cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pivotal and peripheral roles of bilingual classroom assistants at a Swedish elementary school

This article presents a qualitative study of how the individual roles and ideologies of four Arabic and Somali bilingual classroom assistants at an elementary school in Sweden both mirror and challenge larger discourses about language, education and social integration. Data were analyzed using the theoretical constructs of positioningand reveal that the classroom assistants were left out of curricular planning and pedagogical decision-making while at the same timetaking on three pivotal roles as disciplinarians, parent-teacher liaisons, and role models to students. As schools seek solutions to instructional dilemmas inherent in the simultaneous inclusion of newcomer immigrant and refugee students in Swedish-medium classrooms and the promotion of bilingualism, this research sheds light on how bilingual classroom assistants take up their roles as mediators of language and culture within this dynamic.
Applications of 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry to an Article with Internal Features

3D scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) systems continue to gain popularity for use in experimental modal analysis as the systems become more widespread. LDV is, by its nature, limited to measurements with line-of-sight visibility. This work presents an application of 3D scanning LDV to a test article with un-instrumented internal features that were not accessible to the lasers. The internal features, while not directly measurable, were known to contribute strongly to the modal characteristics of the test article. Initially, a traditional roving hammer test was conducted and modal parameters were extracted. The limited degrees of freedom inherent to this test method proved to be inadequate to correctly identify key mode shapes. It was found that by increasing the measurement point density and including all three translational degrees of freedom at each point, the key modal characteristics of the full system were able to be inferred from purely external measurements. These characteristics were essential in updating the mechanical behavior and material properties of the corresponding finite element model. The response measurements required for system identification were only practically achievable using the 3D LDV system. Comparisons of key experimental results to those of the calibrated analytical model are demonstrated.
Power Grid Protection of the Muscle Mitochondrial Reticulum.

Mitochondrial network connectivity enables rapid communication and distribution of potential energy throughout the cell. However, this connectivity puts the energy conversion system at risk, because damaged elements could jeopardize the entire network. Here, we demonstrate the mechanisms for mitochondrial network protection in heart and skeletal muscle (SKM). We find that the cardiac mitochondrial reticulum is segmented into subnetworks comprising many mitochondria linked through abundant contact sites at highly specific intermitochondrial junctions (IMJs). In both cardiac and SKM subnetworks, a rapid electrical and physical separation of malfunctioning mitochondria occurs, consistent with detachment of IMJs and retraction of elongated mitochondria into condensed structures. Regional mitochondrial subnetworks limit the cellular impact of local dysfunction while the dynamic disconnection of damaged mitochondria allows the remaining mitochondria to resume normal function within seconds. Thus, mitochondrial network security is comprised of both proactive and reactive mechanisms in striated muscle cells.
Public information officers’ social media monitoring during the Zika virus crisis, a global health threat surrounded by public uncertainty

Abstract As Zika virus emerged as a global health concern in 2016, it was surrounded in public uncertainty regarding its transmission and health consequences. Health communicators were tasked with managing their own uncertainties and with incomplete information on the virus. Given the misinformation, rumors, and even conspiracy theories surrounding Zika virus, monitoring public awareness and understanding of the mysterious illness on social media could offer critical insight to crisis management. A survey ( n = 226) was conducted with public information officers (PIOs) at local public health departments across the United States to reveal how they utilize and listen to social media during public health crises. In addition to an overall low rate of social media monitoring reported by PIOs, troublesome disparities exist based on community size served. However, there were positive relationships between social media monitoring and satisfaction with overall departmental crisis management as well as preparedness for Zika. These and many other monitoring trends are explored.
Courts and Economic and Social Rights/Courts as Economic and Social Rights

This chapter puts courts into economic and social rights discourse with three aims in mind. A first is to understand what can be learned about courts by seeing them through this lens. A second is to understand more about economic and social rights once justice systems are seen as within that fold. A third is to use the example of courts to analyze the impact of privatization and globalization on the sovereignty of states and the array of services that they have come to provide. My argument is first that by classifying courts as economic and social rights, the challenges and the fragility of judicial systems in democratic orders become vivid. Egalitarian social and political movements of the twentieth century changed the persons to whom courts had to provide fair treatment and expanded the kind and nature of rights claims to be advanced. The result has been soaring demands for services, bringing to the fore questions about levels of funding for both the justice apparatus and its users. Courts thus provide an example of a successful universal entitlement under stress, as diverse individuals and groups regularly seek services. Detailed below are debates about funding and subsidies that reflect the commitments to, the challenges of, and the backlash against open courthouse doors. Second, rights-to-courts have a special character. Arguments for constitutionalizing economic and social rights often rest on their ability to enable individuals to have a “decent life” by supporting their autonomy and well-being. Rights-to and rights-in courts are not only in service of users, but also are statist; governments depend on courts to implement their norms, to develop and to protect their economies, and to prove their capacity to provide “peace and security.” Third, the risks of the unraveling of “the governmental” put courts and an array of other rights in jeopardy. Efforts to insist on the privatization of government activities, in pursuit of deregulation, aim to denude the state of its identity as a provider of goods and services. Deregulatory efforts in courts is part of the movement against the egalitarian redistributive aspirations that the moniker “economic and social rights” encodes and that transformed courts into institutions protecting rights across classes, from the propertied to the prisoner.
Is There Any Hope? How Climate Change News Imagery and Text Influence Audience Emotions and Support for Climate Mitigation Policies

Using a national sample, this study experimentally tests the effects of news visuals and texts that emphasize either the causes and impacts of climate change or actions that can be taken to address climate change. We test the effects of variations in text and imagery on discrete emotions (i.e., hope, fear, and anger) and, indirectly, on support for climate mitigation policies. Political ideology is examined as a moderator. The findings indicate that news images and texts that focus on climate-oriented actions can increase hope and, in the case of texts, decrease fear and anger, and these effects generally hold across the ideological spectrum. In turn, the influence of emotions on policy support depends on ideology: Hope and fear increase support for climate policies for all ideological groups but particularly conservatives, whereas anger polarizes the opinions of liberals and conservatives. Implications for climate change communication that appeals to emotions are discussed.
The Anemia of Chronic Inflammation

hypoproliferative anemia in man. ACI can be associated with inflammation of any type (Table 4.1). In each case, the associations represent a form of inflammation and cytokine release, whether infectious or not. Even with simple tissue injury, such as myocardial infarction or surgery, there is an inflammatory response in the process of wound repair. There are four major mechanisms that contribute to the anemia of chronic inflammation.
Japan’s Nuclear Imaginaries Before and After Fukushima: Visions of Science, Technology, and Society

Two recent insights regarding social imaginaries are of particular relevance in thinking about the Fukushima disaster and its aftermath. First, social imaginaries are consequential for social resilience. Second, imaginaries play a significant role in the way a society addresses science and technology. In light of these insights, the chapter explores nuclear imaginaries in Japan before and after Fukushima, and presents several key historical factors that shaped such imaginaries in the lasting manner. It presents how Japan’s nuclear imaginaries have persistently embraced certain ideals of science and technology, and excluded people subject to radiation risks. The chapter concludes by calling for explicit engagement with our nuclear imaginaries, in terms of social resilience, and also as an arena where we can explore more democratic approaches to science and technology. Such engagement is also consequential to larger visions of society.
A Step-by-Step Guide to Fully Percutaneous Transaxillary Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now established as a viable therapy for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. Though femoral access is used for the majority of cases today, this...
Are published techniques for increasing service-gratuities/tips effective? P-curving and R-indexing the evidence

Abstract Recently developed statistical tools are used to assess the evidential value and replicability of the published experimental literature on ways to increase tips. Significantly right-skewed full and half p-curves indicate that the literature is more than a collection of Type 1 errors – it provides evidence of real effects. Moreover, those real effects are scattered across both replicated and non-replicated effects as well as across the work of each of the major contributors to this literature. An overall r-index of 0.55 indicates that over half of the reported effects would likely be replicated if the studies were repeated. More research is need to ascertain the reliability of specific effects – especially those reported by Gueguen, because lower power makes his effects less replicable than others in the literature. Nevertheless, readers can be reasonably confident that most of the techniques for increasing tips in this literature will work.
Iodosodalite Waste Forms from Low-Temperature Aqueous Process

Nuclear energy is one option to meet rising electricity demands, although one concern of this technology is the proper capture and storage of radioisotopes produced during fission processes. One of the more difficult radioisotopes is 129 I due to its volatility and poor solubility in traditional waste forms such as borosilicate glass. Iodosodalite has been previously proposed as a viable candidate to immobilize iodine due to high iodine loading and good chemical durability. Iodosodalite was traditionally synthesized using solid state and hydrothermal techniques, but this paper discusses an aqueous synthesis approach to optimize and maximize the iodosodalite yield. Products were pressed into pellets and fired with glass binders. Chemical durability and iodine retention results are included.
Breakthrough-Therapy Designation — An FDA Perspective

Breakthrough-Therapy Designation The authors provide a perspective on the rationale and goals of the designation of “breakthrough therapy” by the Food and Drug Administration.
Electromagnetic interference from personal dust monitors and other electronic devices with proximity detection systems.

In April 2016, the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) began requiring the use of continuous personal dust monitors to monitor and measure respirable mine dust exposures to underground coal miners. Mines are currently using the PDM3700 personal dust monitor to comply with this regulation. After the PDM3700’s implementation, mine operators discovered that it interfered with proximity detection systems, thus exposing miners to potential striking and pinning hazards from continuous mining machines. Besides the PDM3700, other electronic devices were also previously reported to interfere with proximity detection systems. MSHA sought the aid of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and mining industry stakeholders to determine how the PDM3700 and some other electronic devices and proximity detection systems interact with each other. Accordingly, NIOSH investigated existing standards, developed test protocols, designed experiments and conducted laboratory evaluations. Some interferences were observed to be caused by electromagnetic interference from some electronic devices, including the PDM3700. Results showed that there was no significant interference when the PDM3700, as well as other electronic devices, and the miner-wearable component of the proximity detection system were separated by distances of 15 cm (6 in.) or greater. In the present study, it was found that the PDM3700 and the personal alarm device needed to be at least 15 cm (6 in.) apart in order for them to be used simultaneously and reduce potential interference.
Contemporary External Beam Radiotherapy

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has a longstanding history in the treatment of prostate cancer, however the technique of therapy has evolved dramatically. The development of technology for localization of the target volume and shaping of the high-dose regions of the radiation beam have increased disease control and reduced toxicity. These changes have occurred progressively over the past few decades with the introduction of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the 1980s, intensity modulated radiation therapy in the 1990s, and image-guided radiation therapy in the early 2000s. Each of these developments has had a marked impact on the outcomes of EBRT and this chapter will seek to highlight these advances, as well as to review modern outcomes and controversies.
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Data Mining for Geoinformatics

Studying, understanding and protecting the earth and its environment are issues of crucial importance for the sustainment and development of our society. Global climate change, severe weather, and catastrophic natural hazards such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, etc, require new scientific methodologies for their study. Understanding their governing dynamics and striving towards their timely detection, prediction, and prevention can help protect lives and properties, and minimize economic impact. The field of Geoinformatics focuses on the development of novel scientific algorithms and the implementation of computational methods to provide solutions to pressing earth-related problems. Recent advances in ground, air- and space-borne sensor technologies have provided scientists from different disciplines an unprecedented access to earth-related data. These developments are quickly leading towards a data-rich but information-poor environment. The rate at which geospatial data are being generated clearly exceeds our ability to organize and analyze them to extract patterns critical for understanding in a timely manner a dynamically changing world. These massive amounts of data require the use of an integrated framework based on Geographic information science (GIS) to address a variety of scientific questions, such as identifying strong patterns, clustering similar data points, detecting anomalies, and abstracting relevant information from sequences of satellite imagery. The scope of the Data Mining for Geoinformatics (DMG) Workshop is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and the establishment of synergistic activities among scientists working in fields such as geographic information science (GIS), data mining, machine learning, geoinformatics, remote sensing, as well as natural hazards, earth and atmospheric sciences. During this half-day event we aim to bring together these scientific communities.
Using Pregnant Text as a Lure for Collective Writing and Its Monstrous Effects

This chapter uses the introduction to this edited book as a “lure” for collective writing and its potentially diverse monstrous effects. The authors draw from the texts pregnant with futurity and possibility, otherness, and content which have some potential for creating monstrous effects in writers and readers. In exploring the notion of infinite “otherness” from Deleuze, each section of this collaborative writing experiment conceptualizes and discusses some of the diverse forms otherness might manifest and produce. Drawing from Haraway, the collaborative texts issue something “inappropriated” into the void, so as to displace what otherwise might function in its place. The authors propose that collaborative writings can never truly represent or locate monstrous effects, but rather explore them through their intermingling intensities and relationalities. Furthermore, the authors initiate explorative departures through nonsense, deception, and secrets in academic writing structures, and re-consumption through writing scams and tricks. Even though this chapter anticipates that monstrous effects and connections might lurk in all texts and in unexpected linguistic, visual, and theoretical connections, the authors are not sure what happens if anything happens at all.
Effects of Genetic Variants Associated with Familial Hypercholesterolemia on Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Million Veteran Program.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by inherited high levels of LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and premature coronary heart disease. Over a thousand low-fre...
СХЕМА ПРИСПОСОБЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ВИБРАЦИОННОГО СВЕРЛЕНИЯ ОТВЕРСТИЙ В КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ

This paper discusses the use of vibration drilling method for hole making in composite materials. The special feature of advanced composite materials is the difficulty of machining by conventional methods. The occurrence of defects such as matrix cracking, delamination and fibers failure, thermal degradation of matrix obtained in the process of making holes requires the development of new technological solutions and special equipment and tooling. As an alternative, along with cutting and abrasive machining methods for composite materials, we can consider vibration drilling, laser, ultrasonic and abrasive blasting machining of holes. The Department of Engineering Technologies and Equipment of Southwest State University has made a device intended for vibration drilling of holes in composite materials. Using the proposed method allows us to reduce the vibrations along the drill axis, both in the low-frequency and high-frequency range (20 to 500 Hz). It also allows us to change the frequency of vibration without stopping the cutting process. The device is designed for metall cutting machines related to drilling-and-boring group of machines with a vertical spindle to increase performance and improve the quality of holes shaping. Technical specifications of the designed device provide the set tool advances, the required frequency of spindle rotation, giving the necessary cutting speed (they depend on technical features of the selected machine), as well as the necessary amplitude and high frequency axial oscillations of the tool. To convert electric oscillations into mechanical ones there has been adopted the scheme of two inductance coils, being placed one above the other. The proposed method of electro-impulse drilling will solve the problem of processing composite materials (matrix cracking, delamination and fiber failures) and improve the quality and productivity of making holes in composite materials.
Rethinking Violence Prevention in Rural and Underserved Communities: How Veteran Peer Support Groups Help Participants Deal with Sequelae from Violent Traumatic Experiences.

Purpose Access to mental health care and programs that address violence prevention can be a challenge for veterans residing in rural and underserved areas. A growing number of trauma-affected veterans are now returning to rural areas upon completion of military service. The Palo Alto VA Health Care System has piloted a program known as the Peer Support Program (PSP) where certified peer support specialists hold group sessions for their fellow veterans in remote, community-based outpatient clinics. Methods A total of 29 peer-support group participants and 1 certified peer specialist were interviewed. Semistructured interviews began with open-ended questions regarding participant firsthand experiences with the support group setting. These were followed by direct questions that addressed the role of the PSP, expectations for the PSP, as well as benefits and limitations of the program. We performed a domain analysis using the Spradley ethnographic method on 325 pages of compiled narrative data focusing on violence-related themes. Findings Four key themes emerged, including: 1) Violence in Military Training Not Acceptable in Civilian Life, 2) Peer Support Creates the Trust to Speak Freely, 3) Skills Are Taught to Defuse Violence, and 4) The Veteran Peer Support Specialist Relationship Is Multi-Dimensional. Conclusions These emergent themes illustrate how trauma-focused assistance rendered by peer support specialists as part of an interdisciplinary mental health team can be implemented to benefit trauma-affected individuals and their communities in the prevention of future violence.
Electron Microscopic Analysis of Stem Cells in Human Prostate Cancer, Including Inverted Capsule Embedding Methods for Archival Sections and Falcon Films for Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.

BACKGROUND/AIM Identification of prostatic stem cells in primary prostate tissue sections, organ cultures of prostate and cell lines requires a range of techniques that allows characterization of stem cells for their potential use in the treatment of patients. Isolated cells usually round-up and develop changes in shape, size and cellular characteristics. The aim of this study was to provide a range of methods for identifying prostatic stem cells and characterizing them with regard to ultrastructure, nuclear morphology, cytoplasmic organelles, and/or expression stem cell marker CD133. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostate biopsy and prostatectomy specimens were used for studying prostatic stem cells and their known marker CD133 in tissue sections by light and/or electron microscopy. Inverted capsule embedding was used to study archival metastatic prostate in pelvic nodes and Du145 cell line in a monolayer culture. RESULTS Staining for CD133 positively identified stem cells that were found in benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostate, and prostate cancer cells. Paraffin embedded sections showed a single type of stem cells, whereas methylene blue-stained Epon sections showed both light and dark stem cells. Electron microscopy showed that both basal and stem cells were closely associated with the basement membrane (basal lamina). Stem cells had smooth plasma and nuclear membranes, a prominent nucleolus, small mitochondria, and few ribosomes. Du145 cells were separated by intercellular spaces in monolayer culture. CONCLUSION The inverted capsule embedding method allowed the study of metastasized prostate cancer in pelvic lymph nodes. Our approach enabled the assessment of stem cells in tissue sections by light and electron microscopy.
Individual Type 2: Wanderers

Wanderers are people who tend to let life take them wherever it leads. The first subtype is comprised of copycats who do not think too much and tend to do whatever other people are doing. The second subtype is comprised of fatalists who believe they cannot control their fates and decide to enjoy whatever life throws at them without thinking too much about why things happen or the future.
Power or Persuasion: Unilateral Orders and the Legislative Process

Unilateral orders are one of the president’s most formidable administrative tools yet surprisingly when they are used in the legislative process, Congress rarely responds. This research seeks to explore this black box of executive-legislative relations by analyzing two types of unilateral orders, executive orders and policy proclamations, to identify when they are used as part of a legislative strategy and their effect on the legislative process. In the universe of unilateral orders, presidents use them as a legislative strategy to influence the direction and enactment of legislation. Congress is more likely to respond with support when they are used to influence the introduction of legislation even when the objective is to move policy closer to the president. However after bills are on the agenda, Congress is more likely to constrain the president when he uses unilateral orders to move policy closer to him. This is the first empirical study of the relationship between the strategic use of unilateral orders as a legislative strategy and their effect on Congress. Importantly, this research shows how these two branches of government use their institutional tools at hand to shape policy along a legislative continuum.
The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex on the neuromuscular system

The Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) is a large multi-protein complex that links cytoskeleton actin to the extracellular matrix. This complex is critical in maintaining the structural integrity of muscle fibers and the stability of the neuromuscular synapse. The DGC consists of dystrophin and its utrophin homolog, as well as dystroglycans, sarcoglycans, sarcospan, syntrophins, and dystrobrevins. Deficiencies in DGC proteins result in several forms of muscular dystrophy with varying symptoms and degrees of severity in addition to structurally abnormal neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). This mini-review highlights current knowledge regarding the role of the DGC on the molecular dynamics of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) as it relates to the formation and maintenance of the mammalian NMJ.
Optical tweezers for micro- and nano-assembly

Optical tweezers are a powerful platform for nano- and micro-assembly, as they provide a non-contact and biologically friendly method for the three-dimensional manipulation of objects over a range of sizes and of varying material properties. Three-dimensional micro- and nano-scale structures that are composed of multiple materials often achieve improved performance over single-material designs. In the case of optical devices, the inclusion of both metallic and dielectric media allows for the possibility of achieving functionality which is otherwise inaccessible. Although there are many methods for fabricating small-scale three-dimensional optical devices, the majority of these approaches only deal with a single material or type of material. Thus, in order to create structures that consist of multiple materials, it is typically necessary to use a combination of methods over the course of several steps. Here we show that optical tweezers are a promising technology for the assembly of heterogeneous optical structures in a single process. We demonstrate our approach by fabricating structures using core-shell nanoparticles with metallic shells and dielectric cores as building blocks. To the best of our knowledge, these structures represent the first nanoscale, multi-material devices built using the optical tweezer platform. Furthermore, we discuss several relevant metrics regarding the assembly process such as object translation speeds, placement accuracy, and overall rates of fabrication. Currently, we have achieved lateral speeds up to 0.2 mm/s and placement repeatability down to 50 nm. We suggest future applications of this fabrication method and discuss the next steps in its evolution.
Rail Track Quality and T-Stochastic Neighbor Embedding for Hybrid Track Index

Rail geometry defects constitute a major cause of accidents in the United States. Geometry related accidents are often very severe and damaging. While rail geometry-caused derailments continue to rise according to Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) data, track quality analysis remain effectively unchanged. The use of TQI or track quality index takes a narrow view of track assessment by focusing on quality without considering safety. The bipartite analysis of track quality and safety results into two maintenance types: routine and corrective maintenance respectively. This study aims to create a hybrid index that combines both element of safety and geometry quality to predict only one maintenance regime based on track condition. It is an initial step towards the big picture of creating indices that will be iterated based on maintenance savings and defect probability thresholds. This study employs a linear and nonlinear dimension reduction technique that expresses the probability distribution of observations based on the similarity or dissimilarity in their embedded space whilst also maximizing the variance in data. This study found application in principal component analysis (PCA) and T-Stochastic neighbor embedding (TSNE) for separating geometry defects from higher dimensional space to lower dimensions. Results show that while both techniques effectively reduces track geometry data, PCA yields a potential defect probability threshold in spite of TSNE being a better geometry defect predictor.
Appointment scheduling at a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic using stochastic programming

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of constructing an appointment template for scheduling patients at a specific type of multidisciplinary outpatient clinic called an integrated practice unit (IPU). The focus is on developing and solving a stochastic optimization model for a back pain IPU in the face of random arrivals, an uncertain patient mix, and variable service times. The deterministic version of the problem is modeled as a mixed integer program with the objective of minimizing a weighted combination of clinic closing time (duration) and total patient waiting time (length of stay). A two‐stage stochastic program is then derived to account for the randomness and the sequential nature of the decisions. Although it was not possible to solve the two‐stage problem for even a limited number of scenarios, the wait‐and‐see (WS) problem was sufficiently tractable to provide a lower bound on the stochastic solution. The introduction of valid inequalities, limiting indices, and the use of special ordered sets helped to speed up the computations. A greedy heuristic was also developed to obtain solutions much more quickly. Out of practical considerations, it was necessary to develop appointment templates with time slots at fixed intervals, which are not available from the WS solution. The first to be derived was the expected value (EV) template that is used to find the expected value of the EV solution (EEV). This solution provides an upper bound on the objective function value of the two‐stage stochastic program. The average gap between the EEV and WS solutions was 18%. Results from extensive computational testing are presented for the EV template and for our adaptation of three other templates found in the literature. Depending on the relative importance of the two objective function metrics, the results demonstrate the trade‐off that exists between them. For the templates investigated, the “closing time” ranged from an average of 235 to 275 minutes for a 300‐minute session, while the corresponding “total patient time in clinic” ranged from 80 to 71 minutes.
A Report on a New Design Spine Implementation

Innovative Practice and Work-In-Progress Paper. The modern apprentice engineer faces new challenges throughout their career. From having to continuously retrain in industry to preparing for industries that may not exist yet, the engineering-in-training needs a new set of adaptable tools to prepare himself for the future. One such methodology that attempts to prepare the apprentice engineer is the design spine methodology. The design spine methodology has been studied elsewhere in other contexts, and at its core it involves enrolling and engaging in design activities throughout the engineering curriculum.In year three after establishing a new program in engineering based upon the design spine methodology at a liberal arts college, we hope to share with the community a variety of the design spine methodology (we call the DesignSpine), that has a number of facets we believe make it a powerful educational paradigm.
A GUIDE TO DESIGNING FUTURE GROUND-BASED COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND EXPERIMENTS

In this follow-up work to the high energy physics Community Summer Study 2013 (aka SNOWMASS), we explore the scientific capabilities of a future Stage IV cosmic microwave background polarization experiment under various assumptions on detector count, resolution, and sky coverage. We use the Fisher matrix technique to calculate the expected uncertainties of cosmological parameters in νΛCDM that are especially relevant to the physics of fundamental interactions, including neutrino masses, effective number of relativistic species, dark energy equation of state, dark matter annihilation, and inflationary parameters. To further chart the landscape of future cosmology probes, we include forecasted results from the baryon acoustic oscillation signal as measured by Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument to constrain parameters that would benefit from low redshift information. We find the following best 1σ constraints: σ(M {sub ν}) = 15 meV, σ(N {sub eff}) = 0.0156, dark energy figure of merit = 303, σ(p {sub ann}) = 0.00588 × 3 × 10{sup –26} cm{sup 3} s{sup –1} GeV{sup –1}, σ(Ω {sub K}) = 0.00074, σ(n{sub s} ) = 0.00110, σ(α {sub s}) = 0.00145, and σ(r) = 0.00009. We also detail the dependencies of the parameter constraints on detector count, resolution, and sky coverage.
Effect of halohydrocarbon solvents on the dielectric performance of a polymer film and its application to inorganic electroluminescent devices

Abstract Polymer films with halohydrocarbon solvents as additive solvents were fabricated to investigate the solvent effect on dielectric performance. Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene (CB), chloroform, and fluorobenzene (FB) were used as halohydrocarbon solvents. The cyanoethyl pullulan (CRS) polymer film with CB had a dielectric constant of 21.5 with a dielectric loss of 0.017 at 100 Hz, which exhibited a 37% increase in dielectric constant compared to the neat CRS polymer film. Increment of the dielectric constant is attributed to the high polarizability of carbon–chlorine bonds originated from CB absorbed in CRS. For the case of the CRS polymer film with FB, the dielectric constant did not increase due to the low polarizability of carbon–fluorine bonds. In order to verify the dielectric performance of the CRS polymer film with CB (CRS/CB), AC-driven inorganic powder electroluminescent (EL) device was fabricated using the green emission ZnS:Cu,Cl phosphor particles. An EL device with CRS/CB polymer film as a dielectric layer exhibited a 37% and 55% increase in luminance and efficiency, respectively compared to that with neat CRS polymer. This increase in EL performance was attributed to the increase of charge carrier density at the interface between the emitting and dielectric layers, resulting in the increased possibility of the charge carrier tunneling into phosphor particles.
Impact of military culture and experiences on eating and weight‐related behavior

Disordered eating behaviors and obesity are becoming increasingly common among United States military personnel. However, little research has explored the role of the military environment as it may influence the development of disordered eating among personnel. The present qualitative analysis examined beliefs about how military experiences affected eating and weight-related behaviors. Military personnel who served within the last year and a year or more ago (n = 250) were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Data included in the present study consisted of participant responses to three open-ended questions, analyzed by means of content and thematic analysis. Analyses yielded eight themes: eating extremely quickly, strict mealtime regimens, the pressure to "make weight," food insecurity, difficulty after military, food quality/content, overeating behavior, and military superior maltreatment. The current study provides a preliminary examination of the role of the military culture and experiences in the development of unhealthy eating and weight-related behaviors and offers suggestions for future research and interventions.
Associative Learning and Representativeness

The representativeness heuristic constitutes constitutes a striking departure from Bayesian inference. According to a strong form of the heuristic, agents reverse a conditioning argument: for example inferring that a patient is more likely than not to have a disease, conditional on a positive test result. The correct inference is that a positive test result is more likely than not, conditional on disease. Recent research implicates representativeness in a wide range of financial market anomalies, with consequences for the real economy. However, the cognitive foundations of representativeness heuristic (RH) remain unknown. Here, we show that the RH emerges from a model of associative memory, leading to a cognitive foundation for the RH, and a means of integrating the RH into economic models involving decision-making under uncertainty.
Relationships between components of the 24-hour activity cycle and feelings of energy and fatigue in college students: A systematic review

Abstract Problem College students report high levels of mental and emotional exhaustion. As part of the 24-hour activity cycle (24-HAC), sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), and physical activity are health habits that may exert independent and interactive effects on daily aspects of wellbeing and health in this cohort. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the available evidence on relationships between the individual components of the 24-HAC and feelings of energy and fatigue among college students. Method Three databases were searched using terms related to sleep, SED, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), energy, fatigue, and college students. Peer-reviewed, primary studies published in English using valid and reliable measures were included. Results Fifty-two unique studies were identified for inclusion. Sleep quality and quantity are likely positively associated with feelings of energy and negatively associated with feelings of fatigue; however, studies on LIPA and SED were less common leading to inconclusive findings. Most studies reported on associations between MVPA and feelings of energy or fatigue and indicate positive and negative relationships, respectively. Conclusions To date, most research has focused on relationships between MVPA and feelings of energy and fatigue. More research is needed to further characterize relationships between the other behavioral components and these outcomes of interest. Additionally, future research should include measurements of all four behavioral components within the framework of the 24-HAC to more fully elucidate how these behaviors interact to impact feelings of energy and fatigue in college students.
Younger age and early puberty are associated with cognitive function decline in children with Cushing disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypercortisolism on the developing brain we performed clinical, cognitive, and psychological evaluation of children with Cushing disease (CD) at diagnosis and 1 year after remission. Study design Prospective study of 41 children with CD. Children completed diverse sets of cognitive measures before and 1 year after remission. Neuropsychological evaluation included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, California Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, the combined subset scores of Wide Range Achievement Test and Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery Test of Achievement, and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children. Results Comprehensive cognitive evaluations at baseline and 1 year following cure revealed significant decline mostly in nonverbal skills. Decrements occurred in most of the various indices that measure all aspects of cognitive function and younger age and early pubertal stage largely contributed to most of this decline. Results indicated that age at baseline was associated with positive regression weights for changes in scores for verbal, performance, and full intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and for subtests arithmetic, picture completion, coding, block design, scores; indicating that older age at baseline was associated with less of a deterioration in cognitive scores from pre- to posttreatment. Conclusion Our findings suggest that chronic glucocorticoid excess and accompanying secondary hormonal imbalances followed by eucortisolemia have detrimental effects on cognitive function in the developing brain; younger age and pubertal stage are risk factors for increased vulnerability, while older adolescents have cognitive vulnerabilities like that of adult patients affected with CD.
Image and Imago: A Rational Defense of a Theological Anthropology of Gender

Depending on one’s perspective, this is either a thoroughly commonsensical statement or else a betrayal of the struggle of being a woman in the 21 century. Trying to ascertain which way one should view this statement (and one cannot have it both ways in this specific instance) strikes at the heart of issues of gender identity, gender meaning, and gender confusion today. Modern and Post-Modern discourse espouses an increasingly plastic or subjective understanding on gender. As a result, confusions run rampant throughout discussions on subjects as practical as marriage and as theoretical as questions of human meaning and purpose. Catholic theology provides a response to this problem with a consistent account of gender that is also compatible with the best evidence available in support of a purely rational approach. A better understanding of the true meaning and purpose of gender, especially in regard to relationships,
Relationship between the magnitude of bacteremia in children and the clinical disease.

The relationship between the magnitude of bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis and the clinical diagnosis was determined on 79 children who were not receiving prior antibiotic therapy and had fever, either in the presence or absence of focal signs of infection. Bacteremia was quantitated by the recently described Quantitative Direct Plating procedure in which heparinized blood (0.5 ml each) is plated onto blood and chocolate agar plates. Additionally, blood was cultured by means of the radiometric Bactec technique. In the case of H. influenzae and S pneumoniae, 23 (92%) of 25 patients with more than 100 organisms per milliliter of blood had meningitis or epiglottitis in contrast to only four (9.5%) of 42 patients with less than 100 organisms (P less than .001). No significant difference was noted in the magnitude of bacteremia due to N meningitidis among 12 patients with meningitis or other serious infections. The possible predictive value of the quantitation of bacteremia is illustrated by the observation of three children with seemingly mild respiratory infection and counts in excess of 100 organisms per milliliter who, within 20 hours, developed meningitis or epiglottitis. High bacterial counts of H influenzae and S pneumoniae in excess of 100 organisms per milliliter of blood should alert the physician to the existence or possible development of serious disease.
Arrangement based image representation for scene recognition

Studies on human faculties of scene recognition have lead to two broad classifications of the perceived information: local and global. It has been shown that both are processed separately and combined towards final category assignment. Recently, it was suggested that accuracy of computational models for local information closely match human performance, while it is not so for current global representations. In this paper, we propose a new global representation, AGIR. The key differences we propose to current approaches is the explicit modeling of ‘arrangement’ (co-occurrence and configuration) in the scene, and use of multiple hierarchical dictionaries. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown through various experiments and comparisons on both indoor and outdoor scene recognition.
Optoelectronic integration using statistical assembly and magnetic retention of heterostructure pills

Magnetically assisted statistical assembly (MASA), whereby heterostructure device pills are statistically assembled in dielectric recesses on a Si integrated circuit and retained by short-range magnetic forces, is described and demonstrated for the first time.
Expressive Writing to Cope with Hate Speech: Assessing Psychobiological Stress Recovery and Forgiveness Promotion for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Queer Victims of Hate Speech

This study examined whether expressive writing could help lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) hate speech victims increase forgiveness for offenders, and accelerate cortisol recovery following a discussion task in which they recalled the details of their experiences. Participants (N = 46) were assigned to a benefit-finding, traumatic disclosure writing, or control condition. The findings indicate that benefit-finding promoted forgiveness and reduced cortisol values, whereas traumatic disclosure writing only accelerated cortisol recovery. Analyses of the linguistic features of victims' narratives revealed that the amount of emotion-related words related to cortisol recovery, whereas the greater use of cognitive words was related with forgiveness. Implications for theory, methodological comparison, and future research are discussed.
The electrical potentials of the human uterus in labor.

Abstract Contraction of the uterine muscle during labor in the human is accompanied by changes in potential of low frequency and voltage. Voluntary muscular activity, the apparent lack of identical or even similar conduction patterns, and the technical inherent difficulties of the amplification of direct current all make a great deal of investigation necessary before the procedure can be properly evaluated in respect to its status in the labor problem.
Quantum interactions of LG beams

Summary form only given. The aim of this work is to promote the development of a quantum framework for formulating the interactions of Laguerre-Gaussian beams and others of related structure, in which a helical wavefront confers an endowment with orbital angular momentum. We explore changes in selection rules in the context of non-linear processes, especially second harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation processes, and the effects of higher electric and magnetic multipoles. We evaluate the forces and torques that can act on molecules endowed with electric or magnetic multipoles.
Atrial fibrillation in acute pericarditis: an overblown association

To the Editor; Imazio et al 1 investigated the incidence and prognosis of presumably new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter in acute pericarditis. They showed that only 4% of the patients with acute pericarditis developed new-onset atrial arrhythmias.1 The mean age of patients who experienced AF in this study was 67 years. Notably, the age-stratified AF prevalence in this study remains comparable with that in the general population of a developed country.2 ,3 The …