cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competition, advertising and meeting competition clauses

Abstract Pricing according to ‘meeting competition clauses’ (MCC's) is often argued to enforce collusive agreements. Our analysis incorporates uncertainty and advertising. We show, within a spatial model, that MCC's permit price discrimination, but at the expense of lower profits.
Unraveling the modified surface of the photographic paper “Japine”

Modification of the surface of a paper intended for coating with a photographic sensitizer will influence both its chemical and physical characteristics. A scientific examination was performed on the photographic paper, Japine, produced by the Platinotype Company from 1906 to 1937 for their platinum, silver, and palladium printing processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and non-invasive imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) reveal the presence of a very thin layer at the paper surface. Detailed investigation by attenuated total internal reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses determined that this surface consists of a parchmentized layer created by chemical modification of the paper support rather than the presence of an applied coating. Reverse engineering studies suggest that the paper was prepared by treatment with sulfuric acid under select conditions to modify the structure of the cellulose only at the paper surface. SEM imaging demonstrates that the distribution of the platinum particles that make up the image is significantly altered on surface parchmentized papers compared to unmodified papers.
Visual evoked potential correlates of positive/negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Abstract Previous studies of schizophrenic patients have found evoked potential (EP) correlates of clinical symptomatology, including EP differences between subtypes of schizophrenia. In the current study, 14 medicated male schizohrenics underwent flash visual evoked potentials (VEP) and were clinically rated for positive and negative symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that positive symptoms would be associated with VEP latency reduction and negative symptoms with latency prolongation. Patients were divided into predominantly positive symptom and predominantly negative symptom groups using a combination of positive and negative symptom ratings. Patients with predominantly positive symptoms exhibited reduced latencies when compared with predominantly negative symptom patients. Similarly, significant negative correlations between positive symptom ratings and P200 latency variables were found. Correlations between negative symptom measures and P200 latencies (in the opposite direction) were also noted, but were less significant. These relationships persisted when confounders were statistically controlled for. The results are consistent with previous findings of evoked potential correlates of clinical symptomatology, especially those finding EP latency correlates of psychosis severity and affective blunting. The findings are discussed in relationship to concepts relevant to psychosis, including arousal, sensory gating, and the dopamine hypothesis.
Microfabricated devices for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry.

Two fundamental approaches for the coupling of microfabricated devices to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) have been developed and evaluated. The microdevices, designed for electrophoretic separation, were constructed from glass by standard photolithographic/wet chemical etching techniques. Both approaches integrated sample inlet ports, preconcentration sample loops, the separation channel, and a port for ESI coupling. In one design, a modular, reusable microdevice was coupled to an external subatmospheric electrospray interface using a liquid junction and a fused silica transfer capillary. The transfer capillary allowed the use of an independent electrospray interface as well as fiber optic UV detection. In the second design, a miniaturized pneumatic nebulizer was fabricated as an integral part of the chip, resulting in a very simple device. The on-chip pneumatic nebulizer provided control of the flow of the electrosprayed liquid and minimized the dead volume associated with droplet formation at t...
Cutaneous Congenital Plexiform Cellular Schwannoma: A Simulant of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Childhood – A Case Report and Literature Review

Cutaneous plexiform schwannoma is a rare multilobulated variant of benign schwannoma. When presenting as the cellular subtype with significantly increased proliferative rate, diagnostic consideration of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is prompted. However, follow up demonstrates a benign natural history with propensity for local recurrence and typical lack of association with neurocutaneous syndromes. These lesions most commonly occur as cutaneous and subcutaneous masses of the extremities in the first four decades. Only 9 cases of congenital tumors are reported. A case of congenital plexiform cellular schwannoma, presenting as a cutaneous mass measuring 3.5 × 2.5 × 2.0 cm, excised from the left upper arm of a 16 month old female is discussed. Regions of increased cellularity and proliferation co-localized and were unassociated with nuclear anaplasia. Mitotic figures numbered 7 per 10 400x fields. The tumor cells were strongly immunoreactive for S-100 protein. The MIB-1index was multifocally 25% and p53 protein over expression was present in 50% of nuclei. Following excision with free margins the tumor locally recurred after 16 months. The recurrence was morphologically identical to the original lesion. Recognition of the clinical and morphological characteristics of this rarely encountered benign neoplasm will facilitate in diagnosing this entity.
Effects of a Multicomponent Intervention on Functional Outcomes and Process of Care in Hospitalized Older Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Acute Care for Elders (ACE) in a Community Hospital

BACKGROUND: Older persons frequently experience a decline in function following an acute medical illness and hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a multicomponent intervention, called Acute Care for Elders (ACE), will improve functional outcomes and the process of care in hospitalized older patients. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Community teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 1531 community-dwelling patients, aged 70 or older, admitted for an acute medical illness between November 1994 and May 1997. INTERVENTION: ACE includes a specially designed environment (with, for example, carpeting and uncluttered hallways); patient-centered care, including nursing care plans for prevention of disability and rehabilitation; planning for patient discharge to home; and review of medical care to prevent iatrogenic illness. MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was change in the number of independent activities of daily living (ADL) from 2 weeks before admission (baseline) to discharge. Secondary outcomes included resource use, implementation of orders to promote function, and patient and provider satisfaction. RESULTS: Self-reported measures of function did not differ at discharge between the intervention and usual care groups by intention-to-treat analysis. The composite outcome of ADL decline from baseline or nursing home placement was less frequent in the intervention group at discharge (34% vs 40%; P = .027) and during the year following hospitalization (P = .022). There were no significant group differences in hospital length of stay and costs, home healthcare visits, or readmissions. Nursing care plans to promote independent function were more often implemented in the intervention group (79% vs 50%; P = .001), physical therapy consults were obtained more frequently (42% vs 36%; P = .027), and restraints were applied to fewer patients (2% vs 6%; P = .001). Satisfaction with care was higher for the intervention group than the usual care group among patients, caregivers, physicians, and nurses (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: ACE in a community hospital improved the process of care and patient and provider satisfaction without increasing hospital length of stay or costs. A lower frequency of the composite outcome ADL decline or nursing home placement may indicate potentially beneficial effects on patient outcomes.
The Effects of a Laban-Based Movement Program with Music on Measures of Balance and Gait in Older Adults

Abstract A group of 36 healthy older adults (Males = 10, Females = 26), who ranged in age from 63 to 86 years, participated in a movement program designed to enhance balance and gait characteristics. The program, designed by a Laban movement analyst, consisted of 14 movement sequences set to music especially composed to reflect the dynamics, rhythm, timing, and phrasing of the movements. After five weeks, individuals showed statistically significant increases in measures of balance and gait characteristics. For those persons (N = 7) who extended their involvement, improvements continued but were not statistically significant.
Cardiothoracic Surgical Emergencies in the Intensive Care Unit

Patients with cardiothoracic surgical emergencies are frequently admitted to the ICU, either prior to operative intervention or after surgery. Recognition and appropriate timing of operative intervention are key factors in improving outcomes. A collaborative team approach with the cardiothoracic service is imperative in managing this patient population.
Fitness Fun for Everyone: Classroom Games and Activities to Support Reading and Math

(2009). Fitness Fun for Everyone: Classroom Games and Activities to Support Reading and Math. Childhood Education: Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 97-102.
CZTSe devices fabricated from CZTSSe nanoparticles

To understand and control the growth paths of kesterite based CZTSe films as prepared from kesterite nanoparticles we investigate films prepared from different chalcogenide ratios in the initial nanoparticles. To do so we introduce a new method for producing kesterite nanocrystals with controlled ratios of sulfur and selenium. Final CZTSe devices are prepared from these nanoparticles with total area solar power conversion efficiencies up to and exceeding eight percent (see Fig. 1). All devices made from selenizing nanoparticles that contained sulfur showed efficiency greater than six percent while pure selenide nanoparticles resulted in non-performing devices.
Observations of zonal flow created by potential vorticity mixing in a rotating fluid

Received 3 May 2002; revised 17 July 2002; accepted 18 July 2002; published 24 September 2002. [1] We present an experimental and numerical study of a rotating fluid with a zonal flow produced from small-scale eddies, a common feature of many planetary systems. The apparatus consists of a water-filled annular tank with a sloped bottom. Flow is forced mechanically at small, nonaxisymmetric scales. Potential vorticity is materially conserved and well-mixed. This implies the existence of nonzero axisymmetric vorticity and therefore of zonal flow, which has three zones in this case. The strength of zonal flow has an upper bound imposed by complete depletion of the beta-plane potential vorticity reservoir. INDEX TERMS: 5707 Planetology: Fluid Planets: Atmospheres—structure and dynamics; 5734 Planetology: Fluid Planets: Magnetic fields and magnetism; 5744 Planetology: Fluid Planets: Orbital and rotational dynamics. Citation: Aubert, J., S. Jung, and H. L. Swinney, Observations of zonal flow created by potential vorticity mixing in a rotating fluid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(18), 1876, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL015422, 2002.
Vanishing sums in function fields

Let k be a field of zero characteristic, and let F be a function field over k of genus g. We normalize each valuation v on F so that its order group consists of all rational integers, and for elements u1, …, un of F, not all zero, we define the (projective) height asThe sum formula on F shows that this is really a height on the projective space .
Do Anglers and Fishery Professionals Think Alike

Abstract Understanding differences and similarities between anglers and fishery managers can serve to inform and improve communication between the groups. Misperceptions about anglers' desires may lead to inappropriate management responses. Our study compared the views of anglers who bought a license to fish in New York State in 1996 with those of New York Bureau of Fisheries (BOF) staff and included a comparison among BOF staff to identify intra-agency differences. Fishing activities were similar between anglers and BOF staff, although BOF staff interests were more strongly linked to coldwater species and ice fishing. BOF staff and 1996 anglers had similar preferences and opinions on many fisheries management topics and were generally satisfied with the bureau's overall performance. Both BOF staff and 1996 anglers also rated their support for many fishery management actions similarly; however, some differences were noted. Results from these comparisons should be viewed as an opportunity to increase commu...
Monovalent cations and growth regulation. I. Growth responses in cucumber hypocotyl segments.

The elongation of etiolated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hypocotyl segments was stimulated by KCl and a number of other potassium salts at a concentration of 0.02 n K(+). The effect of KCl was not evident until 14 hours after the beginning of treatment.NaCl, LiCl, and RbCl enhanced elongation of the segments, and their dosage-response curves were similar to that for KCl. At supraoptimal concentrations (>/= 0.05 m), LiCl inhibited segment growth. CsCl was inhibitory at all concentrations tested and was thus the only alkali metal cation to lack growth-promoting activity in this system. NH(4)Cl also promoted elongation, but not as effectively as did the alkali cations.CaCl(2), CoCl(2), and MgCl(2) did not enhance growth when tested at the same concentrations as the monovalent cations. CoCl(2) promoted strongly at 10(3)m, and NiCl(2) was slightly active at 10(-4)m.It is suggested that the nutritional requirement for K in higher plants results from a specific involvement in certain enzyme systems and from a relatively nonspecific role related to the elongation response described here.
Use of Traps for Study and Control of Saltmarsh Greenhead Flies

The very large population of Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, on the Brigantine Wildlife Refuge near Leeds Point, New Jersey, presented an excellent location for study of these populations and their control. Largest numbers were present in mid-July. Sticky traps, Manitoba traps. and Manning traps all showed the same pattern of adult numbers. Dark colors were most attractive, and a pattern of a white square on black on a sticky trap was superior to black alone. Three years of experimentation showed the best design for the Manitoba trap included a plastic canopy elevated 20 inches above the marsh surface, with a black skirt 16 inches wide around the bottom of the canopy but no other decoy, without a vented collector, and with CO2 as an attractant. The Manning trap caught many more flies than the others, however, and had the advantages of simple design, low cost, and ease of construct ion and maintenance.
The number of CD1a+ large low-density cells with dendritic cell features is increased in the peripheral blood of HIV+ patients

Employing a discontinuous Percoll gradient following Ficoll-Hypaque separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects (n = 14) and patients with HIV-1 infection (n = 50), we separated a population of low-density cells consisting of monocytoid cells, lymphocytes, and some granulocytes. In cytospin preparations, less than 5% of the monocytoid cells were positive for nonspecific esterase and CD14. However, CD1a was positive in 5-20% of these cells. Ultrastructurally, CD1a-labeled immunogold particles were demonstrated on the monocytoid cells which bore some features of dendritic cells. Flow cytometry of the low-density cells identified a subset of buoyant, large cell population, which excluded lymphocytes. This large low-density cell (LLDC) population was significantly expanded in patients with HIV infection and comprised 32.3 +/- 21.3% of low-density cells compared to 7.0 +/- 2.8% in normal subjects (P < 0.0001). Of the LLDC population 45.2 +/- 23.4% were CD1a+ in patients compared to 17.5 +/- 13.3% in normal subjects (P < or = 0.0001). HLA-DR and HLA-DQ were coexpressed in approximately 70 and 50% of these CD1a+ LLDC, respectively. A simple nonculture assay method employed by us facilitates rapid screening of infected blood specimens for the CD1a+ large low-density cells with dendritic cell features, which could be an additional parameter to monitor HIV disease progression.
Tensile Strength of Indium

THIS communication presents new approximate values of tensile strength and percentage elongation for indium.
Single-stage posterolateral transpedicle approach for spondylectomy, epidural decompression, and circumferential fusion of spinal metastases.

Study design Retrospective review of prospectively maintained institutional spine database. Objectives To assess the pain, neurologic, and functional outcome of patients with metastatic spinal cord compression using a posterolateral transpedicular approach with circumferential fusion. Summary of background data Patients with spinal metastases often have patterns of disease requiring both an anterior and posterior surgical decompression and spinal fusion. For patients whose concurrent illness or previous surgery makes an anterior approach difficult, a posterior transpedicular approach was used to resect the involved vertebral bodies, posterior elements, and epidural tumor. This approach provides exposure sufficient to decompress and instrument the anterior and posterior columns. Methods During the past 15 months, 25 patients were operated on using a posterolateral transpedicular approach. The primary indications for surgery were back pain (15 patients) and neurologic progression (10 patients). All patients had vertebral body disease, and 21 patients had high-grade spinal cord compression from epidural disease as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Seven patients underwent preoperative embolization for vascular tumors. In each patient, the anterior column was reconstructed with polymethyl methacrylate and Steinmann pins and the posterior column with long segmental fixation. Results All patients achieved immediate stability. Pain relief was significant in all 23 patients who had had moderate or severe pain. Neurologic symptoms were stable or improved in 23 patients. One patient with an acutely evolving myelopathy was immediately worse after surgery, and one patient had a delayed neurologic worsening, progressing to paraplegia. Conclusions The posterolateral transpedicular approach provides a wide surgical exposure to decompress and instrument the anterior and posterior spine. This technique avoids the morbidity associated with anterior approaches and provides immediate stability. Vascular tumors may be removed safely after embolization. Patients can be mobilized early after surgery.
Linearly stable orbits in 3 dimensional billiards

We construct linearly stable periodic orbits in a class of billiard systems in 3 dimensional domains with boundaries containing semispheres arbitrarily far apart. It shows that the results about planar billiard systems in domains with convex boundaries which have nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents cannot be easily extended to 3 dimensions.
Endoscopic Saphenous Vein Harvesting: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Saphenectomy

A technique of greater saphenous vein harvesting for coronary artery revascularization using an endoscopic approach is herein detailed. The saphenous vein is directly identified at the knee through a single incision. An endoscopic dissector is advanced proximally and distally along the course of the vein, ligating side-branches with clips. The vein is divided at the ends of dissection, dependent on patient anatomy, by either a counterincision, endoscopic clips, or ligation with an Endo-loop.
A Comparison of Approximate and Exact Solutions for Homogeneous Irreversible Chemical Reaction in the Laminar Boundary Layer

A comparison of approximate and exact solutions for homogeneous irreversible chemical reaction in the laminar boundary layer flow has been made. By using the Method of Weighted Residuals, approximate analytical expressions for the velocity and concentration profiles were developed for the case of a laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate at zero incidence angle, where isothermal, homogeneous, nth order chemical reaction takes place. Both the Subdomain and Galerkin methods were employed to examine the influence of the choice of the weighting function on the predictions, and to provide a means for improving the solutions systematically. The problem was also solved numerically for the case of first order reaction by using a similarity solution for the hydrodynamic flow and a power series expansion method for the mass transfer. The analytical results were compared with the exact solutions in order to evaluate the accuracy of the approximate analytical solutions. The Method of Weighted Residuals provided...
A Job Well Done

Excerpt Sitting here in the intensive care unit, waiting quietly while friends and family gather around the bedside to say their final good-byes to Paul, I find myself staring blankly out the windo...
Epidemiologic modelling of diseases - a case example using Schistosoma and Trypanosoma

Research to develop dynamic computer simulation models of two host-parasite systems involving Trypanosoma and Schistosoma were initiated in 1986. A knowledge base system for the two parasites was developed from published field data from the tropics. Systems analysis and simulation modelling were applied to describe the quantitative epidemiology of the parasites. Based on mechanistic decomposition of the components of the bio-epidemiologic systems, Forrester's flow diagrams were developed. Interactions between factors in the systems and variables required in the models were estimated from existing data resident in the computer based knowledge base system. Appropriate first order differential equations were set up to describe the dynamics of the models based on mass action theory. Simulation involved integrating birth and death rates, infection and recovery rates and other variables as they relate to population and resource changes, and fluctuations in environmental temperature and rainfall. Both C and FORTRAN languages were utilized in developing the computer models. Simulation studies of several alternatives for the control of the parasitic diseases are now being studied. Ultimately recommendations for the best strategy for the control of the two disease(s) will be provided. It is expected that the methodology developed in this research will be applied to comparable types of processes.
Soft X-ray lasers

One of the elusive dreams of laser physicists has been the development of an x-ray laser. After 25 years of waiting, the x-ray laser has at last entered the scientific scene, although those now in operation are still laboratory prototypes. They produce soft x rays down to about five nanometers. X-ray lasers retain the usual characteristics of their optical counterparts: a very tight beam, spatial and temporal coherence, and extreme brightness. Present x-ray lasers are nearly 100 times brighter that the next most powerful x-ray source in the world: the electron synchrotron. Although Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is widely known for its hard-x-ray laser program which has potential applications in the Strategic Defense Initiative, the soft x-ray lasers have no direct military applications. These lasers, and the scientific tools that result from their development, may one day have a place in the design and diagnosis of both laser fusion and hard x-ray lasers. The soft x-ray lasers now in operation at the LLNL have shown great promise but are still in the primitive state. Once x-ray lasers become reliable, efficient, and economical, they will have several important applications. Chief among them might be the creation of holograms of microscopicmore » biological structures too small to be investigated with visible light. 5 figs.« less
Mean flow structure in high aspect ratio microchannel flows

An experimental investigation of water flow through a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel was conducted to further understand fluid dynamic characteristics in microchannels and to test the validity of macroscale theories that are commonly utilized at the microscale. A rectangular microchannel with nominal dimensions of 500 μm in height, 6 mm in width, and 32.8 cm in length was CNC machined into an aluminum blank. The test-section was completed by attaching a cap blank to the microchannel blank. Pressure and velocity data were obtained over a Reynolds number range from 173 to 4830, where the Reynolds number is based upon hydraulic diameter and channel average velocity. Velocity data were obtained using molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV). Laminar dimensionless velocity and coefficient of friction data are in agreement with macroscale theory. Transition from laminar flow, based upon a change in dimensionless velocity profile shape, occurs at a Reynolds number of 2800. This transitional Reynolds number is in excellent agreement with integral results and macroscale experimental results. Fully developed turbulent flow is found to exist at a Reynolds number of 4800. Inner normalized mean velocity profiles scale in the near-wall region, whereas the profiles of Reynolds stress and production of kinetic energy do not scale on inner variables. The inner normalized mean velocity profiles exhibit increasingly logarithmic-like behavior through the transitional regime. The experimental trends for the inner normalized mean velocity, Reynolds stress, and turbulence production are consistent with macroscale experimental and direct numerical simulation data. At this scale, influences reliably attributable to microscale effects were not detected in either the laminar or turbulent measurements of the present study.
A Pediatric Case Report on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

It is important for pediatric cardiologists to remember arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) in the differential diagnosis of syncope in the pediatric population. Although the prevalence of ARVD is estimated to be relatively low and the true incidence is unknown, there are several characteristic findings that can be obtained by noninvasive modalities such as ECG, echocardiogram, and MRI that can lead to a diagnosis despite a nonspecific clinical presentation. We examined the diagnostic steps and current treatment and preventive options in a child with ARVD to highlight these features for clinicians who often evaluate children with syncope.
Introspective 3D chips

While the number of transistors on a chip increases exponentially over time, the productivity that can be realized from these systems has not kept pace. To deal with the complexity of modern systems, software developers are increasingly dependent on specialized development tools such as security profilers, memory leak identifiers, data flight recorders, and dynamic type analysis. Many of these tools require full-system data which covers multiple interacting threads, processes, and processors. Reducing the performance penalty and complexity of these software tools is critical to those developing next generation applications, and many researchers have proposed adding specialized hardware to assist in profiling and introspection. Unfortunately, while this additional hardware would be incredibly beneficial to developers, the cost of this hardware must be paid on every single die that is manufactured.In this paper, we argue that a new way to attack this problem is with the addition of specialized analysis hardware built on separate active layers stacked vertically on the processor die using 3D IC technology. This provides a modular "snap-on" functionality that could be included with developer systems, and omitted from consumer systems to keep the cost impact to a minimum. In this paper we describe the advantage of using inter-die vias for introspection and we quantify the impact they can have in terms of the area, power, temperature, and routability of the resulting systems. We show that hardware stubs could be inserted into commodity processors at design time that would allow analysis layers to be bonded to development chips, and that these stubs would increase area and power by no more than 0.021mm2 and 0.9% respectively.
Kinetic model for nitrogen-limited wine fermentations.

A physical and mathematical model for wine fermentation kinetics has been developed to predict sugar utilization curves based on experimental data from wine fermentations with various initial nitrogen and sugar concentrations in the juice. The model is based on: (1) yeast cell growth limited by nitrogen; (2) sugar utilization rates and ethanol production rates proportional solely to the number of viable cells; and (3) a death rate for cells proportional to alcohol content. All but one parameter in the model can be estimated from existing data. However, experiments to find this final parameter, a constant describing cell death, indicate that cell death may not be the critical factor in determining fermentation kinetics as cell viability remains significant until sugar utilization has ceased. The model, nevertheless, predicts a transition from normal to sluggish to stuck fermentations as initial nitrogen levels decrease. It also predicts that fermentations with high initial Brix levels may go to completion when supplemented with nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Therefore, we hypothesize that the model is valid but that ethanol causes the yeast cells to become inactive while remaining viable. Experimental verification of the model has been performed using flask-scale experiments. The model has also been used to evaluate the possibility of using nitrogen or viable cell additions to avoid or correct problem (i.e., sluggish or stuck) fermentations.
Two dimensional highly associative level-two cache design

High associativity is important for level-two cache designs [9]. Implementing CAM-based highly associative caches (CAM-HAC), however, is both costly in hardware and exhibits poor scalability. We propose to implement the CAM-HAC in macro-blocks to improve scalability. Each macro-block contains 128-row and 8-column of cache blocks. We name it Two dimensional Cache, or T-Cache. Each macro-block has an associativity equivalent to 128times8=1024-way. Twelve bits of the T-Cachepsilas tag are implemented by using CAM, while the remaining tag uses SRAM; Furthermore, random replacement is used in rows to balance cache sets usage while LRU is used in columns to select the victim from a row. The hardware complexity for replacement is reduced greatly compared to a traditional CAM-HAC using LRU solely. Experimental results show that the T-Cache achieves a 16% miss rate reduction over a traditional 8-way unified L2 cache. This translates into an average IPC improvement of 5% and as high as 18%. The T-Cache exhibits a 4% total memory access-related energy savings due to the reduction to applicationspsila execution time.
The Influence of Two Types of Advanced Organizers on an Instructional Unit About Finite Groups.

In order to teach young children the concept "red," it would not be sufficient to point to a single red object with the instruction, "This is red." In order to abstract redness, several red objects would have to be shown-for example, a red ball, a red hat, a red truck, a red block, and so on. However, children must not only know which objects are red, they must also know which are not red. Consequently, after showing a red ball, it might be helpful to point out some nonred objects like a yellow ball, a blue hat, or a green truck.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two short forms of the social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale.

The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale are widely used measures of social anxiety. Using data from individuals with social anxiety disorder (n = 435) and nonanxious controls (n = 86), we assessed the psychometric properties of two independently developed short forms of these scales. Indices of convergent and discriminant validity, diagnostic specificity, sensitivity to treatment, and readability were examined. Comparisons of the two sets of short forms to each other and the original long forms were conducted. Both sets of scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency in the patient sample, showed expected patterns of correlation with measures of related and unrelated constructs, adequately discriminated individuals with social anxiety disorder from those without, and showed decreases in scores over the course of cognitive-behavioral therapy and/or pharmacotherapy. However, some significant differences in scale performance were noted. Implications for the clinical assessment of so...
Pressure Spikes and Stability Considerations in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Models

Analytical tools useful in mathematical modeling of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication are developed. Stability maps which delimit the applicability of the two parameter EHL model are computed using linearized stability analysis and numerical analytic continuation. An exact solution is derived (jor a region of constant film thickness within the lubricant) which explains the nature of a class of pressure spikes which arise under severe conditions. The relationship between stability and pressure spikes is discussed.
Development of a Hybrid Reality Display for Welders through Applied Cognitive Task Analysis

With the current trend toward semi-autonomous welding systems, the typical duties of a skilled welder are likely to transition from that of manual operator to a more supervisory role. The shifting demands on welders necessitates novel welding displays to support an increased variety of tasks. The current work utilizes applied cognitive task analysis to identify the needs of expert welders, specifically in regards to the identification of important sensory cues useful when monitoring the welding process in real-time. Results are presented in a cognitive demands table in a manner intended to be useful to multidisciplinary teams engaged in the development of future welding platforms.
Lightweight floating-point arithmetic: case study of inverse discrete cosine transform

To enable floating-point (FP) signal processing applications in low-power mobile devices, we propose lightweight floating-point arithmetic. It offers a wider range of precision/power/speed/area trade-offs, but is wrapped in forms that hide the complexity of the underlying implementations from both multimedia software designers and hardware designers. Libraries implemented in C++ and Verilog provide flexible and robust floating-point units with variable bit-width formats, multiple rounding modes and other features. This solution bridges the design gap between software and hardware, and accelerates the design cycle from algorithm to chip by avoiding the translation to fixed-point arithmetic. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme using the inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT), in the context of video coding, as an example. Further, we implement lightweight floating-point IDCT into hardware and demonstrate the power and area reduction.
Tablet PCs and robots: Technology as platform and motivator for explorations in collaboration

It is widely recognized that successful software developers and researchers need to be technically competent as well as effective team collaborators. This paper describes how technology (tablet PCs, and mobile robots) was used to focus and enhance opportunities to build collaboration and team skills. Tablet PCs were used to foster social skills within a software development course. The product produced, at the request of a robotics researcher, was an application to simulate robot navigation. The robot navigation application enables explorations in human robotic interaction. The introduction of these technologies has served as a focus to help teach and motivate collaboration skills.
A Simple method of generating causal broadband RLGC models for CPW transmission lines with surface roughness

This paper proposes a simple method to create a causal transmission line model using both scattering parameter measurements and full wave simulations on co-planar waveguide (CPW) lines with surface roughness.
Oscillation Theorems for Non-liner Delay Differential Equations

First, an oscillation theorem is presented for the n-th order delay differential equation\[ (r(t)x'(t))(n-1)+∑k_{i=1}fi(t)Fi(xτ_i(t), x'τ_i(t), ..., x(n-1)τ_i(t))=b(t), \ \ r(t)>0.\]Then the asymptotic behavior of bounded oscillatory solutions of the above equations is investigated.
Intimate partner violence screening and intervention: Data from eleven Pennsylvania and California community hospital emergency departments****

Abstract Objective: To provide clinical practice recommendations for screening and interventions for intimate partner violence (IPV) in ED settings. Setting: Eleven mid-sized community-level hospital emergency departments (20,000 to 40,000 admissions annually) in Pennsylvania and California. Participants: All women (4641) aged 18 years or older who came to the emergency department during 309 selected shifts. Methods: An anonymous survey inquiring about physical, sexual, and emotional IPV was conducted from 1995 through 1997. In addition, medical records were abstracted for every woman (18 years and older) seen in the 11 participating emergency departments during the study period. Results: The vast majority of both abused and nonabused women supported routine screening for IPV; however, fewer than 25% of women said they were asked about IPV by ED staff. ED screening rates for IPV were higher among women who came to the emergency department because of acute trauma from abuse (39%) than for women who reported that they had been abused within the past year (13%). The prevalence of past year and lifetime IPV was significantly higher when the questionnaire was self-administered than when it was administered by a nurse. More than a third of women who had recently been abused and 76% of women who acknowledged experiencing physical or sexual IPV within the past year reported that they did not come to the emergency department for treatment of an injury. Although the majority of women (76% to 90%) agreed with the concept of health care providers reporting IPV to the police, women abused recently were significantly less likely to support this practice. Conclusion: The study provides evidence supporting standard protocols for routine screening for IPV among women who come to emergency departments and chart prompts for both screening and interventions. These actions are acceptable to the majority of both abused and nonabused women seen in the emergency department and should be considered in systematic repeated training of health care professionals in emergency departments. This information is important for health care providers who are seeking to improve their identification of and care for abused women.
Highly Stretchable Nanoparticle Helices Through Geometric Asymmetry and Surface Forces

Geometric asymmetry and surface forces are used directly the shape transformation of two-dimensional nanoparticle (NP)-based ribbons into three-dimensional helices. The balance between elasticity and surface tension dictates the helical radius dimension. NP helical ribbons have exceptional mechanical properties, displaying high stretchability, helical shape recovery after extension, and low-strain stiffness values similar to biological helices.
Tectonic and lithologic controls on bedrock channel profiles and processes in coastal California

[1] Recent theoretical models suggest that topographic characteristics of bedrock channels are products of interactions among tectonics, substrate resistance, and the climatically modulated erosive ability of the river. The degree to which these factors influence the form of channel profiles is poorly quantified at present. Here we investigate bedrock channels developed across the southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains, California. Uniform climate and systematic variations in lithology and rock uplift rate along the range allow comparison of channel morphology between (1) channels eroding rocks of uniform and nonuniform strength and (2) channels experiencing differences in tectonic forcing. We combine field observations, surveys, and analysis of digital data to determine topographic and hydraulic characteristics of bedrock channels. At a constant rock uplift rate, streams flowing from resistant to less resistant bedrock exhibit highly concave profiles and increased gradients along lower reaches relative to channels developed in uniform bedrock. These effects are interpreted as responses to (1) an increase in substrate resistance to channel incision in the upper reaches and (2) transport-limited gradients along lower reaches. Comparisons of channels developed across uniform lithology but experiencing an approximately sevenfold difference in rock uplift rate reveal an approximately twofold increase in gradient and an approximately threefold decrease in width. In this landscape the combined channel adjustments of gradient and width are consistent with a fluvial incision model in which channel incision rate is linearly proportional to mean bed shear stress.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6 Stimulates Abf1 DNA Binding Activity

In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an ARS binding factor 1 (Abf1) binds to the sequence-specific DNA element involved in DNA replication and transcription. We describe in this study how yeast Cdc6 protein stimulates Abf1 protein DNA binding activities. The Abf1 binding activity was reduced approximately 20-fold in a cdc6-1 mutant than in the wild-type strain. Introducing a copy of the wild-type CDC6 gene into the cdc6-1 mutant strain restored the Abf1 DNA binding activity. We demonstrated that recombinant Abf1 binds to ARS1 in vitro, and its DNA binding activity can be highly stimulated by the addition of a fusion glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Cdc6 protein. Deletion analysis revealed that the stimulating region is located at the amino terminus of the Cdc6 protein. However, we could not find the direct physical interaction between Cdc6 and Abf1. Instead, we found that the GST-Cdc6 can compete with distamycin A for binding to the DNA molecule. As distamycin A is a specific reagent that binds noncovalently to DNA at (A + T)-rich tracks, the stimulation of Abf1 DNA binding activity may be mediated by the Cdc6/DNA interaction. Our results favor a hypothesis that Cdc6 may function as an architectural factor in the assembly of a functional initiation replication complex.
Suppression of rotifer populations by Daphnia: A review of the evidence, the mechanisms, and the effects on zooplankton community structure1

There is strong evidence that rotifers cannot become abundant members of freshwater zooplankton communities in the presence of large (z 1.2 mm) Daphnia. Indirect evidence comes from field observations and experiments showing that rotifers are replaced by Daphnia in seasonal successions, that rotifers are much Jess common in communities with than without Daphnia, and that the experimental addition of zooplanktivorous fish causes the removal of Daphnia and a simultaneous increase in rotifer abundance, while the experimental removal of fish has just the opposite effect. Direct evidence comes from field experiments showing that the removal of Daphnia from communities causes a marked increase in the fertility and abundance of rotifers, and from laboratory experiments showing that Daphnia can kill and rapidly exclude rotifers in mixed-species cultures. Rotifers are suppressed by large Daplznia both through exploitative competition for shared, Iimiting food resources and through mechanical interference. This interference can cause high mortality rates on susceptible rotifer species, even at low (1-5 ind. liter–]) Daphtzia densities and should affect the species structure of rotifers able to coexist with Daphnia in natural communities. Rotifers seem to be much less inhibited by small (S 1.2 mm) cladocerans and often co-occur with them at high densities in natural communities in the absence of large Daphnia. There are several reasons why small c[adocerans are less likely than large Daphnia to competitively suppress rotifers: small cladocerans generally do not mechanically interfere with rotifers, are less likely to deplete food resources, are themselves more likely to be suppressed by exploitative competition with rotifers, and usually are more susceptible to invertebrate predation. High rotifer abundance in the absence of Daphnia competition may have an important secondary effect in natural communities —the development of populations of invertebrate predators dependent on rotifer prey.
Statistical Design for Adaptive Weather Observations

Abstract Suppose that one has the freedom to adapt the observational network by choosing the times and locations of observations. Which choices would yield the best analysis of the atmospheric state or the best subsequent forecast? Here, this problem of “adaptive observations” is formulated as a problem in statistical design. The statistical framework provides a rigorous mathematical statement of the adaptive observations problem and indicates where the uncertainty of the current analysis, the dynamics of error evolution, the form and errors of observations, and data assimilation each enter the calculation. The statistical formulation of the problem also makes clear the importance of the optimality criteria (for instance, one might choose to minimize the total error variance in a given forecast) and identifies approximations that make calculation of optimal solutions feasible in principle. Optimal solutions are discussed and interpreted for a variety of cases. Selected approaches to the adaptive observati...
A thallium scan goes to court.

The patient was a 41-yr-old male admitted to the coronary care unit (March 1986) with a complaint of sharp substernal chest pain lasting 3-4 hr. The patient had experienced multiple episodes of chest pressure over the previous 2 wk and there was radiation of the pain into both arms. The pain occurred both at rest and with activity and frequently lasted more than an hour. Diaphoresis and dyspnea were also occasionally associated with this chest pain but there were no complaints of nausea or vomiting. The patient also recently complained of indigestion and heart burn which was not associated with chest pain. There was a history of hypertension, cigarette smoking (30 pack years) and a positive family history of coronary disease. He received three sublingual nitroglycerin tablets in the emergency room and some nitropaste. The 12-lead electrocardiogram showed regular sinus rhythm with nonspecific ST-T wave changes and a Q-wave in lead III. On physical exam in the coronary care unit, he was afebrile with a blood pressure of 178/90 and a regular heart rate of 92 bpm. The eye exam was normal except for some arterial narrowing and the remaining head, ears, nose and throat exam was unremarkable. The lungs were clear and the cardiac exam showed only a fourth heart sound abnormality. There was no jugular venous distension and the carotid arteries were normal and without bruits. The abdomen was soft, nontender and without organomegaly. The extremities showed normal and equal peripheral pulses and bilateral femoral bruits were appreciated by some observers. The neurologic exam was normal. After admission, the patient remained asymptomatic on nitrates, his ECG remained unchanged and serial serum enzymes determinations revealed no increase in serum CK levels and 0% MB fraction. At about 36 hr after admission, the patient was brought to the Nuclear Medicine Clinic