cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making Gigs Work: Workers, Digital Platforms and Career Strategies

A technologically driven new organization of work has changed employment relations in a way unimaginable a decade ago. My findings demonstrate that gig work has profound but different roles in worker career strategies. In this project, I introduce a typology of gig workers that more clearly demarcates how this work is used. I find that workers can be classified into five distinct categories of workers. The classification has significant variation in important dimensions – commitment to gig economy, employment status, voluntary vs. involuntary, financial precarity, hours worked on platform, number of platforms used, type of platforms and geographic constraint. Each classification is comprised of a unique combination dimensions that creates a distinct category of gig worker. The typology also demonstrate heterogeneity in the motivations, characteristics and intentions of workers.
Effect of a nurse case management intervention for hypertension self-management in low-income African Americans.

Poor health outcomes of chronically ill low-income adults are costly in both fiscal and human terms. One-third of Americans have hypertension and 43%) with high rates of exacerbations and complications [28, 10]. Low-income African American adults face life situations complicated by limited resources, high environmental and social risks, a high burden of stress and limited access to healthcare, all of which contribute to a substantial risk for multiple chronic conditions [10, 11, 19]. These factors may also contribute to a low sense of trust in the healthcare system, low self-efficacy regarding self-management behaviors to control hypertension, poor chronic disease management and costly sequelae [6, 19]. Thus, new intervention models and systems of care that are consumer-driven must be developed to improve outcomes. Client self-management of chronic diseases has emerged as a key factor in improved health outcomes [8]. We tested the effect of an innovative Ecological Nurse Case Management (ENCM) intervention on perceived stress, self-efficacy, self-management behaviors (SMB), and health status of low-income, chronically ill, African American adults. We hypothesized ENCM would reduce stress and increase self-efficacy and positively impact health status. We expected that that clients receiving this intervention would show decreased blood pressure (B/P), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
The FCC Stability Criterion for Fractional-Order Linear Time-Invariant Systems with Commensurate or Incommensurate Orders

In this paper, a new stability criterion is proposed for the stability analysis of fractional-order linear time-invariant (FO-LTI) systems with incommensurate or commensurate orders. Although Matignon's theorem is well-established for studying the stability of FO-LTI systems with commensurate orders, there is no advanced and reliable criterion to check the stability of FO-LTI systems with incommensurate (not commensurate) orders. Therefore, developing a new criterion to check the stability of this type of FO-LTI systems is a necessity. The proposed criterion is based on constructing a monodromy operator for the solution of FO-LTI systems along with the use of short memory principle. Moreover, the monodromy operator is approximated by the use of the fractional Chebyshev collocation method, and necessary and sufficient conditions of the stability are obtained. The advantages of the proposed criterion are illustrated in three practical examples.
Towards Learning Spatio-Temporal Data Stream Relationships for Failure Detection in Avionics

Spatio-temporal data streams are often related in complex ways, for example, while the airspeed that an aircraft attains in cruise phase depends on the weight it carries, it also depends on many other factors. Some of these factors are controllable such as engine inputs or the airframe’s angle of attack, while others contextual, such as air density, or turbulence. It is therefore critical to develop failure models that can help recognize errors in the data, such as an incorrect fuel quantity, a malfunctioning pitot-static system, or other abnormal flight conditions. In this paper, we extend our PILOTS programming language [1] to support machine learning techniques that will help data scientists: (1) create parameterized failure models from data and (2) continuously train a statistical model as new evidence (data) arrives. The linear regression approach learns parameters of a linear model to minimize least squares error for given training data. The Bayesian approach classifies operating modes according to supervised offline training and can discover new statistically significant modes online. As shown in Tuninter 1153 simulation result, dynamic Bayes classifier finds discrete error states on the fly while the error signatures approach requires every error state predefined. Using synthetic data, we compare the accuracy, response time, and adaptability of these machine learning techniques. Future dynamic data driven applications systems (DDDAS) using machine learning can identify complex dynamic data-driven failure models, which will in turn enable more accurate flight planning and control for emergency conditions.
University efforts to address confidentiality issues for STI services.

AbstractObjective: This study assessed university policies for addressing confidentiality issues for students seeking STI services. Participants: Universities with sponsored health insurance plans ...
Commensal Candida albicans Positively Calibrates Systemic Th17 Immunological Responses.

Summary Mucosal barriers are densely colonized by pathobiont microbes such as Candida albicans, capable of invasive disseminated infection. However, systemic infections occur infrequently in healthy individuals, suggesting that pathobiont commensalism may elicit host benefits. We show that intestinal colonization with C. albicans drives systemic expansion of fungal-specific Th17 CD4+ T cells and IL-17 responsiveness by circulating neutrophils, which synergistically protect against C. albicans invasive infection. Protection conferred by commensal C. albicans requires persistent fungal colonization and extends to other extracellular invasive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. However, commensal C. albicans does not protect against intracellular influenza virus infection and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation susceptibility, indicating that positively calibrating systemic Th17 responses is not uniformly beneficial. Thus, systemic Th17 inflammation driven by CD4+ T cells responsive to tonic stimulation by commensal C. albicans improves host defense against extracellular pathogens, but with potentially harmful immunological consequences.
MODERN MEDICAL DEVICES AND HOSPITAL DECISIONMAKING: A REVIEW OF ETHICAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND THE USE OF ADVANCED MEDICAL DEVICES

Background: The adoption of technologically advanced medical devices assisted healthcare providers to examine and treat diseases. However, technological advancements could increase the threats to safety, security, and reliability of the devices from complications associated with manufacturing, functionality, and the clinical application of the devices. Aim: To examine the safety threats, cost implication, and bioethical standards of the manufacturing processes and the functionality of advanced medical devices. Subject and Methods: The study was a narrative review through a qualitative research methodology. The secondary data was gathered from online databases including ProQuest, ResearchGate, CINAHL/EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, from books, journals, conference proceedings, and other web publications between 2007 and 2017. Results:There were safety hazards from human errors in the interpretation and the use of the advanced medical devices. Equipment imperfections and poor processes of maintenance and procurement affected the effective functionality of these medical devices. Healthcare expenditure was high, Social and bioethical considerations, users’ complaints and post-market surveillance were essential in ensuring the safety of the devices and the maintenance of quality life for the users. Conclusion: Safety hazards and cost implications of the use of technologically advanced medical devices were significantly high Social and bioethical standards in the manufacturing of medical devices contributed towards the production of safer devices.Keywords: Innovative medical devices, social and bioethical standards, healthcare costs, safety threats
Social Equity, Homonormativity, and Equality: An Intersectional Critique of the Administration of Marriage Equality and Opportunities for LGBTQ Social Justice

This article begins with a discussion of the current social equity scholarship and advocates for the increased use of intersectional tools in order to make legible those individuals who are made in...
Sex differences in youth elite swimming

Background The timing and magnitude of sex differences in athletic performance during early human development, prior to adulthood, is unknown. Objective To compare swimming velocity of boys and girls for all Olympic-length freestyle swimming events to determine the age of divergence in swimming performance. Methods We collected the all-time top 100 U.S. freestyle swimming performance times of boys and girls age 5 to 18 years for the 50m to 1500m events. Results Swimming performance improved with increasing age for boys and girls (p<0.001) until reaching a plateau, which initiated at a younger age for girls (15 years) than boys (17 years; sex×age; p<0.001). Prior to age 10, the top 5 swimming records for girls were 3% faster than the top boys (p<0.001). For the 10th-50th places, however, there were no sex-related differences in swimming performance prior to age 10 (p = 0.227). For both the top 5 and 10th-50th places, the sex difference in performance increased from age 10 (top 5, 2.5%; 10th-50th places, 1.0%) until age 17 (top 5, 7.6%; 10th-50th places, 8.0%). For all places, the sex difference in performance at age 18 was larger for sprint events (9.6%; 50-200m) than endurance events (7.1%; 400-1500m; p<0.001). Additionally, the sex-related difference in performance increased across age and US ranking from 2.4% for 1st place to 4.3% for 100th place (p<0.001), indicating less depth of performance in girls than boys. However, annual participation was ~20% higher in girls than boys for all ages (p<0.001). Conclusion The top 5 girls demonstrated faster swimming velocities and the 10th-50th place girls demonstrated similar swimming velocities than boys (until ~10 years). After age 10, however, boys demonstrated increasingly faster swimming velocities than girls until 17 years. Collectively, these data suggest girls are faster, or at least not slower, than boys prior to the performance-enhancing effects of puberty.
A call for institutional analysis: practicing polycentric political economy in policy research

In Public Governance and the Classical Liberal Perspective, Aligica et al. (2019) highlight the importance of conducting institutional analysis and experimentation as a means toward robust, adaptable polycentric governance. For policy researchers, engaging in the practice of polycentric political economy means analyzing the role of alternative governance mechanisms at the constitutional, policy, and operational levels of social interaction. In order to demonstrate how policymakers can engage in institutional analysis at each level, we examine the case study of state regulatory reform. We find that the pursuit of marginal improvements within an existing governance framework can contribute to institutional reform if researchers are focused on long-run institutional change. This requires looking at policy research as part of a process aimed at institutional experimentation and the reimagination of governance frameworks within a polycentric environment where researchers engage in coproduction of an adaptive and sustainable governance system.
Excellent strength-ductility synergy in metastable high entropy alloy by laser powder bed additive manufacturing

Abstract High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted scientific interest due to their good mechanical properties and failure resistance, whereas additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a powerful yet flexible processing route for advanced materials. However, limitations inherent in both these fields include HEAs display inferior mechanical properties in as cast condition; and AM demands expansion of printable alloys. A new metastable Fe40Mn20Co20Cr15Si5 (CS-HEA) HEA showing stabilized e-h.c.p. dominated microstructure after laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing has been evaluated. As-printed CS-HEA showed higher strength due to high work hardenability, whereas substantial uniform ductility is associated with a combination of transformation and twinning induced plasticity during deformation. Additionally, very low volume percent of voids (∼0.1 %) along with high strength-ductility shows excellent printability of the CS-HEA using laser-based additive manufacturing.
When one door closes, another door opens … for some: Evidence from the post‐TRIPS Indian pharmaceutical industry

Research Summary Firms' strategy choices are contextually dependent, yet internally delimited. A radical shift in institutional context forces firms to reevaluate the desirability and suitability of current strategies and assess the potential of new strategic opportunities. From 1970 to 1995, the Indian pharmaceutical industry operated under a process‐focused intellectual property regime and enjoyed legal protection to reverse engineer brand name drugs. In 1995, this protection ended with the introduction of the trade‐related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) Act. We examine the innovation response of Indian pharmaceutical firms in light of this regime shift focusing on the underlying internal factors influencing firms' strategic choices. We find that the scope and balance of firms' knowledge bases, which set capabilities and influence decision framing, dictate firms' innovative response. We further document how firms' strategic choices contribute to firm financial performance and the reshaping of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Managerial Summary From 1970 to 1995, the Indian pharmaceutical industry operated under a process‐focused intellectual property regime and enjoyed legal protection to reverse engineer brand name drugs. Following TRIPS in 1995, the intellectual property regime in India became stronger, with product patent enforcement being recognized. Indian pharmaceutical firms had to make strategic choices on the kind of innovation they would pursue under this new IP regime. This article shows that having broad and nonspecialized knowledge assets allowed firms to pursue the most novel innovation and engage in new product development. Having T‐shaped assets, that is, broad knowledge scope yet narrowly focused knowledge expertise, allowed firms to pursue process‐based innovation in areas close to their existing areas of expertise but not necessarily engage in new product development. The findings of this article shed light on what kind of knowledge base and workforce allows firms to adjust to technological and contextual changes.
Quantifying the effects of noise on early states of spinodal decomposition:: Cahn–Hilliard–Cook equation and energy-based metrics

Abstract An investigation into the dynamics of spinodal decomposition under varying levels of noise is presented. Obtaining a clear understanding of how noise affects the short-term dynamics of this phenomenon is critical for accurate model development and subsequent efforts for morphology control. Following the well-known Cahn–Hilliard model for phase separation, we present an efficient and scalable finite element–based framework to study the dynamics of spinodal decomposition. This framework is massively parallel with good scalability up to 100 k CPUs. In addition, we formulate a higher-order time scheme and discuss thermodynamically consistent numerical treatment of the added noise term through the use of a scalable, parallel random number generator. Then, we perform a high-throughput analysis of over 6400 independent simulations and examine the interplay between noise amplitude and various numerical features critical to model development (discretization, domain size, and boundary conditions). Our numerical results suggest that a proper treatment of the stochastic term is required to study the influence of noise on the initiation of phase separation. This opens avenues for microstructure control and has important implications for materials-by-design.
The Multi-factorial Complexity of Social Work Practice and Implications for Interventions.

Significant research efforts continue to evolve in regard to social work interventions. Few of these, however, address the factorial complexity of the phenomena addressed in social work practice. J...
Weak Target Detection in MIMO Radar via Beamspace Canonical Correlation

Reliable detection and accurate estimation of weak targets and their Doppler frequencies is a challenging problem in MIMO radar systems. Reflections from such targets are often overpowered by those from stronger nearby targets and clutter. Considering a 3-D data model where the coherent processing interval comprises multiple pulses, a novel weak target detection and estimation approach is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on creating partially overlapping spatial beams, and performing canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in the resulting beamspace. It is shown that if a target is present in the overlap sector, then its Doppler profile can be reliably estimated via beamspace CCA, even if hidden under much stronger interference from nearby targets and clutter. Numerical results are included to validate this theoretical claim, demonstrating that the proposed Beamspace Canonical Correlation (BCC) method yields considerable performance improvement over existing approaches.
Gamete simulation improves polygenic transmission disequilibrium analysis

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enjoyed great popularity in human genetics research. Applied to population cohorts, PRS can effectively stratify individuals by risk group and has promising applications in early diagnosis and clinical intervention. However, our understanding of within-family polygenic risk is incomplete, in part because the small samples per family significantly limits power. Here, to address this challenge, we introduce ORIGAMI, a computational framework that uses parental genotype data to simulate offspring genomes. ORIGAMI uses state-of-the-art genetic maps to simulate realistic recombination events on phased parental genomes and allows quantifying the prospective PRS variability within each family. We quantify and showcase the substantially reduced yet highly heterogeneous PRS variation within families for numerous complex traits. Further, we incorporate within-family PRS variability to improve polygenic transmission disequilibrium test (pTDT). Through simulations, we demonstrate that modeling within-family risk substantially improves the statistical power of pTDT. Applied to 7,805 trios of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands and healthy parents, we successfully replicated previously reported over-transmission of ASD, educational attainment, and schizophrenia risk, and identified multiple novel traits with significant transmission disequilibrium. These results provided novel etiologic insights into the shared genetic basis of various complex traits and ASD.
Lunatics, Idiots, Paupers, and Negro Seamen—Immigration Federalism and the Early American State

Why did it take the U.S. national government until 1882 to gain control over migration policies from the states, and what does this situation say about the strength of the early American State? This phenomenon is especially curious, since the control of entry into and across a nation is so fundamental to the very definition of a State. I argue that the delay of the national government takeover was not due to a lack of administrative capacity. Instead, there were regionally specific reasons that the states preferred to retain control of migration policy. The national government did not take over migration policy because of the strong nineteenth-century political-cultural understanding that many migration policies were properly within the province of local control. This article explains the timing and sequencing of state and federal controls over nineteenth-century migration policy and what this timing meant for the freedom of movement of many politically vulnerable classes of people.
Some Reflections on the past, Present and State-Dependent Future of Lotteries in American Gaming Law

This article discusses the past, present, and possible future of lottery playing in the U.S. in the legal context. After the introduction in Part I, Part II examines the history and development of lottery playing in the U.S. Part III discusses the development of lottery playing in the U.S. and the role that public policy plays in court determinations of the legality of lotteries. Part IV discusses lottery legalization in the U.S., while Part V addresses an example of the financial success of lotteries and presents some criticisms of lotteries as tax vehicles in lieu of taxation by legislative mandate. Part VI defines lotteries as a type of gambling in the U.S., and Part VII assesses the legal impact on public policy of legislative changes in state lottery laws. Part VIII reflects upon some of the consequences of state legalization of lotteries; then Part IX is the conclusion.
Addressing the Relationship between Economics and Climate Change: A Discussion of Principles

The majority of US colleges and universities have a degree requirement related to the principles of economics. As a result, nearly all college students have some exposure to economics during their ...
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection of an Anomalous Right Coronary Artery in a Young Male.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a tear in the coronary artery layers that presents clinically as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ventricular arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death (SCD). It is uncommon for young healthy males with no comorbid conditions to have SCAD. We report an interesting case of SCAD in an anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) in a young 33-year-old male. The patient presented with episodes of midsternal chest pain and had elevated troponins on laboratory workup. A left heart catheterization revealed anomalous RCA, originating from the left aortic sinus. The left heart catheterization also demonstrated a SCAD of the anomalous RCA. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted, and the patient had placement of saphenous vein graft to the proximal RCA. While this patient's presentation of ACS in the setting of SCAD is relatively common, it was atypical due to gender and lack of precipitating stressors. One of the risk factors this patient did have was the anomalous RCA arising from the left aortic sinus. There is scarce literature involving guidance for therapeutic intervention for RCA ostial lesion, let alone an anomalous one. Although coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the most clinically sound decision, in this case, further development of guidelines for RCA lesions would aid in decision-making.
The Sentences That Bind (The States)

In certain circumstances, federal district court judges impose criminal sentences that are required to be consecutive to yet-to-be-imposed state criminal sentences, including those state sentences that may, in fact, never be imposed. The federal courts of appeals are divided as to whether such sentences are statutorily authorized under the applicable provision, 18 U.S.C. ? 3584(a). This Note argues that the sentences are not authorized under the statute, and further, that the sentences infringe on states' and defendants' rights.
Financial Crisis and Asia's Changing Balance of Powers

When examining the impact of economic factors on the changing power balance (globally or regionally), IR scholars typically focus on long-term trends. Short-term, episodic, and disruptive events, such as financial crises, have not received sufficient theoretical attention. However, thanks to globalization, technological innovation, increased cross-border financial flows, and pro-liberalization policies, financial crises have become more frequent, widespread, and fickle, leaving behind strategic externalities. One good example is the relative gain and loss of Japan, China, and the United States in the aftermath of the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis. The 2008 financial crisis, which originated in the U.S., occurred within the backdrop of American military engagement abroad and economic weaknesses at home, China’s ascendancy in East Asia, and Japan’s persistent malaise. This paper studies the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on the changing power in East Asia. It examines three key questions: How has the crisis affected each major power in the region? How have those countries that gained (in relative terms) from the crisis translate their new power into new stature? How will short-term changes affect long-term trends?
Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Applications in Pediatric Practice

The statement “Children are not little adults” is a foundation of pediatric drug therapy referring to well-documented differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics existing between children and adults [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. It is therefore important to understand the influence of age on drug disposition, especially in neonates and infants, and resulting effects on drug activity. This chapter will provide brief discussions of principles of pediatric pharmacokinetics and knowledge of the effects of disease states upon disposition of cardiovascular drugs affecting safe and effective drug therapy.
Accelerated materials property predictions and design using motif-based fingerprints

Data-driven approaches are particularly useful for computational materials discovery and design as they can be used for rapidly screening over a very large number of materials, thus suggesting lead candidates for further in-depth investigations. A central challenge of such approaches is to develop a numerical representation, often referred to as a fingerprint, of the materials. Inspired by recent developments in cheminformatics, we propose a class of hierarchical motif-based topological fingerprints for materials composed of elements such as C, O, H, N, F, etc., whose coordination preferences are well understood. We show that these fingerprints, when representing either molecules or crystals, may be effectively mapped onto a variety of properties using a similarity-based learning model and hence can be used to predict the relevant properties of a material, given that its fingerprint can be defined. Two simple machine-learning-based procedures are introduced to demonstrate that the learning model can be inverted to identify the desired fingerprints and then to reconstruct molecules which possess a set of targeted properties.
Eminent Domain and Environmental Justice: A New Standard of Review in Discrimination Cases

Government takings of private land for public purposes are permitted by the United States Constitution. Recently, more takings have occurred that largely benefit private individuals rather than the general public. The land taken for private benefit has primarily been that of low-income and minority individuals. Similarly, toxic waste sites are most often placed in low-income and minority neighborhoods. The modern environmental justice movement helps to shed light on why low-income and minority property owners are targeted in this way. The U.S. Supreme Court should adjust its analysis of both takings cases and environmental justice cases to account for the inability of the victims of these government actions to prove discriminatory intent. Without this adjustment, the blatant disparate impact of these decisions will continue to disproportionately burden low income and minority individuals.
Amber Mutant of Bacteriophage Qβ Capable of Causing Overproduction of Qβ Replicase

Amber mutant am B86 of bacteriophage Qβ is capable of causing the production of five to eight times more viral replicase than wild-type phage. Su − bacteria infected with the mutant can carry the viral RNA in a plasmid-like state for many bacterial generations.
Real-Time Traffic Management on Optical Networks Using Dynamic Control of Cycle Duration

This paper proposes a new approach to real-time traffic management over a multihop optical network. Unlike the current preemption-based real-time traffic scheduling approaches (where, the QoS of the preempted traffic may suffer significantly), the proposed approach is based on dynamic creation of logical channels to support new arriving real-time messages. The logical channels are mapped to the TWDM (time-wave division multiplexed) transmission schedule of the optical media. Since, the new logical channels can support the fresh arrival of real-time messages, it may no longer be necessary to preempt an existing message. This feature offers significant QoS benefits to the existing traffic. The price paid for creation of the logical channel(s) is via an extension of the cycle time in the TWDM transmission schedule. Such extension of the cycle time imparts a uniform degree of slowdown to all the existing channels, and enforces excellent load balancing. A state machine model for dynamic control (i.e., extension, and/or shrinking) of the TWDM transmission schedule is proposed. Performance is measured using simulation.
Ground-to-orbit laser propulsion: Advanced applications

Laser propulsion uses a large fixed laser to supply energy to heat an inert propellant in a rocket thruster. Such a system has two potential advantages: extreme simplicity of the thruster, and potentially high performance, particularly high exhaust velocity. By taking advantage of the simplicity of the thruster, it should be possible to launch small (10 to 1000 kg) payloads to orbit using roughly 1 MW of average laser power per kg of payload. The incremental cost of such launches would be of an order of $200/kg for the smallest systems, decreasing to essentially the cost of electricity to run the laser (a few times $10/kg) for larger systems. Although the individual payload size would be smaller, a laser launch system would be inherently high-volume, with the capacity to launch tens of thousands of payloads per year. Also, with high exhaust velocity, a laser launch system could launch payloads to high velocities - geosynchronous transfer, Earth escape, or beyond - at a relatively small premium over launches to LEO. The status of pulsed laser propulsion is briefly reviewed including proposals for advanced vehicles. Several applications appropriate to the early part of the next century and perhaps valuable well into the next millennium are discussed qualitatively: space habitat supply, deep space mission supply, nuclear waste disposal, and manned vehicle launching.
Role of post-operative radiation boost for soft tissue sarcomas with positive margins following pre-operative radiation and surgery.

Background and Objectives The role of a radiation therapy (RT) boost for positive margins following pre-operative RT and surgery in extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is unclear. We assessed the contribution of a boost to local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Methods We identified 67 patients treated from 1987 to 2011 with pre-operative RT and surgery with positive margin(s). Select patients received a boost delivered as peri-operative Iridium-192 brachytherapy (BRT), intra-operative electrons (IORT), or post-operative external beam RT (EBRT). Results Ten patients received no RT boost, 10 received a BRT or IORT boost, and 47 received an EBRT boost. Five-year LC rates for no boost, BRT/IORT boost, and EBRT boost were 100%, 78%, and 71% (P = 0.5). On multivariate analysis, there were no significant predictors for LC. Variables associated with improved DFS rates were single positive margin (P = 0.007) and low tumor grade (P = 0.03). Tumor size <5 cm (P = 0.003), low grade (P = 0.001), and boost (P = 0.02) were associated with longer survival. Conclusions We did not identify a LC advantage for an RT boost. Given the unidentified selection factors for delivery of boost and its potential toxicities, its role in this setting remains unproven. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:817–822. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The low of the iterated logarithm for empirical processes under absolute regularity

The compact law of the iterated logarithm for empirical processes whose underlying sequence satisfies a β-mixing condition is considered. In particular, we show a compact law of the iterated logarithm for VC subgraph classes of functions, for classes of functions which satisfy the bracketing condition in Doukhanet al. (6) and for some classes of smooth functions.
The mRNAs encoding GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor subunits are localized in different cell populations of the bovine cerebellum.

Abstract The expression of the mRNAs encoding the α and β subunits of the GABA A /benzodiazepine receptor was examined in the bovine cerebellum by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The α subunit mRNA, which encodes the benzodiazepine binding site, was localized in all Purkinje and granule cells and in some cells of the molecular layer. The distribution of the R subunit mRNA, which encodes the GAGA binding site, only partially overlapped With that of the α subunit mRNA. While cells in the granule cell layer expressed the β subunit mRNA, no message could be detected in other cell populations. These findings suggest that the subunit composition of the GABA A /benzodiazepine receptor is heterogeneous and that additional, as yet unidentified, β subunits exist.
Blood groups and haptoglobins in the Eastern Carolines.

The ABO, MNS, Rh, and haptoglobin systems were examined in samples from the populations of Pingelap, Mokil, Ponape, and Kusaie. There is marked differentiation between neighboring islands.
Sensitivity of [11C]N-methylpyrrolidinyl benzilate ([11C]NMPYB) to endogenous acetylcholine: PET imaging vs tissue sampling methods.

Abstract Administration of phenserine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, raises endogenous brain acetylcholine levels and has been previously shown to reduce in vivo binding of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist [ 11 C]N-methylpyrrolidinyl benzilate ([ 11 C]NMPYB) in the awake rat brain. In this study, phenserine pretreatment was studied in both awake and isoflurane-anesthetized rats using the techniques of ex vivo dissection or in vivo microPET imaging. In ex vivo dissection experiments, a statistically significant 10% inhibition of [ 11 C]NMPYB binding could be demonstrated in both awake and anesthetized animals after phenserine pretreatment, showing no deleterious effect of using isoflurane anesthesia. However, microPET imaging in anesthetized animals failed to successfully demonstrate inhibition of [ 11 C]NMPYB binding following the identical phenserine treatment protocol. These results demonstrate that in small numbers of subjects ex vivo dissection may be a more sensitive experimental method for determining small changes of in vivo radiotracer binding in this model of neurotransmitter competition for brain receptor sites.
Oxidation-reduction properties of thioredoxins and thioredoxin-regulated enzymes.

Oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials have been measured for the two chloroplast thioredoxins, thioredoxin f and m, for ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase (FTR) and for the thioredoxin-regulated enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), phosphoribulokinase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase. The effects of pH on the midpoint potentials of these chloroplast proteins have been measured so that the effect of the light-induced increase in chloroplast stromal pH on the redox properties of the proteins can be calculated. Spectroscopic measurements on FTR and on an N-ethylmaleimide-modified derivative of the enzyme have been used to elucidate the role of the [4Fe-4S] cluster of FTR during the reduction of the enzyme's active-site disulfide by ferredoxin.
Phosphate Tether-Mediated Approach to the Formal Total Synthesis of (-)-Salicylihalamides A and B

A concise formal synthesis of the cytotoxic macrolides (-)-salicylihalamides A and B is reported. Key features of the synthetic strategy include a chemoselective hydroboration, highly regio- and diastereoselective methyl cuprate addition, Pd-catalyzed formate reduction, and an E-selective ring-closing metathesis to construct the 12-membered macrocycle subunit. Overall, two routes have been developed from a readily prepared bicyclic phosphate (4 steps), a 13-step route and a more efficient 9-step sequence relying on regioselective esterification of a key diol.
Elaborate analogies in science text: Tools for enhancing preservice teachers’ knowledge and attitudes

Preservice teachers studied texts about three fundamentally important science concepts. They read versions with no analogy, versions with a simple analogy, and versions with an elaborate analogy. An elaborate analogy is one that consists of text and pictorial components in which similarities between the analog and the target concept are made explicit. Verbal and imagery processes combine to promote a mapping of conceptual features. The findings indicated that elaborate analogies improved the science knowledge and attitudes of preservice teachers by relating what is familiar to what is new. The findings are consistent with a constructivist view of learning science and suggest that science texts for preservice teachers should be adapted to take advantage of elaborate analogies in a systematic way.
Nuclear domains in skeletal myotubes: the localization of transferrin receptor mRNA is independent of its half-life and restricted by binding to ribosomes.

Abstract The retention of mRNAs near the nuclei that synthesize them may be an important feature of the organization of multinucleated skeletal myotubes. Here, we assess the possible role of two factors in this localization. First, we examine the role of mRNA half-life, by studying the distribution of the mRNA for the transferrin receptor (TfR), whose half-life can be manipulated in culture by changing the availability of iron.In situhybridization of myotubes of the mouse muscle cell line C2 shows that TfR mRNA is concentrated in the core of the myotubes. Its distribution around the nuclei is often asymmetric and its concentration changes abruptly. Stable transcripts display the same asymmetric localization as unstable ones, suggesting that half-life does not determine subcellular localization of TfR mRNA. Differential effects of the protein synthesis inhibitors puromycin and cycloheximide suggest that the mRNA is retained in position by its association with ribosomes. We then examine the distribution of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and find it to be broader than the distribution of TfR mRNA. In contrast to TfR mRNA, the mRNA for a secreted immunoglobulin κ light chain has a more uniform distribution. Taken together, the results suggest that TfR mRNA may associate with RER subdomains by specific targeting.
Providing culturally sensitive care for transgender patients

Culturally sensitive information is crucial for providing appropriate care to any minority population. This article provides an overview of important issues to consider when working with transgender patients, including clarification of transgender terminology, diagnosis issues, identity development, and appropriate pronoun use. We also review common clinical issues for transgender individuals seeking mental health care, how these can be addressed within a CBT framework, and the process of setting up a CBT support group within a VA hospital system. CBT group outcome data and demonstrative examples from male to female transsexuals are also presented.
Ignition and extinction in a model problem with parallel endothermic and exothermic reactions

Abstract S-shaped curves occur widely in the modelling of chemical reactors and these give rise to multiple steady-states and hysteresis. At the turning points of an S-shaped curve the behavior of the solutions is catastrophic. The turning points for distributed parameter systems are usually calcualted numerically. In this paper we describe, for a model problem, how such catastrophic behavior can be obtained by considering them to be imperfections of systems whose bifurcation diagrams exhibit sub-critical instability. This facilitates approximate calculation of the critical points, i.e. the ignition and extinction points as given by the turning points of the S-shaped curve. The problem, we have considered, is the stability of two zeroth order reactions—one endothermic and the other exothermic. We use a perturbation approach to construct the solutions. Such a calculation helps us divide the parameter space into different regions. The nature of the solutions in each region is explained, wherever possible.
Infections associated with locking reconstruction plates: A retrospective review

Purpose: In this study, we examined the incidence of infection with the use of a locking reconstruction bone plate/system. Patients and Methods: All patients, treated with a locking reconstruction bone plate/screw system for mandible fractures in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service over a 28-month period at a level I trauma center, were evaluated through a retrospective chart review by independent examiners. The use of a locking reconstruction plate was determined by the attending staff involved in the patient's care. Patient population included single, bilateral, and comminuted fractures. Patient characteristics were noted and include dentate versus edentulous, smoking history, and history of previous infection. Results: Fifty-six locking bone plates were placed in 42 patients. Eight (19%) of the patients were infected before treatment. A persistent infection remained in 3 of these 8 patients (37.5%). Two patients (5.8%), with 3 fracture sites (6.4%) developed postoperative infection that required further intervention. All 5 of the patients who were infected after surgery were heavy smokers. History of preoperative infection and smoking appear to be significant factors in the etiology of postoperative infection. All postoperative infections resolved successfully with local measures and with no loss of fixation. Conclusion: The use of locking reconstruction plates can facilitate the management of complicated fractures; however, it does not eliminate complications. Postoperative infections are related to numerous factors, including preoperative incidence of infection, smoking, and proper use of the plates. © 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:462-466, 2003
Implantation of a refillable glucose monitoring-telemetry device.

Abstract This study describes the components and short-term in vivo evaluation of an integrated implantable system consisting of an amperometric glucose biosensor, a miniature potentiostat, a FM signal transmitter, and a power supply. The device (dimensions: 5·0 × 7·0 × 1·5 cm) was implanted subcutaneously in healthy mongrel dogs. The biosensor performance was evaluated in vitro prior to implantation using standard solutions simulating the physiological environment. A linear response to glucose concentration was observed throughout the physiological and pathophysiological range (with an upper limit of 25 mM glucose, and a sensitivity of 0·5 μA/mM). The results of short-term subcutaneous implantation of the integrated system demonstrated good agreement between the glucose concentration measured by the biosensor and that obtained using standard glucose determination methods. The delay-time between the tissue glucose level (measured by the biosensor) and the blood glucose level (obtained by standard methodology) was 3–7 min. These results demonstrated the feasibility of data transmission by a telemetry system through the skin of a dog and allowed the commencement of chronic in vivo testing. During the chronic implantation the biosensor was refilled in vivo . A rejuvenation of the sensor's response after refilling was observed suggesting the potential of such sensors for long-term implantation.
Glottal Cues for Parent Judgment of Emotional Aspects of Infant Vocalizations

Twenty-four vocalizations of a four-month-old child were judged by the child’s mother for emotional content. An acoustical analysis was performed on the samples. Multiple regression analysis reveal...
Temik: A systemic insecticide effective in delaying verticillium wilt of potato

When 15 pounds per acre of 10% granular temik were banded on Russet Burbank potato at planting and the same amount side-dressed 39 days later, the vine symptoms of Verticillium wilt were delayed longer and the yield was increased significantly over plants banded at planting with 30 pounds per acre of GC 6506, NIA 10242 or phorate. More and larger tuber were produced by plants treated with temik. Only 0.29% of the tubers from temik-treated plants had root-knot nematode galls, whereas 64% of the tubers from the nontreated plants had symptoms. There was evidence that GC 6506, NIA 10242 and phorate restricted tuber infestation by this nematode. There was no evidence thatM. hapla had penetrated the skin of gallfee tubers and caused necrosis of the tissue. The specific gravity of tubers from plants that received temik was lower than the average value of Russet Burbank tubers grown in eastern Washington, but the percentage of U. S. No. 1 tubers was representative for this variety. Special note: The systemic insecticides used in this experiment have not been registered for use as fungicides.
Effect of severe burn injury on substrate cycling by glucose and fatty acids.

Abstract Increases in metabolic rate and core temperature are common responses to severe injury. We have investigated the hypothesis that these responses are due to increases in substrate cycling. A substrate cycle exists when opposing, nonequilibrium reactions catalyzed by different enzymes are operating simultaneously. At least one of the reactions must involve the hydrolysis of ATP. Thus, a substrate cycle both liberates heat and increases energy expenditure, yet there is no net conversion of substrate to product. In studies in volunteers (n = 18) and in patients with severe burns who were in a hypermetabolic state (n = 18), we used stable-isotope tracers to quantify substrate cycling in the pathways of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and a cycle involving the simultaneous breakdown and synthesis of stored triglyceride (triglyceride–fatty acid cycle). The total rates of triglyceride–fatty acid and glycolytic–gluconeogenic cycling were elevated in the patients by 450 and 250 percent, respectively (P<0.01...
Positron studies of mercury-indium alloys

Ratios of coincidence counting rates of annihilation gammas at 0 and 10m rad were measured for 16 atomic percentages of indium in liquid mercury. Theory of trapping of positrons at solute atoms and solute-vacancy complexes is applied. Complete angular correlation measurements for 14.3, 25, 35, and 50 atomic percentages of indium were also made and showed possible effects of solute-vacancy complexes on the smearing of the angular correlation distributions.