cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ultrastructure of a complex basal lamina in the midgut of larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

The midgut basal lamina of third instar Oryctes rhinoceros larvae was observed to consist of three structured layers. Each layer contained two structural elements regularly arranged with respect to one another. Type I elements appeared to be morphological variations of closed cylinders with increasing diameters in each layer. The layer of basal lamina closest the midgut epithelium had the smallest, most regular Type I elements. In that layer furthest from the midgut cells the Type I elements were the largest and irregular in shape. Type II elements were morphologically similar in all layers, appearing as dense rod-like elements with a triangular cross section in the plane of the lamina. These elements were interconnected by fine fibrils to form a basic repeating unit: One Type II element surrounded by three Type I elements. Perfect packing of the basic units within the layers of the basal lamina resulted in a pattern of each element type surrounded by three elements of the opposite type. However, variability in the packing of the basic repeating unit frequently occurred.
Review Of Gradient Index Optics

The current status of gradient index optical systems is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the design of optical systems embodying gradient index elements, fabrication of suitable materials, the measurement of their optical properties, and the fabrication of finished lens components.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ferritin mRNA is found on bound as well as on free polyribosomes in rat heart

Free and endoplasmic reticulum-bound polyribosomes from rat heart were examined for their ferritin mRNA content. A procedure for separation and purification of the two ribosome populations that produced good yields of homogeneous mono- and polyribosomes with no contaminating ultrastructures and gave distinctive sedimentation profiles in 15-50% sucrose gradients was developed. 14C-labeled free and bound polyribosomes added to heart preparations indicated that only 3% of free and 5.5% of bound polyribosomes cross-contaminated the bound and free fractions, respectively. RNA from both polyribosome populations hybridized with [32P]cDNA for rat ferritin. The extent of hybridization with mRNA from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived polyribosomes was much greater than what could be accounted for by cross-contamination with free polyribosomes. This indicates that heart ferritin is synthesized not only on free polyribosomes for internal use in iron storage but also on ER-bound polyribosomes, where it may be destined for secretion into the plasma.
RORSCHACH DEVELOPMENTAL SCORES AND INTELLIGENCE LEVEL.

Abstract Relationships between intelligence level and Rorschach measures of developmental level (genetic scores) were examined in clinically normal adults, hebephrenic and catatonic schizophrenics, paranoid schizophrenics, psychoneurotics, cerebrally damaged, and a mixed group of neuropsychiatric patients. The Ss were white males with an IQ range of 79 to 146, and with a chronological age range of 19 to 70. The unaltered forms of the genetic (developmental) scores were used for correlation with primarily Wechsler IQs. Generally no statistically significant relationships were found between genetic scores and intelligence level.
Energy Spectrum of an Electron in a Periodic Deformable Lattice.

We have studied the conditions under which a carrier in a deformable lattice, characterized by a short-ranged electron-lattice interaction, can be "self-trapped" or remain untrapped. The establishment of both situations is found to be explicitly dependent on the vibrational state of the lattice. The temperature-dependent appearance or disappearance of states from the energy spectrum manifests itself in an abrupt change in the electrical properties of the material.
Characterization of Surface-Associated Protozoan Communities in a Lake Erie Coastal Wetland (Old Woman Creek, Ohio)

Examination of surface-associated protozoa in Great Lakes coastal marshes has been minimal, although they play crucial roles in nutrient and energy transfer in similar systems. Spatio-temporal patterns of artificial substrate-associated protist and bacterial abundances are related to physico-chemical conditions at this “freshwater estuary.” Assemblages were sampled monthly (May-October) at upstream, downstream, and at two mid-estuarine sites. A total of 278 protistan taxa were observed, and greatest richness occurred in late June. Richness at the estuary mouth was consistently higher than upstream, possibly due to the influence of Lake Erie assemblages and variability in hydrology-driven habitat characteristics. PCA yielded two components accounting for 90% of total variance in species by sites data. Species abundances at the two mid-estuarine sites were most highly correlated, and taxa seasonally abundant at any one site tended to be abundant at others. Presence/absence data were used to calculate community similarity indices, and a permutation-computed test statistic compared the mean similarity of triplicate substrates in one month (at a given site) to the between-month similarity. Significant differences (α = 0.05) between some months (site by site) were observed, with a unique assemblage noted in October. Following classification into six functional feeding groups, bactivores (mainly heterotrophic microflagellates) and primary producers (mainly cryptomonads and chlamydomonads) dominated assemblages. Organisms in other functional groups comprised only 10–15% of observed taxa. A preponderance of bactivorous taxa is consistent with observations of a dense and metabolically active bacterial community associated with abundant paniculate organic matter in easily -resuspended surficial sediments.
Satellite remote sensing of freshwater macrophytes and the influence of water clarity

Abstract In regions with thousands of lakes, large scale regional macrophyte surveys are rarely done due to logistical difficulties and high costs. We examined whether remote sensing can be used for regional monitoring of macrophytes in inland lakes using a field study of 13 lakes in Michigan, USA (nine model development lakes and four model testing lakes). Our objectives were: (1) to determine if different levels of macrophyte cover, different growth forms or specific species could be detected using the Landsat-5 TM sensor, and (2) to determine if we could improve predictions of macrophyte abundance and distribution in lakes by including sediment type or measures of water clarity (Secchi disk transparency, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biovolume, or water color) in our models. Using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models, we found statistically significant relationships between most macrophyte measures and Landsat-5 TM values in the nine model development lakes (percent concordant values: 58–97%). Additionally, we found significant correlations between three lake characteristics and the TM values within lake pelagic zones, despite the inability of these variables to improve model predictions. However, model validation using four lakes was generally low, suggesting caution in applying these models to other lakes. Although the initial model development results suggest that remote sensing is a potentially promising tool for regionally assessing macrophytes, more research is necessary to refine the models in order for them to be applied to unsampled lakes.
On Approximate GCDs of Univariate Polynomials

In this paper, we consider computations involving polynomials with inexact coefficients, i.e. with bounded coefficient errors. The presence of input errors changes the nature of questions traditionally asked in computer algebra. For instance, given two polynomials, instead of trying to compute their greatest common divisor, one might now try to compute a pair of polynomials with a non-trivial common divisor close to the input polynomials. We consider the problem of finding approximate common divisors in the context of inexactly specified polynomials. We develop efficient algorithms for the so-called nearest common divisor problem and several of its variants.
Mineralogy of loess and volcanic ash eolian mantles in Pacific Northwest (USA) landscapes

Abstract Eolian mantles consisting of Quaternary loess, Holocene volcanic ash, and mixtures of the two are prominent features of most landscapes in the inland Pacific Northwest region of the USA. Soils of the loess-mantled Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho exhibit regional mineralogical trends related to mean annual precipitation and age. Clay content increases and CaCO3 decreases from areas of lower to higher precipitation. Clay mica is the dominant clay mineral in soils formed in the youngest loess (ca.
Potential driven deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) onto the surface of 3-mercaptopropionic acid monolayers assembled on gold.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements are used to examine the ability of applied potential to drive the ionic self-assembly of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) onto a substrate modified with a monolayer of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). The potential of zero charge (PZC) of the gold electrode modified with a monolayer of 3-MPA was found by differential capacitance measurements to be −0.12 (±0.01) V versus Ag−AgCl. Changing the substrate potential to values positive (−0.01 V vs Ag−AgCl) of the PZC induces interfacial conditions that are favorable for the electrostatic deposition of cationic polymers onto the surface of 3-MPA monolayers. This result is also consistent with experimental observations obtained when the 3-MPA-modified substrate is exposed to 0.10 mol L−1 NaOH solutions. When potentials equal or negative to the PZC are applied to the substrate, no significant accumulation of the PDDA is found by either QCM or EIS measureme...
Effects of opiate antagonists on hormones and behavior of male and female rhesus monkeys.

Opiate antagonists, naloxone (100 µg/kg) and naltrexone (1 mg/kg) were given to singly housed adult male or female rhesus prior to a 20-minute behavioral test with an oppositely sexed stimulus monkey. Four of the intact adult males were socially and sexually experienced. The remaining two intact males and two castrated males had been reared in socially restricted conditions and were psychosexually deficient. Adult females were ovariectomized, and the effects of opiate antagonists were examined with or without concurrent estradiol treatment. Both antagonists inhibited sexual behavior of the socially reared, sexually active, intact males. No stimulatory effects on sexual behavior were observed for sexually deficient males, whether intact or castrated. Females showed little change in sexual behavior following opiate antagonist treatment, regardless of endocrine status. The proportion of approaches of the female to the male was increased when naloxone, but not naltrexone, was given. Specific endocrine effects of the opiate antagonists were only found in intact males. Naltrexone significantly increased LH concentrations in the two males tested, while the increase in LH in the four males receiving naloxone was not significant. In all intact males, increases in LH were accompanied by statistically significant increases in circulating concentrations of testosterone following naloxone and naltrexone. The gonadotropic stimulating effect of the opiate antagonists was specific to LH, and no changes were observed in circulating concentrations of FSH in either sex.
Foci and Bases of Commitment: Are They Distinctions Worth Making?

This study examined the contribution of two concepts to the conventional view of commitment: foci of commitment, the individuals and groups to whom an employee is attached, and bases of commitment, the motives engendering attachment. Commitment to top management, supervisor, and work group were important determinants of job satisfaction, intent-to quit, and prosocial organizational behaviors over and above commitment to an organization. Compliance, identification, and internalization as bases of commitment were unique determinants above and beyond commitment to the foci.
Synergistic Interactions of Alzheimer's Aβ40 and Aβ42 on the Surface of Primary Neurons by Single Molecule Microscopy

Experiments with amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides 40 and 42 have supported the hypothesis that they feature in the synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular interactions between these peptides and the neuronal membrane are still not fully understood. Our single molecule study on model membranes has shown that at physiological concentrations both Aβ40 and Aβ42 form dimers quickly on the membrane while they remain mainly monomers in solution. The membrane bound dimers exist in two states: mobile and immobile. Work using live neuron membrane has shown that either Aβ40 or Aβ42 binds tightly to the membrane in the form of small oligomers that do not grow appreciably during up to 48 hours incubation. In contrast, mixed Aβ40/Aβ42 samples (1:1 ratio) form larger oligomers on the primary neurons after 48m hours incubation. To confirm that these two peptides indeed form mixed oligomers on the neuronal membrane, Hilyte-488 (or 555) labeled Aβ40 as the donor and Hilyte-647 labeled Aβ42 as the acceptor were incubated with the primary neurons and the changes in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) overtime were measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). These in vivo studies will serve to provide molecular mechanisms of Aβ40 or Aβ42 on the neuronal membrane at physiological conditions.
Development of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric methods for the determination of a new oxytocin receptor antagonist (L-368,899) extracted from human plasma and urine: a case of lack of specificity due to the presence of metabolites

The purpose of this work was to develop HPLC-MS-MS methods for the quantification of L-368,899 (1) in human plasma and urine and to evaluate the selectivity of these methods in post-dose samples in the presence of metabolites. Assays were based on double liquid-liquid extraction of the drug and internal standard (I.S., 2) from basified plasma, evaporation of the extracts to dryness, derivatization of the primary amino groups of 1 and 2 with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) to form trifluoroacetylated (TFA) analogs, and HPLC analysis using tandem mass spectrometer equipped with the heated nebulizer interface as a detector. The derivatization with TFAA was required to eliminate the carryover and adsorption problems encountered when underivatized molecules were chromatographed, and allowed quantitation at low concentration (0.5 ng/ml) in plasma and urine. Initially, assays in control human plasma and urine were validated in the concentration range of 0.5-75 ng/ml, using simplified chromatographic conditions with a 2-min run-time and no separation of the drug from I.S.. Quantitation was based on the high selectivity of detection and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using the precursor-->product ion combinations of m/z 651-->152 and m/z 665-->425 for the TFA-derivatized 1 and 2, respectively. However, when selected post-dose urine samples from a clinical study were analyzed using this assay, the area of the I.S. peak was 4 to 7 times larger than the area of I.S. peak in pre-dose urines, indicating the presence of metabolites giving rise to the m/z 665-->425 I.S. peak. A number of metabolites contributing to the I.S. ion pair were separated from 1 and 2 using a longer analytical column, a weaker mobile phase, and by extending the HPLC run-time to 12 min. Under these new conditions, the modified assays both in plasma and urine were validated in the concentration range of 0.5 to 75.0 ng/ml. These assays were selective in the post-dose urine samples in the presence of metabolites.
Hepatic abscesses in the immunocompromised patient: role of CT in detection, diagnosis, management, and follow-up.

Newer cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents and more aggressive oncologic treatment protocols have resulted in an increased incidence of opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised host. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data are often nonspecific and definitive diagnosis may be difficult to establish. The role of CT in the detection, diagnosis, management, and followup of various hepatic opportunistic infections in 9 immunocompromised hosts is presented.
Tissue-engineered arterial grafts: long-term results after implantation in a small animal model

Abstract Background Use of prosthetic vascular grafts in pediatric vascular surgical applications is limited because of risk of infection, poor durability, potential for thromboembolic complications, and lack of growth potential. Construction of an autologous neovessel using tissue engineering technology offers the potential to create an improved vascular conduit for use in pediatric vascular applications. Methods Tissue-engineered vascular grafts were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from poly-l-lactic acid mesh coated with ɛ -caprolactone and l-lactide copolymer. Thirteen scaffolds were seeded with human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and implanted as infrarenal aortic interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice. Grafts were analyzed at time-points ranging from 4 days to 1 year after implantation. Results All grafts remained patent without evidence of thromboembolic complications, graft stenosis, or graft rupture as documented by serial ultrasound and computed tomographic angiogram, and confirmed histologically. All grafts demonstrated extensive remodeling leading to the development of well-circumscribed neovessels with an endothelial inner lining, neomedia containing smooth muscle cells and elastin, and a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Conclusions The development of second-generation tissue-engineered vascular grafts shows marked improvement over previous grafts and confirms feasibility of using tissue engineering technology to create an improved arterial conduit for use in pediatric vascular surgical applications.
The Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) research program

The goal of the Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) program is to develop systems composed of biological, chemical and physical components for purposes of human life support in space. The research activities supported by the program are diverse, but are focused on the growth of higher plants, food and waste processing, and systems control. Current concepts associated with the development and operation of a bioregenerative life support system will be discussed in this paper.
A Minicomputer Facility for Picture Processing and Pattern Recogniton Research

The laboratory facility for pattern processing and advanced automation research at Purdue University has been specially equipped with hardware and software support for research in picture processing and pattern recognition in general. Fast acquisition and processing of speech signals, pictorial data, and three-dimensional scenes are possible, and the interactive capabilities of the system allow for fast software development.
Being a Widow and Other Life Stories: The Interplay between Lives and Words

This article looks at life stories, not just as tales about the past but as creative acts of self-making and culture making. It explores life stories told by older women in West Bengal, India, focusing on one told by a childless widow. Previous scholars have made the important distinction between life as represented (through telling a story) and life as (actually) lived and experienced. This article suggests a somewhat different track: telling a life story—like other forms of talk or communication—is part of life as lived because, of course, it is lived and experienced, at least during the moments of telling.
Children's relationships with alternative caregivers: The special case of maltreated children removed from their homes

Abstract We explored attachment security with alternative caregivers in 16 children removed from their homes due to abuse and/or neglect and placed in a shelter. The children in our sample were as likely to form insecure, particularly avoidant-insecure, attachment relationships with the alternative caregivers as would be expected if the caregivers were their maltreating mothers. The children did differentiate among alternative caregivers, alternative caregiver attachment classifications were not concordant. Children had higher attachment security scores with more sensitive caregivers. Children also were more likely to form secure attachments with the more sensitive and less detached morning caregivers than with the afternoon caregivers. Finally, children with longer placements with the more sensitive morning caregivers had higher security scores.
Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of a Small-Molecule Functional Mimic of Iron Superoxide Dismutase, Iron 2,6-Diacetylpyridinebis(semioxamazide)

Iron 2,6-diacetylpyridinebis(semioxamazide) (Fe(dapsox)) is a heptacoordinate pentagonal bipyramidal, functional mimic of iron-dependent superoxide dismutase that has been well-characterized on the...
Evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons

Avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence and sequence data were analyzed for Steller’s eiders (Polysticta stelleri) to assess the role of this species in transporting virus genes between continents and maintaining a regional viral reservoir with sympatric northern pintails (Anas acuta). AIV prevalence was 0.2% at Izembek Lagoon and 3.9% at Nelson Lagoon for Steller’s eiders and 11.2% for northern pintails at Izembek Lagoon. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 AIVs from Steller’s eiders revealed that 4.9% of genes were of Eurasian origin. Seven subtypes were detected, including two also observed in northern pintails. No AIV strains were highly similar (> 99%) at all gene segments between species; however, highly similar individual genes were detected. The proportion of highly similar genes was greater within rather than between species. Steller’s eiders likely transport AIV genes between continents through long-distance migratory movements. Differences in AIV prevalence, subtype distribution, and the proportion of highly similar genes suggest limited AIV exchange between Steller’s eiders and northern pintails at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons during autumn.
Comparative study of patinas formed on statuary alloys by means of electrochemical and surface analysis techniques

Abstract A comparative evaluation of natural patinas and those formed during acid rain laboratory tests was applied to predict patina stability in corrosive urban environments. SEM–EDX analyses of various statuary alloys after the laboratory tests distinguished areas of correlative intensity of attack and S percentage, depending on the alloy. Moreover, EDX and X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the chemical composition of different coloured patina carefully scraped from a bronze monument, submitted to 75 years outdoors exposure. To analyse the electrochemical potential evolution with time the in situ Pourbaix technique was applied on the laboratory-exposed samples and over representative areas of the monument, at 2 years interval.
Life-course effects on marital disruption

Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, between 1969 and 1978, the change in the percentage of marital disruption among 3372 families is decomposed into: (1) an increase of 1.7 percent due to the direct effects of age at first marriage; (2) a decrease of 1.1 percent from changes in the relative age at first birth; and (3) a 2.7 percent increase stemming from changes in the internal structure of the families. The maldaptation of concepts from the life-course perspective is demonstrated to have led to the expectation of somewhat different findings, and for the confusion regarding the roles of life-cycle and life-course events in precipitating marital instability. The results strongly suggest the use of greater discretion in the formulation and use of different classes of events within the life-course framework.
Communication and the Adoption of Energy Conservation Measures by the Elderly.

Abstract A four-wave panel study was conducted in a Midwest community to determine the relationship of communication to adoption of energy conservation behavior among homeowners. Special attention was paid to the communication and energy use constraints faced by the elderly. Analysis indicates that younger respondents adopted actions to save energy in the home at a faster rate than did older respondents. This study found that energy-related content in the mass media bears stronger relationships with the perceived importance of the energy problem than with adoption of energy conservation behavior. The latter is associated more strongly with utility pamphlet reading, information requests, and utility audits, which provide more specific and customized information necessary for implementation of energy conservation measures. It is suggested that the role of communicators and educators in encouraging and reinforcing energy conservation remains very important.
Survey of pharmacist-managed primary care clinics using healthcare failure mode and effect analysis.

Objectives: The primary objective was to expand upon results of a previously piloted patient perception survey with Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA), to identify areas within pharmacist-managed clinics needing improvement.Methods: The survey was adapted for use in pharmacist-managed clinics. Patients completed the survey following regularly scheduled pharmacist appointments. Data were analyzed with a method adapted from HFMEA. Product scores could range from five to 25. A product of five indicates that pharmacists are doing a good job on the items that patients place the most value on, while a product score of 25 indicates that pharmacists are doing a poor job. A score greater than or equal to ten was used to identify areas for improvement. Results: Seventy-one patients completed surveys. Thirteen components were assessed and no item achieved a mean product greater than or equal to ten. The survey item with the highest mean product pertained to discussion of potential medication side effects (mean: 7.06; interquartile range: 5-10). Analysis of each survey item found that all survey items had multiple individual responses that provided a product score of greater than or equal to ten. The survey items most frequently listed in the overall population as being most valued were “Told you the name of each of your medicines and what they are used for”, “Answered your questions fully,” and “Explained what your medicines do”.Conclusions: Educational components provided during pharmacist-managed clinic appointments are aligned with patients’ needs and are successfully incorporating the components that patients value highly in a patient-healthcare provider interaction. The HFMEA model can be an important teaching tool to identify specific processes in need of improvement and to help enhance pharmacists’ self-efficacy, which may further improve patient care.
Structural studies of the Msx-1 homeodomain-DNA complex I.

Crystals of the Msx-1 homeodomain–DNA complex have been obtained by hanging-drop vapor diffusion at 293 K in 12% PEG 4000 and 0.1 M sodium acetate pH 4.6. The homeodomain consists of 60 amino acids and is the DNA-binding domain. The DNA in the complex was 16 base pairs with the sequence 5′-TGTCACTAATTGAAGG-3′, containing an overhang T at each end. The crystals diffract to 2.15 A (99.8% completeness) using cryogenic (123 K) conditions. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 33.66, b = 60.96, c = 83.37 A. The structure will illuminate the details of Msx-1–DNA binding specificity and clarify its role in transcriptional regulation. Mutations in Msx-1 cause craniofacial deformities in mice.
Nucleolar organizer regions in iris nevi and melanomas.

The silver staining of nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins is an objective method that has been used to differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms. Recently this method was used to distinguish benign choroidal nevi from malignant choroidal melanomas. We studied 24 iris melanocytic lesions to assess the applicability of this technique for differentiating benign from neoplastic iris tumors. Masked observers determined the number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region dots per cell for silver-stained specimens. Iris nevi contained a mean of 1.6 silver-stained nucleolar organizer region dots per cell, whereas iris (spindle A and B, spindle B, epithelioid, mixed cell) malignant melanomas contained a mean of at least 3.5 silver-stained nucleolar organizer region dots per cell (P
Effective surface heat transfer coefficients encountered in air blast freezing of whole chicken and chicken parts, individually and in packages

Abstract The surface heat transfer coefficients encountered in air blast freezing of plastic wrapped whole chicken, traypacks of chicken parrts and boxed chicken parts were determined during this study. Freezing of these items was simulated using a numerical method based on enthalpy formulation. A series of experiments were conducted using poultry packages at three different air blast velocities. The experimental temperature histories were compared with simulated temperature histories to estimate surface heat transfer coefficients. The results were presented as dimensional and non-dimensional correlations. Approximate analytical methods based on Plank's equation were developed to predict freezing times.
Development of homeothermy in infant C3H mice

The ability of C3H mice to maintain normal nest-level body temperatures when removed from the nest and isolated at room temperature (24°C) was examined between 2 and 30 days of age. To account for the increasing body size and fur growth which might serve to decrease the rates of heat loss in the developing mouse, colonic temperatures were recorded for isolated live and dead mice matched for age, body weight, and pelage, over a 1-h exposure to 24° C. The results point to there being three stages of thermoregulatory development: 2–5, 8–15, and 18–30 days of age, with the pup being unable to maintain normal body temperature when isolated from the nest until 18 days of age. Increases in body size, weight, and growth of fur had little effect on heat loss through 18 days of age.
Efficient Location Management Scheme for Group Applications in Cellular Networks

Mobile telephony is rapidly evolving, and one-tomany group applications, such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) services, are expected to be more prevalent in the near future. The core issue that needs to be addressed in order for such services to be practical on a large scale is the efficiency. Location management is a key control task in cellular network operations. We propose an efficient group location anagement scheme for group cellular applications, using a Group Location Register (GLR) architecture and a dynamic group profiling algorithm. We have performed theoretical analysis of our scheme, and further conducted extensive evaluations using both real traces and synthetic human mobility data to show the efficiency of our scheme in both location updates and paging.
Schwarz alternating and iterative refinement methods for mixed formulations of elliptic problems, part II: Convergence theory

In this paper we discuss bounds for the convergence rates of several domain decomposition algorithms to solve symmetric, indefinite linear systems arising from mixed finite element discretizations of elliptic problems. The algorithms include Schwarz methods and iterative refinement methods on locally refined grids. The implementation of Schwarz and iterative refinement algorithms have been discussed in part I. A discussion on the stability of mixed discretizations on locally refined grids is included and quantiative estimates for the convergence rates of some iterative refinement algorithms are also derived.
Rates of structure development during gelation and softening of high-methoxyl pectin—sodium alginate—fructose mixtures

Abstract Structure development (SD) rates, defined as: (dη*/dt) (Pa.s/s), were determined during gelation and melting of high-methoxyl (HM) pectin—Na alginate—fructose mixtures containing 55% and 65% fructose, 0.75% total polymer with ratios of HM pectin—Na alginate: 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3. In comparison with HM pectin—fructose gels (i.e. without Na alginate), the addition of Na alginate resulted in substantial increase in SD rates, and there were maxima in the SD rates over the range 25–35°C depending on the amount of sugar and the ratio of HM pectin to Na alginate. During heating of the gels containing Na alginate, melting (—SD) rates were high at lower temperatures and reached near zero values at higher temperatures. The effect of temperature in the vicinity of the maximum SD rates during gelation and melting could be described by the Arrhenius relationship. With the exception of the data with highest pectin concentration, magnitudes of the activation energy (Ea) of gelation curves were higher than those of the melting curves.
The Geological Society of America Geologic Time Scale

The Geological Society of America has sponsored versions of the geologic time scale since 1983. Over the past 30 years, the Geological Society of America Geologic Time Scale has undergone substantial modifications, commensurate with major advances in our understanding of chronostratigraphy, geochronology, astrochronology, chemostratigraphy, and the geomagnetic polarity time scale. Today, many parts of the time scale can be calibrated with precisions approaching less than 0.05%. Some notable time intervals for which collaborative, multifaceted efforts have led to dramatic improvements in our understanding of the character and temporal resolution of key evolutionary events include the Triassic-Jurassic, Permian-Triassic, and Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic boundaries (or transitions). In developing the current Geological Society of America Time Scale, we have strived to maintain a consistency with efforts by the International Commission on Stratigraphy to develop an international geologic time scale. Although current geologic time scales are vastly improved over the first geologic time scale, published by Arthur Holmes in 1913, we note that Holmes, using eight numerical ages to calibrate the Phanerozoic time scale, estimated the beginning of the Cambrian Period to within a few percent of the currently accepted value. Over the past 100 years, the confluence of process-based geological thought with observed and approximated geologic rates has led to coherent and quantitatively robust estimates of geologic time scales, reducing many uncertainties to the 0.1% level. (Less)
Oxygen displacement energy in ZnO

Abstract A displacement threshold at 310 keV has been observed by electrical measurements in single crystal ZnO and has been identified as the minimum electron energy required for oxygen displacements by observing the production of F - centers above this threshold with EPR.
Wall Properties of Veins

After a brief review of the venous wall structure, the physical properties of veins are discussed in terms of their stress-strain relationships. In contrast to the high pressure arterial system, the low pressure venous system may exhibit large changes in volume without major pressure changes. Inferences about wall properties and intravascular volume from pressure measurements alone are thus meaningless. Depending upon the interplay between intra- and extravascular forces, the venous cross section may oscillate between complete collapse and a circular shape. The stress-strain relationships are both nonlinear and time dependent. Comparative data are given for representative arteries and veins and the distribution of blood volume within the peripheral vasculature is discussed. Finally, some of the venomotor agents and their effects upon stress-strain relations are reviewed.
Is obesity an inflammatory disease

Abstract Background. Most obese individuals have elevated concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), markers of inflammation closely associated with diabetes, hypertension, and stroke. Hypothesis. Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory disease, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reduces biochemical markers of inflammation and modifies gene expression in hypothalamic food intake/energy-related nuclei and subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAF). Methods. Obesity was induced in 24 3-week-old Sprague Dawley pups fed a high-energy diet (HED). Three groups (n = 8/group) were studied: RYGB, sham-operated pair-fed, and sham-operated ad libitum HED. Controls were nonobese rats fed chow (n = 6). Rats were killed 10 days after operation, and blood was collected to measure corticosterone and SAF and mesenteric fat to measure IL-6, TNF-α, and corticosterone. Total mRNA from arcuate nucleus and SAF purified for gene expression profiling. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney test, and t test. Results. Before operation, the body weight of the obese groups was 493 ± 7 g and control = 394 ± 12g. The 10-day postoperative weight was RYGB = 417 ± 21 g, pair-fed = 436 ± 14 g, and ad libitum HED = 484 ± 15 g. Mesenteric and SAF weight decreased in RYGB. Mesenteric/SAF ratio of IL-6, TNF-α, corticosterone, and gene profiling showed decrease of inflammation after RYGB. Conclusion. Gastric bypass reduces biochemical markers of inflammation, suggesting that obesity is an inflammatory condition. (Surgery 2003;134:329-35.)
Effect of cracking in drying and shrinkage specimens

Abstract The significance of cracking and microcracking caused by nonuniform drying shrinkage of test specimens is analyzed. To assure that no cracks are produced by drying in load-free specimens, one must lower the environmental humidity gradually and sufficiently slowly, and use very thin specimens (about 1 mm thick). Graphs for the maximum admissible rate of change of environmental humidity, calculated from both linear and nonlinear diffusion theories, are provided. The spacing and width of parallel cracks due to drying are estimated from fracture mechanics considerations. In normal size specimens the drying cracks are usually too narrow to be visible. Drying leads to discontinuous microcracking rather than continuous macrocracks and is represented better as strain softening than as an abrupt stress drop. Shrinkage cracking can increase drying diffusivity by several orders of magnitude.
Methods of determining natural frequencies in coils and windings

A knowledge of the natural frequencies of transformer, reactor, and generator windings is essential for the determination of the transient response of such coils to lightning waves and switching surges, as well as for the calculation of the recovery characteristics of circuit breakers and expulsion gaps. Different testing methods have been employed to determine these natural frequencies, and it has usually been taken for granted that each of these different testing procedures gives results in substantial agreement. Recently, however, in a study of transformer transients it was found that several different methods of test failed to agree, and an investigation as to the cause of the discrepancies disclosed that all of these usual methods are not equally valid or reliable. It is, therefore, the object of this paper to discuss various testing procedures, and to point out their theoretical limitations toward yielding the supposed information. The voltage distribution along the winding of a grounded neutral transformer is discussed analytically and the basic equations are developed. Results of voltage distribution tests made by several methods are reported and compared. The various methods of testing are discussed and compared with the conclusion that the method of free oscillation is, in general, preferable.
Age- and sex-dependent expression of multiple murine hepatic hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A) genes

Hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A) enzymes play important roles in hepatic steroid and xenobiotic metabolism. Unlike humans, which express one SULT2A, inspection of mouse genome information indicated the presence of seven SULT2A genes within a cluster on chromosome 7. The age- and sex-dependent expressions of the seven murine SULT2A family members were characterized in the livers of C57BL/6 mice using real-time RT-PCR. The transcripts for three of the SULT2A forms (NCBI reference/model sequences XM_001471624, NM_009286 and NM_001111296) were abundant in pre-pubertal male and female mouse liver but were essentially silenced in the livers of adult male mice. The mRNAs of three other SULT2A forms (NM_001101534, XM_894052 and NM_001081325) were also expressed in pre-pubertal male and female mouse liver, but at markedly reduced levels relative to those of the abundant forms. The mRNA levels of these lower-abundance forms were further suppressed in adult animals. A seventh SULT2A mRNA (XM_983034) was expressed in adult male and female mouse liver, but was not detected in pre-pubertal mouse liver of either sex. Full-length amplifications with primers targeting untranslated regions confirmed that all SULT2A forms were expressed. However, while the XM_001471624, NM_001111296, NM_001101534, XM_894052 and NM_001081325 transcripts were detected at their predicted sizes, the NM_009286 and XM_983034 transcripts each lacked two predicted exons. These results demonstrate that seven murine SULT2As display different profiles of age- and sex-dependent hepatic expression.
Recent developments in neutron detection

Developments in neutron detection technology during the past three years are reviewed with special emphasis on those technologies with known or possible application to safety, security, or industrial development. The technologies discussed include track detectors, image plates, activation detectors, bubble detectors, proton recoil instruments, time-of-flight instruments, moderating detectors, proportional counters, semiconductor detectors, and scintillation detectors. The review concentrates on advances in detection technology rather than on the use of existing methods for applications. For the purposes of this review, neutron spectrometry is considered to be a subset of the general area of neutron detection.
Circadian Gating of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells Via Melatonin-Regulation of GSK3β

Disturbed sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythmicity are associated with cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Employing a tissue-isolated human breast xenograft tumor nude rat model, we observed that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), an enzyme critical in metabolism and cell proliferation/survival, exhibits a circadian rhythm of phosphorylation in human breast tumors. Exposure to light-at-night suppresses the nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis, disrupting the circadian rhythm of GSK3β phosphorylation. Melatonin activates GSK3β by inhibiting the serine-threonine kinase Akt phosphorylation, inducing β-catenin degradation and inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a fundamental process underlying cancer metastasis. Thus, chronic circadian disruption by light-at-night via occupational exposure or age-related sleep disturbances may contribute to cancer incidence and the metastatic spread of breast cancer by inhibiting GSK3β activity and driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer patients.
Physical Interactive Contents for the Converged Wellness Education

The purpose of this research is to resolve the problems related to bio and sports science that are found in the field of education, to motivate the students to study and to develop the new converged education program that combines bio and sports science together and that enables sports science education through applied scientific thinking method. Moreover, this is intended to provide the teaching guideline needed for carrying out converged education on scientific knowledge using sports games at the field based on the theoretical framework of converged education. Results of application are followings : First, Realization of "human centered science" that improves students' quality of life by combining with friendly IT technologies with the goal of carrying out converged education through the application of applied science field at the field of education. Second, Use of recognition technology to converge diverse applied science and bio fields in order to apply emotional system program, and to link with related occupation field using this as a turning point. Third, Discovery of the new technology and industry domains pertaining to recognition technology based convergence to apply nation's high value added new growth driver industry to the educational environment .
Xanthoma disseminatum, a rare cause of diabetes insipidus

A 33-yr-old male developed typical symptoms and findings of diabetes insipidus. A computed tomographic scan of the hypothalamus/pituitary was normal, and he was diagnosed as having idiopathic diabetes insipidus. At age 38 yr, he developed two 1- to 2-mm reddish papules on his skin. Biopsy revealed infiltrative histiocytes laden with lipid. Bone scans and bone x-rays showed widespread osteolytic and osteoblastic disease. The disease was diagnosed as a rare disseminated histiocytic disorder, xanthoma disseminatum. A classification of histiocytic disease is presented.
Conflict, People, and City-Space: Some Exempla from Thucydides' History

This essay considers episodes in which phenomena like war and civil strife affected, changed, and revealed the identity of the polis. Even if framed by an understanding of the Peloponnesian War and the imperialistic logic and destiny of Athens, Thucydides' History still provides us with narratives that illuminate the particular history of “minor” poleis, each with its specific events, turning points, and dynamics. Through analysis of Thucydides' historical material, this essay focuses on Plataea, Corcyra, and Mytilene and discusses the notion of the polis in relation to space and in the context of time, thereby testing Aristotle's question—too soon dismissed—about the separation of a community from the space of its city ( Pol. 3.1276b1–5).
Identifying Predators and Nest Fates of Bobwhites in Southern Texas

Predation is the primary cause of nest failure for northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). There are few reliable data documenting the species diversity and relative importance of bobwhite nest predators in southern Texas, USA. We used infrared video-monitoring systems to document nest fates of 127 bobwhite nests over 4 nesting seasons from 2002 to 2005 in southern Texas. A majority of depredation events (83%) were caused by 4 species: coyote (Canis latrans), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni), and badger (Taxidea taxus). Observed bobwhite nest fates for the study period were 0.50 successful, 0.34 depredated, and 0.16 abandoned or undetermined. A universal approach to mitigating nest predation is not likely to be applicable in regions similar to southern Texas, with high nest-predator diversity (e.g., fire ants, rodents, and mammalian carnivores). We believe that infrared video surveillance is a valuable tool for documenting baseline information on predator context and nest fate for many avian species, considering the limitations of past methods (e.g., postfate evidence).