cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topology maps and distance-free localization from partial virtual coordinates for IoT networks

While physical coordinates are useful for IoT and sensor network operations, physical localization is not a viable option for large-scale networks of simple devices in complex or harsh environments. Topology Preserving Maps (TPM) extracted from anchor-based Virtual Coordinates (VCs) are an attractive localization free alternative for physical maps. We present an approach, based on the theory of low-rank matrix completion, to extract TPMs with only partial information about VCs. Evaluation using 2D and 3D networks with random anchors shows that accurate TPMs can be obtained even when up to 40% to 60% of random coordinates are missing. Coordinate generation and communication cost thus may be reduced significantly. TPM generation can now also be based on a different VC system as long as it characterizes each node with distances to a small set of random nodes instead of a global set of anchors.
Association Between Off-site Central Monitoring Using Standardized Cardiac Telemetry and Clinical Outcomes Among Non–Critically Ill Patients

Importance Telemetry alarms involving traditional on-site monitoring rarely alter management and often miss serious events, sometimes resulting in death. Poor patient selection contributes to a high alarm volume with low clinical yield. Objective To evaluate outcomes associated with an off-site central monitoring unit (CMU) applying standardized cardiac telemetry indications using electronic order entry. Design, Setting, and Participants All non–intensive care unit (ICU) patients at Cleveland Clinic and 3 regional hospitals over 13 months between March 4, 2014, and April 4, 2015. Exposures An off-site CMU applied standardized cardiac telemetry when ordered for standard indications, such as for known or suspected tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias. Main Outcomes and Measures CMU detection and notification of rhythm/rate alarms occurring 1 hour or less prior to emergency response team (ERT) activation, direct CMU-to-ERT notification outcomes, total telemetry census, and cardiopulmonary arrests in comparison with the previous 13 months. Results The CMU received electronic telemetry orders for 99 048 patients (main campus, 72 199 [73%]) and provided 410 534 notifications (48% arrhythmia/hemodynamic) among 61 nursing units. ERT activation occurred among 3243 patients, including 979 patients (30%) with rhythm/rate changes occurring 1 hour or less prior to the ERT activation. The CMU detected and provided accurate notification for 772 (79%) of those events. In addition, the CMU provided discretionary direct ERT notification for 105 patients (ventricular tachycardia, n = 44; pause/asystole, n = 36; polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, n = 14; other, n = 11), including advance warning of 27 cardiopulmonary arrest events (26%) for which return of circulation was achieved in 25 patients (93%). Telemetry standardization was associated with a mean 15.5% weekly census reduction in the number of non-ICU monitored patients per week when compared with the prior 13-month period (580 vs 670 patients; mean difference, −90 patients [95% CI, −82 to −99]; P Conclusions and Relevance Among non–critically ill patients, use of standardized cardiac telemetry with an off-site central monitoring unit was associated with detection and notification of cardiac rhythm and rate changes within 1 hour prior to the majority of ERT activations, and also with a reduction in the census of monitored patients, without an increase in cardiopulmonary arrest events.
Tips for Effective Literature Searching

Literature searching presents challenges for the searcher. It can be difficult to know how to start, which search terms to use, which databases to select, and whether to be comprehensive or very selective. In this chapter, we will explore ways to optimize results for your research purposes. We compare controlled vocabulary in PubMed and Embase and review how to combine controlled vocabulary terms with keywords. We will discuss Boolean operators and how to increase or decrease recall and precision, how to build and combine concepts formulated from a PICO question (PICO = Population or Problem, Intervention, Comparison/Control, Outcomes), and how to exclude unwanted results. We will also see how field tags/field descriptors can change the search and how they aid in finding citations and publications from specific journals or specific authors. We note how to search the reference list or index terms of very relevant articles. We will review how using Advanced Search functions and filters within each database will allow the searcher to limit by date, by language, by publication type, and more. Finally, we will discuss how to save and export relevant results to a bibliographic manager for future use and collaboration with others.
IL-1 Signaling Is Critically Required in Stromal Cells in Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis Mouse Model Role of Both IL-1α and IL-1β

Objective—Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acute vasculitis and acquired cardiac disease among US children. We have previously shown that both TLR2/MyD88 and interleukin (IL)-1β signaling are required for the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract–induced KD vasculitis mouse model. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cellular origins of IL-1 production, the role of CD11c+ dendritic cells and macrophages, and the relative contribution of hematopoietic and stromal cells for IL-1 responsive cells, as well the MyD88 signaling, in Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract–induced KD mouse model of vasculitis. Approach and Results—Using mouse knockout models and antibody depletion, we found that both IL-1α and IL-1β were required for Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract–induced KD. Both dendritic cells and macrophages were necessary, and we found that MyD88 signaling was required in both hematopoietic and stromal cells. However, IL-1 response and signaling were critically required ...
“Verloc”: The Origins of the Text

The Secret Agent was originally conceived as a short story, and the Collected Letters allows us to chart the emergence of the novel from the short piece originally called “Verloc,” and designed for A Set of Six, alongside “An Anarchist,” and “The Informer.” The development of the holograph manuscript (first draft) of the novel, which was published in serial form in the USA in Ridgway’s Militant Weekly, dramatically unfolds as Conrad struggles to complete the text, after serialization has already begun. Conrad’s narrative structure is discussed in the context of the novel emerging from the short story.
A camel-derived MERS-CoV with a variant spike protein cleavage site and distinct fusion activation properties

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to circulate in both humans and camels, and the origin and evolution of the virus remain unclear. Here we characterize the spike protein of a camel-derived MERS-CoV (NRCE-HKU205) identified in 2013, early in the MERS outbreak. NRCE-HKU205 spike protein has a variant cleavage motif with regard to the S2' fusion activation site-notably, a novel substitution of isoleucine for the otherwise invariant serine at the critical P1' cleavage site position. The substitutions resulted in a loss of furin-mediated cleavage, as shown by fluorogenic peptide cleavage and western blot assays. Cell-cell fusion and pseudotyped virus infectivity assays demonstrated that the S2' substitutions decreased spike-mediated fusion and viral entry. However, cathepsin and trypsin-like protease activation were retained, albeit with much reduced efficiency compared with the prototypical EMC/2012 human strain. We show that NRCE-HKU205 has more limited fusion activation properties possibly resulting in more restricted viral tropism and may represent an intermediate in the complex pattern of MERS-CoV ecology and evolution.
Toward Automated Online Photo Privacy

Online photo sharing is an increasingly popular activity for Internet users. More and more users are now constantly sharing their images in various social media, from social networking sites to online communities, blogs, and content sharing sites. In this article, we present an extensive study exploring privacy and sharing needs of users’ uploaded images. We develop learning models to estimate adequate privacy settings for newly uploaded images, based on carefully selected image-specific features. Our study investigates both visual and textual features of images for privacy classification. We consider both basic image-specific features, commonly used for image processing, as well as more sophisticated and abstract visual features. Additionally, we include a visual representation of the sentiment evoked by images. To our knowledge, sentiment has never been used in the context of image classification for privacy purposes. We identify the smallest set of features, that by themselves or combined together with others, can perform well in properly predicting the degree of sensitivity of users’ images. We consider both the case of binary privacy settings (i.e., public, private), as well as the case of more complex privacy options, characterized by multiple sharing options. Our results show that with few carefully selected features, one may achieve high accuracy, especially when high-quality tags are available.
Inertial Forces from Earthquakes on a Hyperloop Pod

High‐speed transit (1300 km/hr) using pods traveling in evacuated tubes has been proposed. This Short Note addresses how earthquake ground shaking is changed when it is experienced by a high‐speed pod that is confined to a track. In particular, earthquake motions can cause lateral deformations of the tube that cause centripetal forces in the pod. I discuss the nature of these forces for the cases of (1) a tube that crosses a fault offset, (2) a tube that is deformed by traveling waves in the Earth, and (3) a tube that resonates between fixed points (e.g., a simple bridge). I suggest several schemes to control the peak centripetal accelerations of the pod.
Bilingualism, a human right in times of anxiety: Lessons from California

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the individual's right of expression without interference, "through any media and regardless of frontiers". Currently, in some nations across the world, there is decreasing interest in cross-cultural interactions and a new interest in nationalism and assimilation, in communication within frontiers and in a specific medium: the national language. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) advocate for individuals with communication disorders that interfere with their comprehension and expression. The profession promotes communication as a human right. Unfortunately, many clients and their families continue to report instances in which we, SLPs, limit their human right of expression by ignoring their home languages and recommending the exclusive use of the national language. Real progress requires reflection and action on language policy. In 1998, Californians passed Proposition 227, which eliminated bilingual public education. Then, in 2016, California voters approved Proposition 58 allowing the creation of multilingual and biliteracy programs. A discussion about the presentation of these two propositions to the public may hopefully help bilingual SLPs and advocates protect our multilingual clients' human right of expression in these times of anxiety.
Origin of Second-Harmonic Signals in Octave Bandwidth Traveling-Wave Tubes

In a helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) with a bandwidth exceeding one octave, the second harmonic of an input signal near the low end of the band will experience exponential growth. In such a case, we have found that the nonlinear electron orbits in the beam, as opposed to the orbital bunching exhibited in the linear electron orbits, are the main source for second-harmonic generation. This unexpected result is due to the synchronous amplification of the second harmonic. We demonstrate this phenomenon from the solution of the nonlinear equations that we have formulated that govern evolution of the second-harmonic field; these equations may include axial variations of the Pierce parameters. In several test cases, we compare the theory with simulation using the CHRISTINE large signal TWT code. Good agreement between theory and simulation is found.
Ideological Congruity on State Supreme Courts

ABSTRACTThe methods of selection used to populate state supreme courts have led observers to question the effectiveness of these institutions to produce representative agents. We wish to know to wh...
Is BMI associated with post‐operative complication risk among patients undergoing major abdominal surgery for cancer? A systematic review

We systematically reviewed 118 studies comparing peri-operative outcomes among obese and non-obese patients. Obesity was associated with longer operative time in 60% of available studies. Just 35.8% of studies that evaluated overall morbidity identified high morbidity in obese patients. Lymph node yield or surgical margin status, was only affected by obesity in 19.6% of studies. In this review obesity was frequently found to have no effect on peri-operative and oncologic outcomes.
Utilization and Cost Analysis of Lung Transplantation and Survival After 10 Years of Adapting the Lung Allocation Score.

Background.Lungs are allocated in the United States using the lung allocation score (LAS). We investigated the effect of LAS trends on lung transplant-related costs, healthcare utilization, and mortality.Methods.Utilization data from Mayo Clinic (Florida and Minnesota) from 2005 to 2015 were obtaine
Ascorbic Acid and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease of large and medium-sized arteries characterized by loss of elasticity of arterial walls with stenosis (narrowing) of the arterial lumen. The stenosis is due to local thickening of the tunica intima, the innermost layer of the arterial wall. The principal manifestations of atherosclerosis are myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Thus, atherosclerotic vascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western civilizations (Gotto and Farmer, 1988).
Developing mechanisms for supporting faculty use of classroom technology

This workshop focuses on the ways faculty use classroom technology in teaching every day. We examine the entire spectrum of activities, from preparation for class through post-class processing activities such as posting lecture notes or captured class sessions to the Web. Most smaller schools lack budget and personnel to support these activities as comprehensively as large universities do. The purpose of this workshop is to examine creative solutions for providing support for faculty in their classroom-related activities. We have identified a number of approaches, and will engage workshop participants in a brainstorming session to share their ideas and experiences.
Changes in Conformation and Stability upon SCF/sKit Complex Formation

Stem cell factor (SCF) is thought to be a member of the four-helical bundle cytokine superfamily, and exists in solution as a noncovalent homodimer. It is the ligand for Kit, a tyrosine kinase type III receptor. The interaction of SCF and Kit affects early hematopoietic progenitors, as well as gametocytes, melanocytes, and mast cells. Upon binding of SCF the Kit undergoes dimerization and transphosphorylation. Circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for conformational analyses of free SCF, soluble Kit (sKit), and the complex. The sKit consisted of the extracellular domain of Kit, contained five Ig-like domains, and was prepared from the conditioned media of transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. With these techniques, a reproducible conformational change was seen upon ligand/receptor binding. The far-UV CD and FTIR spectroscopy indicated a slight increase in the alpha-helical content. The near-UV CD and fluorescence spectra showed changes in the environments of the aromatic amino acids. The thermal denaturation of SCF was not affected by complex formation, while the melting temperature of sKit increased only a few degrees when binding SCF. This indicates that binding is temperature dependent, consistent with titration calorimetry results published previously which demonstrated that there is a large enthalpy of binding. The conformational changes which accompany SCF/sKit binding could play a role in the receptor dimerization and signal transduction which follow.
Restoration of skeletal muscle homeostasis by hydrogen sulfide during hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated oxidative/ER stress condition 1.

Elevated homocysteine (Hcy), i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), causes skeletal muscle myopathy. Among many cellular and metabolic alterations caused by HHcy, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (E...
Small for Gestational Age Versus Fetal Growth Restriction

This chapter presents an evolutionary perspective on the response of the fetus to malnutrition and the historical development of the concept of small for gestational age, a size category, in both neonates and fetuses. Fetal growth restriction, the result of growth pathology, is defined as the failure to achieve growth potential. Obtaining estimates of growth potential is described as a method for evaluating fetal growth based on direct estimates of growth potential, individualized growth assessment (IGA). A discussion of growth restriction definitions and the quantification of growth pathology based on IGA is presented. Methods for evaluating growth restriction in the second trimester and third trimester and at birth are described. The use of individual anatomical parameters and sets of these parameters in growth evaluations is presented. IGA to improve (1) the accuracy of growth status classification, (2) the early detection of growth restriction, and (3) detection of the transition from adaption to growth pathology are discussed.
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in prairie wetlands

v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Plant-Fungus Symbiosis 1 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fiingi 1 Host plant and mycorrhizal fungi interaction 2 Environmental factors 5 General ecology of prairie wetlands 10 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fiingi in wetlands 11 Mycorrhizal continuum model 12 Research Questions 15 Dissertation Organization 16 References 17 CHAPTER 2. VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLAND VEGETATION IN IOWA AND NORTH DAKOTA 24 Abstract 24 Introduction 25 Materials and Methods 27 VAM colonization determination 28 Fungus indentification 29 Soil measurements 29 Statistical analysis 31 Results 32 Discussion 39 Acknowledgments 43 References 43 CHAPTER 3. THE EFFECTS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL AND NONMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON WETLAND PLANTS DURING DIFFERENT REDOX POTENTIALS AND HYDROPERIODS 47 Abstract 47 Introduction 48 Methods 51 Experimental design 51 Measurement of redox potential 53 Data collection 54 Results 55 Discussion 63 Acknowledgments 68 References 68
Retrieving Speech Samples with Similar Emotional Content Using a Triplet Loss Function

The ability to identify speech with similar emotional content is valuable to many applications, including speech retrieval, surveillance, and emotional speech synthesis. While current formulations in speech emotion recognition based on classification or regression are not appropriate for this task, solutions based on preference learning offer appealing approaches for this task. This paper aims to find speech samples that are emotionally similar to an anchor speech sample provided as a query. This novel formulation opens interesting research questions. How well can a machine complete this task? How does the accuracy of automatic algorithms compare to the performance of a human performing this task? This study addresses these questions by training a deep learning model using a triplet loss function, mapping the acoustic features into an embedding that is discriminative for this task. The network receives an anchor speech sample and two competing speech samples, and the task is to determine which of the candidate speech sample conveys the closest emotional content to the emotion conveyed by the anchor. By comparing the results from our model with human perceptual evaluations, this study demonstrates that the proposed approach has performance very close to human performance in retrieving samples with similar emotional content.
Probing Galaxy assembly bias in BOSS galaxies using void probabilities

We measure the void probability function (VPF) of galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The VPF provides complementary information to standard two-point statistics in that it is sensitive to galaxy bias in the most extreme underdensities in the cosmic web. Thus the VPF is ideal for testing whether halo occupation of galaxies depends on large-scale density, an effect known as galaxy assembly bias. We find that standard HOD model---one parameterized by halo mass only---fit only to the two-point function, accurately predicts the VPF. Additionally, for HOD models where density dependence is explicitly incorporated, the best-fit models fit to the combination of the correlation function and the VPF have zero density dependence. Thus galaxy assembly bias is not a strong source of systematic uncertaintiy when modeling the clustering of massive galaxies.
Surface++: A Scalable and Self-sustainable Wireless Sound Sensing Surface (poster)

We present Surface++, which leverages our previous work SATURN, a self-powered flexible acoustic sensor, and ZEUSSS, a passive wireless sound communication technique using analog backscatter, to create a scalable and self-sustainable wireless sound sensing surface. Our new prototype allows for large area acoustic sensing using modular fabrication techniques with the promise of being fully printable. A single small Surface++ patch can be used to extend voice and gesture input for everyday surfaces, while our more sensitive Surface++ modular array allows for large-area context sensing and localization.
Insights in Public Health: Making Health Hawai'i's Shared Value.

The mission of the Hawai‘i State Department of Health (DOH) is to protect and improve the health and environment for all people in Hawai‘i. To accomplish this mission, the DOH is involved in activities as wide ranging and diverse as disease outbreak control, chronic disease prevention and management, and environmental protection among many others. In late 2015, the DOH began a strategic planning process to address the current health needs of Hawai‘i residents in the context of today's public health and health care landscapes. Programs throughout the department were engaged to establish priorities and objectives informed by a unifying conceptual framework. The theme of the Strategic Plan is “Make Health Hawai‘i's Shared Value.” Underlying this theme are two concepts that are central to the DOH's approach to public health: the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the life course health development (LCHD) framework. The SDOH are the fundamental social and economic drivers of the conditions in which we live, such as our educational attainment, income level, race and ethnicity, and neighborhood and environmental safety.1,2 A large and still growing body of research shows that while access to affordable and effective medical care is critically important, it is responsible for only 10%–20% of our health outcomes. The SDOH, however, account for 20%–45% of differences in health outcomes.3 Related to the SDOH is the LCHD framework, which shows that individual health trajectories are determined by a multitude of determinants that interact and constantly change across the life span.4 In this framework, early life stages are the most crucial periods to encourage healthy growth and development, but each stage of life has its own unique challenges and opportunities to promote health. Prioritizing investments in the systems that create healthy environments where people of all ages live, learn, work, and play can lead to better health and quality of life for everyone who calls Hawai‘i home. The framework for the plan organizes objectives around three broad strategies for making health Hawai‘i's shared value: Invest in Healthy Babies and Families (Table 1); Take Health to Where People Live, Work, Learn, and Play (Table 2); and Create a Culture of Health Throughout Hawai‘i (Table 3). This article will introduce a top priority for each of these strategies — reducing substance use and exposure for pregnant mothers, fostering the uptake of telehealth technologies in the state, and investing in better mental health — to explain the DOH vision in each area. Table 1 Invest in Healthy Babies and Families
Spatio-Temporal Multi-Task Learning via Tensor Decomposition

Predictive modeling of large-scale spatio-temporal data is an important but challenging problem as it requires training models that can simultaneously predict the target variables of interest at multiple locations while preserving the spatial and temporal dependencies of the data. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of applying a multi-task learning approach based on supervised tensor decomposition to the spatio-temporal prediction problem. Our proposed framework, known as SMART, encodes the data as a third-order tensor and extracts a set of interpretable, spatial and temporal latent factors from the data. An ensemble of spatial and temporal prediction models are trained using the latent factors as their predictor variables. Outputs from the ensemble model are aggregated to make predictions on test instances. The framework also allows known patterns from the domain to be incorporated as constraints to guide the tensor decomposition and ensemble learning processes. As the data may grow over space and time, an incremental learning version of the framework is given to efficiently update the models. We perform extensive experiments using a global-scale climate dataset to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the models as well as interpretability of the latent factors.
Romantic Involvement and Mental Health in Sexual and Gender Minority Emerging Adults Assigned Female at Birth.

We examined whether romantic relationship involvement, a well-established protective factor against mental health problems among heterosexual adults, is also protective for sexual and gender minori...
Effect of mechanical fastener induced pre-stress on power efficiency of soft PZT energy harvesters

Experiments to determine the effects of mechanical fastener induced pre-stress on a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) were conducted. Using a mechanical pre-stress fixture and an electro-dynamic...
Diversidade, tokenismo, músicas não-canônicas e crise das Humanidades na academia dos EUA

Tomando como ponto de partida a questao de saber se a musica ibero-americana deve ter uma presenca mais proeminente nas sequencias da historia da musica atualmente ensinadas nas instituicoes de ensino superior norte-americanas, este ensaio explora questoes sobre diversidade e tokenismo na reproducao de modelos tradicionais de producao de conhecimento. Essas questoes sao analisadas em relacao ao ataque contemporâneo as humanidades na academia dos EUA para propor abordagens alternativas a educacao musical e a erudicao que funcionam como modelos criticos para a perspectiva colonialista que tem informado a academia musical por geracoes e para o projeto neoliberal que vem lentamente tomando conta da academia nos ultimos vinte anos.
Defining maternal obesity in studies of birth outcomes: Comparing ICD-9 codes at delivery and measures on the birth certificate.

Background Using ICD-9 codes underestimates the prevalence of obesity in adults; however, the validity of these codes in studies of pregnancy-related outcomes is not known. Objectives To compare classification of maternal obesity based on ICD-9 codes in hospital discharge records versus data from birth certificates in the same women, examine predictors of agreement, and assess how associations between obesity and two birth outcomes differ by source of weight data. Methods This population-based study included 2 329 145 California births between 2007 and 2012. We compared data on obesity from childbirth hospital discharge records (ICD-9 codes for obesity) and birth certificates (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) calculated from weight and height) and identified predictors of agreement between the two sources. Logistic regression models assessed whether the two definitions of obesity resulted in different estimates of the associations of obesity with caesarean birth and large-for-gestational age. Results Overall, 464 754 women (20.0%) had obesity based on their pre-pregnancy BMI while only 100 002 (4.3%) had an obesity-related ICD-9 code. The sensitivity of ICD-9-based obesity was low at 16.2%; however, obesity codes were highly specific at 98.7%, with a negative predictive value of 82.5% and a positive predictive value of 75.2%. Among women with obesity identified by the birth certificate, those with pre-pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications (eg diabetes and hypertension) were more likely to have an obesity-related diagnosis in their delivery hospital discharge record. Using ICD-9 codes overestimated the association of obesity with caesarean birth and newborn large-for-gestational age. Conclusions ICD-9 codes in childbirth discharge records captured only one in five women with pre-pregnancy obesity. Sensitivity varied by maternal characteristics and conditions. This misclassification resulted in bias when examining the association of obesity and pregnancy-related outcomes.
Schur numbers involving rainbow colorings

In this paper, we introduce two different generalizations of Schur numbers that involve rainbow colorings. Motivated by well-known generalizations of Ramsey numbers, we first define the rainbow Schur number RS ( n ) to be the minimum number of colors needed such that every coloring of {1, 2, …, n } , in which all available colors are used, contains a rainbow solution to a + b = c . It is shown that RS ( n ) = ⌊log 2 ( n )⌋ + 2, for all n ≥ 3. Second, we consider the Gallai-Schur number GS ( n ) , defined to be the least natural number such that every n -coloring of {1, 2, …, GS ( n )} that lacks rainbow solutions to the equation a + b = c necessarily contains a monochromatic solution to this equation. By connecting this number with the n -color Gallai-Ramsey number for triangles, it is shown that for all n ≥ 3 , GS ( n ) = 5 k if n = 2 k ; GS ( n ) = 2 · 5 k if n = 2 k + 1.
Association of depressive symptom severity with coronary artery calcium: The Dallas heart study

Abstract Background: Previous studies have yielded mixed results regarding the relationship between depressive symptoms and coronary artery calcium (CAC). This analysis sought to evaluate this relationship using a multiethnic, population-based cohort. Methods: Data were extracted from the second phase of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS-2). Depressive symptom severity was measured with the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS), a validated depressive symptom severity scale. A regression analysis was performed using QIDS score as the predictor variable and CAC as the outcome variable. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and body mass index. Results: The cohort consisted of 2,293 individuals with a mean age of 50 years and included 47.1% female and 47.1% black participants. The mean QIDS score was 4.37(±3.69), and 43.3% had CAC > 0. Regression results indicated that QIDS does not statistically significantly predict whether one does or does not have CAC, when controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity (β = 0.088, p = .240, OR = 1.092, 95% CI 0.943–1.264). Limitations: Cross sectional design is limited to one point in time, very depressed patients with higher CAC burden may not have participated, and depressive symptoms may be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis differently with a formal diagnosis of depression. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were not associated with presence or severity of CAC in a multiethnic population based sample. Future studies are needed to determine if other prognostic markers of coronary heart disease are associated with depressive symptoms.
Structural cavities are critical to balancing stability and activity of a membrane-integral enzyme

Packing interaction is a critical driving force in the folding of helical membrane proteins. Despite the importance, packing defects (i.e., cavities including voids, pockets, and pores) are prevalent in membrane-integral enzymes, channels, transporters, and receptors, playing essential roles in function. Then, a question arises regarding how the two competing requirements, packing for stability vs. cavities for function, are reconciled in membrane protein structures. Here, using the intramembrane protease GlpG of Escherichiacoli as a model and cavity-filling mutation as a probe, we tested the impacts of native cavities on the thermodynamic stability and function of a membrane protein. We find several stabilizing mutations which induce substantial activity reduction without distorting the active site. Notably, these mutations are all mapped onto the regions of conformational flexibility and functional importance, indicating that the cavities facilitate functional movement of GlpG while compromising the stability. Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation suggest that the stabilization is induced by the coupling between enhanced protein packing and weakly unfavorable lipid desolvation, or solely by favorable lipid solvation on the cavities. Our result suggests that, stabilized by the relatively weak interactions with lipids, cavities are accommodated in membrane proteins without severe energetic cost, which, in turn, serve as a platform to fine-tune the balance between stability and flexibility for optimal activity.
The refugee aesthetic: reimagining Southeast Asian America: by Timothy K. August, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2020, 182 pp., $27.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1439915318

From the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 through 1995, more than one million refugees from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos were resettled in the United States. The arrival and experiences of Southeast A...
The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on oncologic outcomes of patients with locally advanced bladder adenocarcinoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

495Background: The relatively poor prognosis associated with locally advanced bladder adenocarcinoma necessitates investigation of the utility of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and risk stratification ...
The Consumer Welfare Debate Comes to the FTC Hearings: Who’s On the Right Side of History?

One of the greatest virtues of a consumer welfare standard is the ability to distinguish harm to competition from harm to competitors using an objective and empirical framework rooted in economics. This is in contrast with standards that embody normative judgments about how many firms should exist in an industry to realize goals of furthering democracy or fairness. Unsurprisingly, the FTC’s much anticipated hearing on the consumer welfare standard, which took place on November 1st at Georgetown University Law Center, put on display a fundamental and ongoing debate among commentators about the merits of welfarist antitrust policy. Unlike disagreements concerning the application of a consumer welfare standard to evaluate a particular category of business conduct, the FTC’s hearing may come to represent a sea change in the consumer welfare debate from the economic framework of error costs and administrability to a larger normative discourse in which reference to these types of economic decision criteria risks begging the question against non-welfarist standards.
The Impact of International Virtual Exchange on Participation in Education Abroad

International virtual exchange is gaining popularity as an innovative approach to providing international experiences to students, particularly considering the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little re...
A Novel Transformerless Common-Ground AC/DC Switching Converter with Integral Fault Protection utilizing Active Isolation Techniques

This paper presents a novel transformerless common-ground AC/DC switching converter with integral fault protection utilizing Active Isolation (AI) techniques. The power converter employs a standard buck-boost topology but isolates the converter by the addition of lateral active switch devices on the low-side power path. Compared to transformer isolation, this active isolated converter has reduced size and cost with increased efficiency. The paper includes a detailed discussion of circuit operating principles, modeling, fault detection, and experimental results. A 300W, $120 V_{ac}-to-19 V_{dc}$ converter is prototyped and experimental measurements are correlated to calculated results. The proposed fault protection solution is found to properly protect the converter in the event of a switch short failure on and switch device.
Recent Progress in Constraining Climate Sensitivity With Model Ensembles

Recently available model ensembles have created an unprecedented opportunity for exploring and narrowing uncertainty in one of climate’s benchmark indices, equilibrium climate sensitivity. A range of novel approaches for constraining the raw sensitivity estimates from these ensembles with observations has also been proposed, applied, and explored in a diversity of contexts. Through subsequent analysis, an increased understanding of the relative merits and limitations of these methods has been gained and their refinement and optimal implementation continue to be actively studied and debated with the hopes of reducing uncertainty in one of climate science’s most persistent and elusive measures.
The Influence of Teacher Background on the Inclusion of Multicultural Education: A Case Study of Two Contrasts

The paper examines the role of preservice teachers' backgrounds in the inclusion of a multicultural education perspective in the teaching of secondary social studies. A case study approach is used involving two social studies preservice teachers with widely different background experiences and beliefs in relation to cultural diversity. Background experiences are viewed as having explanatory value in the preservice teachers' receptiveness to a multicultural teaching perspective.
Political Philosophy and Business Ethics

Both political philosophy and business ethics can be construed in a variety of ways, which makes their relationship complex. This article reviews the various conceptions and then suggests a fruitful way of construing the relationship. Keywords: political philosophy; casuistry; agency theory; egoism; professionalism
Thermal Profiling of the Sea Surface Skin Layer Using FTIR Measurements

Sea surface spectral emissivity and the depth of the thermal skin boundary layer were determined using high spectral resolution measurements of the sea surface and the atmosphere taken in the field measurements by the Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer. In order to determine the sea surface emissivity, the effective incidence angle was found by minimizing the variance in the brightness temperature spectrum retrieved from the corrected upwelling radiance spectrum. Certain wavelength regions have different absorption characteristics, allowing the temperature at different levels to be retrieved from different spectral regions. In this way, the temperature gradient of the thermal boundary layer was determined. The depth of the skin layer was then calculated by determining the depth at which the thermometrically measured bulk temperature intersects this gradient. At low wind speeds, the skin layer can be up to 0.2mm deep, getting shallower with increased wind speed and becoming very shallow (0.01-0.07mm) above wind speeds of 8ms -1 . These results are encouraging for application of this method to determine air-sea heat and gas fluxes in the field.
The use of transposon TnphoA to detect genes for cell envelope proteins subject to a common regulatory stimulus: Analysis of osmotically regulated genes in Escherichia coli☆

The transposon TnphoA can be used specifically to detect bacterial genes that code for cell envelope proteins. We have used TnphoA to search for genes regulated by osmolarity in Escherichia coli. Among approximately 30,000 random insertions of TnphoA into the chromosome, we have found 700 independent fusions that produce hybrid proteins with alkaline phosphatase activity. Of these, 37 were induced after growth in a medium of high osmolarity and none was repressed. Osmo-inducible fusions of phoA were found to ompC and to a gene that is probably proU. These two genes were already known to be transcriptionally induced by osmolarity. In addition, eight other genes, designated osm, were identified and mapped on the bacterial chromosome. The expression of these genes is induced by solutes that are unable to decrease the turgor pressure applied to the envelope. One of the osm genes, osmI, is also specifically induced by glycerol, which does diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane. The expression and osmoregulation of all the osm genes were shown to occur independently of ompR and envZ, which control the expression and osmoregulation of the ompC and ompF genes in E. coli.
Some Features of Waveguide/Horn Design

In transitioning a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave from source to radiating antenna a conducting waveguide operating in the lowest order H mode is often used. This waveguide can be optimized for its power handling capabilities. As a common rectangular waveguide the H1,0 mode has geometric properties which allow E-plane subdivision into some number of rectangular guides. This in turn allows convenient division or recombination of electromagnetic waves. This concept is extended to pyramidal horns which can launch the waves from one or more waveguides. The E-plane subdivision can be used for designing a metallic grating which allows passage of the wave while mechanically supporting a dielectric sheet separating vacuum from gas regions.
Fracture resistance of lithium disilicate restorations after endodontic access preparation: An in vitro study.

Abstract Statement of problem Endodontic access preparation through a lithium disilicate restoration is a frequently encountered clinical situation. The common practice of repairing the accessed crown with composite resin may result in a weakened restoration. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of endodontic access preparation on the fracture resistance and microstructural integrity of monolithic pressed and monolithic milled lithium disilicate complete coverage restorations. Material and methods Twenty monolithic pressed (IPS e.max Press) and 20 monolithic milled (IPS e.max CAD) lithium disilicate restorations were fabricated. Ten of the pressed and 10 of the milled crowns were accessed for a simulated endodontic treatment and subsequently repaired by using a porcelain repair system and composite resin. All specimens were submitted to cyclic loading and then loaded to failure. Force data were recorded and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc test (Sidak correction) to indicate significant differences among the groups (α=.05). A Weibull analysis was also performed for each group. Eight (4 pressed and 4 milled) additional restorations were fabricated to complete a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and evaluate the surface damage created by the endodontic access preparation. Results A statistically significant difference ( P =.019) was found between the pressed intact and pressed repaired restorations and between the pressed intact and milled repaired restorations ( P =.002). Specimens that were examined with an SEM showed edge chipping involving primarily the glaze layer around the access openings. Conclusions Endodontic access preparation of lithium disilicate restorations resulted in a significantly reduced load to failure in the pressed specimens, but not in the milled specimens.
Understanding Public Awareness of Nonprofit Organizations: Exploring the Awareness–Confidence Relationship

Public confidence has often been viewed as a critical indicator of legitimacy within the nonprofit sector. Indeed, confidence is believed to be among one of the sector's most important commodities. Surveys, however, have shown that the public does not always have much confidence in the performance of nonprofit organizations. Although this lack of confidence is certainly concerning, few studies have assessed whether the public actually has any awareness of what nonprofit organizations are, and no studies have examined the personal characteristics associated with more (or less) nonprofit awareness. Thus, by using individual-level data from a survey of public attitudes toward nonprofits in San Diego County (n = 1002), the purpose of this study was to explore how individual characteristics relate to nonprofit awareness and to examine the extent to which awareness of the sector influences confidence in the performance of nonprofit organizations. The findings from the study indicate that nonprofit awareness varies by several individual-level characteristics—with many of those likely to be the most dependent on nonprofit services being the least aware of the sector. The findings also indicate that awareness of the sector is the most significant predictor of confidence in the performance of nonprofits. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning about other planetary systems from space

We only began to detect other planetary systems with the discovery of debris disks in 1983 with IRAS, followed by the great success of gravitational recoil measurements starting in 1995. We now know of many hundreds of them. Despite the phenomenal growth of this new field of study, our knowledge of each system is meager, strongly conditioned by observational limitations. In addition, our grasp of the ensemble properties is weak because of strong selection effects in the known samples. A series of new capabilities - Herschel, Kepler, WISE, SIM Planetquest, and JWST - will provide a systematic understanding by 2018, marking the 35th anniversary of the first IRAS detections. Specifically, we should have a good census of solar-type stars in habitable zones, a far better understanding of the evolution of terrestrial planets, and direct detections of a number of gas giants as well as new insights to their frequent migration into orbits very close to their stars and the consequences of this process for planetary systems in general.
Fermi Surface of Potassium as Measured by Helicon Doppler-Shifted Cyclotron Resonance

Accurate helicon measurements of the surface-impedance anomaly associated with Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance have been made on single-crystal potassium and sodium. The experiment tests the theory of the surface impedance near cyclotron resonance and also assists in the resolution of the charge-density-wave controversy. The influence of surface scattering and sample purity have been determined and found to be in substantial agreement with the surface-impedance theory. The theoretical and experimental line shapes do not agree precisely. The position of the surface-impedance anomaly can be related to the radius of the Fermi surface. Our measurements show that the experimental position does not agree with the free-electron theory in potassium. The charge-density-wave prediction provides a much better fit. In sodium, the experiment fits the free-electron prediction more closely than the charge-density-wave calculation.
Knot invariants as nondegenerate quantum geometries.

The loop-space representation based on Ashtekar's new variables has allowed for the first time the construction of quantum states of the gravitational field. However, all states known up to the present were associated with spacetime metrics that were everywhere degenerate. In this Letter we present a new exact solution of the constraint equations of quantum gravity that is the first quantum state of the gravitational field known to be associated with a not-everywhere-degenerate metric. The state is associated with the second coefficient of the Alexander-Conway polynomial of knot theory.