cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact craters and Venus resurfacing history

The history of resurfacing by tectonism and volcanism on Venus is reconstructed by means of an analysis of Venusian impact crater size-frequency distributions, locations, and preservation states. An atmospheric transit model for meteoroids demonstrates that for craters larger than about 30 km, the size-frequency distribution is close to the atmosphere-free case. An age of cessation of rapid resurfacing of about 500 Ma is obtained. It is inferred that a range of surface ages are recorded by the impact crater population; e.g., the Aphrodite zone is relatively young. An end-member model is developed to quantify resurfacing scenarios. It is argued that Venus has been resurfacing at an average rate of about 1 sq km/yr. Numerical simulations of resurfacing showed that there are two solution branches that satisfy the completely spatially random location restraint for Venusian craters: a is less than 0.0003 (4 deg diameter circle) and a is greater than 0.1 (74 deg diameter circle).
OPN01-4: WiMAX Access using Optical Wireless Technology with Heterodyne Detection in Turbulent Atmospheric Channels

The overarching goal of this work is to assess optical wireless technology with heterodyne detection as a potential distributor of WiMAX traffic in metro/access networks. At the transmitter, we consider optical wireless communication via orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a form of multi-subcarrier modulation (MSM). At the receiver, heterodyne detection is used to produce an output signal at a carrier frequency specified by the WiMAX standard. We incorporate adaptive modulation, atmospheric turbulence, laser linearity and receiver noise to derive symbol error and outage probability expressions, and compare the findings to an analogous direct-detection (DD) system. Results indicate that with local oscillator power Pl = -10 dBm, heterodyne detection (HD) outperforms DD by over 10 dB at error probability Ps = 10 9 for all modulation formats, in both non-fading and fading channels. This translates to a 3-fold increase in link length over analogous DD systems. Outage probability analysis reveals a similar trend, with HD outperforming DD by 7-15 dB for all cases considered.
Inflammation, atrophy, gastric cancer: connecting the molecular dots.

It has now been 30 years since Pelayo Correa published his overview of mucosal changes preceding the appearance of gastric cancer. The basis for chronic inflammation progressing to mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, then distal gastric cancer evolved from the study of gastric cancer registries in the US and other westernized countries since the mid‐20th century. There are at least 2 types of gastric cancer arising from the epithelium that can be genetically defined. The diffuse type is remarkable for its poorly differentiated phenotype in which the glandular architecture is completely lost. Diffuse gastric cancer is strongly associated with mutations in the E-cadherin gene-reducing expression of this transmembrane cell adhesion receptor. Both the trigger and histopathologic steps in the progression of diffuse gastric cancer are incompletely understood. However, due to the interaction of E-cadherin protein with cytoplasmic -catenin, dysregulation of cell adhesion, polarity, and the cytoskeleton are likely to play prominent roles. Although adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) regulates cellular levels of -catenin, mutations at the APC locus are rare. 1 This underscores the role of E-cadherin and the cytoskeleton in the genesis of diffuse gastric cancer rather than activation of the Wnt-APC--catenin pathway and downstream transcriptional events. 1,2 By contrast according to the Correa paradigm, well-differentiated, intestinal-type gastric cancer arises in the setting of chronic inflammation. It is this cancer type that is most closely associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection, and for which precursor atrophic lesions (eg, pseudopyloric gland and intestinal metaplasias) have been reported (Figure 1). Therefore, the emphasis here will be to review the molecular steps leading to intestinaltype gastric cancer.
Phosphorylation of PNKP by ATM prevents its proteasomal degradation and enhances resistance to oxidative stress

We examined the mechanism regulating the cellular levels of PNKP, the major kinase/phosphatase involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage, and find that it is controlled by ATM phosphorylation and ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation. We discovered that ATM-dependent phosphorylation of PNKP at serines 114 and 126 in response to oxidative DNA damage inhibits ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation of PNKP, and consequently increases PNKP stability that is required for DNA repair. We have also purified a novel Cul4A-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for PNKP ubiquitylation and identify serine-threonine kinase receptor associated protein (STRAP) as the adaptor protein that provides specificity of the complex to PNKP. Strap(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts subsequently contain elevated cellular levels of PNKP, and show elevated resistance to oxidative DNA damage. These data demonstrate an important role for ATM and the Cul4A-DDB1-STRAP ubiquitin ligase in the regulation of the cellular levels of PNKP, and consequently in the repair of oxidative DNA damage.
Disturbance factors influencing greater sage-grouse lek abandonment in north-central Wyoming

Detecting the disappearance of active leks is the most efficient way to determine large declines in greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations; thus, understanding factors that influence lek abandonment is critical. We evaluated factors that may have influenced the probability of sage-grouse lek abandonment in the Bighorn Basin (BHB) of north-central Wyoming from 1980 to 2009. Our objective was to examine lek abandonment based on landscape characteristics that explain differences between occupied and unoccupied leks. We evaluated lek abandonment from 144 occupied and 39 unoccupied leks from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department lek database with sufficient data for our 30-year analysis. We conducted our analysis with binary logistic regression using landscape predictor variables obtained from geographic coverages at 5 scales (1.0-, 3.2-, 4.0-, 5.0-, and 6.4-km radii around leks) to evaluate how these disturbances have influenced lek abandonment. Coverages included anthropogenic characteristics such as agricultural development, oil and gas development, prescribed burned treatments, and roads; and environmental characteristics such as vegetation attributes and wildfire. Our combined model included the number of oil and gas wells in a 1.0-km radius, percent area of wildfire in a 1.0-km radius, and variability in shrub height in a 1.0-km radius around sage-grouse leks. Abandoned (unoccupied) leks had 1.1-times the variability of shrub height in a 1.0-km radius, 3.1-times the percentage of wildfire in a 1.0-km radius, and 10.3-times the number of oil and gas wells in a 1.0-km radius compared to occupied leks. The model-averaged odds of lek persistence with every 1 unit increase in oil and gas wells within a 1.0-km radius was 0.66 (90% CI: 0.37–0.94), odds with every 1% increase in wildfire in a 1.0-km radius was 0.99 (90% CI: 0.85–1.12), and odds with every 1 unit increase in the standard deviation of shrub height within a 1.0-km radius around a lek was 0.77 (90% CI: 0.45–1.08). Because the 90% confidence intervals around the odds ratios of wells did not overlap 1.0, we suggest this predictor variable was most influential in our model-averaged estimates. The BHB has lower developed reserves of oil and gas than many other regions; however, our study supports findings from other studies that demonstrate energy development increases lek abandonment. Our findings indicate conservation efforts should be focused on minimizing well development and implementing wildfire suppression tactics near active sage-grouse leks. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Meteorologically driven trends in sea level rise

[1] Determining the rate of global sea level rise (GSLR) during the past century is critical to understanding recent changes to the global climate system. However, this is complicated by non-tidal, short-term, local sea-level variability that is orders of magnitude greater than the trend. While the non-dimensional North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index can explain some of this variability in the Atlantic, significant results have been largely restricted to Europe. We show that dimensional indices of the position and intensity of the atmospheric centers of action (COAs) comprising the NAO are correlated with a major fraction of the variability and trend at 5 Atlantic Ocean tide gauges since 1900. COA fluctuations are shown to influence winds, pressure and sea-surface temperatures, thereby influencing sea level via a suite of coastal oceanographic processes. These findings reduce variability in regional sea level rise estimates and indicate a meteorological driver of sea-level trends.
Prevalence, breakpoint distribution, and clinical correlates of t(5;12)

Among 56,709 cytogenetic studies performed during a 15-year period at the Mayo Clinic, 25 cases of t(5;12) were identified. Among 11 patients with available clinical information, 4 had myelodysplastic syndrome, 2 had acute myelocytic leukemia, 2 had myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM), 2 had atypical chronic myelocytic disorder (ACMD), and 1 had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). The 5q arm was involved in all patients and the 12p arm in only two patients [ACMD,t(5;12)(q33;p13) and MMM,t(5;12)(q11.2;p11.2)], both of whom had eosinophilia and monocytosis. These two features were present in only two other patients [CMMoL,t(5;12)(q35;q24.1) and ACMD,t(5;12)(q31;q24.1)]. The t(5;12) is a rare, myelocytic-exclusive cytogenetic abnormality with a breakpoint-specific association with eosinophilia or monocytosis.
Bilateral C5 motor paralysis following anterior cervical surgery—a case report

Numerous authors have reported C5 root palsies following posterior cervical surgery, and several mechanisms of injury have been proposed. Similar deficits after anterior cervical procedures are considered to occur less commonly. We report on a 48-year-old male who underwent multi-level anterior discectomy and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Bilateral C5 nerve root deficits were noticed in the immediate postoperative period, and treated non-operatively. A postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed an increase in cervical lordosis accompanied by a posterior shifting of the spinal cord. Potential mechanisms of nerve root injury in this situation are discussed, and the literature on postoperative C5 root deficits is reviewed. The patient returned to his preoperative occupation as an operating room nurse 6 months following surgery, with complete neurologic recovery occurring over an 11-month period. C5 deficits following anterior cervical surgery occur more frequently than generally assumed. Improved lordosis and longitudinal lengthening of the cervical spinal column in multilevel anterior decompression and interbody fusion can paradoxically result in a traction injury to the spinal cord and C5 nerve roots.
Achievement Motivation in Children of Three Ethnic Groups in the United States

Children of three ethnic groups in the United States-Anglos, Blacks, and Mexican Americans-were asked to tell a story to each of seven line drawings depicting persons in a setting related to education. Stories were scored for n Achievement and family achievement (oriented toward achievement goals from which the family would benefit or that would gain recognition from family members). The results showed that Mexican-American and Black children scored higher on family achievement than did Anglo children. Anglos, however, scored higher on n Achievement. On those cards depicting parental figures, however, Mexican-American and Black children tended to score higher on n Achievement than Anglo children. Females in all three ethnic groups scored lower on n Achievement but higher on family achievement than males. It was concluded that contextual conditions are most important in expression of achievement motivation and that the particular form in which achievement is expressed is determined by the definition that c...
Cases Journal: The pitfalls to keep in mind.

"Perhaps the cause of our contemporary pessimism is our tendency to view history as a turbulent stream of conflicts – between individuals in economic life, between groups in politics, between creeds in religion, between states in war. This is the more dramatic side of history; it captures the eye of the historian and the interest of the reader. But if we turn from that Mississippi of strife, hot with hate and dark with blood, to look upon the banks of the stream, we find quieter but more inspiring scenes: women rearing children, men building homes, peasants drawing food from the soil, artisans making the conveniences of life, statesmen sometimes organizing peace instead of war, teachers forming savages into citizens, musicians taming our hearts with harmony and rhythm, scientists patiently accumulating knowledge, philosophers groping for truth, saints suggesting the wisdom of love. History has been too often a picture of the bloody stream. The history of civilization is a record of what happened on the banks." – Will Durant [1]
Dynamical breakdown of chiral symmetry in continuum QCD

We investigate the Dyson equations and Ward identities satisfied by the flavor current vertex functions in continuum QCD. We examine the problem of chiral symmetry breaking on the basis of an ansatz for the vertex functions which incorporates the transverse parts. We exhibit a broken-symmetry solution with interesting properties. This solutions leads to an entire function for the quark propagator indicative of confinement. It is also gauge invariant.
FOREBRAIN ENLARGEMENT AMONG NONAVIAN THEROPOD DINOSAURS

(2000). Forebrain enlargement among nonavian theropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 615-618.
Collective Behaviour of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes: from a Single Tube towards Complex Networks

In this chapter we discuss the mechanical behaviour of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) also known as carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays, bundles, brushes, foams, forests, mats, and turfs. VACNTs are complex, hierarchical structures of intertwined tubes arrayed in a nominally vertical alignment due to their perpendicular growth from a stiff substrate. They are a unique class of materials having many of the desirable thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes, while exhibiting these properties through the collective interaction of thousands of tubes on a macroscopic scale.
Sensor Deployment, SelfOrganization, and Localization

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction SCARE: A Scalable Self-Configuration and Adaptive Reconfiguration Scheme for Dense Sensor Networks Robust Sensor Positioning in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Trigonometric k Clustering (TKC) for Censored Distance Estimation Sensing Coverage and Breach Paths in Surveillance Wireless Sensor Networks References ]]>
Abstract 3231: An orthotopic xenograft model of sarcoma metastasis demonstrates essential role of tumor microenvironment for metastasis

Sarcoma metastasis is a multi-step process that includes migration, intravasation into the circulation, extravasation and invasion to distant tissue, and distant tumor growth, and because commonly used xenograft models do not account for every step in the process, we sought to develop a novel metastasis model system. Our technique involves implanting small fragments of patient-derived xenografts into either the tibia or gastrocnemius muscle of NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ knock-out mice and amputating the affected limb when the tumor reaches at least 1 cm in diameter. Mice are then followed for the development of distant metastases. We found that Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts all undergo distant metastasis when implanted in an orthotopic location, but do not metastasize after subcutaneous implantation, even when the subcutaneous tumor is excised and mice are observed long-term post-excision. We also investigated whether the difference in metastatic potential is related to cell intrinsic or cell extrinsic factors. Analysis by immunofluorescence revealed that tumors are infiltrated by macrophages regardless of site of implantation, but that the polarization of these macrophages differs. We also found differences in expression of arginase and NOS2 based on site of xenograft implantation. Thus, we have demonstrated that sarcoma patient-derived xenografts undergo spontaneous distant metastasis when implanted in an orthotopic location, but not when implanted in a heterotopic location, highlighting the essential role of the tumor microenvironment in determining metastatic potential. This model has significant benefits compared with the more commonly used tail vein injection model of metastasis, which bypasses the requirements for local invasion and vascular intravasation, processes that are amenable to study using our model. We have begun to use this model to investigate the mechanisms by which tumor microenvironment influences metastasis, and also are using this model for preclinical drug evaluation to determine a therapy9s effect not only on growth of the primary tumor, but also on development of metastasis. Citation Format: Seth D. Goldstein, Masanori Hayashi, Catherine M. Albert, Kyle W. Jackson, David M. Loeb. An orthotopic xenograft model of sarcoma metastasis demonstrates essential role of tumor microenvironment for metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3231. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3231
The International Monetary Fund, 1951-1952: A Selected Bibliography

HE SELECTED REFERENCES presented in this bibliography cover books, pamphlets, reports, and periodical articles which describe the functions, organization, and activities of the International Monetary Fund. Publications on the various aspects of international economics are included only when they contain material relating specifically to the Fund. This is a continuation of the bibliography published in Staff Papers, Vol. I, No. 3 (April 1951). A few publications issued before 1951, which were not included in the previous bibliography, are also listed here. Although most of the Fund's official publications are included, this is not intended to be a complete bibliography of such publications.
Hollywood Online: Fan Fiction, Copyright, and the Internet

The Internet has allowed fan fiction to reach new heights. YouTube and similar technologies have allowed fans to engage in creative and massively shared interaction with copyrighted works of authorship. While all of this online fan activity reinforces the popularity and success of Hollywood franchises and arguably, provides the studios with valuable free advertising, fan fiction also raises a number of important copyright questions.This paper explores the copyright issues involved in the creation of fan fiction. Using two case studies, this paper discusses the applicability of the fair use defense and the implied license defense to the most common types of fan fiction videos available on the Internet – parodies and mash-ups. Finally, this paper discusses the different responses from studios to these different types of fan created works, ranging from complete intolerance to any use of their copyrighted material to welcoming fan created work by providing a platform for fans to contribute their original ideas and content. Ultimately, this paper argues that these people, these fans who appropriate copyrighted content but transform it to pay homage to the franchises to which they are so devoted, should be protected by the fair use doctrine.
The Sanction of the Health Examination

(1940). The Sanction of the Health Examination. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 19-33.
P4-S1.09 Development of a microwave: accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence 40 s, <100 cfu/ml point of care assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STIs) reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). There were 1.2 million cases of chlamydia reported to the CDC in 2008. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) is also one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in men and women. In 2009, there were 301 174, cases reported to the CDC, a rate of 99.1 per 100 000 populations. The CDC estimates that STIs cost the healthcare system $1.5 billion annually. Subsequently, there is an urgent need to develop a low cost sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic test to detect bacterial sexually transmitted infections. To this end, an exciting, novel and rapid technology, which integrates power lysis” and MAMEF (Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence), to both lyse CT and GC and detect the DNA released from CT and GC and combined CT and GC samples, within 40 s, is demonstrated. In a microwave cavity, 2.45 GHz microwave energy is highly focused into a lysing chamber, using 100 nm thick gold films with “bow-tie” structures, to lyse the bacteria within 10 s. The ultrafast detection of the released DNA from
Evaluating Aquatic Habitat Quality Using Channel Morphology and Multiscale- Scale Modeling Techniques

Fifteen streams in Northwestern Vermont spanning five geomorphic classes: stable, and unstable through change in planform, widening, aggrading, and degrading, (according to the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Geomorphic Assessment (RGA) Protocols) were surveyed to assess the linkages between channel morphology and aquatic habitat quality. Detailed channel surveys were completed including cross sectional and longitudinal profiles, substrate samples, and rapid geomorphic assessments. Habitat assessments included measures of substrate availability, embeddedness, presence of large woody debris and Rapid Habitat Assessments (RHA). Simple regression analysis of geomorphic parameters and habitat parameters show significant correlation indicating that habitat quality can be predicted by geomorphic condition. In the second stage of this project, watershed scale modeling was completed for each watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated and validated using gauged watersheds within the study region (Lake Champlain Basin). The model was used to generate stream hydrographs and basic watershed parameters (landuse summaries, runoff, sediment Cianfrani, C.M., W.C. Hession, and M. Watzin (2004), Evaluating aquatic habitat quality using channel morphology and multiscale-scale modeling techniques, in Proceedings of the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Sehlke, Hayes, and Stevens (eds.), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. (cd-rom)
Positive Role for a Negative Calcineurin Regulator in Cardiac Hypertrophy.

See related article, pp 866–877 Calcineurin is protein phosphatase with characteristic calcium- and calmodulin-dependent activation through its regulatory subunits.1 Activated calcineurin dephosphorylates downstream transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which leads to its nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation.1 Calcineurin-NFAT signaling axis is initially discovered as an essential pathway for T-cell activation1 but has now been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes and cell types ranging from fungus to plants. In the heart, calcineurin-mediated signaling is recognized as a common intracellular pathway leading to cardiac hypertrophy and pathological remodeling triggered by a plethora of pathological stressors.2 In this issue, Zhu et al3 add a new piece of evidence to a significant body of literature4 and further demonstrate that genetic or pharmacological attenuation of calcineurin signaling can have a significant ameliorative effect on the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in response to various stresses. Like many stress-induced signaling pathways, calcineurin pathway is also tightly controlled by a cohort of endogenous negative regulators in cells.5 The prototypic regulator of calcinurin-1 (RCAN1, also known as ADAPT78, CSP1, DSC1, DSCR1, MCIP1, RCN1, and calcipressin1) is transcriptionally controlled by NFAT and serves as a key negative feedback …
Growth and Devlopment of the Black Carpet Beetle on the Laboratory Diet

The growth and development of male and female larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.) (Dermestidae), reared individually on a yeast-supplemented Purina® Laboratory Chow diet, was studied. At full term female larvae had a maximum mean weight of 18.34 mg compared to 10.37 mg for males. The mean duration of the larval stage was 254 days for males and 260 days for females. The extended sigmoidal growth curves were atypical for insects in that very little weight gain (as a percentage of the final larval weight) occurred in the last instars. The average number of larval stadia was 7 for males and 8 for females, but a range of stadia was observed for each sex. Mean pupal weights were 9.18 mg for males and 16.10 for females. Mean adult weights were 7.79 mg for males and 14.40 mg for females.
Iron-Sulfide-Associated Products Formed during Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride.

This paper investigated the mackinawite (FeS)-associated products formed during reaction between FeS and carbon tetrachloride (CT) at pH 7 and 8. At pH 8, reaction of FeS with CT led to formation of abundant spherical particles with diameters between 50 and 400 nm on the FeS surface and in solution; far fewer such particles were observed at pH 7. Analysis of the FeS surface by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy after reaction with CT at pH 8 showed decreased sulfur and elevated oxygen compared to unreacted FeS. The spherical particles that formed upon FeS reaction with CT were mostly amorphous with localized areas of poorly crystalline two-line ferrihydrite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the predominant Fe surface species after reaction with CT at pH 8 was Fe(III)—O, consistent with ferrihydrite and other amorphous iron (hydr)oxides as major products. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis suggested formation of greigite upon reaction of FeS with CT at pH 7. Both ferrihydrite and Fe2+, whic...
Microstructure of Undercooled Ni-B Eutectic Alloy of Non-equilibrium Solidification

Microstructure evolution of Ni-3.6%B alloy at different undercooling and cooling rates was studied by combination of molten-glass and cyclic superheating.The results show that both undercooling and cooling rate play an important role in evolution of microstructure morphology.When undercooling increased from 16 K to 301 K,the break-up α-Ni dendrites evolved from rod to granular and the eutectic transferred from lamellar to anomalous dot.As the increase of the cooling rate i.e.from nature cooling,water quench,Ga-In quench to Cu mold chilling,a transition of microstructure morphology from anomalous dot to lamellar eutectic was observed.Further theoretical analysis indicates that the microstructure morphology of Ni-3.6%B alloy is controlled by undercooling in small undercooling,whereas,by cooling rate in large undercooling.
Dynamic Relationship Marketing

AbstractFirms routinely engage in relationship marketing (RM) efforts to improve their relationships with business partners, and extant research has documented the effectiveness of various RM strategies. According to the perspective proposed in this article, as customers migrate through different relationship states over time, not all RM strategies are equally effective, so it is possible to identify the most effective RM strategies given customers’ states. The authors apply a multivariate hidden Markov model to a six-year longitudinal data set of 552 business-to-business relationships maintained by a Fortune 500 firm. The analysis identifies four latent buyer–seller relationship states, according to each customer’s level of commitment, trust, dependence, and relational norms, and it parsimoniously captures customers’ migration across relationship states through three positive (exploration, endowment, recovery) and two negative (neglect, betrayal) migration mechanisms. The most effective RM strategies acr...
Policy Change in Indian Communications

In the early 1990s, Northern policy and business groups have rediscovered India. A new conventional interpretation is emerging regarding the Indian economy and India's communications sector. Thus whereas in the 1980s the Indian economy was seen as an underachiever in terms of its growth, hampered by domestic regulations and a lack of integration with international trade and investment and financial flows, and characterized by a low density and service quality of interactive telecommunications opportunities that inhibited productive efficiency, modernization and development, the Indian economy is now presented as one of the 'big emerging markets' for the next century.1
Online Survey of Heterogeneous Users and Their Usage of the Interactive Mapping Platform WorldMap

This article reports on the results of an online survey with 290 heterogeneous users of the interactive mapping platform WorldMap and provides insights into problems faced by such users. Heterogeneous users are users with a variety of GIS skills, educational background, gender, and age categories. We investigate how they interact with online maps and analyse their experience. WorldMap represents as a case study of an online mapping platform which aims to serve researchers and users across disciplines in viewing and creating online interactive maps. We concentrate on operations that are perceived as difficult and very difficult by the majority of users as well as operations that are rarely used. Our aim is to contribute to the discussions on how to improve the design of online GIS-based mapping platforms. We conclude the paper with reflections on the results of our study and ideas for further research.
Cross-shaped shorted patch antenna

In this paper a novel cross-shaped patch antenna is presented. Various size reduction techniques have been investigated and the best solution is utilized to reduce a conventional probe fed rectangular antenna by 89%. A bandwidth of 8% is achieved. The antenna is small and is suitable for wireless portable devices.
General Method for the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrabenzo[8]circulenes

Functionalized derivatives of the saddle-shaped molecule tetrabenzo[8]circulene were successfully synthesized through a Diels–Alder/oxidative cyclodehydrogenation approach. This methodology improves on our previously reported synthesis, affording products containing both electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups from readily available starting materials in a more efficient manner. The optoelectronic effects that result from the introduction of this functionality are presented and briefly discussed.
Adrenal Injuries: Historical Facts and Modern Truths.

Prior to the advent of whole body computed tomography, injuries of the adrenal gland were almost exclusively identified on postmortem examinations and were associated with severe injury. Recent literature has continued to identify an association between adrenal injuries and high ISS. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of adrenal trauma on ISS and mortality while controlling for potential confounding factors. A 15-year retrospective review for all adrenal gland injuries from a Level 1 Trauma Center’s Trauma Registry was performed. Based on the characteristics of that patient population, the same Trauma Registry was then queried for case-matched patients, and the two groups compared to assess the influence of adrenal gland injuries on mortality. Seventy-two patients with adrenal injuries were identified and compared to 1026 case-matched patients. The adrenal gland injury was not a contributing factor in any of the study group mortalities. The mean ISS for the adrenal gland injured group was higher than the overall Registry ISS (18.7 vs 10.6) but almost identical to the ISS of patients case matched for abdominal injuries. Case-matched analysis based on multiple clinical variables demonstrates that the ISS of patients with adrenal gland injuries were similar to the ISS of patients with other injuries to the abdominal region and were in fact associated with a 0.02% decrease in mortality.
Simple robust tests for the specification of high-frequency predictors of a low-frequency series

Abstract Two variable addition test statistics aimed at the specification of a high-frequency predictor of a series observed at a lower frequency are proposed. Under the null, the high-frequency predictor is aggregated to the low frequency versus mixed-frequency alternatives. The first test statistic is similar to those in the extant literature, but its robustness to conditionally biased forecast error and cointegrated and deterministically trending covariates is shown. It is feasible and consistent even if estimation is not feasible under the alternative. However, its size is not robust to nuisance parameters when the high-frequency predictor is stochastically trending, and size distortion may be severe. The second test statistic is a simple modification of the first that sacrifices power in order to correct this distortion. An application to forecasting and nowcasting monthly state-level retail gasoline prices illustrates how the test statistics may be utilized when the presence of nuisance parameters and orders of integration are unknown.
Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions

Research summary: This article proposes an approach for modeling competitive interactions that incorporates the costs to firms of changing strategy. The costs associated with strategy modifications, which we term “repositioning costs,” are particularly relevant to competitive interactions involving major changes to business strategies. Repositioning costs can critically affect competitive dynamics and, consequently, the implications of strategic interaction for strategic choice. While the literature broadly recognizes the importance of such costs, game-theoretic treatments of major strategic change, with very limited exceptions, have not addressed them meaningfully. We advocate greater recognition of repositioning costs and illustrate with two simple models how repositioning costs may facilitate differentiation and affect the value of a firm's capability to reduce repositioning costs through investments in flexibility. Managerial summary: This article illustrates how the decision to make a strategic change is affected by both the cost to the firm of making the various strategy modifications, as well as the cost to its rivals of changing their strategies in response. These “repositioning costs” are important because they shape the responses each competitor would likely make to a move by the other competitor, and should be anticipated when considering an initial change to one's own strategy. The paper shows how repositioning costs can be used strategically to facilitate differentiation, and to assess the value of potential investments in flexibility. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational applications in organic electrochemistry

Two features of particular interest in organic electrochemistry are the reduction and/or oxidation potentials of organic substances and the structures of electrochemically generated intermediates. The development of accurate quantum chemical methods for determining the in recent years, together with continued improvements in computing technology with which to implement such methods, has resulted in opportunities to solve problems in chemistry that cannot be solved by experiment. Two major areas which have benefited most by the availability of computational technology are improved methods for (a) prediction of redox potentials of organic species and (b) determination of the structure of electrochemically generated ion pairs. The ability to predict the reduction or oxidation potential of an unknown substance can be of value in several ways: in planning for carrying out a reaction with a mediator of electron transfer, one can compute the redox potentials of likely compounds to choose the best candidate before setting out on what might be a lengthy synthetic program and when trying to analyze a complex reaction mechanism, one can compute the redox potentials of likely short-lived intermediates. The structures of electrogenerated intermediates can offer new insights into the binding between charged species.
Manford H. Kuhn

Manford H. Kuhn created a school of thought in symbolic interaction, known as the Iowa School, that made the social self its central concept and that galvanized systematic empirical research. In so doing, Kuhn taught and trained several notable interactionists, including Robert Stewart, Carl Couch, and Norman Denzin. Kuhn’s legacy remains, although not often in explicit writings. This essay intends to convey how important Kuhn was in not only providing a foundation for the study of the social self, ‘a universal variable’, as he called it, but for moving symbolic interaction into, again using his word, ‘the age of inquiry’. In providing homage to Kuhn, I wish to articulate his intentions, results, and his legacy, mostly embodied in printed works that represent a new Iowa School, spearheaded by his aforementioned student Carl Couch. It is this writer’s hope that in providing a summary and interpretation of his contributions, readers will be able to identify more precisely how he is important to the study of symbolic interaction today.
Why Do Management Theories Say What They Do? Toward a Management M-Theory:

There is a large and growing imbalance between the differentiation and integration of the management theory literature. As a result, the scholarly field needs better tools of conceptual integration...
Effects of thermo-mechanical behavior and hinge geometry on folding response of shape memory polymer sheets

Shape memory polymer (SMP) sheets patterned with black ink hinges change shape in response to external stimuli, such as absorbed thermal energy from an infrared (IR) light. The geometry of these hinges, including size, orientation, and location, and the applied thermal loads significantly influence the final folded shape of the sheet, but these variables have not been fully investigated. We perform a systematic study on SMP sheets to fundamentally understand the effects of single and double hinge geometries, hinge orientation and spacing, initial temperature, heat flux intensity, and pattern width on the folding behavior. We have developed thermo-viscoelastic finite element models to characterize and quantify the stresses, strains, and temperatures as they relate to SMP shape changes. Our predictions indicate that hinge orientation can be used to reduce the total bending angle, which is the angle traversed by the folding face of the sheet. Two parallel hinges increase the total bending angle, and heat con...
Effect of particle size and polydispersity on dust entrainment behind a moving shock wave

Abstract To improve the fundamental understanding of dust dispersion with application to explosion safety, a series of experiments was conducted to elucidate the effect of particle size and size polydispersity on dust-layer dispersion behind moving shock waves. Aluminum samples of various average sizes (D3,2 = 1.7–30.3 μm) with varying polydispersity (σD = 0.93, 1.52, 2.62) were the focus of this study. A 3.2-mm layer of Al dust was subjected to shock Mach numbers ranging from 1.23 to 1.52 in a shock tube. The effect of particle density on the dust-lifting process was also studied by comparing aluminum and limestone powders with similar average sizes. The results of the study confirm that particle size and size polydispersity have significant impacts on dust lifting as smaller particles lift higher and faster for a given shock speed. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to measure the effect of size polydispersity in a dust layer in a shock tube. New correlations were developed between the shock strength and the dust entrainment height as a function of time. Correlations were also developed to show the relation between dust entrainment height and particle size polydispersity. In summary, the results herein are in agreement with trends found in our previous work, where there is a linear relationship between dust-layer height growth rate and shock Mach number, and with the increase of particle size the dust entrainment height decreases. New data were collected for image analyses, where the longer observation time and higher camera framing rates led to the observation of a clear transition time between the early, linear growth regime of the dust-layer height and a much-slower average growth regime to follow. The dust particle size and polydispersity affected both the growth rate of the dust layer (i.e., the change of dust-layer height with time) and the transition times between the two growth regimes.
Multiclonal Invasion in Breast Tumors Identified by Topographic Single Cell Sequencing

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an early-stage breast cancer that infrequently progresses to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Genomic evolution has been difficult to delineate during invasion due to intratumor heterogeneity and the low number of tumor cells in the ducts. To overcome these challenges, we developed Topographic Single Cell Sequencing (TSCS) to measure genomic copy number profiles of single tumor cells while preserving their spatial context in tissue sections. We applied TSCS to 1,293 single cells from 10 synchronous patients with both DCIS and IDC regions in addition to exome sequencing. Our data reveal a direct genomic lineage between in situ and invasive tumor subpopulations and further show that most mutations and copy number aberrations evolved within the ducts prior to invasion. These results support a multiclonal invasion model, in which one or more clones escape the ducts and migrate into the adjacent tissues to establish the invasive carcinomas.
Matrix Factorization and Topic Modeling

Most document collections are defined by document-term matrices in which the rows (or columns) are highly correlated with one another. These correlations can be leveraged to create a low-dimensional representation of the data, and this process is referred to as dimensionality reduction.
Adaptive Bayesian Radio Tomography

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) is an emerging technology to locate physical objects in a geographical area covered by wireless networks. From the attenuation measurements collected at spatially distributed sensors, radio tomography capitalizes on spatial loss fields (SLFs) measuring the absorption of radio frequency waves at each location along the propagation path. These SLFs can be utilized for interference management in wireless communication networks, environmental monitoring, and survivor localization after natural disaster such as earthquakes. Key to the success of RTI is to model accurately the shadowing effects as the bi-dimensional integral of the SLF scaled by a weight function, which is estimated using regularized regression. However, the existing approaches are less effective when the propagation environment is heterogeneous. To cope with this the present paper introduces a piecewise homogeneous SLF governed by a hidden Markov random field model. Efficient and tractable SLF estimators are developed by leveraging Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Furthermore, an uncertainty sampling method is developed to adaptively collect informative measurements in estimating the SLF. Numerical tests using synthetic and real datasets demonstrate capabilities of the proposed algorithm for radio tomography and channel-gain estimation.
Interactions Between Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone, Somatostatin and Galanin in the Control of Growth Hormone Secretion

Growth hormone (GH) is secreted episodically in man and animals (1,2). This rhythmic secretory pattern results from the interactions between two neuropeptides, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin. Evidence supports the hypothesis that these two hypophysiotrophic factors are themselves released in an episodic manner into the portal circulation, thereby directly influencing the pituitary somatotrophs. Our understanding of the interactions between GHRH and somatostatin at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels, although extensively investigated, is incomplete.
Origin of Isoforms and Interaction with Nucleic Acids

Phosphoprotein B23 (Mr /pI = 38,000/5.1) is a RNA-associated protein located predominantly in the granular component of the nucleolus (Spector et al., 1984) proposed to be an assembly factor in the later stages of ribosome biogenesis. More recently, Borer et al. (1989) suggested that the protein is also a carrier of ribosomal proteins into the nucleus. Electrophoretic and immunoblot analyses in this and other laboratories (Chan et al., 1985) indicate the presence of at least two forms of the protein, differing slightly in molecular mass. Recently, a full-length cDNA for rat protein B23 was isolated and sequenced (Chang et al., 1988). During the course of screening a cDNA library a second cDNA clone was observed. The two cDNAs contained identical 5′ regions but distinct 3′ regions. This led to our first question: do the two isoforms arise from separate genes or from different expressed segments within a single gene?
Abstract IA02: Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and second deadliest cancer in the U.S. with 135,430 cases and 50,260 deaths in 2017. Its pathogenesis stems from genetic susceptibility coupled with environmental interactions in the colon and rectum that synergize ideal conditions for neoplastic growth, initially from benign adenomatous polyps that might progress to carcinoma over several years. However, there is a disparity in morbidity and mortality among races, with African Americans demonstrating the highest incidence and mortality rates and a distribution of cancer that favors metastatic disease at presentation. The causes are likely multifactorial and include environmental factors that directly or indirectly influence the colonic epithelium and stem cells to be primed to commence the neoplastic process; societal factors such as socioeconomic class and access to health insurance; biologic factors such as earlier age development of adenomas and more proximal colon distribution of cancers or the gut microbiome; genetic factors such as higher frequency of somatic KRAS mutations that increase the aggressiveness of CRCs and shifts of the type of microsatellite instability that affect outcome; and immunologic factors such as less granzyme B-expressing T cells within CRCs. Most of these observations have just come in the past 10 years of research. Further biologic studies on environmental and genetic influences would be enhanced with adequate biorepository sources for CRC specimens from a variety of racial backgrounds, as most published data are not obtained from diverse specimens. CRC is preventable, and there is evidence that enhanced screening rates among African Americans can reduce or abolish the observed disparity. The 2017 U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer for the first time included race as a factor in their screening recommendations, moving African Americans from age 50 years to age 45 years to commence CRC screening. Other opportunities to reduce the disparity include improved provider and patient education for screening and patient navigation for screening. Including a diverse population for trials of CRC screening, genome-wide association and other genetic studies, and treatment trials would further identify unique issues for higher-risk populations. Citation Format: John M. Carethers. Colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.