cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propofol permits tracheal intubation but does not affect postoperative myalgias

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the effect of propofol without succinylcholine on intubating conditions and postoperative myalgias in ambulatory surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomized study. Setting: Ambulatory surgery adult patients. Patients: 56 ASA physical status I and II adult patients undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia. Interventions: Group 1 patients received thiamylal plus sucdnylcholine, Group 2 patients recdved propofol plus sucdnylcholine; and Group 3 patients received propofol plus saline. All patients received fentanyl, lidocaine, and nitrous oxide plus isoflurane in oxygen. Measurements and Main Results: Incidence and severity of fasciculations, tracheal intubating conditions, and myalgias on the first and third postoperative days were measured. Propofol did not affect the incidence or severity of fasciculations following sucdnylcholine, or the incidence of myalgias. Of patients who received propofol without succinylcholine, intubation was successful in 85%. Conclusions: Propofol did not affect the incidence or severity of postoperative myalgias following succinylcholine.
Minimization and group-by detection for nested XQueries

We extend tree pattern queries into group-by normal form tree pattern (GNFTP) queries, which are nested, perform arbitrary joins, and freely mix bag and set semantics. Here, we describe a subset of XQuery, called OptXQuery and provide a normalization algorithm that rewrites any OptXQuery into a GNFTP query. Key logical query optimizations can be solved for GNFTP/OptXQuery. As a proof-of-concept but also for its own importance and value in query optimization, we developed and evaluated a query minimization algorithm for GNFTP. The rich features of GN-FTP/OptXQuery create key challenges that fundamentally extend the prior work on the problems of minimizing conjunctive queries. An important application of this technique is group-by detection. We extend GNFTP into extGNFTP to capture XQueries outside the OptXQuery set. The extGNFTP notation provides the logical plan optimization framework of our XQuery processor.
Scleroderma: a treatable disease

Many effective treatments for scleroderma have emerged in recent years, including bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, and epoprostenol, a prostacyclin, both of which target vasoconstriction. Cyclophosphamide may soon be proven effective against interstitial lung disease.
Epidemiologic Perspectives of Risk for Developing Diabetes and Diabetes Complications

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. National recommendations for screening and diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia provide a basis for early detection, treatment, and intervention that may potentially decrease related complications, and personal and economic costs of the disease. Most important is that knowledge exists about who is at risk for diabetes by weight, family history of diabetes, ethnicity, and history of gestational diabetes that allows for the development and implementation of diabetes primary prevention programs. Multiple national health care providers, systems of care, and communities that can be used to guide such prevention, early screening, and disease detection and intervention programs aimed at decreasing the burden of diabetes.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Pollock Skin Gelatin

ABSTRACT: Seven potential variables, pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, concentration of OH−, concentration of H+, extraction temperature, extraction time, and skin/water ratio, were investigated by a 27-3 fractional factorial design to identify critical control factors for pollock skin gelatin extraction, and 3 responses, yield, gel strength, and viscosity, were evaluated. The results suggest that 4 variables, pretreatment temperature, concentration of OH−, concentration of H+, and extraction temperature, have significant effects on gelatin extraction, and these key factors were then selected for the subsequent optimization using response surface methodology with a 4-factor, 5-level central composite rotatable design. It suggests that a concentration of OH− at 0.25 mol/L, a concentration of H+ at 0.09 mol/L, a pretreatment temperature at 2°C, and an extraction temperature at 50°C, will give the highest values for the 3 responses. The predicted responses for these extraction conditions are that the yield will be 18%, gel strength will be 460 g, and viscosity will be 6.2 c P.
Puromycin‐sensitive aminopeptidase is the major peptidase responsible for digesting polyglutamine sequences released by proteasomes during protein degradation

Long stretches of glutamine (Q) residues are found in many cellular proteins. Expansion of these polyglutamine (polyQ) sequences is the underlying cause of several neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Huntington's disease). Eukaryotic proteasomes have been found to digest polyQ sequences in proteins very slowly, or not at all, and to release such potentially toxic sequences for degradation by other peptidases. To identify these key peptidases, we investigated the degradation in cell extracts of model Q-rich fluorescent substrates and peptides containing 10–30 Q's. Their degradation at neutral pH was due to a single aminopeptidase, the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA, cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase). No other known cytosolic aminopeptidase or endopeptidase was found to digest these polyQ peptides. Although tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) exhibited limited activity, studies with specific inhibitors, pure enzymes and extracts of cells treated with siRNA for TPPII or PSA showed PSA to be the rate-limiting activity against polyQ peptides up to 30 residues long. (PSA digests such Q sequences, shorter ones and typical (non-repeating) peptides at similar rates.) Thus, PSA, which is induced in neurons expressing mutant huntingtin, appears critical in preventing the accumulation of polyQ peptides in normal cells, and its activity may influence susceptibility to polyQ diseases.
Conyza canadensis seed ascent in the lower atmosphere

Abstract Long-distance dispersal of wind dispersed plant seed is dependent on seeds ascending in the atmosphere's surface boundary layer (SL). However, seed dispersal research often focuses on the near-surface dynamics of abscission and deposition, with little attention paid to seed ascent and transport beyond the surface boundary layer. Our research sought to estimate the vertical seed density flux of Conyza canadensis , a common agricultural weed, in the surface boundary layer. Using a 2.7 ha field infested with Conyza canadensis , the vertical seed concentration profile was measured on 5 days, three times per day while simultaneously monitoring micrometeorological conditions to connect the mechanisms of release with the process of ascent. Vertical seed sampling was conducted from two to six meters above ground level using removable screen frames. Remotely piloted airplanes were used to quantify seed concentration at 68 and 120 m above ground level and provide a connection between near surface dynamics and dynamics higher in the SL. Seed flux density (area under seed concentration curve) decreased with height and decreased from morning to afternoon. The seed flux density was significantly correlated with mean mechanical turbulence and the interaction of mean mechanical and mean thermal turbulence, supporting earlier research of meteorological effects on seed dispersal. While fewer total seeds were collected in the afternoon, more seeds were collected at 68 and 120 m during this period and may suggest more seeds were present in the upper SL where dispersal distance may be greater. Seeds collected above the SL will potentially be carried for hours before descending, depositing seeds in the range of 2–122 m, and influencing a much greater area than seeds unable to ascend through the lower SL. While this range is very wide, the dispersal distances reported herein are several orders of magnitude greater than previously reported for plants. These findings are all the more striking since the study species has evolved resistance to glyphosate herbicide, an herbicide now widely used in soybean, cotton, and corn crops in the US. Therefore, aerial transport of C. canadensis seeds carrying genes coding for glyphosate resistance enables seed to move tens or hundreds of kilometers in a single dispersal event, a spread rate corroborated by number of cases of reported glyphosate resistance occurrences in North America.
Paleogene Grand Canyon incompatible with Tertiary paleogeography and stratigraphy

The Hualapai Plateau in northwest Arizona, the location of the western Grand Canyon, contains an unusually lengthy Tertiary stratigraphic record dominated by fluvial deposition and extending from at least late Paleocene through late Miocene time. The thickest and oldest Tertiary sections are best exposed in a system of partially re-exhumed Laramide paleocanyons. The Paleogene drainage system was locally disrupted and ponded by Laramide monoclines. In pre-Oligocene time, extensive alluvial fans spread southward from the Shivwits Plateau scarp across the current location of the modern Colorado River gorge to the northern margin of the Laramide drainage system at Hindu Canyon. Locally derived, fluvial Buck and Doe Conglomerate subsequently filled the disrupted Paleogene channels, spilled out over the local interfluves, and formed an extensive aggradational surface of low relief by late Oligocene time. Early Miocene volcanism filled in much of the relict Laramide relief. Erosional recession of the adjacent Shivwits Plateau escarpment shifted the northern Hualapai Plateau margin 8 km northeastward after the Laramide drainage episode and before the incision by the modern Colorado River. Partially exhumed tributaries to the Hindu Canyon paleochannel and associated sedimentary deposits bordering the southern edge of the Grand Canyon gorge demonstrate that local surface runoff flowed south, away from the modern Grand Canyon location, during early Paleogene time. Headwardly eroding Colorado River tributaries exhumed, captured, and reversed the flow of these tributaries to the Laramide canyon, beginning in late Miocene or Pliocene time. The geomorphic and stratigraphic records show no evidence of, and provide no space for, incision of a Late Cretaceous–Paleogene ancestral precursor to the modern Colorado River gorge. Instead, all the field evidence clearly supports a late Miocene–Pliocene origin for integration of the western Grand Canyon on the central Hualapai Plateau with the upper Colorado River.
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm as a complication of electrophysiologic study.

Abstract We have described a patient who developed a small submitral pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle during electrophysiologic mapping aimed at ablating a concealed accessory pathway. The patient was asymptomatic, and the lesion was detected on a routine postprocedure echocardiographic study. Spontaneous healing occurred, and the lesion was no longer seen on a repeated echocardiographic examination performed a month later. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:228-30.)
Radiation transport algorithms on trans-petaflops supercomputers of different architectures.

We seek to understand which supercomputer architecture will be best for supercomputers at the Petaflops scale and beyond. The process we use is to predict the cost and performance of several leading architectures at various years in the future. The basis for predicting the future is an expanded version of Moore's Law called the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). We abstract leading supercomputer architectures into chips connected by wires, where the chips and wires have electrical parameters predicted by the ITRS. We then compute the cost of a supercomputer system and the run time on a key problem of interest to the DOE (radiation transport). These calculations are parameterized by the time into the future and the technology expected to be available at that point. We find the new advanced architectures have substantial performance advantages but conventional designs are likely to be less expensive (due to economies of scale). We do not find a universal ''winner'', but instead the right architectural choice is likely to involve non-technical factors such as the availability of capital and how long people are willing to wait for results.
Social network dynamics: the importance of distinguishing between heterogeneous and homogeneous changes.

Social network analysis is increasingly applied to understand the evolution of animal sociality. Identifying ecological and evolutionary drivers of complex social structures requires inferring how social networks change over time. In most observational studies, sampling errors may affect the apparent network structures. Here, we argue that existing approaches tend not to control sufficiently for some types of sampling errors when social networks change over time. Specifically, we argue that two different types of changes may occur in social networks, heterogeneous and homogeneous changes, and that understanding network dynamics requires distinguishing between these two different types of changes, which are not mutually exclusive. Heterogeneous changes occur if relationships change differentially, e.g., if some relationships are terminated but others remain intact. Homogeneous changes occur if all relationships are proportionally affected in the same way, e.g., if grooming rates decline similarly across all dyads. Homogeneous declines in the strength of relationships can strongly reduce the probability of observing weak relationships, producing the appearance of heterogeneous network changes. Using simulations, we confirm that failing to differentiate homogeneous and heterogeneous changes can potentially lead to false conclusions about network dynamics. We also show that bootstrap tests fail to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous changes. As a solution to this problem, we show that an appropriate randomization test can infer whether heterogeneous changes occurred. Finally, we illustrate the utility of using the randomization test by performing an example analysis using an empirical data set on wild baboons.
Abstract 407: The Association Between Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Peripheral Artery Disease

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and peripheralartery disease (PAD) are common complications that occur more frequently in patients with type 2 diabetes than in the general population. Data on the association between these conditions is surprisingly scant. We searched the electronic medical records of 37,095 members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest who had type 2 diabetes identified prior to 2013 and had complete health plan eligibility in 2012 for physician-coded ICD-9-CM diagnoses of DPN or PAD in 2010-2012. We compared demographic (age, sex, diabetes duration) and clinical characteristics (BMI, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipids, and presence of ischemic heart disease [IHD], chronic kidney disease [CKD] and heart failure [HF]) associated with the presence of one or both of these conditions. To isolate the independent association between DPN and PAD, we constructed a multiple logistic regression model that controlled for risk factors for DPN and PAD. Of the 37,095 type 2 diabetes patients, 29% (n=10,636) had DPN and 7% (n=2,586) had PAD. Among patients with DPN, 15% had PAD compared with 4% without DPN (p<0.001). Nearly two-thirds of patients with PAD also had DPN, while about one-quarter of patients without PAD had DPN (62% vs. 26%, p<0.001). Characteristics of patients without PAD differed markedly depending on whether DPN was present. For example, mean age of patients with DPN but no PAD was 67.3 years, compare with 59.9 years among those without DPN or PAD (p<0.001), and those with DPN were two to three times more likely to have IHD, CKD or HF. Conversely, characteristics including age, sex and presence of comorbidities were similar among patients with PAD regardless of the presence of DPN. After controlling for the aforementioned common risk factors, presence of DPN more than doubled the probability of having PAD (OR 2.32, 95% CI 2.08-2.60). Our results demonstrate a strong association between DPN and PAD that remained even after controlling for a number of characteristics. Although our design did not evaluate the temporal relationship between these two conditions, older age and longer duration of diabetes among PAD patients suggests that DPN may often precede PAD. Research is needed to determine whether treating DPN can reduce the risk of PAD.
Disruption of the sugar-sensing receptor T1R2 attenuates metabolic derangements associated with diet-induced obesity.

Sweet taste receptors (STRs) on the tongue mediate gustatory sweet sensing, but their expression in the gut, pancreas, and adipose tissue suggests a physiological contribution to whole body nutrien...
197 APOLIPOPROTEINS (APOS) IN AMNIOTIC FLUID

Amniotic fluid (AF) obtained from 17 pregnant women with gestational ages 20 to 45 weeks contained apos A-I (1.29 ± 0.59 mg/dl) and A-II (0.44 ± 0.28 mg/dl) by electroimmunoassay (EIA). The other known serum apolipoproteins Apo B, C-I, C-II, C-III, Apo D and Apo E were not detected by double diffusion analyses (DDA). Lecithin: sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios ranged from 1.6 to 7.0. All samples (n=4) with L/S ratios>5.0 were past term and were deficient in or had trace amounts of A-II by EIA. By DDA, A-I and A-II were absent from a premature infant's urine and a postmortem saline lavage of neonatal lung. Lung and placental tissues were negative for A-I and A-II by fluorescent antibody staining. Pooled AF (400 ml) was passed through an immunosorber specific for A-I. The retained fraction (R) reacted with anti-A-I and contained three major bands on basic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) one of which had a mobility similar to A-I. After ultracentrifugation at density 1.23 g/ml, the unretained (U) fraction eluted as a single peak in the void volume (Ve) from sepharose-6B. Lipid analysis revealed lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl inositol, triglyceride, cholesterol and cholesterol ester. By SDS PAGE analysis, the Ve peak contained 3 to 4 bands of m.w. 50-80,000 daltons and electron microscopy revealed homogenous spherical micelles with protein bubbles stained by phosphotungstic acid. We conclude that apolipoproteins A-I and A-II are present in amniotic fluid in addition to non-serum apolipoproteins which may have clinical significance for further studies on the composition of protein and lipid componants of surfactant in AF.
Collisional Energy Transfer from Highly Vibrationally Excited Radicals Is Very Efficient.

Although highly vibrationally excited (HVE) radicals are ubiquitous in natural environments, the effect of collisional energy transfer (ET) on their reactivity has yet to be fully characterized. We have used time-resolved IR emission spectroscopy to characterize the vibrational-to-translational quenching of a small HVE radical, ketenyl (HCCO), by inert gases. Photolysis of ethyl ethynyl ether at 193 nm provides HVE HCCO in the X(2)A″ electronic ground-state, with a nascent internal energy of 2.2 ± 0.6 eV. IR emission is monitored as an indicator of vibrational energy, and spectral modeling allows direct determination of the average energy lost per collision as a function of the internal energy. Collisional deactivation of HVE HCCO is shown to be minimally an order of magnitude more efficient than closed-shell molecules of comparable size. Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld-Tanczos (SSHT) theory, modified for HVE molecules, suggests that this ET enhancement is due to a strong attractive intermolecular interaction.
THE BREEDING SYSTEM OF GILIA ACHILLEIFOLIA: VARIATION IN FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCROSSING RATE.

The outcrossing rate is a key component of the breeding system. While estimates of outcrossing rate exist for some plants, less information is available on variation in outcrossing rate within species and on its causes. Since many features of flowers affect the level of outcrossing, plant breeding systems are often inferred from observations on floral morphology, physiology, and phenology. Typically, such observations include whether plants are unisexual or cosexual, have perfect or unisexual flowers, are self-compatible or selfincompatible (Grant, 1958; Baker, 1959), whether flowers are protandrous, protogynous, or homogamous (Faegri and van der Pijl, 1971), degree of stigma exsertion (Grant, 1954; Breese, 1959), flower size (Rollins, 1963), pollen-ovule ratio (Lloyd, 1965; Cruden, 1977), and amount of fruit or seed set in the absence of pollinators (Lloyd, 1965; Harding et al., 1974). Few studies of plant breeding systems have addressed the problem of how well the presence of these floral features can be used to predict outcrossing rates of plant populations, or whether variation among populations in the expression of these features is heritable. This latter question is especially relevant to studies concerned with the evolution of plant breeding systems (e.g., Lloyd, 1965; Moore and Lewis, 1965; Baker, 1966; Ornduff, 1972; Arroyo, 1973; Rick et al., 1978; Solbrig and Rollins, 1977). This paper presents the results of an investigation of breeding system variation in the California annual plant, Gilia
Dynamics of flows, fluctuations, and global instability under electrode biasing in a linear plasma device

Grid biasing is utilized in a large-scale helicon plasma to modify an existing instability. It is shown both experimentally and with a linear stability analysis to be a hybrid drift-Kelvin–Helmholtz mode. At low magnetic field strengths, coherent fluctuations are present, while at high magnetic field strengths, the plasma is broad-band turbulent. Grid biasing is used to drive the once-coherent fluctuations to a broad-band turbulent state, as well as to suppress them. There is a corresponding change in the flow shear. When a high positive bias (10Te) is applied to the grid electrode, a large-scale ( n/n≈50%) is excited. This mode has been identified as the potential relaxation instability.
Experimental Study on the Treatment of Residual Fracturing Fluid by Standard Fenton Reagent

In the process of oilfield development,the COD value of residual fracturing fluid exceeds standard seriously,and this will cause great damage to the environment.However,the reports of the treatment of residual fracturing fluid are so far very few.The standard Fenton reagent was used to treat the residual fracturing fluid.The optimal operating conditions such as the dosages of H2O2 and Fe2+,pH value and treatment time were determined by orthogonal experiments,and the factors that influenced the removal rate of COD were investigated.The optimum reaction conditions were determined finally.The COD value of residual fracturing fluid decreased to 500.49 mg/L from 2075.84 mg/L,and the removal rate reached 75.9%.The experimental results show that the sandard Fenton reagent has an excellent treatment effect.
Understanding the intermittent traffic pattern of HTTP video streaming over wireless networks

We are experiencing huge growth of video streaming traffic, which is creating big challenges for video providers in guaranteeing a satisfactory level of viewing experience to end users. Furthermore, the increase in video streaming demands on mobile devices over dynamic wireless links is creating another obstacle toward providing a high quality video service. In order to overcome most of these challenges, HTTPs adaptive video streaming technology was introduced, along with other great features for streaming videos. However, we found that HTTPs adaptive protocol can still suffer under certain situations and conditions. Mostly, these issues are likely experienced when multiple concurrent players compete over the same bottleneck. Several studies have proposed a network side solution at the home gateway or at the cloud aiming to assist the video players to maximize the viewing experience to all users sharing the same bottleneck. Although these proposed systems could provide some enhancements to the video streaming, they are unable to provide fine-grained monitoring and understanding of the video traffic to apply desire level of dynamic resource management. Considering the above issues, in this paper we conduct extensive analysis of the video traffic of YouTube; the most popular HTTPs adaptive video player. In our study, we argue that through a deep understanding and careful analysis of the HTTPs video traffic, valuable information about the competing streams can be obtained and could be utilized in developing a network based solution that can significantly improve the video QoE and assist the video players to perform much better.
Vancomycin-associated linear IgA dermatosis. A report of three cases.

Background: Linear IgA dermatosis is an autoantibody-mediated, subepidermal blistering disease that is rarely associated with drug exposure. Objective: We report the development of linear IgA dermatosis in three patients associated with the administration of vancomycin and further characterize the immunopathology. Methods: Direct and indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to characterize the immunoreactants, determine the subclass of the IgA deposits, and map the site of antibody deposition. Results: A subepidermal blistering disease developed in all patients shortly after vancomycin was initiated, which resolved on discontinuation of the drug. Immunofluorescence studies revealed linear deposits of IgA 1 only at the basement membrane zone, below the lamina lucida. Circulating IgA anti-basement membrane zone antibodies were not detected. Conclusion: Three patients had linear IgA dermatosis in association with the administration of vancomycin. All patients had linear deposits of IgAl localized to the sublamina densa zone. Immunophenotypically, the disease in these patients mimics the pattern of IgA deposits seen in the majority of patients with idiopathic linear IgA dermatosis.
Features of the Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity of Methamphetamine: A Comparison with MPTP

The amphetamines and cocaine are powerful CNS stimulants and common drugs of abuse. It is widely accepted that both the amphetamines and cocaine owe their stimulant properties to an interaction with brain dopaminergic systems. As an example, the administration to mice of d-amphetamine or of cocaine results in a large increase in locomotor activity of a relatively short duration which can be blocked by a number of dopamine receptor antagonists. Moreover, both cocaine and d-amphetamine cause an ipsilateral rotation in rats with a unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. This rotational behavior also can be blocked by pretreatment of the rats with dopamine receptor antagonists. These data might suggest that these behavioral responses to d-amphetamine and cocaine are due to a common pharmacological mechanism. However this is not the case. It is generally accepted that d-amphetamine and several of its structural analogs are CNS stimulants because they facilitate the release of dopamine. In contrast, cocaine and several structural analogs are thought to be stimulants because they block the reuptake (uptake) of synaptically released dopamine. The differences in their mode of action can be demonstrated by the observations that treatment of mice with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-methylpara-tyrosine prevents the increased locomotor activity caused by the amphetamines but has no effect on that caused by cocaine. In contrast, treatment of mice with reserpine prevents the increased activity caused by cocaine and other dopamine uptake inhibitors but has no effect on that caused by the amphetamines (Ross, 1978). These data suggest that the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and related compounds are due to their release of newly synthesized dopamine while the behavioral effects of cocaine and other dopamine uptake inhibitors are due to their blockade of uptake of dopamine which is derived mainly from the reserpine-sensitive storage pool.
Epitaxial integration of TiO2 with Si(100) through a novel approach of oxidation of TiN/Si(100) epitaxial heterostructure

In this study, we provide a novel approach to the epitaxial integration of TiO 2 with Si(100) and investigate the defect mediated ferromagnetism in TiO 2 structure. Epitaxial TiO 2 thin films were grown on a TiN/Si(100) epitaxial heterostructure through oxidation of TiN where a single crystalline rutile-TiO 2 (r-TiO 2 ) with a [110] out-of-plane orientation was obtained. The epitaxial relationship is determined to be TiO 2 (1 $\bar 1$ 0)||TiN(100) and TiO 2 (110)||TiN(110). We rationalized this epitaxy using the domain matching epitaxy paradigm. First TiN is grown epitaxially on Si(100). Subsequently, TiN/Si(100) samples are oxidized to create r-TiO 2 /TiN/Si(100) epitaxial heterostructures. The details of the mechanism behind the oxidation of single crystalline TiN to TiO 2 was investigated using atomic scale high resolution electron microscopy techniques. Defects introduced to the heterostructure during oxidation caused ferromagnetism in TiO 2 thin film which is reversible and can be tuned by controlling oxygen partial pressure. The source of magnetization is correlated with the presence of oxygen vacancy leading to introduction of two localized states; hybrid and polaron among neighboring Ti atoms, and titanium vacancy providing four holes to form molecular oxygen. We present structure property correlations and its impact on the next generation solid state devices.
Improved Congruence of the Lateral Compartment of the Knee Following Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Introduction: The number of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKA) performed over the last decade has increased by 30%, as studies have demonstrated improved knee kinematics, range of motion, and decreased perioperative morbidity versus total knee arthroplasty. However, concerns remain regarding the future risk of revision due to lateral compartment degeneration. In patients with a varus mechanical alignment and tibiofemoral subluxation secondary to medial compartment osteoarthritis, the femoral and tibial articular surfaces of the lateral compartment subsequently become incongruous, potentially increasing the focal contact stresses seen with loading. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the tibiofemoral congruence of the lateral compartment of the knee is improved following a medial UKA. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of 192 consecutive medial UKAs included in an IRB-approved, single-surgeon database. All UKAs were performed using a robot-assisted surgical technique. Preoperative and postoperative standing, anteroposterior hip-to-ankle radiographs controlling for lower extremity rotation were performed from which the congruence of the lateral compartment was measured. The preoperative and postoperative degree of articular congruence (congruence index, CI) was calculated using an iterative closest point (ICP)-based software code (Matlab, MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA), specially developed to evaluate congruence of knee compartments. Following digitization of the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia, the code performs a rigid transformation that best aligns the articular surfaces and evaluates the current degree of articular congruence. A congruence index (CI) is then calculated, with a value of 1 indicating complete congruence, and a value of 0 indicating a 100% dislocation of the articular surfaces. A student9s t-test was used to compare the preoperative and postoperative values of lateral compartment congruence. Results: The mean, preoperative congruence index of the lateral compartment was 0.88 (± 0.1), which was improved to 0.93 (± 0.07), following implantation of a medial UKA (p Conclusion: Implantation of a medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty improves the articular surface congruence of the lateral compartment in the majority of patients with isolated, medial compartment osteoarthritis (Figure 1). We hypothesize that this factor, combined with a controlled undercorrection of the overall mechanical alignment, will improved load distribution across the lateral compartment, reduce the risk of focal contact stress points, and decrease the risk of subsequent osteoarthritic degeneration of the lateral compartment. Medial UKA not only resurfaces the medial compartment, but also may treat potential lateral compartment degeneration by improving congruence and load distribution.
Design of ESD protection for fault tolerant interface applications with EMC immunity

A protection circuit for larger than 80 V operation and bidirectional blocking capability is introduced. This circuit achieves a required 8,000 V HBM robustness level, a holding voltage larger than 80 V, a reverse blocking voltage higher than −20 V and 18 dBm Direct RF Power Injection (DPI) immunity between 5- to 500-MHz.
Diet and Exercise Failures: A Theoretical Extension of Relapse

Obesity is a non-communicable disease that is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and cancer (WHO, 2016). While there are many ways to treat obesity, approximately 80% of those who attempt a diet or exercise program fail to achieve and/or maintain their weight loss (Wing & Phelan, 2005). This article assesses the problem of obesity and the failure to maintain treatment outcomes through a conceptual analysis of relapse. This includes analyzing not only the behaviors of individuals who are obese, but their surrounding environments. This article includes a discussion of resurgence, renewal, reinstatement, and behavioral momentum theory, which may provide additional information and guidance when creating treatment plans related to obesity and obesity-related disorders. Assessing obesity through a behavior analytic lens of relapse may lead to better adherence and maintenance of obesity treatment programs, but also decrease the burden that obesity and obesity relapse has on the health-care system.
The Usefulness of CD64, Other Monocyte-Associated Antigens, and CD45 Gating in the Subclassification of Acute Myeloid Leukemias with Monocytic Differentiation

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is widely used in the diagnosis and subclassification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CD14 is the monocyte-associated antigen most widely used to identify AML with monocytic differentiation (French-American-British classes M4 and M5); however, we observed that CD14 expression is frequently diminished or absent in such cases. To identify monocyte-associated antigens that might improve recognition of AML M4 and M5, we used 3-color flow cytometry and a panel of antibodies reported to distinguish cells of monocytic lineage in 44 cases of AML. In addition, CD45 vs logarithmic side scatter plots were analyzed in all cases. As expected, CD14 was highly specific but was only moderately sensitive for monocytic differentiation. CD64 had the best-combined sensitivity and specificity for AML M4 and M5. CD45 vs logarithmic side scatter analysis showed a higher percentage of monocytes in AML M4 and M5 compared with nonmonocytic AML. CD64 was expressed in 5 of 5 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML M3), but the intensity of staining was significantly less in AML M3 than in AML M4 and M5. Our findings show that addition of CD64 and CD45 vs logarithmic side scatter analysis to CD14 greatly improves flow cytometric detection of AML with monocytic differentiation and that CD64, also expressed in AML M3, may help distinguish AML M3 from other subtypes.
Abstract TP377: Predictors of Diffusion-weighted Imaging Lesions and One-year Case-fatality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been associated with vasculopathy, blood pressure (BP) lowering, and poor functional outcomes. We sough...
Intergenerational Ambivalence and Dyadic Strain: Understanding Stress in Family Care Partners of Older Adults.

Objectives: The present study used Pearlin, Mullan, Semple & Skaff's (1990) caregiving stress process model as a framework to examine the comparative influence of two stressors: (a) intergeneration...
Wireless sensor-dependent ecological momentary assessment for pediatric asthma mhealth applications

Pediatric asthma is a prevalent chronic disease condition that can benefit from wireless health systems through constant symptom management. In this paper, we propose a smart watch based wireless health system that incorporates wireless sensing and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to determine an individual's asthma symptoms. Since asthma is a multifaceted disease, this approach provides individualized symptom assessments through various physiological and environmental wireless sensor based EMA triggers specific to common asthma exacerbations. Furthermore, the approach described here improves compliance to use of the system through insightful EMA scheduling related to sensor detected environmental and physiological changes, as well as the patient's own schedule. After testing under several real world conditions, it was found that the system is sensitive to both physiological and environmental conditions that would cause asthma symptoms. Furthermore, the EMA questionnaires that were triggered based on these changes were specific to the asthma trigger itself, allowing for invaluable context behind the data to be collected.
Multiple proteolytic events in caspase-6 self-activation impact conformations of discrete structural regions

Caspase-6 is critical to the neurodegenerative pathways of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases and has been identified as a potential molecular target for treatment of neurodegeneration. Thus, understanding the global and regional changes in dynamics and conformation provides insights into the unique properties of caspase-6 that may contribute to achieving control of its function. In this work, hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS (H/DX-MS) was used to map the local changes in the conformational flexibility of procaspase-6 at the discrete states that reflect the series of cleavage events that ultimately lead to the fully active, substrate-bound state. Intramolecular self-cleavage at Asp-193 evoked higher solvent exposure in the regions of the substrate-binding loops L1, L3, and L4 and in the 130s region, the intersubunit linker region, the 26-32 region as well as in the stabilized loop 2. Additional removal of the linker allowed caspase-6 to gain more flexibility in the 130s region and in the L2 region converting caspase-6 to a competent substrate-binding state. The prodomain region was found to be intrinsically disordered independent of the activation state of caspase-6; however, its complete removal resulted in the protection of the adjacent 26-32 region, suggesting that this region may play a regulatory role. The molecular details of caspase-6 dynamics in solution provide a comprehensive scaffold for strategic design of therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders.
Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory for doublet excitation energies and excited state geometries: the excited states of CN

Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) is a post multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) method with similar performance to complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) but with greater computational efficiency. Cyano radical (CN) is a molecule whose spectrum is well established from experiments and whose excitation energies have been used as a testing ground for theoretical methods to treat excited states of open-shell systems, which are harder and much less studied than excitation energies of closed-shell singlets. In the present work, we studied the adiabatic excitation energies of CN with MC-PDFT. Then we compared this multireference (MR) method to some single-reference (SR) methods, including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and completely renormalized equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles and noniterative triples [CR-EOM-CCSD(T)]; we also compared to some other MR methods, including configuration interaction singles and doubles (MR-CISD) and multistate CASPT2 (MS-CASPT2). Through a comparison between SR and MR methods, we achieved a better appreciation of the need to use MR methods to accurately describe higher excited states, and we found that among the MR methods, MC-PDFT stands out for its accuracy for the first four states out of the five doublet states studied this paper; this shows its efficiency for calculating doublet excited states.
Dump the pump: manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) with a syringe is technically effective, expeditious, and cost-efficient

Introduction Syringe aspiration for manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) is a cost- and time-efficient alternative to an aspiration pump with likely similar efficacy. It is counterintuitive to expect the pump to perform better than direct vacuum with a syringe, as the pump must deliver vacuum additionally through a canister and meters of tubing. Objective To present in vitro and clinical results of MAT with a syringe. Methods An in vitro analysis was performed comparing vacuum pressures generated by syringe aspiration and with pump aspiration. This was then complemented with prospective clinical data providing details of angiographic and clinical outcomes for syringe MAT. Results The in vitro analysis demonstrated that equal to slightly greater vacuum pressures were generated by a 60 cc syringe as compared with the pump in both static and partial flow conditions. In our clinical series, 106/113 acute stroke thrombectomies over a 6-month period were performed with syringe MAT on the first pass. Syringe usage instead of pump tubing and a canister led to a total savings of $58 300. The rate of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3 recanalization was 93%. Adjunctive stentriever usage was performed in 23% of cases. Median puncture to reperfusion time was 25 min; mean change in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours was an improvement of 5.1 (median 6). The in-hospital mortality rate was 10%. Seventy percent of patients were discharged to home (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2) or a rehabilitation facility (mRS score 2–4). Conclusion MAT using a syringe is a safe, fast, and more cost-effective approach than using an aspiration pump.
An Uncertainty Model and Analyzer for a Space Environmental Test Facility

This paper introduces a measurement uncertainty model and analyzer tool being developed for one of the world's largest space environmental test facilities, the Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facili...
Religiously Devout Judges: A Decision-Making Framework for Judicial Disqualification

Religiously devout judges are bound by both the sacred text(s) of their particular religion and the oaths of office they take upon induction into the judiciary. Typically, these devotions do not clash; however, at times the interaction between positive law and religious law may create an internal conflict or the appearance of an internal conflict. Federal and state judicial disqualification statutes, constitutions, and professional standards require recusal and/or disqualification in such instances.
Pathology of Gastrointestinal Cancer

An exhaustive discussion of the pathologic features of neoplasms of the alimentary tract would require a text twice the size of this entire volume. The organs of the alimentary tract are among the most frequent site of origin of malignancies in the human body (SILVERBERG 1985; ROSAI 1981). Thus, the diversity of malignant new growths found in this systemis great, and virtually every type of neoplasm that has been identified has been described as arising from the alimentary tract, or involving it secondarily. For this reason, we will discuss only the most important malignancies below, and the lesser ones will be mentioned only cursorily for completeness. While there may be reasons to disagree with any classification, we have generally organized the discussion to follow that of the Histological Classification of Tumours of the World Health Organization (OOTA and SOBIN 1977; MORSON and SOBIN 1976; GIBSON and SOBIN 1978). In keeping with the remainder of this volume, we have left out discussion of tumors of the mouth, oropharynx, and salivary glands, but have included discussion of important tumors of the liver and biliary tree and those of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas.
Advances in the Identification of EBV-Specific Proteins: An Overview

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced antigens can readily be detected in EBV-infected or transformed cells using a variety of immunological techniques. Monitoring of the immune responses to these different antigen has been instrumental in establishing an etiological association between EBV and different neoplastic diseases (Pearson, 1980).In addition, such antibodies have been shown to be of diagnostic and prognostic importance for certain histopathological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and African Burkitt’s lymphoma. Thus these types of investigations over the past 20 years have served a useful purpose in studies on EBV and cancer. It is known, however, that most, if not all, of the EBV antigens are complexes composed of multiple determinants. Until recently little was known about the identity of the various proteins that composed these antigens or their functions. However, largely due to the development of monoclonal antibody technology, there has been good progress over the past few years in dissecting out the major components of the different EBV antigens complexes.
Exploring potentially alternative non-canonical DNA duplex structures through simulation.

Hopkins proposed an alternative and chirally distinct family of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) models that have antiparallel chains with 5′→3′ senses opposite to those of the right-handed Watson–Crick...
Single-cell Clustering Based on Word Embedding and Nonparametric Methods

Identifying cell types is one of the significant applications of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technology, which provides insights into cellular level mechanisms and variations. Most existing methods for identifying cell types only utilize the expression matrix for clustering the cells; however, a few studies show the benefits of considering relationship between genes into the cell clustering procedure. In this study, we proposed a new method, Gene Mover's Distance (GMD) that is based on a nonparametric Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) and leveraging a novel word embedding approach to cluster cells. In this method both intrinsic distances between genes and their expression values are used to compute a novel distance metric for clustering. We employed the word embedding word2vec model which was trained on biological corpus to capture the relationship between genes and employed EMD to compute the distance between cells by considering a cell as a group of weighted points (genes). We used three single cell datasets to validate the proposed method and to evaluate its performance in comparison with three state-of-the-art clustering methods. Results indicate that GMD outperformed the methods in clustering single cells in terms of Adjusted Random Index and Fowlkes Mallows Index.
Siena: exploring the design space of heterogeneous memory systems

Memory systems are crucial to the performance, power, and cost of high-performance computing systems. Recently, multiple factors are driving the need for more complex, deep memory hierarchies. However, architects and customers are struggling to design memory systems that effectively balance multiple, often competing, factors in this large, multidimensional, and fast-moving design space. In this paper, we systematically explore the organization of heterogeneous memory systems on a framework called Siena. Siena facilitates quick exploration of memory architectures with flexible configurations of memory systems and realistic memory workloads. We perform a design space exploration on 22 proposed memory systems using eight relevant workloads. Our results show that horizontal organizations of memories can achieve higher performance than vertical organizations when the distribution of memory traffic balances the performance gap between memories. However, the coupling effects through shared resources and application behaviors could negate the advantage of high-performance memory in horizontal organizations.