cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Algorithmic Issues in Intelligent Control

Despite ubiquitous success in the implementation of classical automatic control, there are pressing needs on many technological fronts for the design of more advanced, high performance, real-time command generators. For example, the needs for a significant increase in the accuracy, speed and versatility of robotic manipulators and of high performance weapon pointing systems have led to a reexamination of the implementation of classical (e.g., PD) controllers for DC actuators and an exploration and evaluation of the use of new and more sophisticated control schemes (see e.g. [l]–[8]). Aside from specific needs to meet more demanding performance requirements, more versatile command generators are now required to fully realize the benefits of the new design options which have been made possible by recent hardware innovations, ranging from devices such as microprocessors to DC motors. Indeed, recent advances in DC motor technology have made the implementation of direct drive actuators for robot arms attractive and feasible: the first of two new kinds of DC motors, based on rare earth cobalt magnets, has already been used in the Carnegie-Mellon direct-drive arm in 1981 and in the MIT direct drive arm (see [9]) in 1982, while a second kind of DC motor is currently being used in the construction of a four degree of freedom robot arm at the ASU Robotics Laboratory.
The Fear of the Feminine in the Western Psyche and the Masculine Task of Disidentification: Their Effect on the Development of Masculine Gender Role Conflict:

The article discusses the notion of “fear of the feminine” in Western culture as reflected in mythological themes. The psychoanalytic process of disidentifying from the primary love object is also suggested as a possible starting place of masculine gender role conflict. At an intrapsychic level men utilize a defense mechanism coined the “feminine projection process” to disown their feminine side.
AHCPR smoking cessation guideline: a fundamental review.

Objective?To summarize the Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline that provides recommendations for three groups of professionals: primary care clin icians, smoking cessation specialists, and health care administrators, insurers, and purchasers. Participants?An independent panel of scientists, clinicians, consumers, and methodologists selected by the US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Evidence?English-language, peer reviewed literature published between 1975 and 1994 that addresses the assessment and treatment of tobacco dependence, nicotine addiction, and clini cal practice. Consensus process?Four panel meetings were held over two years to evaluate meta analytic and other results, to synthesize the results, and to develop recommenda tions. The Guideline was repeatedly reviewed and revised. Conclusions?The panel recommendations address three audiences. Major recom mendations for primary care clinicians are to use officewide systems to identify smok ers, treat every smoker with a cessation or motivational intervention, offer nicotine replacement except in special circum stances, and schedule follow-up contact to occur after cessation. Major recommenda tions to smoking cessation specialists are to use multiple individual or group coun seling sessions lasting at least 20 minutes each with sessions spanning multiple weeks, offer nicotine replacement, and provide problem-solving and social sup port counseling. Major recommendations Reprinted from JAMA 1996;275:1270-80, by permission. A complete list of the members of the Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline Panel and Staff appears at the end of this article. Correspondence to: Dr Michael C Fiore, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1300 University Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.17 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 05:46:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Social Media Data in Transportation

Abstract The Internet and the mobile phone continue to proliferate worldwide. As they become indispensable communication tools for people around the world, the usage of social media applications, like Twitter, INSTAGRAM, and Facebook, is becoming more popular every day. As social media includes postings about people’s daily activities, including travel, it can potentially be a rich source of data for supporting transportation planning and operations. Looking forward into the future, an abundance of new sensor devices such as in-vehicle sensors or handheld mobile devices will provide new sets of real-time data (e.g., on traveler locations, speeds, and routes), which could be integrated with social media data to further improve understanding of users’ behaviors and traffic conditions in real time. However, to take advantage of these data for transportation applications, we need to understand the characteristics of the data generated by a wide range of social media platforms and the methods that can be used to mine, organize, store, process, interpret, and communicate these data. Moreover, we must do so while ensuring the social media user privacy and the data security. This chapter discusses social media data characteristics that are relevant to transportation-related applications, and issues involving their use and analysis.
Hydrocarbon bio-oil production from pyrolysis bio-oil using non-sulfide Ni-Zn/Al2O3 catalyst

Abstract Upgraded bio-oil can partly replace fossil fuels to reduce the environmental issues caused by the massive consumption of fossil fuels. Hydrodeoxygenation is a promising route for upgraded bio-oil production from pyrolysis bio-oil. Non-sulfide catalysts are effective in bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation due to low cost and high activity. Ni-Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were first used to selectively produce hydrocarbon upgraded bio-oil through bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation. Upgrading pine sawdust bio-oil to upgraded hydrocarbon bio-oil was performed using a series of Ni and/or Zn loaded Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The crystalline structure of Al 2 O 3 was maintained after Ni and/or Zn loading, but BET surface area and total pore volume of Ni-Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalysts decreased significantly compared to Al 2 O 3 support. Bimetallic Ni-Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were more effective than monometallic Ni/Al 2 O 3 or Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalyst . Bimetallic 15%Ni-5%Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalyst generated the highest upgraded bio-oil yield at 44.64 wt% and produced the upgraded bio-oil with the highest hydrocarbon content at 50.12%. Physicochemical properties of upgraded bio-oils including heating value, water content and pH were significantly improved in comparison with raw bio-oil. The improved catalytic performance of bimetallic Ni-Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was associated with the synergistic effect of Ni and Zn on Al 2 O 3 support.
Repealing minimum parking requirements in Buffalo: new directions for land use and development

AbstractMinimum parking requirements, which mandate off-street parking and have been a staple of American zoning codes for more than 80 years, are slowly falling out of favor due to incompatibility with sustainable urbanism, equity, and social responsibility. A new zoning ordinance in Buffalo, New York completely removes minimum parking requirements citywide, relieving developers and property owners from the mandate to provide off-street parking. This article performs a comparative analysis of guidelines in the zoning code before and after reform and examines the public engagement process that produced the change in parking control. Strong support for and little opposition to this zoning change suggest less resistance than anticipated to policies that formalize a reduction in off-street parking facilities. Findings suggest that removing minimum parking requirements is easiest where off-street parking requirements are least needed, and that the planning team in Buffalo proposed a bold idea after it detecte...
Impact of Correlated Component Failure on Preventive Maintenance Policies

A primary goal of maintenance is to minimize the consequences of component and system failures. Two subcategories of maintenance actions include: preventive maintenance (PM) at predetermined time intervals prior to failure and emergency repair (ER) upon failure, where the cost and downtime of ER is significantly greater than PM. Most maintenance models developed over the past several decades assume component failures are statistically independent. This assumption simplifies calculations, but is dangerous for safety critical systems that must be maintained because correlated failures can lower the mean time to failure and increase the probability of ER. This paper presents a simple method with an explicit correlation parameter to characterize the impact of correlated component failures on the optimal PM interval of a system with arbitrary structure. This method is applied to five maintenance policies, including: periodic group repair based on operation time, minimal repair with complete renewal, minimal repair with partial renewal, age replacement to minimize cost, and age replacement to maximize availability. Examples illustrate our approach identifies optimal maintenance strategies for these policies such as reward or cost per unit time, cost per renewal period, and stationary availability despite correlated failures.
Thomson Reuters' Solution for Triple Ranking in the FEIII 2017 Challenge

In this paper we describe our approach to the triple ranking task of the FEIII 2017 challenge. Our method leveraged different machine learning classifiers in an ensemble as well as Thomson Reuters knowledge bases and information services to bring in external world knowledge of mentioned entities and extract information from the contextual sentences. Internal evaluation of our method was done by computing the Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) as tracked by the challenge and classification accuracy. The official FEIII Challenge evaluation showed our system performed highly in single ranking of all triples, placing in 2nd or 3rd place out of 17 participants for 4 of 6 scoring variants; the system also performed above average in per role ranking for 4 of 6 average role NDCG scoring variants.
Azpeitiko azentuaren gauzatze fonetikoaz

espanolEn este articulo se describe un experimento acerca de los correlatos acusticos del acento en el euskera de Azpeitia (Gipuzkoa). En nuestro experimento utilizamos pares minimos singular/plural para examinar la diferencia acustica entre vocales tonicas y atonas. Tanto el tono como la intensidad indican la posicion del acento. En concreto, en el contexto examinado, las silabas tonicas presentan una subida tonal. Por otra parte, no encontramos un efecto significativo de la duracion como correlato acentual. Comparamos estos resultados con los obtenidos sobre otras variedades vascas y discutimos la posible relacion entre el uso acentual de la duracion vocalica y fenomenos de elision de vocales. EnglishWe report on an experiment on the acoustic cues of stress in the Basque variety of Azpeitia. We use singular/plural minimal pairs to examine acoustic differences between stressed and unstressed vowels. Both pitch and intensity appear to cue lexical stress. In particular, in the context that we have examined, stressed syllables show a pitch rise. On the other hand, we did not find a significant effect of vowel duration as a cue to stress. We compare these results with work on other Basque dialects and offer some speculation on the relationship between the role of duration as a cue to stress and phenomena of vowel deletion. euskaraLan honetan, Azpeitiko hizkeraren azentuaren ezaugarri akustikoak aztertzen ditugu. Singular/plural hitz pareak erabili ditugu bokal azentudunen eta azentugabeen arteko diferentzia akustikoak miatzeko. Emaitzek erakusten dute tonuak eta intentsitateak azentu-gunea adierazten dutela. Bereziki, aztertu dugun testuinguruan, silaba azentudunek tonu gorakada erakusten dute. Iraupena, alderantziz, ez da erabiltzen azentuaren ezaugarri esanguratsu bezala. Emaitza hauek beste euskal hizkera batzuen datuekin konparatzen ditugu eta iraupenaren azentuzko erabilerak bokalen galera gertakarietan izan dezakeen eragina kontsideratzen dugu.
Communication Disorders and Children with Mental Retardation

This article examines the communication styles of children with mental retardation, emphasizing the assessment and intervention protocols used by health and education professionals. This article highlights the following approaches: a developmental psycholinguistic orientation, a pragmatics approach, and a supportive interdependent format consistent with the 1992 revision of how mental retardation is classified. This article discusses children with mental retardation who show challenging and disruptive behavior.
Estimates for Nonlinear Stochastic Partial Differential Equations with Gradient Noise via Dirichlet Forms

We present a priori estimates for nonlinear Stratonovich stochastic partial differential equations on the d-dimensional torus with p-Laplace-type drift with sublinear non-homogeneous nonlinearities and Gaussian gradient Stratonovich noise with \(C^{1}\)-vector field coefficients. Assuming a commutator bound, the results are obtained by using resolvent and Dirichlet form methods and an approximative Ito-formula.
The effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis in humans

1. Increased blood or plasma viscosity has been observed in almost all conditions associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Cognizant of the enlarging body of evidence implicating increased viscosity in atherogenesis, we hypothesize that the effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis. 2. Blood viscometry was performed on samples from 28 healthy, non-fasting adult volunteers using a capillary viscometer. Data were correlated with haematocrit, fibrinogen, serum viscosity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides and calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 3. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was more strongly correlated with blood viscosity than was total cholesterol (r = 0.4149, P = 0.0281, compared with r = 0.2790, P = 0.1505). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with blood viscosity (r = -0.4018, P = 0.0341). 4. To confirm these effects, viscometry was performed on erythrocytes, suspended in saline, which had been incubated in plasma of various low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios. Viscosity correlated directly with low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (n = 23, r = 0.8561, P < 0.01). 5. Low-density lipoprotein receptor occupancy data suggests that these effects on viscosity are mediated by erythrocyte aggregation. 6. These results demonstrate that the effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity in healthy subjects correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis. These effects on viscosity may play a role in atherogenesis by modulating the dwell or residence time of atherogenic particles in the vicinity of the endothelium.
Function of Mycorrhizae in Extreme Environments

The mycorrhizal symbiosis is an ancient interaction between plants and fungi, the basis of the symbiosis being enhanced nutrient uptake for the host plant and a carbon source for the fungus. In this chapter we explore the potential for mycorrhizae to enhance plant survival and growth in extreme environments, specifically via enhanced nutrient uptake, protecting the host plant from soil contaminants and enhancement of stress-reducing biochemicals. We include a case study of mycorrhizal function in high-temperature soils. Further research to identify the potential for acclimation versus adaptation of mycorrhizal fungi can better inform management applications of mycorrhizae on disturbed sites.
Topics in Model Predictive Control

This paper discusses two open topics in model predictive control. The first is the performance of model predictive control methods under the influence of disturbances. Presented here is a result concerning the stability of model predictive control in the presence of an exponentially stable disturbance. The second concerns the use of model predictive control for stochastic systems. This paper presents a comparison of several different optimization-based control strategies as benchmarks for the performance of model predictive control. Techniques examined include dynamic programming, open-loop optimal control and certainty equivalence control.
Abstract WP95: Cortical Neurogenesis in the Juvenile Brain Following Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a common injury of the CNS, resulting in neuronal death and impaired brain function, likely contributing to long-term disability in adults. The lack of pharmacologi...
How Smartphones Have Changed the Job for Better and for Worse—The Experiences of Reporters

Newspaper reporters now have to produce stories for online and print, with fewer people and less time to complete work. How is it then that they are getting their work done? Interviews with reporte...
LONGITUDINAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF DANON DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM A GLOBAL REGISTRY

Danon Disease (DD) is rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with cardiac manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mediated by mutations of the LAMP-2 gene. Compared to early presentations in males, females manifest disease with varying levels of
A W-Band SiGe Transceiver with Built-in Self-Test

A fully integrated W-band silicon-germanium (SiGe) transceiver is presented which provides a loop-back built-in self-test (BIST) functionality that allows continuous monitoring of the health of the system while in use. In addition, it facilitates on-die measurement of the transmit and receive channels to aid in characterization of the transceivers inside a large phased array system. Measurement results show a close agreement between the on-die and off-chip characterization results. The transceiver can switch from normal operation mode to BIST mode by applying a control signal. Measurement shows receiver SSB noise figure of 12 dB and P1dB of -8.5 dBm and transmitter output power of +8 dBm. The power consumption of the entire transceiver is 150 mW.
Retrospectives: Unconventional paths

I am the first to admit that my career has not followed a conventional path. But in talking to my colleagues, I am not sure that there is a conventional path to an academic career. This retrospective is both a look at how the profession has changed over the forty years since I began graduate school in the late 1970s, and a reflection on my own trajectory within that profession. Historiographical references reflect my own views and are not meant to be comprehensive. I first discovered the history of science as an undergraduate history major at Connecticut College in the early 1970s. The course of physics for non-majors I took with David Fenton was based on Harvard Project Physics, which had been developed in the 1960s by two professors of science education, F. James Rutherford and Fletcher G. Watson, and the historian of science Gerald Holton. We actually wrote term papers for the class; mine was on the theory that Stonehenge was an astronomical observatory.
Evaluation of Postoperative Mental Health Outcomes in Patients Based on Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of preoperative physical function, as measured by Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF), to improvement in mental health, as evaluated by Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary (SF-12 MCS) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS Patients undergoing primary ACDF were retrospectively reviewed and stratified based on preoperative PROMIS PF scores. PROMIS PF cohorts were tested for an association with demographic characteristics and perioperative variables using chi-square analysis and multivariate linear regression. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to determine the association between PROMIS PF cohorts and improvement in SF-12 MCS. RESULTS A total of 129 one- to 3-level ACDF patients were included: 73 had PROMIS PF < 40 ("low PROMIS") and 56 had PROMIS PF ≥ 40 ("high PROMIS"). The low PROMIS cohort reported worse mental health preoperatively and at all postoperative timepoints except for 1 year. Both cohorts had similar changes in mental health from baseline through the 6-month follow-up. However, at 1 year. postoperatively, the low PROMIS cohort had a statistically greater change in mental health score. CONCLUSION Patients with worse preoperative physical function reported significantly worse preoperative and postoperative mental health. However, patients with worse preoperative physical function made significantly greater improvements in mental health from baseline. This suggests that patients with worse preoperative physical function can still expect significant improvements in mental health following surgery.
The Motor of Leukocytes and Platelets: 1986

Arterial wall injury is believed to involve, among other factors, the interaction of platelets and leukocytes with endothelial cells. Shape changes and movements including spreading, locomotion and secretion (platelets and leukocytes) and rounding (endothelial cells) originate in a motor in the cortical cytoplasm. This is the domain of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin regulated by actin-binding proteins and signal molecules may produce mechanical effects that account for the cell functions described.
Treating the Disease, Not the Symptom: Beyond NSAIDs

Mitigating inflammation is clearly important in cancer prevention and control. Traditionally, pharmaceuticals have taken the lead in this problem. In an attempt to 'head them off at the pass', this Forum takes a hard look at the concept of 'better living through chemicals' and limiting proinflammatory chemicals entering the body.
Enteric versus Parenteral Feeding and Mucosal Function

Publisher Summary Parenteral nutrition support has ensured the survival of many patients. Recent reports in humans suggest that the total parenteral delivery of nutrients with no enteral nutrition may be associated with a decrease in digestive enzyme activity. The gastrointestinal tract has several important functions, including autoregulation, digestion, and absorption of nutrients and secretion. The gastrointestinal tract is also an important organ of defense, acting as a barrier against the systemic introduction of infectious agents, toxins, and antigens. Also, the lumenal contents of the gastrointestinal tract itself may be critical factors in maintaining these normal functions. Hospitalized patients requiring nutritional support are often stressed because of a surgical procedure, trauma, infection, or inflammatory process. In the sickest patients bacteremia can occur and it is the most common cause of increased morbidity and mortality. There are several possible causes for gastrointestinal barrier disruption, including injury to the mucosa following chemotherapy or radiation, malnutrition, endotoxins, and macrophage-derived cytokines.
Performance and Degradation Characterization of Electrochemical Power Sources Using Thermodynamics

Abstract This study demonstrates a thermodynamics-based instantaneous characterization of electrochemical power sources (EPSs) of various chemistries, sizes, scales and configurations, cycled at different rates. Recently proposed Degradation-Entropy Generation (DEG) methodology is reviewed and characteristic DEG elements are generalized to all electrochemical power sources, experimentally verified via uncontrolled cycling of nickel-metal hydride batteries, lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, super capacitors and fuel cells. Dissipation factor and entropic efficiency are introduced as new performance/degradation characterization factors in addition to existing DEG geometric and parametric elements. While data arise from several different power source types and process rates, results are similar and characteristic of system type and performance, consistently verifying and further elucidating anticipated system behaviors. Previously observed near-100% fit of experimental data to theoretical formulations persists in this study. A normalized DEG domain is introduced and compared to Voltage-Charge curves and Ragone plots in simultaneous comparative analysis of the various systems under different operational conditions. DEG methods can be used to adequately quantify the dissipative and degradation tendencies of electrochemical power sources for performance analysis and optimization.
Effectiveness of a central line associated blood stream infection protocol in a pediatric population.

Abstract Background Central line associated bloodstream infections are a common cause of bacteremia and sepsis in pediatric patients with intestinal failure, secondary to long-term CVC use. Methods An IRB approved retrospective chart review was conducted on TPN-dependent patients with IF who had an identified CLABSI and presented to Children's of Alabama's emergency department (ED) and were admitted to the hospital. Results Forty-four patients were included in the study, 28 in the first 18-month period and 26 in the second, with 10 in both populations. After implementation, mean time from ED presentation to antibiotic ordered and ED admission to antibiotic administered were lower. Mean time between antibiotic administration and admission to the floor was greater, and number of infectious disease consultations was greater. Floor-ICU transfers were lower, readmissions within 30 days was similar, and mean length of stay was similar. Conclusion A collaborative, multidiscipline-supported protocol for the care of patients with IF presenting to the ED enhances efficiency of antibiotic ordering/administration, as well as reduces the number of unplanned floor-ICU transfers.
Nostalgia as Pedagogical Practice: Democratic Education in Rural South Africa

Since 1994, South Africa’s Department of Basic Education has focused on curricular changes that reflect the post-apartheid transformation to democracy. Innovations in the classroom, such as a course on “Life Orientation” that trains future citizens, rely upon liberal democratic theory and emphasize specific forms of civic engagement. At the same time, many South Africans have lost hope in democratic transformation, instead fostering disappointment with increasing wealth inequality and liberal legislation. In the rural Eastern Cape, this is expressed as nostalgia for elements of apartheid seen as more secure and allowing for greater cultural autonomy. Teachers in particular malign a government that has legalized gay marriage and abortion while banning corporal punishment, citing these examples as evidence of the erosion of local forms of social reproduction and effective pedagogy. This paper shows how longings for the past can be viewed through the lens of pedagogical practice, suggesting that nostalgia for apartheid forms an integral part of educational experiences for rural youth.
Oncological Monitoring of NonMuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)

Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract malignancy and the fifth leading new cancer diagnosis in the United States. Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) comprises the majority of these cases and is known for its varying oncological outcomes and need for frequent follow-up and treatment. However, there is significant heterogeneity between surveillance protocols and an undefined role for the implementation of new endoscopic technology and urinary markers. This chapter will serve as a comprehensive and practical guide for the oncological monitoring of NMIBC. Additionally, it will incorporate tips and tricks utilized by experts in the field that can be applied in a urologist’s daily practice.
Racial Preferences in Sexual Attraction among White Heterosexual and Gay Men: Evidence from Sexual Arousal Patterns and Negative Racial Attitudes

Racial preferences in sexual attraction are highly visible and controversial. They may also negatively impact those who are excluded. It is unclear whether these preferences are merely self-attributed or extend to patterns of experienced sexual arousal. Furthermore, some argue that racial preferences in sexual attraction reflect idiosyncratic personal preferences, while others argue that they are more systematically motivated and reflect broader negative attitudes toward particular races. In two studies, we examined these issues by measuring the sexual arousal patterns and negative racial attitudes of 78 White men in relation to their racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people. For both White heterosexual men (n = 40; Study 1) and White gay men (n = 38; Study 2), greater racial preferences in sexual attraction to White versus Black people of their preferred gender were associated with more subjective and genital arousal by erotic stimuli featuring White versus Black people of their preferred gender, and with more explicit and implicit negative attitudes toward Black people. Findings suggest that racial preferences in sexual attraction are reflected in patterns of sexual arousal, and they might also be systematically motivated by negative attitudes toward particular races.
The association between pre-colectomy thiopurine use and risk of neoplasia after ileal pouch anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis: a propensity score analysis.

BACKGROUND The risk of neoplasia of the pouch or residual rectum in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who undergo total proctocolectomy (TPC) with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is incompletely investigated. Thiopurine use is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with UC. We tested the hypothesis that thiopurine use prior to TPC may be associated with a reduced risk of primary neoplasia after IPAA. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients from a tertiary referral center from January 2008 to December 2017. Eligible patients with UC or IC underwent TPC with IPAA and had at least two pouchoscopies with biopsies ≥ 6 months after surgery. Propensity score analysis was conducted to match thiopurine exposed vs unexposed groups based on clinical covariates. Multivariable Cox regression analysis estimated the risk of neoplasia. RESULTS A total of 284 patients with UC or IC (57.4% male, median age 35.6 years) were analyzed. Ninety-seven patients (34.2%) were confirmed to have thiopurine exposure ≥ 12 weeks immediately prior to TPC ("exposed") and 187 (65.8%) were confirmed to have no thiopurine exposure for at least 365 days prior to TPC ("non-exposed"). Compared to non-exposed patients, patients with thiopurine exposure less often had dysplasia (7.2% vs 23.0%, p = 0.001) and had lower grades of dysplasia before colectomy. After IPAA, patients with neoplasia were older (44.0 vs 34.8 years, p = 0.03), more likely to have had dysplasia as colectomy indication (44.4% vs 15.4%, p = 0.007), and more likely to require pouch excision (55.6% vs 10.2%, p < 0.0001), compared to patients without neoplasia. On propensity-matched cohort analysis, no factors were significantly associated with risk of primary neoplasia. CONCLUSION Thiopurine exposure for at least the 12 weeks prior to TPC in patients with UC or IC does not appear to be independently associated with risk of primary neoplasia following IPAA.
Role of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in the Pathogenesis of PD

Inflammation has recently been recognized as a significant feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathophysiology, yet its role in limiting or promoting this neurodegenerative multisystem disease is not completely understood. Determining the role of inflammation in PD will help understand how sporadic disease arises. Microglial activation, increased expression of inflammatory genes, infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system, and altered distributions of peripheral immune cells make up the in vivo evidence for inflammation in PD. Inflammatory hallmarks are also found in animal models of PD and are reviewed herein. Furthermore, we examine how PD-linked genetic mutations may lead to altered immune function and the extent to which these phenotypes are recapitulated by environmental exposures that may lead to sporadic PD through similar mechanisms. Given the implications of the involvement of the immune system on disease progression, we conclude by considering the potential for translation of immunomodulatory therapies with demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models or other immune-related conditions to the PD clinic. A clear need exists for additional research to understand the role of inflammation and innate and adaptive immunity in the pathophysiology of PD.
Indiana's Property Tax Caps: Old Idea, New Approach, and Surprising Incentives

Property tax limits are a subject of continual interest among policy makers. Indiana recently implemented tax caps that limit individual property tax burdens to a fixed percentage of market value. The resulting system creates structural deficits that depend on the simultaneous spending choices of all overlapping local governments. This paper highlights the many unusual incentives which spring from this approach to limiting property taxes. For example, we argue that the interdependence of local governments subjected to the caps creates a pro-spending bias. Policy simulations with Lake County are employed to demonstrate the relevancy of the concerns, and the difficulty of eliminating deficits even with large property tax reductions.
The Translation of Radical Ideas into Radical Action: The American Revolution and Revolutionary Philadelphia

This paper seeks to analyze the role of Philadelphia as a hotbed of revolutionary activity directly preceding and during the American Revolution. By exploring primary documents, Skeggs attempts to piece together the path to the radical changes in government structure and civil liberties in Pennslyvania. By doing so, she shows that both ideology and action played integral roles in shaping the transformation of Philadelphia from a conservative area to a center of radicalism. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol6/iss1/7
Whole-heart T1-mapping with single breath-hold

Background T1-mapping, directly measuring the underlying longitudinal relaxation times (T1), and extracellular volume (ECV) quantification, are emerging techniques for myocardial fibrosis quantification. Recent studies have reported significant T1 differences in fibrotic and normal tissue, but whole-heart T1-mapping is rarely performed in clinical practice, due to the associated time-consuming data acquisition; this can lead to sampling error when the fibrotic process is not homogenous. Signal acquisition over multiple heart beats can also be problematic, due to the potential for motion artifacts. In this study, we present a rapid whole-heart T1-mapping in a single breath-hold of, e.g., 6 heartbeats (typically, 5-7 seconds for total 9 T1 maps).
A Thermoplastic Polyimidesulfone

A polymer system has been prepared which has the excellent thermoplastic properties generally associated with polysulfones, and the solvent resistance and thermal stability of aromatic polyimides. This material, with improved processability over the base polyimide, can be processed in the 260–325°C range in such a manner as to yield high quality, tough unfilled moldings; strong, high-temperature-resistant adhesive bonds; and well consolidated, graphite-fiber-reinforced moldings (composites). The unfilled moldings have physical properties that are similar to aromatic polysulfones which demonstrates the potential as an engineering thermoplastic. The adhesive bonds exhibit excellent retention of initial strength levels even after thermal aging for 5000 hours at 232°C. The graphite-fiber-reinforced moldings have mechanical properties which makes this polymer attractive for the fabrication of structural composites.
Purification and chemical studies of a toxin from the venom of Lapemis hardwickii (Hardwick's sea snake).

Abstract The toxin was isolated from the venom of sea snake, Lapemis hardwickii (Hardwick's sea snake), through a four-step purification by column chromatography. The toxin was proven homogenous by zonal electrophoresis, analytical ultra-centrifugation, and isoelectric focusing. The toxin was also isolated in crystal form. The lethality of the purified toxin increased 23-fold when compared to the original venom. The molecular weight as determined by amino acid composition and by sedimentation equilibrium was approximately 6800. The toxin consists of 61 amino acid residues and does not contain a free sulfhydryl group. End group analysis indicated that there is a histidine at the NH2-terminal and an aspartic acid or asparagine at the COOH-terminal. The isoelectric point as determined by isoelectric focusing was 9.85. When the tryptophan residue in the purified toxin was modified with 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide, or N-bromosuccinimide, the toxicity was completely lost.
Numerical analysis of a shrouded micro-hydrokinetic turbine unit

ABSTRACTComputational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted for two diffuser designs that were added to a pre-existing horizontal axis hydro-kinetic turbine design. The two diffuser designs investigated in the present study had the area ratio values of 1.36 and 2.01. Each design used a short axial length to satisfy system portability constraints. The turbine-diffuser systems steady-state performance characteristics were assessed numerically. A structured, hexahedral mesh was employed to discretize the equations governing the fluid motion. Turbulent flow structures were captured through the implementation of the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) model. A 39.5% and 55.8% increase in output mechanical power was observed versus the un-augmented turbine performance. As the area ratio increases from 1.36 to 2.01, the total thrust experienced by the unit nearly doubles.
The Predicate View of Proper Names

The Millian view that the meaning of a proper name is simply its referent has long been popular among philosophers of language. It might even be deemed the orthodox view, despite its well-known difficulties. Fregean and Russellian alternatives, though widely discussed, are much less popular. The Predicate View has not even been taken seriously, at least until fairly recently, but finally, it is receiving the attention it deserves. It says that a name expresses the property of bearing that name. Despite its apparent shortcomings, it has a distinct virtue: It straightforwardly reckons with the fact that proper names generally have multiple bearers and are sometimes used to ascribe the property of bearing a name rather than to refer to a particular bearer of the name. It holds that proper names are much the same as common nouns, both semantically and syntactically, with only superficial differences. They both can be quantified and modified. The main difference, at least in English (and some other languages), is that when used to refer a proper name, unlike a common noun, is not preceded by the definite article. The Predicate View accounts for manifestly predicative uses, but to be vindicated, it needs to do justice to the fact that the main use of proper names is to refer.
Specific Gravity and Volume of the Hen’s Egg Yolk as Influenced by Albumen pH and Storage Age of the Egg

Abstract IT HAS been reported that variability in volume of the yolk of the stored hen's egg is affected by changes in its moisture content (Romanoff, 1940; and Romanoff and Romanoff, 1949). Yolk moisture content varies because of osmotic differences between the yolk and albumen which are separated by the semipermeable vitelline membrane of the yolk (Sharp and Powell, 1930; and Hoist and Almquist, 1931). Moisture movement across the vitelline membrane of the yolk is influenced by temperature (Smith, 1932) and ambient pH (Fromm, 1966). Romanoff and Romanoff (1949) reported that as the moisture content of the yolk increases the vitelline membrane has a tendency to weaken because of the increased volume of the yolk. However, Fromm (1966 However, Fromm (1967) reported that ambient pH was the predominant factor affecting the strength of the vitelline membrane and shape of the yolk, and that the moisture content of the yolk had a secondary role . . .
Effect of nanoscale zero-valent iron treatment on biological reductive dechlorination: A review of current understanding and research needs

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a strong nonspecific reducing agent that is used for in situ degradation of chlorinated solvents and other oxidized pollutants. However, there are significant concerns regarding the risks posed by the deliberate release of engineered nanomaterials into the environment, which have triggered moratoria, for example, in the United Kingdom. This critical review focuses on the effect of nZVI injection on subsurface microbial communities, which are of interest due to their important role in contaminant attenuation processes. Corrosion of ZVI stimulates dehalorespiring bacteria, due to the production of H2 that can serve as an electron donor for reduction of chlorinated contaminants. Conversely, laboratory studies show that nZVI can be inhibitory to pure bacterial cultures, although toxicity is reduced when nZVI is coated with polyelectrolytes or natural organic matter. The emerging toolkit of molecular biological analyses should enable a more sophisticated assessment of combi...
Using conductive plastic for EMI cover shielding

This paper describes the use of conductive plastic (steel fibers in plastic) as part of EMI cover shielding. It describes the experiences learned when using conductive covers in place of metal plated plastic covers.
Reflections onThe Strategy of Social Protest

Strategy examined the experience of a representative sample of challenging groups in American society from 1800 to 1945. I have often wondered, in the 15 years since writing it, whether the results would be the same for a sample of challenging groups since the end of World War II? Much has changed, and the answer is not simple or obvious. This essay reexamines the major arguments of Strategy, treating it as an open question whether they still hold or need revision to explain the experiences of more recent challengers. Two profound changes in American society since 1945 have created a radically different environment for challengers and I will continually return to them in different sections of this essay. The first centers on the rise of the national security state and particularly the sophisticated covert action capability that is part of it. The second centers on the rise of television, and with it, a much more central role for the mass media, affecting the strategies of both challengers and authorities. Neither, of course, is completely new. Pre-1945 challengers experienced company spies and agents provocateur, but compared to overt repression, covert action to disrupt and demobilize a challenger was rarely of any significance. The expansion of the intelligence apparatus since 1945 has added sophisticated new ways of attacking challengers to the social control repertoire of authorities. As Donner (1980:xii) notes, "None of the manifold excesses of the past can compare in scope and intensity with the secret war waged
Bifurcation theory methods for programming static or periodic attractors and their bifurcations in dynamic neural networks

Analytic methods of bifurcation theory are used to design algorithms for synthesis of analog neural networks with a precisely defined local vector field for pattern recognition that is created by a multiple bifurcation. For two memories thus far, static or oscillating spatial patterns can be stored, basin boundaries programmed, and the location of secondary bifurcations that introduce new attractors determined in the neighborhood of the bifurcation. >
Brain Ligatin: A Membrane Lectin That Binds Acetylcholinesterase

Ligatin, a lectin that recognizes phosphorylated sugars, has been demonstrated in mammalian tissues to bind specific hydrolases to cell surfaces. Ligatin exists as a filament that can be released from membranes still complexed with its bound hydrolases by treatment of membrane preparations with CaCl2 and/or pH 8.0. The ligatin-hydrolase complexes subsequently can be dissociated with ethyleneglycol-bis(β-amino-ethyl ether) N, N′-tetraacetic acid, resulting in a concurrent depolymerization of the ligatin filament. From membrane preparations of cerebrum, this procedure solubilized ligatin and a membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Binding of the cosolubilized acetylcholinesterase to ligatin could be demonstrated in vitro by affinity chromatography using the immobilized lectin. Ligatin-hydrolase complexes have been shown to be dissociated by specific phosphorylated sugars (mannose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate). These sugars were also effective in eluting bound brain acetylcholinesterase from ligatin affinity columns. Analysis of labeled glycitols produced by tritiated borohydride reduction confirmed the presence of phosphorylated sugars on the ligatin-cosolubilized material from brain.
Advantages of positional awalreness

This paper presents a slide presentation on the advantages of positional awareness. The problems (e.g. incorrect locations, incorrect supply chains, accidents, etc.), solutions (e.g. technology, architecture, etc.) and advantages are included in the presentation. (4 pages)
Embedded voids formation by overgrowth on GaN nanowires for high-quality GaN films

Abstract We report on the epitaxial growth of GaN films on GaN nanowires. GaN nanowires were prepared by the mask-less dry etching technique. The etched, then annealed nanowires form semi-polar and non-polar plane facets with hexagonal symmetry. The different growth rates on the different plane facets result in the formation of void networks. These networks of embedded voids are located near the sapphire substrate, where a high density of dislocations is present. The voids, a few microns in length and a fraction of a micron in diameter, offer free surfaces for dislocation termination, enabling the embedded void approach (EVA) to reduce dislocations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies show uniform reduction of the dislocation density over large area substrates by about three orders of magnitude and lower surface roughness than the GaN starting material.
Space, ownership and inequality: economic development and tourism in the highlands of Lesotho

Contrasting infrastructure and tourism development at one remote highlands location in Lesotho, our analysis captures important historical processes that created opportunities for the state to expand ownership over rural, locally owned lands and resources for national and private sector growth. We highlight how the state transforms rural spaces through economic development and tourism initiatives and argue that this process forges new iterations of ownership and inequality within these changing social relations and spaces. Analysis over time highlights the contradictions of the state's continued investment in a neoliberal logic of production and value that ultimately served to privilege foreign industry. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.