cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of reticulum cell sarcomas in SJL/J mice VI. Characterization of lymphoid cells that proliferate in response to RCS cells.

Lymphoid cells from normal SJL donors respond with marked blastogenesis to Ia-associated determinants expressed by syngeneic, reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) that occur spontaneously with high incidence in this strain. The present results further characterize the nature and sensitivities of the responding lymphocytes. They are thymus-derived (T) cells with a relatively high turnover rate, as defined by their sensitivity to anti-Thy 1.2 serum and C and rapid disappearance from peripheral lymphoid tissues following adult thymectomy. RCS-responsive T cells are present in neonatal thymus and spleen at a time when the response to alloantigens is undetectable, suggesting that presensitization to RCS determinants is not a requirement for the proliferative response observed. RCS-reactive T cells are as resistant to cortisone as alloantigen-reactive T cells, but they demonstrate a greater in vivo resistance to γ-irradiation. SJL LN cells are also able to respond to glutaraldehyde-fixed stimulator cells. BUDR + light treatment was employed to specifically delete cells responding to a primary stimulus in order to assess the responsiveness of surviving cells in secondary culture. It was found that RCS-responsive cells are clearly separate from cells that respond to PHA and Con A. Overlap was noted, however, between cells reactive to RCS stimulators and those responding to a single alloantigen, although the response to RCS was not affected by prior exposure to alloantigen. It appears that RCS might serve as a polyclonal activator for Ia alloantigen responsive T cells of the SJL mouse. It is suggested that the RCS-induced response may reflect an exaggerated form of a normal autostimulatory phenomenon and offers a unique model system to investigate interactions between autologous lymphocytes.
TRAC Calculations of Overcooling Transients in PWRs for Pressurized Thermal Shock Analysis

This paper briefly describes the overall pressurized thermal shock (PTS) program at Los Alamos with emphasis on TRAC-PF1 calculations of severe overcooling transients in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Overcooling transients for both the Oconee-1 and Calvert Cliffs-1 nuclear plants have been performed. A summary of results for several calculations are presented for the Oconee-1 PWR along with detailed discussions of two of the most severe overcooling transients predicted [main steam-line break and turbine-bypass valve (TBV) failures]. The calculations performed were plant specific in that details of both the primary and secondary sides were modeled in addition to a detailed model of the plant integrated control system (ICS). For the Oconee-1 main steam-line break transient, a minimum downcomer fluid temperature of ∼405 K was predicted. For the transient involving the failure of one bank of TBVs to close after initially opening following reactor and turbine trips, an extrapolated downcomer fluid temperature of ∼365 K was estimated. The latter temperature is at the nil-ductility temperature (NDT) limit (∼365 K) for Oconee-1.
TAM Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Biologic Functions, Signaling, and Potential Therapeutic Targeting in Human Cancer

Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer constitute the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) characterized by a conserved sequence within the kinase domain and adhesion molecule-like extracellular domains. This small family of RTKs regulates an intriguing mix of processes, including cell proliferation/survival, cell adhesion and migration, blood clot stabilization, and regulation of inflammatory cytokine release. Genetic or experimental alteration of TAM receptor function can contribute to a number of disease states, including coagulopathy, autoimmune disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and cancer. In this chapter, we first provide a comprehensive review of the structure, regulation, biologic functions, and downstream signaling pathways of these receptors. In addition, we discuss recent evidence which suggests a role for TAM receptors in oncogenic mechanisms as family members are overexpressed in a spectrum of human cancers and have prognostic significance in some. Possible strategies for targeted inhibition of the TAM family in the treatment of human cancer are described. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the full clinical implications of TAM family expression and activation in cancer.
The Acyloin Condensation

The acyloin condensation usually involves the reductive dimerization of a carboxylic ester, although acid chlorides and the anhydrides have been used. The reducing agent is in an alkali metal and the product is an ene-diolate. Two gram-atoms of metal are required for each mole of ester with the concomitant formation of a mole of akoxide and one-half mole of the ene-diolate. Oxidation of acyloins to diketoes can be accomplished by a variety of reagents. Acyloins can be reduced to ketones by various modifications of the Clemmenson technique. Under mild conditions the ketone will dominate. This chapter presents a complete picture of both the linear and cyclic acyloin condensation with particular emphasis on developments since 1960. The discussion is closely limited to the acyloin condensation and its modifications. Keywords: condensation; acyloin; dicarboxylic acids; monocarboxyl acids; reduction; oxalates; malonates; succinates; glutarates; adipates; pimelates; heterocyclic esters; esters; ketone; semidiones; experimental procedures
The Semisimple Subalgebras of the Algebra B 3 (SO(7)) and Their Inclusion Relations

In this article the semisimple subalgebras of the simple Lie algebra B3 are determined explicitly. This classification of the semi-simple subalgebras of B3 has a twofold purpose.
Infants use temporal regularities to chunk objects in memory

Infants, like adults, can maintain only a few items in working memory, but can overcome this limit by creating more efficient representations, or "chunks." Previous research shows that infants can form chunks using shared features or spatial proximity between objects. Here we asked whether infants also can create chunked representations using regularities that unfold over time. Thirteen-month old infants first were familiarized with four objects of different shapes and colors, presented in successive pairs. For some infants, the identities of objects in each pair varied randomly across familiarization (Experiment 1). For others, the objects within a pair always co-occurred, either in consistent relative spatial positions (Experiment 2a) or varying spatial positions (Experiment 2b). Following familiarization, infants saw all four objects hidden behind a screen and then saw the screen lifted to reveal either four objects or only three. Infants in Experiment 1, who had been familiarized with random object pairings, failed to look longer at the unexpected 3-object outcome; they showed the same inability to concurrently represent four objects as in other studies of infant working memory. In contrast, infants in Experiments 2a and 2b, who had been familiarized with regularly co-occurring pairs, looked longer at the unexpected outcome. These infants apparently used the co-occurrence between individual objects during familiarization to form chunked representations that were later deployed to track the objects as they were hidden at test. In Experiment 3, we confirmed that the familiarization affected infants' ability to remember the occluded objects rather than merely establishing longer-term memory for object pairs. Following familiarization to consistent pairs, infants who were not shown a hiding event (but merely saw the same test outcomes as in Experiments 2a and b) showed no preference for arrays of three versus four objects. Finally, in Experiments 4 and 5, we asked whether infants also remembered the specific identities of the objects in each chunk. In Experiment 4, we confirmed that infants remembered objects' identities in smaller arrays that did not require chunking. Next, in Experiment 5, we asked whether infants also remembered objects' identities in larger arrays that had been chunked on the basis of temporal regularities. Following a familiarization phase identical to that in Experiment 2a, we hid all four objects and then revealed either these same four objects, or four objects of which two had unexpectedly changed shape and color. Surprisingly, infants failed to look longer at the identity change outcome. Taken together, our results suggest that infants can use temporal regularities between objects to increase memory for objects' existence, but not necessarily for objects' identities.
Safety incident reporting in emergency radiology: analysis of 1717 safety incident reports

The aim of this article is to describe the incidence and types of safety reports logged in the radiology safety incident reporting system in our emergency radiology section over an 8-year period. Electronic incident reporting system of our institute was searched for the variables in emergency radiology. All reports from April 2006 to June 2014 were included and deindentified. The following event classifications were investigated in radiography, CT, and MRI modalities: diagnostic test orders, ID/documentation/consent, safety/security/conduct, service coordination, surgery/procedure, line/tube, fall, medication/IV safety, employee general incident, environment/equipment, adverse drug reaction, skin/tissue, and diagnosis/treatment. A total of 881,194 emergency radiology examinations were performed during the study period, 1717 (1717/881,194 = 0.19 %) of which resulted in safety reports. Reports were classified into 14 different categories, the most frequent of which were “diagnostic test orders” (481/1717 = 28 % total incident reports), “medication/IV safety” (302/1717 = 18 % total incident reports), and “service coordination” (204/1717 = 12 % total incident reports). X-ray had the highest report rate (873/1717 = 50 % total incident reports), followed by CT (604/1717 = 35 % total incident reports) and MRI (240/1717 = 14 % total incident reports). Forty-six percent of safety incidents (789/1717) caused no harm and did not reach the patient, 36 % (617/1717) caused no harm but reached the patient, 18 % (308/1717) caused temporary or minor harm/ damage, and less than 1 % caused permanent or major harm/ damage or death. Our study shows an overall safety incident report rate of 0.19 % in emergency radiology including radiography, CT, and MRI modalities. The most common safety incidents were diagnostic test orders, medication/IV safety, and service coordination.
The World as the American Frontier: Racialized Presidential War Rhetoric

We use the frontier myth and the rhetoric of the Indian Wars as a heuristic for analyzing four racial valences in presidential rhetoric on the War on Terror. First, the naming of the enemy in both instances racializes and conflates identities, amplifying a potential threat and justifying a similarly amplified reaction. Second, the war zone is characterized by shifting borders and alliances, suggesting a racialized political hierarchy in which the United States wars against nonwhite tribal leaders. Third, presidents distinguish between savagery and civilization in war practices such that technology, specifically contrasted to trickery, is a marker of whiteness. Fourth, in both wars, the disciplining of nonwhite bodies is justified as the means to spreading and preserving democracy.
Critique of Eric Berne's contributions to subself theory.

The theory and techniques of Eric Berne's transactional analysis are disseminated widely but there are few systematic reviews of his work. This paper attempts to fill the gap in the context of subself and self-group theory, two aspects of the writer's ego therapy. The following highlights emerge from this assessment: (a) Berne's major contributions are the concepts of ego states and transactional analysis, (b) Transactional analysis is a comparatively complete personality theory and psychotherapeutic technology, (c) Berne's theory is clinically based, rests on reinforcement theory and Freudian drive theory and is deficiency rather than growth-oriented, (d) In general, he is “Adult” (intellectually) oriented, (e) His treatment model is therapist-centered and essentially medical, (f) Many of his descriptions and his theory involve (inner) group variables but do not treat the self as a group per se. (g) Berne's work deserves considerably more attention.
Pharmacologic Strategies to Target Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in normal physiological functions at low concentrations, can have deleterious effects when produced in excess. Over time, ROS may result in a pathological state of imbalance known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has long been implicated in many diseases, and is consistently associated with poor outcomes in heart failure. Most therapies that are currently being used may provide some reduction in oxidative stress, but there is no consensus on the clinical outcomes of various antioxidants. Currently, there are no antioxidant therapies that are being used routinely to specifically target oxidative stress in patients with heart failure. This article reviews the current understanding of ROS generation, and the potential for novel pharmacologic strategies to target oxidative stress in heart failure.
1000 X difference between current displays and capability of human visual system: payoff potential for affordable defense systems

Displays were invented just in the last century. The human visual system evolved over millions of years. The disparity between the natural world 'display' and that 'sampled' by year 2000 technology is more than a factor of one million. Over 1000X of this disparity between the fidelity of current electronic displays and human visual capacity is in 2D resolution alone. Then there is true 3D, which adds an additional factor of over 1000X. The present paper focuses just on the 2D portion of this grand technology challenge. Should a significant portion of this gap be closed, say just 10X by 2010, display technology can help drive a revolution in military affairs. Warfighter productivity must grow dramatically, and improved display technology systems can create a critical opportunity to increase defense capability while decreasing crew sizes.
Breath control during manual free-style lifting of a maximally tolerated load

Clear evidence links voluntary breath control, intra-abdominal pressure and lumbar stability. However, little is known regarding optimal breath control during manual materials handling. No studies have examined natural breath control while lifting a maximal load. Fourteen healthy subjects lifted a loaded crate from the floor to a table while respiratory flow data were collected. The loads lifted began at 10% of body weight and increased up to 50% (if tolerated) by 5% increments. Data from the minimum, moderate and maximum loads were analysed. Uniform and consistent breath holding during lifting of a maximally tolerated load did not occur. Across all three loads, frequency of inspiration was highest immediately prior to lift-off and significantly higher inspired volume occurred at lift-off of the load compared with preparation for lifting. Holding the breath does not appear to be related to lifting of a maximally tolerated load from floor to table. Statement of Relevance: The findings demonstrate that cons...
Computer-Aided Flowsheet Simulation of a Pharmaceutical Tablet Manufacturing Process Incorporating Wet Granulation

In this work, a dynamic flowsheet model for the production of pharmaceutical tablets through a continuous wet granulation process is developed. The unit operation models which are integrated to compose the process line form a hybrid configuration which is comprised of a combination of mechanistic models, population balance models, and empirical correlations, based on the currently available process knowledge for each individual component. The main objective of this study is to provide guidance in terms of the necessary steps which are required in order to move from the unit operation level to the simulation of an integrated continuous plant operation. Through this approach, not only significant process conditions for each individual process are identified but also crucial interconnecting parameters which affect critical material properties of the processed powder stream are distinguished. Through the integration of the dynamic flowsheet with a final component of tablet dissolution, the connection of the processing history of a set of powders which undergo wet granulation and are contained in each produced tablet to the release rate of the pharmaceutical ingredient is enabled. The developed flowsheet is used for the simulation of different operating scenarios and disturbances which are often encountered during operation for the assessment of their effects towards critical material attributes, product properties, and the operation of further downstream processes. Simulation results demonstrate that granulation and milling which control the particle size distribution of the processed powder mixture highly affect the hardness and dissolution of the produced tablets.
The relation of affective processing measures and smoking motivation indices among college-age smokers

Abstract Two studies examined the relation among affective processing measures as assessed by the Affective Information Processing Questionnaire (AIPQ) and smoking indices. The AIPQ assesses attributional style, expectations regarding the strength, frequency, and duration of affective reactions, and expectations regarding the controllability of affective reactions both by smoking and by other means in response to a series of vignettes depicting stressful situations. In the first study, 195 undergraduates completed the AIPQ along with measures of affect and smoking. Results indicated satisfactory reliability for the AIPQ scales. A subsample of Study 1 subjects ( n =49) were exposed to a laboratory stressor in Study 2. Results indicated that the affect control expectations measures predicted post-stressor measures of negative affect, urge to smoke, negative reinforcement from smoking, and alveolar carbon monoxide value. Attributional style and expectations regarding affective reactions did not consistently predict post-stressor measures. The relation of affective processing to smoking motivation and relapse is discussed.
Chloro-s-triazines as markers and fixatives for the study of growth in teeth and bones.

Cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine) and dichloro-s-triazinyl Procion M (Imperial Chemical) dyes and colorless compounds covalently bond or covalently cross-link with H-active functional groups in tissues including enamel, dentin, and bone. By cross-linking, chloro-s-triazines make irreversibly insoluble in situ various exogenous or endogenous components, which are lost or artifactually diffused by other methods of fixation. Cyanuric chloride (0.5%) and N-methyl morpholine (1%) in anhydrous methanol provide an excellent cytologic fixative, with N-methyl morpholine or other suitable tertiary amines serving as “quaternizing” catalysts and HCl acceptors. Highly permeable Procion M dyes were used topically as freshly prepared 5–10% aqueous solutions; 2% solutions in 5% dextrose were also given intravenously at a dosage level of 200 mgm/Kgm. Since topically applied dyes stain irreversibly, they can be employed as markers for the study of various pathophysiologic processes associated with the tooth and periodontal apparatus; that is, for the study of growth and development. Given intravenously, these dyes permanently mark incremental lines and zones of growth in tooth and bone; the markers persist during processing and decalcification of the specimens. Vinyl-sulfonyl Remazol (American Hoechst) and other, classes of reactive dyes were also used as permanent markers.
Effects of tongue position on mandibular muscle activity and heart rate function.

Objectives A primary goal of pain management for muscle-related pain is to reduce masticatory muscle activity. This study aimed to investigate masticatory muscle group activity and heart rate variability change when the tongue was placed on the palate or the floor of the mouth in a healthy pain-free sample. Study design Participants were 23 females and 18 males with a mean age of 19.6 years (standard deviation = 1.5). Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography and heart period were measured using electrocardiography. The experimental protocol consisted of 3 periods: baseline, tongue placement on the floor of mouth, and tongue placement on palate. Results Results indicated significantly more activity in the temporalis and suprahyoid muscle regions as well as a significant reduction in heart rate variability when the tongue was positioned on the palate compared with tongue position on the floor of the mouth. Conclusions Instructions to place the tongue on the roof of the mouth are not instructions that will promote reduced physiological functioning (i.e., relaxation) but rather promote small, but potentially important increases in overall activity as indexed by muscle tone and cardiac function.
Effect of the homokaryotic or heterokaryotic state of the uvs-2 allele in Neurospora crassa on mitomycin C-induced killing and ad-3 mutation

Mitomycin C (MC) was tested for its killing and mutagenic activities in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in Neurospora crassa. The test was conducted in 4 dikaryons of N. crassa in order to determine the effect of the uvs-2 allele, which causes a defect in nucleotide excision repair, on MC-induced killing and ad-3 mutation. These dikaryons were homokaryotic for uvs-2+ (H-12), homokaryotic for uvs-2 (H-59), and heterokaryotic for uvs-2/uvs-2+ (H-70 and H-71). MC induced killing and ad-3 mutation in H-12, but the presence of uvs-2 in the homokaryotic state (H-59) resulted in a great increase in the killing and mutagenic activities of MC. This increased sensitivity to MC-induced killing and mutation conferred by uvs-2 in the homokaryotic state (H-59 vs. H-12) is a different effect than that noted by others for a defect in nucleotide excision-repair in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium or in human cells. The dikaryons heterokaryotic for uvs-2/uvs-2+ had the same sensitivity to MC as H-12, indicating that for MC-induced killing and ad-3 mutation uvs-2 is recessive to uvs-2+.
A note on statistical tensors in quantum mechanics

Abstract The statistical tensors introduced by Fano are discussed as an operator form of the density matrix. The conditions for a statistical tensor to represent a pure state are derived; a general representation of a pure state in terms of 2 j Poincare vectors is exhibited, and a physical interpretation given. The coupling of statistical tensors is discussed briefly.
Ethics and Motivation in Remedial Mathematics Education.

This article examines motivational potentialities in remedial mathematics education within an ethical context, applying a model for ethical decision making in education developed by Shapiro and Stefkovich, in which three broad ethical categories are discussed: the ethic of justice, the ethic of care, and the ethic of critique. These ethical categories are applied to two broad categories of motivational strategy: motivation by intervention and motivation by policy. It is argued that individual interventions risk encroaching on student autonomy and are ethically contravened, whereas motivation-based regimens—such as graded homework, graded tests, and required tutorials—are recommended if they may be implemented in a way that privileges a standardized placement examination as the ultimate criterion for successful remediation.
Semiautomated matching and seed position location for implanted ribbons

A difficult, error‐prone, and time consuming problem in brachytherapy is the determination of the three‐dimensional (3‐D) positions of implanted seeds. To triangulate 3‐D seed positions, the corresponding seed images in radiographs taken at different parallax (gantry) angles must be identified (matched). With only two radiographs, there is an inherent problem of ambiguity in matching individual seed images. The use of the assignment algorithm cannot bypass this ambiguity. However, when seeds are implanted within ribbons, their positions in 3‐D space can be determined accurately and (almost always) without ambiguity. This follows because the matching of ribbon images is much less ambiguous than the matching of individual seed images. We describe a semiautomated procedure to match the ribbon images on two radiographs, determine the 3‐D loci of the ribbons, and locate the 3‐D position of each seed on each ribbon. The ribbon matching problem involves a double application of the assignment algorithm. After image matching, the 3‐D locus of each ribbon is found from the intersection of the ray sets from its radiographicimages and the analysis of a 3‐D spanning tree through the derived ray set intersection points. The seed positions on a ribbon locus are determined by interpolation of equally spaced seed intervals along the 3‐D ribbon locus. Experiments with a phantom show that for two radiographs separated by any parallax between 20° and 90°, our technique provides a systematic error in 3‐D seed location of 3.0 mm, and a random error of less than 2 mm.
A Bayesian model of design imperfections in online feedback systems and their relative impacts

Recent studies have proposed an overwhelming number of solutions to design imperfections of online feedback systems. However, in what sequence the imperfections should be perfected is yet to be operationalised. In this study, we focused upon the relative damages of design imperfections in order to understand the urgency to deal with each imperfection and develop an operational sequence. The effectiveness of online feedback systems was defined using a Bayesian model. The relative damages were then consistently evaluated using the effectiveness criteria. We concluded that identity changing deserved the highest priority on an auction manager’s to do list.
Ex-utero intrapartum treatment as a novel bridging strategy to surgery in hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum-cross-circulation revisited.

Hypoplastic left heart syndromewith an intact or nearly intact septum (HLHS-IS/NIS) constitutes 6%-20% of hypoplastic left heart syndrome cases and represents themost severe form of the disease. Unless there is a pathway for pulmonary venous decompression, hemodynamic instability and death ensue within minutes to hours after birth. Survival depends upon emergent relief of this obstruction, either by operative or interventional techniques. The optimal strategy to bridge a newborn to a stable circulation remains undefined. We describe a novel EXIT (ex-utero intrapartum treatment) strategy using maternal-placental support to bridge a fetus with HLHS-IS/NIS to palliative intervention. A 26-year-old mother was referred for a fetal echocardiogram (at 30 weeks gestation), and the diagnosis of HLHSIS/NIS (with aortic atresia, mitral stenosis) was confirmed (Figure 1, A). The family elected to proceed with fetal intervention, which was performed (at 31 weeks) in another institution. This intervention was complicated by interatrial stent malposition with no demonstrable flow across the septum, and pleural effusion (Figure 1, B). As delivery neared, the parents requested aggressive management. Although our usual approach at birth is immediate catheter intervention, this strategy would be complicated by the oblique stent position in the right atrium. An EXIT to achieve cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was proposed to allow the fetus to remain on placental support while undergoing median sternotomy and initiation of CPB. The strategy was the consensus from a multidisciplinary fetal care conference as the safest means of maintaining hemodynamic stability before establishing interatrial communication. After the mother suffered premature rupture of membranes, a multidisciplinary team was mobilized for an emergent EXIT procedure. General anesthesia was induced using
Unipolar aerosol diffusion charging. II. Ion and aerosol polydispersities: The “diffusion charging mobility analysis” hypothesis☆☆☆

Abstract Macroscopically realizable charging conditions are discussed. The equations for time-dependent unipolar polydisperse aerosol charging by polydisperse ions are first solved for the cases of a constant ionic generation rate of 10 ions/cm3/sec with ionic removal by diffusion from the charging volume of 1 cm3 by aerosol capture. In the second case, the equations are used in the modelling of the charging and mobility spectrum analysis of the electrical aerosol analyzer (Thermo Systems, Inc., St. Paul, Minn.) as an example of the “diffusion charging mobility analysis” procedure for aerosol size distribution analysis. Due to ion polydispersity, it is shown for the instrument's lower channels that an ambiguity of at least 50% in the raw data exists for the measurement of free-molecular and transition regime particles by this procedure.
Charging and Chemical Reactivity of Gold Nanoparticles and Adatoms on the (111) Surface of Single-Crystal Magnetite: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy Study

We present a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)/scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) study of a model catalyst system consisting of supported gold nanoparticles on a reduced Fe3O4(111) surface in ultrahigh vacuum. Gold forms two electrically distinct nanoparticles on an iron oxide surface upon annealing multilayer Au/Fe3O4(111) at 500 °C for 15 min. I (V) curves taken via STS measurements show that large gold nanoparticles (∼8 nm) exhibit a metallic electronic structure and, thus, are likely neutral. Single gold adatoms appear to be strongly bonded to the oxygen sites of the Fe3O4(111) surface, and tunneling electrons are observed to flow predominantly from the STM tip to the Au adatoms and into the oxygen sites of the surface. The site-specific adsorption of the gold adatoms on oxygen surface atoms and the size-sensitive nature of the electronic structure suggest that Au adatoms are likely positively charged. When this Au/Fe3O4(111) system is dosed with CO at 260 K, adsorption of CO molecules normal to...
Absence of α4 but not β2 integrins restrains development of chronic allergic asthma using mouse genetic models

Objective Chronic asthma is characterized by ongoing recruitment of inflammatory cells and airway hyperresponsiveness leading to structural airway remodeling. Although α4β1 and β2 integrins regulate leukocyte migration in inflammatory diseases and play decisive roles in acute asthma, their role has not been explored under the chronic asthma setting. To extend our earlier studies with α4 Δ/Δ and β2 −/− mice, which showed that both α4 and β2 integrins have nonredundant regulatory roles in acute ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, we explored to what extent these molecular pathways control development of structural airway remodeling in chronic asthma. Materials and Methods Control, α4 Δ/Δ , and β2 −/− mouse groups, sensitized by intraperitoneal OVA as allergen, received intratracheal OVA periodically over days 8 to 55 to induce a chronic asthma phenotype. Post-OVA assessment of inflammation and pulmonary function (airway hyperresponsiveness), together with airway modeling measured by goblet cell metaplasia, collagen content of lung, and transforming growth factor β1 expression in lung homogenates, were evaluated. Results In contrast to control and β2 −/− mice, α4 Δ/Δ mice failed to develop and maintain the composite chronic asthma phenotype evaluated as mentioned and subepithelial collagen content was comparable to baseline. These data indicate that β2 integrins, although required for inflammatory migration in acute asthma, are dispensable for structural remodeling in chronic asthma. Conclusion α4 integrins appear to have a regulatory role in directing transforming growth factor β-induced collagen deposition and structural alterations in lung architecture likely through interactions of Th2 cells, eosinophils, or mast cells with endothelium, resident airway cells, and/or extracellular matrix.
Influence of carbon and nitrogen application on the mineralization of atrazine and its metabolites in soil

It has been proposed that levels of carbon and nitrogen in soil affect the rate at which triazine herbicides degrade. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of varying the levels of initial soil carbon and nitrogen as well as the effects of a later carbon addition on the mineralization of atrazine and its metabolites in soil. Atrazine degradation in soils amended with carbon as mannitol, and with nitrogen as urea, at levels of 10, 30, 50, or 80 mg kg−1 mannitol, urea, or mannitol and urea was similar to degradation in unamended soils. Only 39% of applied atrazine was mineralized after 326 days regardless of the initial carbon or nitrogen treatment. In contrast, a second mannitol amendment of 1 g kg−1 soil at day 140 increased [14C]carbon dioxide evolution by an additional 17% as a result of enhancing the mineralization rate of the atrazine metabolites. This conclusion is supported by our finding that periodic extraction of the soil with methanol followed by quantification on HPLC showed complete dissipation of the parent atrazine in 120 days. The metabolites hydroxyatrazine (HA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), deethylatrazine (DEA), and diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) began to appear in the methanol extract 10 days following atrazine application. The greatest concentrations of HA, DEA, DIA. and DACT in the methanol extracts were 19, 12.4, 10.1, and 6.7% of applied atrazine, respectively. These concentrations were observed at day 95 except for DEA where the concentration continued to increase until day 142. A second soil extraction with hydrochloric acid (1m) + methanol (20 + 80 by volume) recovered additional HA, deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA), and DACT. When the extraction data were combined, 31.9, 12.4, 10.1. 10.2, 12.0 and 7.8% of applied atrazine was recovered as HA, DEA, DIA, DEHA. DIHA, and DACT, respectively. Combustion of the extracted soil showed 20% of the applied atrazine remained as soil-bound residues after 326 days.
Contextualism and Nonlocality in the Algebra of EPR Observables

The Bell 1964 theorem states that nonlocality is a necessary feature of hidden variable theories that reproduce the statistical predictions of quantum mechanics. In view of the no-go theorems for non-contextual hidden variable theories already existing up to 1964, and due to Gleason and Bell, one is forced to acknowledge the contextual character of the hidden variable theory which the Bell 1964 theorem refers to. Both the mathematical and the physical justifications of this contextualism are reconsidered. Consequently, the role of contextualism in recent no-hidden-variables proofs and the import of these proofs are investigated. With reference to the physical intuition underlying contextualism, the possibility is considered whether a context-dependence of individual measurement results is compatible with context-independence of the statistics of measurement results.
From Picas to Pixels: Innovative Oral Histories on the Web: An Interview with Quinn Stewart, Coordinator of Information, Technology and Lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin School of Information

This edition of “From Picas to Pixels” takes an in-depth look at some innovative oral history collections at the University of Texas at Austin. Focusing on one collection in particular, the Texas Legacy Project, Quinn Stewart tells us about old and new ways to encode and offer up high quality transcribed video. Also discussed is the new technology application, Glifos Social Media Creator, that makes these new collections possible. Other ongoing oral history projects at the University of Texas at Austin are addressed.
Genetics Interfaces: Representing Science and Enacting Public Discourse in Online Spaces

This article analyzes the Web interfaces of two well-known national civic action groups, both related to genetics research: the Genetic Alliance and the Innocence Project. These two sites are excellent examples of interface design and information retrieval, and they also attempt to translate complex science to the general public, even those traditionally most underrepresented and marginalized by the complexities of science and technology. The Genetic Alliance and Innocence Project provide excellent case studies for technical communication courses about the necessity to marry factual scientific knowledge with cultural and emotional rhetorics while providing an interface for multiple stakeholders in public policy change.
Safety of percutaneous tunneled hemodialysis catheter procedures in patients receiving concurrent clopidogrel therapy

PurposePatients on clopidogrel are at increased risk of bleeding. This study was commenced to assess the incidence of bleeding in dialysis patients who underwent tunneled hemodialysis catheter proc...
Differential muon-capture rate and the deuterium form factors in the timelike region

The differential muon-capture rate, dGAMMA/dE/sub n/, is obtained over the total allowed range of E/sub n/, the neutron energy for both F/sub A/, the axial current form factor, analytically continued to the timelike region, and for F/sub A/ under the condition that F/sub A/(q/sup 2/, timelike) = F/sub A/(q/sup 2/, spacelike). It is found that a difference of approximately 10% exists in the extreme timelike region. The contribution from the timelike region to the muon-capture rate, GAMMA, is calculated and found to be negligible.
Synthesis and Properties of Membranes of Poly(diphenylacetylenes) Having Fluorines and Hydroxyl Groups

Diphenylacetylenes possessing fluorine atom(s) and a siloxy group (1c−i) were polymerized with TaCl5−n-Bu4Sn. Monomers 1c−f having a siloxy group at the para position of a phenyl ring produced high molecular weight polymers (2c−f) in good yields. These polymers afforded tough free-standing membranes by casting their toluene solution. Desilylation of the polymer membranes was carried out with trifluoroacetic acid to give membranes of poly(diphenylacetylenes) having fluorine atoms and hydroxyl groups (3c−f). Polymers 2c−f were soluble in various organic solvents such as toluene, CHCl3, and THF, while polymers 3c−f were insoluble in these solvents. All the polymers 2c−f and 3c−f exhibited high thermal stability. The gas permeability of most membranes in the present study (2d−f and 3c−f) were higher than those of the corresponding polymers without fluorine atoms (2a and 3a), indicating that incorporation of fluorine atoms into the polymers enhances gas permeability. The PCO2/PN2 permselectivity ratios of poly...
SVD-VLC: A novel capacity maximizing VLC MIMO system architecture under illumination constraints

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using multiple light emitting diode (LED) sources and photodiode (PD) detectors are attractive for visible light communication (VLC) as they offer a capacity gain proportional to the number of parallel single-input single-output (SISO) channels. MIMO VLC systems exploit the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a SISO channel offered due to typical illumination requirements to overcome the capacity constraints due to limited modulation bandwidth of LEDs. In this work, a modified singular value decomposition VLC (SVD-VLC) MIMO system is proposed. This system maximizes the data rate while maintaining the target illumination and allowing the channel matrix to vary in order to support mobility in a practical indoor VLC deployment. The upper bound on capacity of the proposed SVD-VLC MIMO system is calculated assuming an imaging receiver. The relationship between the proposed system performance and system parameters total power constraint, lens aperture and random receiver locations are described.
INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO PORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND HARBOR DEVELOPMENT

Ports and their regions have experienced at least a century of crisis from wars (e.g., World War I and II), technological change (e.g., containerization and information and computer technology), political change (e.g., end of the Cold War and liberalization of commerce and trade in countries like China and India) and globalization. As such ports have needed to adjust to these conditions to maintain their competitiveness. They have done this by adapting their physical and institutional infrastructures and the adoption of new technologies. In this paper it is argued however that institutional adaptation is the most important way in which ports have changed in pursuit of sustained competitiveness. The paper defines institutions in keeping with the view of the new institutional economists and develops an institutional typology for framing the analyses of four case studies of ports and/or their regions that faced crisis conditions. The case studies include an analysis of the problems and responses made by the ports and then an institutional examination and evaluation of the adjustment process pursued. Conclusions are made as working hypotheses about the process of institutional adjustment to competitiveness crises of ports and their regions and directions for future research are presented.
Leisure, Work, and Disability Coping: “I Mean, You Always Need That ‘In’ Group”

This study explored the roles of leisure in the lives of employed people with mobility impairments due to physical disabilities. Clark's (2000) work/family border theory served as the primary theoretical framework for this investigation. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight individuals generated insightful findings related to identity, leisure, disability coping, and the work-life balance of individuals with disabilities. The study highlights the contributions of leisure in managing and coping with disability as well as participants’ changing leisure lifestyles which, in some instances, led them to seek peers with disabilities as leisure companions. Implications for leisure programmers are also addressed.
Plasma nitride AR coatings for silicon solar cells

Abstract The criteria for the design of antireflection coatings for silicon solar cells are presented and used as a basis for optimizing plasma-assisted CVD nitride films. The effects of dispersion and absorption in the refractive index of silicon and plasma nitride are included through the use of a computer code which models the AR coating and optimizes its thickness under specified conditions. The influence of cell performance and its application on design of AR coatings is considered, along with nonuniformities in film thickness. The deposition conditions which give good uniformity are presented.
Natural Language Information Retrieval

From the Publisher: This volume focuses on the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in information Retrieval, the technology that grew out of library research to become our best hope in dealing with today's information overload. The book gives a broad overview of the work being done at the junction of these two important fields, and suggests directions for future explorations. It is organized into two loosely structured parts.. "This book will be a valuable reference to researchers and practitioners in the fields of Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, and Computational Linguistics.
Erythrocyte composition in diarrheal dehydration.

Erythrocyte composition was studied in 6 infants being treated for diarrheal dehydration. The red cells of 4 infants had deficits in potassium which could not be explained by alterations in acid-base equilibrium, in body fluid tonicity, or in erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration. We hypothesize that these deficits reflect alterations in body potassium content. In contrast to red cell sodium and potassium, erythrocyte magnesium content changed little during 24 to 48 hours of parenteral fluid therapy.
Molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility

Abstract Recent work has furthered our understanding of the molecules involved, and the diversity of mechanisms displayed, in self-incompatibility. S-RNases have been identified in two more plant families and their structure/function relationships are currently being dissected. Novel S genes have been cloned and expressed in Papaver rhoeas and Phalaris coerulescens , and the complexity of the S locus in Brassica is being unraveled. Present data implicate the involvement of protein kinase activity in all systems where pollen inhibition occurs at the stigma surface and RNase activity in those systems displaying stylar inhibition.
Functional performance of the T-6A Texan (JPATS) CFIS laser detonator

The Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (IHD NSWC) CAD Engineering Division is conducting a program to evaluate the laser and energetic components which comprise the Canopy Fracturing Initiation System (CFIS). This system is currently installed on the T-6A Texan II or JPATS (Joint Primary Aircraft Training System) aircraft. The T-6A Texan II is the first aircraft used by the military to train future pilots. The CFIS is an element of the pilot emergency escape system which weakens the canopy in the path of the ejection seat. The CFIS is comprised of three differing laser configurations (Internal, External, and Seat Motion) which generate a pulse that is distributed through a fiber optic energy transmission system. This pulse, in turn, initiates one of the system's explosive components, a detonator (specifically, the CCU-158/A Laser Initiated Detonator). This detonator transfers the signal to the remaining energetic components that, in turn, function to weaken their respective canopies. All of the CFIS laser types are flashlamp-pumped, neodymium glass lasers which are located at various positions in the aircraft cockpit area. This paper builds on the previous SPIE papers (2008 - Conference 7070 and 2009 - Conference 7434, respectively) and presents the initial functional test results for the CFIS Laser Detonator. These functional test results provide the technical support to justify the useful lifetime of this energetic component while being installed in the T-6A Texan II aircraft under operational conditions.
The mountain pass alternative

We present a form of the mountain pass lemma which allows one to restrict the paths to a bounded region. As a result one obtains an alternative. One obtains a critical point or an eigenvalue. Applications are given to semilinear elliptic boundary value problems (both sublinear and superlinear).
Validation of voter recall: Time of electoral decision making

Accuracy of respondent recall has long been a concern in political science research. Earlier analyses of voter behavior discovered errors which included 10 to 25 percent of the sample. The present work examines an important attitudinal question which appears in each national election study: the time at which the respondent recalls making a final presidential vote choice. Data from the four-wave 1980 National Election Panel Study are used to validate the recall variable for that election campaign. A new variable — candidate preference patterns — is created which reflects consistency in individual voter preference. Only forty percent of the sample reflect consistent responses on the two measures. Furthermore, partisan strength and political involvement are found to be positively related to inconsistent behavior. Cognitive dissonance and the bandwagon effect are offered as explanations for these results.
Intrusion Detection for Advanced Metering Infrastructures: Requirements and Architectural Directions

The security of Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) is of critical importance. The use of secure protocols and the enforcement of strong security properties have the potential to prevent vulnerabilities from being exploited and from having costly consequences. However, as learned from experiences in IT security, prevention is one aspect of a comprehensive approach that must also include the development of a complete monitoring solution. In this paper, we explore the practical needs for monitoring and intrusion detection through a thorough analysis of the different threats targeting an AMI.