial on the microcontroller, will find this book very useful. This second edition introduces the MSP–EXP430FR5994 and the MSP430–EXP430FR2433 LaunchPads. Both LaunchPads are equipped with a variety of peripherals and Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM). FRAM is a nonvolatile, low-power memory with functionality similar to flash memory.
Pharmacologic and clinical assessment of kratom: An update.

Purpose This article presents updated information on kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a natural opioid with stimulant properties that is currently sold in the United States without a prescription. Summary Kratom exerts opioid and alpha-2 agonistic effects, as well as anti-inflammatory and mild stimulant effects. Respiratory depression has not been commonly reported, but kratom does cause a host of adverse effects. While kratom may have a role in patients who are in chronic pain or dependent on opioid painkillers or heroin, this needs to be established in clinical trials. Kratom may have drug interactions as both a cytochrome P-450 system substrate and inhibitor. Kratom does not appear in normal drug screens and, especially when ingested with other substances of abuse, may not be recognized as an agent of harm. There are numerous cases of death in kratom users, but many involved polypharmaceutical ingestions. There are assessments where people have been unable to stop using kratom therapy and withdrawal signs/symptoms occurred in patients or their newborn babies after kratom cessation. Both banning and failure to ban kratom places people at risk; a middle-ground alternative, placing it behind the pharmacy counter, might be useful. Conclusion Kratom has a unique pharmacologic profile that might offer advantages over other opioids, but its high abuse liability, potential for drug interactions and adverse events, and inadequate research into the balance of benefits to harm are concerning. There is mounting information on the adverse events associated with kratom use and potential treatments that can be useful to clinicians.
Maltotriose-based probes for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of bacterial infections

Currently, there are no non-invasive tools to accurately diagnose wound and surgical site infections before they become systemic or cause significant anatomical damage. Fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging are cost-effective imaging modalities that can be used to noninvasively diagnose bacterial infections when paired with a molecularly targeted infection imaging agent. Here, we develop a fluorescent derivative of maltotriose (Cy7-1-maltotriose), which is shown to be taken up in a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains in vitro. In vivo fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging studies highlight the ability of this probe to detect infection, assess infection burden, and visualize the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in E. coli-induced myositis and a clinically relevant S. aureus wound infection murine model. In addition, we show that maltotriose is an ideal scaffold for infection imaging agents encompassing better pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo stability than other maltodextrins (e.g. maltohexose).
Systematic Study of Ionic Liquids Based Coal Extraction: Selectivity in Extract Molecular Weights and Targeted Functional Groups

Ionic liquids (ILs) are environmentally friendly solvents that have been used to extract valuable compounds from coal and biomass. In this work, eight methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids were sel...
Acute Kidney Injury Patterns Following Transplantation of Steatotic Liver Allografts.

Background: Steatotic grafts are increasingly being used for liver transplant (LT); however, the impact of graft steatosis on renal function has not been well described. Methods: A total of 511 allografts from Mayo Clinic Arizona and Minnesota were assessed. We evaluated post-LT acute kidney injury (AKI) patterns, perioperative variables and one-year outcomes for patients receiving moderately steatotic allografts (>30% macrovesicular steatosis, n = 40) and compared them to non-steatotic graft recipients. Results: Post-LT AKI occurred in 52.5% of steatotic graft recipients versus 16.7% in non-steatotic recipients (p < 0.001). Ten percent of steatotic graft recipients required new dialysis post-LT (p = 0.003). At five years, there were no differences for AKI vs. no AKI patient survival (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.08–10.6, p = 0.95) or allograft survival (HR 1.73, 95% CI 0.23–13.23, p = 0.59) for those using steatotic grafts. Lipopeliosis on biopsy was common in those who developed AKI (61.0% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.04), particularly when the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) was ≥20 (88.9%; p = 0.04). Lipopeliosis was a predictor of post-LT AKI (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.1–34.6, p = 0.04). Conclusion: One-year outcomes for moderately steatotic grafts are satisfactory; however, a higher percentage of post-LT AKI and initiation of dialysis can be expected. Presence of lipopeliosis on biopsy appears to be predictive of post-LT AKI.
Effect of conjugated (EK)10 peptide on structural and dynamic properties of ubiquitin protein: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Peptide conjugation modulates the stability and function of enzymes and therapeutic proteins. It remains unclear how the attached peptides influence the properties of the original protein. To shed light on this question, this work investigates the structural and dynamic properties of two model protein-peptide conjugates: (glutamic acid-lysine)10-N-ubiquitin and ubiquitin-C-(glutamic acid-lysine)10 using molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of the conjugated peptide on the properties of ubiquitin protein is investigated by analysing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of Cα atoms on amino acid residues, the secondary structure of amino acid residues, solvent accessible surface area of protein regions and residue-residue distance. The simulation results show that the N-terminal and C-terminal conjugated peptides maintain the stability of the ubiquitin protein at room temperature and enhance its ability to resist the denaturing effect of high temperature. The simulations also show that the conjugated peptide can adjust the secondary structures of distant amino acid residues via the allosteric effect. This work further discusses the effect of such a change in the secondary structure of amino acid residues on the function of the ubiquitin protein. The simulations show the importance of the anchoring position and allosteric effect of the conjugated peptide on its ability to influence the stability and function of the protein.
Editorial: Testing the Validity of the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier.

Colins et al.1 address a timely and important topic. Specifically, both the DSM-5 and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) for the first time introduced a specifier (ie, with limited prosocial emotions) for the diagnosis of conduct disorder (DSM-5) or for the diagnoses of conduct-dissocial and oppositional defiant disorders (ICD-11) to designate those persons with these disorders who also show elevated levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. This change was based on research showing that children and adolescents with significant conduct problems who also show elevated levels of CU traits seem to be an etiologically and clinically important subgroup of persons with these disorders.2,3 The DSM-5 chose not to conduct field trials to test the validity of new diagnoses (only reliability) and, instead, considers research on new diagnoses as the field trials for future revisions of the manual.4 Thus, the work by Colins et al.1 is critical for this validation process. The study by Colins et al. has a number of methodological features that make their results particularly informative.1 The most notable feature was the use of a large nonreferred sample that was followed from 3 to 5 years of age to 11 to 13 years of age with a high retention rate. The authors also provide a nice summary of past attempts to validate the LPE specifier, which has provided mixed support at best. However, they also note that most of these studies did not use the full criteria for the LPE specifier and that this is an important limitation that Colins et al. overcome, especially given that the criteria include only 4 symptoms. Thus, the authors' findings that children with the LPE specifier and serious conduct problems exhibited more conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and comorbid problems (ie, fearlessness, symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) and were at higher risk for future CD symptoms 3 years later are critical advances.
Acute liver failure in newborns

Acute liver failure is a condition that is defined as a sudden, complete, or nearly complete loss of liver functions without any previous liver disease, usually accompanied by encephalopathy, which can be reversible, but with a mortality rate of 55-70%. Acute liver failure newborns is an acute liver failure in the first 28 days of life. The Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Working Group identified the presence of coagulopathy as the main finding for the identification of acute liver failure in childhood following vitamin K administration. Although the incidence of acute liver failure is reported to be 17/100 000 in all ages, its incidence is not known exactly in newborn and childhood. The most common cause of acute liver failure in the newborn period is the gestational alloimmune liver disease that was previously known as neonatal hemochromatosis. This is followed by viral infections, metabolic diseases, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and other rare causes. In the neonatal period, acute liver failure is a rare condition with a high mortality rate. For this reason, the vital signs of the patients should be closely monitored and supportive treatments should be planned according to the follow-up and the etiology of the disease should be clarified urgently. In this process, acyclovir treatment until herpes simplex virus infection is excluded and lactose-free feeding until galactosemia is excluded are recommended as life-saving treatments. In the literature, since there is a limited number of studies related to neonatal acute liver failure, prospective studies investigating the factors affecting treatment and prognosis are needed.
Basic surface electrocardiogram interpretation for the pharmacist.

PURPOSE The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an invaluable tool for clinicians that provides important information about a patient's heart. As clinical pharmacists play an ever-increasing role in cardiovascular care, ECG interpretation is an important skill with which to become familiar. SUMMARY The ECG provides information on both electrical and biomechanical aspects of the heart. Electrical information such as the rhythm, rate, and axis of the electrical activity can all be provided by the ECG. Biomechanical information about the heart, such as the presence of ventricular hypertrophy and repolarization changes that may be associated with ischemia or myocardial injury, can also easily be gleaned from the ECG. Furthermore, the ECG plays a central role in both the diagnosis and treatment of common clinical conditions such as atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and QT interval prolongation. CONCLUSION The ECG is one of the most commonly performed diagnostic tests, and clinicians should become familiar with its basic interpretation.
Expanding after School Program Access for Vulnerable Students: Examining the Efficacy of Federal Policy and Funding:

After school programs provide low income students and students of color with learning opportunities across both academic and non-academic domains that such students would otherwise not get. In this...
Dividend behaviour of US equity REITs

A new era began for US equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) around 1992. This study is the first to document the dividend smoothing, determinants of dividend payouts, and the market reactio...
The Paradox of the Black Professional: Whitewashing Blackness through Professionalism:

Discrimination against Black workers in the United States workplace is an ongoing problem. This study explores one understudied type of discrimination—the paradoxes and contradictions that create u...
Allele frequency dynamics under sex-biased demography and sex-specific inheritance in a pedigreed population

Sex-biased demography, including sex-biased survival or migration, can impact allele frequency changes across the genome. In particular, we can expect different patterns of genetic variation on autosomes and sex chromosomes due to sex-specific differences in life histories, as well as differences in effective population size, transmission modes, and the strength and mode of selection. Here, we demonstrate the role that sex differences in life history played in shaping short-term evolutionary dynamics across the genome. We used a 25-year pedigree and genomic dataset from a long-studied population of Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) to directly characterize the relative roles of sex-biased demography and inheritance in shaping genome-wide allele frequency trajectories. We used gene dropping simulations to estimate individual genetic contributions to future generations and to model drift and immigration on the known pedigree. We quantified differential expected genetic contributions of males and females over time, showing the impact of sex-biased dispersal in a monogamous system. Due to female-biased dispersal, more autosomal variation is introduced by female immigrants. However, due to male-biased transmission, more Z variation is introduced by male immigrants. Finally, we partitioned the proportion of variance in allele frequency change through time due to male and female contributions. Overall, most allele frequency change is due to variance in survival and births. Males and females have similar contributions to autosomal allele frequency change, but males have higher contributions to allele frequency change on the Z chromosome. Our work shows the importance of understanding sex-specific demographic processes in accounting for genome-wide allele frequency change in wild populations.
Ovary-stimulating factors and antihormones

Abstract A series of experiments has been conducted to study the occurrence of “antihormones” in the blood of experimental animals injected daily for a long period of time with gonadotropic extracts. The injection into rats of a preparation of human pituitary gland for 90 or 119 days resulted in the production of substances capable of inhibiting the action of gonadotropic extracts prepared from both human hypophyses and from blood of pregnant women. A species-specificity was demonstrable, however, as it proved ineffective with sheep pituitary extracts. The administration to rabbits of a human pregnancy blood gonadotropic extract for seventy-four days resulted in the production of substances capable of inhibiting similar extracts, but ineffective against either human or sheep pituitary gland preparations. It was not possible by similar means to demonstrate any “antihormones” in the blood of women during the first ten days of the puerperium.