cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talmud Study, Ethics and Social Policy: A Case Study in the Laws of Wage-Payment as an Argument for Neo-Lamdanut

From Jesus and Paul down to the present, critics have long argued that the Talmudic tradition contorts Biblical commandments into a complex maze of rules, sub-rules and exceptions that looses touch with ethical spirit and purpose that underlie the Bible’s legislation. By taking a deep dive into the Jewish legal analysis of the laws of worker’s wage-payments (halanat schar sachir), this article investigates the gap between legal rules, moral intuitions and social policy in a discrete area of Jewish law (halakhah). As a case-study, the wage-payment laws offer an example of halakhah that should be easy to assess from an ethical and comparative perspective. Wage-payment undoubtedly qualifies as one of the Bible’s “rational” commandments that is intended to ameliorate the plight of downtrodden workers, and which finds expression in other legal systems. Nevertheless, examination of the sources shows that even in the “easy” case of wage-payment, Talmudic elaboration yields a number of incongruous rules which challenge the law’s apparent purpose. The article surveys the four prevailing methods employed to deal with this tension. First, the medieval rationalizers who explicitly worked to fit halakhah into a philosophical and ethical framework. Second, the classical lamdanim (analytic formalists) who denied that any such gap exists, since they held that the study of halakhah requires sublimating any ethical critique or jurisprudential comparisons. Third, the aggadic pietists who argued that halakhah must be buttressed by aggadic conceptions of piety and righteousness. Fourth, authorities from different eras who tended to implicitly mediate such tensions though acts of legal interpretation, though rarely confronted such question directly. The article concludes by pointing to an emerging trend termed neo-lamdanut, which aims to affirmatively employs ethical and jurisprudential analysis, yet insists that halakhic inquiry remain centered on the analytic and doctrinal material that typifies is classical sources.
Urodynamics in Spinal Shock Patients

AbstractWe investigated 17 spinal shock patients with traumatic complete cord lesions with cystometry, urethral pressure profile, anal and rectal pressure recordings, and electromyography of the pelvic floor sphincters. Bladder filling was accompanied by an elevation of resistance in the bladder neck area, with a concomitant increase of pressure in the external sphincter zone but without a simultaneous increase of the electromyographic activity. These results indicate an increased sympathetic activity in the smooth muscle component of the entire urethra. In the majority of patients the continuous withdrawal pressure profile had higher values in the membranous urethra than the interrupted withdrawal pressure profile, revealing the importance of sensory afferents from the urethral mucosal receptors in producing artifactual reflex activity in the pelvic floor muscles. In the majority of interrupted withdrawal urethral pressure profiles higher pressures were recorded in the juxtabulbous region than in the mid...
Development and Mechanism of an Enantioselective Bromocycloetherification Reaction via Lewis Base/Chiral Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalysis

The development of a binary catalyst system for bromocycloetherification, consisting of an achiral Lewis base and a chiral Bronsted acid, is described in detail. The results of preliminary kinetic studies are also presented.
Workload-driven learning of mallows mixtures with pairwise preference data

In this paper we present a framework for learning mixtures of Mallows models from large samples of incomplete preferences. The problem we address is of significant practical importance in social choice, recommender systems, and other domains where it is required to aggregate, or otherwise analyze, preferences of a heterogeneous user base. We improve on state-of-the-art methods for learning mixtures of Mallows models with pairwise preference data. Exact sampling from the Mallows posterior in presence of arbitrary pairwise evidence is known to be intractable even for a single Mallows. This motivated to the development of an approximate sampler called AMP. In this paper we propose AMPx, an ensemble method for approximate sampling from the Mallows posterior that combines AMP with frequency-based estimation of posterior probabilities. We experimentally demonstrate that AMPx achieves faster convergence and higher accuracy than AMP alone. We also adapt state-of-the-art clustering techniques that have not been used in this setting, for learning parameters of the Mallows mixture, and show experimentally that mixture parameters can be learned accurately and efficiently.
A Wearable Electrochemical Platform for Noninvasive Simultaneous Monitoring of Ca2+ and pH

Homeostasis of ionized calcium in biofluids is critical for human biological functions and organ systems. Measurement of ionized calcium for clinical applications is not easily accessible due to its strict procedures and dependence on pH. pH balance in body fluids greatly affects metabolic reactions and biological transport systems. Here, we demonstrate a wearable electrochemical device for continuous monitoring of ionized calcium and pH of body fluids using a disposable and flexible array of Ca2+ and pH sensors that interfaces with a flexible printed circuit board. This platform enables real-time quantitative analysis of these sensing elements in body fluids such as sweat, urine, and tears. Accuracy of Ca2+ concentration and pH measured by the wearable sensors is validated through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique and a commercial pH meter, respectively. Our results show that the wearable sensors have high repeatability and selectivity to the target ions. Real-time on-body assessment...
Factors Associated with Self-Reported Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 18 Years and Older in the United States.

In 2016, an estimated 4120 women will die as a result of cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women 18 years of age and older in the United States (U.S.). Using the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, women over the age of 18 in the U.S. were examined to assess factors associated with cervical cancer screening. Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.2. Of the 272,692 study participants, 258,496 (95 %) had obtained cervical cancer screening. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, being non-Hispanic White, Hispanic or Latino, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, in the age group 18–44 years and 75 years and above, having less than a high school education and an annual household income of less than a $25,000, having never married, and residing in the West region of the U.S. reduced the likelihood of participation in cervical cancer screening. Also, after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, being between the ages of 45–74 years of age, having more than a high school education, having a higher income, and residing in the South region of the U.S. increased the likelihood of participation in cervical cancer screening. The results of this study suggest that socio-demographic factors and region of residence are predictors of cervical cancer screening. These findings highlight the need to identify potential prevention strategies to promote cervical cancer screening among at-risk populations and groups.
Narrators and Narrative in the Philoctetes of Sophocles

According to Proclus, the story of the bowman Philoctetes' return to Troy from his solitude on Lemnos appeared in the Little Iliad. In terms of the overall history of the war, the event occurs relatively late—shortly before the destruction of the city; indeed, according to the oracle of Helenus which inspired the recovery expedition to Lemnos, it seems to have been necessary to the success of the Greek war-effort. In terms of the epic tradition, it can be seen as something of a watershed, standing between a glorious, but unsuccessful, past and a successful, but somewhat ambivalent, future, recorded in the Iliou Persis.Sophocles' play looks both forward to and back at the war in which it is situated. Neoptolemus and Odysseus, the men chosen to retrieve the great bow of Heracles and its current owner, Philoctetes, anticipate the glory that will belong to the destroyers of Troy. They also together concoct a manipulative account of the recent past—a version clearly at odds with familiar epics. The purpose of this account—narrated by Neoptolemus— appears to have been to win Philoctetes' trust and sympathy, and so to induce him to hand over the bow of his own accord. At first this bow seems to be the primary focus of the conspirators' designs, although eventually it becomes clear that Philoctetes himself also will be needed at Troy. Philoctetes hands Neoptolemus the bow when he falls ill, but shortly afterwards Neoptolemus explains the true reason for his arrival on Lemnos, and later returns the bow to Philoctetes. Neoptolemus' gradually emerging scruples are the obvious cause of this breakdown in the plot. He reclaims the heroic tradition of his father, Achilles, and rejects Odysseus' trickery.
Insights into Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations of Peptide-Membrane Interactions

High performance computing (HPC) is essential in order to perform detailed MD simulations that allow for mechanistic insight into many diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is primarily caused by the Aβ(42) peptide. MD simulations of a toxic (human Aβ(42)) and non-toxic (rat Aβ(42)) were performed in physiologically-relevant membrane environment conditions (310 K, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7) to assess differences in toxicity to membranes relevant to AD. The simulation results were processed with open tools and the results rendered with a raytracer. This paper describes the background science and the visualization techniques used to produce the accompanying video and compare the mechanisms of amyloid activity.
Effect of Yoga practice on reducing cognitive-motor interference for improving dynamic balance control in healthy adults

Abstract Objective The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of Yoga on reducing cognitive-motor interference (CMI) for maintaining balance control during varied balance tasks. Method Yoga (N = 10) and age-similar non-practitioners (N = 10) performed three balance tasks including the Limits of Stability test (LOS – Intentional balance), Motor Control test (MCT – Reactive balance), and Sensory Organization Test (SOT –condition 6: inducing both somatosensory and visual conflicts) under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT, addition of a cognitive working memory task) conditions. The motor performance was assessed by recording the response time (RT) and movement velocity (MV) of the center of pressure (CoP) on LOS test, weight symmetry (WS) of CoP on the MCT test and equilibrium (EQ) of CoP on the SOT test. Cognitive performance was recorded as the number of correct responses enumerated in sitting (ST) and under DT conditions. The Motor cost (MC) and cognitive cost (CC) were computed using the formula ([ST-DT]/ST)*100 for all the variables. Greater cost indicates lower performance under DT versus ST condition. Results The Yoga group showed a significantly lesser MC for both MCT and SOT tests (p Conclusion Results suggest that Yoga practice can significantly reduce CMI by improving allocation and utilization of attentional resources for both balance control and executive cognitive functioning; thus resulting in better performance under DT conditions.
Connecting the dots to infer followers' topical interest on Twitter

Twitter provides a platform for information sharing and diffusion, and has quickly emerged as a mechanism for organizations to engage with their consumers. A driving factor for engagement is providing relevant and timely content to users. We posit that the engagement via tweets offers a good potential to discover user interests and leverage that information to target specific content of interest. To that end, we have developed a framework that analyzes tweets to identify the interests of current followers and leverages topic models to deliver a personalized topic profile for each user. We validated our framework by partnering up with a local media company and analyzing the content gap between them and their followers. We also developed a mobile application that incorporates the proposed framework.
The yield of initial conventional MRI in 115 cases of angiographically confirmed spinal vascular malformations.

MRI is the primary screening tool for patients with myelopathy. The decision to obtain additional imaging, notably spinal angiography, is generally based on initial MRI findings. This study retrospectively analyzed the yield of initial MRI in a cohort of patients with angiographically confirmed vascular malformations. MRI obtained at symptom onset was available in 115 patients with either high-flow (29 cases) or low-flow (86 cases) vascular malformations. MRI was classified as “positive” when the report mentioned a vascular malformation or “negative” when considered normal or when another diagnosis was suggested. Initial MRI was positive in 61 patients (53.0%), correctly identifying 28 high-flow (96.6%) but only 33 low-flow (38.4%) lesions. Flow voids were noted in 96.6% of the high-flow lesions and 38.4% of the low-flow ones. T2-signal anomalies (77.4%) and parenchymal enhancement (54.5%) were also common in low-flow anomalies. Patients with negative MRI had an average delay of 111 days before angiography and 239 days before therapy; these intervals were 27 and 76 days for those with positive MRIs. In summary, MRI shows a high yield for high-flow vascular malformations, i.e., characterized by prominent flow voids on T2-weighted images, but misdiagnosed over 60% of low-flow lesions. The percentage of correctly identified anomalies matched the percentage of observed flow voids in both groups, indicating over-reliance on this sign for the diagnosis of slow-flow lesions. MRI findings in slow-flow vascular malformation overlap with other conditions, notably transverse myelitis, which was initially misattributed to 40% of the slow-flow lesions in our cohort.
Prostate cancer: Clinical hallmarks in whole cancer genomes.

Fraser and colleagues describe the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) profiles of over 200 localized intermediate-risk prostate cancers. WGS has been widely used in research but not, thus far, in clinical settings. Herein, we consider the possible use of WGS in the field of precision oncology.
Using an Evidence-Based Approach for Assessing and Identifying Delirium Among Medical-Surgical Patients in the Acute Care Setting

Objective: The scholarship of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) is crucial in the use of evidence-based practice to address clinical gaps in practice. The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a literature supported tool for the assessment of delirium. Registered nurses (RNs) were educated on the application of the CAM for their patients. Method: RNs on two medical-surgical units received education about delirium and use of the CAM. The CAM tool was used for 2 weeks on all admitted patients. Result: There was an 11% increase in knowledge gained during the educational sessions. There were 15 patients identified with a suggestive diagnosis of delirium via the CAM during a 2-week period. Conclusion: Using evidence-based practice to solve clinical problems enhances quality of life. Prompt identification of delirium can help to reverse delirium and adverse sequelae.
Abstract WP388: Clinically Focused Stroke Coordinator: How to Successfully Contact All Patients Post Hospitalization at the Highest Target

Background: Stroke coordinator roles often involve quality data collection and compliance with standards to maintain certification, yet have limited clinical patient contact. Implementing a Clinica...
Pressure-volume-temperature and internal energy data for helium from 4·2 to 20° K between 100 and 1300 atm

Summary A constant volume calorimeter was constructed and twelve isochors were determined. The internal energies for each of the isochors were determined. A constant volume gas thermometer was used for temperature measurements. The data were used to evaluate the pressure-temperature curve for melting, the derivative (δ p /δT) v , the specific heat at constant volume, the volumes of saturated fluid and solid, and the latent heat of melting. The data were compared with existing data and thermo-dynamic consistency was examined.
Neuroradiology of Ocular and Orbital Tumors

This chapter on neuroradiology for ophthalmologic tumors discusses the basic utilization of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of lesions involving the globe and orbit. The protocol for these techniques, relevant imaging anatomy, and imaging features of the more common ophthalmologic tumors are discussed. The common radiographic features of ocular lesions, such as retinoblastoma, melanoma, and uveal metastases, as well as orbital lesions, including lymphoma, rhabdomysarcoma, nerve sheath tumors, fibrous lesions, and orbital pseudotumors are discussed. Lesions of the optic nerve, including glioma and meningioma, are also covered. The final section discusses radiographic findings for lesions of the lacrimal gland, secondary spread of tumors to the orbit and periocular region, and cutaneous lesions of the periocular region, including perineural tumor spread.
Quantization of Rotatory Motion

Composite submicroscopic particles, such as molecules, atoms, or nuclei, exhibit not only motion from place to place (translation), but also internal motions that may be classified as rotations and vibrations. Each kind of movement is presumably governed by a state function whose form depends on the energy associated with the movement. When this energy is independent of the energies associated with the other motions, the corresponding state function is independent.
The Role of Feedback in Communication

Most of us have a reasonably good idea of the role of feedback in control systems. One can drive from Boston to New York with one’s eyes open, but not with them closed. Feedback not only makes driving simpler, it makes it possible. Recursive corrections are easier than open loop corrections.
Causal pathways of rational action

A proper characterization of a rational agent's actions involves much more than simply recounting the changes in the world affected by the agent. It should also include an explanatory account connecting the upshots of an agent's actions with the reasons behind those actions, where those upshots might represent actual changes (either intentional or unintentional) or merely counterfactual possibilities. The conventional view of action makes it difficult to distinguish, inter alia, cases of attempts, accidents, coercions, or failures — such distinctions useful to agents engaged in recognizing or assigning responsibility for actions. Such a view also makes the characterization of actions that do not involve physical change, such as maintenance events, difficult, as well as the proper representation of negative actions; the latter commonly appearing in explanations and as objects of an agent's intentions. In this paper, I present a formal analysis of these sorts of actions in terms of the causal pathways joining an agent's intentions with his actions.
Abstract 2410: RIPK1-mediated induction of mitophagy compromises the viability of extracellular matrix-detached cells

For cancer cells to survive during ECM-detachment, they must inhibit anoikis and rectify metabolic deficiencies that cause non-apoptotic cell death. Previous studies in ECM-detached cells have linked non-apoptotic cell death to ROS generation, although the mechanistic underpinnings of this link remain poorly defined. Here, we uncover a novel role for receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) in the modulation of mitochondrial ROS levels and cell viability during ECM-detachment. We find that RIPK1 activation during ECM-detachment results in the induction of PINK1-dependent mitophagy through a mechanism requiring the mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5. As a consequence of mitophagy induction, ECM-detached cells experience diminished IDH2-mediated NADPH production in the mitochondria and the subsequent elevation in mitochondrial ROS levels leads to non-apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we find that antagonizing RIPK1 or PGAM5 enhances tumor formation in vivo. Intriguingly, upon mining a meta-analysis of published lung cancer patient microarray data sets, we find that low RIPK1 expression in lung cancer patients correlates with decreased overall and progression-free survival. Thus, RIPK1-mediated induction of mitophagy may be an efficacious target for novel therapeutics aimed at specifically eliminating ECM-detached cancer cells and deterring tumor progression. Citation Format: Mark A. Hawk, Zachary T. Schafer. RIPK1-mediated induction of mitophagy compromises the viability of extracellular matrix-detached cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2410.
Axisymmetric rim instability of water droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface

Fingering of an inviscid liquid droplet upon impact on a super-hydrophobic surface is revisited. Generation of coronal fingers is investigated here using a transverse rim instability analysis based on the toroidal curvature of rim, instead of the linear front assumption in the classical Rayleigh-Plateau (R-P) model. The governing equations are formulated from the first principles and solved numerically. For a droplet with a known volume and impact velocity, the model predicts the number of spires upon impact, k. Here k is found to be the largest wave number with a positive growth rate on the droplet rim and is shown to be in the order of (Weber)3/5. The theoretical model is consistent with our water droplet experiments for 60 < We < 160, superseding the R-P prediction.
Project GOLD: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention for heterosexually-active black youth.

Black youth account for the largest number of new HIV infections among heterosexual youth. Mental illness and difficulties in emotion regulation contribute to increased reports of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk-related sexual behaviors in this group. Yet limited interventions exist to address this affective component of the sexual decision-making process. The purpose of this paper was to describe the trial design, research challenges, and baseline characteristics from a study designed to fill this gap. Project GOLD was a pilot randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational HIV/STI prevention intervention designed to address the role of mental illness and emotion regulation in HIV/STI risk among heterosexually-active Black youth aged 14 to 17 (N = 108). Challenges encountered in the research process warrant further attention in future research (e.g., disagreement among the regulatory bodies on parental permission requirements). The most common mental health diagnoses were Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (15.7%) and current substance abuse (7.4%). Participants reported higher levels of emotional suppression, and adaptive methods of emotion management, than culturally inappropriate expressions of anger or sadness. They also reported a mean age of 13.6 at first vaginal sex, used condoms 66% of the time for vaginal sex, and had an average of three sexual partners in the past 6 months. More than one-quarter (26.9%) had sex with more than one person in the same day. These findings indicate intervention is crucial for this population. The forthcoming trial evaluation will indicate the promise of such interventions in reducing HIV/STI infections in this key population.
New hydrogen bonding motifs of phosphine oxides with a silanediol, a phenol, and chloroform

Abstract Three new hydrogen bonding motifs of phosphine oxides involving a silanol, a phenol, and chloroform are described. The single crystal X-ray structures, in combination with the NMR and IR data of the new adducts Ph3PO∙HOSiPh2OSiPh2OH·OPPh3, which features a linear Si–O–Si linkage, Cy3PO·HO(2,6-tBu2-4-Me(C6H2), and Cy3PO·HCCl3, are reported and discussed.
Extinction vortex dynamics of top predators isolated by urbanization

Extinction risk is elevated in small, isolated populations due to demographic and genetic interactions. Therefore, it is critical to model these processes realistically in population viability analyses (PVA) to inform local management and contribute to a greater understanding of mechanisms within the extinction vortex. We conducted PVA's for two small mountain lion populations isolated by urbanization in southern California to predict population growth, extinction probability, and loss of genetic diversity with empirical data. Specifically, we (1) provide the first PVA for isolated mountain lions in the Santa Ana Mountains (SAM) that considers both demographic and genetic risk factors and (2) test the hypothesis that variation in abundance and mortality between the SAM and Santa Monica Mountains (SMM) result in differences in population growth, loss of heterozygosity, and extinction probability. Our models predicted 16-21% probability of local extinction in the SAM due purely to demographic processes over 50 yr with current low levels or no immigration. Our models also predicted that genetic diversity will further erode in the SAM such that concern regarding inbreeding depression is warranted unless gene flow is increased, and that if inbreeding depression occurs, rapid local extinction will be highly likely. Dynamics of the two populations were broadly similar, but they also exhibited differences driven by larger population size and higher mortality in the SAM. Density-independent scenarios predicted a rapidly increasing population in the SMM, whereas growth potential did not differ from a stable trend in the SAM. Demographic extinction probability and loss of heterozygosity were greater in the SMM for density-dependent scenarios without immigration. However, higher levels of immigration had stronger, positive influences on both demographic viability and retention of genetic diversity in the SMM driven by lower abundance and higher adult survival. Our results elucidate demographic and genetic threats to small populations within the extinction vortex, and how these vary relative to demographic structure. Importantly, simulating seemingly attainable increases in connectivity was sufficient to greatly reduce extinction probability. Our work highlights that conservation of large carnivores is achievable within urbanized landscapes, but requires land protection, connectivity, and strategies to promote coexistence with humans.
An epigenetic landscape governs early fate decision in cellular aging

Abstract Chromatin instability and mitochondrial decline are conserved processes that contribute to cellular aging. Although both processes have been explored individually in the context of their distinct signaling pathways, the mechanism that determines which cell fate arises in isogenic cells is unknown. Here, we show that interactions between the chromatin silencing and mitochondrial pathways lead to an epigenetic landscape with multiple equilibrium states that represent different types of terminal cellular states. Interestingly, the structure of the landscape drives single-cell differentiation towards one of these states during aging, whereby the fate is determined quite early and is insensitive to intracellular noise. Guided by a quantitative model of the aging landscape, we genetically engineer a new “long-lived” equilibrium state that is characterized by a dramatically extended lifespan.
Autonomy in the Family

Scholars largely support the concept of choice in family form. But while scholars largely agree on this abstract goal, they do not agree on which legal rules best further that end. Take the issue of economic rights for nonmarital partners. The conventional doctrine treats nonmarital partners as legal strangers. No rights arise out of their relationship. Like other legal strangers, they can alter this default rule by entering into an agreement to share. But unless they do so, the parties have no obligations to each other. The dominant scholarly defense of this rule sounds in the register of family autonomy, that is, respect for choice in family form. This Article accomplishes two key goals. First, it offers a novel lens through which to reconsider how best to promote meaningful choice in family form. By carefully mining another area of nonmarriage law, the law of nonmarital parentage, this Article demonstrates that the conventional doctrine undermines rather than furthers that goal. To make that choice a meaningful one, the law must recognize and respect a range of different types of families that people have chosen to create. Second, this Article draws on nonmarital parentage law, as well as the almost entirely overlooked body of what I call “interstitial marriage cases,” to demonstrate that courts are capable of applying more capacious rules that give effect to chosen families. In this way, marriage-related developments can be utilized to expand rather than to forestall the law of nonmarriage.
Reflection or Refusal? A Response to Hilton Kelly’s 2018 AESA Presidential Address

This short article responds to Hilton Kelly’s 2018 Presidential Address to the American Educational Studies Association (AESA). Although applauding Kelly’s provocative call for a moratorium on publ...
Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury During High-dose Chemotherapy and Outcomes for Patients With Relapsed Germ Cell Tumors.

Abstract Background Patients with relapsed germ cell tumors (GCTs) can be cured with salvage chemotherapy. We evaluated the risk factors and outcomes of patients who had developed acute kidney injury (AKI) during high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for relapsed GCT. Patients and Methods All patients were scheduled to receive 2 consecutive courses of HDCT per our standard protocol. The characteristics and outcomes of the patients with stage ≥ 3 AKI were analyzed and compared with those without stage ≥ 3 AKI. Results Of 462 patients, 21 (4.5%) developed stage ≥ 3 AKI. Of these 21 patients, 18 had required hemodialysis during HDCT and 6 had died during HDCT. Of the 15 patients who had survived HDCT, 10 experienced recovery of renal function to baseline. AKI had occurred in the first cycle of HDCT in 18 patients. These patients were also more likely to have received HDCT in a third-line setting or further, to have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1 or 2, and to have experienced gastrointestinal, hepatic, pulmonary, and infectious grade ≥ 3 toxicities. At a median follow-up of 10 months after HDCT, 5 patients had no evidence of disease, 3 were alive with disease, 6 had died of disease, 6 had died of complications from HDCT, and 1 had been lost to follow-up. Conclusions Irreversible AKI during HDCT for relapsed GCT is uncommon but is associated with greater rates of infectious, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary complications and treatment-related death. These patients were also more heavily pretreated and had a lower baseline performance status. However, most surviving patients had recovered their renal function and 5 of 21 were alive with no evidence of disease.
Probabilistic Auto-Encoder

We introduce the probabilistic auto-encoder (PAE), a generative model with a lower dimensional latent space that is based on an auto-encoder which is interpreted probabilistically after training using a normalizing flow. The PAE is fast and easy to train, achieves small reconstruction errors, high sample quality and good performance in downstream tasks. Compared to a VAE and its common variants, the PAE trains faster, reaches a lower reconstruction error and produces state of the art sample quality without requiring special tuning parameters or training procedures. We further demonstrate that the PAE is a powerful model for performing the downstream tasks of outlier detection and probabilistic image reconstruction: 1) We identify a PAE-based outlier detection metric which achieves state of the art results and outperforms other likelihood based estimators. 2) We perform high dimensional data inpainting and denoising with uncertainty quantification by means of posterior analysis in the PAE latent space. Most generative models are specifically tuned to excel in one or two applications. With the PAE we introduce an easy-to-train, simple, but at the same time powerful model that performs well and reliably in many tasks without requiring special fine-tuning or training procedures. We make all PAE codes publicly available.
S1 Domain RNA-Binding Protein CvfD Is a New Posttranscriptional Regulator That Mediates Cold Sensitivity, Phosphate Transport, and Virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39.

ABSTRACT Posttranscriptional gene regulation often involves RNA-binding proteins that modulate mRNA translation and/or stability either directly through protein-RNA interactions or indirectly by facilitating the annealing of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs). The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 (pneumococcus) does not encode homologs to RNA-binding proteins known to be involved in promoting sRNA stability and function, such as Hfq or ProQ, even though it contains genes for at least 112 sRNAs. However, the pneumococcal genome contains genes for other RNA-binding proteins, including at least six S1 domain proteins: ribosomal protein S1 (rpsA), polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpA), RNase R (rnr), and three proteins with unknown functions. Here, we characterize the function of one of these conserved, yet uncharacterized, S1 domain proteins, SPD_1366, which we have renamed CvfD (conserved virulence factor D), since loss of the protein results in attenuation of virulence in a murine pneumonia model. We report that deletion of cvfD impacts the expression of 144 transcripts, including the pst1 operon, encoding phosphate transport system 1 in S. pneumoniae. We further show that CvfD posttranscriptionally regulates the PhoU2 master regulator of the pneumococcal dual-phosphate transport system by binding phoU2 mRNA and impacting PhoU2 translation. CvfD not only controls expression of phosphate transporter genes but also functions as a pleiotropic regulator that impacts cold sensitivity and the expression of sRNAs and genes involved in diverse cellular functions, including manganese uptake and zinc efflux. Together, our data show that CvfD exerts a broad impact on pneumococcal physiology and virulence, partly by posttranscriptional gene regulation. IMPORTANCE Recent advances have led to the identification of numerous sRNAs in the major human respiratory pathogen S. pneumoniae. However, little is known about the functions of most sRNAs or RNA-binding proteins involved in RNA biology in pneumococcus. In this paper, we characterize the phenotypes and one target of the S1 domain RNA-binding protein CvfD, a homolog of general stress protein 13 identified, but not extensively characterized, in other Firmicutes species. Pneumococcal CvfD is a broadly pleiotropic regulator, whose absence results in misregulation of divalent cation homeostasis, reduced translation of the PhoU2 master regulator of phosphate uptake, altered metabolism and sRNA amounts, cold sensitivity, and attenuation of virulence. These findings underscore the critical roles of RNA biology in pneumococcal physiology and virulence.
Optically addressable molecular spins for quantum information processing

Spin-bearing molecules are promising building blocks for quantum technologies as they can be chemically tuned, assembled into scalable arrays, and readily incorporated into diverse device architectures. In molecular systems, optically addressing ground-state spins would enable a wide range of applications in quantum information science, as has been demonstrated for solid-state defects. However, this important functionality has remained elusive for molecules. Here, we demonstrate such optical addressability in a series of synthesized organometallic, chromium(IV) molecules. These compounds display a ground-state spin that can be initialized and read out using light and coherently manipulated with microwaves. In addition, through atomistic modification of the molecular structure, we vary the spin and optical properties of these compounds, indicating promise for designer quantum systems synthesized from the bottom-up.
The Death of the Salesmen? Effect of B2B Online Channel Introduction on Offline Sales Performance

B2B markets are increasingly shifting toward online channels, but online transactions still only represent only a small fraction of total sales. This creates a hybrid channel, where some products exist in a multi-channel environment and others do not (i.e., offline exclusive, mixed channel, online exclusive). The implication of these hybrid environments on the sales transactions that remain offline is unknown and important strategic question for B2B firms. This paper explores this phenomenon by leveraging a unique market shock where a focal firm introduced an online sales channel for one of its two major product categories. One product category existed in a multi-channel environment whereas the other product category remained exclusively offline. The results demonstrate a critically important B2B phenomenon in regard to transactions; customers exposed to online product category were able to capture key pricing knowledge that allowed them to negotiate lower prices in the offline product category. This effect was exacerbated by customers with more product knowledge. However, the firm was able to win-back a portion of the margin loss by through stronger salesforce capabilities.
Diagnostic performance of 4D-CT in cases of Primary hyperparathyroidism with negative SPECT 99mTc Sestamibi scan

1162 Introduction: Diagnostic performance of 4D-CT in cases of Primary hyperparathyroidism with negative SPECT 99mTc Sestamibi scan Background: Pre-surgical localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland in cases of Primary hyperparathyroidism have shown improved clinical outcome [1]. 99mTc Sestamibi scans has been widely used for this purpose, however, it has moderate rate of false negative results [2] which limits its efficacy and makes treatment challenging. Lately, 4D-CT has emerged as a highly accurate modality in evaluation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. We assessed the performance of 4D-CT for localizing pathologically proved parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in scintigraphycally negative patients with hyperparathyroidism. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 cases with Primary hyperparathyroidism were retrospectively reviewed between January 2018 and October 2019 (5 males, 13 females, age 52 to 87), with PTH levels ranging from 81-1615 pg/mL). All cases had negative SPECT 99mTc Sestamibi scan (scans were performed with intravenous injection of 20-25 mCi of 99mTc Sestamibi, followed by SPECT imaging; 8 out of 18 cases had additional SPECT-CT imaging). Patients also had preoperative 4D-CT imaging for localization purpose. Correlation of results were made with postsurgical histopathology and sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 4D-CT imaging was determined. Results: In total 30 parathyroid glands were removed surgically, of which 28 were localized by 4D-CT. Histopathology of 22/30 glands demonstrated hyperplasia, 2/30 glands showed parathyroid adenoma, 4/30 glands demonstrated normal glandular formation and 2/30 glands were determined to be lymph nodes. All patients were followed up till date. 11/18 patients (61%) had improvement clinically and biochemically. Additionally, 4D-CT facilitated detection of multigland involvement, coexistent thyroid pathology and provided superior accuracy in patients with prior neck surgery. Conclusions: 4D-CT outperformed SPECT 99mTc Sestamibi imaging by accurately localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland/adenoma with sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 80%. Overall clinical improvement was seen in 61% of cases. Hence, this modality may allow for more robust diagnostic accuracy than traditional nuclear scintigraphy imaging techniques. References: 1.Concise parathyroidectomy: The impact of preoperative SPECT 99mTc sestamibi scanning and intraoperative quick parathormone assay, Sally E Carty, MD, FACS, M.Jonathan Worsey, MBBS, FRCS(Engl), Mohamed A Virji, MD, PhD, Manuel L Brown, MD, Charles G Watson, MD, FACS DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6060(97)90215-4. 2.The false negative technetium-99m-sestamibi scan in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: correlation with clinical factors and operative findings. Merlino JI1, Ko K, Minotti A, McHenry CR, Am Surg. 2003 Mar;69(3):225-9; discussion 229-30.
Characteristics and risk factors for 90-day readmission following shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse TSA are the standard of care for end-stage shoulder arthritis. Advancements in implant design, perioperative management, and patient selection have allowed shorter inpatient admissions. Unplanned readmissions remain a significant complication. Identification of risk factors for readmission is prudent as physicians and payers prepare for the adoption of bundled care reimbursement models. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics and risk factors associated with readmission following shoulder arthroplasty using a large, bi-institutional cohort. Methods A total of 2805 anatomic TSAs and 2605 reverse TSAs drawn from 2 geographically diverse, tertiary health systems were examined for unplanned inpatient readmissions within 90 days following the index operation (primary outcome). Forty preoperative patient sociodemographic and comorbidity factors were tested for their significance using both univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, and backward stepwise elimination selected for the most important associations for 90-day readmission. Readmissions were characterized as either medical or surgical, and subgroup analysis was performed. A short length of stay (discharge by postoperative day 1) and discharge to a rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility were also examined as secondary outcomes. Parameters associated with increased readmission risk were included in a predictive model. Results Within 90 days of surgery, 175 patients (3.2%) experienced an unanticipated readmission, with no significant difference between institutions (P = .447). There were more readmissions for surgical complications than for medical complications (62.9% vs. 37.1%, P Conclusion Risk factors for unplanned 90-day readmission following shoulder arthroplasty include reverse shoulder arthroplasty, surgery for revision and fracture, and right-sided surgery. Additionally, there are several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that can be used to ascertain a patient’s readmission probability. A shorter inpatient stay is not associated with an increased risk of readmission, whereas discharge to post–acute care facilities does impose a greater risk of readmission. As scrutiny around health care cost increases, identifying and addressing risk factors for readmission following shoulder arthroplasty will become increasingly important.
Morphine-induced kinase activation and localization in the periaqueductal gray of male and female mice

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic with high propensity for the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Morphine antinociception and tolerance are partially regulated by the midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). However, the majority of research evaluating mu-opioid receptor signaling has focused on males. Here, we investigate kinase activation and localization patterns in the vlPAG following acute and chronic morphine treatment in both sexes. Male and female mice developed rapid antinociceptive tolerance to morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) on the hot plate assay, but tolerance did not develop in males on the tail flick assay. Quantitative fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to map and evaluate the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), protein kinase-C (PKC), and protein kinase-A (PKA). We observed significantly greater phosphorylated ERK 1/2 in the vlPAG of chronic morphine-treated animals which co-localized with the endosomal marker, Eea1. We note that pPKC is significantly elevated in the vlPAG of both sexes following chronic morphine treatment. We also observed that although PKA activity is elevated following chronic morphine treatment in both sexes, there is a significant reduction in the nuclear translocation of its phosphorylated substrate. Taken together, this study demonstrates increased activation of ERK 1/2, PKC, and PKA in response to repeated morphine treatment. The study opens avenues to explore the impact of chronic morphine treatment on G-protein signaling and kinase nuclear transport.
Cultivating change: an introduction and invitation to critical interpersonal and family communication pedagogy

bell hooks explains that “the classroom remains the most radical space of possibility in the academy,” and that through teaching, we can “provide students with ways of knowing that enable them to k...
Identifying redundancy in source code using fingerprints

A prototype implementation of a mechanism that uses fingerprints to identify exact repetitions of text in large program source trees has been built and successfully applied to a legacy source of over 300 megabytes. This prototype system has provided useful information as well as establishing the scalability of the technology. The approach will form the basis of a suite of tools for the visualization and understanding of programs and will complement other approaches currently under investigation.
Family values and the star phenomenon

We examine the extent to which a fund's cash flows are affected by the stellar performance of other funds in its family - and consequences of such spillovers. We show that star performance results in greater cash inflow to the fund and to other funds in its family. Moreover, families with higher variation in investment strategies across funds are shown to be more likely to generate star performance. We argue that spillovers may induce lower ability families to pursue star creating strategies. Consistent with our conjecture, families with high variation in investment strategies across funds significantly underperform low variation families.
Partial Optical Bleaching of Trapped Electrons in Glasses of 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran at 4° K and 77° K

The microscopic view of trapped electron concentration gradient established within a few molecular diameters of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran after partial bleaching is known to be considerably small that there will be essentially no effects on the relative distribution of electrons in the sample. A weakly bound excited state of trapped electrons in the system is deduced from the Arrhenius activation energies determined from the bleaching data.
Algorithms for the Automatic Design of Non-formal Urban Parks

We describe procedural methods we have developed to automatically create layouts for non-formal parks and gardens. Given the topography of the parkland, we have created algorithms for automatically creating lakes, bridges and paths. In particular, we have designed a novel efficient bridge-siting algorithm that selects n appropriate sites to build bridges across a park lake, where n is set by the user. As an extension, we have also developed a system to automatically create a layout for a Japanese-style garden within one second.