cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations among unit leadership and unit climates for implementation in acute care: a cross-sectional study.

Nurse managers have a pivotal role in fostering unit climates supportive of implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in care delivery. EBP leadership behaviors and competencies of nurse managers and their impact on practice climates are widely overlooked in implementation science. The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of nurse manager EBP leadership behaviors and nurse manager EBP competencies in explaining unit climates for EBP implementation in adult medical-surgical units. A multi-site, multi-unit cross-sectional research design was used to recruit the sample of 24 nurse managers and 553 randomly selected staff nurses from 24 adult medical-surgical units from 7 acute care hospitals in the Northeast and Midwestern USA. Staff nurse perceptions of nurse manager EBP leadership behaviors and unit climates for EBP implementation were measured using the Implementation Leadership Scale and Implementation Climate Scale, respectively. EBP competencies of nurse managers were measured using the Nurse Manager EBP Competency Scale. Participants were emailed a link to an electronic questionnaire and asked to respond within 1 month. The contributions of nurse manager EBP leadership behaviors and competencies in explaining unit climates for EBP implementation were estimated using mixed-effects models controlling for nurse education and years of experience on current unit and accounting for the variability across hospitals and units. Significance level was set at α < .05. Two hundred sixty-four staff nurses and 22 nurse managers were included in the final sample, representing 22 units in 7 hospitals. Nurse manager EBP leadership behaviors (p < .001) and EBP competency (p = .008) explained 52.4% of marginal variance in unit climate for EBP implementation. Leadership behaviors uniquely explained 45.2% variance. The variance accounted for by the random intercepts for hospitals and units (p < .001) and years of nursing experience in current unit (p < .05) were significant but level of nursing education was not. Nurse managers are significantly related to unit climates for EBP implementation primarily through their leadership behaviors. Future implementation studies should consider the leadership of nurse managers in creating climates supportive of EBP implementation.
High-throughput holographic monitoring of nanoparticle degradation for drug delivery applications

We present computational holographic imaging methods for high-throughput quantification of nanoparticle degradation for drug delivery applications. These techniques enable accurate monitoring of the dynamics of nanocarrier degradation over a large field-of-view.
Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment.

Background Axis I non-sexual psychopathology, especially if associated with other manifestations of impulsivity, could be important to consider during the assessment and pharmacological treatment of paraphilic sexual offenders. Method The author performed a Medline literature search using combinations of the following terms "sexual offender," "paraphilia," "Axis I," and "comorbid." In addition, individual paraphilic disorders including "exhibitionism," "voyeurism," "frotteurism," "sexual sadism" and "pedophilia" were searched with the terms "Axis I" and "comorbid." From the literature retrieved, 18 relevant specific articles and additional references were reviewed that utilized either a comprehensive prospective methodology to ascertain Axis I psychopathology or a specific diagnosis not typically included in structured diagnostic instruments was ascertained with validated rating instruments. Results Unipolar and bipolar mood disorders, social anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental conditions (mental retardation, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Asperger's disorder) are Axis I psychopathologies reported as co-associated with paraphilic sexual offending. The aforementioned Axis I psychiatric disorders typically manifest during childhood or adolescence, the same age of onset as paraphilic disorders. Alcohol abuse is prevalent among paraphilic offenders as well and its presence serves as an additional disinhibitor. Research supporting the concurrent pharmacological treatment of Axis I comorbidities is modest but offers support that such treatment could mitigate paraphilic behavior. Limitations This review was organized to emphasize positive findings. Studies reviewed varied in both sample types and settings as well as ascertainment and diagnostic methodologies. The literature reviewed is modest in size and additionally limited by small samples. Conclusions A subset of males with Axis I diagnoses of mood disorders, social anxiety disorder, substance use disorders, and ADHD or other childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities may be co-associated with sexual disinhibition and aggression manifested as paraphilias. Pharmacological treatments addressing Axis I comorbidites and paraphilias have been reported to mitigate both sets of disorders but the treatment data should be regarded as preliminary.
Rare breast metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland.

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are rare malignant neoplasms of exocrine glands, most commonly found in salivary glands. This report describes a 67-year-old woman with metastatic ACC to the breast, only the third reported case of its kind. The salivary gland ACC was first diagnosed 5 years prior. Routine mammogram identified a Breast Imaging and Reporting Systems (BIRADS) 4 lesion. Core breast biopsy demonstrated findings consistent with metastatic ACC to the breast. The patient ultimately underwent local excision but suffered a recurrence of disease less than 2 months later despite chemotherapy. She passed away 15 months after excision due to complications associated with a small bowel obstruction and decompensated respiratory status from pulmonary metastases. While metastatic salivary ACC to the breast is rare, it is important to be able to distinguish metastatic salivary ACC to the breast from primary ACC of the breast as the treatment considerations for the two disease processes differ significantly.
Tipping the Scales of Justice: Perceptions of Unfair Treatment in the Courtroom

AbstractIn spite of popular perceptions about legal actors operating in a competitive environment, political scientists note that long-term relationships among attorneys, judges, and court personne...
Organizational Influences on Emotion Processes at Work

Much of the research on emotions in the workplace has focused on individual-level (e.g., individual differences, individual emotional responses to events) or dyadic influences (e.g., customer/emplo...
Vaccine-induced memory CD8+ T cells provide clinical benefit in HER2 expressing breast cancer: a mouse to human translational study.

Purpose: Immune-based therapy for metastatic breast cancer has had limited success, particularly in molecular subtypes with low somatic mutations rates. Strategies to augment T-cell infiltration of tumors include vaccines targeting established oncogenic drivers such as the genomic amplification of HER2. We constructed a vaccine based on a novel alphaviral vector encoding a portion of HER2 (VRP-HER2). Patients and Methods: In preclinical studies, mice were immunized with VRP-HER2 before or after implantation of hHER2+ tumor cells and HER2-specific immune responses and antitumor function were evaluated. We tested VRP-HER2 in a phase I clinical trial where subjects with advanced HER2-overexpressing malignancies in cohort 1 received VRP-HER2 every 2 weeks for a total of 3 doses. In cohort 2, subjects received the same schedule concurrently with a HER2-targeted therapy. Results: Vaccination in preclinical models with VRP-HER2 induced HER2-specific T cells and antibodies while inhibiting tumor growth. VRP-HER2 was well tolerated in patients and vaccination induced HER2-specific T cells and antibodies. Although a phase I study, there was 1 partial response and 2 patients with continued stable disease. Median OS was 50.2 months in cohort 1 (n = 4) and 32.7 months in cohort 2 (n = 18). Perforin expression by memory CD8 T cells post-vaccination significantly correlated with improved PFS. Conclusions: VRP-HER2 increased HER2-specific memory CD8 T cells and had antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical studies. The expansion of HER2-specific memory CD8 T cells in vaccinated patients was significantly correlated with increased PFS. Subsequent studies will seek to enhance T-cell activity by combining with anti-PD-1.
Establishing Peer Manding in Young Children with Autism Using a Speech-Generating Device

Impairment in social communication is a hallmark characteristic for individuals with a diagnosis of autism. As such, specific instructional strategies that incorporate the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system, such as an iPad® based speech-generating device (SGD) is often indicated. This study evaluated the use of the interrupted chain procedure in the establishment of peer manding for three young children with a diagnosis of autism. The procedures involved the presentation of a task related activity (i.e., puzzle) and the neuro-typical peer interrupted the behavioral chain of task completing by withholding the final piece needed to complete the task. An iPad® based SGD was used as an AAC for the participants to mand for the missing item needed to complete the task related activity from the peer. Additionally, a five-second-time delay with full physical prompts was used for instructional purposes. The results indicated that all three participants acquired the ability to mand for the missing item from the peer, and this skill was also found to maintain following training.
Comparison of Learning a Fine Motor Task with Learning a Similar Gross Motor Task, Using Kinesthetic Cues

Abstract Sixty male university students, divided into two groups of 30 were given 12 blindfolded trials to learn each of two mazes. The large locomotor maze had an irregular pattern 111.25 ft. long and contained no blind alleys; the smaller stylus maze had a similar pattern 44.5 in. in length. Performance was based upon traversal time, and no errors were recorded. It was found that, while the group learning rates were similar, there was no significant correlation between the traversal times of the two tasks. In addition, some transfer between tasks took place, evidenced in learning curves.
How to learn to stop worrying and love environmental DNA monitoring.

Environmental DNA is one of the most promising new tools in the aquatic biodiversity monitoring toolkit, with particular appeal for applications requiring assessment of target taxa at very low popu...
A Dual- Ascent Algorithm for the Multi-dimensional Assignment Problem: Application to Multi-Target Tracking

Recently we proposed a new Mixed-Integer Linear Programming formulation for the Multi-Target Tracking (MTT) problem and used a standard optimization solver to demonstrate its viability [1]. Subsequently, we provided Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) accelerated algorithms for the underlying Multidimensional Assignment Problem (MAP) with decomposable costs or triplet costs using a Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) framework. Here, we present a Dual-Ascent algorithm that provides monotonically increasing lower bounds and converges in a fraction of iterations required for a subgradient scheme. This approach can handle a large number of targets for many time steps with massive parallelism and computational efficiency. The dual-ascent framework decomposes the MAP into a set of Linear Assignment Problems (LAPs) for adjacent time-steps, which can be solved in parallel using the GPU-accelerated method of [2], [3]. The overall dual-ascent algorithm is able to efficiently solve problems with 100 targets and 100 time-frames with high accuracy. We demonstrate the applicability of our new algorithm to MTT by including realistic issues of missed detections and false alarms. Computational results demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm with good MMEP and ITCP scores and solution times for the larger problems in less than 6 seconds.
Human Connection and Technology Connectivity: A Systematic Review of Available Telehealth Survey Instruments.

Abstract Context The current upsurge in telehealth use in palliative and hospice care warrants consideration of patient, family caregiver, and interdisciplinary palliative perspectives on telehealth modality and communication experiences. Currently, telehealth experiences and encounters are being described but not yet extensively evaluated by palliative care teams. Objectives To locate survey instruments available to assess telehealth interactions, to determine the content and constructs covered by the available instruments, and to describe the patient populations previously surveyed by the existing instruments. Methods This study and its reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with the protocol registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Three databases were searched with over 3100 articles analyzed for use of a telehealth survey instrument. Results Twelve telehealth communication assessment instruments were identified with a mean length of 20 questions, primarily Likert-scale responses with one inclusive of free text and one qualitative inquiry survey. Three inquired only into modality, four queried communication, and five studied both modality and communication experience. Existing telehealth survey instruments are unidirectional in exploring patient or family experience, with two inclusive of provider perspectives. Participant demographics are notably underreported in telehealth experience studies with a frank lack of diversity in ethnic/racial, geographic, age, educational, and income representativeness in current telehealth survey instrument respondents. Conclusion Palliative care teams may consider familiarity with telehealth survey instrument as an essential component to progress from description of telehealth use to evaluation of telehealth encounters. Current survey instrument outcome reports do not represent inclusivity or diversity, although telehealth is now being clinically applied across settings.
The Effects of 10-Day Exogenous Ketone Consumption on Repeated Time Trial Running Performances: A Randomized-Control Trial

The effects of ketone salt supplementation on repeated short-distance running time trial (TT) performance in well-trained subjects remain unknown. To determine the effects of 10-day exogenous keton...
High-energy high-luminosity e + e - collider using energy-recovery linacs

Abstract In this letter we present a novel approach for a high-energy high-luminosity electron-positron collider. Present designs for high-energy electron-positron colliders are either based on two storage rings with 100 km circumference with a maximum CM energy of 365 GeV or two large linear accelerators with a high energy reach but lower luminosity, especially at the lower initial CM energies. A shortcoming of the collider based on storage rings is the high electric power consumption required to compensate for the beam energy losses from the 100 MW of synchrotron radiation power [1] . We propose to use an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) located in the same-size 100 km tunnel to mitigate this drawback. We show in this letter that using an ERL would allow large reduction of the beam energy losses while providing higher luminosity in this high-energy collider operating at or above 140 GeV center-of-mass energy. Furthermore, our approach allows for extending the CM energy to 500 GeV, which would enable double-Higgs production, and even to 600 GeV for t t ‾ H production.
The Role of Minority Shareholders in Private Companies

We study the monitoring behavior of minority shareholders in private companies. We draw on a landmark judgment by Texas Supreme Court in June 2014 that significantly curtailed minority shareholders’ monitoring ability in private firms. The judgment provides a natural experiment to examine how the reduced monitoring ability impacted firm performance and to infer the monitoring behavior of minority shareholders. Using hand-collected data, we document evidence consistent with over monitoring by minority shareholders. Further, we document investments and leverage as potential channels of monitoring. We contribute to existing literature by providing evidence on the monitoring behavior of monitory shareholders in private firms. Importantly, our evidence also highlights the importance of market feedback mechanism; without a continuous feedback loop from the stock markets, minority shareholders seem to act in a manner that (unknowingly) hurts the firms they are invested in.
Benchmarking Various Radiomic Toolkit Features While Applying the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative toward Clinical Translation of Radiomic Analysis

The image biomarkers standardization initiative (IBSI) was formed to address the standardization of extraction of quantifiable imaging metrics. Despite its effort, there remains a lack of consensus or established guidelines regarding radiomic feature terminology, the underlying mathematics and their implementation across various software programs. This creates a scenario where features extracted using different toolboxes cannot be used to build or validate the same model leading to a non-generalization of radiomic results. In this study, IBSI-established phantom and benchmark values were used to compare the variation of the radiomic features while using 6 publicly available software programs and 1 in-house radiomics pipeline. All IBSI-standardized features (11 classes, 173 in total) were extracted. The relative differences between the extracted feature values from the different software programs and the IBSI benchmark values were calculated to measure the inter-software agreement. To better understand the variations, features are further grouped into 3 categories according to their properties: 1) morphology, 2) statistic/histogram and 3)texture features. While a good agreement was observed for a majority of radiomics features across the various tested programs, relatively poor agreement was observed for morphology features. Significant differences were also found in programs that use different gray-level discretization approaches. Since these software programs do not include all IBSI features, the level of quantitative assessment for each category was analyzed using Venn and UpSet diagrams and quantified using two ad hoc metrics. Morphology features earned lowest scores for both metrics, indicating that morphological features are not consistently evaluated among software programs. We conclude that radiomic features calculated using different software programs may not be interchangeable. Further studies are needed to standardize the workflow of radiomic feature extraction.
Are ceramic implant-supported single crowns clinically better than metal-ceramic implant-supported single crowns?

Data sources Data was collected from six databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database). Studies published in English and Chinese languages comparing ceramic and metal-ceramic implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) were searched. The literature search was performed on studies published until 2018. Manual search of the reference lists of the identified articles was also performed to find related review articles and studies. Study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective cohort studies involving the comparison of ceramic and metal-ceramic implant-supported FDPs were selected using the PICOS model for the meta-analysis. For ceramic and metal-ceramic single crowns, the survival rate, marginal adaptation, marginal bone loss, pocket probing depth, crown colour match and mucosal discolouration were assessed. The authors also included studies on survival rate of implant-supported fixed partial dental prostheses (FPDPs) in this meta-analysis. Data extraction and synthesis Two investigators independently screened the articles from the literature search and extracted and analysed data from the included studies. The quality of the included RCTs were assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessment of risk of bias. For the selected non-randomised studies, the quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Twenty studies were included in data synthesis. Results Of the selected 20 studies, ten were RCTs and ten were prospective or retrospective cohort studies. Conclusions The results of this study can be useful to clinicians in making decisions between ceramic and metal-ceramic implant-supported single crowns. This study concluded that the ceramic implant-supported single crown has better crown colour match over a metal-ceramic single crown, but poorer marginal adaptation, and there was no difference observed in other parameters studied (survival rate, marginal bone loss, pocket probing depth and mucosal discolouration). The conclusions on survival rate of implant-supported FPDPs needs to be further evaluated with RCTs with larger samples.
Mechanisms of Action of Anticancer Antibiotics

Perhaps at the beginningof this discussion we should give reasons why we are interested in knowing the mechanisms of action of these antibiotics. On the one hand we are interested for purely academic reasons, that is, to satisfy man’s inquisitive nature and to add to his storehouse of knowledge. This inquisitiveness leads us to ask such questions as the following: Why is a material that is produced by one organism toxic to another organism? Can these toxic effects be prevented or overcome? Are the various toxic materials toxic for the same reason? Why are some organisms not affected by these agents while other organisms are killed by them? Why are some tissues or cells within an organism affected by the agents while other tissues and cells are not? How do organisms become resistant to an initially toxic agent?
Phytochemical Analyses for Antibacterial Activity and Therapeutic Compounds of Convolvulus arvensis L., Collected from the Salt Range of Pakistan

B ackground: Pharmaceutical world is currently facing a major issue of bacterial resistance against antibiotics. For the past few years, plants being an excellent source of phytochemicals have replaced many traditional antibacterial agents. Keeping this in view, the current study was conducted to detect the antibacterial activity and the presence of various phytochemicals in Convolvulus arvensis leaves and stem extracts. Methods: Eight different organic and aqueous extracts of Convolvulus arvensis L. ( C. arvensis ) leaves and stem were prepared and their antimicrobial activity against 13 clinically important bacterial species was investigated using the disc diffusion assay. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extracts of C. arvensis was performed using qualitative tests. Results: All the thirteen bacterial species tested in this study were found sensitive to the stem and leaf extracts of C. arvensis . Highest antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli while among all the extracts butanol extract was the most effective antimicrobial agent. Phytochemical analyses using organic and aqueous extracts confirmed the presence of various secondary plant metabolites of therapeutic value i.e. saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides and coumarins. Conclusion: Our results indicate that C. arvensis plant contains some phytochemicals with antimicrobial affects. These chemicals possess great potential to be used as advanced therapeutic compounds against broad range of pathogenic bacteria.
Coping with job interviews

Job interviews can be scary. You’re nervous. Your heart’s beating faster than it usually does. Your palms are sweating. You just can’t think straight. This may be the job you’ve wanted all your life. It may be essential if you’re to feed your family. How do you make sure that you don’t spoil your chances of getting the job?
Modeling exceptional behavior

While exception handling mechanisms are very useful for implementing systems, they are equally useful when building business models. The standard method of modeling exceptions in UML is to include them in class diagrams as a kind of signal, as stereotyped classes. However this alone is insufficient, since by the very nature of exceptions, the circumstances under which particular exceptions may be raised, as well as the details of what actions the class handling the exception will perform in doing so, tend to be rather complex and in general difficult to express pictorially. In this paper, we consider how this information may be specified using the Object Constraint Language (OCL). We illustrate our approach by applying it to a simple example.
Zero-quantum superconducting magnetic shielding apparatus and method

The design of a new superconducting magnetic shield is described, together with a method for achieving a final state in which no magnetic flux quanta are trapped in the shield's central region. The magnetic shield consists basically of a specially designed superconducting cylindrical tube, equipped with electrical and magnetic devices to remove flux quanta trapped during cooldown. An electrical current is applied along the length of the tube to cause mutual annihilation of trapped vortices and antivortices in the tube's central region and thus to remove flux quanta transverse to the cylinder axis. A parallel applied magnetic field then moves an appropriate number of vortices and antivortices from tube-end reservoirs to opposite ends until no longitudinal flux quanta thread the tube. Typical dimensions, various materials requirements, and conditions for successful operation of the magnetic shielding apparatus are discussed.
FTlR Reflectance Techniques in Reaction Rate Studies

Abstract Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the factors that influence those rates and mechanisms. Ideally, one would like to obtain quantitative concentration vs. time data from which rate constants can be calculated and mechanisms deduced. In the absence of quantitative data, however, the sequence of chemical events can still be deduced, provided a technique exists for observing intermediate species.
AUV hydrodynamics for survivability and controllability

Transient force and torque on a small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) traversing underneath a sailing ship in deep water are quantified under idealized conditions. This study represents the ship's hull and the flow field by the lower half of the flow field associated with an axial symmetric Rankine oval. The AUV has a semi-spherical nose cone, a cylindrical body, a tapered section, and a tail-cone. Connected to the underside of the AUV is a magnetometer. The AUV and the magnetometer are represented by a two dimensional body with a profile that matches that of the AUV and the magnetometer. The flow field experienced by the AUV is essentially two dimensional and is modeled as such. Assuming potential flow with infinite extent, a panel method is used to obtain the tangential velocities on the AUV and magnetometer surfaces. Dynamic pressures at these surfaces are found using the unsteady Bernoulli equation. The force and torque are then computed. Rapid changes of these hydrodynamic loads as the AUV passes under the bow and the stern of the ship are demonstrated.
Platelet Function and Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a nonphysiologic state that has many detrimental effects on a patient's hemostatic integrity. Exposure to the extracorporeal circuit and subsequent activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are factors that contribute to morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgical patients. These effects can be prevented in part or appropriately treated if practitioners understand the basic mecha nisms. This article reviews the effects of CPB on platelet function, the relationship of platelet function to post operative bleeding, the monitors available to measure platelet function, and the impact of antiplatelet therapy on bleeding in cardiac surgery.
Effects of insulin and glucagon on the uptake of amino acids from arterial blood by canine ileum

Insulin and glucagon have variable effects in altering arteriovenous differences for amino acids and glucose in liver and muscle. It has not been determined whether these hormones may similarly affect intestine. Acute effects of intraarterial insulin and glucagon were evaluated in in situ, luminally cleansed ileal segments in anesthetized, fasted dogs. Insulin significantly increased th ileal uptake of valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, threonine, and serine from arterial blood: uptake of these amino acids was approximately doubled 45 min after the end of the insulin infusion. Insulin had no effect on glucose uptake or release. Glucagon decreased ileal glutamate release into mesenteric venous blood 45 min after the end of infusion but the uptake or release of other amino acids and ammonia was not changed. Glucagon did increase mesenteric blood flow acutely and caused a net release of glucose into mesenteric venous blood. The results indicate that insulin and glucagon directly after metabolism of the ileum in vivo.
Cadmium, copper, and zinc adsorption by a forest soil in the presence of sludge leachate

Samples from three genetic horizons of an acidic forest soil were equilibrated with solutions containing Cd, Cu, and Zn in the presence and absence of a municipal sewage sludge leachate. Copper adsorption was greater than Cd and Zn in all three horizons, while Cd and Zn adsorption was quite similar. Relative to a NaN03 background solution, sludge leachate reduced Cu adsorption in all horizons; however, in the presence of leachate Zn adsorption increased in the B2 and C horizons, while Cd adsorption decreased in the Al and was unaffected in the B2 and C horizons. Distribution coefficients generally increased as solution concentration and adsorption increased. In all horizons additions of Cd and Zn were able to reduce apparent surface charge. Copper not only reduced surface charge in the Al horizon, but caused a charge reversal in the 132 and C horizons. Adsorption data were best fit by linear or Freundlich equations. Differences in adsorption between sludge leachate and NaN03 solutions could not be explained simply by differences in metal activities as calculated using the GEOCHEM program. Competition from cations and organics present m the sludge leachate appears to contribute to lower metal adsorption.
Fabrication process for Josephson integrated circuits

A process for fabricating experimental Josephson integrated circuits is described that is based primarily on the use of vacuum-deposited Pb-alloy and SiO films patterned by photoresist stencil lift-off. The process has evolved from one previously reported, with changes having occurred in junction electrodes, tunnel barrier formation, layer patterning, device geometry, and minimum linewidths. Films of Pb-In(12 wt%)-Au(4 wt%) alloy (200-800 nm thick) are used for forming junction base electrodes, interferometer controls, and interconnection lines. Tunnel barriers are formed on the base electrode films by thermal oxidation and subsequent sputter-etching in an rf-oxygen plasma. Junction counter electrodes are formed from 400-nm-thick Pb-Bi(29 wt%) alloy films. Ground planes are formed from 300-nm-thick Nb films patterned by subtractive etching and insulated in part by a Nb2O5 layer formed by liquid anodization. Films of the intermetallic compound AuIn2(30-43 nm thick) are used for forming terminating, load, and damping resistors. The Si0 films are used for interlayer insulation, for defining junction areas in interferometers, and as protective coatings. Layer patterning is achieved mainly by means of photoresist lift-off stencils. By utilizing this process, experimental logic and memory circuits containing ≅100 interferometers with lines as small as 2.5 µm in width have been successfully fabricated.
Simple computation of a bivariate normal integral arising from a problem of misclassification with applications to the diagnosis of hypertension

The joint distribution of the true and observed values of a variable that is subject to measurement error is bivariate normal.An important special case occurs when we want the joint probability of the true value being below a cutoff point and the observed value above it.In that case the required integral can be simply evaluated using a Gaussian quadrature formula, which can easily be evaluated using a calculator.This formula is used to estimate the probabilities of misclassification of participants in screening programs for hypertension.It shows that basing a diagnosis on a single visit, at which a single measurement was made leads to a very high risk of misclassification.The probability of a subject having a blood pressure below the cutoff point, given that the observed pressure is above it, would be 0.45.Increasing the number of visits to three, and measuring the blood pressure twice at each visit, as advocated by Rosner and Polk (1979), would bring the probability down to 0.29.
Commensal bacteria mediated defenses against pathogens

Commensal bacterial communities residing within the intestinal lumen of mammals have evolved to flourish in this microenvironment. To preserve this niche, commensal bacteria act with the host to prevent colonization by invasive pathogens that induce inflammation and disrupt the intestinal niche commensal bacteria occupy. Thus, it is mutually beneficial to the host and commensal bacteria to inhibit a pathogen's ability to establish an infection. Commensal bacteria express factors that support colonization, maximize nutrient uptake, and produce metabolites that confer a survival advantage over pathogens. Further, commensal bacteria stimulate the host's immune defenses and drive tonic expression of anti-microbial factors. In combination, these mechanisms preserve the niche for commensal bacteria and assist the host in preventing infection.
Transient response of a coupled model to estimated changes in greenhouse gas and sulfate concentrations

This study investigates changes in surface air temperature (SAT), hydrology and the thermohaline circulation due to the the radiative forcing of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and the direct radiative forcing (DRF) of sulfate aerosols in the GFDL coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Three 300-year model integrations are performed with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations only, increasing sulfate aerosol concentrations only and increasing greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosol concentrations. A control integration is also performed keeping concentrations of sulfate and carbon dioxide fixed. The global annual mean SAT change when both greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols are included is in better agreement with observations than when greenhouse gases alone are included. When the global annual mean SAT change from a model integration that includes only increases in greenhouse gases is added to that from a model integration that includes only increases in sulfate, the resulting global SAT change is approximately equal to that from a model integration that includes increases in both greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol throughout the integration period. Similar results are found for global annual mean precipitation changes and for the geographical distribution of both SAT and precipitation changes indicating that the climate response is linearly additive for the two types of forcing considered here. Changes in the mid-continental summer dryness and thermohaline circulation are also briefly discussed.
Don't Blame It on the Weather!

In his recent “Perspective” ⇓, Mark Lema does an excellent job of addressing the growing difficulties in providing high-quality pain care in the United States and those confronting the international movement, which aims for the universal recognition of pain relief as a fundamental human right. The latter campaign was officially launched on October 11, 2004 (“Global Day against Pain”) by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) and the European Federation of IASP Chapters with the World Health Organization at a joint meeting in Geneva. Its basic premise is that inappropriate treatment of pain is unethical and “susceptible to both legal and professional action” ⇓. More recently, as part of the 13th World Congress on Pain in Montreal, the International Pain Summit, hosted by the IASP in September 2010, the summit delegates from 129 countries supported a “Declaration that Access to Pain Management is a Fundamental …
Clay Mineralogy and Depositional History of Frio Formation in Two Geopressured Wells, Brazoria County, Texas: ABSTRACT

Twenty-three shale samples, ranging in depth from 5,194 to 13,246 ft (1,583 to 4,037 m), from Gulf Oil Corp. 2 Texas State Lease 53034 well, and 33 shale samples, ranging in depth from 2,185 to 15,592 ft (666 to 4,752 m), from General Crude Oil Co./Department of Energy 1 Pleasant Bayou well were examined by X-ray techniques to determine the mineralogy of the geopressured zone in the Brazoria fairway. Both wells have similar weight-percent trends with depth for a portion of the mineralogy. Calcite decreases, whereas plagioclase, quartz, and total clay increase slightly. Within the clays, illite in mixed-layer illite-smectite increases and smectite in mixed-layer illite-smectite decreases. Four minerals have distinctly different trends with depth for each well. In the 2 Texas State Lease 53034 well, potassium feldspar and mixed-layer illite-smectite decrease, kaolinite increases, and discrete illite is constant. In the 1 Pleasant Bayou well, potassium feldspar and kaolinite are constant, mixed-layer illite-smectite increases, and discrete illite decreases. The most important diagenetic change in each well is the transformation of smectite to illite within the mixed-layer phase which occurs according to the reaction suggested by J. R. Boles and S. G. Franks with Al3+ acting as an immobile component. This change begins at calculated equilibrium temperatures of 89 to 92°C. The decrease in calcite and the lack of chlorite in the shales suggest that carbonate, iron, and magnesium migrate out of the shale in each well. In the 2 Texas State Lease 53034 well, the Boles and Franks reaction is consistent with a steady supply of original mixed-layer illite-smectite during deposition. Potassium feldspar provides K+ for the smectite to illite transformation. The breakdown of potassium feldspar also results in the formation of kaolinite and the increase of plagioclase feldspar, which is due to the reaction with Na+ and Ca2+, provided by the smectite to illite change. In the 1 Pleasant Bayou well, the Boles and Franks reaction is consistent with an unusually high mixed-layer illite-smectite content in the early depositional stages. The source of K+ for the smectite to illite reaction is discrete illite. The breakdown of discrete illite results in both the formation of kaolinite and the increase in plagioclase feldspar. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1430------------
Scanning tunneling microscopy of individual molecules of copper phthalocyanine adsorbed on polycrystalline silver surfaces

Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we have imaged individual molecules of copper phthalocyanine absorbed on polycrystalline silver surfaces under UHV conditions. In addition to observing molecules on stable adsorption sites at atomically rough regions, we find evidence for surface diffusion during scanning over molecules adsorbed on flat areas of the sample. The role of applied electric field on the stability of the STM images and molecular bonding to the substrate is discussed. We tentatively suggest possible mechanisms for the tunneling process.
Types of Morphogenetic Phenomena in Vertebrate Regenerating Systems

Within the regenerating amphibian limb the regeneration blastema represents the focus of the dominant epimorphic regenerative process. More proximally, tissue regenerative processes are prominent within certain tissues of the stump. It is not yet known whether all tissues present within the limb regenerate are laid down as part of a single allinclusive plan or whether the morphogenesis of some tissues is dependent upon secondary cues. Initial axial deviation of regenerates arising from oblique amputation surfaces (Barfurth's rule) is compared with the permanent axial deviation of regenerates from zeugopodial segments of limbs from which one skeletal element has been removed. Homeotic regenerates are commonly produced in arthropods, but they have yet to be demonstrated in regenerating vertebrate extremities. Individual tissue components of limbs regenerate well, and their morphogenesis appears to be controlled largely by the functional environment in which the regenerative process is taking place. Under appropriate conditions, terminally amputated mammalian, including human, digits produce well organized outgrowths complete with nails or claws. Whether or not this form of outgrowth is directly comparable with an epimorphically regenerating amphibian limb remains to be seen.
Parameter calculation from zinc blende zone boundary conditions of CuI

A rigid ion, second neighbor ionic model has been proposed by Banerjee and Varshni which is successful in fitting the dispersion curves of some zinc blende structures. Additional equations are offered derived from zone boundary conditions in the [100] and [111] directions, to aid in the calculation of a dispersion curve fit. These equations are applied to CuI and parameters are chosen which fit the equations and the physical situation better than those previously suggested. Von Banerjee und Varshni wurde ein starres Ionenmodell zweiter Nachbarn vorgeschlagen, das erfolgreich die Dispersionskurven einiger Zinkblendestrukturen anpast. Zusatzliche Gleichungen werden angegeben, die aus den Ionenrandbedingungen in [100]- und [111]-Richtung abgeleitet wurden, um die Anpassung der Dispersionskurve zu unterstutzen. Diese Gleichungen werden fur CuJ angewendet und es werden Parameter gewahlt, die die Gleichungen und die physikalische Situation besser wiedergeben als die fruher vorgeschlagenen.
Coronal gas in the Galaxy. I - A new survey of interstellar O VI

Ultraviolet spectra of 40 O- and B-type stars have been intensively scanned in the vicinity of the O VI transitions at 1032 and 1038 A with the Copernicus satellite. This survey of the high-temperature (log T about 5.5) phase of interstellar gas is an extension of the earlier observations of interstellar O VI by Jenkins and Meloy (1974), bringing the total coverage up to 72 stars. Except for a few distant stars, the overall quality of the present data surpasses that of the earlier work. Plots of absorption optical depths versus radial velocity are presented for both transitions in each star. Total column densities (or their upper limits), velocity centroids, and velocity widths have been extracted from the profiles and tabulated, with the results of Jenkins and Meloy (1974) included. Qualitatively, the highly variable O VI densities and velocities seem to exhibit no systematic patterns or regional trends; there is no recognizable correlation in the behavior of coronal gas with pronounced features of galactic structure.
Effects of diphenylhydantoin on activity of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Abstract Electrophysiological changes in activity of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells were investigated during acute toxic phases of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin ® ) intoxication. The major finding was that a significant decrease in Purkinje cell average mean discharge rate occurs during periods of behavioral signs of cerebellar deficiency. The extent of this decrease correlates with the severity of ataxia and tremor. Chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin in doses (200 mg/kg) larger than necessary to evolve acute toxic signs when given singly resulted in no histological, behavioral, or electrophysiological signs.
Mantle flow and melting beneath oceanic ridge–ridge–ridge triple junctions

Abstract Plate boundary geometry likely has an important influence on crustal production at mid-ocean ridges. Many studies have explored the effects of geometrical features such as transform offsets and oblique ridge segments on mantle flow and melting. This study investigates how triple junction (TJ) geometry may influence mantle dynamics. An earlier study [Georgen, J.E., Lin, J., 2002. Three-dimensional passive flow and temperature structure beneath oceanic ridge-ridge-ridge triple junctions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 204, 115–132.] suggested that the effects of a ridge–ridge–ridge configuration are most pronounced under the branch with the slowest spreading rate. Thus, we create a three-dimensional, finite element, variable viscosity model that focuses on the slowest-diverging ridge of a triple junction with geometry similar to the Rodrigues TJ. This spreading axis may be considered to be analogous to the Southwest Indian Ridge. Within 100 km of the TJ, temperatures at depths within the partial melting zone and crustal thickness are predicted to increase by ~ 40 °C and 1 km, respectively. We also investigate the effects of differential motion of the TJ with respect to the underlying mantle, by imposing bottom model boundary conditions replicating (a) absolute plate motion and (b) a three-dimensional solution for plate-driven and density-driven asthenospheric flow in the African region. Neither of these basal boundary conditions significantly affects the model solutions, suggesting that the system is dominated by the divergence of the surface places. Finally, we explore how varying spreading rate magnitudes affects TJ geodynamics. When ridge divergence rates are all relatively slow (i.e., with plate kinematics similar to the Azores TJ), significant along-axis increases in mantle temperature and crustal thickness are calculated. At depths within the partial melting zone, temperatures are predicted to increase by ~ 150 °C, similar to the excess temperatures associated with mantle plumes. Likewise, crustal thickness is calculated to increase by approximately 6 km over the 200 km of ridge closest to the TJ. These results could imply that some component of the excess volcanism observed in geologic settings such as the Terceira Rift may be attributed to the effects of TJ geometry, although the important influence of features like nearby hotspots (e.g., the Azores hotspot) cannot be evaluated without additional numerical modeling.
Computing real-time holographic video content with off-the-shelf PC hardware

We present a PC based system to compute real-time holographic video and serve as a framebuffer to drive a holographic video display. Our system uses only 3 PCs, each equipped with an nVidia Quadro FX 3000G video card. We generate holographic stereograms at roughly two frames per second.
Catecholamine-Induced Stimulation of Progesterone by the Bovine Corpus Luteum in vitro

Catecholamine-induced stimulation of progesterone by the bovine corpus luteum in vitro was investigated. Epinephrine norepinephrine and isoproterenol each caused significant (p less than .025) stimulation of progesterone production by luteal tissue from all animals studied on Days 8-16 of the estrous cycle. Phenoxybenzamine failed to inhibit the stimulatory action of epinephrine and norepinephine. Propranolol prevented all progesterone production initiated by epinephrine norepinephrine or isoporterenol. Propranolol also inhibited luteinizing hormone-induced stimulation of progesterone. Phenoxybenzamine had no effect on the gonadotropin-induced stimulation. These results indicate that the bovine corpus luteum can synthesize progesterone in response to beta adrenergic-receptor agonists and that all progesterone production by the corpus luteum can be inhibited by a beta adrenergic blocker.