cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating productivity as a measure of fitness into models of breeding area quality of Arctic peregrine falcons

Using empirical location data from individuals to model habitat quality and species distributions is valuable towards understanding habitat use of wildlife, especially for conservation and management planning. Incorporating measures of reproductive success or survival into these models helps address the role of vital rates (a surrogate of fitness) in affecting a species' distribution. We used 24-year datasets of Arctic peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus tundrius nest-site locations and productivity from the Colville River Special Area, Alaska, USA to model suitability of breeding habitat and the relative quality of used and potential nest sites. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and covariates describing nest-site productivity, area of surrounding prey habitat, geology, topography and land-cover type to model and predict intensity of Arctic peregrine falcon nest-site use along the Colville River, and developed a predictive map of intensity of nest-site use. Regions of higher predicted intensity of use were characterized by steeper slopes, greater area of prey habitat, and higher average productivity, which are likely attributed to minimizing predation risk, gaining advantages for hunting, having sufficient prey resources, site quality, and overall fitness. Including productivity in intensity of nest-site use models improved the models, supporting our supposition that adding a fitness parameter enhanced the predictive capability of the species distribution model. Areas predicted to have higher intensity of use by our model can be used to focus efforts of continued protection of areas with frequently occupied and productive nest sites, and conversely, identify areas where protection of nest sites is likely to have few conservation benefits.
How clients solicit medication changes in psychiatry

In psychiatry, practitioners are encouraged to adopt a patient-centred approach that emphasises shared decision-making. In this article, we investigate how clients with severe mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia) advocate for their treatment preferences in psychiatric consultations. The study uses Conversation Analysis to examine audio-recorded medication check appointments in a comprehensive treatment programme known as assertive community treatment (ACT). The analysis shows that clients solicit medication changes at activity boundaries and design them in one of the following ways: reporting a physical problem; reporting a medication problem; explicitly requesting a medication change; and demanding a change. These formats put pressure on the psychiatrist to respond by either offering a solution to the client's problem or by accepting or rejecting the client's request. Through a detailed analysis of clients' communicative behaviours, we show that, in soliciting a medication change, clients ordinarily respect boundaries of medical authority and present themselves as 'good' patients who are reliable witnesses of their own experiences. Overall, the paper advances our understanding of patient advocacy in psychiatry and mental health interactions more generally.
Optimization of Second Order Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Lithium Niobate Microrings

This work discusses the mode-matching of second order nonlinear frequency conversion in lithium niobate microrings. We propose optimized design and fabrication approaches to overcome current challenges in the field.
Licensed to Drive, but not to Work: The Impact of AB60 on Unauthorized Employment in California

In January 2015, an estimated 2.4 million unauthorized immigrants in California gained access to driver's licenses when Assembly Bill 60 (AB60) was implemented. The paper uses microdata from the American Community Survey from 2010 through 2017 to study this bill's employment effects for unauthorized immigrants. It shows that take-up of the reform was large and reduced the number of unauthorized immigrants without a car by 21 percent. The reform improved work intensity by allowing unauthorized immigrants to work up 65 hours more per year. However, AB60 had no effects on the job search process. It did not affect employment, earnings, or the type of occupation unauthorized immigrants have. The findings imply that driver's licenses alone are insufficient to improve the economic situation of unauthorized immigrants. The lack of work authorization prevents them from enjoying the full benefits of private transportation.
Bis{2,6-bis[( E )-(4-fluorobenzylimino)methyl]pyridine}nickel(II) dinitrate dihydrate

In the title hydrated salt, [Ni(C21H17F2N3)2](NO3)2·2H2O, the central NiII ion is coordinated by six N atoms from two tridentate chelating 2,6-bis­[(E)-(4-fluoro­benzyl­imino)­meth­yl]pyridine ligands. While the central NiII ion is six-coordinate, its environment is distorted from an octa­hedral structure because of the unequal Ni—N distances. The Ni—N bond lengths vary from 1.8642 (14) to 2.2131 (15) A, while the N—Ni—N angles range from 79.98 (6) to 104.44 (6)°. Three coordinating sites of each chelating agent are almost coplanar with respect to the pyridine ring, and two pyridine moieties are perpendicular to each other. Two non-coordinating nitrate anions within the asymmetric unit balance the charges of the central metal ion, and are linked with two crystal water mol­ecules, forming a water–nitrate cyclic tetra­meric unit [O⋯O = 2.813 (2) to 3.062 (2) A]. In an isolated mol­ecule, the fluoro­phenyl rings of one ligand are stacked with the central ring of the other ligand via π–π inter­actions, with the closest centroid-to-plane distances being 3.359 (6), 3.408 (5), 3.757 (6) and 3.659 (5) A.
Rapid pacing and high-frequency jet ventilation additively improve catheter stability during atrial fibrillation ablation.

INTRODUCTION Catheter stability during atrial fibrillation ablation is associated with higher ablation success rates. Rapid cardiac pacing and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) independently improve catheter stability. Simultaneous modulation of cardiac and respiratory motion has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous heart rate and respiratory rate modulation on catheter stability. METHODS Forty patients undergoing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation received ablation lesions at 15 prespecified locations (12 left atria, 3 right atria). Patients were randomly assigned to undergo rapid atrial pacing for either the first or the second half of each lesion. Within each group, half of the patients received HFJV and the other half standard ventilation. Contact force and ablation data for all lesions were compared among the study groups. Standard deviation of contact force was the primary endpoint defined to examine contact force variability. RESULTS Lesions with no pacing and standard ventilation had the greatest contact force standard deviation (5.86 ± 3.08 g), compared to lesions with pacing and standard ventilation (5.45 ± 3.28 g; P < .01) or to lesions with no pacing and HFJV (4.92 ± 3.00 g; P < .01). Lesions with both pacing and HFJV had the greatest reduction in contact force standard deviation (4.35 ± 2.81 g; P < .01), confirming an additive benefit of each maneuver. Pacing and HFJV together was also associated with a reduction in the proportion of lesions with excessive maximum contact force (P < .001). DISCUSSION Rapid pacing and HFJV additively improve catheter stability. Simultaneous pacing with HFJV further improves catheter stability over pacing or HFJV alone to optimize ablation lesions.
Extended graph rotation systems as a model for cyclic weaving on orientable surfaces

We present an extension of the theory of graph rotation systems, which has been a widely used model for graph imbeddings on topological surfaces. The extended model is quite beyond what is needed to specify graph imbeddings on surfaces, and it can be used to represent and generate link structures immersed on surfaces. Since link structures immersed on surfaces can be viewed as woven images in 3D space, the extended graph rotation systems provide a well-formulated mathematical model for developing a topologically robust graphics system with strong interactive operations for the design of woven images in 3D mesh-modeling and computer-aided sculpting.
Alice Cary’s Mundane Musings and Rural Hauntings

In Alice Cary’s Clovernook Sketches (volumes one and two) and in her three ghost stories published for the journal, The Ladies Repository, rural hauntings occur in the most mundane and unexpected situations. Homes are not seen as safe, nature is seen as a dark force, and relationships never thrive. The women need to negotiate the separate spheres between domestic and public, while the men are burdened by the world of commerce in the rural landscapes and in the encroaching cityscape, and the children cannot find solace at home, at work, or at play. There is no nostalgia for the past. Many chapters end with the death and burial of a protagonist and with the ghost of the departed returning in a truly grotesque manner.
The Value of Autonomous Vehicles for Last-Mile Deliveries in Urban Environments

We demonstrate that autonomous-assisted delivery can yield significant improvements relative to today’s system in which a delivery person must park the vehicle before delivering packages. We model ...
Intraindustry Effects of Bank Stock Repurchases

Bank stock repurchases have become increasingly popular over time. Because of the unique capital requirements and regulatory constraints on the use of bank funds, the intraindustry effects of bank stock repurchases may differ from intraindustry effects of stock repurchases by other firms. We find that bank stock repurchases result in a positive and significant valuation effect for the repurchasing banks. Moreover, we find positive significant intraindustry effects of bank stock repurchases, unlike previous research by Hertzel on firms from numerous industries that found no evidence of intraindustry effects in response to stock repurchases. We attribute the difference in results to the unique characteristics of the banking industry, which results in a less ambiguous signal emitted from the stock repurchase announcement. In addition, we find that the intraindustry effects are more favorable when the valuation effect for the repurchasing bank is more favorable. This implies that the degree of signal to the industry is conditioned on the degree of signal about the bank that is repurchasing its shares. Furthermore, intraindustry effects are more favorable when the capital position of rival banks is high, when the proportion of residential loans of rival banks is low, and when the announcing bank is a money center bank.
All-graphene terahertz analog nanodevices and nanocircuits

In this talk, we present the concept of terahertz (THz) nanocircuit devices realized with multiple-terminal, integrally-gated graphene plasmonic channels. To develop an all-graphene THz transmitter front-end, we propose the design of its key constituting components in grapheme, including graphene-based interconnects, oscillators, multipliers, phase shifters, filters, matching networks and on-chip antennas, of which high degree of tunability and switchability are enabled by the electronic doping of graphene monolayer. This all-graphene THz circuit module presents a fundamental step towards post-silicon solutions for innovative THz communication, sensing and actuation systems.
Evolution of cranial development and the role of neural crest: insights from amphibians

Contemporary studies of vertebrate cranial development document the essential role played by the embryonic neural crest as both a source of adult tissues and a locus of cranial form and patterning. Yet corresponding and basic features of cranial evolution, such as the extent of conservation vs. variation among species in the contribution of the neural crest to specific structures, remain to be adequately resolved. Investigation of these features requires comparable data from species that are both phylogenetically appropriate and taxonomically diverse. One key group are amphibians, which are uniquely able to inform our understanding of the ancestral patterns of ontogeny in fishes and tetrapods as well as the evolution of presumably derived patterns reported for amniotes. Recent data support the hypothesis that a prominent contribution of the neural crest to cranial skeletal and muscular connective tissues is a fundamental property that evolved early in vertebrate history and is retained in living forms. The contribution of the neural crest to skull bones appears to be more evolutionarily labile than that of cartilages, although significance of the limited comparative data is difficult to establish at present. Results underline the importance of accurate and reliable homology assessments for evaluating the contrasting patterns of derivation reported for the three principal tetrapod models: mouse, chicken and frog.
Expression and function of BK and Kv1.5 channels in aortic smooth muscle from lean and obese Zucker rats (1077.5)

We tested the hypothesis that metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced expression and function of K+ channels in smooth muscle. Aortic smooth muscle from male lean and obese Zucker rats was used as a model. Whole-cell patch clamp experiments indicated that Ca2+-activated (BK) and voltage-dependent (KV) K+ currents dominated membrane conductance. Penitrem A (1 uM) and DPO-1 (10 uM), selective antagonists of BK and KV1.5 channels were used to determine the expression of these channels. In lean rats, penitrem A inhibited 37 ± 6% of current at +100 mV, whereas subsequent addition of DPO-1 inhibited 74 ± 4% of the remaining current. In obese rats, penitrem A inhibited 19 ± 6% of current at +100 mV, whereas subsequent addition of DPO-1 inhibited 78 ± 3% of the remaining current. The penitrem A-sensitive BK current was 2.7 ± 0.7 fold greater in lean rats. In contrast, and surprisingly, the DPO-1-sensitive KV1.5 current was 1.5 ± 0.2 fold greater in obese rats. Western blots supported the patch clamp studies...
Self-management of hypertension using technology enabled interventions in primary care settings

Background Self-management of hypertension by controlling Blood Pressure (BP) through technology-based interventions can effectively reduce the burden of high BP, which affects one out of every three adults in the United States. Objective The primary aim of this study is to explore the role of technology enabled interventions to improve or enhance self-management among individuals with hypertension. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature published between July 2008 and June 2013 on the MEDLINE database (via PubMed interface) during July 2013. The search words were "hypertension" and "primary care" in combination with each of the terms of "technology", "internet", "computer" and "cell phone". Our inclusion criteria consisted of: (a) Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) (b) conducted on human subjects; (c) technology-based interventions (d) to improve self-management (e) of hypertension and if the (f) final results of the study were published in the study. Our exclusion criteria included (a) management of other conditions and (b) literature reviews. Results The initial search resulted in 108 results. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 12 studies were analyzed. Various technologies implemented in the studies included internet-based telemonitoring and education, telephone-based telemonitoring and education, internet-based education, telemedicine via videoconferencing, telehealth kiosks and automated modem device. Some studies also involved a physician intervention, in addition to patient intervention. The outcomes of proportion of subjects with BP control and change in mean SBP and DBP were better for the group of subjects who received combined physician and patient interventions. Conclusion Interventions to improve BP control for self-management of hypertension should be aimed at both physicians as well as the patients. More interventions should utilize the JNC-7 guidelines and cost-effectiveness of the intervention should also be assessed.
There's Still Hope: Life after Giles V. California

In this comment, Professor Hanna explains why she believes Professor Lininger's article is so important: it develops a test for getting around the problem created by the Supreme Court for the prosecution of domestic violence murders. The problem created in Giles is that prosecutors are required to prove that the defendant had the specific intent to silence his victim when he killed her, before allowing forfeiture of confrontation rights. However, Professor Lininger's article grabs onto language in the majority and concurring opinions suggesting that lower courts are permitted to infer that intent, and develops three per se rules for when it is appropriate. She believes that since this test focuses on the broader context of domestic violence, as opposed to focusing on just the moment the murder occurred, it should help prosecutions of domestic abusers. She also focuses on the question of whether advocates for the victims of domestic abuse should emphasize the gender bias in these crimes, showing how the law treats women unfairly in this context, or whether they should de-emphasize it in order to win over the likes of Justice Scalia. After discussing the issue, she concludes that trying to win over Justice Scalia is pointless because he is too committed to originalism in the Confrontation Clause context to be affected either way by the disparate impact this has on women.
AFRICAN AMERICANS AND GRADUATE SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: A STUDY OF CAREER CHOICE INFLUENCES AND STRATEGIES TO REVERSE ENROLLMENT DECLINE

This article reports on a study of career influences for a sample of African-American and other black graduates of MSW programs. The study isolated significant relationships between enrollment influences and selected demographic and career-related variables. ”Very important“ influences were career advancement, acquisition of new skills, professional status and credibility, and understanding professionalism in social work. Desire for professional development in social work was the dominant influence. Findings suggest that recruitment of African-American/black graduate social work students should incorporate strategies that address issues of job satisfaction, and recognize career priorities and professional aspirations. Implications for graduate social work education are discussed.
Diet and medical therapy in the optimal management of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common medical complication of pregnancy is increasing in prevalence among all populations in parallel with the global increase in obesity and type-2 diabetes
Informational energy kernel for LVQ

We describe a kernel method which uses the maximization of Onicescu's informational energy as a criteria for computing the relevances of input features. This adaptive relevance determination is used in combination with the neural-gas and the generalized relevance LVQ algorithms. Our quadratic optimization function, as an L2 type method, leads to linear gradient and thus easier computation. We obtain an approximation formula similar to the mutual information based method, but in a more simple way.
Attitudes Toward Tax Evasion: A Demographic Study of the Netherlands

A number of studies have examined the relationship between tax collection and various demographic variables. However, until recently most of those studies have involved a United States sample population. The Internal Revenue Service provides demographic data for researchers on a regular basis. The present study goes beyond those studies in several important ways. For one, it uses data on the Netherlands taken from the World Values database. Not much work has been done on the Netherlands tax or public finance system. Thus, the present study expands on the very limited research done on the Netherlands public finance. The present study expands on existing literature in at least two other ways as well. For one, it examines how various demographics interact with attitudes toward tax evasion. Secondly, we examine several demographic variables that were not examined in prior studies. One of the questions in the World Values database asked whether it would be justifiable to cheat on taxes if it were possible to do so. Respondents were asked to choose a number from 1 to 10 to indicate the extent of their support for tax evasion. This study examines those responses, both overall and through the prism of more than 20 demographic variables. A trend analysis is also done to determine whether Netherlands attitudes regarding tax evasion have changed in recent years. A comparison is made with other ethical issues to determine the relative seriousness of tax evasion. The study found that attitudes toward the justifiability of tax evasion often do vary by demographic variable. Tax evasion was found to be a less serious offense than wife beating, claiming government benefits to which you are not entitled and avoiding a fare on public transport and more serious than suicide, abortion, prostitution, euthanasia, divorce or homosexuality. The trend of opinion on the justifiability of tax evasion has been on a linear path since the first survey was conducted in 1981. Since then, tax evasion has been viewed as an increasingly serious offense over time. Although the present study focuses on the Netherlands, the methodology used in the present study could serve as a template for research on other countries or regions. A bibliography of further reading is also included, along with links to more than 80 other tax evasion studies.
Imipramine and Sexual Dysfunction during the Long-term Treatment of Recurrent Depression

Ninety patients in the maintenance therapy phase of the Pittsburgh Study of Maintenance Therapies in Recurrent Depression (Frank et al., 1990) were studied to determine possible relationships between the type of therapy (imipramine versus no drug) and the level of sexual functioning. The level of sexual functioning was determined by a composite subscale score of the Social Adjustment Scale which assessed (1) current level of enjoyment and interest in sex; (2) change in interest; (3) current frequency of sexual intercourse; (4) change in frequency; and (5) pain and/or difficulty reaching orgasm. Loss of libido was assessed by both the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the SCL-90. Logistic regression analysis revealed no relationship between treatment with active imipramine and sexual functioning for the total group, or for females alone. Analysis of males alone revealed a decreased interest in sex among those treated with imipramine, but no significant differences in frequency or problems. The implications for maintenance pharmacotherapy and the cost/benefit ratio of unacceptable side effects versus drug efficacy are discussed.
Mössbauer diffraction experiments with LiF: A new technique for calibration

Abstract Mossbauer diffraction measurements of the LiF (200) Bragg peak indicate that the inelastic scattering is about 3% of the total intensity for nearly perfect crystals and only 0.5% for highly imperfect crystals. Based on the high elastic fraction observed, a new method for calibrating Mossbauer diffraction experiments is proposed.
Cancellation of responding ALS units by BLS providers: a national survey.

Objective. In many emergency medical services (EMS) systems, personnel without advanced life support (ALS) training are authorized to cancel responding ALS units before the ALS personnel arrive and examine the patient. This study was conducted to examine these cancellations in major U.S. cities. Methods. A survey was mailed to the physician medical directors of the EMS services of the 125 largest U.S. cities, with telephone follow-up of nonresponders. The survey requested information on system structure, and on policies governing cancellation of responding ALS units by non-ALS personnel. Results. Ninety-four cities responded (75%), from 35 states. Nineteen systems (20%) are all-ALS with no basic life support (BLS) tier, and these were eliminated. Of the remaining 75 systems, eight (11%) use BLS ambulances (BLS-A), 35 (47%) use BLS first responders (BLS-FR), and 32 (43%) use both. Of these 75 systems, 60 (80%) allow cancellation of responding ALS units by BLS personnel. Only 24 of these (40%) have written ...
Water droplet growth measurements in a continuous flow parallel plate thermal diffusion cloud chamber

Abstract A continuous flow thermal diffusion cloud chamber has been used to make real-time measurements of water droplet growth on a natural aerosol. Droplet size distributions were monitored with an optical particle detector. Droplet trajectories through the chamber were calculated in order to account for variations in the environmental conditions experienced by the growing droplets. The Fukuta—Walter droplet growth model has been used to predict droplet sizes along these trajectories. The results of the measurements and the predictions are compared and found to agree reasonably well using the commonly accepted values of 0.036 for the condensation coefficient and 1.00 for the thermal accommodation coefficient.
Diurnal Variability of Auditory Threshold

The absolute threshold for hearing was measured at 7 a.m., noon, 5 p.m., and midnight for 4 days on 6 listeners. No diurnal periodicity appeared, indicating that time of day per se does not constitute a significant source of variance in studies using absolute sensitivity as the dependent variable.
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Genitourinary Tract Disorders in the Older Individual

Genitourinary problems, including neurogenic dysfunction, impotence, prostatism, urinary tract infections, and prostate cancer, are common in the elderly, and most of the symptoms can be alleviated through pharmacological management. Patients with neurogenic dysfunction who present with symptoms such as incontinence and urinary retention can be appropriately managed with bladder and sphincter relaxants or stimulants. Anticholinergic agents in the form of oxybutynin, flavoxate, and propantheline are effective bladder relaxants, and phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, and terazosin are commonly used as sphincter relaxants. Bethanechol chloride is the agent most commonly used to stimulate bladder contraction, but physicians should be careful when prescribing it for elderly patients with cardiovascular problems. Organic and psychogenic causes of impotence usually overlap, and oral agents have limited use in the treatment process. The use of yohimbine has increased recently, but its value and rate of success remains questionable. Testosterone is being used widely to treat impotence, but it is only helpful to patients with hypogonadism and should be used with discretion in the elderly, who have a high incidence of prostate cancer. Vasoactive intracavernous pharmacotherapy, on the other hand, is a recently discovered alternative to testosterone with promising results. Although the treatment of choice for benign prostatic hypertrophy is surgery, there have been important pharmacological advances in treating this disorder. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists and anti-androgenic agents have been found to relieve the symptoms of prostatic enlargement. The use of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents to treat and suppress acute and chronic urinary tract infections is reviewed; these are second only to pulmonary infections as the most frequent cause of febrile episodes in patients over the age of 65. Lower urinary tract infections can be treated with almost any antibacterial agent. Upper urinary tract infections require full genitourinary evaluation and appropriate antibiotics should be used according to the urine culture sensitivity studies. With the advent of new hormonal agents, more choices are now available for the management of prostate cancer, which is the second most common malignancy in men. Diethylstilbestrol (stilboestrol), an oral estrogen, remains a commonly used agent to achieve castrate levels of androgens in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Agonist analogues, such as goserelin and leuprorelin, of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) [luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH); or gonadorelin] achieve the same results as diethylstilbestrol but without the cardiovascular side effects. Antiandrogens are also being used in combination with GnRH agonists to produce complete androgen blockage, with mixed results.
Scan Linearization for Resonant Optomechanical Systems

Optomechanical characteristics of spiral scanning, Lissajous, and mixed resonant beam scanning systems are reviewed. An optical design for a scan lens that linearizes a fixed amplitude resonant beam scan is presented.
CRF1-R Activation of the Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid System in the Mouse Basolateral Amygdala Mediates Anxiety-Like Behavior

Stress is a complex human experience and having both rewarding and aversive motivational properties. The adverse effects of stress are well documented, yet many of underlying mechanisms remain unclear and controversial. Here we report that the anxiogenic properties of stress are encoded by the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin acting in the basolateral amygdala. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we found that the anxiogenic-like effects of Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) were triggered by CRF1-R activation of the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system. Central CRF administration significantly reduced the percent open-arm time in the elevated plus maze (EPM). The reduction in open-arm time was blocked by pretreatment with the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI), and was not evident in mice lacking the endogenous KOR ligand dynorphin. The CRF1-R agonist stressin 1 also significantly reduced open-arm time in the EPM, and this decrease was blocked by norBNI. In contrast, the selective CRF2-R agonist urocortin III did not affect open arm time, and mice lacking CRF2-R still showed an increase in anxiety-like behavior in response to CRF injection. However, CRF2-R knockout animals did not develop CRF conditioned place aversion, suggesting that CRF1-R activation may mediate anxiety and CRF2-R may encode aversion. Using a phosphoselective antibody (KORp) to identify sites of dynorphin action, we found that CRF increased KORp-immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of wildtype, but not in mice pretreated with the selective CRF1-R antagonist, antalarmin. Consistent with the concept that acute stress or CRF injection-induced anxiety was mediated by dynorphin release in the BLA, local injection of norBNI blocked the stress or CRF-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior; whereas norBNI injection in a nearby thalamic nucleus did not. The intersection of stress-induced CRF and the dynorphin/KOR system in the BLA was surprising, and these results suggest that CRF and dynorphin/KOR systems may coordinate stress-induced anxiety behaviors and aversive behaviors via different mechanisms.
Introduction: Women, Health, and Healing in Early Modern Europe

Women played substantial roles in health and healing in medieval and early-modern Europe. They have been undercounted in studies that rely upon occupational labels, but when we look at caregiving and bodywork, we can see women providing a broad range of services. Although women often healed in domestic settings, neither female patients nor practitioners should be considered in isolation from larger market forces that shaped men's healing work.
Making housing first happen: organizational leadership in VA's expansion of permanent supportive housing.

BACKGROUND While most organizational literature has focused on initiatives that transpire inside the hospital walls, the redesign of American health care increasingly asks that health care institutions address matters outside their walls, targeting the health of populations. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)’s national effort to end Veteran homelessness represents an externally focused organizational endeavor.
Current Clinical Trials in Dry AMD and the Definition of Appropriate Clinical Outcome Measures

Currently, there is no proven drug treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Several different treatment strategies are being investigated, including complement inhibition, neuroprotection, and visual cycle inhibitors, and novel clinical trial endpoints are being explored. Studies have identified genetic predispositions for dry AMD associated with complement dysfunction. Consequently, complement-based therapeutic treatment modalities are promising.
Longitudinal variation and habitat associations of small fishes in the Bighorn River, Wyoming: influences of river regulation and introduced fishes

We assessed variation in longitudinal distributions of native and introduced fishes and their occurrences in different habitat types downstream from Boysen Dam in the Bighorn River, Wyoming. The closure of Boysen Dam in 1952 and construction of three downstream water diversion dams have led to channel changes in the Bighorn River causing reductions in the numbers and areas of side channels, backwaters, and riffles. Eleven native and five introduced fish species were collected by seining during 2005. Fish samples were dominated by sand shiner (Notropis stramineus), flathead chub (Platygobio gracilis), and longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus). Introduced fish species included common carp (Cyprinus carpio), emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides), plains killifish (Fundulus flavis), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and sand shiner. Differences in relative abundances of fishes among habitat types were observed. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), longnose sucker, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), plai...
Multicomponent Electrodes for Water Oxidation: From Combinatorial to Individual Electrode Study

Combinatorial screening of platinum group metal (PGM) microelectrodes supported on graphite paper was carried out in a search for useful electrodes for water oxidation. This screening utilized a fl...
How to do meaningful work in Women's Studies

(1989). How to do meaningful work in Women's Studies. Women's Studies: Vol. 17, Across Cultures: The Spectrum of Women's Lives, pp. 5-16.
Construction and use of SPP1v, a viral cloning vector for Bacillus subtilis

A unique BamHI restriction site has been inserted into a nonessential region of the genome of a deletion mutant of phage SPP1. Construction of this phage, designated SPP1 v, required the in vitro conversion of a BclI site to a BamHI site. SPP1 v has been used as a vector phage to clone BamHI, BglII and BclI-generated restriction fragments of DNA. A direct selection for recombinants has been developed. Transfection with SPP1 v requires intact, genomic-length molecules, and cleavage with BamHI destroys the transfecting ability of this DNA. Recombinants in which the BamHI site has been destroyed by ligation to Bg/II or BclI-generated fragments of DNA become resistant to BamHI digestion after ligation and are active in transfection. Cloning of DNA containing BamHI sites has been accomplished by using the enzyme Bst1503I to methylate BamHI sites before insertion, and so to protect them during the BamHI digestion used to select against vector molecules. The in vitro construction of SPP1 v generated XmaIII sites directly adjacent to, and on both sides of the inserted BamHI site. This permits precise excision of cloned DNA even when cloning destroys the BamHI insertion site. Restriction-enzyme generated fragments of DNA in the size range of 0 to 4 Md have been cloned, including a full-length copy of plasmid pUB110, almost the complete sequence of plasmid pBR322, and a sequence of DNA that carried the lambda cos site.
The Home Advantage

This investigation confirms the existence of a home advantage in organized sports; however, it refines and extends that knowledge in a number of ways. The home advantage is most pronounced in the indoor sports of ice hockey and basketball; least so, in the outdoor sports of baseball and football. More effective offensive rather than defensive action is the major factor in the home advantage among all sports. Playing at home or away from home is as strong a correlate of a team's performance as is the average quality of its players. Finally, inferences from the data, as well as more direct observations on audience size and its relationship to performance and outcome, justify the conclusion that the home advantage is almost totally independent of visitor fatigue and lack of familiarity with the home playing area; it is mainly attributable to the social support of the home audience. This study relates to a perspective on group support whose origin is embodied in the work of Emile Durkheim. While Durkheim is best known for his stress on the inhibiting and restraining character of the moral community, he also finds within it the ultimate source of human energy and inspiration. This side of his thought is particularly evident in remarks concerning the stimulating effects of social congregation (240): There are occasions when the strengthening and vivifying action of society is especially apparent. In the midst of an assembly animated by a common passion, we become susceptible of acts and sentiments of which we are incapable when reduced to our own forces; and when the assembly is dissolved and when, finding ourselves alone again, we fall back to our ordinary level, we are then able to measure the height to which we have been raised above ourselves (b, 240). For Durkheim, then, the very conditions which regulate man's passions and conduct are those which inspire and propel him to the most extraordinary levels of achievement. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine why, and to what extent, this is so. We will approach this problem by considering the effect of community support on the performance of local athletic teams. We also propose to determine the sources of this support and to gauge its influence on performance in relation to the effects of other determinants. To do this, we examine a phenomenon that is well-recognized but about which little is really known, namely, the home advantage in organized sports. By studying a phenomenon within the sphere of sport, we learn something about determining elements in the fate of those engaged in more serious undertakings. Although we cannot demonstrate the truth of this assertion, there seems to *The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Charles Bosk, Paul Collard, Robert Greene, and Russell White. We also profited from comments by William Parish and Dean MacCannell.
A combined double-tweezers and wavelength-tunable laser nanosurgery microscope

In two previous studies we have conducted combined laser subcellular microsurgery and optical trapping on chromosomes in living cells 1, 2 . In the latter study we used two separate microscopes, one for the trap and one for the laser scissors, thus requiring that we move the cell specimen between microscopes and relocate the irradiated cells. In the former paper we combined the 1064 nm laser trap and the 532 nm laser scissors into one microscope. However, in neither study did we have multiple traps allowing for more flexibility in application of the trapping force. In the present paper we describe a combined laser scissors and tweezers microscope that (1) has two trapping beams (both moveable via rapid scanning mirrors (FSM- 300, Newport Corp.), (2) uses a short pulsed tunable 200 fs 710-990 nm Ti:Sapphire laser for laser microsurgery, and (3) also has the option to use a 337 nm 4 ns UV laser for subcellular surgery. The two laser tweezers and either of the laser ablation beams can be used in a cell surgery experiment. The system is integrated into the robotic-controlled RoboLase system 3 . Experiments on mitotic chromosomes of rat kangaroo PTK2 cells are described.
In-situ temperature measurement in lithium ion battery by transferable flexible thin film thermocouples

Abstract Temperature monitoring is important for improving the safety and performance of Lithium Ion Batteries (LIB). This paper presents the feasibility study to insert flexible polymer embedded thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) in a lithium ion battery pouch cell for in-situ temperature monitoring. A technique to fabricate polyimide embedded TFTC sensors on glass substrates and later transfer it onto thin copper foils is presented. The sensor transfer process can be easily integrated into the assembly process of a pouch cell, thus holding promise in implementing in Battery Management Systems (BMS). Internal temperature of the LIB pouch cell was measured in-situ when the sensor embedded battery was operated at high rate charge–discharge cycles. The polyimide embedded TFTCs survived the battery assembly process and the battery electrolyte environment. It is observed that the heat generation inside the battery is dominant during the high-rate of discharges. The developed technique can serve to improve the battery safety and performance when implemented in battery management systems and enhance the understanding of heat generation and its effects.
The open research system: a web-based metadata and data repository for collaborative research

Beginning in 1999, a web-based metadata and data repository we call the ''open research system'' (ORS) was designed and built to assist geographically distributed scientific research teams. The purpose of this innovation was to promote the open sharing of data within and across organizational lines and across geographic distances. As the use of the system continued, end users and group administrators requested the development of a second, Intranet-based system with similar functionality. After three years of operation, a survey was conducted of users of the system to understand why some users and research groups appeared to utilize the two systems more than others. From this research we found that some barriers to use include: (1) mismatch of system functionality to user or group needs; (2) willingness to share with an internal group by Intranet but not with the world by Internet; and (3) resistance to entering metadata because of workplace habits. This experience has also taught us that with respect to web-based metadata and data repositories there is a difference between long-term and short-term research projects in their need to establish good metadata and data storage procedures. Moreover, some time is required for researchers to change from short-term to long-term project thinking. It is also important for organizations or managers of such research groups to reflect on established incentives and penalties that either encourage or discourage appropriate use of metadata in filing procedures. We conclude with a discussion of possible improvements that will be made to the system in the coming years, with an emphasis on the emerging phenomenon of ''open content'' (OC) collaboration that is being modeled after Internet-based collaboration in ''open source'' (OS) programming. This development will require online systems like ORS, and the OS/OC approach has the potential to evolve into no less than a new paradigm for how cross-organizational (in fact, global) scientific research collaborations are undertaken in the future.
Reduced-size multilayer X-band filters with stacked resonators on a flexible organic substrate

This work presents the design of two four-pole, quasi-elliptic microwave bandpass filters with stacked open-loop resonators on an emerging low-loss organic dielectric material. Both filters are based on a multilayer microstrip structure that uses low-cost and flexible liquid crystal polymer substrates to produce a compact size. The first filter, which has a bandwidth of 17% at 9.3 GHz, was designed to control the high coupling strength between overlapped resonators without sacrificing its compact size. It has a measured 1.7 dB of insertion loss. The second filter uses the same topology, but its measured parameters include a bandwidth of 9% at 10.5 GHz and an insertion loss of 4.5 dB. To achieve the 9% bandwidth, two metallic patches were added between layers to limit the higher coupling between the overlapped resonators. Both bandpass filters have a footprint area reduction of at least 25% when compared to an equivalent single-layer, open-loop resonator filter.
Diverging stereochemical pathways in an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction determined by dienophile structure.

Intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition of tolylsulfonyl alkynone 5a and vinyl ketone 19 led to single isomers with opposite diastereoselectivity. Decalin 20 incorporates the correct C(9)−C(11) stereochemical array for a projected synthesis of HMP-Y1 (1).
Characterization of an ultraviolet photoreception mechanism in the retina of an amphibian, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Spectral sensitivity measurements from the retina of the Mexican salamander Ambystoma mexicanum (the 'axolotl') were used to provide evidence for and to characterize an amphibian ultraviolet-sensitive photoreception mechanism. Electroretinograms (transretinal voltage responses) were recorded from open eye cup preparations to analyze the spectral sensitivity of the retina. Both dark-adapted and white light-adapted preparations exhibited a peak in sensitivity between 360-370 nm. Under selective chromatic adaptation with long-wavelength light the eye cups continued to exhibit a peak sensitivity around 360 nm. These data confirm the presence of ultraviolet-sensitive cones in the retina of Ambystoma salamanders. The possible relevance of these results to the development and behavior of this group of salamanders is briefly discussed.
The distribution of interstellar dust in the solar neighborhood

We surveyed the IRAS data base at the positions of the 1808 O6-B9.5 stars in The Bright Star Catalog for extended objects with excess emission at 60 microns, indicating the presence of interstellar dust at the location of the star. Within 400 pc the filling factor of the interstellar medium, for dust clouds with a density greater than 0.5/cu cm is 14.6 + or - 2.4%. Above a density of 1.0/cu cm, the density distribution function appears to follow a power law index - 1.25. When the dust clouds are mapped onto the galactic plane, the sun appears to be located in a low-density region of the interstellar medium of width about 60 pc extending at least 500 pc in the direction of longitudes 80 deg - 260 deg, a feature we call the 'local trough'.
Time and Frequency Characteristics of Purkinje Cell Complex Spikes in the Awake Monkey Performing a Nonperiodic Task

A number of studies have been interpreted to support the view that the inferior olive climbing fibers send periodic signals to the cerebellum to time and pace behavior. In a direct test of this hypothesis in macaques performing nonperiodic tasks, we analyzed continuous recordings of complex spikes from the lateral cerebellar hemisphere. We found no periodicity outside of a 100-ms relative refractory period.
Novel separation of the differing forms of unburned carbon present in fly ash using density gradient centrifugation

Although the increasing amount of unburned carbon in fly ash is known to impede the efficient use of ash in the cement industry, very little is known about the characteristics of the unburned carbon. Three different types of carbon particles have been identified microscopically: inertinite, isotropic coke, and anisotropic coke, with little information on their relative properties. This work presents the first isolation of these three types of carbon. Two fly ashes, identified as Dale and WEPCO, obtained from different power plants, were examined in this study. The methodology used includes a preliminary triboelectrostatic enrichment, followed by density gradient centrifugation (DGC) with a high-density lithium polytungstate media (2.85 g cm-3 max). One of the parent fly ash samples, Dale, was also demineralized, then separated in a similar manner without the preliminary triboelectrostatic carbon-enrichment step. For the three separations, maximum purities ranged from 77 to 85 vol % for inertinite, 63−79 ...