cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Politics, Structure, and Public Policy: The Case of Higher Education

This article examines whether governance structures facilitate or impede political forces by testing two competing hypotheses concerning the ability of bureaucratic structures to insulate higher education policies from politics. Centralized structures both create autonomy and facilitate access by environmental forces. This study examines the structures of higher education boards to gain a better understanding of how they interact with politics to affect higher education policy. To the extent that variation in governance structures is correlated with bureaucratic autonomy, it should limit the ability of elected officials to influence education policies. The transaction costs of individuals seeking to influence overall agency policy are lowered, however, in more centralized organizations. Political actors can focus their attention on a single geographic site rather than multiple sites that are adapting to different sets of institutional arrangements and different local environments. These hypotheses are tested in a 47-state, 8-year analysis.
A conserved PUF-Ago-eEF1A complex attenuates translation elongation.

PUF (Pumilio/FBF) RNA-binding proteins and Argonaute (Ago) miRNA-binding proteins regulate mRNAs post-transcriptionally, each acting through similar yet distinct mechanisms. New genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that PUF and Ago proteins also function together in complex with elongation factor eEF1A to repress translation elongation.
Simulations of Infrared Spectra of Nanoconfined Liquids: Acetonitrile Confined in Nanoscale, Hydrophilic Silica Pores†

The infrared spectrum of acetonitrile confined in hydrophilic silica pores roughly cylindrical and 2.4 nm in diameter has been simulated using molecular dynamics. Hydrogen bonding interactions between acetonitrile and silanol groups on the pore wall involve charge transfer effects that have been incorporated through corrections based on electronic structure calculations on a dimer. The simulated spectrum of confined acetonitrile differs most prominently from that of the bulk liquid by the appearance of a blue-shifted shoulder, in agreement with previous experimental measurements. The dominant peak is little changed in position relative to the bulk liquid case, but broadened by ∼40%. A detailed analysis of the structure and dynamics of the confined liquid acetonitrile is presented, and the spectral features are examined in this context. It is found that packing effects, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions all play important roles. Finally, the molecular-level information that can be obtained a...
Ion pairing as a method of reducing the hydrogen embrittlement of iron

Abstract A study was made of the ability of quaternary ammonium salts to decrease the embrittlement of iron caused by electrogenerated hydrogen in cyanide solutions, both with and without cadmium deposition. This embrittlement decrease was attributed to the ability of the quaternary cation to do the following. 1. (1) It forms ion pairs with the cadmium cyanide complex to accelerate the rate of deposition of cadmium while it inhibits, by blocking, the rate of evolution of hydrogen. 2. (2) It forms ion pairs with the adsorbed cyanide thus decreasing the ability of the cyanide to increase the rate of absorption of hydrogen.
Endogenous elevation of plasma cholecystokinin does not prevent gallstones

Background Regular gallbladder contraction reduces bile stasis and prevents gallstone formation. Intraduodenal administration of exogenous pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI-I, also known as monitor peptide) causes cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion.
The growth and evolution of thin oxide films on δ-plutonium surfaces

The common oxides of plutonium are the dioxide (PuO2) and the sesquioxide (Pu2O3). The nature of an oxide on plutonium metal under air at room temperature is typically described as a thick PuO2 film at the gas-oxide interface with a thinner Pu2O3 film near the oxide-metal substrate interface. In a reducing environment, such as ultra high vacuum, the dioxide (Pu4+; O/Pu=2.0) readily converts to the sesquioxide (Pu3+; O/Pu=1.5) with time. In this work, the growth and evolution of thin plutonium oxide films is studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under varying conditions. The results indicate that, like the dioxide, the sesquioxide is not stable on a clean metal substrate under reducing conditions, resulting in substoichiometric films (Pu2O3-y). The Pu2O3-y films prepared exhibit a variety of stoichiometries (y~0.2-1) as a function of preparation conditions, highlighting the fact that caution must be exercised when studying plutonium oxide surfaces under these conditions and interpreting resulting data.
Effectiveness of Patient-Collected Swabs for Influenza Testing

Objective To compare the effectiveness of self-collected and health care worker (HCW)–collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza viruses and determine the patients' preference for type of collection.
Splatter during ink jet printing

When an ink drop traveling at relatively high velocity impinges on a flat surface such as paper, part of the drop breaks up into many very small droplets that are deposited at other points. If these droplets are relatively large, then visible splatter results. Various parameters (ink properties, drop velocity, drop volume, space between drops, etc.) are investigated to determine their effect upon splatter and hence print quality. Print samples were made while varying these parameters, and the resulting print quality was assessed. A simple relationship among the kinetic energy of the drops, the overlap between drops, and print quality based upon splatter is developed. This relationship can be used to establish design boundaries in an ink jet printer.
Porous Glass Fibers For High Sensitivity Chemical And Biomedical Sensors

A porous optical fiber is developed for use as a sensor for gases and liquids at low concentrations. The porous structure of the glass which remains after selective heat treatment, phase separation and chemical leaching of a borosilicate glass gives a very high surface area to the fiber. The sensitivity of the fiber is very high due to the large surface area. The porous fiber is initially tested for measuring ammonia vapors at very low concentrations. A small region (about 0.5 cm) of the porous fiber is treated with a reversible pH indicator dye. The device was demonstrated to be capable of reversibly sensing ammonia vapors. Ammonia vapor concentration as low as 0.5,4.01, was easily detected. The resulting light absorption in visible region is related to the sample ammonia concentration. The sensor device is calibrated for different ammonia vapor concentrations.
Response to selection for milk yield and metabolic challenges in primiparous dairy cows

Abstract The effect of selection for milk yield on lactation yield, net energy balance, and on plasma growth hormone, insulin, prolactin, nonesterified fatty acids and glucose was studied in two groups of primiparous Holstein cows of differing genetic merit. Net energy balance was calculated and serial blood samples were collected for a 7 hr period at 0, 45, 90 and 180 days postpartum. Growth hormone releasing factor (.2 μg/kg BW) was administered after 2.5 hr at 0, 45 and 180 days postpartum, while epinephrine (.7 μg/kg BW) was administered at 90 days postpartum, Milk yield was greater, net energy balance was decreased and plasma growth hormone was greater in genetically superior selection group cows compared to control cows. Growth hormone showed similar increases in both genetic groups in response to growth hormone releasing factor, while prolactin, insulin and glucose were not altered. Epinephrine stimulated an increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acid, glucose and insulin, but responses did not differ between genetic groups. Results indicate differences exist in production efficiency, net energy balance and plasma growth hormone concentration among dairy cattle as a result of selection for milk yield and suggest that selection pressure may act to alter homeorhetic control of nutrient metabolism.
A possible humoral regulator of iron absorption.

Iron59 absorption was significantly increased in rats transfused with plasma from iron deficient rats. Rats fed a high iron diet absorbed decreased amounts of Fe59. It is suggested that a humoral mechanism may reflect iron storage, and regulate, at least in part, gastrointestinal iron absorption.
Possible planetary XRF instrument with X-ray generator

Abstract We explore in this paper the possibility of a planetary in situ XRF system using a newly developed battery-operated miniature X-ray generator as the excitation source. Furthermore, recent advances in refrigeration technology and HgI 2 detectors make it possible to consider realistically the inclusion of a high-resolution energy-dispersive spectrometer as part of the system. It will be shown that by the simple coupling of the miniature X-ray generator and a standard Si(Li) detector qualitative characterization of geochemical samples can be easily carried out without elaborate calibrations and spectrum stripping. Similar battery-operated miniature X-ray generators with a variety of anodes are now commercially available.
High-speed optical coherence tomography using fiberoptic acousto-optic phase modulation.

We report a new rapid-scanning optical delay device suitable for high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) in which an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used to independently modulate the Doppler frequency shift of the reference light beam for optical heterodyne detection. Experimental results show that the fluctuation of the measured Doppler frequency shift is less than ±0.2% over 95% duty cycle of OCT imaging, thus allowing for enhanced signal-to-noise ratio of optical heterodyne detection. The increased Doppler frequency shift by AOM also permits complete envelop demodulation without the compromise of reducing axial resolution; if used with a resonant rapid-scanning optical delay, it will permit high-performance real-time OCT imaging. Potentially, this new rapid-scanning optical delay device will improve the performance of high-speed Doppler OCT techniques.
Interactions between fire and bark beetles in an old growth pine forest

Abstract Management strategies for old growth pine forests have recently begun to include prescribed burns. Fire could influence interactions between bark beetles and mature pine trees, but we cannot predict the effects because we know too little about the numeric and functional responses of bark beetle populations to fire, and because we do not know how fire affects the oleoresin defense system of pine trees. We estimated population abundance of Ips spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and the resin flow of mature red pines (Pinus resinosa), before and after a prescribed burn, inside and outside the burn, in an old growth forest at Itasca State Park, Minnesota. Following a prescribed burn in April, the local abundance of Ips pini increased by two-fold during May, decreased by a comparable amount during 6 weeks starting in mid-July, and was otherwise unchanged. The abundance of I. grandicollis and I. perroti were unaffected, while that of a specialist predator, Thanasimus dubius (Coleoptera: Cleridae) increased by 30–90% during May. Many mature trees that sustained no visible crown damage from the fire were attacked by Ips within the scorched region of the lower bole. Oleoresin flow increased substantially in trees with scorched boles, which may limit the probability that trees will be killed by bark beetles following a ground fire. We tested whether fire increases the probability that a healthy tree will sustain bark beetle attacks by locating beetle-infested trees inside and outside the burned area, and comparing their growth history (from growth rings) with paired, unattacked trees. Surprisingly, there was no indication of recently declining growth, or chronically slow growth, in beetle-infested trees, either inside or outside the prescribed burn. Half of the trees attacked by Ips in 1998 were dead in 1999 and the remainder were partly girdled by the attacks, which increases their subsequent vulnerability to fires, insects, and pathogens. Ips bark beetles can exert meaningful effects on the survivorship of red pine populations, and their demographic impact is probably increased by ground fires.
Assessment of Panic Frequency: Reliability and Validity of a Time-Line Follow-Back Method

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a Panic Attack Frequency Calendar (PAFC), modeled after a time-line follow-back (TLFB) procedure (e.g., Sobell & Sobell, 1979). The latter has been used for years to reliably and validly assess daily alcohol use through self-report over extended periods of time. Seventy-four adult individuals (ages 18–57) who had experienced a panic attack within the past 2 weeks completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including retrospective frequency measures, and were administered an 8-week PAFC initially and a 10-week PAFC 2 weeks later. Half the participants self-monitored their panic attacks in a diary. The PAFC showed high stability over 2 weeks across several panic behavior variables. The PAFC was also shown to be a valid instrument in assessing panic frequency when compared with panic data obtained from the diary and the retrospective frequency measure.
Arsenite-oxidizing Hydrogenobaculum strain isolated from an acid-sulfate-chloride geothermal spring in Yellowstone National Park.

An arsenite-oxidizing Hydrogenobaculum strain was isolated from a geothermal spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyo., that was previously shown to contain microbial populations engaged in arsenite oxidation. The isolate was sensitive to both arsenite and arsenate and behaved as an obligate chemolithoautotroph that used H2 as its sole energy source and had an optimum temperature of 55 to 60°C and an optimum pH of 3.0. The arsenite oxidation in this organism displayed saturation kinetics and was strongly inhibited by H2S. Arsenite [As(III)] is often the predominant valence of inorganic arsenic in geothermal source waters, although arsenate [As(V)] can also be present, with As(V)/As(III) ratios varying among different springs due to mixing with meteoric surface
Examining the dimensions of governance that are relevant for private investment

Which types of governance indicators matter the most for private investment? This short paper answers the question by examining the impact of specific governance indicators on private investment in a cross-section of developing economies. Results indicate that an effective government that includes competent and independent civil service and credible governmental policies are positively associated with private investment. Fair and predictable rules of the game that determine the extent to which property rights are protected also facilitate greater private investment. Based on this the paper concludes that since some indicators of governance matter more than others, targeted institutional reform that focuses first on the significant dimensions may be key to facilitating private investment in developing areas.
Does canonical correlation analysis provide reliable information on data correlation in array processing

This work provides analytical results on the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) of data sets from two spatially separated arrays of sensors. Our case studies cover both single source and multiple source signals in either white or colored noise fields for array signal processing. We derive analytical expressions of the canonical correlation for these examples and present a computer simulation analysis of empirical canonical correlations as a function of nominal correlation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and sample support. Results obtained reveal an interesting fact that the canonical coefficients from CCA provide reliable information on the spatial correlation existing among data sets from two arrays only when the SNRs at both arrays are reasonably high. When sample correlation matrices (SCM) are used in the empirical CCA, reliable correlation can be estimated from CCA asymptotically (either at high SNRs from both arrays, or with a large number of snapshots in comparison with array dimensionality).
The Ultrahigh Efficiency Gas Turbine Engine With Stator Internal Combustion

The current article introduces a physics based revolutionary technology that enables energy efficiency and environmental compatibility goals of future generation aircraft and power generation gas turbines. An Ultra-High Efficiency Gas Turbine technology (UHEGT) is developed, where the combustion process is no longer contained in isolation between the compressor and turbine, rather distributed in three stages and integrated within the first three HP-turbine stator rows. The proposed distributed combustion results in high thermal efficiencies, which cannot be achieved by conventional gas turbine engines. Particular fundamental issues of aero-thermodynamic design, combustion, and heat transfer are addressed in this study along with comprehensive CFD simulations. The aero-thermodynamic study shows that the UHEGT-concept improves the thermal efficiency of gas turbines 5–7% above the current most advanced high efficiency gas turbine engines, such as Alstom GT24. Multiple configurations are designed and simulated numerically to achieve the optimum configuration for UHEGT. CFD simulations include combustion process in conjunction with a rotating turbine row. Temperature and velocity distributions are investigated as well as power generation, pressure losses, and NOx emissions. Results show that the configuration in which fuel is injected into the domain through cylindrical tubes provides the best combustion process and the most uniform temperature distribution at the rotor inlet.© 2015 ASME
IMAGING IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM

The last few decades of the 20th century were marked by tremendous advances in diagnostic imaging and related therapeutic procedures. The new millennium holds great promise for more spectacular advances. Continuing evolution of computer technology coupled with existing and evolving digital imaging platforms will serve as a catalyst for significant developments in virtually all areas of imaging. This report surveys the potential of these advances in areas relevant to critical care.
Stereoscopic strobing of two high-speed cameras

Two methods for simultaneous exposure of film in two or more high—speed framing cameras are described. In one case, the two cameras are run independently of each other but at a frequency multiple which causes overlapping exposures. In the other case, feedback control of the second (slave) camera is derived by comparing the phase and velocity relationships of the master and slave cameras. Signals for phase and velocity are derived from the shutter—open synchronization pulse generated by a rotating—shutter optical light sensor. Limitations in use are explained.
High performance work systems in the U.S. context

In the 1990s, a dominant consensus has been established among industrial relations scholars in the United States regarding the effects of high performance work systems on productivity and firm performance. High performance work systems result in economically meaningful improvements in efficiency and profitability, particularly when they are implemented in an integrated fashion that gives workers significant responsibility and authority to make decisions, provides the needed skills to those workers, and simultaneously gives them appropriate incentives for solving problems. The article reviews the research base for this view, along with challenges to and criticisms of it. One conclusion is that more focus on the effect of these systems on employees is needed. While some recent studies find positive effects on compensation and job security, others are less sanguine, particularly for certain types of employees. The article ends with an overview of how U.S. union policy debates have evolved with increased experience with these work systems.
Seasonal Allocation of Photoassimilated Carbon in Douglas Fir Seedlings

The uptake of CO 2 by Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) seedlings and the allocation of photoassimilated carbon among five vegetative tissues were closely related to seedling phenology. In May, newly flushing needles required 5.2% day −1 of photoassimilated carbon relative to needle tissue carbon. As these needles matured, this carbon requirement declined to 1.95% day −1 in August, to 0.94% day −1 in November, and to 0.76% day −1 in January. Other tissues of Douglas fir seedlings required different amounts of photoassimilated carbon for growth and metabolism. These data provide a strong link between daily CO 2 uptake and the regulation of carbon allocation by seasonal phenology. The data, obtained with long term labeling with 14 CO 2 , were analyzed with a compartment model representing the dynamic flux of carbon through the seedlings.
An Update on Fixed Prosthodontics

The practice of fixed prosthodontics has continually evolved as a result of progress in laboratory and biomaterials science, clinical technologies and adjunctive multidisciplinary treatment advancements. This brief review describes those enhancements and how they affect the state-of-the-art practice of fixed prosthodontics.
Residual Generation from Principal Component Models for Fault Diagnosis in Linear Systems - Part I: Review of Static Systems

First some fundamental concepts of principal component analysis are summarized. This is followed by the review of our recently developed and published results on the generation of enhanced (structured) residuals from PC models, both by algebraic transformation and by direct structured modeling. Recent results on residual optimization and extensions to dynamic systems are discussed in Part II of the paper
Increased lung cancer risks are similar whether arsenic is ingested or inhaled

In 1980, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined there was sufficient evidence to support that inorganic arsenic was a human lung carcinogen based on studies involving exposure through inhalation. In 2004, IARC listed arsenic in drinking water as a cause of lung cancer, making arsenic the first substance established to cause human cancer through two unrelated pathways of exposure. It may initially seem counterintuitive that arsenic in drinking water would cause human lung cancer, and even if it did, one might expect risks to be orders of magnitude lower than those from direct inhalation into the lungs. In this paper, we consider lung cancer dose-response relationships for inhalation and ingestion of arsenic by focusing on two key studies, a cohort mortality study in the United States involving Tacoma smelter workers inhaling arsenic, and a lung cancer case-control study involving ingestion of arsenic in drinking water in northern Chile. When exposure was assessed based on the absorbed dose identified by concentrations of arsenic in urine, there was very little difference in the dose-response findings for lung cancer relative risks between inhalation and ingestion. The lung cancer mortality rate ratio estimate was 8.0 (95% CI 3.2-16.5, P<0.001) for an average urine concentration of 1179 microg/l after inhalation, and the odds ratio estimate of the lung cancer incidence rate ratio was 7.1 (95% CI 3.4-14.8, P<0.001) for an estimated average urine concentration of 825 microg/l following ingestion. The slopes of the linear dose-response relationships between excess relative risk (RR-1) for lung cancer and urinary arsenic concentration were similar for the two routes of exposure. We conclude that lung cancer risks probably depend on absorbed dose, and not on whether inorganic arsenic is ingested or inhaled.
Microprocessor Synthesis (SUGAR)

The four previous chapters describe one approach to Algorithmic and Register-Transfer level synthesis. In contrast to these four separate design tools that work together, the SUGAR microprocessor synthesis tool combines elements of each of these tools. This chapter will highlight three issues in register-transfer synthesis by discussing how the organization of SUGAR differs from the previous approach. The issues are: how to handle interactions between the design steps and substeps in algorithmic and register-transfer level synthesis, the differences between style-specific and general-purpose synthesis methods, and the role of knowledge representation methods.
AUDITORY-VISUAL INTEGRATION IN NORMAL AND RETARDED READERS.

The relation of auditory-visual integration to reading retardation was studied in 200 children nine and ten years of age. One hundred and fifty were retarded readers and 50 were normal readers. The retarded readers were significantly less able to make judgments of auditory-visual equivalence than were the normal readers. Within the two groups of readers, those children with lower auditory-visual performance tended to have the lower reading scores. When children with low normal IQ were eliminated from consideration, the significant difference in auditory-visual test performance between the retarded and normal readers was sustained. The findings were interpreted to indicate that the development of auditory-visual integration has specific relevance to sole factor underlying reading incompetence.
PVD Ti-Si-N Films Process Development for Copper Interconnect Applications

A process has been developed for the deposition of amorphous Ti-Si-N films using reactive ion sputtering of a TiSi target. The Ti-Si-N films have been extensively characterized over a wide range of process parameters. Resistivities of the films less than 300 μΩ-cm have been achieved. Stress measurements on Ti-Si-N films indicate that the film stress changes from tensile to compressive as the nitrogen composition is increased. Near-zero film stresses were achieved by choice of optimum nitrogen N 2 flow. SIMS analysis of Cu diffusion through blanket PVD Ti-Si-N (300A) after an anneal at 390°C/3 hour showed a near overlap of the Cu profile compared to the profile of an unannealed SiO 2 /PVD Ti-Si-N /Cu film stack, indicating that the Cu did not diffuse significantly through the barrier after anneal. Low contact resistance (0.8 Ω) and low ( −11 A) leakage were obtained using a dual inlaid structure with a 300 A Ti-Si-N processed with optimized conditions. These results showed that Ti-Si-N could be used as a potential barrier for copper metallization.
The Arabidopsis Dual-Affinity Nitrate Transporter Gene AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) Is Activated and Functions in Nascent Organ Development during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth

The AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) transporter provides a primary mechanism for nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis and is expected to localize to the epidermis and cortex of the mature root, where the bulk of nitrate uptake occurs. Using fusions to GFP/GUS marker genes, we found CHL1 expression concentrated in the tips of primary and lateral roots, with very low signals in the epidermis and cortex. A time-course study showed that CHL1 is activated in the primary root tip early in seedling development and at the earliest stages of lateral root formation. Strong CHL1 expression also was found in shoots, concentrated in young leaves and developing flower buds but not in the shoot meristem. These expression patterns were confirmed by immunolocalization and led us to examine CHL1 function specifically in the growth of developing organs. chl1 mutants showed a reduction in the growth of nascent roots, stems, leaves, and flower buds. The growth of nascent primary roots was inhibited in the mutants even in the absence of added nitrate, whereas elongation of lateral root primordia was inhibited specifically at low nitrate and acidic pH. Interestingly, chl1 mutants also displayed a late-flowering phenotype. These results indicate that CHL1 is activated and functions in the growth of nascent organs in both shoots and roots during vegetative and reproductive growth.
Autophagy Devours the Nuclear Lamina to Thwart Oncogenic Stress

A recent study by Dou et al. (2015) in Nature extends the functions of autophagy to the nucleus, where it mediates the degradation of the nuclear lamina upon oncogenic insults to reinforce cellular senescence.
Prognostics Health Management Model for LED Package Failure Under Contaminated Environment

The reliability consideration of LED products includes both luminous flux drop and color shift. Previous research either talks about luminous maintenance or color shift, because luminous flux degradation usually takes very long time to observe. In this paper, the impact of a VOC (volatile organic compound) contaminated luminous flux and color stability are examined. As a result, both luminous degradation and color shift had been recorded in a short time. Test samples are white, phosphor-converted, high-power LED packages. Absolute radiant flux is measured with integrating sphere system to calculate the luminous flux. Luminous flux degradation and color shift distance were plotted versus aging time to show the degradation pattern. A prognostic health management (PHM) method based on the state variables and state estimator have been proposed in this paper. In this PHM framework, unscented kalman filter (UKF) was deployed as the carrier of all states. During the estimation process, third order dynamic transfer function was used to implement the PHM framework. Both of the luminous flux and color shift distance have been used as the state variable with the same PHM framework to exam the robustness of the method. Predicted remaining useful life is calculated at every measurement point to compare with the tested remaining useful life. The result shows that state estimator can be used as the method for the PHM of LED degradation with respect to both luminous flux and color shift distance. The prediction of remaining useful life of LED package, made by the states estimator and data driven approach, falls in the acceptable error-bounds (20%) after a short training of the estimator.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Supporting the Scheduling over Local HPC and Cloud Platforms: An FWI Case Study

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a mathematically and computationally challenging inverse problem of finding a quantitative rock-property description of the subsurface to match observed seismogram data. The inversion employs a forward model, which relates the subsurface to the observed seismograms. FWI and other seismic applications require High Performance Computing (HPC) to simulate the dynamics of such complex models. Not a long ago, companies, research institutes, and universities used to acquire clusters of computers to maintain on-premise. Recently, cloud computing has become an alternative posing a challenge to the end-users, who have to decide whether they should execute their applications: on their local clusters or burst them to a remote cloud provider. In this paper, we present a decision support method to choose the correct environment considering trade-offs, such as resource costs, performance, and availability on such heterogeneous execution platforms. We evaluated the system using our FWI application and preliminary results indicate that users of HPC applications can benefit from such a cloud advisory system to reduce costs, turnaround times, and even boost local platforms.
Model Fertility Tables: Variations in the Age Structure of Childbearing in Human Populations

The basic assumption upon which the model schedules are calculated is that fertility conforms to the structure by age created by multiplying together two model subschedules: a sequence of model proportions ever married at each age and a model schedule of marital fertility.
Learned women: three generations of female Islamic scholarship in Morocco

ABSTRACTThere has been a living tradition in Morocco of educating women in the religious sciences since at least the eleventh century. The absence of acknowledgement of this tradition is evidenced by the international praise the 2005 government-sponsored murshidāt, or ‘women preachers’ programme received as a breakthrough for women. This paper utilises fieldwork done during a year in Morocco (2007–2008) on a Fulbright grant to highlight three women who belong to the academically rigorous side of female Islamic learning in Morocco: Fatima al-Kabbaj, one of the first women to have studied at the Qarawiyyīn University; Farida Zomorod, the only full-time female professor at Dār al-Hadīth seminary, and Naemmah Ben Yaeesh, who began laying the ground work for an all-female Islamic institute in the 1980s. In examining the lives of these women, we understand developments in the field of female Islamic learning in Morocco in the last 50 years and fill an important lacuna in the history of the Moroccan woman.
Changes in red cell volume, venous hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration in growing beagles.

SummaryRed cell volume (ml/kg), venous hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration of beagles decreased from the first through the fifth week of age, then increased gradually till at 5 to 6 months the adult values were reached. The reversal of the downward trend coincided with the weaning period. The changes in red cell volume (ml/kg), hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration were parallel from the first week to the first year of age. Throughout growth, red cell volume (ml/kg) was linear to venous hematocrit. The blood volume (ml/kg) of 1-week-old beagles was higher than that of any other age group, including adults.
Oxidant Powder Automatically Sifting and Weighing System Based on PLC Control

The article describes an oxidant powder automatically sifting and weighing system based on PLC control.The system is based on SIEMENS PLC and industrial control computer,and using Field-bus technology.In the system,the oxidant powder is sifted and weighed by long-distance control.It improves the work efficiency,protects the operator's health and safety.
The eukaryotic CMG helicase pumpjack and integration into the replisome

The eukaryotic replisome is α multiprotein machine that contains DNA polymerases, sliding clamps, helicase, and primase along with several factors that participate in cell cycle and checkpoint control. The detailed structure of the 11-subunit CMG helicase (Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS) has been solved recently by cryoEM single-particle 3D reconstruction and reveals pumpjack motions that imply an unexpected mechanism of DNA translocation. CMG is also the organizing center of the replisome. Recent in vitro reconstitution of leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis has enabled structural analysis of the replisome. By building the replisome in stages from pure proteins, single-particle EM studies have identified the overall architecture of the eukaryotic replisome. Suprisingly leading and lagging strand polymerases bind to opposite faces of the CMG helicase, unlike the long-held view that DNA polymerases are located in back of the helicase to act on the unwound strands.
MO-DE-206-03: Quantifying Metabolism with Hyperpolarized MR

In this symposium jointly sponsored by the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) and the AAPM, luminary speakers on imaging metabolism will discuss three impactful topics. The first presentation on Cellular Metabolism of FDG will be given by Guillem Pratx (Stanford). This presentation will detail new work on looking at how the most common molecular imaging agent, fluoro-deoxy-glucose is metabolized at a cellular level. This will be followed by a talk on an improved approach to whole-body PET imaging by Simon Cherry (UC Davis). Simon’s work on a new whole-body PET imaging system promises to have dramatic improvement in our ability to detect and characterize cancer using PET. Finally, Jim Bankson (MD Anderson) will discuss extremely sophisticated approaches to quantifying hyperpolarized-13-C pyruvate metabolism using MR imaging. This technology promises to compliment the exquisite sensitivity of PET with an ability to measure not just uptake, but tumor metabolism. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the metabolism of FDG at a cellular level. 2. Appreciate the engineering related to a novel new high-sensitivity whole-body PET imaging system. 3. Understand the process of hyperpolarization, how pyruvate relates to metabolism and how advanced modeling can be used to better quantify this data. G. Pratx, Funding: 5R01CA186275, 1R21CA193001, and Damon Runyon Cancer Foundation. S. Cherry, National Institutes of Health; University of California, Davis; Siemens Medical SolutionsJ. Bankson, GE Healthcare; NCI P30-CA016672; CPRIT PR140021-P5
A Semi‐parametric Transformation Frailty Model for Semi‐competing Risks Survival Data

In the analysis of semi-competing risks data interest lies in estimation and inference with respect to a so-called non-terminal event, the observation of which is subject to a terminal event. Multi-state models are commonly used to analyse such data, with covariate effects on the transition/intensity functions typically specified via the Cox model and dependence between the non-terminal and terminal events specified, in part, by a unit-specific shared frailty term. To ensure identifiability, the frailties are typically assumed to arise from a parametric distribution, specifically a Gamma distribution with mean 1.0 and variance, say, σ2. When the frailty distribution is misspecified, however, the resulting estimator is not guaranteed to be consistent, with the extent of asymptotic bias depending on the discrepancy between the assumed and true frailty distributions. In this paper, we propose a novel class of transformation models for semi-competing risks analysis that permit the non-parametric specification of the frailty distribution. To ensure identifiability, the class restricts to parametric specifications of the transformation and the error distribution; the latter are flexible, however, and cover a broad range of possible specifications. We also derive the semi-parametric efficient score under the complete data setting and propose a non-parametric score imputation method to handle right censoring; consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators is derived and small-sample operating characteristics evaluated via simulation. Although the proposed semi-parametric transformation model and non-parametric score imputation method are motivated by the analysis of semi-competing risks data, they are broadly applicable to any analysis of multivariate time-to-event outcomes in which a unit-specific shared frailty is used to account for correlation. Finally, the proposed model and estimation procedures are applied to a study of hospital readmission among patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
Occupy is not a place: A cross-case comparison of the 15M and Occupy movements

In this article, I compare the origins and early development of the Occupy movement with that of the Spanish 15M, the Indignados or ‘outraged’, movement. How movements are integrated into longer lived global networks has been insufficiently studied. The ‘hyperlink’ can serve as a material representation of more durable affiliations between entities with a shared collective identity, in this case, activist Web sites, reflecting underlying network structures. Combining qualitative analysis of movement identities and narratives with analysis of hyperlinking patterns provides a more holistic understanding of the interrelations between the 15M and Occupy movements. I argue that the similarities in the structural hyperlinked network properties of the 15M and Occupy movements and their transnational interlinkages can be explained in part by commonalities in the two movements’ collective identities and dominant narratives.
Care Ethics, Knowledge Management, and the Learning Organization

This chapter explores the overlooked epistemological aspects of care ethics, including its inherent particularism and engagement of tacit knowledge, to argue that care can and should participate in an organization’s program of knowledge management en route to building a robust learning organization that holistically flourishes—financially, culturally, and ethically. Accordingly, a caring culture is a culture of learning. The chapter suggests that if caring is conceptualized as fostering fundamental respect, engaging intellectual inquiry, and facilitating a moral atmosphere, then perhaps a culture of care will be more palatable to business professionals who often regard “caring” with suspicion as a nonproductive emotional disposition. This chapter focuses on caring as intellectual inquiry that inspires the moral imagination in the service of creating a culture of care. A culture is a system of shared meaning held by a group of people. That meaning includes values and attitudes as well as transmitted knowledge. Much has been written about corporate culture, but little about a caring culture. In this regard, care should be distinguished from friendship. A corporate culture of care does not suggest that members of the organization must become friends or develop strong relationships. It does suggest that people are attentive to one another as part of a willingness to grow.
Goniotomy and Exam Under Anesthesia (EUA)

Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Typically an exam under anesthesia is performed to completely evaluate the eyes prior to beginning surgery. Uncontrolled eye pressure in patients with corneas sufficiently clear to visualize the anterior chamber angle details on gonioscopy can be considered for this procedure. Patients and/or appropriate family members should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
Moisture Variation in Expansive Subgrade Through Field Instrumentation and Geophysical Testing

Seasonal climatic variations in subgrade soil affect pavement responses and can reduce pavement serviceability. In addition to causing shrinkage and swelling in expansive subgrade, variations in moisture suction may alter the material properties of soil, which ultimately affect pavement performance. The current study monitored the seasonal variation of subgrade moisture content, rainfall, and pavement deformation of a section over State Highway 342, in Dallas, Texas. Moisture sensors were installed at different depths up to 4.5 m. The soil was found to be highly plastic clay (CH) in the selected site. In addition to acquiring real-time moisture data from sensors, geophysical testing was also conducted on the slope of the pavement. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) was carried out at the slope of the instrumented pavement section to observe the moisture flow at the edge of the pavement. Based on the field monitoring data, moisture variation ranged from 5% to 14%, with higher moisture contents correlating with rainfall events. While moisture sensors provided point information, resistivity imaging yielded a continuous portrayal of subsurface moisture flow. Furthermore, rainfall-associated deformation of the pavement was monitored. Based on the monitored data, it was observed that pavement deformation varied with rainfall. A total deformation of 38 mm was recorded over the monitoring period.
SDLB: A Scalable and Dynamic Software Load Balancer for Fog and Mobile Edge Computing

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) provides computing/storage offloading and resource virtualization to mobile devices at the network edge. A load balancer is a necessary network function to determine the destination MEC host of each packet from a mobile device, for such virtualization. Due to the new characteristics of MEC, such as resource limitation and high dynamics, existing solutions of cloud load balancer cannot be directly applied to MEC. This paper presents a new design of a Scalable and Dynamic Load Balancer, called SDLB, that satisfies the requirements of MEC. The core algorithm of SDLB is minimal perfect hashing, which provides two perfect features as a load balancer. Evaluation results show that SDLB is faster by 4x to 10x and uses much less (
Renal complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Report of a case and review of the literature

We report the development of minimal change disease superimposed on preexisting chronic kidney disease secondary to chronic calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipient and review the renal complications of HSCT.
Can gay and lesbian educators form authentic relationships in their school communities

The purpose of this study was to determine how gay and lesbian teachers who are out or closeted form and maintain relationships with members of their school community. A total of 11 gay and lesbian...
Client Authority in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations

This chapter describes how nonprofit human service organizations use explicit strategies to elevate the authority that clients have in their organizations and the dilemmas this creates for frontline staff. The chapter anchors this discussion in a broader literature on authority and provides examples of how four nonprofits adopted specific strategies, including hiring staff with lived experience, reducing the rules clients had to follow in the organization, putting clients in leadership positions within the organization and reducing the status differential between staff and clients. Each strategy created particular types of dilemmas for staff. The chapter concludes by noting that more often than not, nonprofits employ strategies to give the communities they serve greater authority but that our evaluation and management models do not account for this and consequently do not support nonprofit staff in effectively working in and running these organizations.
Designing Future Employment Applications for Underserved Job Seekers: A Speed Dating Study

Modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) support job searches, resume creation, career development, and professional self-presentation. However, these technological tools are often tailored to high-income, highly educated users and white-collar professionals. It is unclear what interventions address the needs of job seekers who have limited resources or education, or who may be underserved in other ways. We gathered insights from the literature and generated ten tangible design concepts to address the needs of underserved job seekers. We then conducted a needs validation and speed dating study to understand which concepts were most viable among our population. We found that the three most preferred concepts immediately addressed job seekers' social and personal needs, where addressing social needs meant mediating job seekers' connections to others and supporting our job seekers' limited access to strong ties.
Ethological observations of social behavior in the operating room

Operating rooms (ORs) are inhabited by hierarchical, mixed-gender clinical teams that are often prone to conflict. In evolutionary terms, one expects more within- than between-gender rivalries, especially since the OR is a place where all sorts of social interactions occur, not merely technical communications. To document the full range of behavior, the present study used ethological observation techniques, recording live all social behavior by the team. Using an ethogram, 6,348 spontaneous social interactions and nontechnical communications were timestamped during 200 surgical procedures. Cooperation sequences (59.0%) were more frequent than conflict sequences (2.8%), which ranged from constructive differences of opinion to discord and distraction that could jeopardize patient safety. Behavior varied by clinical role and with the gender composition in the OR. Conflict was initiated mostly down the hierarchy between individuals several ranks apart. Cooperation tended to increase with a rising proportion of females in the OR, but the most pronounced effect concerned the interaction between both genders. If the attending surgeon's gender differed from that of the majority of other personnel in the OR, cooperation was significantly more common.
Hedonic Regression Analysis in Real Estate Markets: A Primer

This short primer provides an overview of the nature and variety of hedonic pricing models that are employed in the market for real estate. It explores the history of hedonic modeling and summarizes the field’s utility-theory-based, microeconomic foundations. It also provides empirical examples of each of the three principal methodologies and a discussion of and potential solutions for common problems associated with hedonic modeling.