cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Extreme Response Style: Differences in Frequency of Use of Extreme Positive and Negative Ratings

Summary In three experiments (N = 271), involving three different sets of nouns and adjectives, and one set of CVC trigrams, women consistently made significantly more extreme positive ratings than men. There were no significant differences in the use of extreme negative responses. The results suggested the hypothesis that relatively mild, positive stimuli evoke a greater, more differentiated range of reactions in women than in men. The hypothesis received support from a comparison of the relative consistency of men and women in rating positive and negative CVC trigrams and Rorschach cards. A fourth experiment (N = 196) found that women did better than men on a paired comparisons task of positive stimuli, thus adding further support to the hypothesis.
Feasibility study of In Situ CO2 capture on an integrated catalytic CO2 sorbent for hydrogen production from methane

Abstract The capture of CO 2 on the novel CaO on γ-Al 2 O 3 sorbent was demonstrated experimen tally in the temperature regime of the steam meth ane reforming process. Thermogravimetric analysis illustrated that both capture and regeneration of CO 2 can take place at 650 ∘ C; however, the kinetics of the two processes are observed to be very dissimilar. The sorbent was successfully wash-coated on a ceramic monolith and a flow-through reactor test of the monolith illustrated the feasibility of CO 2 capture from a simulated gas stream.
Human related issues in manufacturing cell design, implementation, and operation: a review and survey

The application of cellular manufacturing in batch-type environments is a well-known manufacturing strategy that typically improves manufacturing efficiency by utilizing the philosophy of group technology. It is also important that for the successful implementation of cellular manufacturing, that one focuses both on technical issues (cell formation and design) and human issues. Unfortunately, human issues are typically not examined as rigorously as often as technical issues. This paper presents an overview and evaluation of the diverse range of human issues involved in cellular manufacturing based on an extensive literature review. Further, a survey to determine the importance of eight different human issues in cellular manufacturing was administered to a sample of academics, managers, and workers involved in cellular design and implementation results are presented and discussed.
Evaluation of Tibial Dyschondroplasia During Aflatoxicosis and Feed Restriction in Young Broiler Chickens

Graded levels of aflatoxin (0, .625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 microgram of toxin per gram of feed) were incorporated into a broiler starter ration that was fed from day-old to 3 weeks of age. Both tibias were removed from the birds, tibial dyschondroplasia lesions were scored, and the incidence of lesions reported. Both the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia decreased significantly (P less than .05) at the aflatoxin levels of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 ppm. In a second experiment, birds received a broiler starter ration either ad libitum or feed restricted by 23% of the feed consumed by the controls. The feed-restricted birds' body weights and the severity and the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia decreased to values comparable with those of birds receiving 5.0 ppm aflatoxin. These data suggest that either feed consumption or growth rate, or both, plays a major role in the initiation of tibial dyschondroplasia and tibial dyschondroplasia is not a result of direct intervention of aflatoxin in bone development.
REPORTS: Considerations for Diagnostic Criteria for Erectile Dysfunction in DSM V

ABSTRACT Introduction The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed., text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for erectile disorder have been criticized as multiple grounds including that the criteria lack precision, that the requirement of marked distress is inappropriate, and that the specification of etiological subtypes should be deleted. Aim The goal of this manuscript is to review evidence relevant to diagnostic criteria for erectile disorder published since 1990. Method Medline searches from 1990 forward were conducted using the terms erectile disorder and impotence. Early drafts of proposed alterations in diagnostic criteria were submitted to advisors. Main Outcome Measure Evidence regarding modification of criteria for DSM V diagnostic criteria for erectile dysfunction was judged by whether existing data justified the adoption of precise criteria which would lead to homogenous groups for research. Another outcome measure was whether data exist to reliably differentiate fluctuations in normal function from pathological states. Results The literature review revealed a large literature concerning erectile disorder but minimal evidence concerning an operational definition for this disorder. Conclusions It is recommended that erectile disorder be precisely defined in order to clearly differentiate alterations in normal function from a condition requiring medial intervention and to facilitate clinical research. It is specifically proposed that erectile dysfunction be defined as failure to obtain and maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity or decreased erectile turgidity on 75% of sexual occasions and lasting for at least 6 months. It is also recommended that erectile disorder be defined independently of distress. Segraves RT. Considerations for diagnostic criteria for erectile dysfunction in DSM V.
Daily sit-to-stands performed by adults: a systematic review

[Purpose] The sit-to-stand (STS) maneuver is a component of everyday mobility. The purpose of this review was to summarize the number of daily STSs performed by adults with or without pathology. [Methods] Four bibliographic databases were searched followed by a consultation with experts and a search by hand to locate articles reporting daily STSs. Information on measurement procedures, tested populations, and daily STSs was extracted. Methodological quality was rated. [Results] Ten articles were identified. The mean number of daily STSs ranged from 33 to 71. The mean number was at least 45 for all groups except patients with congestive heart failure, residents of a hospital ward and one group of older adults. [Conclusion] Individuals performing fewer than 45 daily STSs may be experiencing a work deficit and benefit from additional intentional STS repetitions.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Field-Effect Transistor Performance of Carboxylate-Functionalized Polythiophenes with Increased Air Stability

Synthetic strategies to access both regiorandom and regioregular polythiophenes containing electron-withdrawing carboxylate substituents have been developed. Although these polymers have extended conjugation lengths, they provide better oxidative doping stability than conventional polythiophenes due to the lowering of the HOMO energy levels by approximately 0.5 eV. These materials are highly crystalline and exhibit very small π−π-stacking distances in the solid state. High charge mobilities are observed as a result of the close ordering of the polymer chains, and top-contact organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) fabricated entirely in air had measured mobilities averaging 0.06 cm2/V·s with on/off ratios >105. Off currents in these devices remained low over a period of months, demonstrating the low propensity of these materials toward p-doping by molecular oxygen.
An Evaluation of Two Procedures for Training Skills to Prevent Gun Play in Children

Objective. Unintentional firearm injuries threaten the safety of children in the United States. Despite the occurrence of these injuries, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of child-based programs designed to teach children gun-safety skills. This study compared 2 programs that were designed to reduce gun play in preschool children. Methods. A between-groups no-treatment control design was used. Children were randomly assigned to either 1 of 2 firearm-injury prevention programs or a no-treatment control condition. Participant recruitment, training, and data collection occurred in preschools and children’s homes located in a midwestern city with a population of approximately 80 000. Thirty-one 4- and 5-year-old children participated in the study. The effectiveness of the National Rifle Association’s Eddie Eagle GunSafe Program and a behavioral skills training program using instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback was evaluated. Children were issued 0 to 3 ratings on the basis of their ability to say correctly the safety message and similar ratings on the basis of observations of their ability to perform correctly the skills in the classroom and when placed in a realistic simulation. Results. Both programs were effective for teaching children to reproduce verbally the gun-safety message. The behavioral skills training program but not the Eddie Eagle GunSafe Program was effective for teaching children to perform gun-safety skills during a supervised role play, but the skills were not used when the children were assessed via real-life (in situ) assessments. Conclusions. Existing programs are insufficient for teaching gun-safety skills to children. Programs that use active learning strategies (modeling, rehearsal, and feedback) are more effective for teaching gun-safety skills as assessed by supervised role plays but still failed to teach the children to use the skills outside the context of the training session. More research is needed to determine the most effective way to promote the use of the skills outside the training session.
Hacking’s Reconciliation: Putting the Biological and Sociological Together in the Explanation of Mental Illness

In a series of recent works, Ian Hacking has produced a model of social causation in mental illness and begun to sketch in outline how this might be integrated with the medical model of psychiatry. This article elaborates and revises Hacking’s model of social forces, criticizes him for attempting a merely semantic resolution of the tension between the social and the biological, and sketches an alternative approach that builds upon his substantial insights.
A Simple ABS Control Strategy

A new control strategy for Anti-lock Braking System was developed to improve vehicle braking during emergency maneuvers. Various prediction and re-selection methods were evaluated using a nonlinear vehicle model. To improve upon the evaluated control strategies, Conjugate Boundary method and Poincare Mapping concept were used. The new control strategy developed has proved to be more effective during emergency braking and steering maneuvers.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel

Ion channels exhibit two essential biophysical properties; that is, selective ion conduction, and the ability to gate-open in response to an appropriate stimulus. Two general categories of ion channel gating are defined by the initiating stimulus: ligand binding (neurotransmitter- or second-messenger-gated channels) or membrane voltage (voltage-gated channels). Here we present the structural basis of ligand gating in a K(+) channel that opens in response to intracellular Ca(2+). We have cloned, expressed, analysed electrical properties, and determined the crystal structure of a K(+) channel (MthK) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum in the Ca(2+)-bound, opened state. Eight RCK domains (regulators of K(+) conductance) form a gating ring at the intracellular membrane surface. The gating ring uses the free energy of Ca(2+) binding in a simple manner to perform mechanical work to open the pore.
Scaling Laws in Natural Scenes and the Inference of 3D Shape

This paper explores the statistical relationship between natural images and their underlying range (depth) images. We look at how this relationship changes over scale, and how this information can be used to enhance low resolution range data using a full resolution intensity image. Based on our findings, we propose an extension to an existing technique known as shape recipes [3], and the success of the two methods are compared using images and laser scans of real scenes. Our extension is shown to provide a two-fold improvement over the current method. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ideal linear shape-from-shading filters, when learned from natural scenes, may derive even more strength from shadow cues than from the traditional linear-Lambertian shading cues.
Pheromone binding by polymorphic mouse major urinary proteins

Mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs) have been proposed to play a role in regulating the release and capture of pheromones. Here, we report affinity measurements of five recombinant urinary MUP isoforms (MUPs-I, II, VII, VIII, and IX) and one recombinant nasal isoform (MUP-IV) for each of three pheromonal ligands, (+/-)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (SBT), 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone (HMH), and (+/-)dehydro-exo-brevicomin (DHB). Dissociation constants for all MUP-pheromone pairs were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, and data for SBT were corroborated by measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence. We also report the isolation of MUP-IV protein from mouse nasal extracts, in which MUP-IV mRNA has been observed previously. The affinity of each MUP isoform for SBT (K(d) approximately 0.04 to 0.9 micro M) is higher than that for DHB (K(d) approximately 26 to 58 micro M), which in turn is higher than that for HMH (K(d) approximately 50 to 200 micro M). Isoforms I, II, VIII, and IX show very similar affinities for each of the ligands. MUP-VII has approximately twofold higher affinity for SBT but approximately twofold lower affinity for the other pheromones, whereas MUP-IV has approximately 23-fold higher affinity for SBT and approximately fourfold lower affinity for the other pheromones. The variations in ligand affinities of the MUP isoforms are consistent with structural differences in the binding cavities of the isoforms. The data indicate that the concentrations of available pheromones in urine may be influenced by changes in the expression levels of urinary MUPs or the excretion levels of other MUP ligands. The variation in pheromone affinities of the urinary MUP isoforms provides only limited support for the proposal that MUP heterogeneity plays a role in regulating profiles of available pheromones. However, the binding data support the proposed role of nasal MUPs in sequestering pheromones and possibly transporting them to their receptors.
Control of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems

This brief paper outlines several test-beds at Cornell University used for research in control of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems. In this paper we discuss four test-beds, and the key research questions associated with these test-beds: an autonomous flying vehicle, a formation flight experiment, and the Cornell RoboCup and RoboFlag projects.
Description and Verification of an Algorithm for Obtaining Microdosimetric Quantities for High-LET Radiation Using a Single TEPC without Pulse Height Analysis

Microdosimetric spectra of single event distributions have been used to provide estimates of quality factors for radiation protection of high-LET radiation. In situations with high-dose rates it becomes difficult to measure, record and store energy deposition from single events. An alternative approach is to store random energy deposition events in a sequence of fixed time intervals that does not require identifying from single events. This can be accomplished with a single detector without pulse height analysis. We show the development of the algorithm using expectation analysis of the statistical estimators for moments of lineal energy: ȳf and ȳD. The method was tested using Monte Carlo simulations based on single event distributions measured with spherical tissue equivalent proportional counters where the event sizes spanned more than two orders of magnitude. The evaluation included testing at various mean numbers of events per interval (i.e., dose rate) and numbers of intervals (i.e., total duration)....
Development, Evaluation, and Application of Lateral-Flow Immunoassay (Immunochromatography) for Detection of Rotavirus in Bovine Fecal Samples

A lateral-flow immunoassay (LFT) was developed to detect bovine rotavirus in fecal samples. Using samples (n = 74) from diarrheic calves, a comparison of the LFT with a commercial latex agglutination test (LAT) and transmission electron microscopy (EM) was conducted. When EM was used as the reference method, initial studies of 29 samples indicated 70 and 80% sensitivities of the LFT and LAT, respectively, with both being 100% specific. When the LAT was the reference test, the LFT was 75% sensitive and 91% specific. Additional specimens (n = 45) were tested by the LFT and LAT alone, and results were identical for both methods.
Mate choice copying as public information

We outline a framework that views mate choice copying as public information. In this framework, all individuals assess the quality of potential mates. Individuals can benefit by copying when they cannot discriminate differences in potential mates, as copying can result in better discrimination. This framework predicts that the discrimination ability of individuals will strongly determine the frequency of copying behaviour observed: individuals with poor discrimination ability should often copy, whereas individuals with superior discrimination ability should rarely copy. Copying behaviour may occur in a wide variety of taxa but only be observed when individuals are presented with difficult discrimination tasks.
Solid Thoriated Tungsten Cathode Arc Discharges for Electrically Propelled Spacecraft

Since the early 1960s to mid-1960s, laboratory studies have demonstrated the unique ability of magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters to impart an exceptionally high level of specific impulse and thrust at large power processing densities. These intrinsic advantages are why MPD thrusters have been identified as a prime candidate for future long-duration space missions, including piloted Mars, Mars cargo, lunar cargo, and other missions beyond the low Earth orbit. The large total impulse requirements inherent of the long-duration space missions demand the thruster to operate for a significant fraction of the mission burn time while requiring the cathodes to operate at 1-10 000 kW for 2-10 000 h. The high current levels lead to high operational temperatures and a corresponding steady depletion of the cathode material by evaporation. This mechanism has been identified as the life-limiting component of MPD thrusters. Continuing work in the Laboratory of Astronautical Plasma Dynamics at the University of Southern California (USC) is focused on extending the operational life of the cathode. In this paper, axial temperature profiles obtained under varying current levels (20-60 A) and argon gas mass flow rates (450-640 sccm) of a solid 2% thoriated tungsten cathode are presented. The electron temperatures and electron densities near the “active zone” (the surface area of the cathode responsible for approximately 70% of the emitted current) were measured using Langmuir probing. The results will be set as boundary conditions for solid cathode models in development at USC.
Arguing for a Negligible Effect

Political scientists often theorize that an explanatory variable should have “no effect” and support this claim by demonstrating that its coefficient's estimate is not statistically significant. This empirical argument is quite weak, but I introduce applied researchers to simple, powerful tools that can strengthen their arguments for this hypothesis. With several supporting examples, I illustrate that researchers can use 90% confidence intervals to argue against meaningful effects and provide persuasive evidence for their hypothesis.
Robustness of a parametric model for informatively censored bivariate longitudinal data under misspecification of its distributional assumptions: A simulation study

Repeated measurements of surrogate markers are frequently used to track disease progression, but these series are often prematurely terminated due to disease progression or death. Analysing such data through standard likelihood-based approaches can yield severely biased estimates if the censoring mechanism is non-ignorable. Motivated by this problem, we have proposed the bivariate joint multivariate random effects (JMRE) model, which has shown that when correctly specified it performs well in terms of bias reduction and precision. The bivariate JMRE model is fully parametric and belongs to the class of shared parameters joint models where a survival model for the dropouts and a mixed model for the markers' evolution are linked through a multivariate normal distribution of random effects. As in every parametric model, robustness under violations of its distributional assumptions is of great importance. In this study we generated 500 simulated data sets assuming that random effects jointly follow a heavy-tailed distribution, two skewed distributions or a mixture of two normal distributions. Moreover, we generated data where level-1 errors or residuals in the survival part of the model follow a skewed distribution. Further sensitivity analysis on the effects of reduced sample size, increased level-1 variances and altered fixed effects values was also performed. We found that fixed effects estimates are almost unaffected, but their standard errors (SEs) may be underestimated especially under heavily skewed distributions. The proposed model seems robust enough, but its performance on smaller data sets or under more extreme departures of its assumptions needs further investigation.
Mutual Renyi information for two disjoint compound systems

The leading term for the mutual Renyi information is studied for two widely separated identical compound systems for free scalar fields in (d+1) Euclidean space. The compound system consists of two identical spheres in contact, with a result consistent with a universal form for the leading term for the mutual Renyi information.
Coping in Context Community and Natural Resources in Low-Income Women's Environments

This study contributes to literature examining the salience of ecological variables by investigating relationships between stress, coping, community resources, and residential nature. One hundred thirty-three low-income women in mid-Michigan reported on institutional resource availability, recent stressful events, and preferred coping styles. Research assistants rated yards surrounding respondents’ homes for the presence of natural features. African American mothers reported greater usage of both emotion-focused and active coping strategies compared to European American mothers. Availability of community resources was found to predict significantly to the use of active and emotion-focused coping strategies, and stress intensity and natural resources predicted significantly to avoidant coping strategies. Further development of the Residential Natural Resources Inventory and investigation of the variance of environmental stressors, resources, and coping responses within racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups are recommended.
Deadlock-free piecewise-linear controlled hybrid automata

A controlled hybrid automaton is a hybrid automaton whose continuous-state trajectories satisfy inhomogeneous differential equations. This paper presents sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic global solutions of piecewise-linear controlled hybrid automata.
Inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase Activity Increases Stability of the HIV-1 Core

Previous studies showed that HIV-1 reverse transcription occurs during or before uncoating, linking mechanistically reverse transcription with uncoating. Here we show that inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT) during HIV-1 infection by pharmacologic or genetic means increased the stability of the HIV-1 core during infection. Interestingly, HIV-1 particles with increased core stability were resistant to the core-destabilizing effects of rhesus TRIM5α (TRIM5α(rh)). Collectively, this work implies that the surface of the HIV-1 core is dynamic and changes upon the ongoing processes within the core.
Quasi-static Analysis of Electric Field Distributions by Disc Electrodes in a Rabbit Eye Model

We developed a compartmentalized finite element model (FEM) of the electric fields generated in the rabbit retina due to a biphasic stimulus pulse. The model accounts for the different resistivities and capacitances of the retina, pigment epithelium (PE), and sclera. Axiosymmetric 2-D FEMs were created for monopolar stimulation electrodes using COMSOL. 250 μm diameter electrodes with 10 μm thick insulation were placed at three different locations near the retina: the inner limiting membrane (epiretinal), the subretinal space (PE/retina) (subretinal), and the choroid layer behind the PE/retina (suprachoroidal). A broad return electrode was located at the back of the eye (sclera). The relative dielectric constants of each eyewall layer with linearly varying resistivity for the retina layers were incorporated into the model. Biphasic 1 mA/cm2 current pulses with pulse widths of either 0.5 ms (0.5 μC/cm2), 1ms (1 μC/cm2), and 5 ms (5 μC/cm2) were passed through the tip of the electrode for stimulation. We found that these waveforms, which match waveforms commonly used to activate the retina in retinal implants, show a transient-sustained electric field profile due to charging of the high capacitance and resistivity of the PE. The PE develops high electric fields in all three electrode models. Wider pulses induce greater electric fields in the PE than shorter pulses. This needs to be accounted for when determining safe levels of stimulation. Simulation models that assume constant resistivity (4k Ω-cm) for the retina calculate larger electric fields across the retina than Gaussian resistivity models (3k-7k Ω-cm). Electric field strength is known to be greatly enhanced at the electrode edges. We found that the electric fields at the electrode edge can cause significant damage to the retina even when the nominal current density is below the damage threshold.
Through the eyes of a chemist.

Michelle Francl explores the concepts that could help non-chemists see the world more like those trained in the subject.
Fe/γ-Al2O3 and Fe–K/γ-Al2O3 as reverse water-gas shift catalysts

The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction was investigated on Fe/γ-Al2O3 and Fe–K/γ-Al2O3 catalysts at temperatures between 723 K and 753 K and atmospheric pressure. Both materials exhibited fast catalytic CO formation rates and high CO selectivity (>99%). Reaction rates displayed a strong dependence on H2 partial pressure (reaction orders of 0.58 and 0.54 on Fe/γ-Al2O3 and Fe–K/γ-Al2O3, respectively), and a weak dependence on CO2 partial pressure (reaction orders of 0.37 and 0.21, respectively) under nearly equimolar CO2:H2 composition. The catalysts were stable under excess H2 but deactivated slowly (1–2% h−1 of the overall reaction rate) under an equimolar mixture of CO2 and H2. Addition of potassium to the Fe/γ-Al2O3 material (Fe/K mass ratio = 1.24) led to a threefold increase in reaction rate, but also doubled the deactivation rate (CO2:H2 = 1:1). Gas-switching experiments (CO2 or H2 only) and DRIFTS spectra collected in situ showed that stable intermediates formed on Fe–K/Al2O3 but not on Fe/Al2O3. This suggests, although does not prove, that a redox mechanism is the only reaction pathway on the Fe/Al2O3 catalyst, and is the predominant pathway on the Fe–K/Al2O3 catalyst. The potassium promoter activates a secondary pathway for CO formation, which may be the so-called associative pathway.
Open Source Meets Virtual Reality—An Instructor’s Journey Unearths New Opportunities for Learning, Community, and Academia

Opening with the history, recent advances, and emerging ways to use avatar-based virtual reality, an instructor who has used virtual environments since 2007 shares how these environments bring more options to community building, teaching, and education. With the open-source movement, where the source code for virtual environments was made available to the public, greatly reduced prices and increased options are shifting dramatically the utility of virtual environments for developing student competencies as virtual creators; supporting faculty and organizational needs; enabling comprehensive curriculum, assessment, and design; and allowing for multipurpose virtual environments. Reporting changes to how she taught the development of virtual environments, the author explains the enhanced learning observed within a newly designed course and the improvements she will make in the future. Additional recommendations address how education, communication, and learning organizations can use improvements to implement...
Creation of Nanocrystals Via a Tip-Induced Solid-Solid Transformation

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful tool for nanoscale research since it can both create and probe the properties of nanostructures. We have used STM to create T-phase TaSe2 nanocrystals embedded in H-phase TaSe2 through a tip-induced solid-solid phase transition at liquid He temperature. Atomic-resolution images have been used to develop a structural model to understand this solid-solid phase transformation. Furthermore, STM studies of the charge density wave (CDW) state in the T-TaSe2 nanocrystals have been used to address CDW physics in finite dimensions.
Best Practices for Operando Battery Experiments: Influences of X-ray Experiment Design on Observed Electrochemical Reactivity.

Dynamic properties and multiscale complexities governing electrochemical energy storage in batteries are most ideally interrogated under simulated operating conditions within an electrochemical cell. We assess how electrochemical reactivity can be impacted by experiment design, including the X-ray measurements or by common features or adaptations of electrochemical cells that enable X-ray measurements.
Investigation and Analysis of Community Health Care Needs of Patients with Advanced Cancer

Objective To investigate the community health care needs of patients with advanced cancer,so as to provide evidence for better community palliative care.Methods A questionnaire survey was used to investigate 113 advanced cancer patients in 6 communities in Shanghai.Results There is an increasing need for palliative care service in patients with advanced cancer.Community was the main place of cancer caring.The patients' needs covered a wide range of aspects and varied in different situations,including physiological,psychological,psychiatric,social and cultural aspects.Conclusions Palliative care team consisting of members of multidisciplinary professionals should be set up as the a basic unit in community cancer caring.
Analysis and Application of MARPOSS Measurement System

with the factory to improve the level of modernization,product quality requirements more and more high quality product,is particularly important for measurement,the measurement system directly influence the quality of the products,therefore,in the use of measuring system for tracking a quality inspection,if the unstable measurement system(also produce large error measuring system itself),even if the measurement accuracy very high,can also cause low product quality,only the accuracy of measuring system with its stability in combination,can play a role in improving the quality of the products.
The Role of the CNS in Cardiovascular Disorders

There is considerable evidence that the central nervous system is a prime mediator of cardiovascular events. Now that we are able to measure and objectively evaluate the physiologic effects of stress on the cardiovascular apparatus, it should be possible to identify individuals at risk and to offer behavioral and pharmacologic therapies with lifesaving potential.
Development of the apical ectodermal ridge in the chick wing bud.

Histological examination of the stage-18 to stage-23 chick wing bud apex revealed the following. Initially, the wing bud was covered by a cuboidal to columnar epithelium with an overlying periderm. Thickening of the apical ectoderm was not obvious until late stage 18 (36 pairs of somites), after the appearance of the wing bud. At late stage 18, cells of the inner layer of ectoderm had elongated slightly along an axis perpendicular to the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. Well-defined apical ectodermal ridge morphology, i.e., pseudostratified columnar epithelium with an overlying periderm, was not apparent until stage 20. Subsequently the ridge lengthened along the anteroposterior perimeter of the wingbud. We demonstrated histologically that the apical ectodermal ridge of the wing bud was asymmetric with respect to the anteroposterior axis, in that there was more ridge associated with posterior mesoderm. Other observations include the spatial and temporal location of a groove in the base of the thickest part of the ridge. The groove can be correlated with the specification of distal wing elements. The groove was first seen at stage 20 and became more prominent through stage 23. An anteroposterior progression of ectodermal cell death was also observed. This began at late stage 18 and continued through each of the stages examined.
Angiotensin AT2 receptors: control of renal sodium excretion and blood pressure.

The renin–angiotensin system is a coordinated hormonal cascade of crucial importance in cardiovascular and renal function. The primary effector peptide angiotensin II functions at two major receptors, the AT 1 and AT 2 receptors. AT 2 receptors mediate vasodilation and natriuresis. Regarding vasodilator actions, AT 2 receptors oppose the AT 1 receptor-mediated vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II. Regarding the natriuretic actions of AT 2 receptors, des-aspartyl 1 -angiotensin II, rather than angiotensin II, is the preferred agonist. Regarding both the vasodilator and natriuretic properties of AT 2 receptors, the beneficial blood pressure reduction and natriuretic responses to AT 1 receptor blockade are mediated, at least in part, by AT 2 receptor activation. In addition, AT 2 receptor activation suppresses renin biosynthesis and release at renal juxtaglomerular cells. Therefore, AT 2 receptors are potential therapeutic targets in hypertension.
Revisiting the Citadel and the Ghetto: Legibility, Race, and Contemporary Urban Development

The author examines the relevance of racial discourses to neoliberal urban development occurring in older, former industrial cities in the United States. Rather than treating the production of new ...
Methods for Studying Transmission through Permeable Cell-to-Cell Junctions

Cells of organized tissues are interconnected at junctions that provide pathways for direct flow of matter between cell interiors (Loewenstein, 1966, 1979; Furshpan and Potter, 1968). Such permeable junctions are present throughout the phylogenetic scale, from sponges to man. They appear to be membrane appositions that are traversed by clusters of well-insulated aqueous channels, and these channels, during their formation, are resolvable one by one in measurements of electrical conductance (Loewenstein et al., 1978). The channels are widely thought to be contained in the intramembranous particles seen in electron microscope images of freeze-fractured gap junctions (Griepp and Revel, 1977; Makowski et al., 1977).
Spatiotemporal analyses of religious establishments in coastal China

This research examines the diffusion process of the religious institutions of Buddhism, Daoism, and Christianity in coastal China, using the case study of Zhejiang Province since 1949. The spatial distribution dynamics and diffusion process associated with the religious establishments are presented and discussed in the GIS environment. The results reveal that the development of the religious establishments followed a hierarchical diffusion process. In addition, spatiotemporally significant agglomerations of the studied religious institutions are successfully detected.
Providing Palliative Care to LGBTQ Patients

Nurses should be familiar with and equipped to address the challenges that arise when caring for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer-identified (LGBTQ) patients. LGBTQ individuals have increased rates of certain physical diseases and are at greater risk of suffering from stress-sensitive mental health issues. Negative social attitudes, widespread discrimination and stigma, physical and psychological victimization, and less social support with aging contribute to the complexity of care for these individuals. Open communication, welcoming and accepting attitudes and environments, and sensitivity to unique multidimensional issues improve care to LGBTQ patients with serious advanced illness. Nursing can reach this vulnerable minority and positively impact the quality of care.
Right Node Raising and Nongrammaticality

Right node raising sentences (RNR) have proved to be difficult for modern syntactic theory to account in an explanatory fashion. In this paper I argue that the reason for this difficulty is that RNR cannot be fully analyzed as a construction independent of online parsing. I argue against current and possible grammatical analyses of the construction and posit that the interpretation of the shared material in the first conjunct is effectively illusory. That is, the interpretive relation between the shared material in RNR and the gap position in the first conjunct is not encoded in the offline representation of the construction, but rather is only captured via a transitory online parsing operation. This analysis has consequences for the relation between the grammar and the parser as well the limits of grammatical relations.
Adaptive selection of visual and infra-red image fusion rules

The fusion of images captured from Electrical-Optical (EO) and Infra-Red (IR) cameras has been extensively studied for military applications in recent years. In this paper, we propose a novel wavelet-based framework for online fusion of EO and IR image sequences. The proposed framework provides multiple fusion rules for image fusion as well as a novel edge-based evaluation method to select the optimal fusion rule with respect to different practical scenarios. In the fusion step, EO and IR images are decomposed into different levels by 2D discrete wavelet transform. The wavelet coefficients at each level are combined by a set of fusion rules, such as min-max selection, mean-value, weighted summations, etc. Various fused images are obtained by inverse wavelet transform of combined coefficients. In the evaluation step, Sobel operator is applied on both the fused images and original images. Compared with original images, the remaining edge information in the fused each image is calculated as the fusion quality assessment. Finally, the fused image with the highest assessment value will be selected as the fusion result. In addition, the proposed method can adaptively select the best fusion rule for EO and IR images under different scenarios.
Modeling damage accumulation to fracture in a magnesium-rare earth alloy

Abstract A micromechanics-based continuum damage model is employed to rationalize key experimental trends in the fracture of a Mg-Y-RE alloy. The model has three components: (i) a phenomenological law of strain-controlled void nucleation; (ii) a void growth part that accounts for microcrack blunting; and (iii) a void coalescence part that determines fracture. Plastic flow in the undamaged state is represented by J 2 theory with isotropic hardening. The material parameters involved in the model consist of (i) the hardening parameters, (ii) the initial values of microstructural variables associated with damage, and (iii) one adjustable parameter entering the microcrack opening rate equation. An experimental procedure for determining the material parameters is outlined. The model enables several hypotheses to be explored. It is found that when the volume fraction, aspect ratio and spatial arrangement of initially nucleated microcracks are associated with second-phase particles on the grain boundaries, the fracture strains are well predicted over a range of stress triaxialities using a single heuristic parameter that governs the rate of microcrack blunting. Implications are discussed in the broader context of high-strength materials failing after limited void growth.
In vivo evidence of oxidative stress in brains of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background:The oxidative stress hypothesis links neurodegeneration in the later, progressive stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) to the loss of a major brain antioxidant, glutathione (GSH).Objective:...
Cylindrical Misalignment Insensitive Wireless Power Transfer Systems

The widely used wireless power transfer method known as inductive coupling, suffers from dramatic efficiency drops; even over short distances. Strongly coupled magnetic resonance (SCMR) was introduced recently, and can achieve high efficiency at larger distances when compared to inductive coupling. However, standard SCMR systems are highly sensitive to the alignment between the transmitter and receiver, which is an issue that has limited their application in practical wireless powering systems. This paper proposes a new SCMR-based topology that can maintain a constant high efficiency through 360° of misalignment. Specifically, a cylindrical geometry is proposed for the SCMR transmitter instead of using planar loops. Two types of materials are used: copper wire and flexible PCB, and their performances are compared and studied. This new system is able to achieve efficiency above 40% for the entire 360° misalignment without null points, and for the majority of angles the efficiencies stay at 70%. In addition, this new system is wearable and can be used as a portable wireless powering device.
Thromboembolic Events After Traumatic Vertebral Fractures: An Analysis of 190,192 Patients.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study OBJECTIVE.: To determine the rate of venous thromboembolism event (VTE) and risk factors for their occurrence in patients with vertebral fractures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (VTE) events are a significant source of potentially preventable morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. In patients with traumatic vertebral fractures, a common high-energy injury sometimes resulting in spinal cord injury, there is debate about what factors may be associated with such VTEs. METHODS All patients with vertebral fractures in the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank Research Data Set (NTDB RDS) from years 2011 and 2012 were identified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the occurrence of VTE while considering patient factors, injury characteristics, and hospital course. RESULTS A total of 190,192 vertebral fractures patients were identified. The overall rate of VTE was 2.5%. In multivariate analysis, longer inpatient length of stay was most associated with increased VTEs with an odds ratio (OR) of up to 96.60 (95% CI: 77.67 - 129.13) for length of stay longer than 28 days (compared to 0 - 3 days). Additional risk factors in order of decreasing odds ratios were older age (OR of up to 1.65 [95% CI: 1.45 - 1.87] for patients age 70 - 79 years [compared to age 18 - 29 years]), complete spinal cord injuries (OR: 1.49 [95% CI: 1.31 - 1.68]), cancer (OR: 1.37 [95% CI: 1.25 - 1.50]), and obesity (OR: 1.32 [95% CI: 1.18 - 1.48]). Multiple associated non-spinal injuries were also associated with increased rates of VTE. CONCLUSION While the overall rate of VTE is relatively low after vertebral fractures, longer LOS and other defined factors to lesser extents were predisposing factors. By determining patients at greatest risk, protocols to prevent such adverse outcomes can be developed and optimized. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Increasing Research Capacity in Underserved Communities: Formative and Summative Evaluation of the Mississippi Community Research Fellows Training Program (Cohort 1).

Background: The Mississippi Community Research Fellows Training Program (MSCRFTP) is a 15-week program conducted in Jackson, Mississippi consisting of training in the areas of evidence-based public health, research methods, research ethics, and cultural competency. The purpose of the program was to increase community knowledge and understanding of public health research, develop community-based projects that addressed health disparity in the participants’ community, increase individual and community capacity, and to engage in a community members as equal partners in the research process. Methods: A comprehensive evaluation of the MSCRFTP was conducted that included both quantitative and qualitative methods. All participants were asked to complete a baseline, midterm, and final assessment as part of their program requirements. Knowledge gained was assessed by comparing baseline assessment responses to final assessment responses related to 27 key content areas addressed in the training sessions. Assessments also collected participants’ attitudes toward participating in research within their communities, their perceived influence over community decisions, and perceptions of community members’ involvement in research, satisfaction with the program, and the program’s impact on the participants’ daily practice and community work. Results: Twenty-one participants, the majority of which were female and African American, completed the MSCRFTP. Knowledge of concepts addressed in 15 weekly training sessions improved significantly on 85.2% of 27 key areas evaluated (p<0.05). Two mini-grant Community Based Participatory Research projects proposed by participants were funded through competitive application. Most participants agreed that by working together, the people in their community could influence decisions that affected the community. All participants, rated their satisfaction with the program overall as ‘very high’ (76.2%, n=16) or ‘high’ (23.8%, n=5). Conclusion: The evaluation of the MSCRFTP demonstrates that participants have the necessary knowledge to engage as research partners, and the pilot projects provided an opportunity for application of this objective to be realized. Overall, the MSCRFTP was an intervention that assisted to help community members identify their community strengths and weaknesses, interpret knowledge in a meaningful way, and create a self-reflective community of inquiry for change.
Imaging phase slip dynamics in micron-size superconducting rings

We present a scanning probe technique for measuring the dynamics of individual fluxoid transitions in multiply connected superconducting structures. In these measurements, a small magnetic particle attached to the tip of a silicon cantilever is scanned over a micron-size superconducting ring fabricated from a thin aluminum film. We find that near the superconducting transition temperature of the aluminum, the dissipation and frequency of the cantilever changes significantly at particular locations where the tip-induced magnetic flux penetrating the ring causes the two lowest-energy fluxoid states to become nearly degenerate. In this regime, we show that changes in the cantilever frequency and dissipation are well-described by a stochastic resonance (SR) process, wherein small oscillations of the cantilever in the presence of thermally activated phase slips (TAPS) in the ring give rise to a dynamical force that modifies the mechanical properties of the cantilever. Using the SR model, we calculate the average fluctuation rate of the TAPS as a function of temperature over a 32-dB range in frequency, and we compare it to the Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin theory for TAPS in one-dimensional superconducting structures.