cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low Insertion-loss Stacked Transformers Using Tapered Spirals for High Performance RFICs

Spiral inductors with gradually varying width and space (taper) across the turns are known to have higher quality factor (Q). In this paper, for the first time, stacked transformers are shown to significantly benefit from tapered primary and secondary spirals. It is also revealed that tapered stacked transformers are more effective with increased primary/secondary spiral thickness. Prototype stacked transformers are fabricated using a $0.35 {\mu}{{\mathrm {m}}}$ BiCMOS technology with dual thick metal option. Measurements show Q improvements more than 21% (9.9 - 12.04) for primary, 20% (9.81 - 11.78) for secondary thereby resulting in 15% (1.07 - 0.91) reduction in insertion loss of the transformer.
CAPTAR: Causal-Polytree-based Anomaly Reasoning for SCADA Networks

The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is the most commonly used industrial control system but is subject to a wide range of serious threats. Intrusion detection systems are deployed to promote the security of SCADA systems, but they continuously generate tremendous number of alerts without further comprehending them. There is a need for an efficient system to correlate alerts and discover attack strategies to provide explainable situational awareness to SCADA operators. In this paper, we present a causal-polytree-based anomaly reasoning framework for SCADA networks, named CAPTAR. CAPTAR takes the meta-alerts from our previous anomaly detection framework EDMAND, correlates the them using a naive Bayes classifier, and matches them to predefined causal polytrees. Utilizing Bayesian inference on the causal polytrees, CAPTAR can produces a high-level view of the security state of the protected SCADA network. Experiments on a prototype of CAPTAR proves its anomaly reasoning ability and its capabilities of satisfying the real-time reasoning requirement.
Real-Time Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Adults: Implementation and Proof of Concept

Rationale & Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) is diagnosed based on changes in serum creatinine concentration, a late marker of this syndrome. Algorithms that predict elevated risk for AKI are of great interest, but no studies have incorporated such an algorithm into the electronic health record to assist with clinical care. We describe the experience of implementing such an algorithm. Study Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting & Participants 2,856 hospitalized adults in a single urban tertiary-care hospital with an algorithm-predicted risk for AKI in the next 24 hours>15%. Alerts were also used to target a convenience sample of 100 patients for measurement of 16 urine and 6 blood biomarkers. Exposure Clinical characteristics at the time of pre-AKI alert. Outcome AKI within 24 hours of pre-AKI alert (AKI24). Analytical Approach Descriptive statistics and univariable associations. Results At enrollment, mean predicted probability of AKI24 was 19.1%; 18.9% of patients went on to develop AKI24. Outcomes were generally poor among this population, with 29% inpatient mortality among those who developed AKI24 and 14% among those who did not (P 100 beats/min (32% of patients with AKI24 vs 24% without), and oxygen saturation Limitations Single-center study, reliance on serum creatinine level for AKI diagnosis, small number of patients undergoing biomarker evaluation. Conclusions A real-time AKI risk model was successfully integrated into the EHR.
Role of the Terrestrial Biosphere in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate

ConspectusThe terrestrial biosphere–atmosphere interface provides a key chemical, biological, and physical lower boundary for the atmosphere. The presence of vegetation itself modifies the physical...
Mosaicing of Dynamic Mesentery Video with Gradient Blending

In the aspect of medical imaging, it is crucial to obtain certain structures or even cellular features in microscopic resolution. Unfortunately, the field of view is inherently limited by the capability of capturing instruments. Thus, mosaicing of such microstructure is of utmost importance in order to restore original visual information for establishing broad structure morphology. Large panoramic images with microscopic resolution can be rewarding and practical for conducting comprehensive observation and exploration of the object of interest and surrounding biological structure. But mosaicing can be challenging if there are deformable, motion-blurred, textureless, feature-poor frames. Feature-based methods perform poorly in such cases for the lack of distinctive keypoints. Standard single block correlation matching strategies might not provide robust registration due to deformable content. In addition, the panorama suffers if there is motion blur present in a sequence. To handle these challenges, we propose a novel algorithm, Deformable Normalized Cross Correlation (DNCC) image matching with RANSAC to establish robust registration. Besides, to produce seamless panorama from motion-blurred frames we present gradient blending method based on image edge information. The DNCC algorithm is applied on Frog Mesentery sequences. Our result is compared with PSS/AutoStitch [1, 2] to establish the efficiency and robustness of the proposed DNCC method.
Development of a Novel, Potentially Universal Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Complications After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background As the prevalence of hip osteoarthritis increases, the number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures performed is also projected to increase. Accurately risk-stratifying patients who undergo THA would be of great utility, given the significant cost and morbidity associated with developing perioperative complications. We aim to develop a novel machine learning (ML)-based ensemble algorithm for the prediction of major complications after THA, as well as compare its performance against standard benchmark ML methods. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 89,986 adults who underwent primary THA at any California-licensed hospital between 2015 and 2017. The primary outcome was major complications (eg infection, venous thromboembolism, cardiac complication, pulmonary complication). We developed a model predicting complication risk using AutoPrognosis, an automated ML framework that configures the optimally performing ensemble of ML-based prognostic models. We compared our model with logistic regression and standard benchmark ML models, assessing discrimination and calibration. Results There were 545 patients who had major complications (0.61%). Our novel algorithm was well-calibrated and improved risk prediction compared to logistic regression, as well as outperformed the other four standard benchmark ML algorithms. The variables most important for AutoPrognosis (eg malnutrition, dementia, cancer) differ from those that are most important for logistic regression (eg chronic atherosclerosis, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Conclusion We report a novel ensemble ML algorithm for the prediction of major complications after THA. It demonstrates superior risk prediction compared to logistic regression and other standard ML benchmark algorithms. By providing accurate prognostic information, this algorithm may facilitate more informed preoperative shared decision-making.
Basic Angiography: Radiation Safety, Power Injector Use, and Image Intensifier Positioning

Radiation safety is critically important for both patients and healthcare staff during diagnostic and therapeutic angiography. As technology advances, improvements in fluoroscopy equipment have reduced radiation exposure, but procedures have become more complex, increasing fluoroscopy times. This chapter discusses radiation safety practices to employ during angiography, use of the power injector, and optimal positioning of the image intensifier.
US trends in binge drinking by gender, occupation, prestige, and work structure among adults in the midlife, 2006-2018.

ABSTRACT Background Rates of binge drinking have nearly doubled among US women ages 30–49 since 2006. Employment influences alcohol use and varies by the prestige and structure (e.g., authority, autonomy, expertise) of one's occupation. Methods We examined trends in binge drinking among adults ages 30–49 in the labor force in 2006–2018 National Health Interview Surveys (N = 108,981) by occupation, work prestige (General Social Survey's occupational prestige score), work structure (occupational authority, autonomy, automation, expertise), and gender. We estimated odds of binge drinking by year with survey-weighted logistic regression controlled for sociodemographics, smoking, and disability. Results In 2018, 30% of women and 43% of men reported binge drinking; drinking increased annually from 2006–2018 (OR for women = 1.08, OR for men = 1.03). Work status, prestige, and work structure modified the association. Women in high- (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.09–1.12) versus low-prestige (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06) jobs had higher increases, as did men in high-prestige jobs (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03–1.05). Respondents in higher relative to lower authority, autonomy, and expertise jobs increased binge drinking. Conclusions : Though all strata of workforce adults increased binge drinking, increases were concentrated among women in higher-status careers, implicating gendered shifts in labor as one determinant of recent national alcohol trends.
Screening for Dementia among Adults with Intellectual Disability: Outcomes from a Pilot Study

Screening for dementia among individuals with ID is important to identify individuals in need of care and support. The objective of this pilot study was to identify obstacles associated with screen...
Graham Spry and the Future of Public Broadcasting: The 1997 Spry Memorial Lecture

Abstract: Public broadcasting systems are in retreat across the planet. With the rise of multi-channel television systems and the Internet, many argue that public broadcasting is no longer necessary. I argue in this article that these arguments are wrong, and are based upon an inaccurate view of how and why public broadcasting developed as it did. In this article I chronicle the activities and arguments of Graham Spry and the other public broadcasting organizers in Canada in the 1930s, and their relationship with like-minded U.S. reformers who were engaged in a similar struggle at the same time. These advocates of public broadcasting saw it as a key aspect of a democratic society. In my view, this history sheds necessary light on the current dilemma concerning public broadcasting, and points the way toward a superior resolution to the current crisis. Resume: Les systemes de radiodiffusion publique battent en retraite partout sur la planete. Etant donne la montee dans le nombre de postes de television et de l'Internet, plusieurs affirment que la radiodiffusion publique n'est plus necessaire. Dans cet article, je soutiens au contraire que ces critiques ont tort, car ils se fondent sur une conception fautive des pourquoi et comment du developpement de la radiodiffusion publique. Je releve dans cet article les activites et les arguments de Graham Spry et d'autres organisateurs de la radiodiffusion publique au Canada aux annees 30, et leur rapport avec leurs homologues reformistes aux Etats-Unis qui s'etaient engages dans une lutte semblable au meme moment. Ces tenants de la radiodiffusion publique envisagerent celle-ci comme une composante cle d'une societe democratique. A mon avis, cette histoire eclaire le dilemme actuel concernant la radiodiffusion publique, et montre le chemin vers une resolution superieure de la crise actuelle.
Cytokine dysregulation induced by apoptotic cells is a shared characteristic of macrophages from nonobese diabetic and systemic lupus erythematosus-prone mice.

Macrophages from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which spontaneously develop type I diabetes, share a defect in elicited cytokine production with macrophages from multiple diverse strains of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone mice. We have previously shown that, in SLE-prone mice, this defect is triggered by exposure to apoptotic cells. We report in this work that macrophages from prediseased NOD mice also respond abnormally to apoptotic cells, mimicking closely the apoptotic cell-dependent abnormality that we have observed in multiple SLE-prone strains. This defect is characterized by the underexpression of IL-1β and multiple other cytokines. In the presence of apoptotic cells or FBS, elicited expression of IL-1β by NOD macrophages is markedly reduced compared with that by macrophages from control mice, including three strains of mice that develop type II (nonautoimmune) diabetes. Given the increasing role of apoptotic cells in tolerance and autoimmunity, a macrophage defect triggered by apoptotic cells has broad potential to upset the balance between tolerance and immunity. The concordance of this defect among so many diverse autoimmune-prone strains suggests that the genetic basis for this abnormality may constitute a permissive background for autoimmunity.
The Relationship between Life Satisfaction, Social Interest, and Frequency of Extracurricular Activities among Adolescent Students.

The relationship between life satisfaction, social interest, and participation in extracurricular activities was assessed among adolescent students. A total of 321 high school adolescents (Grades 9–12) were administered a multidimensional measure of life satisfaction and a scale that assessed social interest. Adolescents were also asked to list the number of extracurricular activities that they participated in since their enrollment in high school. Higher social interest was significantly related to higher levels of overall satisfaction, as well as satisfaction with friends and family. Significant race differences were noted. Adolescents who participated in greater numbers of structured extracurricular activities reported higher school satisfaction. The relationship between social interest and actual participation in extracurricular activities was negligible. Implications of these findings, as well as suggestions for future research are provided.
Population Changes and Persistence of Rhizobium phaseoli in Soil and Rhizospheres.

The impact of legume cultivation on the establishment and persistence of an inoculant strain of Rhizobium phaseoli and its ability to compete with a resident population of R. phaseoli for nodule occupancy was examined utilizing strain-specific fluorescent antibodies. The soil (Hubbard loamy sand) was inoculated homogeneously with 5 × 105 cells per g of soil and confined in plastic cylinders kept in field plots. Inoculated and uninoculated cylinders were either left fallow or planted to two seeds of legumes. Two hosts, navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Seafarer and snap bean cv. Picker, as well as a nonhost, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Wilkin, were used. Inoculant Viking 1 was highly stimulated in all three rhizospheres sampled at 6 (flowering), 10 (podfill), and 17 (decay) weeks and in the following spring, whereas counts in fallow soil decreased rapidly. Although the overwintering population remained highest in the vicinity of decaying host roots, Viking 1 persisted, even in fallow soil, to produce abundant nodulation of host plants the following spring. Viking 1 was an excellent competitor for nodulation sites on the roots of the hosts; it thoroughly outcompeted the resident population of R. phaseoli, occupying virtually 100% of the nodules under inoculated conditions in all experiments.
School Perceptions of Truant Adolescent Girls.

Due to increased misbehavior by girls there is a growing need to understand these students. Knowing how behavior-problem girls perceive school is necessary for effective educational programming. To...
Signal transduction by prolactin receptors

Abstract The pleiotropic actions of prolactin (PRL) are mediated by its receptor, PRL receptor (PRL-R), which is a member of the hematopoietin cytokine receptor superfamily. PRL can act either as an endocrine hormone secreted by the pituitary or as a local cytokine produced in many extra-pituitary sites. Signaling from the PRL-R mediates the numerous biological activities of PRL, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell survival. The focus of this review is on PRL-R signaling as part of a proliferation pathway to regulate the expression of a target gene, the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). PRL is involved in not only positive but also negative regulatory signaling to the IRF-1 gene. In understanding this process, we obtained insights into how PRL signaling cross talks with TNFα signaling in regulating target gene expression.
Rancid flavor of milk: relationship of acid degree value, free fatty acids, and sensory perception

Acid degree value (ADV) as determined by the standard method, free fatty acid profile, and sensory analyses by a trained panel (n = 5) using magnitude estimation were used as measures of intensity of rancid flavor in milk. The correlation between ADV and rancidity scores was 0.13 (p = 0.16). Laboratory-prepared rancid samples were assigned higher rancidity scores than farm-collected milk samples with similar ADV. Rancidity scores and ADV increased with storage time. Major free fatty acid concentrations increased as ADV increased (r = 0.93, p = 0.0001) for farm milk samples but correlation was low (r = 0.27, p = 0.40) for laboratory-prepared rancid samples.
A Qualitative Study of Methamphetamine Users’ Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators of Drug Abstinence

To better understand methamphetamine (MA) use patterns and the process of recovery, qualitative interviews were conducted with adult MA users (n = 20), comparing a sample that received substance abuse treatment with those who had not received treatment. Respondents provided detailed information on why and how they changed from use to abstinence and factors they considered to be barriers to abstinence. Audio recordings and transcripts were reviewed for common themes. Participants reported a range of mild/moderate to intensely destructive problems, including loss of important relationships and profound changes to who they felt they were at their core; e.g., "I didn't realize how dark and mean I was … I was like a different person." Initial abstinence was often facilitated by multiple external forces (e.g., drug testing, child custody issues, prison, relocation), but sustained abstinence was attributed to shifts in thinking and salient realizations about using. The treatment group reported using more and different resources to maintain their abstinence than the no-treatment group. Findings indicate individualized interventions and multiple, simultaneous approaches and resources were essential in reaching stable abstinence. Understanding long-term users' experiences with MA use, addiction, and abstinence can inform strategies for engaging and sustaining MA users in treatment and recovery.
PLS quantitative infrared analysis of cocaine with diffuse-reflectance sampling

A procedure has been developed to determine the concentration of cocaine HCl in sugar matrices. Partial least squares (PLS) quantitative software was used to calibrate 100 - 0% cocaine in inositol, dextrose, lactose, and mannitol. Calibration correlation coefficients ranged from 0.999 to 0.977 depending on the frequency range and the standards used.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interflections in Peaked Ceilings

Abstract A solution to the interflection problem in rooms lit by peaked ceilings is investigated. The integral equation for interflections in the peaked ceiling is formulated. A method of solving the integral equation by employing linear approximations is developed. This shows that uniform incident light on the peaked ceiling will result in nonuniformity. An equation is derived which gives the degree of nonuniformity in the incident light required for a uniform ceiling. The actual incident distribution of light from fluorescent lamps is expressed simply in prolate spheroidal coordinates.
The role of Ifng in alterations in liver gene expression in a mouse model of fulminant autoimmune hepatitis.

Background/aims BALB/c mice with a homozygous deficiency in the Tgfb1 gene are a model of fulminant autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), spontaneously and rapidly developing Th1-mediated IFN-gamma-dependent necroinflammatory liver disease. We sought to understand the molecular basis for fulminant Th1 liver disease and the specific role of the Ifng gene. Methods Global gene expression in livers from BALB/c Tgfb1(-/-) mice with and without an intact Ifng gene was assessed by microarray analysis. Expression patterns were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology clustering analysis was performed to identify altered pathways. The contributions of Ifng to altered expression pathways were quantified. Results Over 100 genes were strongly (>10-fold) upregulated, most encoding proteins involved in immune function/response. Chemokines were the most prominently upregulated group, with eight chemokine genes upregulated >10-fold. Ifng was necessary for the upregulation of CXC chemokines gene, but not of CC chemokine genes. By quantitative analysis, Ifng's role in liver gene upregulation varied greatly among overexpressed genes. Conclusions Gene expression changes indicate a particularly important and heretofore unappreciated role for chemokines in fulminant AIH. Ifng has an important role in expression of some but not all genes. Ifng is dichotomous in the regulation of distinct chemokine subfamilies: specifically, Ifng is critical for overexpression of specific CXCL genes but dispensable for overexpression of specific CCL genes. These results provide a clearer understanding of the role of Ifng in the molecular basis of necroinflammatory liver disease.
An Isserlis’ Theorem for Mixed Gaussian Variables: Application to the Auto-Bispectral Density

This work derives a version of Isserlis’ theorem for the specific case of four mixed-Gaussian random variables. The theorem is then used to derive an expression for the auto-bispectral density for quadratically nonlinear systems driven with mixed-Gaussian iid noise.
Swimming With the Current

Having accepted Richard Hellie's flattering invitation to prepare an "old geezer's memoir" for this journal, I read with special fascination those contributed in 1988-90 by Sam Baron, Bob Byrnes, Nick Riasanovsky, and Don Treadgold. They bear out what Horace Lunt said in the Summer 1987 Slavic Review: The story of the Slavic field in North America since World War II is complex as well as important, and those who know about various parts of it should publish their recollections while they can. Even we old-timers sometimes need to be reminded how much we depend today on structures that are new since we began our own professional lives: big centers of Russian studies and big libraries to back them up; foundations that care about our field; the USDE's Title VI and the State Department's Title VIII programs; the AAASS and its affiliates with their conventions; the NEH; NCSEER, IREX, the Kennan Institute; vital tools like the CDSP, ABSEES, and guides to archives; and Radio Liberty, the CIA, and other govemment and non-government agencies doing important research and publication in our field. My assignment here is to tell my own story, with particular attention to one of those teaching and research institutions in which I have had a hand: the University of Illinois's Russian and East European Center and its affiliated Slavic and East European Library, in the prairie towns of Champaign and Urbana. I hope to convey what I experienced as someone who in youth did not-unlike some of my colleagues-seem to be pointed toward academic life, but was swept along in directions he did not foresee.
On reduced thue systems

The following problem is shown to be undecidable: Given a reduced finite Thue systemS over an alphabet Σ with |Σ| = 2, isS equivalent to a finite Church-Rosser system?
Use And Assessment Of Complementary And Alternative Therapies By Intravenous Drug Users

Intravenous drug users often have many health conditions in addition to their drug addiction, yet may be isolated from conventional sources of care. They have never before been examined for their use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies. Our purpose was to study the prevalence and predictors of CAM use among persons with a history of intravenous drug use through a cross-sectional survey of intravenous drug users examining their utilization of health services, including CAM therapies. A total of 548 persons with a history of intravenous drug use, recruited from a needle-exchange program and a methadone maintenance clinic, both in Providence, Rhode Island, participated. Overall prevalence of any CAM use in the past 6 months, frequency of use of individual named CAM therapies and domains, and demographic and clinical characteristics associated with CAM users, reasons for CAM use and self-perceived effectiveness of CAM were also measured. Of the 548 participants, 45% reported use of at least one CAM therapy. The top three therapies--religious healing, relaxation techniques, and meditation--were all from the mind-body domain. Having a higher education and lower self-rated health were the two strongest predictors of CAM use, followed by having a regular doctor or clinic, being white and younger. There was a high level of self-perceived effectiveness of CAM therapies (4.1 on a scale of 1-5), and CAM users were likely to use CAM for reasons related to their addiction.
Inside Development in Latin America: A Report from the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Brazil

The Palm-Tree of Life: Biology, Utilization and Conservation. MICHAEL J. BALICK, editor. Advances in Economic Botany, volume 6. The Bronx, NY: The New York Botanical Garden, 1988. 282 pp. $53.75 (paper). ISBN 0-89527-326-0.
Tetrahydrobiopterin lowers muscle sympathetic nerve activity and improves augmentation index in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that contributes to cardiovascular risk. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a maj...
Electronic transitions in chromium(III) complexes—IV radiative and non-radiative transition probabilities☆

Abstract The luminescence quantum yields and lifetimes of a group of Cr(III) complexes have been measured. The variation in the 2 E → 4 A 2 quantum yield is largely due to the change in the non-radiative transition probability ( 2 E → 4 A 2 ) with ligand. The ligand field theory is adequate for the calculation of the 2 E → 4 A 2 radiative transition probability in most cases.
Photo-chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer

Induction (proto) chemotherapy consisting of 3 courses of ci-splatin and 120-hour 5-fluorouracil infusion was administered to 88 patients who had locally advanced, previously untreated head and neck cancer. The majority (81%) of these patients were classified as stage IV, and 17% had second primary carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. An overall response rate of 94% was observed, with a 54% incidence of complete clinical response. The toxicity of the chemotherapy was judged acceptable, and no life-threatening or fatal drug-related side effects occurred. Twenty-four percent of the patients failed to comply with recommended standard treatment. In patients achieving a complete clinical response, 47% refused recommended surgery. Any response less than a complete clinical response to induction chemotherapy was not associated with any survival advantage. We conclude that future research efforts should be directed toward the identification of chemotherapeutic regimins that maximize the incidence of complete clinical response. In addition, any large-scale chemotherapy trial in patients with re-sectable disease should avoid the use of an induction sequence to minimize compliance problems with standard treatment.
Acquired disorders affecting the immune system and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Abstract A case-control study was undertaken to determine whether a prior history of a variety of acquired disorders affecting the immune system was associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cases were identified over a 4-year period (1976–1979) at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and individually matched to hospital controls on age, sex, race, and year of diagnosis. For the 109 cases and matched controls who were traced and interviewed, positive associations suggesting an increase in risk were not detected. Instead, there was a suggestion of an inverse relationship. Odds ratios (ORs) were consistently less than 1 for associations between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and several chronic infectious diseases (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.35, 1.20), chronic inflammatory diseases (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.43, 1.79), autoimmune disorders (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.19, 3.76), and allergic disorders (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.45, 1.32). A statistically significant protective association was found for surgical removal of lymphoid tissue (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.27, 0.91). Adjustment for potentially confounding variables did not change these results. These findings do not support the previously anecdotally reported impression that disorders producing a chronic antigenic stimulus are associated with the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Point-spread-function calibration of dilute aperture imagery

Astronomical speckle holographic methods are shown to calibrate the image blurring effects of the large fraction of the energy in the side-lobes of the point spread function of a dilute aperture imaging system. This self calibration method works for imagery which contains a local point-like reference within the partially isoplanatic field of view. The reference may be a physical object within the (partially isoplanatic) field of view or it may be reconstructed by iterative deconvolution. Data reductions with an iterative deconvolution algorithm show even more striking performance than speckle holography. Atmospheric modeling was used to simulate multiple observations of the same target object with a 5 m dilute aperture pupil with different point spread functions. The iterative deconvolution algorithm recovers Fourier interpolated results for the equivalent 25 m filled aperture without requiring independent observations of a point-like reference source.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Chronic melatonin and binocular plasticity in Xenopus frogs.

Abstract The topographic binocular maps in the optic tectum of Xenopus frogs are notable both for their dramatic plasticity during development and for the high expression of melatonin receptors in the circuitry contributing to those binocular maps. The goal of this study was to determine whether melatonin contributes to the control of binocular tectal plasticity. During development, rotation of one eye leads to compensatory rewiring of ipsilateral maps. The effect of 3–4 months of chronic 20 or 200 nM melatonin on this rewiring was tested by electrophysiological mapping. No decrease in plasticity was observed. In adult Xenopus, rotation of one eye normally does not lead to rewiring of the ipsilateral projection, although adults can exhibit plasticity if they have been dark-reared or have been treated as adults with NMDA. We tested whether exposure to 20–200 nM melatonin during and after the normal critical period would similarly extend plasticity. Eye rotation in adults that had been treated with melatonin did not demonstrate retained plasticity. These results show that melatonin does not reduce the normally high plasticity characteristic of young Xenopus nor does it increase the normally low plasticity of adult Xenopus.
Approximating matchings in parallel

Abstract We show that for any constant k > 0, a matching with cardinality at least 1-1/(k+1) times the maximum can be computed in NC.
TH-C-332-04: Comparison of Residual Motion Artifacts in Phase- and Amplitude-Binned Onboard 4D-CBCT Imaging

Purpose: Linac‐mounted 4D‐Cone Beam CT(CBCT)imaging is an important tool for extending 3D IGRT techniques to respiration‐motion synchronized treatments. Our purpose is to evaluate the effects of two different projection binning strategies, phase and amplitude binning, on the image quality of our recently implemented 4D‐CBCT method using the Varian On Board Imager and RPM breathing motion surrogate. Method and Materials: We have implemented a 4D‐CBCT imaging procedure that adjusts the acquisition parameters to the breathing period. The Varian Real‐time Position Management system (RPM) was used to establish temporal coincidence between the respiratory motion and the CBCT projections. Projections were sorted into 10 bins. For the projections sorted into each bin, the variances about the RPM amplitude and phase means was calculated and compared to the image quality achieved in CBCTimages. 4D‐CBCTs were studied with a phantom with irregular motion cycle. The phantom consists of two acrylic spheres and one cylinder on a motion platform to mimic the superior‐inferior tumor motion mostly seen in patients. Results: With breathing cycle period variation but not amplitude variation, we found that amplitude binning produced fewer blurring artifacts which was consistent with RPM analysis which showed significantly smaller amplitude variances for amplitude binning. For the patient subjects, the RPM amplitude but not phase variances were smaller for amplitude binning. However, image quality was significantly better when phase binning was used. We hypothesize that the under‐sampling artifacts play a major role over the motion artifacts which is the case for amplitude binning, while the phase binning has a good control of aliasing artifacts. Residual motion artifacts persist in both phase‐ and amplitude‐ binning 4D‐CBCT images.Conclusion: Optimizing the binning strategies requires understanding complex interplay between residual motion in each bin and other factors such as uniformity and adequacy of angular sampling. Supported by PPG‐NIH‐P01116602.
Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by triynoic acids

Abstract Prostaglandin biosynthesis from eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid in microsomes from bovine seminal vesicles is inhibited by acetylenic acids. Octadeca-6,9,12-triynoic acid and eicosa-8,11,14-triynoic acid are the most potent inhibitors. These acids both contain an ω-8 methylene group. Within the 20-carbon acetylenic acid series, inhibition decreases in the sequence eicosa-8,11,14-triynoic acid > eicosa-7,10,13-triynoic acid > eicosa-5,8,11-triynoic acid. Furthermore, eicosa-8,11,14-triynoic acid is a more potent inhibitor of arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation than either eicosa-7,10,13-triynoic acid or eicosa-5,8,11-triynoic acid. The ω-8 methylene group is not the only determinent of inhibitory potency since docosa-10,13,16-triynoic acid is less potent than its 18 and 20 carbon analogs and all of these acids have an ω-8 methylene group.
A Self-Processing Ribozyme Cassette: Utility against Human Papillomavirus 11 E6/E7 mRNA and Hepatitis B Virus

Abstract We have been developing a self-processing triple-ribozyme cassette, which consists of two cis -acting hammerhead ribozymes flanking an internal, trans -acting hammerhead ribozyme (ITRz). Here, the single ITRz was replaced by two contiguous ITRz (dITRz), and a short poly(A) tail was designed onto the 3′ end of the liberated dITRz, to produce the "SNIP AA " cassette. Self-processing of the cassette appeared to proceed efficiently in cells: The only region of the cassette identified in cells was the liberated dITRz, with approximately 10–20% of the dITRz found within the nucleus. We tested this reagent against two therapeutically important targets, human papillomavirus 11 E6/E7 mRNA and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Library selection protocols were utilized to define accessible target sites, and ribozymes targeted to these sites were very active in vitro . Pairs of the selected ribozymes were then inserted into the SNIP AA cassette. SNIP AA constructs targeted to the E6/E7 mRNA were tested in cell culture using a cotransfection approach. Significant reductions were produced in E6/E7 target, with 80–90% reductions observed at 5 days following cotransfection. SNIP AA constructs targeted to HBV RNA were tested in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. SNIP AA constructs were packaged in liposomes, which were targeted to hepatocytes using asialofetuin, and administered ip. After 2 weeks, a >80% reduction in viral liver DNA was observed. Immunohistochemical staining for core antigen showed a similar decrease in the number of hepatocytes staining positively, compounded by a concomitant loss of residual staining intensity. These results demonstrate the in vivo utility of the self-processing SNIP AA cassette against HBV.
Brief paper: An integrated perturbation analysis and Sequential Quadratic Programming approach for Model Predictive Control

Computationally efficient algorithms are critical in making Model Predictive Control (MPC) applicable to broader classes of systems with fast dynamics and limited computational resources. In this paper, we propose an integrated formulation of Perturbation Analysis and Sequential Quadratic Programming (InPA-SQP) to address the constrained optimal control problems. The proposed algorithm combines the complementary features of perturbation analysis and SQP in a single unified framework, thereby leading to improved computational efficiency and convergence property. A numerical example is reported to illustrate the proposed method and its computational effectiveness.
Occupational characteristics of adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Employment rates among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are lower than in the general population and little is known about the specific occupations in which they are employed. OBJECTIVES: To describe specific occupations of adults with pediatric-onset SCI using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system and to determine associations between SOC occupations and demographic factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional data specific to education and employment were collected from the last interviews of a larger longitudinal study. Occupations were categorized according to the 2010 SOC system. SOC groups were compared within gender level of injury and final education. RESULTS: Of the 461 total participants 219 (47.5%) were employed and specific occupations were available for 179. Among the SOC groups Education Law Community Service Arts and Media Occupations were most prevalent (30.2%) followed by Management Business and Finance Occupations (21.1%) Computer Engineering and Science Occupations (10.6%) Administrative and Office Support Occupations (10.0%) Service Occupations (7.3%) Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations (3.9%) and Production Occupations (3.4%). Differences were found in the distribution of SOC groups between gender levels of injury and final education groups. CONCLUSION: A wide variety of occupations were reported in adults with pediatric-onset SCI generally in concordance with final education and functional ability levels. Language: en
Reflections on language: Chomsky, linguistic discourse and the value of rhetorical self-consciousness

Abstract This paper considers why linguistics, unlike many fields in the humanities and social sciences, has not undergone a “rhetorical” or “reflexive” turn – why it has paid little attention to the language of linguistics. It considers Chomsky’s antipathy to rhetoric, exemplified by his statement that “the best rhetoric is the least rhetoric,” as symptomatic of a wider condition in linguistics, namely a reluctance to consider linguistic discourse as an object of self-reflexive scrutiny. The paper proposes that Chomsky’s work is shaped by a continual flight from rhetoric and reflexivity, by the desire to arrive at a language-independent explanation of language. It considers how this denial of rhetoric proceeds in large part through adoption of a distinctively “ocularcentric” rhetoric that privileges transparency and immediacy, and effaces the linguistic and rhetorical dimensions of knowledge production. The paper considers what a more reflexive, rhetorically self-conscious linguistics might look like. It provides three examples of emerging research in linguistics that are rhetorically self-conscious and attend to the figurative, suasive and formative aspects of disciplinary discourse. The paper considers “strong” and “light” forms of rhetorical self-consciousness, and describes the possible implications of each for linguistic inquiry.
Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys

The polarization of conduction electrons due to $s\ensuremath{-}d$ interaction in CuMn alloys is investigated. The uniform polarization due to the first order perturbed energy corresponding to the Fr\"ohlich-Nabarro and Zener mechanism is shown to be completely modified by the first order perturbation of the wave functions and the polarization is concentrated in the neighborhood of the Mn ions. At the same time it is shown that the Fr\"ohlich-Nabarro interaction is included in the Ruderman-Kittel result as one component. The electronic $g$-value of Mn ions and the Knight shift of the Cu-nuclei are also discussed from this point of view.
Empower Your Teaching by Meeting Your Listeners' Needs

Abstract This paper examines listening in the classroom and suggests productive behaviors for teachers as they address ineffective listening habits of students.
Infant Sleep and Feeding

ABSTRACT Objective To conduct an integrated review of the literature on the relationship between infant sleep and feeding; hence, health care providers have accurate information to provide anticipatory guidance to parents making decisions regarding feeding and sleeping. Data Sources Computerized searches of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, as well as references lists from published articles on infant sleep and feeding methods from 1982 to 2007. Search terms were "infant sleep" and "infant feeding." Study Selection Literature was selected from refereed publications in the areas of nursing, medicine, psychology, sociology, and lactation. A total of 48 publications were used in this review. Data Extraction Data were extracted using keywords pertinent to infant sleep parameters and the relationship to feeding method. A total of 161 articles were reviewed for inclusion, and only 37 met inclusion criteria. Eleven additional articles were retrieved from the references of these 37 articles. Data Synthesis Articles that focused on early infant sleep development and sleep were utilized. Those that focused exclusively on premature or older infants or toddlers or whose primary focus was on sudden infant death syndrome were excluded. Conclusions Infants have unique sleep patterns causing adjustment for new parents. Sleep is biopsychosocially influenced, and the interactions between parent and baby have a profound effect on the sleeping and feeding methods and patterns of the infant. When health care providers appreciate these influences and individual nuances of infant sleep, they can share information to appropriately guide and reassure the developing family.
Molting, Mortality, and the Effects of Density in a Soft‐Shell Crawfish Culture System

The molting and mortality patterns at a crawfish density recommended for commercial-scale soft-shell crawfish culture systems showed that, over a 116 day period, 74% of the crawfish molted, 22% died, and 4% remained in the system at the end of the study. Approximately three weeks of adaption to the system were required before molting rates of the crawfish began to increase. By the sixth week, the number of malted crawfish per day exceeded the overall mean and remained at this level until 10 days before moltable crawfish were depleted. In a second study, three density levels (3.7,4.9, and 6.1 kg crawfish/m2) were tested for 60 days. The lowest density produced significantly fewer (P < 0.05) molted crawfish. Mortality was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at the highest density compared with the lowest density. The highest density (6.1 kg crawfish/m2) showed a higher molting rate than the lower densities, but it was not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the molting rate of 4.9 kg/m2.
Commutation angle analysis of the double-output induction generator neglecting the stator transients

Abstract A simplified d-q model, which is a reduced-order mathematical representation of the variable-speed constant-frequency double-output induction generator (VSCF DOIG) during the commutation interval, is presented. The overlap angle, which is the duration of the commutation interval of the bridge rectifier, is found using this simplified model. The accuracy of this representation is verified by comparing the results with those obtained from a detailed d-q model of the same generator.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A FRIED CRUST

A restructured potato model system was fried in canola oil for 5, 10, or 15 min at 170, 180, or 190C and tested in a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer. Selected mechanical properties were measured using puncture and three-point bending cells. Forces involved in puncture were a combination of tension, compression, and shear, while the three-point bend test studied the crust flexural properties. Crust deformability seemed to be governed by internal structural yielding. Maximum force at rupture increased significantly with both frying time and temperature. Failure criteria identified and standardized types of failure observed during bending tests.
Automated, Solid-Phase Synthesis of C-Neoglycopeptides: Coupling of Glycosyl Derivatives to Resin-Bound Peptides1

A fully automated solid-phase synthesis of C-neoglycopeptides has been developed using a convergent strategy. In this approach, C-glycoside derivatives (3 and 4) were coupled to resin-bound peptides using a peptide synthesizer. An advantage of the convergent approach is the ability to introduce multiple glycoside units late in the synthesis. The approach presented is highly versatile and efficient and could be used for building C-neoglycopeptide libraries. In our study, neoglycopeptides 5 and 6 were obtained from the coupling of C-glycoside derivatives (3 and 4) to a free amino group of the side chain of short peptides (2, n = 1 and 3). A similar approach was developed for the synthesis of bivalent neoglycopeptides 8 and 9 in an automated manner. The successful syntheses of C-neoglycopeptides 5, 6, 8, and 9 are the first examples of coupling of C-glycosyl carboxyl derivatives to the amino groups of the side chains of resin-bound peptides.
Exploring Individual Differences in a Goal‐Setting Situation Using the Motivational Trait Questionnaire1

We examined the Motivational Trait Questionnaire (MTQ) in a goal-setting situation to determine the capability of motivational traits to predict task performance and core variables associated with goal-setting: self-efficacy, personal goals, and goal commitment. The MTQ measures individual differences in motivation to perform tasks utilizing 6 underlying scales that reflect the 3 traits of personal mastery, competitive excellence, and motivation related to anxiety. Generally consistent with hypotheses, we found that higher levels of the desire to learn, mastery, other-referenced goals, competitiveness, and emotionality scales were predictive of personal goals, self-efficacy, and practice, or postgoal performance of an idea-generation task. Our findings led us to believe that the MTQ is a reliable and useful way of measuring stable motivational constructs, particularly in a goal-setting situation.