cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data-based promotion of tourist events with minimal operational impact

We demonstrate a family of novel, standards-based, online applications for promoting tourist events with minimal operational impact using AI methods. The solution offers benefits to citizens, travelers, city managers and businesses and can be rolled out to cities around the world.
The relationship between outcome prediction and cognitive fatigue: A convergence of paradigms

Cognitive fatigue is common after strenuous cognitive effort. A large body of literature has implicated a network of brain areas in fatigue, including the basal ganglia and cortical areas including ventro-medal prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Furthermore, the ACC has been shown to be involved in processes such as error and conflict monitoring, outcome prediction, and effort processing. Thus, the ACC appears to be one common denominator between clinical work on fatigue and research on outcome prediction and effort. In the present study, we examined whether the same region of the ACC is activated during the processing of errors and fatigue. Cognitive fatigue was induced by having subjects perform a difficult working memory task, during which they rated on-task fatigue. Activation associated with error processing was determined by using error trials on the working memory task. After localizing the region engaged in error processing, we evaluated whether there was a relationship between BOLD activation of that region and on-task fatigue scores. The results showed that as subjects became more fatigued, they responded with longer latencies and increased accuracy for the more difficult task. Moreover, the ACC areas that were activated by error processing were also associated with fatigue. These results suggest that cognitive fatigue may be related to changes in effort and reward. We speculate that as the brain detects these changes, cognitive fatigue is generated as a way for the brain to signal itself that the effort required for the task no longer merits the rewards received for performing it.
Multiple Point Formulas for Maps

Let f: X → Y be a map. Its set of r-fold points is $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{\text{M}}_{{\text{r}}}}{\text{ = }}\{ {\text{x}}\varepsilon {\text{X|}}} & {{\text{there}} {\text{exist}}} & {{{\text{x}}_{2}},...,{{\text{x}}_{{\text{r}}}}} & {{\text{with}}} & {{\text{f(}}{{\text{x}}_{{\text{i}}}}){\text{ = f}}({\text{x}})\} ;} \\ \end{array}$$ the xi must be distinct from x and from each other, but they may lie “infinitely close” (that is, determine tangent directions along the fiber f-1f(x)). An r-fold-point formula is a polynomial expression in the invariants of f which gives, under appropriate hypotheses, the number of r-fold points, weighted by natural multiplicities, or the class mr of a natural positive cycle supported by Mr. The theory of these formulas will be surveyed here, concentrating on some of the author’s recent work, Kleiman [1981b], [1982]. Aside from a few comments, the setting will be algebraic geometry, although the formulas and their proofs have a universal character.
Kinetic Analysis of Enzymes Immobilized in Porous Film Arrays

Measuring the catalytic activity of immobilized enzymes underpins development of biosensing, bioprocessing, and analytical chemistry tools. To expand the range of approaches available for measuring enzymatic activity, we report on a technique to probe activity of enzymes immobilized in porous materials in the absence of confounding mass transport artifacts. We measured reaction kinetics of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) immobilized in benzophenone-modified polyacrylamide (BPMA-PAAm) gel films housed in an array of fluidically isolated chambers. To ensure kinetics measurements are not confounded by mass transport limitations, we employed Weisz's modulus (Φ), which compares observed enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates to characteristic substrate diffusion times. We characterized activity of CIAP immobilized in BPMA-PAAm gels in a reaction-limited regime (Φ ≪ 0.15 for all measurements), allowing us to isolate the effect of immobilization on enzymatic activity. Immobilization of CIAP in BPMA-PAAm gels produced a ∼2× loss in apparent enzyme-substrate affinity (Km) and ∼200× decrease in intrinsic catalytic activity (kcat) relative to in-solution measurements. As estimating Km and kcat requires multiple steps of data manipulation, we developed a computational approach (bootstrapping) to propagate uncertainty in calibration data through all data manipulation steps. Numerical simulation revealed that calibration error is only negligible when the normalized root-mean-squared error (NRMSE) in the calibration falls below 0.05%. Importantly, bootstrapping is independent of the mathematical model, and thus generalizable beyond enzyme kinetics studies. Furthermore, the measurement tool presented can be readily adapted to study other porous immobilization supports, facilitating rational design (immobilization method, geometry, enzyme loading) of immobilized-enzyme devices.
Automatic tuning of virtual constraint-based control algorithms for powered knee-ankle prostheses

State-of-art powered prosthetic legs are often controlled using a collection of joint impedance controllers designed for different phases of a walking cycle. Consequently, finite state machines are used to control transitions between different phases. This approach requires a large number of impedance parameters and switching rules to be tuned. Since one set of control parameters cannot be used across different amputees, clinicians spend enormous time tuning these gains for each patient. This paper proposes a virtual constraint-based control scheme with a smaller set of control parameters, which are automatically tuned in real-time using an extremum seeking controller (ESC). ESC, being a model-free control method, assumes no prior knowledge of either the prosthesis or human. Using a singular perturbation analysis, we prove that the virtual constraint tracking errors are small and the PD gains remain bounded. Simulations demonstrate that our ESC-based method is capable of adapting the virtual-constraint based control parameters for amputees with different masses.
Contagion: Optimizing foodborne outbreak analysis with automatic suggestions

Contagion is a web-based foodborne outbreak analysis tool that suggests users the most pertinent views of their data. Contagion is a proposed solution to the case when there are many ways to filter, view, and analyze a given data set and there are distinct segments of the population interested in the data set for different reasons. Contagion is unique for its ability to learn analysis patterns of previous users to suggest popular views for new users. It tailors the data viewing and analysis experience to each user. More broadly, Contagion looks at the human-computer interface and seeks to delineate which aspects of user interface design can be automated. It takes a data-driven approach to suggest views for users, reducing the influence of the user interface designer. Contagion lays the groundwork for future user interfaces to be learned, decoupling the designer from the design decisions.
Content Based Vector Coder for Efficient Information Retrieval

Retrieval of relevant information and its efficient transmission over the Internet to worldwide users are of utmost interest in many applications such as telemedicine, video conferencing, distance education, to name a few. Content-based source encoding is, however, essential in enhancing information retrieval. Despite some significant work done in this area, indexing and retrieval of medical image data still pose a challenging problem since distinct features are not always present in such data sets. We present a novel hybrid multi-scale vector quantizer (HMVQ) whose codebook is generated by neuro-fuzzy clustering of salient information features in the wavelet domain. Our codec incorporates multi-scale feature extraction, vector quantization codebook training and detail-preserving residual scalar quantization. The performance of this new vector encoder, namely, HMVQ, surpasses that of the well-known scalar coder, the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) in the fidelity of reconstructed data at all bit rates. Our results also demonstrate that the performance of such encoder is equivalent to an optimized statistical approach while, providing a drastic reduction in execution time. Efficiency in computational cost is of great significance while considering future advances in visual communications using multiview 3-D auto-stereoscopic systems.
Silence and anguish: Muting the feminine voice in Éliette Abécassis’s La Répudiée:

As a seminal French-Jewish author, Eliette Abecassis frequently focuses on Jewish issues pertaining to the feminine condition, with emphasis on women’s rights and liberties. In La Repudiee (first p...
Species Barriers in Prion Disease

Species barriers in prion diseases are defined by the difficulty that prions from one species have in triggering prion infection in a new species. The amino acid sequence of the normal host prion protein (PrPC), the available pool of exogenous abnormal and infectious prion protein (PrPSc), and the ability to establish a subclinical infection are all important determinants of prion species barriers. Mechanistically, maintenance of species barriers to prion infection is likely dependent upon the conformational diversity of the PrPSc molecules in an infectious inoculum and the potential for conformational compatibility between the exogenous PrPSc and endogenous host PrPC. However, the lack of high resolution structural information for PrPSc, the potential for host factors and posttranslational modifications to PrPC to influence species barriers, and the fact that the amino acids important in prion species barriers differ between species, makes it difficult to predict prion species barriers based on PrPC sequence alone. In vivo or in vitro experimentation in relevant models of infection remains the only way to determine species barriers to prion infection.
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL SELF-MEASUREMENT*

The idea of self-measurement by a quantum-mechancal automaton is presented, and the conclusions that are typically reached about what we can come to know from doing self-measurements are shown to be mistaken. Specifically, it is shown that, while we are capable of predicting and measuring the values of two incompatible observables, we are incapable of knowing both these values simultaneously. This is an example of the interesting limitations quantum mechanics places on knowledge.
Nab3's localization to a nuclear granule in response to nutrient deprivation is determined by its essential prion-like domain

Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are higher order assemblies of RNA, RNA-binding proteins, and other proteins, that regulate the transcriptome and protect RNAs from environmental challenge. There is a diverse range of RNP granules, many cytoplasmic, which provide various levels of regulation of RNA metabolism. Here we present evidence that the yeast transcription termination factor, Nab3, is targeted to intranuclear granules in response to glucose starvation by Nab3’s proline/glutamine-rich, prion-like domain (PrLD) which can assemble into amyloid in vitro. Localization to the granule is reversible and sensitive to the chemical probe 1,6 hexanediol suggesting condensation is driven by phase separation. Nab3’s RNA recognition motif is also required for localization as seen for other PrLD-containing RNA-binding proteins that phase separate. Although the PrLD is necessary, it is not sufficient to localize to the granule. A heterologous PrLD that functionally replaces Nab3’s essential PrLD, directed localization to the nuclear granule, however a chimeric Nab3 molecule with a heterologous PrLD that cannot restore termination function or viability, does not form granules. The Nab3 nuclear granule shows properties similar to well characterized cytoplasmic compartments formed by phase separation, suggesting that, as seen for other elements of the transcription machinery, termination factor condensation is functionally important.
Intraseasonal Changes of Patch Color in Prairie Lizards (Sceloporus Consobrinus)

Abstract Many sexually selected traits are static throughout the breeding season. Some vary within the breeding season, however, typically in response to physiological changes. Most work attempting to understand the mechanisms underlying phenotypic changes has occurred in the laboratory, with comparatively less research examining how changes to physiology affect signal production in natural populations. Here, we report intraseasonal plasticity in abdominal and throat patch color of Prairie Lizards (Sceloporus consobrinus), and examine how changes in body size, body condition, and testosterone underlie intraseasonal variation. We found that changes in testosterone best explain why throat patches of Prairie Lizards become less blue throughout the breeding season. If females reproduce with males based on patch color, then individual changes in patch phenotypes could have important consequences if signaling morphology is asynchronous among males.
Critical Analysis of Particle Detection Artifacts in Synaptosome Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated sorting are powerful techniques that hold great promise for studying heterogeneous populations of submicron particles such as synaptosomes, but many technical challenges arise in these experiments. To date, most flow cytometry studies of synaptosomes have relied on particle detection using forward scatter (FSC) measurements and size estimation with polystyrene (PS) bead standards. However, these practices have serious limitations, and special care must be taken to overcome the poor sensitivity of conventional flow cytometers in the analysis of submicron particles. Technical artifacts can confound these experiments, especially the detection of multiple particles as a single event. Here, we compared analysis of P2 crude synaptosomal preparations from murine forebrain on multiple flow cytometers using both FSC-triggered and fluorescence-triggered detection. We implemented multicolor fluorescent dye-based assays to quantify coincident particle detection and aggregation, and we assessed the false colocalization of antigens in immunostaining analyses. Our results demonstrate that fluorescence triggering and proper dilution can control for coincident particle detection, but not particle aggregation. We confirmed previous studies showing that FSC-based size estimation with PS beads underestimates biological particle size, and we identified pervasive aggregation in the FSC range analyzed in most synaptosome flow cytometry studies. We found that analyzing P2 samples in sucrose/EDTA/tris (SET) buffer reduces aggregation compared to PBS, but does not completely eliminate the presence of aggregates, especially in immunostaining experiments. Our study highlights challenges and pitfalls in synaptosome flow cytometry and provides a methodological framework for future studies.
Examining Joseph’s Four-Phase Model of Crisis Leadership and His Development as a Crisis Leader

The primary purpose of this chapter is to examine the life of Joseph and the connections between his early experiences with personal crises and his later success in leading Egypt through crisis. A four-phase model of crisis leadership is presented, and Joseph’s development as a crisis leader is examined vis-a-vis Romans 5:3-5. The data examined will be the narrative of Joseph’s life, specifically focusing on his journey from being Jacob’s favorite son to becoming a slave and a prisoner, his promotion to becoming the second most powerful person in Egypt, and the text relating to his leadership and management of Egypt.
Percutaneous coronary intervention with transcatheter aortic valve replacement makes no difference! None? Really?

Unless a patient who needs transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) presents with an acute coronary syndrome, "routine" percutaneous coronary intervention of coronary stenoses does not improve outcomes, even out to 5 years. Randomized clinical trials are needed to sort out the best strategies to treat the complex interaction of coronary disease and aortic stenosis, though they are unlikely to be performed. Without such evidence, patients undergoing TAVR need the judgment of a Heart Team to help strategize whether revascularization for CAD should be performed.
A longitudinal study of pre-pregnancy antioxidant levels and subsequent perinatal outcomes in black and white women: The CARDIA Study.

Background Although protective associations between dietary antioxidants and pregnancy outcomes have been reported, randomized controlled trials of supplementation have been almost uniformly negative. A possible explanation is that supplementation during pregnancy may be too late to have a beneficial effect. Therefore, we examined the relationship between antioxidant levels prior to pregnancy and birth outcomes. Methods and findings Serum carotenoids and tocopherols were assayed in fasting specimens at 1985–86 (baseline) and 1992–1993 (year 7) from 1,215 participants in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. An interviewer-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire assessed dietary intake of antioxidants. Pregnancy outcome was self-reported at exams every 2 to 5 years. Linear and logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships of low birthweight (LBW; <2,500 g), continuous infant birthweight, preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks) and length of gestation with antioxidant levels adjusted for confounders, as well as interactions with age and race. Results In adjusted models, lycopene was associated with higher odds of LBW (adjusted odds ratio for top quartile, 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.14, 3.92) and shorter gestational age (adjusted beta coefficient -0.50 weeks). Dietary intake of antioxidants was associated with lower birthweight, while supplement use of vitamin C was associated with higher gestational age (0.41 weeks, 0.01, 0.81). Conclusions Higher preconception antioxidant levels are not associated with better birth outcomes.
Functional Series Expansions and Quadratic Approximations for Enhancing the Accuracy of the Wiener Path Integral Technique

AbstractA novel Wiener path integral (WPI) technique is developed for determining the response of stochastically excited nonlinear oscillators. This is done by employing functional series expansion...
Silicon-based THz frequency synthesizers with wide locking range

In this chapter, we present a 300-GHz frequency synthesizer incorporating a triple-push VCO with a Colpitts-based active varactor (CAV) and a frequency divider with three-phase injection [24]. The synthesizer, implemented in 90-nm SiGe Bipolar complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (BiCMOS) with half of 240/315 GHz, achieves 7.9% of locking range (280.32-303.36 GHz) and generates -14 dBm of output power at 290 GHz. Based on the measurement result, the frequency -scaled phase noise of the 294.9-GHz signal is -77.8 dBc/Hz (-82.5 dBc/Hz) at the 100 -kHz (1 MHz) offset.
Impact of Poverty on Adolescent Drug Use: Moderation Effects of Family Support and Self-Esteem

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study examined 2 questions: (a) Does poverty affect adolescents’ drug use, controlling for individual, family, and contextual charact...
Electromagnetic Susceptibility of COTS Control Systems

COTS control systems used on small UAVs were investigated for EMC vulnerabilities. Electronic speed controllers, autopilots, and inertial measurement units were electromagnetically disrupted, by modulating RF signals with waveforms that were rectified by nonlinearities. These disruptions had catastrophic effects on the functionality of the devices, without physically damaging them.
High-throughput nitride and interstitial nitrogen analysis in ferritic/martensitic steels via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract The following work focuses on characterizing nitrogen in several modified alloys of the precipitation strengthened ferritic/martensitic steel HT9 (12Cr-1MoWV (wt%)). Alloy HT9 is a candidate material for fuel rod cladding and ductwork in the core of the Versatile Test Reactor and other next-generation nuclear fast reactors. Nitrogen content has been shown to have a significant effect on irradiated properties in alloy HT9. To explore that theory, a more comprehensive assessment of the location of nitrogen must be performed; however, locating nano-precipitates, such as nitrides and light interstitial elements like nitrogen in steel, has proven difficult. To begin answering questions surrounding the location of nitrogen, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was employed as a primary analysis technique, together with extensive transmission electron microscopy, internal friction testing, and thermodynamic simulations, providing verification and context to trends found in the ToF-SIMS data. For the first time, ToF-SIMS was demonstrated to reliably measure relative differences in the vanadium carbonitride precipitate volume fraction across several chemistries and heat treatments of ferritic/martensitic steels. Additionally, associating matrix elements (iron and chromium) to nitrogen-containing ion clusters significantly reduced the ‘matrix effect that biases nitrogen detection towards nitride precipitates, providing a potential, high-throughput method for the measurement of relative interstitial nitrogen content in steels with ToF-SIMS.
Eyewitness memory contamination through misleading questions by reporters

A series of three studies examined how misleading questions and misinformation in a news article resulted in eyewitnesses remembering they saw a weapon that was actually not visible during a robber...
Teacher support for metacognition and self-regulated learning: a compelling story and a prototypical model

Despite strong evidence that students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) capacity and performance predict important academic and lifelong learning outcomes, SRL remains largely absent from educational standards and curricula. That absence has implications for students, surely, but it also affects what pre-service teachers learn and how in-service teachers interact with students, resulting in inconsistent at best, and non-existent at worst, instruction and support for SRL. A better understanding of how teachers support metacognition and SRL is needed to enhance teachers’ competence for these vital aspects of education and also to advocate for the inclusion of SRL in educational reform. The articles in this special issue make significant advances toward understanding teachers’ support of SRL and how to bolster it, in turn affording more and better arguments for advocacy. My goal in this article is to synthesize the ideas in these articles to tell a story of teachers’ support for metacognition and SRL, which in turn implies a prototypical model with implications for future research on teacher competence for supporting SRL and future professional development that enhances teachers’ professional vision and performance. Future scholarship can be enhanced via modern methodologies and analytic techniques, which the articles in this special issue also illustrate. The story told in this special issue is an important step toward a future where SRL takes its rightful place as a key component of educational reform.
Breathing Mechanics and Phonation

We have now devoted five chapters to a discussion of morphology and function, a discussion necessary to any depth of understanding of the human voice. Now we must go on to the application of that information to the problems of speech and song. In this chapter our purpose is to examine the modifications of the process of breathing necessary for normal sound production.
Nanostructure in the La2CuO4-based superconductors

Orientational dependent x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on the local structure of the La2CuO4 based high Tc superconductors La2-x Srx CuO4, La2-x Bax CuO4, La1.6-x Srx Nd0.4CuO4, La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-y Niy O4, find both displacement and orientational disorder induced by doping (Sr,Ba) and alloying (Nd,Ni) atoms. The displacement disorder is in the first few neighboring atoms to the perturbing atom while the orientational disorder is of nanometer-sized regions which have disordering of the tilt angles of their CuO6 octahedra with respect to neighboring regions. This disorder affects both the normal and superconducting properties of the materials. It is found that disorder induced in the Cu-O2 planes has the greatest detrimental effect on Tc and conductivity.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Keeping smart, omnidirectional eyes on you [adaptive panoramic stereovision]

An adaptive panoramic stereo approach for two cooperative mobile platform is presented. There are four key features in the approach: 1) omnidirectional stereovision with an appropriate vertical FOV, and a simple camera calibration method; 2) cooperative mobile platforms for mutual dynamic calibration and best view planning; 3) 3D matching after meaningful object (human subject) extraction; and 4) real-time performance. The integration of omnidirectional vision with mutual awareness and dynamic calibration strategies allows intelligent cooperation between visual agents. This provides an effective way to solve the problems of limited resources, view planning, occlusion, and motion detection of movable robotic platforms. Experiments have shown that this approach is quite promising.
Change in motor function and risk of mortality in older persons.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between change in motor function and mortality. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: Approximately 40 retirement communities across the Chicago metropolitan area participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred thirty-seven community-based older persons without dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Change in composite measures of motor performance and muscle strength. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 2.2 years, 81 persons died. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, education, and body mass index, each 1-unit increase in the level of baseline motor performance was associated with an approximately 10% decrease in risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=0.901, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.863–0.941), and each unit of annual increase in motor performance was associated with an approximately 11% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.887, 95% CI=0.835–0.942). In a similar model, each 1-unit increase in the level of baseline strength was associated with an approximately 9% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.906, 95% CI=0.859–0.957), and each 1-unit annual increase in strength was associated with an approximately 10% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR=0.898, 95% CI=0.809–0.996). These results were similar when men and women were analyzed separately and after controlling for physical activity, cognition, and chronic disorders. When motor performance and muscle strength were examined in a single model, only baseline and annual change in motor performance were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Level and rate of change in strength and motor performance are associated with mortality. The attenuation of the association between strength and mortality by motor performance suggests that motor function is not a unitary process and that its components may vary in their associations with adverse health consequences in older persons.
The Law of Unintended Consequences: A Critique of the Dilutive Effects and Efficiency Costs of Multilayer Regulation

This Article examines the role obstruction charges play in the regulatory framework covering modern public corporations and their members. It finds that prosecutors’ reliance on obstruction charges undermines the legitimacy of substantive rules for enterprise behavior. This pattern not only causes significant inefficiency on its own, but indicates a broader problem with multilayer regulation. That is, in a previously regulated arena, the pre-existing legal environment may warp a new set of rules in undesirable ways. The Article concludes by proposing a means to address this problem generally and remove unnecessary costs associated with the compliance regime specifically.
Working During Pregnancy: Effects on the Fetus

In order to determine whether pregnancy outcome was altered when women were employed outside their homes, 7,722 pregnancies were analyzed. Gestations were not shortened but newborns of women who worked in the third trimester weighed 150 to 400 gm less than newborns of mothers who remained at home. The growth retardation was greatest when women were underweight pregravid and had a low pregnancy weight gain, when they were hypertensive, or when the work required standing. The growth retardation remained after the data were stratified by race, socioeconomic status, and other maternal factors that commonly influence fetal growth. The frequency of large placental infarcts progressively increased when women continued stand-up work into late gestation. Such infarcts reached a peak of 250/1,000 births after the 37th week of gestation in stand-up workers. Low uteroplacental blood flow is a likely explanation for both the fetal growth retardation and the large placental infarcts.
Clusterin is induced by cancer chemotherapy and suppresses histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced apoptosis in breast cancer

B22 Background: Solid tumors are frequently treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Highly malignant, p53-negative cancer cells induce the expression of clusterin in response to chemotherapy and radiation, and clusterin suppresses apoptosis and promotes drug resistance. Clusterin binds to Bax and can also promote apoptosis by binding to Ku70 in the nucleus. We have found that histone deacetylases regulate clusterin stability after chemotherapy.Experimental procedures: MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with doxorubicin in combination with pharmacological histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs), and clusterin expression was analyzed by western blot. Clusterin expression was then suppressed by RNAi, and its effect on apoptosis was analyzed by cleavage of PARP and pro-caspase 3.Results: Clusterin expression was induced by doxorubicin, and clusterin was hyper-expressed 2.4-fold following combined treatment with doxorubicin and the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) sodium butyrate or SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), suggesting that clusterin is inhibited by histone deacetylases. However, HDIs had a modest effect on clusterin transcription, suggesting that HDIs increase the post-transcriptional stability of clusterin. Clusterin was hyper-expressed following treatment with HDIs combined with etoposide or camptothecin, indicating that hyper-expression is not specific to doxorubicin, and doxorubicin/HDI treatment led to clusterin hyper-expression in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Using RNAi directed to clusterin, we determined that clusterin suppressed HDI-induced apoptosis. Clusterin suppressed polyADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activity (P
Purification of the c-fos enhancer-binding protein.

Wehavepurified thec-fos enhancer-binding protein fromHeLacellnuclear extracts. Thekeypurification stepsinvolved chromatography on anonspecific DNA affinity column, fromwhichbinding activity andother proteins were eluted atlowsalt concentrations, followed bychromatography on a specific oligonucleotide affinity column, fromwhichtheenhancer binding activity was specifically eluted athighsalt concentrations. Thepurified protein hada molecular weight ofapproximately 62,000 andcontained thebinding activity, as demonstrated bytherenaturation oftheactivity froma sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelslice. The purified protein hada strong affinity forthec-fos enhancer dyadsymmetry sequence,with an equilibrium dissociation constant of3.3x 10-11 M.Thisaffinity was atleast 50,000-fold stronger thanthatfoundfor nonspecific DNA sequences. Expression ofthec-fos proto-oncogene isinduced rapidly byanumberofmitogenic agents including serum, polypeptide growth factors, phorbol ester tumorpromoters, diacylglycerol, andthecalcium ionophore A23187 (2,7,9,14,15, 19,20).Induction ofthec-fos genetherefore provides a modelforunderstanding howthese agents transmit their signals fromeither thecell surface orthecytoplasm tothe nucleus.
Lack of correlation between effects of tentoxin on chloroplast coupling factor and chloroplast ultrastructure

The mediation of tentoxin-induced chlorosis through inhibition of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) ATPase activity was investigated through an examination of the effects of tentoxin on electrophoretically-separated CF1 ATPases from sensitive and insensitive Nicotiana species. Sensitive species exhibited three major ATPases, only one of which was inhibited at some concentrations of tentoxin. Insensitive Nicotiana species showed the same three “isozymes”upon electrophoresis but none of the isozymes were tentoxin sensitive. CF1 isolated from Zea mays L. cv. Pioneer 3541, which is insensitive to tentoxin in vivo based on lack of chlorosis, exhibited two ATPases, one of which was sensitive to tentoxin. The concentration/activity relationships between tentoxin and ATPase inhibition of the sensitive isozyme did not correlate well with the chlorosis induced at similar levels of tentoxin in vivo. Both Oenothera hookeri Torr. & Gray and the CF1-deficient I iota mutant derived from it are sensitive to tentoxin as determined by loss of chlorophyll and ultrastructural changes typical of the tentoxin syndrome. These results support a mechanism of action different from inhibition of CF1 for tentoxin-induced chlorosis.
Laser Radar Range Imaging Sensor For Commercial Applications

Advanced, three-dimensional laser ranging systems have taken robotic applications such as bin picking, robotic guidance, manipulative tasks, and inspection processes to a new level of technological sophistication. This optical radar provides three-dimensional vision for a robotic system. This then allows tasks to be completed that were not previously possible.
A role for Huntington disease protein in dendritic RNA granules

Regulated transport and local translation of mRNA in neurons are critical for modulating synaptic strength, maintaining proper neural circuitry, and establishing long term memory. Neuronal RNA granules are ribonucleoprotein particles that serve to transport mRNA along microtubules and control local protein synthesis in response to synaptic activity. Studies suggest that neuronal RNA granules share similar structures and functions with somatic P-bodies. We recently reported that the Huntington disease protein huntingtin (Htt) associates with Argonaute (Ago) and localizes to cytoplasmic P-bodies, which serve as sites of mRNA storage, degradation, and small RNA-mediated gene silencing. Here we report that wild-type Htt associates with Ago2 and components of neuronal granules and co-traffics with mRNA in dendrites. Htt was found to co-localize with RNA containing the 3′-untranslated region sequence of known dendritically targeted mRNAs. Knockdown of Htt in neurons caused altered localization of mRNA. When tethered to a reporter construct, Htt down-regulated reporter gene expression in a manner dependent on Ago2, suggesting that Htt may function to repress translation of mRNAs during transport in neuronal granules.
High-Tc superconductivity in potassium-doped fullerene, KxC60, via coupled C60 (pπ) cluster molecular orbitals and dynamic Jahn-Teller coupling

Abstract Recently observed superconductivity at 18 K in potassium-doped fullerene, KxC60, may be due to Cooper pairing of partially occupied icosahedral C60 cluster t1u (pπ) molecular orbitals, induced by cooperative dynamic Jahn-Teller coupling of these orbitals to “soft-mode” vibrations of the C60 molecules, leading to a BCS-like mechanism. Predicted are a nonvanishing isotope effect and Tc increasing to 30 K or more with optimization of doping, and significant effects with pressure.
Growth of single crystals of anhydrous divalent metal chlorides MCl2 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)

Abstract Single crystals of anhydrous divalent metal chlorides MCl 2 ( M = Mg , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni ) 9 mm in diameter and up to 70 mm long have been grown by standard Bridgman techniques.
WOMEN, LEADERSHIP, AND EMPOWERMENT

This paper is a review of leadership research, focusing primarily on women as leaders. The more recent perspective of studying leaders by examining followers is included; but research is sparse as to how leaders are perceived as empowering by their subordinates. A study in progress, conducted by Denmark, Nielson, and Scholl, indicates that stereotypes were more typically held by women against female leaders. However, a leader's ability to be empowering varies with status. The higher the status, the more empowering that individual is perceived, whether female or male. Yet, more men than women held higher status positions. More women are needed in high-level positions to better assess leadership and empowerment.
Atomization enthalpies and enthalpies of formation of Ge3 and Ge4 by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry

Abstract The high-temperature mass spectrometric method was employed to measure the equilibrium partial pressures of Ge 3 and Ge 4 above liquid germanium contained in a graphite Knudsen cell. These data were combined with thermal functions for Ge 3 and Ge 4 , calculated from recent theoretical and spectroscopic molecular parameters, to evaluate the atomization enthalpies and enthalpies of formation. Mass spectrometric equilibrium data for Ge 3 and Ge 4 available in literature were also re-evaluated. The following atomization enthalpies, Δ a H o 0 (Ge n ,g) and enthalpies of formation Δ f H o 298.15 (Ge n ,g), in kJ mol −1 , are overall assessed values: Ge 3 , 589.8±19 and 531.9±19; Ge 4 , 969.4±24 and 527.7±24. The atomization energies are in very good agreement with predictions by Deutsch et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 270 (1997) 413] using Gaussian-2 theory.
Cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells in monolayer culture. III. Low-density lipoprotein metabolism.

The metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells of human gynecological origin, in monolayer cultures. The neoplastic cells were derived from epidermoid vaginal carcinoma, epidermoid cervical carcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma, in various degrees of differentiation. The non-neoplastic cells were cervical fibroblasts and epithelial cells from proliferative endometrial glands. Both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells assimilated and degraded LDL in a similar fashion to other human cells (e.g. skin fibroblasts). However, the neoplastic cells metabolized LDL at a higher rate than the non-neoplastic cell (e.g. epidermoid cervical cancer cells metabolized LDL at a 20 times higher rate than did cervical fibroblasts). Such a high rate of LDL metabolism probably enables continuously replicating cancer cells to obtain the large amounts of cholesterol required for cell membrane synthesis. If a high rate of LDL metabolism proves to be a general property of cancer cells, such a property could prove useful for tumor chemotherapy, providing cytotoxic chemicals could be incorporated within the LDL molecule.
Clinical Spectrum of Adrenal Myelolipoma: Analysis of 8 Tumors in 7 Patients

AbstractAdrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign, and biochemically nonfunctioning tumor. Most patients with adrenal myelolipoma are asymptomatic and the condition is discovered incidentally at autopsy. Review of the literature reveals 70 patients with surgically documented adrenal myelolipoma. We report 7 additional patients with 8 adrenal myelolipomas, of whom 5 underwent surgical removal because of tumor size, unusual imaging features or symptomatology. Of our patients 4 had symptomatic lesions requiring surgical removal, while 1 had an adrenal myelolipoma that was discovered intraoperatively. Of the remaining 2 patients 1 had a small (3 cm.) lesion discovered incidentally on excretory urography and 1 had bilateral adrenal myelolipoma discovered incidentally on computerized tomography.
Clopidogrel and PPI Interaction: Clinically Relevant or Not?

Proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel are commonly prescribed medications, both alone and in combination. In January of 2009 the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency issued warnings with regard to the concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors. Later that year, these warnings were limited to the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole. These warnings were largely based on in-vitro studies and observational analyses suggesting decreased efficacy of clopidogrel in the presence of proton pump inhibitors. Recent literature has suggested there may not be a clinically meaningful interaction.
Prenatal dysthymia versus major depression effects on the neonate

Depressed pregnant women were classified as dysthymic or major depression disorder based on the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression and followed to the newborn period. The newborns of dysthymic versus major depression disorder mothers had a significantly shorter gestational age, a lower birthweight, shorter birth length and less optimal obstetric complications scores. The neonates of dysthymic mothers also had lower orientation and motor scores and more depressive symptoms on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. These findings were not surprising given the elevated cortisol levels and the inferior fetal measures including lower fetal weight, fetal length, femur length and abdominal circumference noted in our earlier study on fetuses of dysthymic pregnant women.
STUDIES ON THE INHIBITORY HORMONE OF THE TESTES II. PREPARATION AND WEIGHT CHANGES IN THE SEX ORGANS OF THE ADULT, MALE, WHITE RAT1

HOSKINS (1) stated that a principle resident in the gonads has an inhibitory effect on the anterior pituitary. The removal of this principle should cause hypertrophy of the pituitary providing the rest of the gonadal secretion remains intact. McCullagh (2) postulated such an inhibitory watersoluble hormone in the germinal epithelium of the testicle. He called this hormone ‘inhibin.’ The male hormone is produced in the interstitial cells of the testicle and islipoid-soluble. If the concept of dual hormonology of the testicle is correct, then hyposecretion of the inhibitory hormone should lead to pituitary hypertrophy and resultant hypersecretion of themale hormone. This excess production of the male hormone should then cause hyp ertrophy of the secondary male sex organs. Martins and Rocha (3) showed that removal of the gonads in rats causes hypertrophy of the pituitary gland. They also demonstrated that the hypertrophied pituitary of a castrated rat causes hypertrophy of the prostate of a normal animal whe...
Developing vs Importing Oral Health Resources: The PHS Experience in the Pacific

Before beginning my presentation, I would like to spend a few moments to recall a friend and colleague of mine who was also a member of this association. My friend was Dr. Gene Sabino from the Sonsorol Islands just north of the Equator in Palau. Gene died this past summer from the ravages of chronic hepatitis, which is very prevalent in Micronesia. I first met Gene in 1976 in Colonia, Yap, where he was a public health dentist with a tremendous social conscience. Shortly thereafter, he moved his family to Minnesota, were he received his master's degree in public health. Upon returning to Micronesia, Gene became the dental chief in the Northern Mariana Islands. In addition, he was to serve for more than a decade as the president of the Micronesian Dental Association. He promoted oral health wherever and with whomever he could. This ranged from promoting a dental nurse retraining program, to conducting a pilot sealant program on preschool children, to organizing oral exams for collecting data. Furthermore, he was a tireless advocate for developing local resources. He also recognized the need to supplement these resources with those from elsewhere. So you see, in many ways, Dr. Gene Sabino made it possible for me to share the following information with you. For this I am grateful.
Cloud model evaluation using radiometric measurements from the airborne multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (AirMISR)

Abstract Detailed information on cloud properties is needed to rigorously test retrieval algorithms for satellite and ground-based remote sensors. The inherent complexity of clouds makes this information difficult to obtain from observations alone and cloud resolving models (CRMs) are often used to generate synthetic datasets that can be used as proxies for real data. We test the ability of a CRM to reproduce the observed structure of low-level clouds detected by the Earth Observing System (EOS) validation program in north central Oklahoma on March 3, 2000. A three-dimensional radiative transfer model is applied to high-resolution cloud fields generated by the CRM in order to simulate the top of atmosphere radiances. These synthetic radiances are then statistically compared with observations from the airborne Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (AirMISR), flown on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft. Simulations match well the blue channel radiance distributions at oblique view angles but overestimate the minimum in reflectance at near-nadir viewing angles. The model reproduces correctly the angular change in the width of radiance distribution, as measured by the standard deviation but the change in skewness of these distributions is captured only qualitatively. The model biases are suggestive of the simulated cloud boundaries being too sharp and the distribution of the vertical liquid water path being too narrow. A power spectrum analysis shows a close agreement between simulations and observations including a break in the scaling properties of the radiance fields around 400 m. The scaling properties of the 1D power spectrum of simulated radiance at smaller scales exhibit directional dependence not seen in corresponding observations.
Temporal Influence of Heart Failure Hospitalizations Prior to Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Defibrillator on Subsequent Outcome in Mild Heart Failure Patients (from MADIT-CRT)

The temporal effect of heart failure (HF) hospitalization occurring at different time periods before implantation has not yet been studied in detail. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential association between time from last HF hospitalization to device implantation and effects on subsequent outcomes and benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D). Multivariate Cox models were used to determine the temporal influence of previous HF hospitalization on the end point of HF or death within all left bundle branch block implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and CRT-D patients enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) trial (n = 1,250) and to evaluate the clinical benefit of CRT-D implantation, comparing CRT-D patients with ICD patients within each previous HF hospitalization group. The patients with previous HF hospitalization ≤12 months before device implantation had the greatest incidence of HF or death during 4-year follow-up (31%), while those with previous HF hospitalization >12 months and those with no previous HF hospitalization had similar lower rates of HF or death (22% and 24%, respectively). All patients treated with CRT-D derived significant clinical benefit compared with their ICD counterparts, regardless of time of previous hospitalization (hazard ratios 0.38 [no previous hospitalization], 0.49 (≤12 months), and 0.45 (>12 months); p for interaction = 0.67). In conclusion, in the present study of patients with mild HF with prolonged QRS intervals and LBBB, a previous HF hospitalization ≤12 months was associated with increased risk for HF or death compared with >12 months and no previous HF hospitalizations. The clinical benefit of CRT-D was evident in all patients regardless of time from last HF hospitalization to implantation compared with ICD only.