cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nanogenerator for energy harvesting from a rotating tire and its application as a self-powered pressure/speed sensor.

Harvesting unexploited energy in the living environment to power small electronic devices and systems is attracting increasing massive attention. [ 1–7 ] As the size of the devices has shrunk to the nanoor microscale, the power consumption also decreased to a modest level, i.e., the microwatts to milliwatts range. It is entirely possible to drive such a device by directly scavenging energy from its working environment. This self-powered technology makes periodic battery replacement or recharging no longer necessary and it is thus attractive for portable or inaccessible devices. Mechanical energy is a very conventional energy source in our living environment, with sources including the vibration of a bridge, friction in mechanical transmission systems, deformation in the tires of moving automobiles, etc., all of which are normally wasted. This form of energy is particularly important when other sources of energy, such as sun light or thermal gradients, are not available. A nanogenerator (NG) is designed to transfer such energy into electric energy by the piezoelectric effect. [ 8–14 ] The fundamental mechanism of a NG is that, when it is dynamically strained under an extremely small force, a piezoelectric potential is generated in the nanowire and a transient fl ow of electrons is induced in an external load, as driven by the piezopotential to balance the Fermi levels at the two contacts. For bicycles, cars, trucks, and even airplanes, a self-powered monitoring system for measuring the inner tire pressure is not only important for the safe operation of the transportation tool, but also for saving energy. In this work, a NG was integrated onto the inner surface of a bicycle tire, demonstrating the possibility for energy harvesting from the motion of automobiles. A small liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen was lit directly using a NG that scavenges mechanical energy from deformation of the tire during its motion. The effective working area of the nanogenerator was about 1.5 cm × 0.5 cm and the maximum output power density approached 70 μ W cm − 3 . Integration of many nanogenerators is presented for scale-up. Furthermore, the NG showed the potential to work as a self-powered tire-pressure sensor and speed detector. This work provides a simple demonstration of the broad application prospects of NGs in the fi eld of energy harvesting and self-powered systems.
The ethics of transcranial magnetic stimulation.

When Science publishes research using healthy human subjects, one assumes there was minimal risk and/or vital clinical value. This does not appear to be the case for the work by D. Knoch and colleagues (“Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex,” Reports, 3 Nov.
NITROGEN EXCRETION BY NEWBORN INFANTS DURING OXYGEN BREATHING.

Summary 1. An average N 2 -excretion curve has been determined for infants breathing oxygen. 2. Infants excrete relatively more nitrogen during oxygen breathing than do adults. 3. The infant excretion curve for nitrogen should probably be used for correction of nitrogen-washout studies in the newborn.
Cardiomyopathy Associated With Celiac Disease

Celiac disease or celiac sprue is predominantly a disease of the small intestine characterized by chronic malabsorption in genetically susceptible individuals who ingest grains containing gluten, such as wheat, barley, and rye. Although previously believed to be uncommon, celiac disease may be present in up to 1% of the general population. Celiac disease is associated frequently with iron deficiency anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis, selective IgA deficiency, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, and various connective tissue disorders but is rarely associated with cardiomyopathy. We describe a patient with celiac disease associated with cardiomyopathy whose cardiac function improved substantially after treatment with a gluten-free diet. Cardiomyopathy associated with celiac disease is a serious and potentially lethal condition. However, with early diagnosis and treatment with a gluten-free diet, cardiomyopathy in patients with celiac disease may be completely reversible.
Forest Overstory Effect on Soil Organic Carbon Storage: A Meta-analysis

A meta-analysis using 77 studies from 28 countries was performed to assess the effect of hardwood vs. conifer overstory on soil organic C (SOC) storage in forest floor (FF), mineral soil, and whole soil (FF + mineral soil). Overall, FF stocks were 38% higher under conifers, mineral SOC stocks were similar, and whole soil SOC was 14% higher under conifers. An analysis with six of the seven most reported tree genera reaffirmed higher FF and whole soil C stocks under conifer stands. Analysis with all seven of the genera showed more pronounced variability in mineral SOC results compared with the overall results. Eucalyptus was the only hardwood that stored significantly (17%) more SOC in the mineral soil than adjacent conifers. Picea was the only conifer that stored significantly (7%) more SOC in the mineral soil than hardwoods. Differences in FF SOC stocks had a limited predictive power in explaining the variability of mineral SOC stock differences, suggesting that they are not very closely linked with regard to SOC storage. Only when comparing FF SOC stocks among genera did precipitation, age difference, soil texture, and previous land use moderate SOC storage differences between conifers and hardwoods. In other cases, neither climate nor soil variables could explain differences between SOC stocks. Our findings suggest that using plant-trait-driven vegetation categories may be a more descriptive way of detecting vegetation effects on SOC.
Affinity labeling of a nerve growth factor receptor component on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.

Abstract Clonal PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells were sequentially incubated with 125I-labeled nerve growth factor and the photoreactive bifunctional agent hydroxysuccininidyl -p- azidobenzoate . This treatment effected the crosslinking of 125I nerve growth factor to a PC12 cell component that exhibits an apparent M r = 148 000–158 000 , and consists of a single polypeptide chain with internal disulfide bonds. The amount of label associated with this M r = 148 000–158 000 species was proportional to the degree of occupancy of nerve growth factor receptors by 125I-labeled nerve growth factor. Affinity labeling of this species was inhibited by the presence of 0.2 μM unlabeled nerve growth factor during incubation of PC12 cells with 125I nerve growth factor. In membranes prepared from PC12 cells hydroxysuccinimidyl -p- azidobenzoate effected the crosslinking of 125I-labeled nerve growth factor to an M r = 120 000–130 000 species but not to the M r = 148 000–158 000 component observed in intact cells. The kinetics of 125I nerve growth factor affinity labeling of the M r = 148 000–158 000 species closely paralleled the time-course of 125I nerve growth factor association to two kinetically distinct forms of nerve growth factor receptors in PC12 cells. The data indicate that the M r = 148 000–158 000 species affinity-labeled by 125I nerve growth factor is the native form of a component associated with kinetically different nerve growth factor receptors in PC12 cells.
Approximating the Dirac distribution for Fourier analysis

For some boundary or initial value problems, the presence of a Dirac distribution on the boundary or in the field results in finite solutions at some points in the domain. However, its presence leads to dificulties if the problem is solved analytically using a Fourier decomposition, since computation and presentation of the solution usually necessitate some sort of truncation. To circumvent this problem, the Dirac distribution is often approximated by a Gaussian distribution, which results in a very simple Fourier transform on an infinite domain. On a finite domain the transform is not as simple, but may still be computed. However, the derivative of the Gaussian is discontinuous on the finite domain, since the smooth function has been truncated. Thus a different approximation, the fi,-dstribution is proposed. This function satisfies the same criteria which make the Gaussian applicable as an approximation of the Dirac distribution on the infinite domain, but its derivative is continuous everywhere on the finite domain. This article presents a procedure for computing the Fourier coefficients of the b,-distribution. Since a large value of the order of the distribution is chosen to approximate the singular behavior, the integral for the Fourier coefficients must be evaluated using a Fourier-Bessel decomposition, which allows the computation to be carried out over large values of the Fourier index. The technique is illustrated with application to a simple twodimensional boundary value problem containing a singularity in the boundary condition. Convergence is significantly improved if the proposed distribution is used. Values of some Fourier coefficients of the p,-distribution are provided in an appendix for several values of its order.
Reconstruction of Hyperspectral Imagery From Random Projections Using Multihypothesis Prediction

Reconstruction of hyperspectral imagery from spectral random projections is considered. Specifically, multiple predictions drawn for a pixel vector of interest are made from spatially neighboring pixel vectors within an initial non-predicted reconstruction. A two-phase hypothesis-generation procedure based on partitioning and merging of spectral bands according to the correlation coefficients between bands is proposed to fine-tune the hypotheses. The resulting prediction is used to generate a residual in the projection domain. This residual being typically more compressible than the original pixel vector leads to improved reconstruction quality. To appropriately weight the hypothesis predictions, a distance-weighted Tikhonov regularization to an ill-posed least-squares optimization is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed reconstruction significantly outperforms alternative strategies not employing multihypothesis prediction.
Preference Exploration and Learning: The Role of Intensiveness and Extensiveness of Experience

In this article, the authors partition the construct of experience into intensiveness (i.e., amount) and extensiveness (i.e., breadth) and examine the impact of the two specific types of experience on preference learning. In the first three studies, the authors’ theory that experience can be partitioned into intensiveness (i.e., amount) and extensiveness (i.e., breadth) of experience and that extensiveness has a greater impact on preference learning is supported in environments where prior experience is measured. Further, in study 4 they demonstrate that extensiveness or breadth of experience exerts a larger influence on preference learning in an experiment where each unique type of experience is manipulated as well as measured.
Burkitt lymphoma: pathogenesis and immune evasion

B-cell lymphomas arise at distinct stages of cellular development and maturation, potentially influencing antigen (Ag) presentation and T-cell recognition. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly malignant B-cell tumor associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Although BL can be effectively treated in adults and children, leading to high survival rates, its ability to mask itself from the immune system makes BL an intriguing disease to study. In this paper, we will provide an overview of BL and its association with EBV and the c-myc oncogene. The contributions of EBV and c-myc to B-cell transformation, proliferation, or attenuation of cellular network and immune recognition or evasion will be summarized. We will also discuss the various pathways by which BL escapes immune detection by inhibiting both HLA class I- and II-mediated Ag presentation to T cells. Finally, we will provide an overview of recent developments suggesting the existence of BL-associated inhibitory molecules that may block HLA class II-mediated Ag presentation to CD4+ T cells, facilitating immune escape of BL.
The design of a lockup-free cache for high-performance multiprocessors

High-performance multiprocessors must incorporate a high-bandwidth, short-latency memory aggregate to support maximal processor utilization. Cache memories are often used to meet this requirement. The performance of cache-based, shared-memory multiprocessors can suffer greatly from moderate cache miss rates because of the usually high ratio between memory-access and cache-access times. In this paper we propose a lockup-free cache design in which the handling of one or several cache misses is overlapped with processor activity. In multiprocessors, lockup-free caches aggravate the memory coherence problem. Three different cache architectures relying on different compiler interventions are introduced. A performance model demonstrates the usefulness of lockup-free caches for high-performance processors. The merits and disadvantages of the three schemes are discussed and compiler techniques, to take advantage of the proposed designs, are illustrated at the end of the paper.
HISTORICAL ISOLATION, RANGE EXPANSION, AND SECONDARY CONTACT OF TWO HIGHLY DIVERGENT MITOCHONDRIAL LINEAGES IN SPOTTED SALAMANDERS (AMBYSTOMA MACULATUM)

The high species diversity of aquatic and terrestrial faunas in eastern North America has been attributed to range reductions and allopatric diversification resulting from historical climate change. The role these processes may have played in speciation is still a matter of considerable debate; however, their impacts on intraspecific genetic structure have been well documented. We use mitochondrial DNA sequences to reconstruct an intraspecific phylogeny of the widespread North American spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, and test whether phylogenetic patterns conform to regional biogeographical hypotheses about the origins of diversity in eastern North America. Specifically, we address the number and locations of historical refugia, the extent and patterns of postglacial colonization by divergent lineages, and the origin and affinities of populations in the Interior Highland region. Despite apparent morphological uniformity, genetic discontinuities throughout the range of this species suggest that populations were historically fragmented in at least two refugia in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The ranges of these two highly divergent clades expanded northward, resulting in two widely distributed lineages that are sympatric in regions previously proposed as suture zones for other taxa. The evolutionary history of spotted salamander populations underscores the generality of biogeographical processes in eastern North America: despite differences in population size, glacial refugia, and vagility, similar signatures of differentiation are evident among and within widespread taxa.
Behavior of Acartia tonsa in patchy food environments

Motility of individual female Acartia tonsa in response to patchiness of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii was investigated with a digitizing technique and standard video recordings. Motility, measured as 10-s displacement, was reduced after 24 h of starvation but was unaffected by 4 h of starvation; it increased temporarily after transfer from food to filtered seawater. When food was present only in the upper half of the aquarium, copepods spent most of their time there and produced as many fecal pellets as in homogeneous food distributions. Detailed video analysis showed that feeding bout frequency was higher and jump frequency lower in the presence of food than in filtered seawater. Copepods performed fast vertical ascents by repetitive jumps to reach the food layer from greater distances; by such behavior they were able to remain in food layers only 30 mm thick placed in the middle of a 200-mm column of filtered seawater. Even with such thin layers of food, copepods produced as many fecal pellets as in homogeneous food distributions over 2-h periods. Fast response to food and strong ability to remain inside patches probably is crucial for copepods confronted with ephemeral or thin patches of food.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF ESTRADIOL AND STILBESTROL UPON THE BLOOD, LIVER, AND BONE MARROW1

THE SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN, 4,4-dihydroxy, αβ diethylstilbene (stilbestrol) has been subjected to intensive clinical investigation during the past 2 years. It has been demonstrated that this diphenolic estrogenic substance is capable of relieving the symptoms brought about by a deficiency of the ovarian hormone and that it has a high potency when it is compared with the available estrogens derived from natural sources. In some instances, however, the administration of stilbestrol has been accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, the most frequent of which is nausea, either with or without vomiting. The reported incidence of nausea as reported by different investigators has ranged from 7 to 80%. Among other less frequent disagreeable manifestations which have been reported are abdominal cramps, headaches, edema, rashes, jaundice, salivation, diarrhea and paresthesia. It has been suggested, but without conclusive evidence, that the liver may be damaged.
INTERMACS and MedaMACS: How Will They Guide Future Therapy?

The INTERMACS registry has played a central role in the evolving field of device therapy for advanced heart failure (HF). This nationwide, prospective registry of approved assist devices has defined the boundaries of mechanical support, tracked the evolution from pulsatile to continuous flow, developed new profiles for advanced HF, and standardized adverse event definitions. INTERMACS has guided current therapy and in the future will do so aided by new insights from MedaMACS, a parallel registry of medically-managed ambulatory patients with advanced HF. Together INTERMACS and MedaMACS will leverage the power of observation research to guide patient-centered decisions about mechanical circulatory support.
A prototype miniaturized chip for bio-imaging applications

We demonstrate a prototype miniaturized chip for bio-imaging based on semiconductor LEDs. The Epifluorescent images under direct LED illuminations are comparable to the images captured with commercial systems employing solid-state-laser illumination through standard filter sets.
Effects of high-salt diet on CYP450-4A ω-hydroxylase expression and active tone in mesenteric resistance arteries

This study investigated the role of changes in the expression of the cytochrome P-450 4A (CYP450-4A) enzymes that produce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in modulating the responses of ra...
Spine deformity in spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy was first reported by Guido Werdnig in 1891, when he described “Two hereditary cases of progressive muscular atrophy appearing as dystrophy, but on a neurotic basis.”1 A year later, Professor Johann Hoffmann of the University of Heidelberg used the term “spinale muskelatrophie.”2 These initial descriptions were the first to correlate the clinical findings of these patients with the histological analysis that demonstrated a lack of anterior horn cells with the normal number of motor neurons. Although classification systems such as the one described by Byers and Banker3 have been developed to aid physicians in making a prognosis for these patients, spinal muscular atrophy is an extremely heterogeneous condition in which clinical manifestations as well as life span vary widely. The classification system of Byers and Banker is the one that is most often used; however, neurologists have used a slightly different nomenclature that is based primarily on the age of the patient at the time of onset of symptoms. Spinal muscular atrophy, a genetic disease affecting the anterior horn cells, occurs with a prevalence of eight in 100,000 live births1,2. It is the most common fatal neuromuscular disease of infancy and the third most common neuromuscular diagnosis in children who are eighteen years of age or less. The classification of spinal muscular atrophy (according to the classification system of Byers and Banker3) is based on the severity of disease and is related to the age at the time of clinical onset. ### Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 (Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease) Type-1 atrophy is the most severe form of spinal muscular atrophy. It is usually diagnosed at birth or in the first few months of life, and it often leads to death as a result of respiratory failure before the child reaches two years of age. There are often …
SOME PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE GUINEA PIG HEMOGLOBIN.

1. Guinea pig hemoglobin crystals are shown to be readily permeable to ferricyanide and hydrosulfite, indicating the presence of interstices between the protein molecules of the crystal. 2. The assumptions of closest hexagonal packing and of spherical molecules of HbO2 lead to a crystal lattice having interstices between the molecules which represent 25 per cent by volume of the crystal. These spaces would be just large enough at their narrowest junctures to permit ferricyanide ions to diffuse through them. If these spaces were filled with water, then 20 per cent by weight of the crystals would be water. 3. The hemes are on the surface of the globin and are arranged facing the interstices between the molecules of the lattice. 4. The binding of O2 in HbO2 is stronger in the crystal lattice than in solution. 5. Hydrogen, activated with colloidal palladium, will not reduce ferrihemoglobin except in the presence of a redox dye. 6. In the reduction of O2 by activated hydrogen, H2O2 can be demonstrated by the formation of the H2O2-ferrihemoglobin spectrum.
Pushover Response of a Braced Frame with Suspended Zipper Struts

This paper presents the results from an experimental pushover test on a one-third-scale model of a special inverted-V-braced steel frame with zipper struts. Zipper elements are vertical elements added at the intersections of the braces above the first floor and designed to carry upward the unbalanced loads resulting from buckling of the braces. As far as the writers know, this is the first test on such a configuration that has been suggested as an alternate to conventional braced frames in the American Institute of Steel Construction seismic specification for many years. The model was pushed to a target roof drift ratio of +3.58%, which was achieved without strength degradation and followed a trilinear backbone curve. The load was then reversed until the bottom story brace in tension fractured at a drift of -0.78%. After this fracture, the frame still carried about 37% of the maximum base shear. The zipper elements demonstrated their ability to activate buckling in all stories except the top one, redistributing the loads in the structure and minimizing strength losses. Two-dimensional and one three-dimensional frame models were analyzed and found to reproduce satisfactorily the experimental results up to the beginning of tearing in the tension brace.
Abdominal musculature abnormalities as a cause of groin pain in athletes Inguinal hernias and pubalgia

There has been increasing interest within the European sports medicine community regarding the etiology and treatment of groin pain in the athlete. Groin pain is most commonly caused by musculotendinous strains of the adductors and other muscles crossing the hip joint, but may also be related to abdominal wall abnormalities. Cases may be termed "pubalgia" if physical examination does not reveal inguinal hernia and there is an absence of other etiology for groin pain. We present nine cases of patients who underwent herniorrhaphies for groin pain. Two patients had groin pain without evidence of a hernia preoperatively (pubalgia). In the remaining seven patients we determined the presence of a hernia by physical examination. At operation, eight patients were found to have inguinal hernias. One patient had no hernia but had partial avulsion of the internal oblique fibers from their insertion at the public tubercle. The average interval from operation to return to full activity was 11 weeks. All patients returned to full activity within 3 months of surgery. One patient had persistent symptoms of mild incisional tenderness, but otherwise there were no recurrences, complications, or persistence of symptoms. Abnormalities of the abdominal wall, including inguinal hernias and microscopic tears or avulsions of the internal oblique muscle, can be an overlooked source of groin pain in the athlete. Operative treatment of this condition with herniorrhaphy can return the athlete to his sport within 3 months.
Radiocarbon dates from abandoned penguin colonies in the Antarctic Peninsula region

Sixty-three radiocarbon dates on organic remains from 2 1 abandoned colonies of chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Adelie (P. adelrae) penguins on 12 islands in the Antarctic Peninsula region are evaluated for determining the occupation history of penguins in this region. This record also provides a means for assessing sea-level change, glacial advances and retreats, and population responses by penguins to these events. All conventional dateswere correctedfor the marine-carbon reservoir effect by applying a AR= 700 f 50 BP and marine calibration curves. The 63 calibrated dates give 20 ranges (95% confidence intervals) from modern to 5990 yr BP. These dates indicate progressively older occupations from north to south along the Antarctic Peninsula. No sites older than approximately 540 BP occur in the northern peninsula, either because they have not yet been found or older sites have been destroyed by solifluction and glacial scouring. Three dates from one locality near Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, also were calibrated with a AR = 750 f 50 and 800 f 50 BP. No difference was found behveen calibrated dates using these two other ARvalues, indicating that local corrections for variation in upwelling intensity may not be necessary.
A multilevel analysis of factors influencing the adoption of Internet Banking

The Internet is an outcome of the convergence of multiple technologies and its applications have the potential to strongly influence many industries. Focusing on the banking industry, we examine the factors that influence the adoption of the Internet at three levels of analysis: the external context of the industry; the industry; and the firm. At the external context level, we analyze how the development of a favorable external context facilitates the adoption of a new technological application: Internet banking. At the industry level, we examine the types of innovations that a new technological application engenders, the role incumbents, and new entrants play in promoting the adoption of Internet banking, and other factors that impact the speed of Internet banking diffusion. At the firm level, we examine differences in banks' strategies and organizational designs associated with the adoption of Internet banking as an added delivery channel versus as a separate business. We conclude by discussing unique features in the emergence and adoption of Internet banking and its potential performance implications.
Major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype diversity in Chinese rhesus macaques.

The use of Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) for infectious disease immunity research is increasing despite the relative lack of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics information available for this population. We determined transcript-based MHC class I haplotypes for 385 Chinese rhesus macaques from five different experimental cohorts, providing a concise representation of the full complement of MHC class I major alleles expressed by each animal. In total, 123 Mamu-A and Mamu-B haplotypes were defined in the full Chinese rhesus macaque cohort. We then performed an analysis of haplotype frequencies across the experimental cohorts of Chinese rhesus macaques, as well as a comparison against a group of 96 Indian rhesus macaques. Notably, 35 of the 51 Mamu-A and Mamu-B haplotypes observed in Indian rhesus macaques were also detected in the Chinese population, with 85% of the 385 Chinese-origin rhesus macaques expressing at least one of these class I haplotypes. This unexpected conservation of Indian rhesus macaque MHC class I haplotypes in the Chinese rhesus macaque population suggests that immunologic insights originally gleaned from studies using Indian rhesus macaques may be more applicable to Chinese rhesus macaques than previously appreciated and may provide an opportunity for studies of CD8+ T-cell responses between populations. It may also be possible to extend these studies across multiple species of macaques, as we found evidence of shared ancestral haplotypes between Chinese rhesus and Mauritian cynomolgus macaques.
VERTICAL FLOW SYSTEMS – EFFECTS OF TIME AND ACIDITY RELATIONS

The characteristics of the 29 vertical flow systems reported on by Rose and Dietz (2002) have been reevaluated based on 2 years additional experience and revised understanding of acidity. Data on several additional systems have been collected. If measured hot acidity is interpreted as net acidity that includes the effects of alkalinity (vs. net acidity = acidity minus alkalinity), many systems remove slightly less acidity and fewer VFS produce net alkaline water. Rates of acidity removal (g/m 2 /d) are somewhat lower, and the typical value is about 34 rather than 40 g/m 2 /d. If non-Mn acidity is taken as the critical parameter, the sizing parameter for non-acid effluent is about 35 g/m 2 /d. Systems with fine limestone in the compost do about twice as well and appear to be a solution for high-Al discharges. Over the past 2 years, at least 5 of the systems have markedly decreased in effectiveness. Problems have been accumulation of excess ferric hydroxide precipitate on top of the compost, pipe plugging, channeling, and Al coating causing decreased reaction rate with limestone.
Update Propagation Algorithms for Supporting Disconnected Write in Mobile Wireless Systems with Data Broadcasting Capability

We develop and analyze algorithms for propagating updates by mobile hosts in wireless client---server environments that support disconnected write operations, with the goal of minimizing the tuning time for update propagation to the server. These algorithms allow a mobile host to update cached data objects while disconnected and propagate the updates to the server upon reconnection for conflict resolutions. We investigate two algorithms applicable to mobile systems in which invalidation reports/data can be broadcast to mobile hosts periodically. We show that there exists an optimal broadcasting period under which the tuning time is minimized for update propagations. We perform a comparative analysis between these two update propagation algorithms that rely on broadcasting data and an algorithm that does not, and identify conditions under which an algorithm should be applied to reduce the total tuning time for update propagation by the mobile user to save the valuable battery power and avoid high communication cost. For real-time applications, we address the tradeoff between tuning time and access time with the goal to select the best update propagation algorithm that can minimize the tuning time while satisfying the imposed real-time deadline constraint. The analysis result is applicable to file/data objects that mobile users may need to modify while on the move.
Final Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial With VAMP and Low-Dose Involved-Field Radiation for Children With Low-Risk Hodgkin's Disease

Purpose To evaluate outcome and assess complications in children and adolescents with low-risk Hodgkin's disease treated with vinblastine, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and prednisone (VAMP) chemotherapy and low-dose, involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT). Patients and Methods One hundred ten children with low-risk Hodgkin's disease were treated with four cycles of VAMP and 15 Gy IFRT for those who achieved a complete response (CR) or 25.5 Gy for those with a partial response after two cycles of VAMP. Results With median follow-up of 9.6 years (range, 1.7 to 15.0), 5- and 10-year overall survival were 99.1% and 96.1%, respectively, and 5-and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) were 92.7% and 89.4%. Factors contributing to 10-year EFS were: early CR (P = .02), absence of B symptoms (P = .01), lymphocyte predominant histologic subtype (P = .04), and less than three initial sites of disease (P = .02). Organ toxicity has been limited to correctable hypothyroidism in 42% of irradiated patients, and one case of ca...
Low capacitance, high speed phototransistors with a large absorption region

Increasing the sensitivity of optical receivers is of paramount importance to reduce the energy cost of optical communications [1]. For this, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the front-end detector and amplifier must be improved. A very efficient way of achieving this is to introduce gain right at the detection level. Avalanche photo detectors (APDs) are a common approach for this, but bipolar phototransistors (BPTs) also offer a potential solution to the problem, without the need for high voltage or the detriment brought in by the inherent excess noise in avalanche mechanisms. Nevertheless BPTs have never reached very high speeds [2] or low enough capacitance to truly compete with APDs [3]. Here we propose a new way of making BPTs, which greatly enhances the speed of the phototransistor, while enabling it to keep a large absorption volume and low capacitance.
Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies: Guidelines for the Counseling Profession.

In 2014, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) appointed a committee to revise the Multicultural Counseling Competencies developed by Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis in 1992 and operationalized by Arredondo et al. in 1996. This article reflects the updated competencies, titled the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC; Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015a), which were endorsed by AMCD on June 29, 2015, and by the American Counseling Association on July 20, 2015. A conceptual framework of the MSJCC visually depicts the relationships among the competencies' key constructs: multicultural and social justice praxis, quadrants, domains, and competencies. Implications are discussed. En 2014, la Asociacion para la Consejeria y el Desarrollo Multicultural (AMCD, en sus siglas en ingles) formo un comite para revisar las Competencias en Consejeria Multicultural desarrolladas por Sue, Arredondo y McDavis en 1992 y operacionalizadas por Arredondo et al. en 1996. Este articulo refleja las competencias actualizadas, denominadas Competencias en Consejeria Multicultural y de Justicia Social (MSJCC, en sus siglas en ingles; Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, 2015a), que fueron avaladas por la AMCD el 29 de junio de 2015 y por la Asociacion Americana de Consejeria el 20 de julio de 2015. Un marco conceptual de las MSJCC muestra visualmente las relaciones entre los constructos principales de las competencias: la praxis multicultural y en justicia social, los cuadrantes, dominios y competencias. Se discuten las implicaciones.
Theories, Mechanisms and Patterns of Microbiome Species Coexistence in an Era of Climate Change

Understanding the mechanisms of microbiome species coexistence is one of the major challenges confronted by microbiome ecologists today. Recent research largely advocates that the niche, biogeographic, and neutral/stochastic processes interactively determine the microbiome community composition across spatio-temporal scales in the ecosystem. However, current research is mainly exploratory and descriptive, and it is still difficult to link the observed microbiome species or functional trait diversity patterns to the ecosystem functioning on local, regional, and global scales. Similarly, whether and how climate and land-use changes impact the patterns of microbiome functional ecology remains to be studied. Moreover, little is known about how climate and land-use changes are linked to evolution or loss of microbial functional traits. Future research should nevertheless investigate the patterns of microbiome functional diversity across the velocity of climate and land-use changes, and attempt to integrate the patterns with functions in broader contexts of functional traits and community ecology.
G protein activation inhibits amiloride-blockable highly selective sodium channels in A6 cells

Single-channel methods were used to examine the regulation of amiloride-blockable highly selective sodium channels by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). A6 cells (a renal cell line d...
Selected ICAR Data from the SAPA-Project: Development and Initial Validation of a Public-Domain Measure

These data were collected during the initial evaluation of the International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR) project. ICAR is an international collaborative effort to develop open-source public-domain tools for cognitive ability assessment, including tools that can be administered in non-proctored environments (e.g., online administration) and those which are based on automatic item generation algorithms. These data provide initial validation of the first four ICAR item types as reported in Condon & Revelle [1]. The 4 item types contain a total of 60 items: 9 Letter and Number Series items, 11 Matrix Reasoning items, 16 Verbal Reasoning items and 24 Three-dimensional Rotation items. Approximately 97,000 individuals were administered random subsets of these 60 items using the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment method between August 18, 2010 and May 20, 2013. The data are available in rdata and csv formats and are accompanied by documentation stored as a text file. Re-use potential includes a wide range of structural and item-level analyses.
Kleptoparasitism in Pikas (Ochotona princeps): Theft of Hay

Kleptoparasitism, a tendency of individuals to steal resources from other animals, may reduce many of the costs associated with traditional foraging. We measured the frequency of kleptoparasitism of caches (haypiles) in three North American populations of pikas ( Ochotona princeps ). Kleptoparasitism was not expressed in some populations and was of variable frequency in others. Both genders engaged equally in the behavior, and all animals stole from nearest neighbors, who were usually of the opposite sex. To compare the frequency of robbing from protected versus unprotected caches, we created haypiles in unoccupied territories in the talus. Pikas robbed frequently from these caches. Cache defense may be the primary deterrent of kleptoparasites, but other factors such as nepotism may explain the low frequency of the behavior.
Predictors of Hepatitis B Vaccine Acceptance in Health Care Workers

This article examines the relative importance of occupational, epidemiologic, and attitudinal factors in hepatitis B vaccine acceptance. A stratified random sample of 1,018 health care workers at risk for occupational blood exposure at our university hospital were contacted in 1992 and 919 (90%) participated. Potential reasons for vaccine acceptance or refusal were evaluated with factor analysis. Logistic regression models were calibrated on a stratified random subsample to identify independent predictors of initiating and completing the series, then validated on the remaining subjects. Fifty-four percent (482 of 898) of previously nonimmune workers had completed the series, while 70% (626) had received one or more doses. Hepatitis B vaccine acceptance was related strongly to social influence (physicians, supervisors, role models, friends, and spouse) and knowledge of the disease and vaccine, whereas refusal was primarily related to concern about vaccine side effects and problems with vaccine access. Independent predictors of initiating the vaccine series included younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.98 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI95] 0.96-0.997), occupation (housestaff: OR 2.9, CI95 1.1-7.9; nurses: OR 2.1, CI95 1.0-4.3 versus housekeepers), increased blood exposure frequency (OR 2.4, CI95 1.6-3.5 for 1-6 versus 0 exposures in past year), and increased frequency of recent influenza vaccination (OR 3.3, CI95 2.0-5.3 for 1 versus 0 doses in prior 3 years). Occupation (increased acceptance among housestaff, nurses, nursing assistants, laboratory technicians), increased frequency of blood exposure, and recent influenza vaccination also were predictors of series completion. Factors such as occupation, blood exposure frequency and acceptance of other preventive services may help identify health care worker groups with low vaccine acceptance most likely to benefit from targeted vaccine delivery. Hepatitis B vaccine should be offered routinely during evaluation for occupational blood exposure. Future vaccine implementation efforts should emphasize the involvement of physicians and supervisors and education about occupational disease risk, liability, and the safety of the vaccine.
Singing Off Charnel Steps: Lessons for a Preceptor

Central among the sacred texts transformed by Emily Dickinson for her poetic purposes were the King James Version of the Bible and the hymns of Isaac Watts. The martial imagery prevalent in Dickinson’s poems, early and late, was a pervasive presence in the Bible and in Watts — familiar to her from childhood on.1 A hymn by Watts titled ‘Holy Fortitude; or, The Christian Soldier’ includes stanzas that provide an answer to an opening question (‘Am I a soldier of the cross?’): Sure I must fight, if I would reign; Increase my courage, Lord; I’ll bear the toil, endure the pain, Supported by thy word. Thy saints, in all this glorious war, Shall conquer, though they die; They view the triumph from afar, And seize it with their eye.2 Watts’s hymn is listed, in the ‘New Index of Subjects’ prepared for the 1834 edition owned by Edward Dickinson, under the heading: ‘Warfare, spiritual.’3
Cutting Temperature and Thermal Analysis

During cutting, high temperatures are generated in the region of the tool cutting edge as a form of cutting energy dissipation. These temperatures have a controlling influence on the rate of wear of the cutting tool and on the friction between the chip and tool, and they can significantly affect the functional performance of a machined part due to residual stress or thermal distortion. Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to the measurement and prediction of the temperatures in the tool, chip, and workpiece in metal cutting.
Do exchange rate changes have symmetric or asymmetric effects on the trade balances of Asian countries

ABSTRACTRecently the linear ARDL approach was modified and a non-linear version of the same approach that is used mostly to assess asymmetric effects of some exogenous variables on the dependent variable was introduced. The non-linear model was recently used by one study to show that indeed exchange rate changes have asymmetric effects on the trade balance of a few advanced countries. The same was demonstrated for transition economies by another study. In this article, we provide additional asymmetric effects from seven Asian economies by showing that in most cases we find evidence of short-run and long-run asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance. Like other studies, our findings are country specific.
A Theory of Resonance

The metaphor of resonance often describes the fit between a message and an audience’s worldviews. Yet scholars have largely ignored the cognitive processes audiences use to interpret messages and i...
Isolation and Tissue Distribution of an Insulin-Like Androgenic Gland Hormone (IAG) of the Male Red Deep-Sea Crab, Chaceon quinquedens

The insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) found in decapod crustaceans is known to regulate sexual development in males. IAG is produced in the male-specific endocrine tissue, the androgenic gland (AG); however, IAG expression has been also observed in other tissues of decapod crustacean species including Callinectes sapidus and Scylla paramamosain. This study aimed to isolate the full-length cDNA sequence of IAG from the AG of male red deep-sea crabs, Chaceon quinquedens (ChqIAG), and to examine its tissue distribution. To this end, we employed polymerase chain reaction cloning with degenerate primers and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length ChqIAG cDNA sequence (1555 nt) includes a 366 nt 5' untranslated region a 453 nt open reading frame encoding 151 amino acids, and a relatively long 3' UTR of 733 nt. The ORF consists of a 19 aa signal peptide, 32 aa B chain, 56 aa C chain, and 44 aa A chain. The putative ChqIAG amino acid sequence is most similar to those found in other crab species, including C. sapidus and S. paramamosain, which are clustered together phylogenetically.
The complex effects of demographic history on the estimation of substitution rate: concatenated gene analysis results in no more than twofold overestimation.

Our recent estimation of the divergence time and isolation of Death Valley pupfishes, including the iconic Devil's Hole pupfish (DHP), rewrote widespread assumptions about this group. These species were previously assumed to be relic populations isolated over millions of years; our genomic analyses indicated recent colonization of Devil's Hole within the past 105–830 years and frequent gene flow among Death Valley populations [1]. These results understandably attracted substantial attention given the iconic battle for conservation and intense management of DHP [2]; nonetheless, a young age for this species should not diminish its conservation value. Indeed, we argue that the unique natural history of this species makes it a prime candidate for exhibiting one of the fastest mutation rates observed in any vertebrate [3]. Saglam et al . [4] argue that we overestimated the substitution rate, the rate at which mutations occur and fix between lineages over time, in pupfishes due to our analysis of a concatenated dataset of RADseq loci and therefore underestimated the age of DHP. Specifically, Saglam et al . argue that a multi-species coalescent analysis would remove our bias and provide strikingly different results. Here, we test this assumption by reanalysing our original RADseq dataset under a multi-species coalescent model and comparing the estimated substitution rates to an analysis of concatenated RADseq loci. It is well known that divergence times estimated from concatenated, multi-gene analyses can overestimate species divergence times due to older gene-tree divergence compared with the true species-tree divergence time, a fact that we both cited [5] and demonstrated in our study: our concatenated gene analysis estimated DHP divergence at 2500–6500 years (fig. 2 of [1]) versus our coalescent analysis using dadi [6 …
Mystery and Secrecy in Paul

Paul's religious worldview reflects an apocalyptic orientation common in Second Temple Judaism in Palestine. Paul uses the term "mystery" in two of his letters. It occurs six times in 1 Corinthians and twice in Romans. This chapter wants to take up (1) the use of the term "mystery" in 1 Cor 1:10-4:21 and Rom 16; (2) in 1 Cor 13 and 14; (3) and in 1 Cor 15 and Rom 11. It also discusses (4) Paul's references to "secrets." An important part of Paul's role as a "steward of the mysteries" is his interpretation of the scriptures as given to him in revelatory experiences by the Spirit of God. Paul treats "secrecy" and "secrets" rather infrequently in his letters. The Greek root krupt - occurs three times in 1 Corinthians, once in 2 Corinthians, and twice in Romans. In concluding remarks the author discusses the issue of esotericism in Paul's congregations. Keywords:divine mystery; Paul; second temple judaism; secrecy