cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Interactions of Context and Style on Affect in Motion Perception: Stylized Gaits Across Multiple Environmental Contexts

As more and more robots move into social settings, humans will be monitoring the external motion profile of counterparts in order to make judgments about the internal state of these counterparts. This means that generating motion with an understanding of how humans will interpret it is paramount. This paper investigates the connection between environmental context, stylized gaits, and perception via a model of affect parameterized by valence and arousal. The predictive model proposed indicates that, for the motion stimuli used, environmental context has a larger influence on valence and style of walking has a larger influence on arousal. This work expands on previous research in affect recognition by exploring the critical relationship between environmental context, stylized gait, and affective perception. The results of this work indicate that social behavior of robots may be informed by environmental context for improved performance.
Machine learning models for early sepsis recognition in the neonatal intensive care unit using readily available electronic health record data

Background Rapid antibiotic administration is known to improve sepsis outcomes, however early diagnosis remains challenging due to complex presentation. Our objective was to develop a model using readily available electronic health record (EHR) data capable of recognizing infant sepsis at least 4 hours prior to clinical recognition. Methods and findings We performed a retrospective case control study of infants hospitalized ≥48 hours in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between September 2014 and November 2017 who received at least one sepsis evaluation before 12 months of age. We considered two evaluation outcomes as cases: culture positive–positive blood culture for a known pathogen (110 evaluations); and clinically positive–negative cultures but antibiotics administered for ≥120 hours (265 evaluations). Case data was taken from the 44-hour window ending 4 hours prior to evaluation. We randomly sampled 1,100 44-hour windows of control data from all times ≥10 days removed from any evaluation. Model inputs consisted of up to 36 features derived from routine EHR data. Using 10-fold nested cross-validation, 8 machine learning models were trained to classify inputs as sepsis positive or negative. When tasked with discriminating culture positive cases from controls, 6 models achieved a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) between 0.80–0.82 with no significant differences between them. Including both culture and clinically positive cases, the same 6 models achieved an AUC between 0.85–0.87, again with no significant differences. Conclusions Machine learning models can identify infants with sepsis in the NICU hours prior to clinical recognition. Learning curves indicate model improvement may be achieved with additional training examples. Additional input features may also improve performance. Further research is warranted to assess potential performance improvements and clinical efficacy in a prospective trial.
Trident Shape SOI Metamaterial Fiber-to-Chip Edge Coupler

We propose a fiber-to-chip edge coupler based on trident-shaped dielectric metamaterial. Experiment shows < 2 dB/facet coupling loss with high NA fiber and near 0.5 dB/facet coupling loss using lensed fiber at the best polarization.
Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a cat with severe chronic rhinosinusitis.

A 6-year-old male neutered Bengal cat was presented to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Care Hospital with a history of severe chronic rhinitis that was unresolved from kittenhood. In weeks prior to presentation, the cat's upper respiratory signs had significantly worsened and a left-sided facial swelling overlying the left frontal sinus was noted. Skull computed tomography, rhinoscopy, bilateral nasal biopsies, bacterial and fungal cultures of fluid from the left frontal sinus, and cryptococcal fungal antigen testing were performed. The cat was diagnosed with severe chronic rhinosinusitis and determined to have an infection with a mucoid variant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa). This case highlights an atypical cytomorphologic appearance of the well-known bacterial pathogen, P aeruginosa, an appearance that could be confused cytologically with other microorganisms, such as septate fungi. Mucoid variants of P aeruginosa are often associated with progressive lung or airway disease in people with cystic fibrosis and have not been previously documented in feline respiratory tract disease. This report also presents a brief review of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in cats and describes a novel interventional treatment approach to feline CRS via sinusotomy and sinus flushing for severely affected cats.
The Wage Gap: No One’s Responsibility, But Everyone’s Problem:

Wage inequality in America is ballooning. The issue is receiving significant attention in the public discourse but to what avail? It is an issue that affects the entire economy although the sufferi...
Links between moral identity and political purpose during emerging adulthood

We examined the links between moral identity—the centrality of moral principles to identity—and political purpose during emerging adulthood. We analyzed data from two waves of a longitudinal study ...
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of busulfan and the influence of body composition in paediatric Fanconi anaemia patients.

Aims Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure that requires haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Busulfan is used in conditioning regimens prior to HCT. Doses used in non-FA patients cause life-threatening toxicities in FA patients and data on busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) in this population are limited. This study characterized busulfan PK in paediatric FA patients using population PK modelling and evaluated the effect of body composition on steady-state concentrations (Css ). Methods A total of 200 busulfan plasma concentrations in 29 FA patients from a recent study (Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01082133) were available for population PK modelling. The effect of different body size-scaled doses and body compositions on Css was investigated using population PK modelling. Results Fat free mass (FFM) was identified as the best size descriptor in a two-compartment busulfan PK model in FA patients. Conventional dosing, based on an amount of busulfan per kilogram of total body mass, resulted in higher Css in FA patients with higher body mass index (BMI). A newly proposed FFM-based dosing strategy would eliminate the observed trend of higher concentrations in high BMI patients, and achieve consistent Css across a wide BMI spectrum. Conclusions This is the first study to describe the population PK of busulfan in paediatric FA patients. The proposed model will facilitate PK model-informed precision dosing. FFM-based dosing is expected to improve the probability of achieving target Css , particularly in obese patients, while minimizing the risk of overdosing.
Vaping Restrictions: Is Priority to the Young Justified?

The vast majority of smokers become dependent on nicotine in youth. Preventing dependence has therefore been crucial to the recent decline in youth smoking. The advent of vaping creates an opportunity for harm reduction to existing smokers (mostly adults) but simultaneously also undermines prevention efforts by becoming a new vehicle for young people to become dependent on nicotine, creating an ethical dilemma. Restrictions to access to some vaping products enacted in response to the increase in vaping among youth observed in the United States since 2018 have arguably prioritized prevention of new cases of dependence-protecting the young-over harm reduction to already dependent adults. Can this prioritization of the young be justified? This article surveys the main bioethical arguments for prioritizing giving health benefits to the young and finds that none can justify prioritizing dependence prevention over harm reduction: any reasons for prioritizing the current cohort of young people at risk from vaping will equally apply to current adult smokers, who are overwhelmingly likely to have become nicotine-dependent in their own youth. Public health authorities' current tendency to prioritize the young, therefore, does not seem to be ethically justified. Implications This article argues that commonsense reasons for prioritizing the young do not apply to the ethical dilemma surrounding restricting access to vaping products.
Women's disclosure of college sexual assault: Greek-life status does not influence disclosure.

OBJECTIVE Due to high prevalence rates of sexual assault among college-aged women and the benefits of disclosure (e.g., emotional well-being), it remains important to consider barriers to disclosure. The current paper aimed to examine if barriers to disclosure may be more salient to sorority women. Participants: We examined differences in rates of hypothetical willingness to formally disclose (N = 693) and actual formal/informal disclosure (N = 584) as well as mental health as a function of Greek-life status among college women. Method: Two separate online surveys were administered (October, 2016; January, 2017), respectively. Results: Findings suggest no significant differences in rates of hypothetical or actual formal/informal disclosure as a function of Greek-life status; however, Greek-life members reported lower mental health. Conclusion: Findings from the current studies suggest that institutional factors (e.g., campus climate) may serve as a barrier to disclosure. Limitations and future directions in this important area are discussed.
Diagnosis Outcome Prediction on Limited Data via Transferred Random Forest

Logic diagnosis aims to identify defects in falling integrated circuits (ICs) and thus plays an essential role in yield learning. Previous research has demonstrated that diagnosis outcome (defect number, resolution, etc.) can be accurately predicted using features derived from the data collected from failing ICs. This capability allows practitioners to better allocate resources during yield learning. However, a significant number of diagnosis must be conducted to obtain sufficient training data for building an accurate prediction model. To reduce the data collection cost, we utilize some prior knowledge through transfer learning. Specifically, a prior model is constructed from a correlated dataset and then adapted to very limited training samples from the current design of interest. Experiments performed using real industrial examples demonstrate that transfer learning can significantly improve prediction performance and save training data when a suitable prior knowledge exists.
RESEARCH IN TESOL: A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION OF TRENDS AND TYPES OF RESEARCH IN ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

This paper provides a systematic review of the research around teaching English as a second or foreign language over the last ten years. The review aims to help second and foreign language researchers to recognize the trends that have impacted English teaching and learning research. More than 400 articles from leading journals were reviewed to examine the trends and method that were used. The findings suggested that the research interests in the TESOL field have changed as many topics and trends have risen based on students’ academic and social needs. Topics such as teaching methodology, digital literacy, and using technology to teach English have dominated the research during the last decade. Article visualizations:
Resolution and Speckle Reduction in Cardiac Imaging

Cardiac imaging depends on clear visualization of several different structural and functional components to determine left ventricular and overall cardiac health. Ultrasound imaging is confounded by the characteristic speckle texture resulting from subwavelength scatterers in tissues, which is similar to a multiplicative noise on underlying tissue structure. Reduction of this texture can be achieved through physical means, such as spatial or frequency compounding, or through adaptive image processing. Techniques in both categories require a tradeoff of resolution for speckle texture reduction, which together contribute to overall image quality and diagnostic value. We evaluate this tradeoff for cardiac imaging tasks using spatial compounding as an exemplary speckle reduction method. Spatial compounding averages the decorrelated speckle patterns formed by views of a target from multiple subaperture positions to reduce the texture at the expense of active aperture size (and, in turn, lateral resolution). We demonstrate the use of a novel synthetic aperture focusing technique to decompose harmonic backscattered data from focused beams to their aperture-domain spatial frequency components to enable combined transmit and receive compounding. This tool allows the evaluation of matched data sets from a single acquisition over a wide range of spatial compounding conditions. We quantified the tradeoff between resolution and texture reduction in an imaging phantom and demonstrated improved lesion detectability with increasing levels of spatial compounding. We performed a cardiac ultrasound on 25 subjects to evaluate the degree of compounding useful for diagnostic imaging. Of these, 18 subjects were included in both qualitative and quantitative analysis. We found that compounding improved detectability of the endocardial border according to the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio in all cases, and more aggressive compounding made further improvements in ten out of 18 cases. Three expert reviewers evaluated the images for their usefulness in several diagnostic tasks and ranked four compounding conditions (“none,” “low,” “medium,” and “high”). Contrary to the quantitative metrics that suggested the use of high levels of compounding, the reviewers determined that “low” was usually preferred (77.9%), while “none” or “medium” was selected in 21.2% of cases. We conclude with a brief discussion of the generalization of these results to other speckle reduction methods using the imaging phantom data.
Going Undercover at Eclipse

This chapter introduces the study setting and research methodology. I outline AAG’s organizational layout, sketching the network’s office structures and staff hierarchies. Modeled after for-profit companies in other industries, AAG employs hundreds of workers at a national hub. It operates schools in a multitude of states, opening new spokes each year with the help of strategic branding and marketing. I then introduce Eclipse Prep (one school in AAG’s network), describing the building, as well as the students and staff who populate it. Finally, I outline the procedures for data collection and analysis that I utilized as a covert workplace ethnographer. Working as a teacher’s assistant (TA) afforded me substantial movement around Eclipse and additional opportunities to interact with a variety of teachers, administrators, and other staff. This flexibility provided a rare window into the innerworkings of a setting, to which few researchers have enjoyed unfettered access.
Evaluation of university teaching as sound performance appraisal

Abstract As research on student evaluations of teaching (SET) has dominated our understanding of teaching evaluation, debate over SET implementation has turned attention away from basic principles for appraising employee performance as established in human resources literature. Considering SET research and its practical significance in isolation from relevant human resources literature not only risks unlawful remedies for issues such as bias in SET but also risks replacing one form of bias with another. Meanwhile, the full potential of human resources tools to support consistent evaluation of teaching remains unrealized. To address this gap, this article clarifies how teaching evaluation can be conducted as sound performance appraisal by deploying SET and peer review of teaching within a larger framework of established human resources techniques. A review of recent literature articulates prominent themes in research on SET and peer review of teaching and outlines key principles for performance appraisal and performance management. Those principles are used to analyze representative faculty evaluation policies and procedures and clarify the weaknesses of both traditional and recently revised approaches to teaching evaluation. The final section elaborates performance appraisal techniques relevant to teaching evaluation. These include planful use of results and/or behavior approaches to performance appraisal, robust rating instruments for behavioral performance appraisal, targeted collection of information from multiple stakeholders, and job analysis. Efforts to de-emphasize quantitative SET data to address issues such as bias can be strengthened through the incorporation of performance appraisal tools that clearly articulate performance criteria and standards and that gather both qualitative and quantitative data on employee performance.
Nested Robust Controller Design for Interconnected Linear Parameter Varying Aerial Vehicles

A framework for a systematic design of robust controllers to guarantee desired output performance for an interconnected group of multi-input–multi-output dynamic systems is presented. The framework...
Knowledge-driven geoai: Integrating spatial knowledge into multi-scale deep learning for mars crater detection

This paper introduces a new GeoAI solution to support automated mapping of global craters on the Mars surface. Traditional crater detection algorithms suffer from the limitation of working only in a semiautomated or multi-stage manner, and most were developed to handle a specific dataset in a small subarea of Mars’ surface, hindering their transferability for global crater detection. As an alternative, we propose a GeoAI solution based on deep learning to tackle this problem effectively. Three innovative features are integrated into our object detection pipeline: (1) a feature pyramid network is leveraged to generate feature maps with rich semantics across multiple object scales; (2) prior geospatial knowledge based on the Hough transform is integrated to enable more accurate localization of potential craters; and (3) a scale-aware classifier is adopted to increase the prediction accuracy of both large and small crater instances. The results show that the proposed strategies bring a significant increase in crater detection performance than the popular Faster R-CNN model. The integration of geospatial domain knowledge into the data-driven analytics moves GeoAI research up to the next level to enable knowledge-driven GeoAI. This research can be applied to a wide variety of object detection and image analysis tasks.
Effects of low-temperature neutron irradiation on the microstructure and tensile properties of duplex 2304 stainless steel and its electron-beam welds

Abstract A lean duplex stainless steel material (2304-grade) in its base metal and electron beam (e-beam) welded conditions were studied microstructurally and mechanically as a function of irradiation conditions to evaluate its use as a structural material at low temperatures (60–100 °C). Neutron irradiation up to a fluence of 1.40 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 0.1 MeV) or ~0.011 dpa decreased the total elongation of both base metal and e-beam welded samples. Overall, radiation hardening was observed in all the samples. The transversely cut irradiated samples showed some nonuniform quasi-cleavage and shearing in their fracture surfaces, indicating the variance of ductile nature of the two-phased (deformable austenite and harder ferrite) duplex structure. The e-beam welded samples also showed quasi-cleavage fracture, which is a characteristic of radiation-induced embrittlement. These observations of the e-beam welded samples were attributed to the formation of coarse ferrites, grain boundary and intragranular phases such as γ2 and γ3, and minor impurity phases such as CrN and Cr2N in the weld pool and/or heat-affected zone of the samples. Radiation-induced elemental segregation was also identified in the post-irradiated base metal.
Multiple injection strategies for reducing HC and CO emissions in diesel-methane dual-fuel low temperature combustion

Abstract Dual fuel low temperature combustion (LTC), while promising extremely low engine-out emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), is beset with high unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, especially at low engine loads. In the present work, diesel dual injection is experimentally shown to achieve simultaneous reduction of HC and CO emissions without compromising NOx and PM benefits. The motivation to use a second late diesel injection (typically after top dead center (ATDC)) is to oxidize HC arising from incomplete methane oxidation in dual-fuel combustion initiated by the first early diesel injection (around 310 CAD). Since the second diesel injection occurs during the expansion stroke, the NOx-formation propensity is reduced due to low local temperatures. The experimental matrix consisted of twenty-two distinct operating points on a single cylinder research engine (SCRE) adapted for diesel-ignited methane dual fueling. All the experiments were performed at a constant intake pressure of 1.5 bar and fixed first diesel injection timing at 310 CAD whereas, the second diesel injection timing was varied between 320 and 375 CAD and the injection pressure was varied between 500 and 1500 bar. In addition to reductions in the following emissions: indicated specific hydrocarbons or ISHC (54%, to 13.7 g/kW-hr), ISCO (46%, to 2.7 g/kW-hr), and indicated specific oxides of nitrogen or ISNOx (7%, to 0.31 g/kW-hr) emissions, an 11% increase in indicated fuel conversion efficiency (IFCE), and a 12% increase in combustion efficiency (ηc) were achieved relative to the baseline single injection (at 310 CAD) dual-fuel LTC. Although smoke emissions increased slightly from 0.03 to 0.06 Filter Smoke Number (FSN), they are still considerably lower than for conventional diesel operation.
What Characteristics of Epidemiologic Evidence Correlate with Study Usefulness or Influence? Experiences in Three Settings

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Epidemiologic studies play key roles in: 1) environmental chemical risk assessment for setting regulatory standards (US EPA, US states, countries around the globe); and 2) deter...
Dunford-Pettis composition operators on $H^1$ in several variables

A bounded composition operator CO on H'(B), where B is the unit ball in Cn, is Dunford-Pettis if and only if the radial limit function q* of X takes values on the unit sphere S only on a set of surface measure zero. A similar theorem holds on bounded strongly pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary. A bounded operator from one Banach space to another is said to be DunfordPettis or completely continuous if it takes weak Cauchy sequences to norm convergent sequences. This is equivalent to the requirement that the operator take weakly null sequences to norm null sequences. In [1] Cima and Matheson showed that a composition operator on H1 of the unit disk is Dunford-Pettis if and only if the inducing map q: ED -E D has radial limits of modulus one only on a set of measure zero. It is the purpose of this note to prove a similar theorem for composition operators on H1 of the unit ball B in Cn. A version for H1 on strongly pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary will also be presented. The restricton to the Hardy spaces H1 is natural, since the Dunford-Pettis operators on reflexive Banach spaces coincide with the compact operators. If q: B -* B is a holomorphic map and if f is holomorphic on B, then the composition C0f = f o q is also holomorphic. However, in contrast to the one variable case, Co may not induce a bounded operator on the Hardy space H1 (B), so it will be necessary to assume this here. A Carleson measure criterion for this was noticed by MacCluer in [6] (cf. also [2, Theorem 3.35]). For a function g defined on B, g* will denote the limit function
KERNICTERUS: REVISED CONCEPTS OF PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT

BILIRUBIN ENCEPHALOPATHY occurs almost exclusively in newborn infants with severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. When these babies succumb to this condition the brain usually shows localized yellow staining (kernicterus) which is due in part to accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin. There is strong circumstantial evidence that bilirubin is responsible for the neuropathologic changes characteristic of kernicterus but the factors governing the entry of the pigment into the central nervous system have long been a matter of speculation. In the plasma, most of the bilirubin is transported firmly bound to albumin. However, whether the pigment enters the brain bound to albumin or only after being detached from its albumin carrier has not been established.
A lower Paleozoic trench-fill sequence, New World Island, Newfoundland: Discussion and reply

No Abstract Available. The article discussed was published in the Bulletin , v. 89, p. 1121–1132.
Frequent Somatic Mutations of the β-Catenin Gene in Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer

The increased level of cytoplasmic β-catenin through the mutations to either β-catenin or adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) has been proposed as an important oncogenic step in various tumors. Gastric cancer showed frequent genetic alterations of the APC gene, and the risk for gastric cancer in familial adenomatosus polyposis patients is 10 times higher than that in the general population. These findings raise the possibility that mutations of β-catenin may also be associated with the development of gastric cancer. We detected seven somatic mutations in a portion of exon 3 encoding for the glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation consensus region of the β-catenin gene in 43 gastric cancers. All of these mutations were missense mutations, of which five are in the highly conserved aspartic acid 32 and two are in serine 29; all of these seven mutations were detected exclusively in intestinal-type gastric cancers (7 of 26; 26.9%), but not in the diffuse-type (0 of 17). We concluded that disruption of the APC/β-catenin/T cell factor-lymphoid enhancer binding factor pathway might play an important role especially in the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer.
Ecology, Resource Redistribution, and Mormon Settlement in Northeastern Arizona

Successful Mormon colonization of the American West has largely been attributed to the adaptive advantage of cooperative Mormon values. This article shows that successful Mormon colonization of the Little Colorado River Basin had an ultimate ecological basis: the redistribution of surplus resources among settlements situated in dispersed and functionally independent local environments. Two systems of resource redistribution among 19th-century Little Colorado Mormon settlements are examined, showing that ecological considerations explain their differential success as adaptive mechanisms contributing to the success of this local colonization effort. The article concludes by suggesting that general ecology provides a useful theoretical framework for explaining successful Mormon colonization in this region and elsewhere.
Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide increase in nasal secretions after allergen challenge in atopic patients

Abstract Background: There is suggestive evidence that neuropeptides participate in allergic reactions. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are released by sensory nerves, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is released mainly by parasympathetic nerves. Both sets of nerves are thought to be stimulated by allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess nasal secretions to determine whether SP, CGRP, and VIP were increased after allergen challenge. Methods: Eight patients with allergic rhinitis were challenged nasally with 1 mg histamine or increasing doses of allergen. Nasal lavages were collected into a cocktail of protease inhibitors in order to restrict neuropeptide degradation. Radioimmunoassay for SP, CGRP, and VIP were performed on each sample. Results: All patients had immediate clinical reactions to both histamine and allergen challenges, and seven patients experienced a later allergic reaction. After histamine challenge, SP and CGRP did not increase significantly above baseline in the nasal lavages, whereas VIP did ( p p Conclusions: Thus SP, CGRP, and VIP are found in nasal secretions after allergen challenge, which confirms that neuropeptides are released in human beings during allergic reactions. The selective stimulation of VIP secretion by histamine challenge suggests that histamine-induced cholinergic reflexes induce the release of VIP. These data support the suggestion that neuropeptides may be partly responsible for some of the nasal symptoms of allergy.
The gauge theorem for a class of additive functionals of zero energy

In earlier works, the gauge theorem was proved for additive functionals of Brownian motion of the form ∫ 0 q(B s )ds, whereq is a function in the Kato class. Subsequently, the theorem was extended to additive functionals with Revuz measures μ in the Kato class. We prove that the gauge theorem holds for a large class of additive functionals of zero energy which are, in general, of unbounded variation. These additive functionals may not be semi-martingales, but correspond to a collection of distributions that belong to the Kato class in a suitable sense. Our gauge theorem generalizes the earlier versions of the gauge theorem.
How much information does an expert use? Is it relevant?

Abstract Many observers of expert decision makers have assumed an Information-Use Hypothesis: The amount of information used, as measured by number of significant cues, should be greater for experts than non-experts. Since prior studies consistently have shown that both expert and naive judgment can be described using few cues, the conclusion has been drawn that experts are limited decision makers. This paper takes a new look at this conclusion by reviewing recent literature on information use of experts and by presenting some new evidence. The results from five studies show that experts often have the same (or fewer) number of significant cues as novices, but that the information used is more relevant. Therefore, the amount of information used does not reflect degree of expertise; however, the type of information used does. This finding has implications for measurement of expertise, analysis of expert tasks, and generalizability of conclusions about experts.
Analysis of Test Case Computations and Experiments for the First Aeroelastic Prediction Workshop

This paper compares computational and experimental data from the Aeroelastic Prediction Workshop (AePW) held in April 2012. This workshop was designed as a series of technical interchange meetings to assess the state of the art of computational methods for predicting unsteady flowfields and static and dynamic aeroelastic response. The goals are to provide an impartial forum to evaluate the effectiveness of existing computer codes and modeling techniques to simulate aeroelastic problems and to identify computational and experimental areas needing additional research and development. Three subject configurations were chosen from existing wind-tunnel data sets where there is pertinent experimental data available for comparison. Participant researchers analyzed one or more of the subject configurations, and results from all of these computations were compared at the workshop.
Acute treatment with trimethyltin alters alcohol self-selection.

Male rats of the Long-Evans strain were divided into two equal groups of nine each and given either 7.0 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) or 0.9% saline by intragastric gavage. The pattern of self-selection of alcohol in concentrations of 3%–30% was examined in both groups at 21 and 150 days following the gavage. The TMT-treated rat consistently drank less alcohol that did the controls at every concentration of alcohol. This difference in alcohol intake was equally significant when the rats were tested in a foodcontigent, schedule-induced polydypsia situation. Further, although the TMT-lesioned animal consumed fewer calories per day in the form of alcohol, their overall daily caloric intakes were slightly higher than those of the controls. These results are interpreted as a consequence of damage to structures of the forebrain and as part of a syndrome of behavioral and neurological pathology.
Gas Phase UV Photochemistry Of NF 2 Dynamics And Kinetics Of NF(X 3 ∑) And NF(A 1 Δ) Radical Products And Direct Measurement Of The H + NF 2 Reaction Branching Ratio

In a series of experiments we have investigated the NF2 UV photolysis product distributions, the kinetics of those products, and the reaction of the parent NF2 with atomic hydrogen. Our experiment utilizes a teflon coated photolysis chamber which can be heated (420 K) and in which we flow the reagent tetrafluorohydrazine (N2F4: 10% mixture in Ar). At the photolysis cell temperature, the N2F4 pyrolyzes (98%) to form 2NF2. An excimer laser (248 nm, 193 nm) or a tunable UV laser (frequency up converted Nd-Yag pumped dye laser) is used as the photolysis source. The Nd-Yag pumped dye laser in the visible also serves as a pump in the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) studies of NF(X3∑). Two PMT's, are simultaneously used to detect the LIF from NF(X3∑) and fluorescence emission from NF(a1Δ). This capability allows us to simultaneously monitor both ground and excited state products following laser photolysis. Two computers are necessary for the experiment. The first monitors the LIF signal as a function of delay time between photolysis and probe laser, both laser energies, and the probe laser wavelength. The second computer is used to acquire data of the fluorescence emission as digitized by a fast transient recorder. We also monitor all gas mass flow meters, the cell temperature, and pressure.
Reactions of Laser-Ablated Niobium and Tantalum Atoms with NO. Infrared Spectra of the NMO, M(η1-NO)x (x = 2, 3), and (N2)(MO2) Molecules in Solid Argon

Laser-ablated Nb and Ta atoms react with NO to give primarily the NNbO and NTaO insertion products, which are identified from isotopic substitution and density functional calculations of isotopic frequencies. Although the mononitrosyls are not observed, annealing gives dinitrosyls the trinitrosyls for both metals. Photolysis markedly increases (N2)(NbO2) and (N2)(TaO2), which are stable end products for these reactions.
Brain potentials elicited by garden-path sentences : Evidence of the application of verb information during parsing

Event-related potentials were recorded from 13 scalp locations while participants read sentences containing a syntactic ambiguity. In Experiment 1, syntactically disambiguating words that were inconsistent with the "favored" syntactic analysis elicited a positive-going brain potential (P600). Experiment 2 examined whether syntactic ambiguities are resolved by application of a phrase-structure-based minimal attachment principle or by word-specific subcategorization information. P600 amplitude was a function of subcategorization biases rather than syntactic complexity. These findings indicate that such biases exist and can influence the parser under certain conditions and that P600 amplitude is a function of the perceived syntactic well-formedness of the sentence.
Are Our Students Prepared for University

The A-level curricula are not preparing students for a university education, concentrating more on knowledge than skills. However, because of aspects such as the modular design of A-levels, subject...
An immunohistochemical study of primary ovarian sarcoma. An evaluation of nine tumors.

Summary Nine cases of primary ovarian sarcoma were studied with a panel of 10 antibodies by using the avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase technique. Original diagnoses included five mixed mullerian tumors (MMT) homologous type, two MMT heterologous type, and two pure sarcomas (PS). Cytokeratin immunoreactivity was observed in epithelial components of all MMTs, but was not observed in PS. Two tumors originally classified as MMT also showed cytokeratin positivity in spindle-cell components. All the PSs and the spindle-cell components in six of seven MMTs showed positive staining for vimentin. Positive staining for desmin and myoglobin was found in one MMT in which cells with cytoplasmic cross-striations were identified on hematoxylin and eosin sections. However, less differentiated rhabdomyoblastic cells also stained for desmin and myoglobin, facilitating their recognition. Immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen was noted in well-differentiated epithelial components of six MMT cases. One case stained with antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen, four with S-100 protein, five with α-1-antitrypsin, and four with muramidase. No staining of stromal hyaline droplets was observed with any antibodies. Because of the immunohistochemical staining pattern, two of the original diagnoses were changed. Application of immunohis-tochemistry to spindle tumors of ovary is discussed.
Lateral Mode Enhancement in Curved VCSELs

We theoretically study a novel technique for improving the lateral mode enhancement of large-area oxide-confined VCSELs. Part of the Bragg stack is detuned from the central wavelength by concentrically varying its thickness. The resulting mirror reflectivity can be used to enhance the discrimination between lateral modes.
Effect of Methamidophos Residue on the Pentatomid Egg ParasitoidsTrissolcus basalisandT. utahensis(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Abstract Effects of methamidophos residue on adults and immatures of the pentatomid egg parasitoidsTrissolcus basalis(Wollaston) andT. utahensis(Ashmead) were assessed in the field and laboratory. Survival of adult females of both species exposed to field-treated tomato foliage was significantly reduced (ca. 50%) in the presence of 2- and 4-day old residues. Residues of as much as 16 days significantly reduced survival inT. basalisbut not inT. utahensis.Emergence ofT. basalisfrom egg masses ofNezara viridula(L.) exposed to the same field treatment was not significantly reduced, but survival of emergent adults was significantly reduced. Adult emergence of eitherT. basalisorT. utahensisfrom eggs ofEuschistus conspersusUhler and treated as pupae was not significantly affected, but survival of emergent females and males was significantly reduced for both species. When the parasitoids were treated as larvae, emergence rate was significantly reduced forT. basalisbut not forT. utahensis,and survival of emergent males and females was significantly reduced for both species. Reproductive capacity of emergent females was not significantly reduced in either species, but sex ratio of the progeny was male-biased for each species. Because postemergence survival of adults was greatly reduced by methamidophos treatment, percentage emergence of parasitoids from treated eggs is not an adequate measure of ecological selectivity of this insecticide.
Leaf Water Status in Velvetleaf under Long-term Interactions of Water Stress, Atmospheric Humidity, and Carbon Dioxide

Summary Well watered and water-stressed Abutilon theophrasti , were grown with relative humidity of 45 % or 85 % at 30°C and CO 2 concentrations of 350 or 650 μmol mol −1 . Elevated leaf water potentials of the water-stressed plants grown in both high and low humidities were caused by CO 2 enrichment. Elevated water content (kg m −2 leaf area) caused by CO 2 enrichment, higher water content at a given water potential, and notably lower rate in desiccation from detached leaves all occurred only in the plants grown in low humidity. These results may be related to enhanced dehydration resistance of the plants that experienced long-term low humidity.
Weighted empirical likelihood estimates and their robustness properties

Maximum likelihood methods are by far the most popular methods for deriving statistical estimators. However, parametric likelihoods require distributional specifications. The empirical likelihood is a nonparametric likelihood function that does not require such distributional assumptions, but is otherwise analogous to its parametric counterpart. Both likelihoods assume that the random variables are independent with a common distribution. A nonparametric likelihood function for data that are independent, but not necessarily identically distributed is introduced. The contaminated normal density is used to compare the robustness properties of weighted empirical likelihood estimators to empirical likelihood estimators. It is shown that as the contamination level of the sample increases, the root mean squared error of the empirical likelihood estimator for the mean increases. Conversely, the root mean squared error of the weighted empirical likelihood estimator for the mean remains closer to the theoretical root mean squared error.
Granular cell basal cell carcinoma

Granular cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare histologic variant of BCC. In this, the third reported case, the tumor consisted almost entirely of granular cells. By electron microscopy, these cells were filled with pleomorphic lysosome-like granules lined by unit membranes and containing homogeneous or granular electron-dense bodies, membranous debris and amorphous material. The epithelial origin of the tumor was suggested by the characteristic light microscopic appearance of tumor cell islands with some areas of peripheral palisading, and was confirmed by electron microscopic features of numerous well-formed pentalaminate desmosome junctions and sparse cytoplasmic tonofilament bundles, some of which showed attachments to the desmosomes. Histochemical immunoperoxidase stains for lysozyme showed no cytoplasmic lysozyme activity, in common with other granular cell tumors, but ultrastructural examination did not reveal angulate bodies, in contrast to findings in non-epithelial granular cell tumors.
Equity‐Linked Cross‐Currency International Financial Instruments: A Study of the Pricing of Euro‐Warrants

Although the Eurobond market has been reasonably welldeveloped for almost two decades, only recently has there been a proliferation of equity‐linked Eurobonds, as issuers have attempted to respond to historically high Eurobond interest rates and the opportunities to reduce the nominal yield of issues by providing for conversion of the bond or by attaching warrants for purchase of the stock of the issuer. From 1979 to 1983, some twenty‐three corporate issuers have attached warrants for stock purchase to Eurobond issues which were denominated in a currency different from that of the jurisdictional headquarters of the parent; twenty‐one issues were denominated in dollars, one (Jusco) in German marks, and one (Schering AG) in sterling. By nationality, nine issues were made by German firms, all of which are industrial leaders or major banks; seven issuers were Japanese; three, British; two, Swiss (both banks); and two Canadian (both Seagrams Co.).
On fractional calculus and fractional multipoles in electromagnetism

Using the concept and tools of fractional calculus, we introduce a definition for "fractional-order" multipoles of electric-charge densities, and we show that as far as their scalar potential distributions are concerned, such fractional-order multipoles effectively behave as "intermediate" sources bridging the gap between the cases of integer-order point multipoles such as point monopoles, point dipoles, point quadrupoles, etc. This technique, which involves fractional differentiation or integration of the Dirac delta function, provides a tool for formulating an electric source distribution whose potential functions can be obtained by using fractional differentiation or integration of potentials of integer-order point-multipoles of lower or higher orders. As illustrative examples, the cases of three-dimensional (point source) and two-dimensional (line source) problems in electrostatics are treated in detail, and an extension to the time-harmonic case is also addressed. In the three-dimensional electrostatic example, we suggest an electric-charge distribution which can be regarded as an "intermediate" case between cases of the electric-point monopole (point charge) and the electric-point dipole (point dipole), and we present its electrostatic potential which behaves as r/sup -(1+/spl alpha/)/P/sub /spl alpha//(-cos/spl theta/) where 0</spl alpha/<1 and P/sub /spl alpha//(/spl middot/) is the Legendre function of noninteger degree /spl alpha/, thus denoting this charge distribution as a fractional 2/sup /spl alpha//-pole. At the two limiting cases of /spl alpha/=0 and /spl alpha/=1, this fractional 2/sup /spl alpha//-pole becomes the standard point monopole and point dipole, respectively. A corresponding intermediate fractional-order multipole is also given for the two-dimensional electrostatic case. Potential applications of this treatment to the image method in electrostatic problems are briefly mentioned. Physical insights and interpretation for such fractional-order 2/sup /spl alpha//-poles are also given.
Effects of Germination of Wheat, Oats, and Pearl Millet on Alpha-Amylase Activity and Starch Degradation†

Hard red winter wheat, oats, and pearl millet were germinated at 15°C for periods up to 14 days. Endosperm areas in kernels fractured with a razor blade and starches isolated from the malted flours were examined with a scanning electron microscope to determine the morphology of starch granules and the nature of α-amylolytic attack on granules. Free sugars content, damaged starch content, and α-amylase activity of the flours were determined to establish relationships between physical changes in the cereal grains and formation of α-amylase during germination. Starch granules in the three cereals were degraded during germination by α-amylase accompanied by production of free sugars and increases in the damaged starch of flours milled from the germinated grains. The cementing material embedding starch granules in endosperms of wheat and oats decreased and disappeared during germination; these changes were not obvious in germinated millet endosperm. Amorphous-appearing material seemed to cover starch granules in the endosperm of wheat and oats during later stages of germination, but were not observed in the isolated starch granules. Although wheat starch granules had the highest α-amylase activity, this enzymic degradation was less than expected. Enzymic attack was evidenced as channels or pits on the surfaces of wheat and millet starch granules. Compound oat starch granules were relatively resistant to enzymic attack and no evidence of erosion of the granule surface was observed; small granula were released from the compound granules during germination. The most extensive degradation was obtained with millet starch, appearing as discrete holes leading to the interior of the granule. Concentric shells were visible in the interior of wheat and millet starch granules, but were not observed in oat starch granules.
Broken probes: toward the design of worn media

This article describes the development and use of broken probes: prompted processes of degradation that produce unique identifiers with which to associate and retrieve digitally recorded histories. We offer our design and deployment of Broken Probes as a methodology for eliciting insights into how broken objects and acts of breakage may be given new life through their integration with ubiquitous computing technologies. Based on these developments, we introduce the genre of worn media--a variety of computational material with which to frame and critically examine the manifestation of wear among digital things. We end by discussing how the genre of worn media sensitizes designers and Ubicomp researchers to issues of incompleteness, impermanence, and imperfection to help account for the ethical, material, and historical terms of endurance in a digital age.