cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microgrid testing

With the publication of IEEE 1574.4 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems, there is an increasing amount of attention on not only the design and operations of microgrids, but also on the proper operation and testing of these systems. This standard provides alternative approaches and good practices for the design, operation, and integration of microgrids. This includes the ability to separate from and reconnect to part of the utility grid while providing power to the islanded power system. This presentation addresses the industry need to develop standardized testing and evaluation procedures for microgrids in order to assure quality operation in the grid connected and islanded modes of operation.
Can the global South take over the baton? What cosmopolitanism in ‘unlikely’ places means for future world order

AbstractAs the West’s centrality fades, the global South may have a decisive influence in shaping future world order. Will that future see a retreat from globalisation to hard-edged particularisms? Or will the emerging post-Westphalian global society let the global South take over the baton of cosmopolitan institution building in its own way? This article draws on a multi-country survey of educated youth to find promising signs of imagined common ground with other countries. It suggests the flavours of cosmopolitan integration that the global South is likely to support in coming decades.
Nelson Horatio Darton the quintessential reconnaissance geologist of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains

N. H. Darton (1865–1948; Fig. 1) epitomizes the reconnaissance field geologist of the twentieth century. His impressive record of geologic and topographic mapping is well documented in the memorial by Philip B. King (1949). Two maps of the conterminous United States (King's figures 1 and 2) summarize the areas of Darton's published contributions. One of King's figures (his figure 1) is reproduced here (Fig. 2). It demonstrates that Darton covered an immense part of the conterminous United States during his career as a geologist for the United States Geological Survey, and that he made notable contributions in the eastern United States as well as his famous studies in the Rocky Mountain region. A native of Brooklyn, New York, Darton abandoned formal education at the age of 13 to learn practical chemistry in his uncle's pharmaceutical business. What were the mental and physical characteristics, circumstances, people, and events that led from these beginnings to such a productive career as a field geologist? Figure 1. Photograph of N. H. Darton. Source: United States Geological Survey Photo Library, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado. Figure 2. Map from King (1949, his figure 1, p. 157) showing areas geologically mapped by N. H. Darton. Nelson Horatio Darton was born December 17, 1865, in Brooklyn, New York. His father, who worked in the Brooklyn Navy Yard on the construction of the Monitor during the Civil War, was a civil engineer and frequently traveled to Alaska and British Columbia for his work. In contrast, Darton's mother was an accomplished pianist; from her he inherited a love for music, which remained with him throughout his life. His father, when home, provided enthusiastic guidance in mathematical and technical subjects for his son. Although young Darton was profi cient in his schoolwork, the pace of the other students was too slow for …
Pricing from Observational Data

Given observational data on price and demand, the price optimization problem is sometimes addressed in the literature by a predictive approach: (a) fit a model to the data that best predicts demand given price and (b) substitute the predictive model into the overall profit and optimize for price. We show that, because historical demand at all prices but the observed one is missing, the price optimization problem is not well specified by the data, and in particular, the predictive approach fails to find the optimal price. We bound the suboptimality of the predictive approach, even when the optimal price cannot be identified from the data, by leveraging the special structure of the problem. Drawing from the causal inference literature, we provide su cient conditions for the optimal price to be identifiable from the data. Given these conditions, we provide parametric and non-parametric algorithms for the price optimization problem. In the non-parametric case we prove consistency and asymptotic normality and establish rates of convergence. We develop a hypothesis test for asymptotic profit optimality of any algorithm for pricing from observational data. We use this test to demonstrate empirically in an auto loan dataset that both parametric and non-parametric predictive approaches lose significant profit relative to the optimum and that our prescriptive parametric framework leads to profit that cannot be distinguished from the optimal one, recovering 36-70% of profits lost by the predictive approaches.
The investigation and reflection on the Cooperation Economic Organization of Fujian Forest Resources Cultivation

After the innovation of collective forest property right system in Fujian Province,the developmental situation of the Cooperation Economic Organization of Fujian Forest Resources Cultivation was investigated and studied.Then the fast promotion development was put forward.
Query-based Biclustering using Formal Concept Analysis.

Biclustering methods have proven to be critical tools in the exploratory analysis of high-dimensional data including information networks, microarray experiments, and bag of words data. However, most biclustering methods fail to answer specific questions of interest and do not incorporate prior knowledge and expertise from the user. To this end, query-based biclustering algorithms that are recently developed in the context of microarray data utilize a set of seed genes provided by the user which are assumed to be tightly co-expressed or functionally related to prune the search space and guide the biclustering algorithm. In this paper, a novel QueryBased Bi-Clustering algorithm, QBBC, is proposed by a new formulation that combines the advantages of low-variance biclustering techniques and Formal Concept Analysis. We prove that statistical dispersion measures that are order-preserving induce an ordering on the set of biclusters in the data. In turn, this ordering is exploited to form query-based biclusters in an efficient manner. Our novel approach provides a mechanism to generalize query-based biclustering to sparse high-dimensional data such as information networks and bag of words. Moreover, the proposed framework performs a local approach to query-based biclustering as opposed to the global approaches that previous algorithms have employed. Experimental results indicate that this local approach often produces higher quality and precise biclusters compared to the state-of-the-art querybased methods. In addition, our results on the performance evaluation illustrate the efficiency and scalability of QBBC compared to full biclustering approaches and other existing query-based approaches.
Political Institutions under Dictatorship: Use of Institutions to Co-opt

INTRODUCTION As seen in the previous chapters, dictatorships vary in their institutional arrangements. In 12 percent of all dictatorial country-year observations, neither a legislature nor a political party existed. Monarchs are most likely to govern without institutions; one-third of them dispense with nominally democratic institutions. In contrast, civilian dictators rely heavily on them: there are almost two times as many civilian dictatorships with a single party rather than multiple parties, but almost all of them govern with legislatures. The organization of military regimes is much more varied. The illustrative cases also display the variation in institutions under dictatorship. In Kuwait, the ruling family at first conceded institutions to the merchant opposition, only to rescind them after the discovery of oil. After independence, the kings of Morocco attempted to renege on institutional concessions as well, only to find that they could not engage in state-building and neutralize the opposition without the aid of nominally democratic legislatures and parties. Because they did not have the resources of the Kuwaiti emirs, Morocco's rulers wisely established these institutions to co-opt the opposition. In contrast, Rodriguez Lara failed to incorporate crucial elements of Ecuadorian society. By not providing a forum in which outside groups could issue demands, negotiate with the regime, and influence policy, the military government alienated even those segments of society that were designated beneficiaries of its programs.
FRI0319 The Risk of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in The United Kingdom: A Population-Based Study

Background Many studies have found that patients with SLE have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular complications. However, the magnitude of the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been well quantified in this patient group, particularly within the general population context. Objectives Our objective was to determine magnitude and temporal trend of the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE), and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in individuals with incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the general population. Methods Using the Health Information Network (THIN) database, a population database that includes 11.1 million patients, 6.2% of the population of the United Kingdom, we conducted a cohort study of all patients with incident SLE and up to 10 age-, sex-, and entry time-matched individuals from the general population. SLE patients were identified by read codes for systemic involvement of lupus, excluding cutaneous-only disease. We compared incidence rates of PE, DVT, and VTE between the two groups and within the SLE group according to SLE disease duration. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for confounders. Results Among 1494 individuals with SLE (87.1% female, mean age 50 years), there were 13 cases of DVT and 14 of PE. Among the 10,473 individuals without SLE, there were 38 cases of DVT and 33 of PE. The incidence rates of PE, DVT, and VTE were 1.6, 1.4, and 2.9 per 1000 person-years in the SLE group, whereas the corresponding rates were 0.5, 0.6, and 1.1 per 1000 person-years among individuals without SLE. Compared with non-SLE individuals, the multivariable HRs among SLE patients were 3.17 (95% CI, 1.65–6.10), 3.42 (95% CI, 1.72–6.81), and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.94, 5.07) for PE, DVT and VTE, respectively. The age-, sex-, BMI-, and entry time-matched incidence ratios for PE, DVT, and VTE were highest during the first year after SLE diagnosis 14.30 (95% CI, 4.02–50.82), 8.70 (95% CI, 1.74–43.40), and 10.82 (95% CI, 3.91–29.90), respectively. HRs remained similar after adjusting for covariates including BMI, smoking, relevant comorbidities, and use of pertinent medications. Conclusions These findings provide population-based evidence that patients with SLE are at a considerably increased risk of VTE, especially within the first year after SLE diagnosis. Increased vigilance for this potentially fatal outcome and its modifiable risk factors appears warranted in this patient population, particularly early after disease onset. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Family Caregiver Factors Associated with Unmet Needs for Care of Older Adults.

Objectives To examine caregiver factors associated with unmet needs for care of older adults. Design Population-based surveys of caregivers and older adult care recipients in the United States in 2011. Setting 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving. Participants Family caregivers (n = 1,996) of community-dwelling older adults with disabilities (n = 1,366). Measurements Disabled care recipient reports of unmet needs for care in the past month with activities of daily living (ADLs; e.g., wet or soiled clothing), mobility (e.g., have to stay inside), or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs; e.g., medication errors). Caregiver reported sociodemographic characteristics, caregiving intensity and tasks performed, health, and psychosocial effects. Results Of the care recipients, 44.3% reported at least one unmet need for care in the past month (38.2% ADL related, 14.6% IADL related). Younger caregivers, caregiving sons, caregivers not living with care recipients, and having supplemental paid caregivers were associated with more unmet needs. Caregivers with recipients reporting two or more unmet needs were more likely to spend more than 100 hours per month caregiving, help with skin care and wounds, report caregiving as emotionally and physically difficult, and report restricted participation in valued activities (all P < .001). Conclusion Unmet ADL needs are prevalent among older adults with family caregivers. Caregivers experiencing high levels of burden, stress, and negative physical and psychosocial impacts may provide substandard or poor care to older adults, which may be a risk factor for neglect. Clinicians caring for disabled older adults should assess their unmet needs and the capacity of caregivers to address them.
98: Determination of VH Family Usage in B-Cell Malignancies via the IgH PCR Clonality Assay

The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) component of antibodies contains a variable region composed of variable (VH), diversity (D) and joining (JH) gene segments. The combinatorial rearrangement of these gene segments enables immune cells to produce a huge variety of antibodies. The human VH gene segments comprise seven families: VH1-VH7. Several types of B cell malignancies exhibit preferential VH family usage. For example, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia frequently uses the …
Phenomenal compositionality and context effects

AbstractThe thesis that conceptual content is experiential faces a prima facie objection. Phenomenology is not in general compositional. For example, the experienced color of a thing will change depending on its context. If conceptual phenomenology is also subject to context effects, then thought contents will not be compositional. However, the compositionality of thought content (like the compositionality of linguistic meaning) is, arguably, explanatorily indispensable. This paper considers several different conceptions of compositionality, but in the end maintains there is no introspective evidence for conceptual context effects.
On the Ethics of Tourism Research

This study focuses on two topics that have heretofore received little attention: ethical standards for publishing tourism research and assessment of the effectiveness of such standards in generatin...
Protein Kinase CK2: An Emerging Regulator of Immunity

Although it has historically been studied in the context of cancer, recent literature has highlighted the importance of the highly conserved serine/threonine kinase casein kinase II (CK2) in inflammatory disorders. Most strikingly, CK2 is a major regulator of the Th17–Treg axis relevant to many T cell-driven autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS).
Supercomputing-Enabled Advances in Science and Engineering

This special issue of CiSE offers readers a taste of the range of advances enabled by supercomputing. The articles feature applications in astrophysics, engine simulations, and drug discovery while highlighting an array of supercomputing tools---from fundamental algorithms to innovative hardware and cloud computing.
Physiological Properties of Hippocampal Neurons

Neurons are the basic computational units of the nervous system. Information processing in the brain is critically dependent on the electrophysiological properties of individual neurons, which are determined by the presence and distribution of many functionally and pharmacologically different ion channels. The parameters that define the functional roles of individual neurons can be grouped into two major groups: on the one side are cellular morphology and topology, which dictate the connectivity of each neuron; on the other side are the different electrophysiological properties of each cell type, which are defined by the combined effects of neuronal active and passive properties and shape the integrative function of each individual cell. The type and timing of neuronal responses to synaptic inputs depend on the firing pattern of each neuron, which in turn is set by the interplay of intrinsic and synaptic electrophysiological properties.
Delayed diagnosis of an infected vallecular cyst in an infant

Abstract Vallecular cysts in newborns/infants are rare and frequently misdiagnosed. However, certain characteristics distinguish this entity from other common entities that are diagnosed in this age group. We present a case of a vallecular cyst in an infant initially diagnosed as laryngomalacia, and explore possible reasons why this case was initially misdiagnosed based on the etiologies and natural history of this uncommon pediatric upper airway problem.
A Brief Survey of the Meteorological Aspects of Atmospheric Pollution

This article is intended to provide a brief survey of current knowledge of the meteorological aspects of air pollution for meteorologists and others who are not specialists in diffusion. Improved u...
A Logic Circuit Simulation for Finding Identical or Redundant Files using Counter and Register

Computers and internet have become globally used nowadays and also part of the important facilities that could support information exchanges and cloud computing. People deals with texts, images, and videos processing, reaches out the specific goal of their works. It happens that due to much information and procedures, people will have many redundant files such as images or videos in their host computers or terminals, or maybe for some specific reasons people need to find data from big servers that surely have many files with same type and property because people accidentally put them there without knowing others also probably put the same ones. Using the basic concept of sequential logic circuit and electronic workbench 5.12 software, a logic circuit simulation consists of counter and register could be designed to show logically how to a computer or digital machine would interact to find redundant files, images or videos, or same files from many identical data from a server. The methods being used are study literature, analysis, design, and simulation. The output shows an expected result, a logic circuit simulation that could be applied on digital devices for finding identical or redundant files, or other related important process.
Ethical Considerations in Adoption Research: Navigating Confidentiality and Privacy Across the Adoption Kinship Network

Adoption research often includes multiple members of the adoption network, each of whom has distinctive perspectives. Participants may include adopted individuals and their siblings as well as adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoption professionals. Due to these multiple informants and the sensitivity of the topics explored in adoption research, researchers encounter several unique ethical concerns when working with populations impacted by adoption. The current paper addresses confidentiality and privacy issues that arise when conducting adoption research. Examples from a longitudinal study on openness in adoption are provided to highlight strategies that can be used to address these issues.
Reexamining Our Rituals

Humans have long created meaning and encouraged a sense of community through ritual. Yet when professionals in higher education sit down to explore ways to transform their campuses into learning co...
Pairing electrostatic levitation with triboelectric transduction for high-performance self-powered MEMS sensors and actuators

We demonstrate that an electrostatic levitation microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch can be operated by applying mechanical pressure to a triboelectric generator. The toggling mechanism of the switch draws no current but requires a high actuating voltage, while the generator can supply a high voltage but only produces microwatts of power. The synergistic combination results in an entirely self-powered sensor and switch; the normally closed MEMS switch can be toggled open by applying a threshold force to the generator without the need for any outside power or supplementary circuitry. A model of the MEMS switch and electrostatic force is validated with experimental data. An output voltage vs input force relationship for the generator is experimentally extracted.We demonstrate that an electrostatic levitation microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch can be operated by applying mechanical pressure to a triboelectric generator. The toggling mechanism of the switch draws no current but requires a high actuating voltage, while the generator can supply a high voltage but only produces microwatts of power. The synergistic combination results in an entirely self-powered sensor and switch; the normally closed MEMS switch can be toggled open by applying a threshold force to the generator without the need for any outside power or supplementary circuitry. A model of the MEMS switch and electrostatic force is validated with experimental data. An output voltage vs input force relationship for the generator is experimentally extracted.
Image Distortion in Biplanar Slot Scanning: Patient-specific Factors.

Background Error within imaging measurements can be due to processing, magnification, measurement performance, or patient-specific factors. Previous length measurement studies based on radiographs have shown good intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) on single images; but have not assessed interimage distortion. In our study, "image distortion in biplanar slot scanning: technology-specific factors" we determined that there is minimal image distortion due to the image acquisition when using biplanar slot scanning. In this study, we aim to determine the role of patient-specific factors in image distortion, specifically evaluating interimage distortion. Methods Digital radiographs and biplanar slot scanner images were reviewed in 43 magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) patients. Fifty-five postoperative anteroposterior digital radiographs, 184 follow-up biplanar slot-scanner scanner posteroanterior and 76 biplanar slot-scanner scanner laterals were measured by 2 residents and 1 attending. The manufacturer reported average actuator diameter of 9.02 mm was used as our reference width. Results Overall, within image interobserver ICC were moderate to excellent (0.635 to 0.983), but the interimage ICCs were poor (0.332). Digital radiographs consistently overestimated the MCGR actuator width (mean=9.655) and biplanar slot-scanner scanner images underestimated it (mean=8.935). The measurement range was large with biplanar slot-scanner scanner posteroanterior (up to 15%) and lateral (22%) measurements and with digital radiographs (39%). Patients with abnormal muscle tone had higher degrees of measurement variability. Conclusions We found that neither biplanar slot scanning nor digital radiography was precise or accurate. Digital radiographs consistently overestimated MCGR actuator width and biplanar slot scanning underestimated it. The poor ICC's within and between image subtypes and large standard error of measurement reflected a magnitude of distortion that needs to be accounted for when using length measurements clinically. Unlike the clinically insignificant error that we noted in our previous study "image distortion in biplanar slot scanning: technology-specific factors" (0.5% to 1.5% of the measurement), the error noted in this study (0.2% to 38.5% of the measurement) has the potential to be clinically significant. Patients who have abnormal muscle tone had larger measurement errors, likely stemming from motion during the slot scanning process. Level of evidence Level III.
Max-independent set and the quantum alternating operator ansatz

The maximum-independent set (MIS) problem of graph theory using the quantum alternating operator ansatz is studied. We perform simulations on the Rigetti Forest simulator for the square ring, K2,3,...
Preserving and Promoting Democracy: University Demands and the Importance of the Community College in Post-War America, 1946–1953

Resulting from the want and need to secure higher education as a means to become an active, engaged, and contributing citizen in the United States after the Second World War, institutions of higher learning were flooded with students. Exacerbating and supporting this influx of students was the Truman Commission’s 1947 Report, Higher Education for American Democracy. It was in this document that the social role of higher education in the United States was defined, and perhaps, equally important, the junior college’s role was defined and re-named the community college, positioning the institution to serve specific areas. It was during these formative post-War and early Cold War years that higher education was called to recreate and support the national agenda, forcing the tertiary institutions to stake their, and their students’, claim in the socio-economic hierarchy by defining the potential market position of graduates based on policy and practice.
Review of The Theory of Quantum Information John Watrous

This is an extremely clear, carefully written book that covers the most important results in the sprawling field of quantum information. It is perfect for a reference, self-study, or a graduate course in quantum information. It makes no attempt to be broad or encyclopedic, but instead goes deep into the core topics. The definitions and theorems are all precisely worded, and (starting in Chapter 2) all results have complete proofs, making the book largely self-contained. The book focuses heavily on the mathematical results and nuts-and-bolts techniques underpinning current research, and as such gives the reader a thorough and flexible toolkit for proving new results. If you are just looking for a broad but cursory survey of the field, then this is probably not the book for you. If, however, you want a working knowledge of the core results and proof techniques of quantum information with an eye toward doing cutting-edge research in the field, then this book will be an indispensable addition to your library. The mathematical theory of quantum information studies the ultimate abilities and limits of transmitting and processing information using the laws of quantum mechanics. It owes much of its motivation to classical information theory, which was largely developed by Claude Shannon in the mid 20th century, and to quantum mechanics itself (of course). It addresses basic questions like: how much information can be transmitted through quantum channels, noisy or otherwise, and how entanglement helps. The theory informs, and is informed by, its sister disciplines of quantum computation and quantum communication (which overlap with physics and computer science), although in some sense it is more fundamental. Though he occasionally mentions applications to these other areas, Watrous seats his book squarely in the realm of pure mathematics.
Regional citrate anticoagulation "non-shock" protocol with pre-calculated flow settings for patients with at least 6 L/hour liver citrate clearance.

BACKGROUND Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for the prevention of clotting of the extracorporeal blood circuit during continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) has been employed in limited fashion because of the complexity and complications associated with certain protocols. Hypertonic citrate infusion to achieve circuit anticoagulation results in variable systemic citrate- and sodium load and increases the risk of citrate accumulation and hypernatremia. The practice of "single starting calcium infusion rate for all patients" puts patients at risk for clinically significant hypocalcemia if filter effluent calcium losses exceed replacement. A fixed citrate to blood flow ratio, personalized effluent and pre-calculated calcium infusion dosing based on tables derived through kinetic analysis enable providers to use continuous veno-venous hemo-diafiltration (CVVHDF)-RCA in patients with liver citrate clearance of at least 6 L/h. METHODS This was a single-center prospective observational study conducted in intensive care unit patients triaged to be treated with the novel pre-calculated CVVHDF-RCA "Non-shock" protocol. RCA efficacy outcomes were time to first hemofilter loss and circuit ionized calcium (iCa) levels. Safety outcomes were surrogate of citrate accumulation (TCa/iCa ratio) and the incidence of acid-base and electrolyte complications. RESULTS Of 53 patients included in the study, 31 (59%) had acute kidney injury and 12 (22.6%) had the diagnosis of cirrhosis at the start of CVVHDF-RCA. The median first hemofilter life censored for causes other than clotting exceeded 70 h. The cumulative incidence of hypernatremia (Na > 148 mM), metabolic alkalosis (HCO3- > 30 mM), hypocalcemia (iCa 1.5 mM) were 1/47 (1%), 0/50 (0%), 1/53 (2%), 1/53 (2%) respectively and were not clinically significant. The median (25th-75th percentile) of the highest TCa/iCa ratio for every 24-h interval on CKRT was 1.99 (1.91-2.13). CONCLUSIONS The fixed citrate to blood flow ratio, as opposed to a titration approach, achieves adequate circuit iCa (< 0.4 mm/L) for any hematocrit level and plasma flow. The personalized dosing approach for calcium supplementation based on pre-calculated effluent calcium losses as opposed to the practice of "one starting dose for all" reduces the risk of clinically significant hypocalcemia. The fixed flow settings achieve clinically desirable steady state systemic electrolyte levels.
The correct original spelling of Bartram’s Ixia (Ixia caelestina: Iridaceae)

For optimal communication, each taxonomic name ideally has one proper spelling. The specific epithet of Bartram’s Ixia has usually been spelled as coelestina, which is incorrect and contrary to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. In the protologue, Bartram originally spelled it as caelestina, which is an acceptable Latin form that ought to be adopted. The ae variant has been utilized and accepted for names of several other taxa since Bartram. The proper spelling of the basionym of Bartram’s Ixia is Ixia caelestina.
Beyond Articulation Agreements: Fostering Success for Community College Transfer Students in STEM

Using data from a south-west alliance between two-year colleges and four-year universities, this study provides insight into the needed resources at partner institutions to promote the successful t...
The impact of fullerenes on the ordering of polyacrylonitrile during nanocomposites formation

Abstract The production of polymer nanocomposites from solution consists of the mixing of the polymer and nanoparticle in solution and subsequent evaporation of the solvent. We examine the formation of polyacrylonitrile and C60 fullerene nanocomposites, with a focus on monitoring these two steps. The results of this study indicate that the nanoparticles are individually dispersed with the polymer chains in solution prior to deposition and in the final film. As the solution becomes more concentrated, the nanoparticles are sequestered to the outer edges of the polymer crystals, altering the detected crystal structure. The self-assembled structure of the crystalline polymer is directed by the addition of C60 and manifests itself as a peak in small-angle X-ray scattering on a length scale of ∼150 A. The results suggest that the non-covalent molecular interactions between C60 and polyacrylonitrile matrix are sufficiently strong to alter the self-assembled morphology of the polymer and the meso- and nanoscale structures in the nanocomposite.
A Window on Science: Exploring the JASON Project and Student Conceptions of Science

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to describe how the JASON project was implemented in a self-contained fourth grade classroom and to examine this project within the overall context of student--scientist partnership (SSP) models of science education reform. Additionally, this study examined and described any changes in student conceptions of the nature of science as a result of participating in JASON. The primary sources of data were verbatim transcripts derived from semistructured student and teacher interviews along with notes acquired through participant observation. Overall, results indicate that the project had a notable impact on short-term attainment of science content for participants, however little change was seen in their conceptions of the nature of science. Technology was underutilized across all areas of the program and there was essentially no communication between students and scientists. These findings are related to the instructional decisions of the classroom teacher which were directly influenced by the professional development workshop available for this program. Although this project has great promise to serve as an excellent model for bringing students and scientists together to facilitate an understanding of the nature of science, that potential was not realized.
Gp96-Ig DNA transfer into muscle by electroporation induces antigen specific cellular immune responses (VAC12P.1027)

The secreted gp96 vaccine approach is based on the use of cellular vaccines (293 cells) that continuously secrete gp96-Ig associated with antigenic peptides that are cross presented to CD8 T cells in vivo. Cellular gp96 vaccines are highly active in generation CTL for cancer therapy and SIV prophylaxis. Here, we investigate the use of gp96-Ig cDNA as vaccine platform. An optimized electroporation approach was used to deliver the B45 plasmid encoding secreted gp96-Ig and HIV-gag-gfp or ovalbumin genes. The B45 plasmid is a bovine papilloma virus derived vector from which the potentially transforming genes E5, E6, and E7 have been removed as well as the L1 and L2 viral capsid genes. The plasmid (50ug) was injected into the muscle (musculus tibialis anterior) of C57/Bl6 mice followed by electric field pulse that induced temporary and reversible pores in the muscle cell membrane. 48h after i.m. injection and EP-delivery, we found gfp (HIV-gag-gfp) expression in the muscle cells. To determine gp96-Ig secretion and cross presentation to CD8 cells we used cDNA for ovalbumin as antigen in conjunction with gp96-Ig and expansion of OT-I TCR-transgenic cells as readout. Vaccination by electroporation increased the frequency of OT-I in the spleen and in the mucosal compartment (lamina propria, small intestine).This simple, efficient and reproducible method of delivery may have great potential for further development of DNA gp96-Ig vaccination.
Chapter Six A mutational approach to dissection of flavonoid biosynthesis in arabidopsis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of mutational approaches in Arabidopsis for the identification of regulatory factors controlling flavonoid gene expression and for understanding the mechanism of transport of flavonoids into the vacuole, the role of flavonoids in auxin transport, and the intracellular organization of the pathway as a membrane-associated multienzyme complex. The use of the flavonoid pathway to test the feasibility of a new method of mutagenesis, involving expression of reeombinant scFv antibodies in transgenic plants, is also discussed. Together, these studies provide a good example of how classical genetic approaches can be combined with contemporary technologies to dissect the biochemistry, cell biology, and physiological functions of plant metabolism. The Arabidopsis flavonoid pathway is also providing a useful experimental model for efforts to understand fundamental properties of plant metabolism, including its subcellular organization. Arabidopsis is clearly proving to be a useful complement to maize, petunia, snapdragon, and other plant species for the ongoing dissection of the complexities of flavonoid biosynthesis and cellular metabolism in general.
Mobile computing business factors and operating systems

This chapter introduces the enormous impact of mobile computing on both companies and individuals. Companies face many issues related to mobile computing. For example: which devices will be supported by the organization? which devices will fulfill the business objectives? which form factor will win? which features and networks will future devices offer? which operating systems will they run? what will all this cost? what are the security issues involved? what are the business drivers? This chapter will discuss the major business drivers in the mobile computing field, and provide an analysis of the top two operating systems that are currently running the majority of mobile devices. These platforms are the 1) Palm operating system (OS), and 2) Microsoft Windows CE operating system. The chapter will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each operating system and discuss market share and future growth.
Immunobiology of the Relationship of Echinostomes with Snail Intermediate Hosts

Over the last three to four decades, echinostomes have proven to be excellent model organisms to study the immunobiological interactions between snails and digenean parasites. In this chapter the use of the term “echinostome” will refer to the 37 collar spine species within the genus Echinostoma that have received attention, rather than to all members of the digenean order Echinostomatiformes, the superfamily Echinostomatoidea or the family Echinostomatidae. This chapter will mostly focus on two echinostome species, Echinostoma paraensei and Echinostoma caproni, that have been studied with respect to their interactions with the intermediate host, the planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Other echinostome species are mentioned when they are relevant to the discussion. Although some of the nomenclature for these species may be disputed, they will be designated by the names used in the original research papers.
Smart cars as autonomous intelligent agents

This paper presents a study on the behavior of smart cars by considering them as autonomous intelligent agents. In particular, a smart car could behave as autonomous agent by extracting information from the surrounding environment (road, highway) and determining its position in it, detecting the motion and tracking the behavioral patterns of other moving objects (automobiles) in its own surrounding space, exchanging information via internet with other moving objects (if possible) and negotiating its safety during travel with the other moving objects.
Rectifying electrical characteristics of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/ZnO heterostructure

We have fabricated a p–n junction, consisting of p-type manganite (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) and n-type ZnO layers grown on sapphire substrate. This junction exhibits excellent rectifying behavior over the temperature range 20–300 K. Electrical characteristics of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) film in this heterostructure are found to be strongly modified by the built-in electric field at the junction. It has been shown that by applying the external bias voltage, the thickness of the depletion layer, and hence, the electrical and magnetic characteristics of LSMO film can precisely be modified.We have fabricated a p–n junction, consisting of p-type manganite (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) and n-type ZnO layers grown on sapphire substrate. This junction exhibits excellent rectifying behavior over the temperature range 20–300 K. Electrical characteristics of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) film in this heterostructure are found to be strongly modified by the built-in electric field at the junction. It has been shown that by applying the external bias voltage, the thickness of the depletion layer, and hence, the electrical and magnetic characteristics of LSMO film can precisely be modified.
Radiometric assay of citrate condensing enzyme (citrate synthetase) in liver tissue and mitochondria.

Citrate synthetase activity was determined in samples of commercially available citrate condensing enzyme. We measured the amount of radioactive citrate formed from the condensation of carbon-14 labeled acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate. The labeled citrate was oxidized by oxidative bromination; 14CO2 evolved was collected and represented the amount of citrate synthesized. Enzyme activity as low as 10-4 µmol/min was measured reproducibly with this procedure. Results obtained with this assay compared closely with those of a widely used spectrophotometric assay in which Ellman’s SH-coupling reagent [5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoate)] is coupled with CoA released during the reaction. Accuracy of labeled citrate determination in the presence of labeled acetate or pyruvate was excellent. The method can be used to determine citrate synthetase activity in skeletal muscle, liver, and isolated liver mitochondria, or to study the fate of labeled citrate injected into animals.
Negotiating Love and Marriage in Contemporary Senegal: A Good Man Is Hard to Find

In Senegal, love, respect, and compatibility have historically figured into marital calculations, yet prospective husbands must also provide material support. After decades of stagnant economic growth, good providers are hard to find. In this article we examine two strategies that women employ in an attempt to achieve economic security: nonmarital sex and transnational marriage. Though recent anthropological literature proposes a global transition toward companionate marriage, evidence from Dakar suggests that Senegalese women are prioritizing short-term material gain over longer-term projects of social reproduction. Transnational marriage and nonmarital sexual relationships illuminate women’s new strategies to stabilize their social positions in increasingly precarious times. Resume: Au Senegal, les maris potentiels doivent certes fournir un soutien materiel a leur epouse cependant amour, respect et compatibilite ont historiquement egalement figure dans les calculs matrimoniaux. Apres des decennies de stagnation de la croissance economique, les bons chefs de famille sont difficiles a trouver. Dans cet article, nous examinons deux strategies que les femmes emploient pour tenter de parvenir a la securite economique: sexe hors mariage et mariage transnational. Bien que la recente litterature anthropologique propose une transition mondiale vers le mariage de compagnie, des temoignages provenant de Dakar indique que les femmes senegalaises privilegient les gains materiels a court terme par rapport aux projets de reproduction sociale a plus long terme. Le mariage transnational et les relations sexuelles hors mariage eclairent les nouvelles strategies des femmes pour stabiliser leur position sociale a une epoque de plus en plus precaire.
The Evolution and Changing Context of Social Work Education

The nature of social work education has changed dramatically over the course of my academic career: From the degree(s) required for a faculty position to the number of years of practice experience; from expectations for research and publication, to criteria for promotion and tenure; from residential instruction to distance education; from an emphasis on foundation curriculum to practice competencies and outcomes; and, from a commitment to service to a quest to be the highest “ranked” program within the highest ranked institution. Given that change is an ongoing phenomenon, it is difficult to anticipate curriculum direction or plan one’s career path with a high degree of certainty. The future is often determined by external events, fate, where you are at a specific time, the assistance of others, and the opportunities that are presented. These changes and the evolution of social work education as a field of professional practice can best be demonstrated by reflecting on my own experiences in becoming a faculty member and serving in various academic positions over the last 45 years. The contrast between my personal experiences and those of the typical student in 2014 may help demonstrate some of the changes that have occurred in social work education over the intervening years.
Substituted-γ-lactones. XXIX. N-heterocycles via photolysis or thermolysis of 3-(2-azidophenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)furanone†

The thermolysis and/or photolysis of 3-(2-azidophenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)furanone offers a preparatively useful way towards the synthesis of indoles and quinolines. This method is superior over previously published methods which afforded these heterocycles in poor yields by the deoxygenative cyclization of 3-(2-nitrophenyImethylene)-4,5-dihydro-2-(3H)furanones. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 15, 703 (1978)
Analytical and numerical modeling of performance characteristics of cross-flow hydrokinetic turbines

A model for cross-flow axis hydrokinetic turbines based on blade element theory (BET) was developed. The model combines an extensive experimental and numerical high Reynolds number data set for symmetric airfoils with governing equations to predict performance characteristics of the turbines. The model allows for any number of turbine blades and for variable hydrofoil sweep angles; both straight blade (H-Darrieus) and helical blade (Gorlov) cross-flow axis turbines are modeled. In this model the free stream velocity and the turbine’s rate of rotation are not coupled hydrodynamically, and experimental calibration of the model for a specific turbine design is necessary. The calibrated model is then used with real inflow data from an actual tidal energy site to predict instantaneous power and energy yield over a period of time. Investigation of tip speed ratios allows for predictions of unsteady loadings, optimal performance and power outputs. The model provides the versatility to predict characteristics of many different shapes and sizes of cross-flow axis turbines. Through investigation of turbine stall characteristics predicted by the model, two, turbine-specific tip speed ratios of interest were determined: the critical and optimal tip speed ratios. The “critical tip speed ratio” is defined as the tip speed ratio above which there are no longer regions of negative torque during the turbine rotation. The “optimal tip speed ratio” is defined as the tip speed ratio for which the coefficient of torque, averaged over one rotation, is maximized. It is hypothesized that these tip speed ratios correspond to specific turbine operating points: A turbine operating under no load conditions will spin near the optimal tip speed ratio, and a turbine operating at peak power conditions will spin near the critical tip speed ratio.© 2011 ASME
Measurement of superficial dose from a static tomotherapy beam.

Superficial doses were measured for static TomoTherapy Hi-Art® beams for normal and oblique incidence. Dose was measured at depths ≤ 2 cm along the central axis of 40 × 5 cm 2 and 40 × 2.5 cm 2 beams at normal incidence for source to detector distances (SDDs) of 55, 70, and 85 cm. Measurements were also made at depths normal to the phantom surface for the same beams at oblique angles of 30 ° , 45 ° , 60 ° , 75 ° , and 83 ° from the normal. Data were collected with a Gammex/RMI model 449 parallel-plate chamber embedded in a solid water phantom and with LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLDs) in the form of powder. For comparison, measurements were made on a conventional 6 MV beam (Varian Clinac 2100C) at normal incidence and at an oblique angle of 60 ° from the normal. TomoTherapy surface dose varied with the distance from the source and the angle of incidence. For normal incidence, surface dose increased from 0.16 to 0.43 cGy/MU as the distance from the source decreased from 85 to 55 cm for the 40 × 5 cm 2 field and increased from 0.12 to 0.32 cGy/MU for the 40 × 2.5 cm 2 field. As the angle of incidence increased from 0 ° to 83 ° , surface dose increased from 0.24 to 0.63 cGy/MU for the 40 × 5 cm 2 field and from 0.18 to 0.58 cGy/MU for the 40 × 2.5 cm 2 field. For normal incidence at 55 cm SDD, the surface dose relative to the dose at d max for the 40 × 5 cm 2 TomoTherapy Hi-Art beam was 31 % less than that from a conventional, flattening filter based linear accelerator. These data should prove useful in accessing the accuracy of the TomoTherapy treatment planning system to predict the dose at superficial depths for a static beam delivery.