cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of carbon dioxide relevant to its utilization: a personal perspective.

This presentation provides a review of the author’s research group’s contributions to the organometallic chemistry of carbon dioxide with a focus on incorporating this information into the development of an effective means for producing chemicals from this greenhouse gas. The types of chemistry addressed include insertion reactions of CO2 into M−H, M−C, and M−O bonds as well as seminal contributions related to the copolymerization reactions of CO2 and cyclic ethers. Relevant to this latter subject, efforts were made to place the author’s achievements into perspective with the accomplishments of other investigators, but these efforts were not meant to be exhaustive.
Epidemiological analysis of HIV/AIDS and syphilis in 801 MSM in Chengguan District of Lanzhou

Objective To understand epidemic trend of syphilis and AIDS in men who have sex with men(MSM) to analyze risk factors and provide scientific evidence for reducing infection rates of syphilis and HIV/AIDS in MSM.Methods Relevant data of knowledge,behavior questionnaire and serological information of MSM in Chengguan District from 2012to 2013 were analyzed.Results Out of the investigated 801 MSM,the youngest was at age of 17 year-old,while the oldest was at age of 57 year-old,with the dominant from 21-30 year-old(52.18%).Most of them were under background of high school(41.95%),and the unmarried accounted for 73.16%,and the native people occupied 92.76%,with awareness rate of knowledge about HIV/AIDS of 81.40%.The condom utilization rate was 81.26% for the latest anal homosexual intercourse,and only 34.53% for the last six months anal homosexual intercourse for each time.About 50% had commercial sex in the last six months with condom for each time of 62.25%,and 14.36% MSM occurred heterosexual intercourse in the last six months and 51.22% with condom for each time.Positive rate was 3.75% of HIV and 10.61% of syphilis.Conclusions Low condom utilization rate in MSM in Chengguan District of Lanzhou,multi-sexual partners,high infection rate of syphilis increase the spread of HIV.Bisexuality of some MSM is the risk of spreading HIV to general population.
Determination of Trace Aluminum in Water by Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometry

[Objective] To establish a solution to determination of trace aluminum.[Methods] A spectrophotomer was used to record before-and-after absorbances of an oxidative fading reaction of methyl red by potassium bromate catalyzed by aluminum in boiling water bath.[Results] The linear range of the proposed method was 40-800 μg/L,the correlation coefficient(r) was 0.998 9,and the detection limit was 8.0 μg/L.[Conclusion] A simple,sensitive and accurate catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for aluminum determination in water is established.
Non-isotopic Method for In Situ LncRNA Visualization and Quantitation

In mammals and other eukaryotes, most of the genome is transcribed in a developmentally regulated manner to produce large numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Genome-wide studies have identified thousands of lncRNAs lacking protein-coding capacity. RNA in situ hybridization technique is especially beneficial for the visualization of RNA (mRNA and lncRNA) expression in a heterogeneous population of cells/tissues; however its utility has been hampered by complicated procedures typically developed and optimized for the detection of a specific gene and therefore not amenable to a wide variety of genes and tissues.Recently, bDNA has revolutionized RNA in situ detection with fully optimized, robust assays for the detection of any mRNA and lncRNA targets in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh frozen tissue sections using manual processing.
In vitro fertilizing ability of testicular, epididymal, and ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa.

The fertilizing ability of testicular, epididymal, and ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa was evaluated in vitro following in vitro capacitation by high ionic strength treatment Fewer than 11% of inseminated ova were apparently fertilized (i.e., in pronuclear, two-, and four-cell stages as determined by light microscopy) when testicular sperm treated with caffeine, caput epididymal, or corpus epididymal sperm samples were tested. A greater fertilizing ability, reflected by the percentage of ova fertilized and more normal progression of embryonic development, was exhibited by cauda epididymal sperm. Of 93 ova, 68 (73.1%) were fertilized by cauda sperm, whereas ejaculated sperm from the same 10 bucks fertilized 34 (36.6%) of 93 ova (P
The First Americans: Debating the origins of Native Americans

But in the Southe parte of that contrey, The people go nakyed always, The lande is of so great hete! In the North parte all the clothes That they were is but bestes skynnes, They have no nother fete; But howe the people furst began In that contrey, or whens they cam, For clerkes it is questyon John Rastell, Interlude of the Four Elements (1520) (in Huddleston, 1967: 110) EARLY EUROPEAN THOUGHT ON NATIVE AMERICAN ORIGINS Some of the most perplexing questions in American prehistory concern how and when humans first colonized the New World. Since the sixteenth century, Americanist scholars have debated the origin of Native American peoples. In 1492, most scholars felt that Columbus had sailed to islands just off the coast of Cathay (Asia), so there was no need to question the origin of people he met in Hispanola: it was clear that they were Asians. However, by 1503, “[Amerigo] Vespucci had seen so much of the coastline of America (from Argentina to North Carolina) … that he became convinced it could not be Asia.” (Huddleston, 1967: 5). This prompted European speculation that the inhabitants were not therefore Asians. So who were they? How did humans get to the “New World”? In the sixteenth century, putative answers came fast and furious, based on scanty evidence.
Visual Components of Print Advertising: the U.S. and Korea

This study analyses magazine advertisements from the US and Korea to identify crosscultural similarities and differences in the visual appeal. Specific hypotheses are examined regarding: elements of the visual, the process of visual appeal, and people in the visual.
Evaluation of platinum pharmacogenomics and response, toxicity and survival in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiation

C133 Introduction: Pharmacogenomic (PG) variables have been increasingly recognized as predicting clinical outcomes for patients receiving chemotherapy in several cancers. Prior studies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have assessed nucleotide excision repair capacity in cancer tissue, in patients mostly receiving chemotherapy as single-modality therapy. There is paucity of data regarding the clinical impact of germline polymorphisms in the NER and platinum detoxyfying pathways in patients (pts) with stage III NSCLC treated with chemoradiation (CRT). Historically, this treatment is associated with severe toxicities in 20-30% of pts and results in a median survival of 15-17 months. Methods: The study was IRB approved and signed informed consent was obtained from all patients. Pts with stage III NSCLC being followed in the oncology clinic were eligible for this study if they had completed CRT including cisplatin (at least 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) or carboplatin (at least AUC=2 weekly), plus concurrent radiation therapy at doses of 5000 cGy or higher. Single-nucleotide polymoprhisms (SNPs) were assessed by DNA pyrosenquencing from peripheral blood for the following genes: ERCC1(N118N), ERCC2 (K751Q and R156R)), XRCC1(R399Q) and GSTP1(I105V). Charts and CT scans were reviewed for analysis of efficacy and toxicity. Results: PG results for 12 eligible pts are currently available. Median age was 58.5 yrs (52-78). 11 pts were caucasians. Median FEV1: 1.4L (0.7-2.6). 4 pts received cisplatin and 8 carboplatin. 10 pts had systemic comorbidities. Median radiation dose was 6390 cGy (5000-7020). Median % of total lung volume receiving 2000 cGy or more (V20) was 28% (14-38%). 6 pts had severe toxicities during or soon after CRT and 3 pts required treatment breaks. Responses by RECIST: 2 CR, 7 PR, 3 SD. Median duration of follow-up was 16.5 months (9-61) and median DFS was 11 months (5-61). To date, 7 pts had cancer recurrence and 3 of these pts have died. PG results: ERCC1: C/C (2), C/T (3), T/T (7); ERCC2 (K751Q locus): A/A (6), A/C (4), C/C (2); XRCC1: G/G (9), G/A (3), A/A (0); GSTP1: A/A (1); A/G (9), G/G (2). Notably, evaluation of 4 pts who are alive more than 1 year, and still without recurrence, reveals that all 4 are T/T for ERCC1 and A/A for ERCC2, and 3 of 4 were G/G for XRCC1. Conclusions: Baseline clinical characteristics were typical for this patient population. There was substantial variability in response to treatment in this cohort of patients. The data is preliminary and does not allow definitive correlations with toxicity or survival at this time. Accrual and additional PG testing are ongoing. Updated results will be available at the meeting. A formal multivariate analysis will be performed upon larger accrual. Abbreviations: AUC= area under the curve; ERCC=excision repair cross complementing; XRCC= x-ray cross complementing; GSTP1= glutathione S-Transferase P1; FEV1= forced expiratory volume in 1 second; CR= complete response; PR= partial response; SD= stable disease.
Outcomes of retesting BRCA negative patients using multigene panels

The utility of multigene panels in retesting patients who previously tested negative for a pathogenic mutation by BRCA1/2 testing is not well established. Patients who previously tested negative for a pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation by standard sequencing, and who were seen in cancer genetics center between November 1, 2012 and June 30, 2015 for additional testing utilizing multigene panels, were identified using our genetic testing registry. Data on demographics, personal and family history of cancer, results of panel testing and the impact on patient management was collected retrospectively. A total of 122 patients underwent retesting during the study period. Thirteen (11%) pathogenic mutations were identified in the following genes: CHEK2(4), PALB2(3), ATM(2), CDH1, APC, BARD1 and MRE11A. Eleven out of these thirteen mutations were deemed actionable based on published guidelines. Of these eleven, seven patients had an actual change in clinical management as a result of retesting. Furthermore, retesting also led to a change in clinical management in the two patients with mutations in genes (BARD1 and MRE11A) which do not have clear guidelines for management. There were no significant differences in demographics and personal and family history of cancer between patients who tested positive and those who tested negative on retesting. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of multigene panels in a group of high risk individuals who previously tested negative for a BRCA1/2 mutation. This retesting approach revealed a pathogenic mutation in 11% of cases. Retesting led to significant change in clinical management in a majority of patients with actionable mutations (7 out of 11), as well as in those with mutations in genes which do not have specific management guidelines.
Transapical beating-heart mitral valve repair using a cordal implantation device-are we ready to open our minds?

Mitral valve (MV) disease is one of the most prevalent of heart valve disorders in the world with about 2% of the population living with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) (1).
Immune based prognostic biomarkers for multiple anticancer therapies in lung adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. This subtype of lung cancer shows an average five-year survival rate of 15–17%, which is mainly due to late diagnosis and specific prognostic evaluation for therapy recommendation. There is an urgent need for developing reliable prognostic biomarkers to predict the success of the therapy and devise effective treatment strategies. In this study, we analyze gene expression data using RNA-seq from patients suffering from lung adenocarcinoma, who were subjected to one of four different anticancer therapies and demonstrated one of two-response phenotype post-therapy. We used gene set enrichment analysis to predict the outcome of multiple anticancer therapies based on host immune response. Results indicate the gene expression based study offers an avenue to short list putative-biomarkers for each anticancer therapy, which can be used for effective diagnostics and personalized treatment to improve therapeutic outcome in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
VIS keynote address

Recent theories of the wealth and poverty of nations put the accent on the accumulation of collective know how. The fundamental difference between rich and poor countries is not in the average level of individual skills of their citizens but in the kinds of things that can be done collectively. This creates an important visualization problem: how to measure and represent the differential levels of collective know how between countries and regions? How to visualize its evolution in time? How to identify more feasible and effective paths for progress? How can visualization help orient the efforts of the public and private sectors in enhancing progress?
Modified In-Office Maxillary Balloon Sinus Dilation for Post-Procedure Sinus Monitoring and Access

Introduction As experience grows with in-office balloon sinus dilation (BSD) procedures, technique modifications will evolve to meet specific needs. The major disadvantage with the maxillary BSD procedure is that the intact uncinate process prevents visualization of and instrument access into the maxillary sinus both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Combining a partial or complete uncinectomy procedure with maxillary BSD could be beneficial in selected patients with certain maxillary sinus problems. Objective The primary objective of this study was to see if, in selected patients, combining an uncinectomy and maxillary sinus BSD together allowed visualization of and access to the maxillary sinus cavity at the time of the procedure and at follow-up visits. Method A chart review was completed for BSD cases performed from 2013 through mid-2015 identifying patients who underwent partial or complete uncinectomy with in-office maxillary sinus BSD. A total of 14 patients were identified, with 26 sinuses treated. The data collected included: difficulty or problems in performing an uncinectomy with the maxillary sinus BSD; visualization and access to the maxillary sinus cavity both intraoperatively and at follow-up visits; and occurrence of complications or late adverse sequelae. All patients completed a minimum 6-month follow-up. Results Combined uncinectomy and maxillary sinus BSD procedures were easily completed for all patients without complications, and no late adverse sequelae were encountered. The maxillary sinuses could be visualized and accessed, if needed, intraoperatively and at all follow-up visits. Conclusions In selected subsets of maxillary sinus conditions this procedure modification can provide significant benefits. A case is presented for illustration.
Integrated and Equal Is Better: How Desistance Theories Represent the Process of Maturation

Because to this point there are many perspectives and full-blown theories of desistance, it is important to begin to make sense of the theoretical literature. Are theories competing or mutually exclusive? Or do they represent pieces of a larger developmental literature? Interestingly, history is relevant here. In the 1930s, the criminologists Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck, drawing on their own longitudinal data, argued that people stop offending due to maturation. However, they left it to future researchers to flesh out the ‘components’ of maturation. Drawing on that unfinished work by the Gluecks, this chapter describes a maturational perspective of desistance that unites the major theories existing in the literature. Rocque then specifies five ‘domains’ of maturation and reviews research bearing on this perspective.
Metabolomics Analysis of Effects of Commercial Soy-based Protein Products in Red Drum (Sciaenops Ocellatus)

We investigated the metabolic effects of four different commercial soy-based protein products on red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics along with unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate metabolic profiles in liver, muscle, and plasma tissues. Specifically, during a 12 week feeding trial, juvenile red drum maintained in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system were fed four different commercially available soy formulations, containing the same amount of crude protein, and two reference diets as performance controls: a 60% soybean meal diet that had been used in a previous trial in our lab and a natural diet. Red drum liver, muscle, and plasma tissues were sampled at multiple time points to provide a more accurate snapshot of specific metabolic states during the grow-out. PCA score plots derived from NMR spectroscopy data sets showed significant differences between fish fed the natural diet and the soy-based diets, in...
Histochemical Study of Urethral Striated Musculature in the Dog

AbstractThe striated musculature of the dog urethra was studied histochemically. Two main groups of muscle fibers could be identified: 1 with slow twitch oxidative fibers, which are fatigue resistant (type 1), and 1 with fast twitch fibers (type 2). The fast twitch fibers were subdivided into glycolytic (fatiguable) and oxidative glycolytic (fatigue resistant) fibers: the latter constitute 20 per cent of all fast twitch fibers. Type 1 constitutes 35 per cent of the whole musculature and its proportion tends to decrease toward the distal end of the external urethral sphincter. From these observations we infer that type 1 fibers are likely responsible for continence at rest and that type 2 fibers are recruited in stress conditions, for example, during coughing or sneezing. Additional studies are needed to confirm this conjecture. The clinical implications of these studies for the control of incontinence, urinary retention and dyssynergic urethral sphincter are presented.
Customer Emotional Labor in Service Settings: A Mixed-Method Investigation of Display Rules

The current work adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, integrating the services management literature on co-creation of value with the psychological literature on emotional labor. Specifically, ...
Can’t Hurt, Might Help: Examining the Spillover Effects From Purposefully Adopting a New Pro-Environmental Behavior:

This field experiment investigated whether purposefully adopting a new pro-environmental behavior (e.g., unplugging appliances, reusing shopping bags) led to positive spillover by altering people’s...
Learning the Lessons from the Euromaidan: The ups and downs of LGBT Activism in the Ukrainian public sphere

This paper addresses the growing visibility of LGBT civil society organizations in Ukraine’s political sphere after the Euromaidan. Drawing on the data collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews; participant observations; and an analysis of social media, this study answers this question: How did Ukrainian LGBT groups reshape their political strategies after the Euromaidan? The Euromaidan was an anti-government, citizens’ protest that began in November 2013 in response to the government’s unlawful actions. During it, Ukrainian LGBT activists strategically decided to keep their presence in the protest camp invisible. Though this helped to avoid conflicts, the LGBT movement’s hopes for reforms in sexual minorities’ rights after the Euromaidan remained unfulfilled. This article illuminates how the LGBT activists’ approach to the public sphere in post-Euromaidan Ukraine has changed. It argues that the LGBT movement’s disillusion over the new government’s lack of support triggered a wave of LGBT activism that has resulted in new political strategies. Despite the visible backlash against sexual minorities in 2014–2015, Ukraine’s current turmoil has given the LGBT movement opportunities for political alliances and transnational activism that have seemed to have borne fruit.
Abstract 18168: External Validation of Right Heart Failure Risk Scores Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation and Evaluation of the Role of Emerging Echocardiographic Indices

Introduction: Preoperative risk scores for right heart failure (RHF) following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation show a discrimination in outcome prediction in derivation cohorts but have not undergone extensive external validation. The aims of the study were to externally validate previously described RHF risk scores and to determine to which extent novel echocardiographic indices can improve risk stratification. Methods: We evaluated five clinical RHF risk scores (Michigan, Kormos et al, Penn, CRITT, and Utah) in 158 patients (age 56.0±12.6; 78.5% men; 36.7% destination therapy) having undergone continuous-flow LVAD implantation between February 2009 and August 2015. Clinical, laboratory, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic data were compared between patients with and without RHF, and risk factors identified. Measures of right heart function included right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVLS), right atrial end-systolic area index (RAAI), and right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC). Results: RHF occurred in 36.7% of patients. Three of the 5 scores were different from the null hypothesis, yet the discriminative performance was modest (CRITT score C=0.66 [0.58-0.74], Michigan score C=0.61 [0.53-0.69], Kormos score C=0.60 [0.51-0.67]). Our multivariate analysis identified INTERMACS profile (OR 2.29 [1.38-3.79, p=0.001]) and bilirubin greater than 1.7mg/dL (OR 2.39 [1.03-5.56], p=0.043), RAAI (OR 2.75 [1.32-5.75], p=0.007) and RVGLS (OR 2.20 [1.01-4.82], p=0.048) as independently associated with RHF. The C-statistic for this model was 0.77 [0.69-0.83]. Conclusions: Predictive risk scores for post-LVAD RHF perform modestly in external validation cohorts. Novel echocardiographic right heart parameters, such as RA size and RVLS, moderately improve the performance of clinical scores.
Sharp interface approaches and deep learning techniques for multiphase flows

Abstract We present a review on numerical methods for simulating multiphase and free surface flows. We focus in particular on numerical methods that seek to preserve the discontinuous nature of the solutions across the interface between phases. We provide a discussion on the Ghost-Fluid and Voronoi Interface methods, on the treatment of surface tension forces that avoid stringent time step restrictions, on adaptive grid refinement techniques for improved efficiency and on parallel computing approaches. We present the results of some simulations obtained with these treatments in two and three spatial dimensions. We also provide a discussion of Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques in the context of multiphase flows and propose several future potential research thrusts for using deep learning to enhance the study and simulation of multiphase flows.
Computational Challenges of Structure-Based Approaches Applied to HIV

Open image in new window Three-dimensional model of mature HIV. A cutaway view of mature HIV includes the capsid (gray, with pentamers in yellow) and nucleocapsid (red), matrix protein (green), accessory proteins (magenta), membrane (white), and envelope protein (blue). The model was generated using CellPACK by Graham Johnson
Markov Chains in Continuous Time; Uniformization; Reversibility

A Markov chain in continuous time may be treated as a Markov chain in discrete time with random Poisson transition epochs, or as a limit of such discrete time chains. The uniformization procedure establishing a theoretical bridge between discrete and continuous time is simple and has a variety of benefits, computational and theoretical. In particular ergodicity and time-reversibility for Markov chains may be discussed in this way. The prevalence and importance of time-reversible chains is examined.
Designing a Solid Electrolyte III. Proton Conduction and Composites

Among the ions, the proton is unique in the character of its bonding and hence in the variety of movements available to it. In any discussion of the basic proton movements, it is necessary to distinguish at the outset the hydrogen bonding in hydrides from that encountered in ionic materials.
Methodological Issues in the Study of Outcome

Outcome studies provide the crucial data for evaluating the natural course of an illness, the effect of treatment interventions, and the predictors of outcome. However, major problems have arisen in attempting to develop adequate methodology for these studies. A survey of outcome research from a methodologic perspective shows the progress from rudimentary, unreliable, clinical evaluation of patients to increasing recognition that systematic and reliable data collection are essential aspects of scientific investigation. Even though recent methods do not provide research techniques that are entirely satisfactory, several important advances have been made.
Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Therapies: Update on a Previous Review After the American Headache Society 60th Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, June 2018.

Objective To briefly update and correct the available data on anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) therapies for headache since the American Headache Society 60th Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, June 2018. Background CGRP is a target for primary headache therapies. Methods The author briefly reviews the new data and publications on gepants and anti-CGRP and anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibodies since the writing of his previous review in May 2018, with an emphasis on data provided at the American Headache Society 60th Scientific Meeting, San Francisco, June 2018. Results The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved erenumab-aooe, an anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody, for the prevention of migraine on May 17, 2018. On September 14, 2018, the FDA approved fremanezumab-vfrm and on September 26, 2018, the FDA approved galcanezumab-gnlm, both anti-CGRP ligand monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of migraine. Galcanezumab showed effectiveness in preventing episodic cluster headache as well, although has not yet been submitted to the FDA for this indication. Both galcanezumab and fremanezumab failed to prevent chronic cluster headache. Eptinezumab will likely be submitted to the FDA for prevention of migraine later in 2018. Two gepants, ubrogepant and rimegepant, have completed positive pivotal trials for the acute treatment of migraine, but have not yet been submitted to the FDA for this indication. A press release with data on the effectiveness of daily atogepant in migraine prevention provides some details. An announcement at the meeting suggests daily rimegepant will be tested for prevention as well. Conclusions The development of anti-CGRP therapies opens a new era in the acute and preventive treatment of primary headache disorders.
Association of antinuclear antibody status with clinical features and malignancy risk in adult-onset dermatomyositis.

Background The clinical significance of antinuclear antibody (ANA) status in adults with dermatomyositis (DM) has yet to be fully defined. Objective We compared the incidence of amyopathic disease, risk of malignancy, and clinical findings in ANA+ and ANA− patients with adult-onset DM. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with ANA+ or ANA− adult-onset DM determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of 231 patients, 140 (61%) were ANA+ and 91 (39%) were ANA–. Compared with the ANA− patients, the ANA+ patients had a lower frequency of dysphagia (15% vs 26% [P = .033]) and heliotrope rash (38% vs 53% [P = .026]). In all, 54 patients (23%) developed malignancy within 3 years of diagnosis of their DM; 11% of the ANA+ patients developed malignancy versus 43% of the ANA− patients (P Limitations The retrospective nature of the study was a limitation. Conclusion In patients with adult-onset DM, ANA negativity is associated with increased likelihood of development of malignancy within 3 years of diagnosis of their DM. Particularly close follow-up and frequent malignancy screening may be warranted in ANA− individuals with DM.
Irrational Square Roots

If students are presented the standard proof of irrationality of √2, can they generalize it to a proof of the irrationality of √p, p a prime if, instead of considering divisibility by p, they cling...
The Incidence of Perioperative Stroke: Estimate Using State and National Databases and Systematic Review.

Background and purpose Perioperative stroke remains a devastating complication after surgical procedures, due to hemodynamic and inflammatory changes that increase the risk of strokes within 30 days following surgery. We aimed to assess the incidence of perioperative strokes in patients undergoing various surgical procedures and reach a national estimate. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using California State Inpatient Databases, State Emergency Department Databases, State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases, and the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) during the period 2008 to 2011 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to obtain published articles that reported the incidence of perioperative stroke in various surgical procedures. Results Analysis of 3,694,410 surgical encounters from the state of California (mean±standard deviation age: 52.4±21.1 years) yielded an overall rate of perioperative stroke of 0.32% (n=11,759). The incidence of perioperative strokes was highest following neurological (1.25%), vascular (1.07%), and cardiac (0.98%) surgeries. The NIS database contained a total of 48,672,974 weighted hospitalizations and yielded a rate of perioperative stroke of 0.42% (n=204,549). The systematic review completed yielded 187 articles, which had an overall sample size of 184,922 and an incidence of perioperative stroke ranging from 0% to 13.86%. It is estimated that in any given year, there would be approximately 40,000 to 55,000 (0.33% to 0.46%) perioperative strokes nationally. Conclusion s Our findings support further strategies to identify and stratify patients undergoing surgical procedures with a high incidence of perioperative strokes to improve patient counseling and a future potential treatment plan.
Simulation Design and Development for Learning Seasons and Lunar Phases using HTML5 and JavaScript

This paper presents our recent work in progress aiming to design effective learning simulations of day/night and seasons and lunar phases using web technology for K-12 Earth and Environmental science curriculum. Two interactive simulations using HTML5, JavaScript and CSS are developed with steerable parameters for students to interact and manipulate. The design and development details are discussed in this paper. We are currently in the process of designing the lesson plans with various investigations to engage students with the seasons and lunar phases concepts as well as assessments to evaluate their learning outcomes.
Electro-Thermodynamics Modeling of Aluminum Smelter Load Based on Direct Load Control

The aluminum smelter load is a kind of high-quality thermal storage characteristic load, which will not affect the production quality of electrolytic aluminum if the power is cut off for a short time or the operation parameters are adjusted. In addition, the individual load of aluminum smelter load is large, which is convenient for centralized control. Therefore, it is of great significance to bring the aluminum smelter load into the direct load control. In this paper, the basic working principle of aluminum smelter load is analyzed. On this basis, the electrothermal characteristic model of aluminum smelter load is put forward, which can quantitatively describe the relationship between input power and electrolyte temperature, and provide load control constraints for the direct control of electrolytic aluminum. The feasibility of aluminum smelter load participating in direct load control is verified by simulation example.
First World Problems

This chapter begins Part II, which explains and defends the energy orthodoxy in a new voice, namely, that of a recent ‘convert’ to the orthodox faith. The chapter reframes the so-called paradoxes of a high-energy life as “First World Problems.” Climate change is also a first world problem. This chapter uses a parable to illustrate the logic and moral force of the energy orthodoxy, which is about controlling fate to achieve comfort, convenience, and security. Next, the chapter reframes the Anthropocene as a universal human accomplishment, albeit one that required a particular culture to finally unlock the winning formula to control fate.
Sulfonamide Compounds as Voltage Gated Sodium Channel Modulators.

Nav1.7 Summary: Maintaining a specific membrane potential is critical to many cellular functions of mammalian cells. The heart, central and peripheral nervous system, and muscle function all depend on the proper regulation and timing of changes in membrane potential. Voltage gatedsodiumchannelsplayakeyroleintheseprocesses.Todate,ninevoltagegatedsodiumchannels,Nav1.1toNav1.9,havebeen identified, and improper NaV activity can lead to a number of negative health consequences. Nav1.7, for example, has been linked to pain sensation. Loss of function mutations of this ion channel have been documented in humans and linked to congenital insensitivity to painful stimuli. Increased Nav1.7, however, has been associated with increased sensitivity to pain. These observations indicate that Nav1.7 blockade may be a viable method of treating chronic pain. Compounds such as Raxatrigine (CNV1014802), a Nav1.7 blocker that recently completed phase II clinical trials for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy (sciatica),appeartohavevalidatedthishypothesis.Thepresentdisclosuredescribesaseriesofsulfonamidescapableofmodulating Nav1.7 activity and their use as treatment for pain and pain related disorders.
Intracoronary Hemodynamic Assessment: Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR) and Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)

Selective coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluating the presence and extent of epicardial coronary artery disease. Despite advances in fluoroscopic imaging and catheterization techniques, the evaluation of the intermediate coronary stenosis (luminal diameter narrowing between 40 and 70 %) remains a challenge for invasive cardiologists secondary to multiple issues. Angiography provides only a 2D projection of the arterial lumen along the length of the vessel. Vessel characteristics (e.g., significant angulation and tortuosity) as well as limitations related to image acquisition (e.g., vessel overlap, inability to obtain a true perpendicular projection of the lesion, and the visualization of a focal short stenosis) impair the accuracy of lesion severity assessment through the traditional technique of obtaining coronary angiograms in multiple fluoroscopic views. Studies comparing coronary angiography and postmortem histopathological analysis have demonstrated the discrepancy between angiographic and actual anatomic findings [1–3]. Significant intra- and inter-observer variability is also a factor when determining the percent narrowing of a stenosis by angiography [4]. The application of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) may minimize this discrepancy but it does not eradicate the limitations of coronary angiography. Intravascular visualization techniques such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), augment anatomical analysis but do not necessarily provide information on the functional significance of a lesion. Thus, cardiologists have focuses on physiologic assessment of a lesion to aid in management decisions. Noninvasive testing (i.e., stress testing) to determine objective evidence of ischemia is frequently conducted prior to performing coronary angiography and subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, these studies not always feasible nor are the results always reliable; therefore a physiologic method of evaluating an intermediate coronary lesion while in the catheterization suite is desirable.
Experimental demonstration of QoS-aware cross-layer packet protection switching

A cross-layer based, quality-of-service aware packet protection mechanism is experimentally demonstrated on an optical switching test-bed with 8×10-Gb/s wavelength-striped payloads. The scheme leverages optical performance monitoring to reroute degraded data streams before packets are lost.
Targeted mutation of the calbindin D28k gene selectively alters nonvisual photosensitivity

Light intensity is an important determinant of diverse physiological and behavioral responses within the non-image-forming visual system. Thresholds differ among various photic responses, namely control of circadian rhythms, vigilance state, activity level and pupil constriction, but the mechanisms that regulate photosensitivity are not known. Calbindin D(28k) (CalB) is a calcium-binding protein associated with light processing in the mammalian circadian clock. Loss-of-function studies indicate that CalB-deficient mice (CalB(-/-)) have deficits in their ability to entrain to light-dark cycles. To explore the role of CalB in modulating photosensitivity, thresholds for three behaviors mediated by the non-image-forming visual system (entrainment, masking and pupillary light reflex; PLR) were compared in CalB(-/-) and wildtype mice, and the localization of CalB protein in these circuits was examined in adult and juvenile mice. The results reveal a divergence in how CalB affects thresholds to photic cues among these responses. Entrainment and masking were 40- to 60-fold less sensitive in CalB(-/-) than in wildtype mice. On the other hand, the PLR in CalB(-/-) mice was 80- to 200-fold more sensitive. Though CalB is expressed in the retina and in brain circuits regulating entrainment we found no CalB expression in any component of the PLR pathway, namely the olivary pretectal nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus and ciliary ganglion. The behavioral and anatomical data together suggest that, in normal animals, the retinal response to light is blunted in the presence of CalB, but responsiveness of the higher order processes that transduce afferent retinal input is enhanced.
Novel Distributed Cable Sensors for Detection of Cracks in RC Structures

In this paper, the development of a fundamentally new, topology‐based cable sensor design concept is summarized for crack detection in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The sensitivity, spatial resolution, and signal loss of sensors are investigated both numerically and experimentally. Two sensors were fabricated and validated with small‐ and large‐scale laboratory tests under different loads. Both were proven sensitive to crack of various sizes from visually undetectable to excessive, giving the location and severity of damage simultaneously. One sensor has been installed on a three‐span bridge for its long‐term monitoring. It is capable of recording damage that has occurred during a recent event.
The Genetics of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are common and chronic disorder characterized by inappropriate fear responses to known or unknown stimuli. These disorders have prominent familial and genetic components, based on family and twin data. Linkage studies have provided provisional findings supporting chromosomal intervals containing anxiety disorder loci, although no convincing and replicated findings have been reported. Candidate gene studies also provide conflicting findings. Advances in genome screening technology will allow genetic researchers to test the hypothesis that common DNA variation will be associated with one or more anxiety disorders.
Effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron on development of Ascaris suum and Haemonchus contortus

The potential of the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron (DFB) to alter the development of the parasitic nematodes (Ascaris suum and Haemonchus contortus was investigated. DFB given orally (10 mg kg-1 per day for 30 days) to sheep inoculated with H. contortus infective larvae did not prevent the establishment of adults or affect fecal egg output. However, there was a significant (greater than 90%) decrease in the number of infective larvae recovered from fecal cultures derived from lambs harboring H. contortus adults that were treated with DFB. DFB did not affect egg hatching. Oral administration (10 mg kg-1 per day for 20 days) of DFB to swine harboring adult A. suum adults had no effect on the adult worm burden or on egg morphology, but eggs removed from worms obtained from DFB-treated swine contained less chitin than eggs removed from untreated control swine. DFB also inhibited chitin synthesis in vitro in the isolated reproductive tract of A. suum adults. These results indicate that DFB at high doses can inhibit the subsequent development of H. contortus larvae in the feces. Since H. contortus larvae lack chitin, DFB may act on these larvae by a mechanism independent of a direct effect on chitin synthesis.
A new method for actively suppressing flutter of suspension bridges

A method for suppressing the wind-excited vibrations of suspension bridges is described. The approach is to attach a light-weight wing below the roadbed and to use a feedback-control system to regulate its angle of attack. The aerodynamic loads acting on the wing are transmitted to the roadbed through the supporting structure and, when the control system is properly tuned, interfere with the aerodynamic loads acting directly on the roadbed. The result can be a substantial increase in the wind speed at which the bridge becomes unstable. The present analysis is based on a numerical model that treats the bridge, flowing air, and control system as elements of a single dynamic system; and all the governing equations are integrated numerically, simultaneously, and interactively.
Human fear extinction and return of fear using reconsolidation update mechanisms: The contribution of on-line expectancy ratings

Disruption of the reconsolidation of conditioned fear memories has been suggested as a non-pharmacological means of preventing the return of learned fear in human populations. A reconsolidation update paradigm was developed in which a reconsolidation window is opened by a single isolated retrieval trial of a previously reinforced CS+ which is then followed by Extinction Training within that window. However, follow-up studies in humans using multi-methods fear conditioning indices (e.g., fear-potentiated startle, skin conductance, US-expectancy) have failed to replicate the retrieval+extinction effects. In the present study, we further investigated the retrieval+extinction reconsolidation update paradigm by directly comparing the acquisition, extinction, and return of fear-potentiated startle in the absence or presence of US-expectancy measures (using a trial-by-trial response keypad) with and without retrieval of a previously acquired CS-US association. Participants were fear conditioned to two visual cue CS+'s, one of which was presented as a single, isolated retrieval trial before Extinction Training and one that was extinguished as usual. The results show that the inclusion of US-expectancy measures strengthens the CS-US association to provide enhanced fear conditioning and maintenance of fear memories over the experimental sessions. In addition, in the groups that used on-line US-expectancy measures, the retrieval+extinction procedure reduced reinstatement of fear-potentiated startle to both previously reinforced CS+'s, as compared to the extinction as usual group.
Practical remedial design optimization for large complex plumes

Powerful simulation/optimization (S/O) models exist for designing groundwater well systems and pumping strategies. However, it can be challenging to use S/O modeling effectively for large, complex, and computationally intensive problems within project time and cost constraints. Here, we present a generic two-stage optimization procedure for making S/O modeling more practical. Application is illustrated for developing optimal transient 30-year pump-and-treat designs for Blaine Naval Ammunition Depot (NAD), Nebraska, and using an innovative hybrid advanced genetic algorithm with tabu search features (AGT). AGT includes standard genetic algorithm and tabu search features plus healing, elitism, threshold acceptance, and a new subset/subspace decomposition optimization. The screening stage simplifies the optimization problem, and selects desirable remediation wells from among many candidates. During this stage, computational effort is lessened by reducing the number of state variables needing evaluation, and the solution space dimensionality (including temporal dimensions). Subset/subspace decomposition optimization of steady flow rates is used to identify desirable sets of candidate wells. The transient optimization stage develops mathematically optimal time-varying pumping rates for well subsets identified by the screening stage. It also includes reoptimization using the original objective function plus goal programming to increase strategy robustness. Initializing the AGT with feasible solutions reduces computational effort. Within a short period the procedure developed optimal pump and treat system designs for NAD. The procedure yields better objective function values than trial and error. Because optimization causes tight constraints, the computed strategy is sensitive to changes in model parameters. Increasing strategy robustness via AGT and goal programming degrades the value of the initial objective function.
An ECG-Based Cardiac Safety Initiative Is Well Received by Opioid Treatment Program Staff: Results from a Qualitative Assessment

Registry data on methadone reveal that QTc-prolongation is reported more often among opioid-dependent patients than chronic pain patients. This suggests that opioid treatment programs may be an important venue for implementing arrhythmia risk-reduction strategies. An electrocardiography-based strategy in the opioid treatment program setting demonstrated a reduction in the QTc-interval among patients with marked QTc-prolongation. However, the feasibility of program implementation remains uncertain. Therefore, we performed qualitative interviews among opioid treatment program staff to determine the barriers and benefits of implementation. Overall, the program was well received by staff; however, a need for training and algorithms was identified. No patient was denied access to care.
Solitary-wave interactions in quadratic media near type I phase-matching conditions

The interaction between two optical soliton beams during type I second-harmonic generation in quadratically nonlinear materials has been investigated numerically. The product of the interaction is found to be highly sensitive to the relative phase between the launched beams. Threshold phenomena were found that persisted even when the input beams were only approximately solitary waves. Cases of both small and large collision angles were investigated, and the effect of walk-off was also taken into account.