cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Hospitalizations for Pediatric Concussion and Trends in Care.

BACKGROUND Children hospitalized for concussion may be at a higher risk for persistent symptoms, but little is known about this subset of children. OBJECTIVE Delineate a cohort of children admitted for concussion, describe care practices received, examine factors associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) or emergency department (ED) readmission, and investigate changes in care over time. DESIGN, SETTING Retrospective analysis of data submitted by 40 pediatric hospitals to the Pediatric Health Information System. PATIENTS Children 0 to 17 years old admitted with a primary diagnosis of concussion from 2007 to 2014. MEASUREMENTS Descriptive statistics characterized this cohort and care practices delivered, logistic regression identified factors associated with a LOS of =2 days and ED readmission, and trend analyses assessed changes in care over time. RESULTS Of the 10,729 children admitted for concussion, 68.7% received intravenous pain or antiemetic medications. Female sex, adolescent age, and having government insurance were all associated (P = .02) with increased odds of LOS = 2 days and ED revisit. Proportions of children receiving intravenous ondansetron (slope = 1.56, P = .001) and ketorolac (slope = 0.61, P < .001) increased over time, and use of neuroimaging (slope = -1.75, P < .001) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Although concussions are usually selflimited, hospitalized children often receive intravenous therapies despite an unclear benefit. Factors associated with prolonged LOS and ED revisit were similar to predictors of postconcussive syndrome. Since there has been an increased use of specific therapeutics, prospective evaluation of their relationship with concussion recovery could lay the groundwork for evidenced-based admission criteria and optimize recovery.
Tracking Peer Professionalism Measures in Preclinical Medical Students

Professionalism is a key competency in first year medical gross anatomy instruction, yet there is a paucity of longitudinal studies addressing professionalism attributes into year 2. This study longitudinally compared 160 preclinical medical students’ peer professionalism evaluations in two small group settings (year 1 anatomy lab and year 2 team-based learning (TBL) sessions) for 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Students were evaluated by their small group peers on a scale (0–3) on five professionalism domains (teamwork, honor/integrity, caring/compassion/communication, respect, responsibility/accountability) at mid-term and end of semester in years 1 and 2. Statistical comparisons were made between the formative (mid-gross) and summative (post-gross) anatomy ratings and between the summative anatomy (post-gross) and mid-term TBL (mid-iTBL) ratings. Anatomy professionalism evaluations showed a significant increase from an average ranking of 2.49 at mid-term to 2.6 at the end of the semester, with increases in teamwork, honor/integrity, caring/compassion/communication, and respect. Summative anatomy evaluations (post-gross) were compared to mid-term second year TBL (mid-iTBL), showing significant increases in peer professionalism rankings with improvements in teamwork, honor/integrity, responsibility/accountability, and respect. Significant improvements in peer evaluated professionalism were observed in multiple domains over time in the anatomy lab, with the exception of responsibility and accountability. These gains were maintained into year 2 TBL evaluations, with the exception of caring, compassion, and communication, suggesting that graded peer evaluation may improve professionalism behavior in small group settings.
The scotopic electroretinogram of macaque after retinal ganglion cell loss from experimental glaucoma.

PURPOSE This study describes the dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs) of macaque monkeys with severe visual field defects and substantial retinal ganglion cell loss as a consequence of long-standing ocular hypertension. METHODS Monocular experimental glaucoma was produced by argon laser trabeculoplasty, and visual fields were assessed with behavioral static perimetry. Electroretinographic responses to brief ganzfeld flashes under fully dark-adapted conditions were recorded using DTL fiber electrodes in anesthetized animals. The authors quantified retinal layer thickness and cell loss in 1-micron radial sections and inspected optic nervous under the light microscope. RESULTS At the lowest intensities, a sensitive negative component of the scotopic ERG, which normally peaks approximately 200 msec after stimulus onset, was present in the control eyes but was reduced greatly or was virtually absent in the experimental eyes of monkeys with severe visual field loss. A previously unreported sensitive positive component of the scotopic ERG remained in both eyes. In the control eyes, the positive component gave rise to a sharp peak approximately 120 msec after stimulus onset, but in the experimental eyes, because of the absence of the more delayed sensitive negative potential, it was sustained, lasting as long as 700 msec. Scotopic a- and b-waves and oscillatory potentials in the experimental eyes were not consistently different from control eyes. Ganglion cell and optic nerve loss in the experimental eyes was substantial, and there was little other obvious retinal damage. CONCLUSIONS A sensitive negative component is reduced or absent from the dark-adapted ERGs of macaque monkeys with severe visual field defects and substantial retinal ganglion cell loss as a consequence of long-standing ocular hypertension.
The Author’s Premises

Attempts to write about the theory and treatment of any emotional dysfunction necessitate the author’s introduction of his and the patient’s beliefs. Rather than having these premises appear in the text, it is best to enumerate them at the outset so that the reader can weigh their influence upon a particular issue.
Weight Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Multidisciplinary Real-world Approach

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely linked metabolic diseases. Most individuals with T2D are overweight or obese, which raises their cardiovascular risk. The etiology of both diseases is multifaceted, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach to control them. This review describes the most effective multidisciplinary approach to weight management in patients with T2D in real-world clinical practice. Weight management programs in real-world clinical settings lead to long-term weight loss for up to 5 years. Multidisciplinary approach to manage obesity and T2D through weight reduction is feasible in real-world clinical practice and is recommended as part of the treatment plan for patients with T2D who are overweight or obese. Recent data demonstrates that multidisciplinary approach to weight management in patients with T2D results in long-term weight loss and is associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors.
DOUBLE-CHAMBERED RIGHT VENTRICLE (DCRV): DIAGNOSING A RARE CASE WITH APPROPRIATE TESTING

Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a rare congenital heart disease (CHD), characterized by an abnormal muscular band in right ventricle (RV) and is associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary atresia, sub-aortic stenosis and patent ductal arteriosus (PDA). 45 year old male
Psychometric Evaluation of the Toileting Behaviors: Women's Elimination Behaviors Scale in a Sample of College Women.

BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms in women including urinary incontinence and overactive bladder are common women’s health conditions with negative financial, health, and quality of life consequences. Certain behaviors are associated with symptom presentation. Identifying and modifying these be
The classical umbral calculus and the flow of a Drinfeld module

The notion of a flow appears in many areas of mathematics and physics; for example, it is one of the fundamental notions in studying ordinary differential equations. Classically a flow on a set X is a group action of the additive group of the set of real numbers R on the set X . One of the classical theorems in analysis, the classical Taylor theorem, can be expressed in terms of a flow. More precisely, let d/dt be the formal derivative acting on the polynomial ring R[t]. For each x ∈ R, let e : R[t] → R[t] be the linear operator defined by
Biology of Infection and Disease Pathogenesis to Guide RSV Vaccine Development

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in young children and a substantial contributor to respiratory tract disease throughout life and as such a high priority for vaccine development. However, after nearly 60 years of research no vaccine is yet available. The challenges to developing an RSV vaccine include the young age, 2-4 months of age, for the peak of disease, the enhanced RSV disease associated with the first RSV vaccine, formalin-inactivated RSV with an alum adjuvant (FI-RSV), and difficulty achieving protection as illustrated by repeat infections with disease that occur throughout life. Understanding the biology of infection and disease pathogenesis has and will continue to guide vaccine development. In this paper, we review the roles that RSV proteins play in the biology of infection and disease pathogenesis and the corresponding contribution to live attenuated and subunit RSV vaccines. Each of RSV's 11 proteins are in the design of one or more vaccines. The G protein's contribution to disease pathogenesis through altering host immune responses as well as its role in the biology of infection suggest it can make a unique contribution to an RSV vaccine, both live attenuated and subunit vaccines. One of G's potential unique contributions to a vaccine is the potential for anti-G immunity to have an anti-inflammatory effect independent of virus replication. Though an anti-viral effect is essential to an effective RSV vaccine, it is important to remember that the goal of a vaccine is to prevent disease. Thus, other effects of the infection, such as G's alteration of the host immune response may provide opportunities to induce responses that block this effect and improve an RSV vaccine. Keeping in mind the goal of a vaccine is to prevent disease and not virus replication may help identify new strategies for other vaccine challenges, such as improving influenza vaccines and developing HIV vaccines.
Hot deformation data for Haynes 214, Haynes 230 and Inconel 740H

Abstract This article presents the datasets gathered for the hot processing of three Ni-based superalloys intended for A-USC application, Haynes 214, Haynes 230 and Inconel 740H. Isothermal compression tests were conducted with a Gleeble 3500 at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1200 °C and strain rates between 0.01/s and 1/s to a full true strain of 0.7. The obtained true stress-true strain curves were used as basis for hot processing maps, linking temperature, stress and strain rate. Subsequently, all samples were sectioned through the geometric centre to provide microstructural information, captured using EBSD, as well as EDX for the evolution of secondary phases. Thermodynamic modelling was performed to validate compositions and mass fraction data from EDX measurements. These combined datasets help in understanding the deformation behaviour of a selected range of superalloys, under commercial processing conditions, aiding in process design optimizations and improvements. For complete interpretation of the data the reader should refer to the related publication “Comparative study of the hot processing behavior in advanced Ni-based superalloys for use in A-USC applications”.
Inferred UV fluence focal-spot profiles from soft x-ray pinhole-camera measurements on OMEGA

A method was developed with laser-irradiated Au planar foils to characterize the focal spot of UV laser beams on a target at full energy from soft x-ray emission. A pinhole camera with a back-thinned charge-coupled device detector and filtration with thin Be and Al foil filters provides images of the x-ray emission at photon energies <2 keV. This method requires a careful measurement of the relationship between the applied UV fluence and the x-ray signal, which can be described by a power-law dependence. The measured exponent γ ∼ 2 provides a dynamic range of ∼25 for the inferred UV fluence. UV fluence profiles of selected beams were measured for 100-ps and 1-ns laser pulses and were compared to directly measured profiles from an UV equivalent-target-plane diagnostic. The inferred spot size and super-Gaussian order from the x-ray technique agree within several percent with the values measured with the direct UV measurements.
Equivalent Locally Martingale Measure for the Deflator Process on Ordered Banach Algebra

This paper aims at determining the measure of Q under necessary and sufficient conditions. The measure is an equivalent measure for identifying the given P such that the process with respect to P is the deflator locally martingale. The martingale and locally martingale measures will coincide for the deflator process discrete time. We define s-viable, s-price system, and no locally free lunch in ordered Banach algebra and identify that the s-price system is s-viable if and only a character functional exists. We further demonstrate that no locally free lunch is a necessary and sufficient condition for the equivalent martingale measure Q to exist for the deflator process and the subcharacter such that . This paper proves the existence of more than one condition and that all conditions are equivalent.
Perceived barriers to implementation of injury prevention programs among collegiate women's soccer coaches.

Abstract Objectives Knee injury prevention programs (IPPs) reduce knee and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in female athletes, however, implementation of IPPs is low. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to implementation of IPPs among collegiate women’s soccer coaches. Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods A custom survey based on the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework and existing literature was sent to 151 out of 153 women’s National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer coaches in the NCAA’s Eastern Region. Results Ten respondents reported that they did not use an IPP (Non-users), and nineteen respondents reported that they did use an IPP (Users). “Cost” was the most highly ranked barrier (median rank: 2) to implementing an IPP among Non-users. For the statement, “Who should be responsible for completing an IPP,” Users said “Coaches” (47%) and “Other” (21%), while Non-users said “Strength and conditioning” (50%) and “Athletic trainers” (30%). Respondents who marked “Other”, elaborated that it was the responsibility of coaches, athletes, and additional staff members. Conclusions Cost was the primary barrier to implementation of an IPP. Since the majority of Non-users indicated that implementation of an IPP was the responsibility of a non-coaching staff member, cost may be a surrogate for the expense of hiring an additional staff member rather than the cost of performing the IPP itself. Additionally, using a team-based approach that encompasses athletes, coaches, and non-coaching staff members may support long-term implementation of IPPs.
Fiducial detection and registration for 3D IMRT QA with organ-specific dose information.

PURPOSE Two-dimensional (2D) IMRT QA has been widely performed in Radiation Oncology clinic. However, concerns regarding its sensitivity in detecting delivery errors and its clinical meaning have been raised in publications. In this study, a robust methodology of three-dimensional (3D) IMRT QA using fiducial registration and structure-mapping was proposed to acquire organ-specific dose information. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) markers were placed on the PRESAGE dosimeter as fiducials before CT simulation. Subsequently, the images were transferred to the treatment planning system to create a verification plan for the examined treatment plan. Patient's CT images were registered to the CT images of the dosimeter for structure mapping according to the positions of the fiducials. After irradiation, the 3D dose distribution was read-out by an optical-CT (OCT) scanner with fiducials shown on the OCT dose images. An automatic localization algorithm was developed in MATLAB to register the markers in the OCT images to those in the CT images of the dosimeter. SlicerRT was used to show and analyze the results. Fiducial registration error was acquired by measuring the discrepancies in 20 fiducial registrations, and thus the fiducial localization error and target registration error (TRE) was estimated. RESULTS Dosimetry comparison between the calculated and measured dose distribution in various forms were presented, including 2D isodose lines comparison, 3D isodose surfaces with patient's anatomical structures, 2D and 3D gamma index, dose volume histogram and 3D view of gamma failing points. From the analysis of 20 fiducial registrations, fiducial registration error was measured to be 0.62 mm and fiducial localization error was calculated to be 0.44 mm. Target registration uncertainty of the proposed methodology was estimated to be within 0.3 mm in the area of dose measurement. CONCLUSIONS This study proposed a robust methodology of 3D measurement-based IMRT QA for organ-specific dose comparison and demonstrated its clinical feasibility.
Side-chain functionalized supramolecular helical brush copolymers

We report poly(isocyanide)-based random copolymers (co-PIC) featuring alkoxycarbonyl-based side-chains synthesized via the metal-catalyzed controlled polymerization of chiral and achiral isocyanide monomers. The pyridine-functionalized achiral monomer provides functional sites while the chiral monomer drives the formation of a one-handed preferred helix. The side-chain functionalized helical polymer undergoes self-assembly with palladated pincer ligands, as evidenced by 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy confirms that the side-chain self-assembly does not affect the backbone helicity. We construct supramolecular helical brush copolymers via the metal coordination of the co-PIC backbone with telechelic poly(styrene)s. 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies confirm the metal coordination, and CD measurements suggest that the backbone retains its helical conformation. Additionally, viscometry measurements verify the formation of high molecular weight polymers while dynamic light scattering confirms the increasing hydrodynamic radii of the resulting supramolecular brush copolymers. Our methodology constructs complex 3D materials with fully synthetic, secondary structure containing building blocks. We view this as a platform for building architecturally controlled 3D supramolecular materials with high degrees of complexity.
Lack of Host Reproductive Trade-offs Associated with Fecundity Compensation Response to Parasitic Castration

Host-parasite coevolution may result in life-history changes in hosts that can limit the detrimental effects of parasitism. Fecundity compensation is one such life-history response, occurring when hosts increase their current reproductive output to make up for expected losses in future reproduction due to parasitic infection. However, the potential trade-offs between quantity and quality of offspring produced during fecundity compensation are relatively unexplored. This study uses the trematode, Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata, to better understand the impacts of this host life-history response. Measures of host reproductive output as well as offspring hatching success and survival were collected to assess the reproductive consequences of infection. Infected snails exhibited fecundity compensation (increase in the number of eggs laid compared to controls) and had a higher probability of laying any eggs at all. Infection status did not play a significant role in hatching or offspring survival to maturity. However, the age of the parental snail had a significant impact on hatching success, as offspring from older parents demonstrated a higher hatching success rate. Overall, the lack of an apparent trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring suggests that infected parental snails invest more resources towards reproduction in order to maintain the fitness of their offspring, possibly at the expense of their own longevity.
DIFFERENCES OF MASS AND DIAMETER MUSCLE RATTUS NORVEGICUS IN GIVING KETOGENIC DIETS AND EXERCISE

Introduction: Saturated ketogenic diet without exercise can lead to muscle mass decrease and disturb body metabolism. Therefore, the researcher is interested in discovering the differences between a saturated and unsaturated ketogenic diet with exercise to muscle mass and diameter. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the difference in muscle mass and diameter of Rattus norvegicus, which were given a ketogenic diet and exercise. Method: This experimental research used Rattus norvegicus that had been adapted for two weeks. Rats are divided into five groups; control (K), a saturated ketogenic diet (P1), a saturated ketogenic diet with exercise (P2), an unsaturated ketogenic diet (P3), and an unsaturated ketogenic diet with exercise (P4). Upright running wheel exercise was given to the group with exercise for 10 minutes daily. The ketogenic diet was given with oral gavage. Muscle mass was examined in the second and fourth weeks. Muscle diameter was examined before treatment, second week, and fourth week. Results: There are differences in mass and diameter muscle Rattus norvegicus that given ketogenic diet and exercise (p=0,000). In second week, there are significant increase in muscle diameter for saturated ketogenic diet without exercise (P1(p=0,000)) and significant decrease in muscle diameter for three other group (P2(p=0,000), P3(p=0,001), P4(p=0,000)). In the fourth week, there is a significant increase in muscle diameter for an unsaturated ketogenic diet with exercise (P4). Conclusion: An unsaturated ketogenic diet with exercise could increase the mass and diameter of quadriceps muscle at the end of this research.
A Brief History of Insanity: The Gaudio Translation

We have to recover the history. James Meredith, the African-American who integrated the previously whites only segregated University of Mississippi in the mid-1960’s, once told me that it was only when he worked in Japan after WWII that he realized that segregation of the races was not ordained by God. Recently, I think I received some indication of why he thought that and why the current situation is as it is. I had of course been familiar with American slavery, but before that 1619 project, I was surprised to come across the Dum Diversas and Romanus Pontifex Papal Bulls/Letters of Pope Nicholas V in the mid-1400’s blessing and calling for the perpetual enslavement of Africans. An HBO series entitled Exterminate All the Brutes referred to another Papal Bull/Letter of 1478 of Pope Sixtus IV which blessed and protected by God the start of the Spanish Inquisition. This 1478 Papal Bull/Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain is entitled Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus. Until May 20, 2021 it had never been translated into English and appears for the first time in this article as the Gaudio Translation. The combination of the three Papal Bulls/Letters suggests the origin of the idea of white supremacy that went on to permeate the world in a 550 year pandemic. By bringing this origin story to light today, in reading Pope Sixtus IV, we each see how little we have progressed since 1478 in our thinking about each other. This origin story also shows us just what we have to do to free our minds of these shackles that hold back all of us - confusing true faith with merely terrestrial human frailty to the detriment of so many millions.
Gender-based violence and infectious disease in humanitarian settings: lessons learned from Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 to inform syndemic policy making.

Background The impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics are not gender neutral. Instead, infectious diseases and gender-based violence (GBV) mutually reinforce each other. Women and girls in humanitarian settings are disproportionately impacted as crises exacerbate gender inequality, violence, and community transmission. A syndemic model of infectious disease and GBV draws attention to their critical linkage, enabling more effective approaches to address both infectious disease transmission and GBV prevalence. Main body Implementation of infectious disease control measures have been consistently absent of critical gender considerations in humanitarian settings. We drew learnings from Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 to highlight how women and girls living in humanitarian settings have faced bi-directional syndemic vulnerabilities between GBV and infectious disease. Our findings indicate that Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 exacerbated GBV risk and experience of GBV increased community transmission of these infectious diseases. Moreover, we identified a failure of existing policies to address this mutually deleterious linkage. Thus, we advocate for policymakers to ask three foundational questions: (i) What are the gendered bi-directional risk pathways between infectious disease and GBV?; (ii) How can we act on the gendered risk pathways?; and, (iii) Who should be involved in designing, implementing, and evaluating gender-sensitive policies? Conclusion Our syndemic policy framework challenges existing thinking on a neglected issue that disproportionally impacts women and girls. By offering foundational guidance to address and thwart the syndemic of infectious disease and GBV in humanitarian settings, we endeavor to proactively and holistically address the reinforcing linkage between GBV and current or emergent infectious diseases.
Intra-amniotic infection and premature rupture of the membranes.

The outcome of the fetus and newborn often is linked to maternal complications. Intra-amniotic infection (IAI) and premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) are key risk factors for neonatal sepsis. This article describes the etiologies, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes of IAI and PROM and addresses recent controversies in management.
Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard optimum and sub-optimum receiver in frequency-selective, slowly fading Nakagami channels with AWGN and pulsed-noise interference

Wireless local area networks (WLAN) are increasingly important in meeting the needs of next generation broadband wireless communications systems for both commercial and military applications. For the IEEE 802.11a 5 GHz WLAN standard, orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) was chosen as the modulation scheme for transmission because of its well-known ability to avoid multipath effects while achieving high data rates. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard receiver when the signal is transmitted over a frequency-selective, slow fading Nakagami channel in a worst case, pulse-noise interference environment. The different combinations of modulation type (both binary and non-binary modulation) and convolutional code rate specified by the WLAN standard are examined. Receiver performance with Viterbi soft decision decoding (SDD) is analyzed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) plus pulse-noise interference (PNI). The performance of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard receiver is examined both for the scenario where perfect side information is assumed (optimum receiver) and when it is not (sub-optimum receiver). For the sub-optimum receiver scenario, the receiver performance is examined both when noise-normalization is utilized and when only linear combining is utilized. The receiver performance is severely affected by the pulse-noise interference environment for the linear combining scenario; however, the sub-optimum receiver performance is significantly improved when noise-normalization is implemented.
Predicting Skill-Based Task Performance and Learning with fMRI Motor and Subcortical Network Connectivity

Procedural learning is the process of skill acquisition that is regulated by the basal ganglia, and this learning becomes automated over time through cortico-striatal and cortico-cortical connectivity. In the current study, we use a common machine learning regression technique to investigate how fMRI network connectivity in the subcortical and motor networks are able to predict initial performance and traininginduced improvement in a skill-based cognitive training game, Space Fortress, and how these predictions interact with the strategy the trainees were given during training. To explore the reliability and validity of our findings, we use a range of regression lambda values, sizes of model complexity, and connectivity measurements.
Abstract T P329: Coo-Coo For Compliance: Improving Compliance of Acute Stroke Patient Documentation

Introduction/Background: As a Joint Commission Comprehensive Stroke Center we are charged with the task of meticulous monitoring of vital signs and neurologic status after thrombolytic therapy to prevent complications. This can be difficult to document in real time. In accordance with best practices and the AHA guidelines and the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, we sought to improve the documentation of vital signs and neurologic evaluations during and after t-PA. During our Joint Commission Comprehensive Stroke Survey we were cited for improving the documentation of vital signs and neurological checks after t-PA. Background: We identified nurses were starting documentation at awkward times, i.e. 1538 and attempting to add 15min to this time over a 24 hour period. The nurses were educated about rounding up to the 15min mark, making it easier to add 15min each time. We auditied documentation of every patient who received Acute Stroke Treatment, and sent feed back to nurses in “real time”. We di...
Radiation Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

Radiation therapy plays a central and continuously evolving role in the treatment of head and neck cancer. In this review, some basic principles of radiation oncology are explained and common clinical scenarios are addressed in which radiation therapy forms part of the treatment course, with a focus on issues most pertinent to the interaction of radiation oncology with surgical treatment. These issues include refinement of the indications guiding the choice of adjuvant radiation therapy or chemoradiotherapy, sequencing and timing of therapies before or after definitive surgical management, and scientific and technical advances with the potential to reduce radiation-related toxicity.
Electrocardiographic Versus Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Prediction of Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly.

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an established risk factor for heart failure (HF) and is a component of the Framingham Heart Failure Risk Score (FHFRS). Whether LVH detected by electrocardiogram (ECG-LVH) is equally predictive of HF as LVH detected by echocardiography (echo-LVH) is unclear. Hypothesis ECG-LVH and echo-LVH are equally predictive of HF. Methods This analysis included 4543 participants (85% white; 41% male) age ≥65 years from the Cardiovascular Health Study who were free of HF at baseline. Incident HF was identified during a median follow-up of 12 years. ECG-LVH was defined by the Cornell criteria. Echo-LVH was defined as left ventricular mass >95th percentile (male, >212 g; female, >175 g). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the association between ECG-LVH and echo-LVH, separately with incident HF. Harrell's concordance C-index was calculated for the FHFRS with inclusion of ECG-LVH and echo-LVH, separately. Results At baseline, 168 participants had ECG-LVH and 226 had echo-LVH. A total of 1380 incident HF events occurred during follow-up. Both ECG-LVH and echo-LVH were predictive of incident HF (for ECG-LVH, hazard ratio: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.77; for echo-LVH, hazard ratio: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.22-1.89). The ability of the FHFRS to predict HF was similar when ECG-LVH (C-index: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.726-0.815) and echo-LVH (C-index: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.727-0.814) were included into the model separately. Conclusions Both LVH-ECG and echo-LVH are equally predictive of incident HF and can be used interchangeably in HF risk-prediction models.
University Hospital Administration

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses issues relevant to mental health administrators and managers working in academic healthcare centers (AHCs), with particular emphasis on challenges facing psychologists and other nonphysician mental health professionals in administrative positions. Hospital-based psychologists, for example, are often strangers in a strange land, working in a system that does not understand the nature or value of psychological services and research. This chapter discusses the university hospital administration. Mental health programs are administered in a variety of organizational settings and no two administrators' situations are identical. It is helpful for administrators to be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of various organizational models. With this knowledge, administrators developing new programs are likely to make more informed organizational decisions and those with established programs can better manage the strengths and limitations of their program's organizational structure.
Value priority based optimal power system stabilization of generating resources using local and Global Controllers

In this paper, an intelligent supervisory level power system stabilizer based on value based prioritization of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Supervised Learning (SL) is proposed. The proposed method uses a composite architecture integrating two controllers: First, an Adaptive Critic Design (ACD) implemented on neural network benchmark capable of approximating the nonlinear functional dynamics of the power system and second, a conventional Power System Stabilizer (PSS) as a local controller. The value priority is defined using a Lyuponov function candidate derived based on system stability analysis to indicate identification and performance quality of the controllers. This method increases the reliability and allows for automatic tuning of stabilizing controllers. The theoretical results are validated by conducting simulation studies for electric-generator stabilization on 39-bus 10-generator IEEE power system.
Elevated relative risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with colder weather in the mid-Atlantic region

Abstract We have previously reported an increase of 0.6% in the relative risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in response to every 1°F decrease in the maximum daily temperature (Tmax) in colder seasons from patients presenting to our regional tertiary care center. We hypothesized that this relationship would also be observed in the warmer summer months with ambient temperatures greater than 70°F. From prospectively collected incidence data for aSAH patients, we investigated absolute Tmax, average daily temperatures, intraday temperature ranges, and the variation of daily Tmax relative to 70°F to assess associations with aSAH incidence for patients admitted to our institution between 1991 and 2009 during the hottest months and days on which Tmax > 70°F. For all days treated as a group, the mean Tmax (± standard deviation) was lower when aSAH occurred than when it did not (64.4 ± 18.2°F versus 65.8 ± 18.3°F; p = 0.016). During summer months, the odds ratio (OR) of aSAH incidence increased with lower mean Tmax (OR 1.019; 95% confidence interval 1.001–1.037; p = 0.043). The proportion of days with aSAH admissions was lower on hotter days than the proportion of days with no aSAH (96% versus 98%; p = 0.006). aSAH were more likely to occur during the summer and on days with a temperature fluctuation less than 10°F (8% versus 4%; p = 0.002). During the hottest months of the year in the mid-Atlantic region, colder maximum daily temperatures, a smaller heat burden above 70°F, and smaller intraday temperature fluctuations are associated with increased aSAH admissions in a similar manner to colder months. These findings support the hypothesis that aSAH incidence is more likely with drops in temperature, even in the warmer months.
Sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein involved in binding to nucleocapsids.

Abstract The purpose of these experiments was to study the physical structure of the nucleocapsid-M protein complex of vesicular stomatitis virus by analysis of nucleocapsid binding by wild-type and mutant M proteins and by limited proteolysis. We used the temperature-sensitive M protein mutant tsO23 and six temperature-stable revertants of tsO23 to test the effect of sequence changes on M protein binding to the nucleocapsid as a function of NaCl concentration. The results showed that M proteins from wild-type, mutant, and three of the revertant viruses had similar NaCl titration curves, while the curve for M proteins from the other three revertants differed significantly. The altered NaCl dependence of M protein was correlated with a single amino acid substitution from Phe to Leu at position 111 compared with the original temperature-sensitive mutant and was not correlated with a substitution of Gly to Glu at position 21 in tsO23 and the revertants. To determine whether protease cleavage sites in the M protein were protected by interaction with the nucleocapsid, nucleocapsid-M protein complexes were subjected to limited proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The initial trypsin and chymotrypsin cleavage sites, located after amino acids 19 and 20, respectively, were as accessible to proteases when M protein was bound to the nucleocapsid as when it was purified, indicating that this region of the protein does not interact directly with the nucleocapsid. Furthermore, trypsin or chymotrypsin treatment released the M protein fragments from the nucleocapsid, presumably due to conformational changes following proteolysis. V8 protease cleaved the M protein at position 34 or 50, producing two distinct fragments. The M protein fragment produced by V8 protease cleavage at position 34 remained associated with the nucleocapsid, while the fragment produced by cleavage at position 50 was released from the nucleocapsid. These results suggest that the amino-terminal region of the M protein around amino acid 20 does not interact directly with the nucleocapsid and that conformational changes resulting from single-amino-acid substitutions at other sites in the M protein are important for this interaction.
Lawrence's Quest in "The Rainbow"

A major subject of much modern literature is the author’s quest for self-definition. In particular, the search for moral and aesthetic values is central to the novels of Joyce, Proust, Woolf, Conrad, and Lawrence. Yet we have neglected how novels reveal their authors because much modern criticism has been uncomfortable with the expressive qualities of texts. Certainly, the New Criticism insisted that texts be examined as self-referential ontologies which are distinct from their authors’ lives. Unwilling to commit the intentional fallacy, Anglo-American formalism ceded discussion of the author to biographers, psychoanalytic critics, and, more recently, to phenomonologists, structuralists, and their successors. Yet because the quest for values, form, and language is a central subject in much modern fiction, it must be discussed as a formal component within the text, separate and distinct from the narrator or implied author. To neglect the dialogue between the creative process and the subject matter of the story is to ignore a fundamental part of the novel’s imagined world. Lawrence’s struggle with his subject (his relationship with Frieda) is a major aspect of The Rainbow, just as Sons and Lovers dramatizes his struggle to come to terms with his relationship with Jessie Chambers and his mother. Moreover, the author’s quest for self-understanding is central to other late nineteenth and early twentieth century British novelists: Conrad in the Marlow tales, Joyce in A Portrait of the Artist and Ulysses, and Woolf in Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.
Role of lung decortication in symptomatic empyemas in children.

Abstract Despite appropriate antibiotics and pleural drainage, the condition of some children with empyema fails to improve. In a 5-year period, 10 children ranging in age from 2 to 16 years underwent lung decortication for a refractory, symptomatic empyema, which had developed 3 to 5 weeks after an initial pneumonic infiltrate. Responsible organisms included β-hemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae , or Streptococcus pneumoniae in 6 children. Negative cultures were found in 4 children. The initial computed tomographic scan of the chest in 4 of 8 patients showed more than 75% limitation of lung expansion by the contents of the empyema cavity. In 4 other patients, an extensive pleural peel was seen on initial computed tomographic scan of the chest. Several studies also showed cystic lesions in the collapsed lung. Multiple computed tomographic scans in 3 patients confirmed the lack of clinical and chest roentgenographic improvement with conservative therapy. At decortication in each, the visceral and parietal pleural peel was completely removed, freeing the trapped lung. Two patients also had a concomitant lobectomy for a necrotic right upper lobe (1 patient) and left lower lobe (1). Clinical improvement was marked, with return of temperature, white blood cell count, and appetite to normal. Postoperative morbidity was minimal. Analysis of these patients in whom traditional conservative therapy failed suggested that the initial management during the early exudative phase was often delayed and was not aggressive enough from the standpoint of pleural drainage. Early decortication in these highly select patients with symptomatic, refractory empyemas shortened the hospital stay, minimized the risks of long-term use of antibiotics and prolonged chest tube drainage, completely reexpanded the trapped lung, and led to excellent long-term results.
Novel word retention in bilingual and monolingual speakers.

The goal of this research was to examine word retention in bilinguals and monolinguals. Long-term word retention is an essential part of vocabulary learning. Previous studies have documented that bilinguals outperform monolinguals in terms of retrieving newly-exposed words. Yet, little is known about whether or to what extent bilinguals are different from monolinguals in word retention. Participants were 30 English-speaking monolingual adults and 30 bilingual adults who speak Spanish as a home language and learned English as a second language during childhood. In a previous study (Kan, Sadagopan, Janich, & Andrade, 2014), the participants were exposed to the target novel words in English, Spanish, and Cantonese. In this current study, word retention was measured a week after the fast mapping task. No exposures were given during the one-week interval. Results showed that bilinguals and monolinguals retain a similar number of words. However, participants produced more words in English than in either Spanish or Cantonese. Correlation analyses revealed that language knowledge plays a role in the relationships between fast mapping and word retention. Specifically, within- and across-language relationships between bilinguals’ fast mapping and word retention were found in Spanish and English, by contrast, within-language relationships between monolinguals’ fast mapping and word retention were found in English and across-language relationships between their fast mapping and word retention performance in English and Cantonese. Similarly, bilinguals differed from monolinguals in the relationships among the word retention scores in three languages. Significant correlations were found among bilinguals’ retention scores. However, no such correlations were found among monolinguals’ retention scores. The overall findings suggest that bilinguals’ language experience and language knowledge most likely contribute to how they learn and retain new words.
Enolase activity of erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis.

Tabechian, Altman and Young1 have shown that red blood cells from patients with hereditary spherocytosis are more sensitive to fluoride than normal red blood cells with respect to the 32P-orthophosphate exchange reaction between the extra- and intra-cellular compartments. From these results they concluded that the enzymes enolase or adenosine triphosphatase are the most likely to be defective in the red blood cells of patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Prankerd2 investigated the adenosine triphosphatase activity of such cells and found this enzyme to be normally active. The possibility that the defect involves enolase is supported by some unpublished results of Altman and Young. However, glycolytic intermediates have been shown to be normal3,4. These results strongly indicate that an enzymatic defect in the Embden–Meyerhof pathway is unlikely.
Parenting and Children's Self-Control: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations

The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact parenting has on the development of self-control, both before and after the general theory of crime suggests self-control is established. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, longitudinal data from mothers with children ages 8–9 and 12–13 were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Results demonstrated an overall environment of effective parenting is associated with (1) self-control before and after it is theoretically established and (2) parenting constructs outside the conceptualization of the theory. Further, the stability of self-control may matter more than parenting in the longitudinal development of self-control.
Targeted mutation of key residues at the start of helix 12 in the hERα ligand-binding domain identifies the role of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions in the activity of the protein

Abstract Estradiol (E 2 ) and tamoxifen exert their effects through two members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and -beta. We want to identify the key interactions linking ligand-binding and activity of the ERα. Asp-351 and Leu-536 participate in hydrogen bond (Asp-351) and hydrophobic (Leu-536) interactions at the start of helix 12 in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the ERα. Mutations at each position alter ER activity, but we do not know which is more important. We mutated these residues in combination and individually and assessed the activity of the mutated ERs in the absence and presence of E 2 and 4-OHT on an ERE-driven and an AP-1-driven promoter, as well as their ability to interact with coregulators. On an ERE-driven promoter, the residue at position 351 determined whether E 2 stimulated or reduced the activity of the ER, as well as the level of activity in the presence of 4-OHT. Surprisingly, mutation of both residues generally did not produce cumulative deleterious effects, and they exerted counterbalancing effects on the basal activity on both promoters. Our results identify the contributions of specific interactions to the activity of the hERα, and support the concept that this region couples ligand-binding with ER activity.
Comparative transcriptomics for mangrove species: an expanding resource.

We present here the Mangrove Transcriptome Database (MTDB), an integrated, web-based platform providing transcript information from all 28 mangrove species for which information is available. Sequences are annotated, and when possible, GO clustered and assigned to KEGG pathways, making MTDB a valuable resource for approaching mangrove or other extremophile biology from the transcriptomic level. As one example outlining the potential of MTDB, we highlight the analysis of mangrove microRNA (miRNA) precursor sequences, miRNA target sites, and their conservation and divergence compared with model plants. MTDB is available at http://mangrove.illinois.edu.