cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gangrene of the Penis in a Tetraplegic Due to the Use of Vacuum Constriction Device for Erection

In spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, sexual rehabilitation brought much attention in the last two decades. One of the frequently used methods is the vacuum device with constriction band. It is easy to use, noninvasive, and frequently successful. However, in the case presented, it was complicated by penile gangrene. This was treated aggressively with restoration of the anatomy of the penis. The gangrene was attributed to leaving the constriction band on overnight.
The Divo and the Duce: Promoting Film Stardom and Political Leadership in 1920s America

In the post–World War I American climate of isolationism, nativism, democratic expansion of civic rights, and consumerism, Italian-born star Rodolfo Valentino and Italy’s dictator Benito Mussolini became surprising paragons of authoritarian male power and mass appeal. Drawing on extensive archival research in the United States and Italy, Giorgio Bertellini’s work shows how their popularity, both political and erotic, largely depended on the efforts of public opinion managers, including publicists, journalists, and even ambassadors. Beyond the democratic celebrations of the Jazz Age, the promotion of their charismatic masculinity through spectacle and press coverage inaugurated the now-familiar convergence of popular celebrity and political authority. “A fantastic and an eminently readable milestone in the study of celebrity. Bertellini sets a new standard for archival and analytical approaches to movie stardom in the 1920s while also illuminating the political stakes of celebrity that resonate with twenty-first-century culture.” GAYLYN STUDLAR, author of Precocious Charms: Stars Performing Girlhood in Classical Hollywood “This is a remarkable and timely study, and a model of interdisciplinary and transnational scholarship. Only someone with Bertellini’s cross-disciplinary expertise and meticulous research skills could pull together these cases and weave them into a compelling account of the ‘cinema effect’ on American politics.” BARBARA SPACKMAN, University of California, Berkeley “Bertellini’s brilliant book shows clearly how celebrity and promotional culture became integral to new practices of mass governance in the early twentieth century. It is a crucial history, essential also to any genealogy of the mediatized present and the rise of modes of authoritarian and neofascist governance.” LEE GRIEVESON, author of Cinema and the Wealth of Nations: Media, Capital, and the Liberal World System GIORGIO BERTELLINI is Professor of Film and Media History at the University of Michigan. He is the author and editor of the award-winning volumes Italy in Early American Cinema: Race, Landscape, and the Picturesque and Italian Silent Cinema: A Reader.
Phosphomimetic-mediated in vitro rescue of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy linked to R58Q mutation in myosin regulatory light chain.

Myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation is important for cardiac muscle mechanics/function as well as for the Ca2+ -troponin/tropomyosin regulation of muscle contraction. This study focuses on the arginine to glutamine (R58Q) substitution in the human ventricular RLC (MYL2 gene), linked to malignant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in humans and causing severe functional abnormalities in transgenic (Tg) R58Q mice, including inhibition of cardiac RLC phosphorylation. Using a phosphomimic recombinant RLC variant where Ser-15 at the phosphorylation site was substituted with aspartic acid (S15D) and placed in the background of R58Q, we aimed to assess whether we could rescue/mitigate R58Q-induced structural/functional abnormalities in vitro. We show rescue of several R58Q-exerted adverse phenotypes in S15D-R58Q-reconstituted porcine cardiac muscle preparations. A low level of maximal isometric force observed for R58Q- versus WT-reconstituted fibers was restored by S15D-R58Q. Significant beneficial effects were also observed on the Vmax of actin-activated myosin ATPase activity in S15D-R58Q versus R58Q-reconstituted myosin, along with its binding to fluorescently labeled actin. We also report that R58Q promotes the OFF state of myosin, both in reconstituted porcine fibers and in Tg mouse papillary muscles, thereby stabilizing the super-relaxed state (SRX) of myosin, characterized by a very low ATP turnover rate. Experiments in S15D-R58Q-reconstituted porcine fibers showed a mild destabilization of the SRX state, suggesting an S15D-mediated shift in disordered-relaxed (DRX)↔SRX equilibrium toward the DRX state of myosin. Our study shows that S15D-phosphomimic can be used as a potential rescue strategy to abrogate/alleviate the RLC mutation-induced phenotypes and is a likely candidate for therapeutic intervention in HCM patients.
Advanced Spectral Analysis Program

Advanced Spectral Analysis Program is a LabVIEW-based program intended for rapid and accurate analysis of large sets of spectral data. It can handle a range of different types of data including angle-resolved and energy-dispersive powder diffraction and Raman spectra. We present it here with a focus on high-temperature high-pressure powder diffraction. The program contains a novel graphical user interface that allows rapid manual fitting and indexing of peaks which require precise fitting ranges and includes tools for fitting any Bravais lattice and arbitrary user-defined multivariate equations of state. The program allows the user to simultaneously view and manipulate multiple data sets from an experiment. The user can save and load analysis progress at any point, allowing for repeatable calculations to be performed, and to allow the fast comparison of different analysis parameters.
Combining Environmental Monitoring and Remote Sensing Technologies to Evaluate Cropping System Nitrogen Dynamics at the Field-Scale

Nitrogen (N) losses from cropping systems in the U.S. Midwest represent a major environmental and economic concern, negatively impacting water and air quality. While considerable research has investigated processes and controls of N losses in this region, significant knowledge gaps still exist, particularly related to the temporal and spatial variability of crop N uptake and environmental losses at the field-scale. The objectives of this manuscript study were (i) to describe the unique application of environmental monitoring and remote sensing technologies to quantify and evaluate relationships between artificial subsurface drainage nitrate (NO3-N) losses, soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, soil N concentrations, corn (Zea mays L.) yield, and remote sensing vegetation indices, and (ii) to discuss the benefits and limitations of using recent developments in technology to monitor cropping system N dynamics at field-scale. Preliminary results showed important insights regarding temporal (when N losses primarily occurred) and spatial (measurement footprint) considerations when trying to link N2O and NO3-N leaching losses within a single study to assess relationship between crop productivity and environmental N losses. Remote sensing vegetation indices were significantly correlated with N2O emissions, indicating that new technologies (e.g. unmanned aerial vehicle platform) could represent an integrative tool for linking sustainability outcomes with improved agronomic efficiencies, with lower vegetation index values associated with poor crop performance and higher N2O emissions. However, the potential for unmanned aerial vehicle to evaluate water quality appears much more limited because NO3-N losses happened prior to early-season crop growth and image collection. Building on this work, we encourage future research to test the usefulness of remote sensing technologies for monitoring environmental quality, with the goal of providing timely and accurate information to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of food production.
Proof of Principle: Preclinical Data on Retinal Cell Transplantation

A vast body of preclinical research on retinal regeneration through stem cell transplantation has laid the foundation for numerous phase I/II clinical trials of retinal cell therapy that are currently in progress. Approaches of retinal stem cell therapy include “rescue” and “replace” concepts. In the former concept, therapy is directed at retarding the rate of functional decline, whereas in the latter concept, the aim is to restore visual function. Cell types that have been investigated for these purposes include retinal pigment epithelium cells, neural progenitor cells, photoreceptor precursor cells, bone marrow cells, and umbilical tissue-derived cells. Cell sources include primary cells, embryonic stem cells (ESC), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Retinal cell therapy research has been facilitated by the use of numerous small and large animal models including mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, and nonhuman primates that model different aspects of the target diseases and therapy delivery. Animal data on retinal cell therapy are reviewed in this chapter. The recent discovery of cell-cell fusion between exogenous and recipient photoreceptor cells—resulting in the transfer of fluorescent reporter molecules giving rise to labeling artifacts following transplantation in animal models—has called previous assumptions of retinal cellular integration into question, and indicates the presence of multiple mechanisms underlying the regenerative effects of retinal cell transplantation.
Instrumented Impact Testing of Titanium Alloys

The dynamic fracture toughness was determined for two titanium alloys (Ti-6A1-4V and Ti-6A1-6V-2Sn) from different suppliers and in various heat-treated conditions. The strain-rate effect associated with the dynamic test is shown to increase the fracture toughness for all the alloys with the exception of mill-annealed and duplex-annealed Ti-6A1-6V-2Sn, where the fracture toughness was found to be independent of strain rate. Dial energy per unit specimen area (W/A) d for precracked Charpy specimens can be used to calculate K I d as long as a relatively flat fracture appearance (small shear area) is obtained. Otherwise, when a large amount of shear is present, the energy to maximum load (W/A) m or P m a x from the load-time trace must be used to calculate K I d .
Bragg coherent diffractive imaging of strain at the nanoscale

Strain engineering is a promising technology with potential application in memory devices, electronic elements, photoactive materials, etc. Nanoscale imaging of the strain is therefore important to better understand the operating condition of the device, growth processes, and influences of other factors. X-rays offer the advantage over electron-based techniques in that they offer high spatial resolution and access to volumetric information within nanostructured materials. This paper describes the basic physics behind strain at the nanoscale and provides a concise summary of the efforts in coherent diffractive imaging for the imaging of the displacement fields in nanocrystals. Although the approach is still under development, with instruments being continuously improved, a number of important results have already been demonstrated.Strain engineering is a promising technology with potential application in memory devices, electronic elements, photoactive materials, etc. Nanoscale imaging of the strain is therefore important to better understand the operating condition of the device, growth processes, and influences of other factors. X-rays offer the advantage over electron-based techniques in that they offer high spatial resolution and access to volumetric information within nanostructured materials. This paper describes the basic physics behind strain at the nanoscale and provides a concise summary of the efforts in coherent diffractive imaging for the imaging of the displacement fields in nanocrystals. Although the approach is still under development, with instruments being continuously improved, a number of important results have already been demonstrated.
Treating the aging face: “high-definition—high-tech” comprehensive facial rejuvenation

Facial rejuvenation goes beyond pulling, lifting, and volume enhancement. Comprehensive facial rejuvenation should include (a) volume enhancement, (b) beautification, (c) rejuvenation of the facial expression, (d) repositioning of the sagging tissues, (e) conservative tightening and rejuvenation of the skin envelope, and (f) subtractive maneuvers, particularly in the neck. Understanding the components of the aging face and current methods of treatment are paramount for engaging in more advanced techniques. Equally important is understanding the esthetic effects of aging and of every surgical technique. The integrated concepts of volume enhancement, beautification, rejuvenation of facial expression, repositioning of sagging tissues, traditional tightening of skin envelope, and subtractive maneuvers of the neck provide the outmost rejuvenation with natural and predictable results. The specific combination of skeletal enhancement with soft tissue repositioning or subtraction comprises a newer concept called “high-definition” facial rejuvenation and beautification. The use of newer technologies—lasers, endoscopy, and stem cells—is labeled “high-tech” facial rejuvenation. These techniques also restore or enhance the beauty of the face. Rejuvenation of the facial expression is the latest paradigm shift in my personal quest for the ultimate results in facial rejuvenation. These advanced concepts in facial rejuvenation and beautification are presented here.
Guest Editors’ IntroductionFacet Theory in Organizational Research

AbstractConceived by Professor Louis E. Guttman, Facet Theory is a comprehensive research strategy for the social and behavioral sciences with important applications in organizational studies. As a...
Changes in Hospital Referral Patterns to Skilled Nursing Facilities Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program.

Background The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals for higher-than-expected readmission rates. Almost 20% of Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) patients receive postacute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) after hospitalization. SNF patients have high readmission rates. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the association between changes in hospital referral patterns to SNFs and HRRP penalty pressure. Design We examined changes in the relationship between penalty pressure and outcomes before versus after HRRP announcement among 2698 hospitals serving 6,936,393 Medicare FFS patients admitted for target conditions: acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia. Hospital-level penalty pressure was the expected penalty rate in the first year of the HRRP multiplied by Medicare discharge share. Outcomes Informal integration measured by the percentage of referrals to hospitals' most referred SNF; formal integration measured by SNF acquisition; readmission-based quality index of the SNFs to which a hospital referred discharged patients; referral rate to any SNF. Results Hospitals facing the median level of penalty pressure had modest differential increases of 0.3 percentage points in the proportion of referrals to the most referred SNF and a 0.006 SD increase in the average quality index of SNFs referred to. There were no statistically significant differential increases in formal acquisition of SNFs or referral rate to SNF. Conclusions HRRP did not prompt substantial changes in hospital referral patterns to SNFs, although readmissions for patients referred to SNF differentially decreased more than for other patients, warranting investigation of other mechanisms underlying readmissions reduction.
Reinforcement learning for angle-only intercept guidance of maneuvering targets

Abstract We present a novel guidance law that uses observations consisting solely of seeker line-of-sight angle measurements and their rate of change. The policy is optimized using reinforcement meta-learning and demonstrated in a simulated terminal phase of a mid-course exo-atmospheric interception. Importantly, the guidance law does not require range estimation, making it particularly suitable for passive seekers. The optimized policy maps stabilized seeker line-of-sight angles and their rate of change directly to commanded thrust for the missile's divert thrusters. Optimization with reinforcement meta-learning allows the optimized policy to adapt to target acceleration, and we demonstrate that the policy performs better than augmented zero-effort miss guidance with perfect target acceleration knowledge. The optimized policy is computationally efficient and requires minimal memory, and should be compatible with today's flight processors.
Alcohol use in young adults associated with cortical gyrification

Abstract Background Young adulthood has the highest rates of alcohol use and high-risk drinking behavior. This period is also a critical neurodevelopmental stage, with neural insults having a profound neurotoxic effect on the brain. Cortical gyrification is thought, in part, to reflect early brain maturation (e.g., hypogyrification in fetal alcohol syndrome). There is also evidence that cortical gyrification is sensitive to later-life events (e.g., fluctuations in malnutrition in young adults). However, no study has examined how alcohol use in young adulthood is associated with cortical gyrification. Methods We examined the associations between cortical gyrification with lifetime alcohol use and past year hangover symptoms in young adults (N = 78). Results Lifetime alcohol use was associated with hypogyria in multiple cortical regions (rs ≤ -.27, ps ≤ .0159; right orbitofrontal, right temporal pole, and left lateral occipital). Further, past year hangover symptoms were associated with hypogyria (rs ≤ -.27, ps ≤ .0034), overlapping with lifetime alcohol use (right orbitofrontal and left lateral occipital). Hangover symptoms were also uniquely associated with hypogyria of other cortical regions (rs ≤ -.30, ps ≤ .0002; right parahippocampal gyrus, left inferior temporal/parahippocampal gyrus and right anterior insula). Conclusions Thus, results suggest that young adulthood is a critical period for targeted prevention and intervention, especially for individuals exhibiting heavy alcohol consumption and high-risk drinking behavior.
Sleep Irregularity and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background The cardiovascular system exhibits strong circadian rhythms to maintain normal functioning. Irregular sleep schedules, characterized by high day-to-day variability in sleep duration or timing, represent possibly milder but much more common and chronic disruption of circadian rhythms in the general population than shift work. Objectives This study aimed to prospectively examine the association between sleep regularity and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods In MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), 1,992 participants free of CVD completed 7-day wrist actigraphy for sleep assessment from 2010 to 2013 and were prospectively followed through 2016. The study assessed sleep regularity using the SD of actigraphy-measured sleep duration and sleep-onset timing across 7 days. Incident CVD included nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CVD according to SD of sleep duration and timing, adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors (including CVD biomarkers) and other sleep-related factors (including average sleep duration). Results During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 111 participants developed CVD events. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) for CVD across categories of sleep duration SD were 1.00 (reference) for ≤60 min, 1.09 (0.62 to 1.92) for 61 to 90 min, 1.59 (0.91 to 2.76) for 91 to 120 min, and 2.14 (1.24 to 3.68) for >120 min (p trend = 0.002). Similarly, compared with participants with a sleep timing SD ≤30 min, the HRs (95% confidence intervals) for CVD were 1.16 (0.64 to 2.13) for 31 to 60 min, 1.52 (0.81 to 2.88) for 61 to 90 min, and 2.11 (1.13 to 3.91) for >90 min (p trend = 0.002). Exclusion of current shift workers yielded similar results. Conclusions Irregular sleep duration and timing may be novel risk factors for CVD, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and sleep quantity and/or quality.
Unspoken legacy: Claudia Black, Las Vegas, NV: Central Recovery Press, 2018.Unspoken legacy: Addressing the impact of trauma and addiction within the family.230 pp, paperback, $17.95, ISBN: 978-1-942094-56-2

In the past decade, there has been a proliferation of books related to trauma and addiction, most likely because of scientific advancements on the neurological impact of trauma and increased social...
VMAT2 inhibitors for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Abstract Hyperkinetic movement disorders comprise a variety of conditions characterized by involuntary movements, which include but are not limited to tardive dyskinesia, chorea associated with Huntington's Disease, and tic disorders. The class of medications that have been used to treat these conditions includes Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitors. In 2008, the FDA approved tetrabenazine as a treatment for chorea associated with Huntington's Disease. Optimization of the pharmacology of tetrabenazine has since led to the approval of two new VMAT2 inhibitors, deutetrabenazine and valbenazine. The objective of this review is to provide background on the role of VMAT in monoamine neurotransmission, the mechanism of VMAT2 inhibition on the treatment of hyperkinetic disorders (specifically tardive dyskinesia and chorea associated with Huntington's Disease), the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of the commercially available VMAT2 inhibitors, and a summary of the clinical data to support application of these medications.
Glacier Monitoring Internship Report: Grand Teton National Park, 2015

The small glaciers of Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) are iconic landmarks, enhancing the experience of millions of visitors to the park each year. They are valuable far beyond their beauty, and play a critical role in the parkâs unique high-elevation ecosystems.
Magmatic and Tectonic Setting of Archean Granitoids in the Southeastern Singhbhum Craton, India: Developing constraints with major and trace element geochemistry and geochronology

The Singhbhum craton is one of five Archean nuclei comprising Peninsular India. It is a composite Archean block that includes the Older Metamorphic Group, the Older Metamorphic Tonalite Gneisses, the Singhbhum Granite, and the Iron Ore Group as its major units. The ages of these components range from ~3.5 to ~3.1 Ga, although overlapping ages and similar rock types confound their genetic relationships. Plutonic felsic rocks from the southeastern Singhbhum craton (BK1: a foliated tonalite, KP1: a non-foliated granite, and SG14: a non-foliated granite) yield U-Pb (zircon) ages of 3321 ± 2 Ma (BK1), 3301 ± 1 Ma (KP1), and 3261 ± 1 Ma (SG14) that coincide with a pulse of Singhbhum Granite emplacement at 3.27 to 3.33 Ga. REE patterns and tectonic discrimination diagrams based on major and trace element ratios suggest a subduction zone setting for these rocks. We report major and trace element data for and compare them to previous works in order to characterize the Archean felsic plutonic history of the craton.
Getting it right first time: implementation of laparoscopic pyloromyotomy without a learning curve.

Introduction Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is now an accepted procedure for the treatment of pyloric stenosis. However, it is clear that during the implementation period there are significantly higher...
Treatment of a flunixin meglumine overdose with intravenous administration of lipid emulsion and therapeutic plasma exchange in a Nigerian dwarf buck kid (Capra aegagrus hircus).

A 12 week-old Nigerian dwarf (Capra aegagrus hircus) buck kid was hospitalized for management of obstructive urolithiasis. Postoperatively, he was inadvertently administered 16-times greater than his calculated dose of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; 17.5 mg/kg flunixin meglumine, IV). The goat was treated with intravenous administration of lipid emulsion (ILE) prior to membrane-based therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE) under general anesthesia. The increased coagulability inherent to small ruminants in comparison with dogs and cats warranted specific adjustments in the prescription of anticoagulation, blood flow, and filtration fraction to avoid circuit clotting during mTPE. Serum flunixin meglumine concentration measured before, during, and after mTPE revealed marked reduction in drug concentration. After the combined treatments, no clinical evidence of NSAID gastrointestinal or renal toxicosis was detected. This case report describes successful management of flunixin meglumine overdose in a small ruminant using combined ILE and mTPE.
Suturing Techniques for Optimal Surgical Outcomes

Surgical outcomes in cutaneous surgery are impacted by preoperative design, excision, and repair. Optimal suturing technique plays an important role in skin repairs and is achieved through appropriate selection of suture material and needle points, gentle handling of the tissue, and properly placed sutures. This review addresses the above key principles, strategies for correct knot tying, and situations where special sutures may promote a better outcome.
ACUTE L-ALANYL-L-GLUTAMINE INGESTION DURING SHORT DURATION, HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE AND A MILD HYDRATION STRESS

The effect of acute L-alanyl-L-glutamine (AG) ingestion on selected hormonal and electrolyte measures was examined during repetitive, short duration, high intensity exercise with mild hypohydration. Subjects (20.3±1.1 yrs; 180.3±10.4 cm; 83.1±14.0 kg; 11.6±3.6% body fat) reported to the Human Performance Laboratory on four occasions. During each trial subjects were hypohydrated to -2.5% of their baseline body mass. During one trial (DHY) subjects rested in a recumbent position for 45 minutes before commencing the exercise session. During the other three trials subjects were rehydrated to 1.5% of their baseline body mass, before exercise, by drinking water only (W), or with two different doses of AG – a low dose (LDAG:
Validation and uncertainty assessment of extreme-scale HPC simulation through bayesian inference

Simulation of high-performance computing (HPC) systems plays a critical role in their development - especially as HPC moves toward the co-design model used for embedded systems, tying hardware and software into a unified design cycle. Exploring system-wide tradeoffs in hardware, middleware and applications using high-fidelity cycle-accurate simulation, however, is far too costly. Coarse-grained methods can provide efficient, accurate simulation but require rigorous uncertainty quantification (UQ) before using results to support design decisions. We present here SST/macro, a coarse-grained structural simulator providing flexible congestion models for low-cost simulation. We explore the accuracy limits of coarse-grained simulation by deriving error distributions of model parameters using Bayesian inference. Propagating these uncertainties through the model, we demonstrate SST/macro's utility in making conclusions about performance tradeoffs for a series of MPI collectives. Low-cost and high-accuracy simulations coupled with UQ methodology make SST/macro a powerful tool for rapidly prototyping systems to aid extreme-scale HPC co-design.
Differential actions of urocortins on neurons of the myenteric division of the enteric nervous system in guinea pig distal colon.

Background and purpose: Urocortins (Ucns) 1, 2 and 3 are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related neuropeptides and may be involved in neural regulation of colonic motor functions. Nevertheless, details of the neural mechanism of action for Ucns have been unclear. We have, here, tested the hypothesis that Ucns act in the enteric nervous system (ENS) to influence colonic motor behaviour. Experimental approach: We used intracellular recording with ‘sharp’ microelectrodes, followed by intraneuronal injection of biocytin, and immunohistochemical localization of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in guinea pig colonic tissue. Key results: Application of Ucn1 depolarized membrane potentials and elevated excitability in 58% of AH-type and 60% of S-type colonic myenteric neurons. In most of the neurons tested, depolarizing responses evoked by Ucn-1 were suppressed by the CRF1 receptor antagonist NBI 27914, but were unaffected by the CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30. The selective CRF2 receptor agonists, Ucn2 and Ucn3, evoked depolarizing responses in 12 and 8% of the AH-type myenteric neurons, respectively, and had no effect on S-type neurons. Antisauvagine-30, but not NBI 27914, suppressed these Ucn2- and Ucn3-evoked responses. Immunohistochemical staining identified CRF1 as the predominant CRF receptor subtype expressed by ganglion cell somas, while CRF2-immunoreactive neuronal somas were sparse. Ucns did not affect excitatory synaptic transmission in the ENS. Conclusions and implications: The results suggest that Ucns act as neuromodulators to influence myenteric neuronal excitability. The excitatory action of Ucn1 in myenteric neurons was primarily at CRF1 receptors, and the excitatory action of Ucn2 and Ucn3 was at CRF2 receptors.
Interpolation and Monotonicity

In order to take advantage of known facts about the Dirichlet and Neumann problems, it is necessary to study transformations from one region onto another and their effects on smoothness properties of transformed functions. In later chapters, it will be shown that the solution of the Neumann problem for a spherical chip with a specified normal derivative on the flat part of the boundary can be morphed into a solution of an elliptic equation with an oblique derivative boundary condition. The method for accomplishing this is called the continuity method and requires showing that the mapping from known solutions to potential solutions is a bounded transformation. The essential problem here is to establish inequalities known as apriori inequalities which are based on the assumption that there are solutions. The passage from spherical chips to regions Ω with curved boundaries requires relating the norms of functions and their transforms. The final step involves the adaptation of the Perron-Wiener method and the extraction of convergent subsequences in certain Banach spaces called Holder spaces. Eventually, very strong conditions will have to be imposed on Ω. So strong, in fact, that the reader might reasonably conclude that only a spherical chip, or some topological equivalent, will satisfy all the conditions. As the ultimate application will involve spherical chips, the reader might benefit from assuming that Ω is a spherical chip, at least up to the point of passing to regions with curved boundaries. But as some of the inequalities require less stringent conditions on Ω, the conditions on Ω will be spelled out at the beginning of each section. Since these conditions will not be repeated in the formal statements, it is important to refer back to the beginning of each section for a description of Ω.
An Academic in Practice—or—How About a Sabbatical Doing Social Work?

Abstract The author describes a sabbatical spent doing social work in a family and children's agency. Emphasis is given to conceptualizing the evolution of practice skill from observing one's work, the enhancement of teaching competence, the opportunity for scholarly achievements and the fostering of school-agency relationships.
Lingual thyroid. Report of a case.

Abstract Lingual thyroid, an abnormal condition in which thyroid tissue is found in the substance of the tongue, presumably is the result of the failure of a thyroid anlage to migrate to its predetermined position. This anomaly should be included in the differential diagnosis of masses in the posterior third of the tongue. Such masses should not be removed surgically, however, until a medical and surgical consultation, a protein-bound iodine determination, and an iodine-131 scan have ruled out the possibility that this may be the only thyroid tissue the patient has.
The Covalently‐Bound Flavin of Hepatic Monoamine Oxidase

In the previous paper in this series it was shown that a pure flavin pentapeptide isolated from hepatic monoamine oxidase contains 1 mole each of serine and tyrosine and 2 moles of glycine, as well as an additional amino acid which is covalently linked to the 8α carbon of riboflavin. This amino acid has been identified as cysteine and the linkage to the flavin as a thioether on the basis of positive chloroplatinic and negative iodine-azide tests, performic acid oxidation or reduction with zinc, followed by acid hydrolysis, which yield cysteic acid or cysteine, respectively. The fluorescence properties of the flavin from monoamine oxidase agree with those expected for a thioether and its oxidation products. In regard to optical and electron spin resonance spectra, chemical stability, and fluorescence characteristics the flavin peptide isolated from the enzyme agrees excellently with the properties of synthetic cysteinyl 8α-riboflavin.
Characterizing the Hermitian and Ree Unitals on 28 Points

We prove a conjecture of Brouwer, namely that a 2-(28,4,1) design has 2–rank at least 19, with equality occuring if and only if the design is the Ree unital. We give a similar characterization of the Hermitian unital.
QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITIES OF SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

The disaccharidase activities of small bowel biopsy specimens obtained from 34 infants and children with various disorders were measured quantitatively. One example of a primary disaccharidase deficiency and several of a secondary type were encountered. The advantages of quantitative measurements in the recognition of these two groups are discussed. Small bowel biopsy, even in small infants, is felt to be a safe procedure, with considerable potential for study of many other metabolic aspects of intestinal mucosal function.
Immunohistochemistry of estrogen and progesterone receptors reconsidered: experience with 5,993 breast cancers.

Paraffin sections or fine-needle aspiration smears from 5,993 cases of invasive mammary carcinomas were assessed immunohistochemically for estrogen receptor (ER; 1D5) and progesterone receptor (PR; 636) expression. Staining pattern and intensity were correlated with histologic subtypes and nuclear grades of tumors. Positive nuclear staining for ER and PR was observed in 75% and 55% of invasive carcinomas, respectively. In 92% of ER+ cases, diffuse and uniform staining of most tumor cells was observed. In the remaining 8%, a focal ER reaction was seen, usually because of inadequate fixation. In 21% of PR+ tumors, the reaction was heterogeneous or focal but unrelated to fixation. There were no ER–, PR+ tumors. All pure tubular, colloid, and infiltrating lobular carcinomas were ER+. All medullary, apocrine, and metaplastic and most high-nuclear-grade carcinomas were ER–. With monoclonal antibody 1D5 and antigen retrieval, immunohistochemical reaction for ER in breast cancer usually is an all-or-none phenomenon; therefore, quantitation of results is unnecessary. Despite antigen retrieval, inadequate fixation can cause falsenegative results; evaluation of internal positive control samples is imperative. ER positivity and negativity are predictable in certain histologic types and nuclear grades of breast cancer. The reaction for PR can be heterogeneous or focal. Analysis of steroid receptor status has become the standard of care for patients with breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER) content, in particular, has been correlated with prolonged disease-free survival and increased likelihood of response to endocrine therapy. Assessment of ER status by immunohistochemical analysis has been shown to have higher discriminating power than biochemical assays for predicting overall and disease-free survival. 1-4 Similarly, parallel studies have sug
Non-Fickian microscopic diffusion at interfaces and in thin films

This paper investigates the consequences of a random walk diffusion based on the multidimensional tensorial extension of the adjacency matrix concept on the dopant distribution at the interfaces and in thin films. The random walk concept used here provides a rigorous method of counting all possible random walk paths in an arbitrary 2D and 3D domain and avoids the conceptual inconsistencies of the conventional random walk's treatment of the so called reflective barrier. The new approach leads to a new phenomenon of a depleted sub-barrier region characterized by a non-zero asymptotic relative gradient at the barrier instead of the vanishing gradient predicted by the conventional treatment. The depleted region extends over only several diffusional jump distances. In restricted diffusion domains in 2D and 3D geometries the depletion at the interface or in the corners is much stronger than in the one-dimensional case. The effects in 2D geometries are illustrated specifically on isolation structures in SOI films. >
Jackknifing Measures of Association

Standard errors of estimates of gamma and Kendall's tau-b are estimated using Tukey's jackknife method and the results are compared with Kritzer's application of asymptotic theory. The method is used to test the hypothesis that a pair of partial association coefficients are equal.
A Comparison of Textbooks' Presentation of Fractions

In the United States, fractions are an important part of the middle school curriculum, yet many middle school students struggle with fraction concepts. Teachers also have difficulty with the conceptual understanding needed to teach fractions and rely on textbooks when making instructional decisions. This reliance on textbooks, the idea that teaching and learning of fractions is a complex process, and that fraction understanding is the foundation for later topics such as proportionality, algebra, and probability, makes it important to examine the variation in presentation of fraction concepts in U.S. textbooks, especially the difference between traditional and standards-based curricula. The purpose of this study is to determine if differences exist in the presentation of fractions in conventional and standards-based textbooks and how these differences align with the recommendations of National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Common Core State Standards, and the research on the teaching and learning of fractions.
UNDERTOW: multi-level segmentation of real-valued time series

The discovery of meaningful change points, finding segments, in both categorical and real-value data time series is a well-studied problem. Prior segmentation algorithms and tasks operate under overly restrictive assumptions (e.g., a priori knowledge of the number of segments, trivial inputs) and in singular domains (e.g., finding common regions in images, speaker change detection). We introduce a domain-independent algorithm, UNDERTOW, which discovers segment boundaries in real-valued time series and constructs hierarchies of segments to form macro segments.
Observations on growth and morphogenesis in cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

This paper deals with problems of somatic embryogenesis (totipotency) of carrot cells in liquid culture and when dispersed in thin films of nutrient agar. The critical events that intervene between somatic cells and embryo plantlets during morphogenesis are delineated. Factors that affect the course of these events are described with special reference to the stimuli which permit the very smallest units to develop into organized structures. Special attention is directed to the importance of a protracted period of darkness and the use of an 'embryo-conditioned medium' as interacting stimuli that facilitate the early stages of development. Means of arresting and releasing the development of pro-embryonic units are discussed. Aspects of growth and form of the developing cultures are presented photographically at different levels. The behaviour of free protoplasts from pro-embryonic units is described and contrasted with that of intact totipotent cells. The significance of all these observations is examined in the light of practical applications and in relation to problems of development.
TGFα deficiency results in hair follicle and eye abnormalities in targeted and waved-1 mice

To explore the physiological roles of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), we disrupted the mouse gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Homozygous mutant mice were viable and fertile, but displayed pronounced waviness of the whiskers and fur, accompanied by abnormal curvature, disorientation, and misalignment of the hair follicles. Homozygous and, to a lesser extent, heterozygous mice displayed eye abnormalities of variable incidence and severity, including open eyelids at birth, reduced eyeball size, and superficial opacity. Histological examination revealed eyelid and anterior segment dysgenesis, corneal inflammation and scarring, and lens and retinal defects. Although TGF alpha deficiency affected skin and eyes, wound healing in these tissues was not impaired. Similar hair and eye defects have been previously associated with the recessive mutation waved-1 (wa-1), and Northern analysis revealed reduced expression of TGF alpha in wa-1 mice. Crosses between wa-1 homozygotes and TGF alpha-targeted mice confirmed that wa-1 and TGF alpha are allelic.
An innovative platform for high-throughput high-accuracy lithography using a single wafer stage

For 32 nm half-pitch node, double patterning is recognized as the most promising technology since some significant obstacles still remain in EUV in terms of technology and cost. This means much higher productivity and overlay performance will be required for lithography tools. This paper shows the technical features of Nikon's new immersion tool, NSR-S620 based on newly developed platform "Streamlign TM " designed for 2nm overlay, 200wph throughput and 2week setup time. The S620 is built basically upon Nikon's Tandem Stage and Local Fill Nozzle technology, but has several additional features. For excellent overlay, laser encoders with short optical path are applied for wafer stage measurement in addition to interferometers. By using this hybrid metrology, the non-linearity of the encoder scale can be easily calibrated, while eliminating the air fluctuation error of interferometer. For high throughput, a method with a new alignment microscope system and a new auto focus mapping, called Stream Alignment is introduced. It makes it possible to reduce the overhead time between the exposures remarkably. The target productivity is 4,000 wafer outs per day. Accuracy is also improved because many more alignment points and a continuous wafer height map without stitching are available. Higher acceleration and faster scan velocity of the stages are also achieved by optimal vibration dynamics design and new control system. The main body, including the projection lens, is isolated by Sky Hook Technology used already on the NSR-SF150 and SF155 steppers, and also the reticle stage is mechanically isolated from the main body. With this new platform, the imaging performance can be maximized.
Reduction of proteinuria by indomethacin in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Immediate and longer-term (five-day) effects of indomethacin on proteinuria and renal function were examined in a group of nephrotic subjects with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) that ranged from near normal to moderately impaired. The modifying role of the patients' sodium/volume (S/V) status on renal prostaglandin inhibition was systematically evaluated by renal clearance and balance studies. After patients were S/V-depleted for five days, indomethacin (75 mg/d) decreased protein excretion by 45%. The decrement in proteinuria was > 2 times greater than the fall in creatinine clearance and was unrelated to baseline clearance. In acute clearance studies, 75 mg indomethacin administered orally immediately reduced protein excretion, effective renal plasma flow (CPAH), GFR (C inulin ), Na, K, and free water excretion. Indomethacin responsiveness (reduced proteinuria) correlated with the change in PGE 2 excretion. The effect of indomethacin on protein excretion and renal hemodynamics was apparent, but blunted, when dietary Na intake was increased to 200 mEg/d. Mean BP increased during indomethacin therapy only when patients were S/V-expanded.
Papillary endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma

A case of papillary endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma incidentally discovered on routine imaging studies is described. The patient, a 75-year-old woman, underwent imaging studies as part of a standard evaluation for a fracture on the right side of the hip. Chest radiographs were unremarkable other than for a nodular opacity overlying the left hemidiaphragm. Computed tomography of the chest, however, demonstrated an elongated, irregular mass in the right lower lobe that appeared to be associated with an adjacent segmental right lower lobe bronchus. Endoscopy followed by surgical resection was undertaken, revealing a tan, soft mass measuring 1.5 x 1.3 x 0.8 cm that was confined to the bronchus and did not appear to extend into the surrounding lung parenchyma. Microscopically, the mass showed a papillary, superficial squamous cell carcinoma confined to the bronchial mucosa without invasion of adjacent structures. The pathological and imaging features of this unusual variant of bronchogenic carcinoma are reviewed as well as the radiological differential diagnosis of endobronchial lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes the computed tomographic features of this rare lesion.
PlanetLab: overview, history, and future directions

The first OSR issue I read was Volume 29 No. 2 (April 1995). At the time I was actively working on the SPIN Extensible Operating System [5] and looking for new ways to safely expose interrupt handling to user-provided code loaded into the kernel. The article by Kleiman and Eykholt on "Interrupts as Threads" in that issue of OSR was highly relevant and informative. Ever since then I had planned on contributing to OSR but unfortunately never got around to it. For this reason, when Jeanna Matthews asked whether I could serve as the guest editor of the inaugural special topics OSR issue, I jumped at the opportunity.
Zinc pyrithione impairs zinc homeostasis and upregulates stress response gene expression in reconstructed human epidermis.

Zinc ion homeostasis plays an important role in human cutaneous biology where it is involved in epidermal differentiation and barrier function, inflammatory and antimicrobial regulation, and wound healing. Zinc-based compounds designed for topical delivery therefore represent an important class of cutaneous therapeutics. Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is an FDA-approved microbicidal agent used worldwide in over-the-counter topical antimicrobials, and has also been examined as an investigational therapeutic targeting psoriasis and UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia. Recently, we have demonstrated that cultured primary human skin keratinocytes display an exquisite sensitivity to nanomolar ZnPT concentrations causing induction of heat shock response gene expression and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent cell death (Cell Stress Chaperones 15:309–322, 2010). Here we demonstrate that ZnPT causes rapid accumulation of intracellular zinc in primary keratinocytes as observed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and that PARP activation, energy crisis, and genomic impairment are all antagonized by zinc chelation. In epidermal reconstructs (EpiDerm™) exposed to topical ZnPT (0.1–2% in Vanicream™), ICP-MS demonstrated rapid zinc accumulation, and expression array analysis demonstrated upregulation of stress response genes encoding metallothionein-2A (MT2A), heat shock proteins (HSPA6, HSPA1A, HSPB5, HSPA1L, DNAJA1, HSPH1, HSPD1, HSPE1), antioxidants (SOD2, GSTM3, HMOX1), and the cell cycle inhibitor p21 (CDKN1A). IHC analysis of ZnPT-treated EpiDerm™ confirmed upregulation of Hsp70 and TUNEL-positivity. Taken together our data demonstrate that ZnPT impairs zinc ion homeostasis and upregulates stress response gene expression in primary keratinocytes and reconstructed human epidermis, activities that may underlie therapeutic and toxicological effects of this topical drug.