cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Involvement of oligosaccharide changes in alpha5beta1 integrin in a cisplatin-resistant human squamous cell carcinoma cell line

1203 Multiple mechanisms are involved in the resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin including, the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and enhanced DNA repair. Here, we report findings to show that oligosaccharide changes in alpha5beta1 integrin are associated with cisplatin resistance in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-2. Cisplatin-resistant HSC-2 (HSC-2/CR) cells were established by step-wise treatment with various concentrations of cisplatin. The oligosaccharides containing beta1-6GlcNAc branching, detected by L4-PHA lectin blot, were found to be dramatically decreased in alpha5beta1 integrin immunoprecipitated from HSC-2/CR cells. To better understand the mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance and oligosaccharide alteration, we analyzed the down-stream signaling of alpha5beta1 integrin, one of the target glycoproteins of beta1-6GlcNAc transferase (GnT-V). Cell adhesion to fibronectin, as well as phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), these molecules associated with alpha5beta1 integrin and involved in a cell survival signaling were found to be increased in the cisplatin-resistant cells. Enhancement of the inhibition of cell adhesion and FAK phosphorylation also support the above data in GnT-V-overexpressed transfectants. Interestingly, the differences in sensitivity to cisplatin and FAK phosphorylation between cisplatin-sensitive and –resistant cells were completely abolished by treatment with a neutral antibody of alpha5beta1 integrin. These results suggest that modification of oligosaccharides of alpha5beta1 integrin represents one of the possible mechanisms of drug-resistance in head and neck cancer cells. Fig. GnT-V transfected HSC-2 cells showed decreases in cisplatin resistance.
Remote Patient Management in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: A Promising New Tool

Remote patient management (RPM) has the potential to help clinicians detect early issues, allowing intervention prior to development of more significant problems. A 23-year-old end-stage kidney disease patient required urgent start of renal replacement therapy. A newly available automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) RPM system with cloud-based connectivity was implemented in her care. Pre-defined RPM threshold parameters were set to identify clinically relevant issues. Red flag dashboard alerts heralded prolonged drain times leading to clinical evaluation with subsequent diagnosis of and surgical repositioning for catheter displacement, although it took several days for newly-RPM-exposed staff to recognize this issue. Post-PD catheter repositioning, drain times were again normal as indicated by disappearance of flag alerts and unremarkable cycle volume profiles. Identification of < 90% adherence to prescribed PD therapy was then documented with the RPM system, alerting the clinical staff to address this important issue given its association with significant negative clinical outcomes. Healthcare providers face a "learning curve" to effect optimal utilization of the RPM tool. Larger scale observational studies will determine the impact of RPM on APD technique survival and resource utilization.
Improved Classification of Anemias by MCV and RDW

New automated blood cell analyzers provide an index of red cell volume distribution width (RDW) or heterogeneity and a histogram display of red cell volume distribution. We have developed a classification of red cell disorders, based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or red cell size, heterogeneity, and histograms, to guide diagnosis from the peripheral blood analysis. The distinction of iron deficiency anemia from heterozygous thalassemia or the anemia of chronic disease and the detection of early iron and folate deficiency is improved. Red cell volume distribution histograms identify red cell fragmentation or agglutination, dimorphic populations, and artifactual counting of lymphocytes as red cells. We recommend the use of these new variables in the initial classification of anemia by the practicing physician.
Healthcare Reform for Imagers: Finding a Way Forward Now

The changing healthcare environment presents many challenges to cardiovascular imagers. This perspective paper uses current trends to propose strategies that cardiovascular imagers can follow to lead in managing change and developing the imaging laboratory of the future. In the area of quality, imagers are encouraged to follow guidelines and standards, implement structured reporting and laboratory databases, adopt ongoing quality improvement programs, and use benchmarks to confirm imaging quality. In the area of access, imagers are encouraged to enhance availability of testing, focus on patient and referring physician value and satisfaction, collaboratively implement new technologies and uses of imaging, integrate health information technology in the laboratory, and work toward the appropriate inclusion of imaging in new healthcare delivery models. In the area of cost, imagers are encouraged to minimize laboratory operating expenses without compromising quality, and to take an active role in care redesign initiatives to ensure that imaging is utilized appropriately and at proper time intervals. Imagers are also encouraged to learn leadership and management skills, undertake strategic planning exercises, and build strong, collaborative teams. Although it is difficult to predict the future of cardiovascular imaging delivery, a reasonable sense of the likely direction of many changes and careful attention to the fundamentals of good health care (quality, access, and cost) can help imagers to thrive now and in the future.
Simulation in Cardiothoracic Surgery

Surgical simulation can provide a less stressful environment for graduated training of technical skills and crisis management and a means for proficiency assessment. The cardiothoracic surgery leadership has focused efforts in simulation-based learning, including the Thoracic Surgery Visioning Conference, “Boot Camp,” and “Senior Tour.” These efforts have increased our understanding of the utility of surgical simulators and provided a venue to address barriers to adoption. Because procedures in surgery can be partitioned into components, one emphasis in cardiothoracic surgery simulation has been to provide the trainee with models that can be used for deliberate and distributed practice. Ultimately, cardiothoracic surgery training must be proficiency based; the challenge of such an approach is to develop valid methods of assessment and to establish passing standards for technical skills ability. Thus, simulation-based learning may not only provide an opportunity to identify the methods for training and remediation but also help to define the competence levels for each stage of training.
Chronic Ethanol Ingestion by Rodents: Effects on Brain RNA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on the brain of rodents. In brain tissue, besides their role in cellular metabolism, proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA) are thought to have distinctive functions. There is strong evidence that mnemonic processes are clearly impaired as a function of alcohol ingestion, though the precise nature of this effect still requires further elucidation. Animal studies have also demonstrated impairment in brain functions following chronic ethanol ingestion. In a study described in the chapter, adverse effects of chronic ethanolism were observed in the in vivo labeling of transfer RNA, mitochondrial RNA, and ribosomal RNA. Inhibition of mitochondrial RNA as a result of ethanol is of great interest as most of the intramitochondrial RNA is not nuclear in origin and, therefore, the effects observed on this organelle are independent of the effects demonstrated on the nuclear fraction. Long-term ethanol ingestion was shown to have a differential effect on the labeling of rRNA in two different populations of ribosomes. Labeling of free rRNA was found to be decreased under conditions where labeling of bound rRNA was increased.
Teaching “Global Childhoods”: From a Cultural Mapping of “Them” to a Diagnostic Reading of “Us/US”

As scholars researching children and childhood, most of us have an additional important role of teaching on these themes. Pedagogic strategies can, therefore, play a key role in encouraging students to move beyond binary categorization of children’s lives into “them” versus “us”. Often, what is left out of this reductive framing are questions of history and political economy as well as a critical reading of power, philanthropy, and the politics of media representations. This chapter offers a specific focus on the intellectual and pedagogical complexities, efforts, and challenges in teaching a course on “Global Childhoods” to undergraduates in Camden, NJ. This course compelled me to open up the “global” beyond a discussion of childhoods as multiple to instead rework the term to function as a productive node to discuss the flow of ideas, persons, commodities, media, and policies that affect children’s lives around the world, including those in Camden.
Convergent identifications, divergent meanings: the racial and ethnic identities of second-generation West African youth

ABSTRACTPrior research on Black immigrants in the US has almost exclusively focused on those from the Caribbean. Yet African immigrants are poised to become the largest Black immigrant group in the...
Content Analysis of Interviews with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Drivers in Los Angeles

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) are zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) and their widespread adoption may help to mitigate some of the issues arising from fossil-fuel usage in the transportation sect...
Decision-based behavior modeling of software-intensive systems

Abstract This paper assumes a software-intensive system embedded in an environment of entities and their attributes. Behavior of the system, for which software is responsible, is its effect on selected attributes in the environment. A useful model would record relevant entities and attributes; distinguish attributes the system affects; record that effect with sufficient precision to be executed; organize it to maintain intellectual control and constrain the impact of change during development, sustainment, and assurance; and organize it to make efficient use of processing and communication resources.
Making It Real: Neuroscience and the Narrative Mode in Prison Dog Programs

A common criticism of the research on the human-animal bond is that it is overly reliant on first- person accounts of experience and, if the field is to be taken seriously, it should focus on experimental design research only. This chapter deliberately challenges the widespread practice of dismissing verbal and written accounts of life experiences in prison dog programs (PDPs) as “anecdotal”, arguing instead that narratives are a way to give voice to the marginalized. It takes the stance that personal narratives—defined specifically here as accounts of lived experience, told by those who experienced them, and written in story format—have a rightful place in the literature. The chapter begins with a rationale for the narrative mode that draws upon recent findings from the field of neuroscience. Next, it describes—and illustrates with the words of inmates and staff from prison dog programs—important functions of story in this field. The six key roles for narrative addressed are: (1) supporting the identity work of inmates, (2) invigorating teaching, (3) furthering staff members’ professional development, (4) communicating PDPs’ value to the public, (5) sharing the successes of inmate-trained dogs, and (6) conducting research in correctional settings. The chapter concludes with the assertion that there is a legitimate place for first-person accounts of experience in prison dog programs.
Waismann on belief and knowledge

Annalisa Coliva draws attention to Waismann’s acute attention to fine-grained linguistic distinctions in the use of English epistemic vocabulary. Coliva notes that although Waismann often misses out on directing these observations to an overarching philosophical analysis, he does come close to Wittgenstein’s groundbreaking views regarding a phrase like “I know” when used in relation to hinges and avowals. The sketchiness of Waismann’s remarks notwithstanding, the two papers achieve to raise momentous philosophical points. He analyses knowing in certain cases as a limiting case of believing, which for Coliva could have dramatic consequences for knowledge-first epistemologies.
School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine: When You Don’t Need to “STOP AT AN ER STAT!”—The Role of Urgent Care Centers in the Management of Students With Nonemergent Chief Complaints:

In the midst of our nation’s growing primary care provider shortage and subsequent overutilization of the emergency room (ER), urgent care centers represent an accessible, convenient, and affordabl...
Molecular analysis of a Shaker-related K+ channel in leech

Four subfamilies of voltage-gated K"*" channels {Shaker, Shal, Shab and Shaw) have been defined that are present in many species to regulate neuronal excitability. The well characterized simple leech nervous system is ideal to study the roles K+ channels have in regulating neuronal circuits. As a starting point for studies to examine the role of K+ channels in well defined leech circuitry, we report the isolation of a Shaker-related K+ channel, called LK-1, in the two leech species Haemopis marmorota and Hirudo medicinalis. Haemopis and Hirudo LK-1 share 96% identity at the nucleic acid level and in the core region of the channel protein suggesting that the LK-1 K+ channel may play a functionally conserved role in leech neurons. LK-1 sequence encodes a protein of 454 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 51 kD. Phylogenetic analysis of LK-1 places it as a separate subfamily that is related to the Shaker subfamily. Tissue specific RT-PCR results detect LK-1 message in adult leech CNS and in El 5-20 stage embryos. LK-1 antisera, generated to the N terminus, detect a 54 kD protein band in leech CNS extract. The LK-1 antisera staining pattern shows that LK-1 protein is present in most neurons in the adult and embryonic leech CNS and is also found in axons and neurites in the PNS of different stage embryos. These results suggest that LK-1 encodes a novel Shaker-relaXed K+ channel which is expressed in the adult leech and developing embryo. iNeuroscience Program, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Signal Transduction Training Group, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames Iowa 50011 2 Department of Anesthesiology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas Texas 75235
A Benchmark for Visual-Inertial Odometry Systems Employing Onboard Illumination

We present a dataset for evaluating the performance of visual-inertial odometry (VIO) systems employing an onboard light source. The dataset consists of 39 sequences, recorded in mines, tunnels, and other dark environments, totaling more than 160 minutes of stereo camera video and IMU data. In each sequence, the scene is illuminated by an onboard light of approximately 1300, 4500, or 9000 lumens. We accommodate both direct and indirect visual odometry methods by providing the geometric and photometric camera calibrations (i.e. response, attenuation, and exposure times). In contrast with existing datasets, we also calibrate the light source itself and publish data for inferring more complex light models. Ground-truth position data are available for a subset of sequences, as captured by a Leica total station. All remaining sequences start and end at the same position, permitting the use of total accumulated drift as a metric for evaluation. Using our proposed benchmark, we analyze the performance of several start-of-the-art VO and VIO frame-works. The full dataset, including sensor data, calibration sequences, and evaluation scripts, is publicly available online at http://arpg.colorado.edu/research/oivio.
Global Alliance for Genomics and Health Meets Bioconductor: Toward Reproducible and Agile Cancer Genomics at Cloud Scale.

PURPOSEInstitutional efforts toward the democratization of cloud-scale data and analysis methods for cancer genomics are proceeding rapidly. As part of this effort, we bridge two major bioinformati...
High-risk surgery among older adults: Not-quite shared decision-making.

Abstract Background Shared decision-making is critical to optimal patient-centered care. For elective operations, when there is sufficient time for deliberate discussion, little is known about how surgeons navigate decision-making and how surgeons align care with patient preferences. In this context, we sought to explore surgeons’ approaches to decision-making for adults ≥65 years at high-risk of postoperative complications or death. Methods We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with 46 practicing surgeons across Michigan. Transcripts were iteratively analyzed through steps informed by inductive thematic analysis. Results Four major themes emerged characterizing how surgeons approach high-risk surgical decision-making for older adults: (1) risk assessment was defined as the process used by surgeons to identify and analyze factors that may negatively impact outcome; (2) expectations and goals described the process of surgeons engaging with patients and families to discuss potential outcomes and desired objectives; (3) external and internal motivating factors outlined extrinsic dynamics (eg, quality metrics, referrals) and intrinsic drivers (eg, surgeons’ personal experiences) that influenced high-risk decision-making; and (4) decision-making approaches and challenges encompassed the roles of patients and surgeons and obstacles to engaging in a true shared decision-making process. Conclusion Although shared decision-making is strongly recommended, we found that surgeons who perform high-risk operations among older adults predominantly focused on assessing risk and setting expectations with patients and families rather than inviting them to actively participate in the decision-making process. Surgeons also reported influences on decision-making from quality metrics, referrals, and personal experiences. Patient involvement, however, was seldom discussed suggesting that surgeons may not be engaging in true shared decision-making when benefits should be weighed against a high likelihood of harm.
Power to the People: Why the Armed Career Criminal Act is Unconstitutional

In our constitutional democracy, it is the people who hold ultimate power over every branch of government, including authority over the judiciary through the jury trial guarantee of the Sixth Amendment. However, the traditional view of recidivist statutes, including the federal Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”), exempts the fact of a defendant’s prior convictions from the Sixth Amendment jury trial promise. Specifically, prosecutors and federal judges have removed from juries and given to sentencing judges the power to determine prior crimes that enhance a defendant’s sentence under the ACCA by labeling a recidivist finding a sentencing factor rather than an element of the offense. In this article, I argue the recidivist statute exemption, primarily exercised in federal law through the vehicle of Almendarez-Torres v. United States, violates the Constitution; defies the Court’s revived focus on the jury trial right through the Apprendi v. New Jersey line of cases requiring any fact that increases a defendant’s sentencing range to be found by the jury or admitted by the defendant at the guilty plea; and disregards the Court’s due process focus in the Taylor v. United States line of cases prohibiting factfinding under the ACCA. I present my theory by examining the ACCA’s different occasions clause, a lesser known but potent provision that in theory imposes the ACCA’s mandatory minimum sentence of fifteen years only when recidivist crimes are “committed on occasions different from one another.” In practice, judges impose the different occasions clause by engaging in complex judicial factfinding at sentencing by a lower preponderance of the evidence standard regarding the who, what, when, where, and why of prior crimes. Judges who label the different occasions clause a sentencing factor rather than an element of the offense act in disregard of the jury trial right, due process guarantee, and legislative intent of the ACCA. I argue that the Constitution requires the ACCA different occasions clause to be decided by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt in a bifurcated trial. Judicial removal of the different occasions clause from jury scrutiny dramatically illustrates why a new approach enforcing the Sixth Amendment jury trial right to the ACCA different occasions clause is long overdue.
Distinct in vivo dynamics of excitatory synapses onto cortical pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons.

Summary Cortical function relies on the balanced activation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. However, little is known about the organization and dynamics of shaft excitatory synapses onto cortical inhibitory interneurons. Here, we use the excitatory postsynaptic marker PSD-95, fluorescently labeled at endogenous levels, as a proxy for excitatory synapses onto layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the barrel cortex of adult mice. Longitudinal in vivo imaging under baseline conditions reveals that, although synaptic weights in both neuronal types are log-normally distributed, synapses onto PV+ neurons are less heterogeneous and more stable. Markov model analyses suggest that the synaptic weight distribution is set intrinsically by ongoing cell-type-specific dynamics, and substantial changes are due to accumulated gradual changes. Synaptic weight dynamics are multiplicative, i.e., changes scale with weights, although PV+ synapses also exhibit an additive component. These results reveal that cell-type-specific processes govern cortical synaptic strengths and dynamics.
Pressure Effects on Ligand Binding Kinetics and the Heme Environment in Myoglobin

The multistep kinetics of ligand binding to myoglobin is investigated at variable pressure (0.1 – 190 MPa) and temperature (180 – 300 K). The amplitude of the geminate rebinding process increases with pressure corresponding to a smaller escape fraction of ligands into the solvent. High pressures may alter the accessibility of internal cavities in the protein and specific ligand pathways.
The Importance of Grain Size in Communication Within Cyber-Physical Systems

This chapter will look at various applications of natural language communication to cyber-physical systems. One of the assumptions that it makes is that such communication is not only necessary for the future systems, but also should be done on a level acceptable and natural to humans, rather than training them to accommodate machine capabilities with exact and precise commands. We will address a grain size of commands or descriptions that could be given to a system—at the same time the physical capabilities of a system will be sketched only as needed for purposes of examples. The range of commands that we are talking about is a typical algorithmic description of a task at the low level and a natural one for a human task description on the high level. A low, more detailed, fine-grain-sized level is assumed to exist already. The higher, coarser-grain-sized level is what we are striving for, in the sense of being able to switch to it automatically when convenient, i.e., to pay with some vagueness, as people and language do, for the ease of not having to resolve an ambiguity.
Purification and characterization of two major toxic proteins from seeds of Abrus precatorius.

A purification procedure is described for two major toxic proteins from seeds of Abrus precatorius by successive chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50, carboxymethyl-cellulose, and DEAE-cellulose. The two toxins obtained both appeared homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. Abrin A, the more positively charged protein obtained from the DEAE-cellulose chromatography, can be crystallized as needles from ammonium sulfate solution by the free interface diffusion technique; under various similar conditions, the other fraction, abrin C, failed to yield crystals. X-ray precession photographs have indicated that abrin A crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell of symmetry P212121 and dimensions a = 74.9, b = 269.8, and c = 70.3 A. The amino acid composition of abrins A and C are different. Molecular weights determined by sedimentation equilibrium are 60,100 for A as compared to 63,800 for C. After A has been treated with 2-mercaptoethanol at 100° for 2 min, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate gives rise to one strong (corresponding to apparent subunit molecular weight of 32,000) and two much weaker bands. This is in sharp contrast with the pattern for C, two bands of approximately equal intensity, corresponding to apparent subunit molecular weights of 33,000 and 28,000. The two proteins also behave differently in affinity chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column. Abrin C at 1 µg per ml concentration level agglutinates sheep erythrocytes, whereas abrin A shows no such activity even at 40 µg per ml concentration level. Abrin C exhibits a more toxic effect on mice than abrin A. These differences in physicochemical and biological properties for the two abrins are presented in detail.
Gravitational matter-antimatter asymmetry and four-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge symmetry

A formulation of gravity based on the maximum four-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge symmetry is studied. The theory predicts that the gravitational force inside matter (fermions) is different from that inside antimatter. This difference could lead to the cosmic separation of matter and antimatter in the evolution of the universe. Moreover, a new gravitational long-range spin-force between two fermions is predicted, in addition to the usual Newtonian force. The geometrical foundation of such a gravitational theory is the Riemann-Cartan geometry, in which there is a torsion. The results of the theory for weak fields are consistent with previous experiments.
Transcription termination in Escherichia coli: Measurement of the rate of enzyme release from rho-independent terminators

Abstract The termination/release phase of transcription must involve at least three major steps: cessation of elongation; release of the transcript; and release of the RNA polymerase. We have devised a novel method for measuring the rate of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase release during transcription termination. The method is based on a kinetic analysis of the rate of RNA synthesis during steady-state transcription. Using this method with defined transcription units, we have found that RNA polymerase release occurs rapidly from several rho-independent terminators. Enzyme release from the T7 early terminator occurs within 13(± 3) seconds of the cessation of elongation. Neither nusA protein nor supercoiling of the DNA template affects the rate of enzyme release. However, addition of excess sigma factor significantly increases the rate of enzyme recycling during the steady state. Since added sigma factor does not alter the rates of initiation and elongation by E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme, it appears that sigma factor stimulates one or more steps in the termination/release process and reduces the rate of enzyme release to a few seconds. We present evidence that suggests sigma may be directly involved in catalyzing release of the core RNA polymerase from the DNA template during transcription termination. The rapid rates of enzyme release we measure make it difficult to be certain of the exact pathway of events that occur in the termination/release phase of transcription. The most plausible pathway involves initial release of the RNA transcript followed by release of core RNA polymerase from the DNA. Studies on the properties of core polymerase-RNA complexes indicate that core polymerase and the RNA transcript probably do not dissociate as a complex from the terminator. Furthermore, these core-RNA complexes are too stable to represent significant intermediates in the termination/release pathway, at least in the early steps of the reaction.
Sailing: A Sport for Kings and Vagabonds

(1934). Sailing: A Sport for Kings and Vagabonds. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 3-50.
The Superior Approach to the Mitral Valve: A Review of Clinical Experience

Abstract Our experience with the superior approach to the mitral valve includes 305 patients. The superior aspect of the left atrium as it presents in the transverse sinus between the aorta and superior vena cava is incised transversely to gain access to the valve. Care must be taken to avoid injuring the area adjacent to the aortic root. This approach consistently affords good exposure to the commissures and subvalvular structures of the mitral valve. Careful hemostasis is necessary in closing the atrium, as control of bleeding is difficult after bypass is discontinued. Using this exposure, we have operated upon 210 female and 95 male patients. The approach is especially effective when the aortic valve must be corrected in addition to the mitral valve. There were 50 patients in whom multiple valves were corrected. The overall mortality in this series is 9%. We believe that the method compares very favorably with other methods now in use.
Stress intensity factors for a crack encircled by an annular inclusion in an infinite plane

In this paper, the authors consider the case of a crack encircled by an annular inclusion in an infinite media subjected to uniaxial traction. This problem stems from the micro-mechanical study of matrix cracking in ceramic composites. To approach the crack-inclusion problem, the corresponding dislocation solution is sought first, then by superposition and integration, the crack problem may be reduced to a perturbation problem and formulated in terms of a singular integral equation. The stress intensity factors of the crack are related to the solution of the singular integral equation and can be evaluated accurately by Gaussian quadrature. Numerical results of the stress intensity factors are presented in tabular and graphical forms for a variety of inclusion-crack configurations or material combinations. Effect of mechanical mismatch and the normalized annulus widths on the crack propagation is studied.
Integrated State of Oncornavirus DNA in Normal Chicken Cells and in Cells Transformed by Avian Myeloblastosis Virus

The covalent linkage of oncornavirus-specific DNA to chicken DNA was investigated in normal chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and in virus-producing leukemic cells transformed by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). The virus-specific sequences present in cellular DNA fractionated by different methods were detected by DNA-RNA hybridization by using 70S AMV RNA as a probe. In CEF and in leukemic cells, the viral DNA appeared to be present only in the nucleus. After cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density equilibrium sedimentation, the viral DNA was present as linear, double-stranded molecules not separable from linear chicken DNA. After extraction by the Hirt procedure, the viral DNA precipitated with the high-molecular-weight DNA. After alkaline sucrose velocity sedimentation, the viral DNA cosedimented with the high-molecular-weight cellular DNA. The results indicate that in both types of cells studied, the oncornavirus-specific DNA sequences were linked by alkali stable bonds to nuclear cellular DNA of high molecular weight and did not appear to be present in free form of any size.
Experience in Cambodia With the Use of a Culturally Relevant Developmental Milestone Chart for Children in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries

The awareness and knowledge of developmental milestones among health practitioners need to be enhanced to better enable early identification and intervention with children who have delays in development, intellectual deficit, and developmental disabilities and are residents in low-and middle-income countries. To meet this end, a simple one-page check-off developmental milestone chart for age groups birth to eight years was developed as an outgrowth of a training program for pediatricians in Cambodia. Expected milestones for gross motor, fine motor, language, and social development were charted for each age group, and then validation trials were performed in an outpatient clinic over two years. It was observed that 25% and 31.5% of children failed to achieve one or more age-appropriate developmental milestones in trials held in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The author observes that referral for further evaluation, parental education/support, early child care, and early intervention would need to be based on subsequent trials of more culturally accurate local milestones, and further studies to determine an acceptable number of milestone failures that would yield the least false positives. Similar processes for developing instruments, utilizing local culturally appropriate developmental milestones, are recommended for training purposes and regular clinic use in other low- and middle- income countries.
Dorfman-Type Group Testing for a Modified Binomial Model

Abstract In this article we introduce a new group-testing model which we refer to as the modified binomial model. This new model, when applicable, not only requires a smaller per unit expected number of tests to identify all units (in a population of dichotomous units) than does the frequently considered binomial model, but also is always preferable to individual testing. We consider optimal Dorfman-type procedures under the modified model and present methods for determining the best choices of group sizes for both finite and infinite population cases. We also offer some new results for the binomial model.
Hey, Look Who Took This Out!-Privacy in the Electronic Library

ABSTRACT No one can predict what document delivery will look like in the future, but librarians must guard patron confidentiality even in an electronic environment. This time it isn't an easily solved problem like finding another way of recording circulation than handwriting patron names onto circulation cards, it is instead the tracking of personal information attached to electronic text supplied by publishers that is a potential violator of patron privacy. Unmonitored in their efforts to protect their intellectual property without considering the rights of their customers, publishers could pose a threat to their customers' privacy, thus limiting their legal right of free access to information. Although encryption technology would appear to provide an answer to the confidentiality problem, it is not a panacea and that must be considered as the National Information Infrastructure is developed. Librarians need to stay alert to the developments in electronic publishing to be sure their concerns for patron p...
Injection, transport, and recombination in organic light-emitting diodes

Efficient conversion of electrical to optical energy in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) depends on balancing the flux of holes injected at the anode with that of electrons at the cathode. In this paper, we discuss several concepts related to optimizing the power efficiency of OLEDs, and put them in the context of analytic and numerical models for OLED operation. A simple argument is used to relate the charge injection rate from each electrode to measurable properties of the organic layer, deriving the equivalent of the Richardson-Dushman equation for the metal-organic interface. We discuss the role of charge density in dictating the importance of both space charge effects and recombination. These ideas are illustrated with experimental data from device structures which exemplify the various types of behavior predicted.
GERIATRICS IN MANAGED CARE: The Role of the Geriatrician in Managed Care: Opportunities and Responsibilities

Managed care offers unique opportunities to the geriatrician. Geriatricians in managed care can facilitate the provision of high quality comprehensive care for older populations and do so within reasonable financial limits. With the financial incentives of Medicare Risk contracts, the geriatrician can ensure that care is not rationed inappropriately, nor is it overutilized. As pointed out by Boult in the article on systems of care for older populations, there are several creative possibilities for programs and clinical approaches that can take advantage of the systems in place in managed care. Managed care needs to emphasize integration of multiple programs that focus on the care of the chronically ill older adult and, at the same time, prevent the fragmentation of care that so often occurs in care delivery. With so many organizations merging and the level of complexity of healthcare systems becoming increasingly complex, programs directed specifically toward the older adult must be developed and maintained. Geriatricians must be in leadership positions to ensure this happens successfully. Possible roles for the geriatrician to undertake within a managed care organization and their potential time commitment are shown in Table 1. The assumption is that in most cases each position would not be full time and that the term half-day is defined as 3 to 4 hours in a week that is made up of 10 half-days.
Conditioning of the secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to YC8 tumor

Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that conditioned resistance to the syngeneic YC8 lymphoma was established by multiple conditioned stimulus (CS)/unconditioned stimulus (US) associations. The conditioned stimulus used was exposure to the odor of camphor for 1 h and the unconditioned stimulus was an injection of DBA/2 spleen cell alloantigen that shares minor histocompatibility determinants with the YC8 lymphoma. To demonstrate a cellular basis for immune resistance to the YC8 tumor, BALB/c mice primed with DBA/2 spleen cell alloantigen were conditioned using a single trial CS/US association paradigm. Conditioned animals showed a measurable conditioned elevation of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to the YC8 tumor. Control groups in which the CS and US were not given in the proper sequence were unable to mount a conditioned response. These studies show that a secondary CTL response can be upregulated by the central nervous system (CNS).
Brief Report: Circumscribed Attention in Young Children with Autism

School-aged children and adolescents with autism demonstrate circumscribed attentional patterns to nonsocial aspects of complex visual arrays (Sasson et al. 2008). The current study downward extended these findings to a sample of 2–5 year-olds with autism and 2–5 year-old typically developing children. Eye-tracking was used to quantify discrete aspects of visual attention to picture arrays containing combinations of social pictures, pictures of objects frequently involved in circumscribed interests in persons with autism (e.g., trains), and pictures of more commonplace objects (e.g., clothing). The children with autism exhibited greater exploration and perseverative attention on objects related to circumscribed interests than did typically developing children. Results suggest that circumscribed attention may be an early emerging characteristic of autism.
An experimental model for visual studies of turbulent flow in porous materials

A two-dimensional experimental model has been developed to simulate turbulent flow in porous materials. It uses cross flow through a matrix of cylinders between parallel plexiglass plates. Matrix geometry was chosen to approximate a bed of packed spheres. Pressure loss and axial dispersion in several models have been measured over a wide range of flow rates in the non-Darcy region. Photographs have been taken of flow patterns developed in the transition from laminar to fully turbulent flow. All typical characteristics of flow through beds of packed spheres were exhibited; however, both pressure loss and dispersion differed somewhat when compared to similar three-dimensional flow. On a mis au point un modele experimental a deux dimensions pour reproduire un ecoulement turbulent dans des materiaux poreux; on a employe a cette fin un ecoulement transversal dans une matrice de cylindres entre des plateaux paralleles en Plexiglas (on a utilise la geometrie de la matrice pour reproduire approximativement un lit de spheres garnies). On a mesure la perte en pression et la dispersion axialie dans plusieurs modeles pour une vaste echelle de vitesses d'ecoulement dans la region qui ne correspond pas a celle de Darcy. On a photographie les modeles d'ecoulement produits lors de la transition d'un ecoulement laminaire a un ecoulement entierement turbulent. On a etale toutes les proprietes typiques d'un ecoulement dans des lits de spheres garnies, mais la deperdition de pression et la dispersion ont differe un peu, lorsqu'on les a comparees a celles d'un ecoulement semblable a 3 dimensions.
Incidence of Toxic Alternaria Species in Small Grains from the USA

A total of 230 small grain samples from me U.S.A. (148 wheat, 57 barley, 2.5 rye) were examined for the presence of species of Alternaria mold after surface disinfection with 5% sodium hypochlorite. One or more of nine different Alternaria species were detected in 184 of the samples. Of the eight species tested, all produced tenuazonic acid and seven produced alternariol and alternariol methyl ether. Production of these toxins by four of the species is reported for the fist time. Although extracts from cultures of the eight species were toxic to brine shrimp, the above three toxins were not involved, suggesting that additional toxic metabolites were present.
Limiting factors in posterior movements of mandibular condyles

Abstract It appears that neither the temporomandibular nor the capsular ligaments are responsible for limiting posterior border movements of the mandible. Further investigation of this problem is indicated.
Financial Services Industry PAC Contributions and Senate Committee Membership

This paper explores the relationship between relevant senate committee membership and campaign contributions from financial services industry political action committees (PACs) from 1998 to 2002. Since this was a period of significant legislative activity affecting the industry, it provides a fruitful time period to investigate the relationship between contributions and committee membership. It is found that membership on the Senate Banking Committee is consistently related to contributions from financial services PACs. Membership on the Senate Finance Committee is related to PAC contributions from some sectors of the industry for some time periods. It is also found that contributions are significantly higher for those senators facing re-election in the particular election cycle. The importance of relevant committee membershipto PAC contributions in the senate is consistent with previous work dealing with the House.
Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the stationary dynamics of partially saturated media during steady-state infiltration flow

Flow in porous media and the resultant hydrodynamics are important in fields including but not limited to the hydrology, chemical, medical and petroleum industries. The observation and understanding of the hydrodynamics in porous media are critical to the design and optimal utilization of porous media, such as those seen in trickle-bed reactors, medical filters, subsurface flows and carbon sequestration. Magnetic resonance (MR) provides for a non-invasive technique that can probe the hydrodynamics on pore and bulk scale lengths; many previous works have characterized fully saturated porous media, while rapid MR imaging (MRI) methods in particular have previously been applied to partially saturated flows. We present time- and ensemble-averaged MR measurements to observe the effects on a bead pack partially saturated with air under flowing water conditions. The 10 mm internal diameter bead pack was filled with 100 μm borosilicate glass beads. Air was injected into the bead pack as water flowed simultaneously through the sample at 25 ml h−1. The initial partially saturated state was characterized with MRI density maps, free induction decay (FID) experiments, propagators and velocity maps before the water flow rate was increased incrementally from 25 to 500 ml h−1. After the maximum flow rate of 500 ml h−1, the MRI density maps, FID experiments, propagators and velocity maps were repeated and compared to the data taken before the maximum flow rate. This work shows that a partially saturated single-phase flow has global flow dynamics that return to characteristic flow statistics once a steady-state high flow rate has been reached. This high flow rate pushed out a significant amount of the air in the bead pack and caused the return of a preferential flow pattern. Velocity maps indicated that local flow statistics were not the same for the before and after blow out conditions. It has been suggested and shown previously that a flow pattern can return to similar statistics if the preceding flow history is similar.
Murine "housekeeping" enzyme (genetic locus: Idh-1) is regulated in an allele-specific manner.

The murine “housekeeping” enzyme, cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.42) (genetic locus:Idh-1), exhibited a complex pattern of allele-specific expression. Protein electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate gels and determination of relative enzymatic activity by means of densitometry revealed that in heart tissue (but not liver tissue) of certain hybrid crosses the AA-homodimer was underrepresented relative to total enzymatic activity, and the degree of underrepresentation changed during development. In mixtures of homozygous tissue extracts of heart tissue (but not liver tissue) the AA-homodimer was underrepresented relative to the BB-homodimer. Relative activity of allelic isozymes varied as a function of tissue (heart versus liver), age, and the parental source of the Idh-1a allele, but did not vary as a function of sex. Allele-specific expression was also exhibited in kidney tissue of the same animals. In adult male kidney tissue extracts from heterozygotes, the AA-hornodimer was underrepresented relative to total enzymatic activity; in adult female kidney tissue extracts from heterozygotes, a more codominant phenotype was observed. Tissue extracts from immature hybrid animals exhibited a phenotype midway between the adult male and adult female phenotypes. Tissue extracts from castrated males exhibited a phenotype equivalent to that seen in females. Relative activity of allelic isozymes in kidney varied as a function of age and sex, but did not vary as a function of the parental source of the Idh-1a allele. While cytosolic NADP-IDH is a “housekeeping” enzyme, expressed in multiple tissues of the mouse, differences in the relative intensities of allelic isozyme bands provide evidence for tissue- and stage-specific regulatory variation.
Anorexia Dreaming: A Case Study

A case study is presented focusing on a dream of a severely anorectic woman. The dream occurred at a point when the disorder had become life threatening. The dream is discussed in terms of its significance in the dreamer’s experience, its implications for the use of dreams in psychotherapy, and its relevance for the broader literature on psychopathology and dreams. Archetypal psychology’s aesthetic, and phenomenological approach to dreams is presented as a framework for understanding the ongoing significance of significant dreams such as the one presented here.