cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation with the Personal Orientation Inventory of a problem-solving approach in teaching an undergraduate psychology course.

A major issue in evaluating innovative teaching methods has been the selection of outcome criteria. With a goal of developing students' process skills, the authors taught a clinical psychology course to undergraduates. To evaluate the course's effectiveness, Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory was utilized. There were significant changes in students' scores on 6 of the 12 scales. The implication of utilizing outcome measures consonant with the goals of a particular course was examined.
Racial group concept and self-esteem in Black children.

The relationship of racial group concepts (racial preference and racial attitudes) to general and specific self-esteem in Black children was examined. The study also attempted to validate the belief of Nobles (1973) that racial group attitudes influence the Black American's concept of "self." The subjects were 210 Black children in grades three to six. A Black ex perimenter administered a variation of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory to measure general and specific self-esteem, and a measure designed after the PRAM II test to measure racial preference and racial attitude. Results indicated no linear relationships between racial group concepts and general or specific self-esteem, but more complex relationships were found. Significant grade-level differences were found, along with physical/appearance esteem, as the single best predictor of general self-esteem.
Calculation of the gamma-ray detection efficiency of annular and well-type sodium iodide crystals☆

Abstract Calculations of the detection efficiency of annular and well-type sodium iodide scintillation crystals have been made for some of the commercially available sizes in the energy range from 0.1 to 6 MeV. The detection efficiency figures reported here are obtained from geometrical considerations using values of mass absorption coefficients available in the literature. The values for 6–100 MeV energy range can be estimated from the values reported here by the method described. For annular crystals, calculations were made for different outer dimensions with a fixed diameter of the annulus. The results indicate the effects of outer diameter and length of the annular ring upon the efficiency in various energy regions and thus are helpful in selecting a suitable annular crystal for use with a given central detector. For well-type crystals, the effects of well dimensions for a given outer geometry and source position inside the well are given. The effect of source position inside the well for a crystal of fixed dimensions is also discussed. All the calculations were made for a point source on the axis of the crystal using either 19-point or 25-point Weddle Rule for numerical integrations and an IBM-1620 computer for calculations. Where possible, results have been compared with those obtained by other investigations.
Unequal Treatment of Transgender Individuals in Domestic Violence and Rape Crisis Programs

ABSTRACTTransgender people often face barriers in accessing culturally competent domestic violence and rape crisis services, yet few studies have used a national sample of transgender people to study this topic or examine differential rates of discrimination within this population. The National Transgender Discrimination Survey, conducted in 2008 to 2009 by the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, collected data about discrimination affecting transgender people across a variety of settings. The present study involves secondary data analysis of this data set to examine whether certain sociodemographic factors and psychosocial risks are significant predictors of unequal treatment of transgender people in domestic violence programs (N = 2,438) and rape crisis centers (N = 2,424). For both settings, findings indicate that transgender individuals who are low-income and not U.S. citizens are more likely to experience unequal treatment based upon being transgender...
Strong convergence to global solutions for multidimensional flows of compressible, viscous fluids with polytropic equations of state and discontinuous initial data

We extend to general polytropic pressures P(ρ) = Kργ, γ > 1, the existence theory of [8] for isothermal (γ= 1) flows of Navier-Stokes fluids in two and three space dimensions, with fairly general initial data. Specifically, we require that the initial density be close to a constant in L2 and L∞, and that the initial velocity be small in L2 and bounded in L2n (in two dimensions the L2 norms must be weighted slightly). Solutions are obtained as limits of approximate solutions corresponding to mollified initial data. The key point is that the approximate densities are shown to converge strongly, so that nonlinear pressures can be accommodated, even in the absence of any uniform regularity information for the approximate densities.
CONTINENTAL DIVIDE: ERNST CASSIRER AND MARTIN HEIDEGGER AT DAVOS, 1929—AN ALLEGORY OF INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

The 1929 ‘Davos encounter’ between Martin Heidegger and Ernst Cassirer has long been viewed by intellectual historians as a paradigmatic event not only for its philosophical meaning but also for its apparently cultural-political ramifications. But such interpretations easily lend legitimacy to a broader and recently ascendant intellectual-historical trend that would reduce philosophy to an allegorical expression of ostensibly more ‘real’ or instrumentalist meanings. However, as this essay tries to show, the core of the dispute between Cassirer and Heidegger is irreducibly philosophical: the Davos debate brought into focus the emergent themes of the so-called “Kant-crisis” of the 1920s, and cast new light upon neo-Kantian doctrines as to the status of objectivity and the possibility for intersubjective consensus in both knowledge and ethics. The Davos encounter cannot be retroactively decided on political or cultural grounds, since it concerns just that unresolved tension between transcendentalism and hermeneutics that is itself constitutive of intellectual history as a discipline.
Anatomy of high-performance matrix multiplication

We present the basic principles that underlie the high-performance implementation of the matrix-matrix multiplication that is part of the widely used GotoBLAS library. Design decisions are justified by successively refining a model of architectures with multilevel memories. A simple but effective algorithm for executing this operation results. Implementations on a broad selection of architectures are shown to achieve near-peak performance.
Onset of the glacioeustatic signal recording late Palaeozoic Gondwanan ice growth: New data from palaeotropical East Fife, Scotland

Abstract Estimates as to the timing of initial Gondwanan ice growth during the late Mississippian onset of the late Palaeozoic Ice Age vary among different studies. This raises the question of whether or not the initial ice center growth was globally synchronized. This paper documents a 462 m thick measured vertical section through cyclical, coastal plain and shallow marine strata of late Mississippian age in the palaeotropical realm of eastern Scotland that bears significantly on the question of onset of the glacioeustatic signal associated with major Gondwanan ice growth. The complex succession was resolved into three Facies Associations, recording sediment accumulation in 1. Coastal Alluvial Plain (CAP), 2. Estuarine (EST) and 3. Marine Shelf/Deltaic (MSD) environments of deposition. The lower part of the measured section is dominated by the CAP and EST Facies Associations, with increasing contributions from the MSD Facies Association upward through the succession. The MSD Facies Association accounts exclusively for the upper 120 m of the measured section. The MSD Facies Association preserves evidence for numerous, high-magnitude (minimum 22–40 m) relative sea-level excursions, in contrast to the other two Facies Associations which show evidence for only minimal changes in formative water depth. Occurrences of the MSD Facies Association are interpreted to record a glacioeustatic signal. Initial onset of this glacioeustatic signal is recorded in the central part of the measured section, corresponding to the Asbian/Brigantian boundary at c. 332 Ma. The main onset of the glacioeustatic signal in the upper part of the measured section occurred in the lower Brigantian, at c. 330.5 Ma. These estimates are consistent with those from other studies both of the near-field record and of far-field “cyclothemic” successions of the palaeo-tropics, which indicate a period of progressive palaeoclimatic deterioration into the late Palaeozoic Ice Age during the Asbian and Brigantian stages of the Mississippian.
THE NH2-TERMINAL RESIDUES OF THE PROTEINS FROM CELL-FREE EXTRACTS OF E. COLI.

The NH 2 -terminal amino acid composition of the “soluble” proteins from a cell-free extract of E. coli has been determined by the dinitrophenyl- and phenyl-thiohydantoin methods. The results indicate that the end groups do not follow the random distribution that might have been expected from such a highly complex protein composition. Methionine, alanine, serine, threonine and aspartic and glutamic acids, the latter in minor amounts, account for close to 95% of the end groups recovered. These residues are the same as those encountered, in different proportions, at the NH 2 -terrninal end of ribosomal proteins. Analysis of the “soluble” and ribosomal proteins by starch gel electrophoresis appears to rule out the possibility that the end groups of the soluble protein fraction are contributed by contaminating ribosomal proteins. The average molecular weight of the soluble proteins, based on the end groups recovered, is approximately 50,000, compared to a value of 25,000 for the ribosomal proteins.
Locating seismic-sense stations through genetic algorithm: genetic algorithms

Recent studies warn of a possible major earthquake off the coast of State of Guerrero, Mexico, so that, it turns important to alert the population as long as possible and avoid a great disaster. This requires the construction of a network of seismic sensing stations, located at strategical positions, to detect earthquakes and issue a timely warning. In this research, we investigate how a genetic algorithm can be applied to design this network and determine the optimal location of each seismic sensing station. The number of earthquakes detected by the designed network will be used as a reference point with respect to the currently installed seismic alert system (SAS). This metric will justify the use of the genetic algorithms as a designing tool prior to the construction of the network in different regions of Mexico. The SAS stations and each solution proposed by a genetic algorithm underwent a procedure, in which it is simulated the occurrence of earthquakes obtained from the Mexico's National Seismological Service (SSN) database, to determinate its efficiency in terms of the time to warn Mexico City.
Analysis of design abstraction, representation and inferencing requirements for computer-aided design

Abstract A comparative study of contemporary CAD/CAM/CAE software and engineering tasks reveals a mismatch between the requirements of engineering and the capabilities of contemporary software. The mismatch lies in several areas, which include: sets of information supported, levels of abstraction or detail, and functions to aid visualization, reasoning and decision-making. This paper examines the mismatch in the above areas by means of generic models and discusses the functional requirements for developing computer-aided tools for automating and integrating some design engineering tasks.
Achieving a secure energy future: environmental and economic issues

Abstract Energy, economics, and the environment are interdependent. Land, water, atmospheric, and biological resources are being degraded by current high energy consumption. U.S. energy consumption is the highest in the world and the U.S. Department of Energy reports that the United States has only about 10 years of known and potentially discoverable oil reserves. The U.S. should reduce its energy consumption by one half to help restore the quality of the environment while improving the American standard of living by strengthening the economy and increasing the number of jobs. Because of the interdependence of energy, economics, and the environment, energy efficiency and transition to renewable energy sources are critical. An estimated 40% of current energy consumption could be produced employing solar energy technologies, but would require about 20% of total U.S. land area. Therefore, the development of solar energy technologies to substitute for fossil energy is projected to compete for land required for agriculture and forestry as well as have other environmental impacts.
Virtualized in-cloud security services for mobile devices

Modern mobile devices continue to approach the capabilities and extensibility of standard desktop PCs. Unfortunately, these devices are also beginning to face many of the same security threats as desktops. Currently, mobile security solutions mirror the traditional desktop model in which they run detection services on the device. This approach is complex and resource intensive in both computation and power. This paper proposes a new model whereby mobile antivirus functionality is moved to an off-device network service employing multiple virtualized malware detection engines. Our argument is that it is possible to spend bandwidth resources to significantly reduce on-device CPU, memory, and power resources. We demonstrate how our in-cloud model enhances mobile security and reduces on-device software complexity, while allowing for new services such as platform-specific behavioral analysis engines. Our benchmarks on Nokia's N800 and N95 mobile devices show that our mobile agent consumes an order of magnitude less CPU and memory while also consuming less power in common scenarios compared to existing on-device antivirus software.
Conformational study of oxacyclononan-2-one by dynamic NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations

Abstract The nine-membered lactone, oxacyclononan-2-one ( 1 ), was found by low-temperature 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy to have two conformations with populations of 26. 9 and 73. 1 % at −161.0°C. Free-energy barriers of 6.41 and 6.19 kcal/mol for interconversion of conformations at −140.1°C were calculated from the 13 C spectrum of the carbonyl carbon. The 1 H NMR spectrum of the CH 2 O protons splits into two bands of equal intensity at low temperatures, due to slowing of the exchange of geminal hydrogens, and the free-energy barrier for this process was 6.68 kcal/mol at coalescence (−122.6°C). The NMR results for the compound are discussed in terms of the conformations predicted by Allinger's MM3 program.
Parental Ranking of Terms Describing Nonepileptic Events

Paroxysmal nonepileptic events of psychogenic etiology in children and adolescents are common. Patients and their parents are often confused by the terminology used to describe these events. This can lead to frustration and may result in the failure to obtain the necessary nonpharmacologic treatment. Various terms are used to describe such events, some of which might be considered offensive to some individuals. Surveys from 146 parents or guardians of patients identified from a general pediatric clinic, a general neurology clinic, and a pediatric epilepsy monitoring unit were completed with the aim of determining which words and phrases were least offensive. It was determined that nonepileptic events, functional seizures, and nonepileptic attack disorder were the least offensive labels; whereas “it is all in his or her head,” hysterical seizures, and psychogenic seizures were the most offensive terms. This is the only study of its type in the pediatric population. Although each child and family requires individualized communication, we hope that this article will provide useful information to guide the practicing pediatric neurologist in informing families that their children are having events of nonepileptic etiology.
An Evaluation of Routing and Volume‐based Storage Policies in an Order Picking Operation

Order picking, the assembly of a customer's order from items in storage, is an essential link in the supply chain and is the major cost component of warehousing. The critical issue is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of the order picking activity. This study departs from the limited prior research that focused on either routing of workers or storage of warehoused items. The main objectives are to (1) evaluate various routing heuristics versus an optimal routine in a volume-based storage environment, (2) propose several methods of implementing volume-based storage, and (3) examine the interaction of the routing and storage policies under different operating conditions of pick list size and demand skewness. The experimental results show statistically significant differences in the mean route distance for the routing policies, storage policies, and their interactions. Further testing indicates that the choice of certain routing and storage policies in combination can result in increased picking efficiency.
TESTING REFRACTORIES AGAINST THE CORROSIVE ACTION OF ELECTRIC FURNACE PHOSPHATE SLAGS

A new method was developed as a means of testing refractories against molten phosphate furnace slag at 1450°C. The slag was essentially a monocalcium silicate. Brick with 131/2- by 41/2- by 21/2-inch dimensions were used as test specimens. An oil-fired pot-type furnace, 24 inches in diameter and 12 inches deep, was used for the test. Four refractories were tested at one time by this method. The test brick were suspended from a silicon carbide crown and dipped 21/2 inches into the molten slag bath. The degree of corrosion was measured by determining the volume and weight losses of the refractory. Petrographic studies were made on a number of the brick after testing. Quantitative data on twenty-two brands of refractories tested by this means are given.
Effects of methyl testosterone exposure on sexual differentiation in medaka, Oryzias latipes

Studies were conducted to characterize effects of a known androgen on sexual differentiation and development of medaka, Oryzias latipes (d-rR strain), at two life stages. Embryos were injected with graded doses of methyl testosterone (MT) prior to epiboly. The occurrence of sex-reversal, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) were evaluated in adults. Primary germ cells were counted and gonad volumes calculated for larvae to determine if sex-reversal could be detected at an early life stage. Sex-reversal of genetic females to phenotypic males was observed at both life stages. The GSI for phenotypic females was greater than for phenotypic males, while the GSI in XX males was similar to XY males. MT appeared to reduce the GSI of XX females exposed to MT but not sex-reversed. Our results indicate that embryonic exposure to androgens influences sexual development in medaka. Utilizing the d-rR strain of medaka allows detection of an effect as early as 2 weeks after chemical exposure making this a useful tool to screen chemicals for effects on sexual differentiation.
Promoter-specific binding of Rap1 revealed by genome-wide maps of protein–DNA association

We determined the distribution of repressor-activator protein 1 (Rap1) and the accessory silencing proteins Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4 in vivo on the entire yeast genome, at a resolution of 2 kb. Rap1 is central to the cellular economy during rapid growth, targeting 294 loci, about 5% of yeast genes, and participating in the activation of 37% of all RNA polymerase II initiation events in exponentially growing cells. Although the DNA sequence recognized by Rap1 is found in both coding and intergenic sequences, the binding of Rap1 to the genome was highly specific to intergenic regions with the potential to act as promoters. This global phenomenon, which may be a general characteristic of sequence-specific transcriptional factors, indicates the existence of a genome-wide molecular mechanism for marking promoter regions.
Can younger drivers be trained to scan for information that will reduce their risk in roadway traffic scenarios that are hard to identify as hazardous

Younger drivers (18-21 years) are over-involved in crashes. Research suggests that one of the reasons for this over-involvement is their failure to scan areas of the roadway for information about potential risks in situations that are hazardous, but not obviously so. The primary objective of the present study is to develop and evaluate a training program that addresses this failure. It was hypothesised that PC-based hazard anticipation training would increase the likelihood that younger drivers would scan for potential hazards on the open road. In order to test this hypothesis, 12 trained and 12 untrained drivers' eye movements were measured as they drove a vehicle on local residential, feeder and arterial roads. Overall, the trained drivers were significantly more likely to gaze at areas of the roadway that contained information relevant to the reduction of risks (64.4%) than were the untrained drivers (37.4%). Significant training effects were observed even in situations on the road that were quite different from those shown in training. These findings have clear implications for the type of training of teen drivers that is necessary in order to increase their anticipation of hazards.
Interactions of two transcriptional repressors and two transcriptional activators in modulating gibberellin signaling in aleurone cells.

Gibberellins (GAs) regulate many aspects of plant development, such as germination, growth, and flowering. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) Amy32b α-amylase promoter contains at least five cis-acting elements that govern its GA-induced expression. Our previous studies indicate that a barley WRKY gene, HvWRKY38, and its rice (Oryza sativa) ortholog, OsWRKY71, block GA-induced expression of Amy32b-GUS. In this work, we investigated the functional and physical interactions of HvWRKY38 with another repressor and two activators in barley. HvWRKY38 blocks the inductive activities of SAD (a DOF protein) and HvGAMYB (a R2R3 MYB protein) when either of these proteins is present individually. However, SAD and HvGAMYB together overcome the inhibitory effect of HvWRKY38. Yet, the combination of HvWRKY38 and BPBF (another DOF protein) almost diminishes the synergistic effect of SAD and HvGAMYB transcriptional activators. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that HvWRKY38 blocks the GA-induced expression of Amy32b by interfering with the binding of HvGAMYB to the cis-acting elements in the α-amylase promoter. The physical interaction of HvWRKY38 and BPBF repressors is demonstrated via bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. These data suggest that the expression of Amy32b is modulated by protein complexes that contain either activators (e.g. HvGAMYB and SAD) or repressors (e.g. HvWRKY38 and BPBF). The relative amounts of the repressor or activator complexes binding to the Amy32b promoter regulate its expression level in barley aleurone cells.
Vascular endothelial growth factor: much more than an angiogenesis factor.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is best known as a cytokine essential for embryonic vasculogenesis and for the angiogenesis associated with various pathologies including cancer. However, VEGF also serves other functions that are less widely recognized. An early study (Berse et al., 1992 ) revealed widespread expression of VEGF transcripts in adult tissues devoid of ongoing neovascularization, thereby predicting additional VEGF functions distinct from angiogenesis. More recent studies have confirmed that VEGF does indeed serve multiple additional functions, including normal maintenance of endothelial and neural cell compartments. These findings have important implications for the use of VEGF antagonists and VEGF receptor antagonists in patients for which inhibition of pathological angiogenesis is the therapeutic goal.
Annual production and drift of the stream amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus in Valley Creek, Minnesota1

Ahtract Annual production and drift of Gammams pseudolimnaeus were measured in a 100-m section of Valley Creek for the 5-year period 1968-1973. Production was estimated by the procedure previously termed the “Hynes method,” herein proposed to be termed the “sizefrequency method.” Annua! production was 271 and 231 kg*h,k-l (dry wt) in the first 2 years but declined subsequently to a low of 64 kg-ha-‘, apparently the result of a severe siltation. Annual mean daily drift corresponded, being high at 41 and ,16 g*d-l-m-3 s-l in the first 2 years, but only about 7 and 11 in the last 2 years. Mean annual standing stock was also high in the first 2 years (47 and 35 kg*h;l-‘) but substantially lower n the last 2 years (11 and 17); mean annual density was 7,176 and 6,849-m-” in the first 2 yet rs and 1,586 and 2,363. m -2 in the last 2 years. Annual P:B ratios were 5.7-6.6 over the 5-ytar period, with an average of 6.0. .
An Antibody to the Putative Aphid Recognition Site on Cucumber Mosaic Virus Recognizes Pentons but Not Hexons

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), the type member of the genus Cucumovirus (family Bromoviridae), is transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner. Mutagenesis experiments identified the betaH-betaI loop of the capsid subunit as a potential key motif responsible for interactions with the insect vector. To further examine the functional characteristics of this motif, we generated monoclonal antibodies that bound to native virions but not to betaH-betaI mutants. Fab fragments from these antibodies were complexed with wild-type CMV and the virus-Fab structure was determined to 12-A resolution by using electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction techniques. The electron density attributed to the bound antibody has a turret-like appearance and protrudes from each of the 12 fivefold axes of the icosahedral virus. Thus, the antibody binds only to the pentameric clusters (pentons) of A subunits of the T=3 quasisymmetric virus and does not appear to bind to any of the B and C subunits that occur as hexameric clusters (hexons) at the threefold (quasi-sixfold) axes. Modeling and electron density comparisons were used to analyze the paratope-epitope interface and demonstrated that the antibody binds to three betaH-betaI loops in three adjacent A subunits in each penton. This antibody can discriminate between A and B/C subunits even though the betaH-betaI loop adopts the same structure in all 180 capsid subunits and is therefore recognizing differences in subunit arrangements. Antibodies with such character have potential use as probes of viral assembly. Our results may provide an additional rationale for designing synthetic vaccines by using symmetrical viral particles.
Latent-model robustness in structural measurement error models

SUMMARY We present methods for diagnosing the effects of model misspecification of the true predictor distribution in structural measurement error models. We first formulate latent model robustness theoretically. Then we provide practical techniques for examining the adequacy of an assumed latent predictor model. The methods are illustrated via analytical examples, application to simulated data and with data from a study of coronary heart disease.
Effect of Loading Rate on Failure in Bulk Metallic Glasses

We have investigated failure in bulk metallic glass-forming alloys under dynamic compression. We implemented a recovery technique for the compression Kolsky bar to obtain dynamically deformed, intact specimens at various stages of deformation; this allows us to characterize the development of failure. We have also used high-speed photography to examine the failure process during the recovery experiments. The experimental results indicate that the failure under dynamic loading is somewhat different from that under quasi-static loading. Specimens subjected to quasistatic deformation developed multiple shear bands and substantial plastic deformations, while specimens subjected to dynamic (—strain rate ∼103 s-1) compressive loading fail by fracture along one dominant shear band. The mechanisms of dynamic failure in bulk metallic glasses are discussed on the basis of these experimental results.
On the design of globally optimal communication strategies for real-time noisy communication systems with noisy feedback

A real-time communication system with noisy feedback is considered. The system consists of a Markov source, forward and backward discrete memoryless channels, and a receiver with limited memory. The receiver can send messages to the encoder over the backward noisy channel. The encoding at the encoder and the decoding, the feedback, and the memory update at the receiver must be done in real-time. A distortion metric that does not tolerate delays is given. The objective is to design an optimal real-time communication strategy, i.e., design optimal real-time encoding, decoding, feedback, and memory update strategies to minimize a total expected distortion over a finite horizon. This problem is formulated as a decentralized stochastic optimization problem and a methodology for its sequential decomposition is presented. This results in a set of nested optimality equations that can be used to sequentially determine optimal communication strategies. The methodology exponentially simplifies the search for determining an optimal real-time communication strategy.
Development of Human Serine Protease-Based Therapeutics Targeting Fn14 and Identification of Fn14 as a New Target Overexpressed in TNBC

The cytokine TWEAK and its receptor, Fn14, have emerged as potentially valuable targets for cancer therapy. Granzyme B (GrB)-containing Fn14-targeted constructs were generated containing either the Fn14 ligand TWEAK (GrB-TWEAK) or an anti-Fn14 humanized single-chain antibody (GrB-Fc-IT4) as the targeting moieties. Both constructs showed high affinity and selective cytotoxicity against a panel of Fn14-expressing human tumor cells including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lines. Cellular expression of the GrB inhibitor PI-9 in target cells had no impact on the cytotoxic effect of either construct. Cellular expression of MDR1 showed no cross-resistance to the fusion constructs. GrB-TWEAK and GrB-Fc-IT4 activated intracellular caspase cascades and cytochrome C-related pro-apoptotic pathways consistent with the known intracellular functions of GrB in target cells. Treatment of mice bearing established HT-29 xenografts with GrB-TWEAK showed significant tumor growth inhibition compared to vehicle alone (P < 0.05). Both GrB-TWEAK and GrB-Fc-IT4 displayed significant tumor growth inhibition when administered to mice bearing orthotopic MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) tumor xenografts. TCGA analysis revealed that Fn14 mRNA expression was significantly higher in TNBC and in HER2-positive disease (P<0.0001) compared to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and in basal-like 2 tumors (P=0.01) compared to other TNBC molecular subtypes. Immunohistochemistry analysis of a 101 patient TNBC tumor microarray showed that 55/101 (54%) of tumors stained positive for Fn14 suggesting that this may be an excellent potential target for precision therapeutic approaches. Targeting Fn14 using fully-human, GrB-containing fusion constructs may form the basis for a new class of novel, potent and highly effective constructs for targeted therapeutic applications.
Efficacy and safety of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus rRp450 alone and combined with cyclophosphamide.

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) mutants are under development as anticancer therapeutics. One such vector, rRp450, is ICP6-deleted and expresses a prodrug enzyme for cyclophosphamide (CPA) (rat CYP2B1). Little is known about rRp450's toxicity profile, especially in combination with CPA. We tested rRp450/CPA for antitumor efficacy in an aggressive human xenograft sarcoma model, measured virus production in primary cells, and tested rRp450/CPA for safety in immunocompetent mice. CPA enhanced the antitumor efficacy of rRp450. Relative to wild-type HSV-1, rRp450 replication was attenuated ∼10,000-fold in human primary hepatocytes, differentiated primary foreskin keratinocytes, and primary Schwann cells. In vivo , intravenous and intracranial (IC) rRp450 injection at the strength of 10 8 plaque-forming units (pfu) alone or followed 24 hours later by intraperitoneal (IP) CPA was well tolerated and had no significant effect clinically on blood counts or chemistries. By contrast, intravenous KOS was found to be uniformly neurotoxic at 10 5 and fatal at 10 6 pfu, and IC virus was fatal in most mice at 10 4 pfu. Low levels of virus DNA were detected in some organs following intravenous and IC virus injection, but were not significantly altered by CPA. HSV replication was not detected in reactivation studies of isolated organs. Our findings suggest rRp450/CPA is safe and warrants further study as a potential combination in anticancer therapeutics.
Residential Investment and Economic Growth

The causal relationship between growth and fixed capital formation is reexamined. Our findings are in sharp contrast with the earlier findings by Blomstrom et al. (1996) that capital formation does not contribute to economic growth. However, our findings also reject the conventional wisdom represented by De Long and Summers (1991, 1992) that capital formation in the form of business equipment determines the rate of a countryi¯s economic growth. What we have found instead is that capital formation in the residential sector (housing) causes GDP growth, which in turn causes capital formation in the business sector (plant and equipment).
Measured Multi-User MIMO Capacity in Aircraft

The multipath richness typical of aircraft channels represents a potentially well-suited environment for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output technology (MU-MIMO). This paper presents results from measurements of the achievable MU-MIMO data rates in a Rockwell T-39 Sabreliner, using an open-source software-defined radio (SDR) test bed. We also compared the achievable capacity of dirty-paper coding (OPC) against time-division multiple access (TDMA) to illustrate the value of advanced MU-MIMO techniques in aircraft environments. Measured data was then compared against values obtained from a three-dimensional ray-tracing simulation. For transmitters located near the ends of the aircraft, the average error between simulated and measured capacity was on the order of 2% or less. For the more-centralized transmitter location, simulations predicted an average of 6% less capacity than what was actually measured.
Impact of chronic intermittent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on airway pressure generation (P) for cough production in spinal cord injury (SCI)

Background: SCS has been shown to restore an effective cough mechanism in SCI subjects.Following spinal cord injury however, the expiratory muscles may have developed significant atrophy with consequent reductions in their force generating capacity. Objective: To assess expiratory muscle strength following SCI and evaluate the impact of chronic intermittent SCS on P and cough production. Methods: In 10 SCI subjects, single disc electrodes were implanted at the T9, T11 and L1 spinal levels and connected to an implanted radiofrequency receiver. Post-implantation, each subject was instructed to apply stimulation as needed for secretion management. Results: P during spontaneous efforts was 28±5cmH2O. Initial T9, T11, L1 SCS alone resulted in P of 50±8, 52±8 and 48±9cmH2O, respectively. Initial combined stimulation with a 2 lead system resulted in P of 72±9cmH2O. A reconditioning program (40V, 50Hz 0.2ms, 0.6s on) 2-3 times per day for 10min, 7 days/week over a 14-21 week period resulted in substantial increases in P to 80±16, 80±14 and 68±13cmH2O, respectively. With a 2 lead system, P was 112±18cmH2O. P was maintained at the 1, 2 and mean 4.6 year follow-up points. Conclusion: SCS has the potential to reverse expiratory muscle atrophy and improve expiratory muscle strength. SCS may provide a useful method to restore an effective cough mechanism in patients with SCI. Support: NIH: NIH-NINDS (R01NS049516 and RC1NS068576), NCRR (M01RR0080 and UL1RR024989). Disclosure: Dr. DiMarco is a Founder of and has a significant financial interest in Synapse BioMedical, Inc, a manufacturer of diaphragm pacing systems.
Treatment paternalism in chemical dependency counselors.

This study investigated the degree of paternalism in the treatment philosophies of chemical dependency counselors in three categories of treatment center: adolescent-only, adult, and religious/minority. Counselors were shown picture arrays of either adolescent patients or adult patients and asked to choose a preferred treatment policy, either paternalistic or compensatory in nature. Results showed religious/minority counselors preferred a significantly greater paternalistic approach to all patients than did the adolescent-only and adult center counselors. The adolescent-only counselors responded more paternalistically to the adolescent patients than the adult patients, while the adult and religious/minority counselors did not respond significantly different to either group
Factors responsible for successful HLA-DR typing of mononuclear cells from cord blood.

Of 115 cord blood samples tested, both HLA-DR antigens were identified in 79% of fresh samples, 66% of older samples and 55% of freshly frozen samples. Because of weak reactions, one or two questionable antigens were present in 21% of fresh samples as compared to 34% of older samples and 45% of freshly frozen samples. Older samples showed lower cell viability, more extra reactions, and a high frequency of weak reactions. Comparison of cord blood DR antigens with parental DR antigens revealed that antigens were missed or inappropriately assigned in 5 known cases. This was more frequent with older blood samples. The critical factors in successful DR typing of cord blood samples were 1) dilution of cord blood samples with medium, 2) processing of the samples as soon as possible, and 3) overnight incubation to remove adherent cells. We are grateful to Drs. Rose Payne, Angenie-ta Biegel, Helen Bashir, Rene Duquesnoy, Helene Mervart, John Hansen, Paul Reekers, Ieke Schroeder and Paul Terasaki and NIH Serum Bank for their gifts of typing sera; the faculty of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Northwestern University and the Maternity Ward patients who permitted us to collect and use post-pregnancy sera as tissue typing reagents. We also wish to thank Mrs. Donna Wilson for expert assistance in preparing this manuscript.
Microseisms at Scott Base

Summary The seasonal variation of the pack ice surrounding the Antarctic continent has a great effect on the levels of microseismic activity at Scott Base. Microseismic storms are in general of two types, one with periods 1-3.58 the other with periods 4-108. The short-period activity is due to events within the Ross Sea and is at a maximum during January and February when the Ross Sea is clear of ice. The long-period activity has a maximum during March and April and this is thought to be due to swell from peripheral cyclones penetrating the Ross Sea and creating microseisms after passing the continental shelf. It is found that the microseisms of any period (T) have a limiting amplitude (Amax) and that for the short-period microseisms Amax∝T4.2while for the long-period microseisms Amax∝T6.0. The difference between these two relationships can be satisfactorily explained on the basis of frequency selective decay of the waves causing the long-period microseisms as these waves travel from the cyclone area to the continental shelf. The fourth-power relationship between maximum amplitude and period is similar to that obtained for single storms in America by Romney. It is suggested that this relationship might provide a useful test for a quantitative theory of microseisms, such as the standing wave theory, or alternatively that it can be used to investigate transmission and absorption processes in the crust. The data appear to confirm the requirement of sea roughness for the generation of microseisms, the half-period relationship between micro-seism and sea wave periods, and the role of the continental shelf and other crustal features as barriers to microseisms of periods less than 7 1/2 8.
Clinical and organizational factors associated with feeding tube use among nursing home residents with advanced cognitive impairment.

Context Empiric data and expert opinion suggest that use of feeding tubes is not beneficial for older persons with advanced dementia. Previous research has shown a 10-fold variation in this practice across the United States. Objective To identify the facility and resident characteristics associated with feeding tube use among US nursing homes residents with severe cognitive impairment. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study of all residents with advanced cognitive impairment who had Minimum Data Set assessments within 60 days of April 1, 1999, (N = 186 835) and who resided in Medicare- or Medicaid-certified US nursing homes. Main Outcomes Measures Facility and resident characteristics described in the 1999 On-line Survey Certification of Automated Records and the 1999 Minimum Data Set. Multivariate analysis using generalized estimating equations determined the facility and resident factors independently associated with feeding tube use. Results Thirty-four percent of residents with advanced cognitive impairment had feeding tubes (N = 63 101). Resident characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of feeding tube use included younger age, nonwhite race, male sex, divorced marital status, lack of advance directives, a recent decline in functional status, and no diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Controlling for these patient factors, residents living in facilities that were for profit (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.12); located in an urban area (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11-1.16); having more than 100 beds (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07); and lacking a special dementia care unit (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.15) had a higher likelihood of having a feeding tube. Additionally, feeding tube use was more likely among residents living in facilities that had a smaller proportion of residents with do-not-resuscitate orders, had a higher prevalence of nonwhite residents, and lacked a nurse practitioner or physician assistant on staff. Conclusions More than one third of severely cognitively impaired residents in US nursing homes have feeding tubes. Feeding tube use is independently associated with both the residents' clinical characteristics and the nursing homes' fiscal, organizational, and demographic features.
Identification of Floral Visitors of Iris nelsonii

Abstract Floral visitors of the homoploid hybrid species, Iris nelsonii (Abbeville Red Iris), were observed and identified in order to determine whether Abbeville Red Iris flowers are visited by similar floral visitors as its progenitor Iris species. The most common floral visitors to Abbeville Red Iris flowers were Archilochus colubris (Ruby-throated Hummingbird), which were also largely successful in transferring a pollen dye-analogue between Abbeville Red Iris flowers. Other floral visitors included butterflies, wasps, and bee species. The pollinators of the Abbeville Red Iris have not been previously documented. These results suggest that pollinator isolation may be important in preventing hybridization between the Abbeville Red Iris and its geographically closest progenitor species, I. hexagona (Dixie Iris).
Using Impact Modulation to Detect Loose Bolts in a Satellite

Quickly-assembled, on-demand satellites are being developed to meet the needs of responsive space initiatives. The short testing times and rapid assembly procedures associated with these satellites create the need for an efficient method to verify the satellite’s structural integrity. In particular, the ability to identify loose bolts within the satellite structure is of interest. In this work, Impact Modulation is explored as a possible means of detecting loose bolts. A Torque Index metric is developed which was able to identify the presence of loose bolts within a satellite panel without the use of historical data by using a dot product analysis to quantify the difference in response amplitudes at the natural frequencies and those at the sideband frequencies across an array of impact locations.
Linking individual-tree and whole-stand models for forest growth and yield prediction

Background: Different types of growth and yield models provide essential information for making informed decisions on how to manage forests. Whole-stand models often provide well-behaved outputs at the stand level, but lack information on stand structures. Detailed information from individual-tree models and size-class models typically suffers from accumulation of errors. The disaggregation method, in assuming that predictions from a whole-stand model are reliable, partitions these outputs to individual trees. On the other hand, the combination method seeks to improve stand-level predictions from both whole-stand and individual-tree models by combining them. Methods: Data from 100 plots randomly selected from the Southwide Seed Source Study of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used to evaluate the unadjusted individual-tree model against the disaggregation and combination methods. Results: Compared to the whole-stand model, the combination method did not show improvements in predicting stand attributes in this study. The combination method also did not perform as well as the disaggregation method in tree-level predictions. The disaggregation method provided the best predictions of tree- and stand-level survival and growth. Conclusions: The disaggregation approach provides a link between individual-tree models and whole-stand models, and should be considered as a better alternative to the unadjusted tree model.
Robust optimization with incremental recourse.

In this paper, we consider an adaptive approach to address optimization problems with uncertain cost parameters. Here, the decision maker selects an initial decision, observes the realization of the uncertain cost parameters, and then is permitted to modify the initial decision. We treat the uncertainty using the framework of robust optimization in which uncertain parameters lie within a given set. The decision maker optimizes so as to develop the best cost guarantee in terms of the worst-case analysis. The recourse decision is ``incremental"; that is, the decision maker is permitted to change the initial solution by a small fixed amount. We refer to the resulting problem as the robust incremental problem. We study robust incremental variants of several optimization problems. We show that the robust incremental counterpart of a linear program is itself a linear program if the uncertainty set is polyhedral. Hence, it is solvable in polynomial time. We establish the NP-hardness for robust incremental linear programming for the case of a discrete uncertainty set. We show that the robust incremental shortest path problem is NP-complete when costs are chosen from a polyhedral uncertainty set, even in the case that only one new arc may be added to the initial path. We also address the complexity of several special cases of the robust incremental shortest path problem and the robust incremental minimum spanning tree problem.
The Draft Genome Sequence of Nocardioides sp. Strain CF8 Reveals the Scope of Its Metabolic Capabilities.

ABSTRACT Nocardioides sp. strain CF8 was isolated from a soil sample collected at the Hanford Department of Energy site, Richland, WA. The strain was identified in microcosms based on its ability to grow on butane and has been characterized for its potential applications in the biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons. Here, the draft genome sequence is reported.