cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deregulation: An Independent Telephone Company in a Survival Transition

On August 24, 1982, Judge Harold Greene signed the final order settling the historic anti-trust suit against AT&T and the Justice Department. This invited a competitive free-for-all in the nation’s communications industry after 75 years of regulation. “Dozens of companies began struggling to come up with a strategy for applying new technologies to win a bigger piece of the U.S. market for communications equipment and services--a $75 billion annual business that is now expected to double in size over the next five years.”6
The Chinese diaspora: The current distribution of the overseas Chinese population:

In the present paper we draw on the extensive data resources of the 'Overseas Chinese Affairs Council in Taiwan in an analysis of the overseas Chinese worldwide as of c. 2010. We raise and endeavor...
Plant Lignans and Health: Cancer Chemoprevention and Biotechnological Opportunities

A considerable body of evidence has accumulated in the past two decades suggesting that the consumption of certain lignan-containing foodstuffs significantly reduces the risk of breast, colon, and prostate cancers, i.e., via a so-called chemoprevention mechanism.1 Accordingly, the lignans of primary interest in this chapter are the diphenolic compounds from higher plants, which are converted into the “mammalian” lignans enterodiol (1) and enterolactone (2) (fig. 1) by the action of colonic bacteria. This chapter thus focuses on the major mammalian lignans so formed and their roles in cancer chemoprevention. A summary of what is currently known about plant lignan biosynthesis in Forsythia intermedia, Linum flavum, western red cedar (Thuja plicata), and flax (Linum usitatissimum) is also presented, together with how this knowledge can be exploited for the benefit of humanity.
Endoscopic management of esophageal leaks

Traditionally, gold standard treatment for an acute esophageal perforation has been operative repair. Over the past two decades, there has been a paradigm shift towards the use of esophageal stents. Recent advances in biomaterial allowed a new generation of stents to be manufactured that combined (I) a non-permeable covering; (II) radial force sufficient to occlude a transmural esophageal injury and (III) improved ease of removability. The amalgamation of these developments set the stage for utilizing esophageal stents as part of the management algorithm of an acute esophageal perforation. This provides a safe and less invasive treatment route in lieu of direct primary repair and its well-documented significant failure rate. Esophageal stent placement for failed operative repair or esophageal leaks also had the potential to minimize the need for esophageal resection and diversion. When included in a multimodality hybrid treatment protocol, esophageal stents can optimize healing success rates and minimize the risks of adverse complications. This review summarizes the modern history of esophageal stent use in the treatment of esophageal perforation as well as the evidenced based recommendations for the use of esophageal stent placement in the treatment of acute esophageal perforation.
LCCC 1025: A phase II study evaluating the mTOR inhibitor everolimus with trastuzumab and vinorelbine to treat progressive HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases.

TPS656 Background: HER2+ breast cancer (BC) is an aggressive subset of BC with high rates of brain metastases (BM) and poor survival. A recent study illustrates activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway ...
A maternally inherited 8.05 Mb Xq21 deletion associated with Choroideremia, deafness, and mental retardation syndrome in a male patient.

Deletions in Xq21 cause various congenital defects in males including choroideremia, deafness and mental retardation, depending on their size and gene content. Until now only a limited number of patients with Xq21 deletions has been reported. Here we describe a 17-year-old male with choroideremia, deafness, and mental retardation syndrome. Using SNP arrays, an 8.05 Mb deletion in Xq21 was identified inherited from the apparently healthy mother. The deleted region harbors 12 OMIM genes, of which POU3F4, CHM, and ZNF711 might have contributed to the patient’s phenotype including hearing loss, poor vision, and intellectual disability. Moreover, the patient’s mother exhibits a normal phenotype while carrying the same deletion, which is often observed in previous studies on female carriers in families with this syndrome. Our study confirms the causative effect between the Xq21 deletion in males and choroideremia, deafness and mental retardation.
Electroweak two-loop corrections to sin2 \theta_{\text{eff}}^{{b\overline b }} and Rb using numerical Mellin-Barnes integrals

Multi-loop integrals can be evaluated numerically using Mellin-Barnes representations. Here this technique is applied to the calculation of electroweak two-loop correction with closed fermion loops for two observables: the effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks, sin2 $ \theta_{\text{eff}}^{{b\overline b }} $ , and the branching ratio of the Z boson into bottom quarks, Rb. Good agreement with a previous result for sin2 $ \theta_{\text{eff}}^{{b\overline b }} $ is found. The result for Rb is new and it turns out that the electroweak two-loop corrections are relatively large — of the same order as the current experimental uncertainty. A simple parametrization formula is provided which approximates the full result within integration errors.
A High Frequency (HF) inductive power transfer circuit for high temperature applications using SiC Schottky diodes

Wireless sensors placed in high temperature environments, such as aircraft engines, are desirable to reduce the mass and complexity of routing wires. While communication with the sensors is straight forward, providing power wirelessly is still a challenge. This paper introduces an inductive wireless power transfer circuit incorporating SiC Schottky diodes and its operation from room temperature (25 °C) to 500 °C.
Cardinals: Finite, Countable, and Uncountable

This chapter introduces the basic idea of cardinal numbers, comparability, and operations, and next covers the theory of finite sets and natural numbers, from which the Dedekind–Peano axioms are derived as theorems. Dedekind infinite sets and reflexive cardinals are also defined. It then presents the axiom of!choiceAxiom of Choice and contrasts it with effective!choiceeffective choice, using the notion of effectivenesseffectiveness informally. The rest of the chapter is about countability and uncountability: It focuses on the two specific cardinals ℵ 0 = | N | and \(\boldsymbol{\mathfrak{c}} = \vert \mathbf{R}\vert \), and gives the first proof of \(\aleph _{0} <\boldsymbol{ \mathfrak{c}}\) (uncountability of \(\mathbf{R}\)). In the process, the principles of countable axiom of choice (CAC)countable and axiom of!dependent choice (DC)dependent choice are encountered.
TICK: A Content Management System Framework for Semantic Web Research and Instruction.

The goal of the TICK data management system is to make online publication of the fruits of research as easy as the publication of opinions on weblogs. In order to avoid the reinvention of many useful features, TICK leverages an existing content management system. This system already provides a framework for undergraduate research projects at Bard College. It is the authors’ position that the TICK system also presents an appropriate platform for integrating Semantic Web instruction into undergraduate coursework. This article provides an overview of TICK along with a plan for integrating TICK into our computer science program.
An Intellectual Adventure

We two authors, one an American Indian with an Indigenous worldview and a liberal inclination (Four Arrows), the other a Jewish atheist with a Western worldview and a libertarian orientation (Walter E. Block), employ “cooperative argumentation” to accomplish what an amazon.com reviewer said about a book on this topic (Makau and Marty, 2001): “Cooperative Argumentation gets us past the fighting in debate, and moves us toward the real power that can be found in understanding someone else’s argument.” In our book, this “power in understanding” refers specifically to one of the most controversial issues in higher education-the teaching of social justice.
Optical Switching and Thermal Recovery of Vanadium Dioxide

Vanadium dioxide films were grown on sapphire substrates as well as thin diamond membranes. Optical pump-probe experiments show large optical modulation in response to moderate optical excitation and follow a pure thermal model.
NMR Spectroscopy in the Conformational Analysis of Peptides: An Overview.

BACKGROUND NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to study the structure and interaction properties of peptides and proteins from a dynamic perspective. Knowing the bioactive conformations of peptides is crucial in the drug discovery field to design more efficient analogue ligands and inhibitors of protein-protein interactions targeting therapeutically relevant systems. OBJECTIVE This review provides a toolkit to investigate peptide conformational properties by NMR. METHODS Articles cited herein, related to NMR studies of peptides and proteins were mainly searched through PubMed and the web. More recent and old books on NMR spectroscopy written by eminent scientists in the field were consulted as well. RESULTS The review is mainly focused on NMR tools to gain the 3D structure of small unlabeled peptides. It is more application-oriented as it is beyond its goal to deliver a profound theoretical background. However, the basic principles of 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear experiments are briefly described. Protocols to obtain isotopically labeled peptides and principal triple resonance experiments needed to study them, are discussed as well. CONCLUSION NMR is a leading technique in the study of conformational preferences of small flexible peptides whose structure can be often only described by an ensemble of conformations. Although NMR studies of peptides can be easily and fast performed by canonical protocols established a few decades ago, more recently we have assisted to tremendous improvements of NMR spectroscopy to investigate instead large systems and overcome its molecular weight limit.
Vesicular rash in a college student.

A 19-year-old college student presented with erythematous papules and vesicles on an erythematous base that were scattered over his face, scalp, trunk, and upper extremities. The lesions appeared in multiple stages, some with crusting and excoriation.
Triboelectric energy harvester with large bandwidth under harmonic and random excitations

Abstract This paper investigates an approach to impact vibration energy harvesting using a triboelectric mechanism under harmonic and random excitation. The harvester consists of a clamped–clamped beam with a stiff plate in the middle to realize the impact electrification process when subjected to external vibrations. The harvester uses stiffening in the clamped–clamped beam introduced by the impact between two triboelectric layers to increase the frequency bandwidth. A piecewise theoretical model is used to model the harvester for two scenarios of motions, before and after impact. The harvester is tested experimentally under different harmonic excitation to validate the theoretical model. The outcomes show a good agreement between both experimental and theoretical results. Higher bandwidth is achieved at a lower gap separation distance. The operating bandwidth of the energy harvester increased from 4.4 Hz to 17.8 Hz with an RMS output voltage level of 7 V and an output power density of 7 mW ∕ m 2 at 1.4 g excitation level and 100 μ m gap. The model is extended and validated experimentally under random excitation. The simulated power spectral densities are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Interpretable tropical cyclone intensity estimation using Dvorak-inspired machine learning techniques

Abstract The intensity of a tropical cyclone is correlated strongly to the damage it causes when it makes landfall. Most of the time, tropical cyclones are located over the open ocean, where direct intensity measurements are difficult to obtain. An alternative approach is to estimate the tropical cyclone intensity indirectly from satellite images. In this case, there are two key points to consider: spatial and temporal relationships. For spatial relationships, the basic assumption is that cyclones with similar intensities have similar patterns. Thus, researchers can estimate intensity using pattern extraction and investigating similarities. For temporal relationships, the intensity of the cyclone is assumed to change smoothly, as a tropical cyclone is a continuous weather phenomenon. Thus, satellite images belonging to the same tropical cyclone should have a temporal (chronological) relationship with one another, meaning that the estimated intensity value of subsequent images should not change too drastically. In this research, we take advantage of these two key points and use random walk with a restart model to discover hidden correlations between target and historical cyclone images to estimate their intensity. We then use machine learning models to determine the temporal relationships among cyclone images, smoothing the prediction of the tropical cyclone event as a whole. Finally, our results show 15.77-knot root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the intensity estimation of tropical cyclones in the West Pacific Basin area.
Examination of the Efficacy and Cross-Reactivity of a Novel Polyclonal Antibody Targeting the Disintegrin Domain in SVMPs to Neutralize Snake Venom

Snake envenomation can result in hemorrhage, local necrosis, swelling, and if not treated properly can lead to adverse systemic effects such as coagulopathy, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity, which can result in death. As such, snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and disintegrins are two toxic components that contribute to hemorrhage and interfere with the hemostatic system. Administration of a commercial antivenom is the common antidote to treat snake envenomation, but the high-cost, lack of efficacy, side effects, and limited availability, necessitates the development of new strategies and approaches for therapeutic treatments. Herein, we describe the neutralization ability of anti-disintegrin polyclonal antibody on the activities of isolated disintegrins, P-II/P-III SVMPs, and crude venoms. Our results show disintegrin activity on platelet aggregation in whole blood and the migration of the SK-Mel-28 cells that can be neutralized with anti-disintegrin polyclonal antibody. We characterized a SVMP and found that anti-disintegrin was also able to inhibit its activity in an in vitro proteolytic assay. Moreover, we found that anti-disintegrin could neutralize the proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities from crude Crotalus atrox venom. Our results suggest that anti-disintegrin polyclonal antibodies have the potential for a targeted approach to neutralize SVMPs in the treatment of snakebite envenomations.
Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Lineage-Specific Dynamic Genetic Regulation of Gene Expression During Human Cardiomyocyte Differentiation

Abstract Dynamic and temporally specific gene regulatory changes may underlie unexplained genetic associations with complex disease. During a dynamic process such as cellular differentiation, the overall cell type composition of a tissue (or an in vitro culture) and the gene regulatory profile of each cell can both experience significant changes over time. To identify these dynamic effects in high resolution, we collected single-cell RNA-sequencing data over a differentiation time course from induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes, sampled at 7 unique time points in 19 human cell lines. We employed a flexible approach to map dynamic eQTLs whose effects vary significantly over the course of bifurcating differentiation trajectories, including many whose effects are specific to one of these two lineages. Our study design allowed us to distinguish true dynamic eQTLs affecting a specific cell lineage from expression changes driven by potentially non-genetic differences between cell lines such as cell composition. Additionally, we used the cell type profiles learned from single-cell data to deconvolve and re-analyze data from matched bulk RNA-seq samples. Using this approach, we were able to identify a large number of novel dynamic eQTLs in single cell data while also attributing dynamic effects in bulk to a particular lineage. Overall, we found that using single cell data to uncover dynamic eQTLs can provide new insight into the gene regulatory changes that occur among heterogeneous cell types during cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Partition-function-zero analysis of polymer adsorption for a continuum chain model.

Polymer chains undergoing adsorption are expected to show universal critical behavior which may be investigated using partition function zeros. The focus of this work is the adsorption transition for a continuum chain, allowing for investigation of a continuous range of the attractive interaction and comparison with recent high-precision lattice model studies. The partition function (Fisher) zeros for a tangent-hard-sphere $N$-mer chain (monomer diameter $\ensuremath{\sigma}$) tethered to a flat wall with an attractive square-well potential (range $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\sigma}$, depth $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$) have been computed for chains up to $N=1280$ with $0.01\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\le}2.0$. In the complex-Boltzmann-factor plane these zeros are concentrated in an annular region, centered on the origin and open about the real axis. With increasing $N$, the leading zeros, ${w}_{1}(N)$, approach the positive real axis as described by the asymptotic scaling law ${w}_{1}(N)\ensuremath{-}{y}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}{N}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\phi}}$, where ${y}_{c}={e}^{\ensuremath{\epsilon}/{k}_{B}{T}_{c}}$ is the critical point and ${T}_{c}$ is the critical temperature. In this work, we study the polymer adsorption transition by analyzing the trajectory of the leading zeros as they approach ${y}_{c}$ in the complex plane. We use finite-size scaling (including corrections to scaling) to determine the critical point and the scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\phi}$ as well as the approach angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$, between the real axis and the leading-zero trajectory. Variation of the interaction range $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ moves the critical point, such that ${T}_{c}$ decreases with $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, while the results for $\ensuremath{\phi}$ and ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}$ are approximately independent of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. Our values of $\ensuremath{\phi}=0.479(9)$ and ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}=56.8{(1.4)}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ are in agreement with the best lattice model results for polymer adsorption, further demonstrating the universality of these constants across both lattice and continuum models.
Determinants of utilization of agricultural technologies among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya

Abstract Utilization of agricultural technologies plays a crucial role in enhancing the productivity and income of smallholder dairy farmers. However, the uptake of these technologies is low among majority of smallholder farmers especially in developing countries. Using survey data from 682 households in Murang'a County in Kenya, this study examines determinants and intensity of use of artificial insemination, deworming, vaccination, curative treatment, improved feeds (hay, silage) and pregnancy diagnosis. We applied a multivariate probit model for the simultaneous multiple utilization decisions, and ordered probit models for assessing the intensity of utilization. The study results revealed that education level of household head, number of cows owned, livestock type, milk yield, land size, access to contract, price of milk, access to credit, access to business plan training, membership to dairy cooperatives, type of service providers, receiving of remittance, distance to veterinary and output market were the major factors that affect the likelihood of utilizing dairy agricultural technologies among smallholder farmers in Kenya. The intensity of utilizing dairy technologies was influenced by number of cows in the household, livestock type, land size, access to contract, access to credit, membership to dairy cooperatives and type of service providers. In conclusion, utilization of agricultural technologies is influenced by different household, farm, market and transaction cost characteristics, which could hinder or facilitate the uptake of these technologies. The findings will equip agricultural policy makers and agribusiness service providers in addressing the major barriers facing smallholder dairy farmers in making informed utilization decisions of dairy technologies.
The Appeal of Personal Selling as a Career: A Decade Later

While students' attitudes and perceptions toward personal selling as a career have been discussed at length, the literature reflects remarkably little effort to understand students' preferences for sales careers. The authors synthesize extant knowledge on the subject and extend the knowledge base by conducting a time-series replication of an earlier study and by examining the relative importance of marketing-related career characteristics. Managerial implications of this research are discussed.
Adenosine modulates light responses of rat retinal ganglion cell photoreceptors througha cAMP‐mediated pathway

Key points Melanopsin-containing ganglion cell photoreceptors are post-synaptic neurons and their light responses could therefore be modified by extracellular neuromodulators present in the mammalian retina. In this study, we show that the duration of light-evoked spiking in these intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) is significantly lengthened following elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adenosine, a retinal neuromodulator released at night and after dark adaptation, significantly reduced light-evoked ipRGC spiking through suppression of the cAMP-related pathway. The effects of adenosine were mediated through activation of A1 receptors present on ipRGCs. Adenosine-mediated modulation of ipRGCs may represent an internal regulatory mechanism that influences a variety of light-regulated processes such as circadian rhythm photoentrainment, pupil constriction and sleep/wakefulness. Abstract Adenosine is an established neuromodulator in the mammalian retina, with A1 adenosine receptors being especially prevalent in the innermost ganglion cell layer. Activation of A1 receptors causes inhibition of adenylate cyclase, decreases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA). In this work, our aim was to characterize the effects of adenosine on the light responses of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and to determine whether these photoreceptors are subject to neuromodulation through intracellular cAMP-related signalling pathways. Using multielectrode array recordings from postnatal and adult rat retinas, we demonstrated that adenosine significantly shortened the duration of ipRGC photoresponses and reduced the number of light-evoked spikes fired by these neurons. The effects were A1 adenosine receptor-mediated, and the expression of this receptor on melanopsin-containing ipRGCs was confirmed by calcium imaging experiments on isolated cells in purified cultures. While inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway by adenosine shortened ipRGC light responses, stimulation of this pathway with compounds such as forskolin had the opposite effect and lengthened the duration of ipRGC spiking. Our findings reveal that the modification of ipRGC photoresponses through a cAMP/PKA pathway is a general feature of rat ganglion cell photoreceptors, and this pathway can be inhibited through activation of A1 receptors by adenosine. As adenosine levels in the retina rise at night, adenosinergic modulation of ipRGCs may serve as an internal regulatory mechanism to limit transmission of nocturnal photic signals by ipRGCs to the brain. Targeting retinal A1 adenosine receptors for ipRGC inhibition represents a potential therapeutic target for sleep disorders and migraine-associated photophobia.
Maternal low protein diet leads to dysregulation of placental iNKT cells and M1/M2 macrophage ratio, body weight loss in male, neonate Sprague-Dawley rats and increased UCP-1 mediated thermogenesis

Placental immune cells provide cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for placenta development and function. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate cells specific for glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule and secrete Th1 cytokines in the placenta, suggesting an immunoregulatory role. Self-lipid antigens at the maternal-fetal interface may activate iNKT cells, leading to placental inflammation and dysfunction, which can increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and reduce fetal growth. Maternal low protein (LP) diets reduce offspring birth weight (BW) perhaps via a BAT thermogenesis-mediated effect. However, whether maternal LP nutrition alters placental immune cell populations and offspring thermogenesis in not yet known. Obese-prone Sprague-Dawley dams were fed 8% LP or 20% normal protein (NP) diets for 3 wks prior to breeding and through pregnancy. BW of neonatal LP males was lower than NP males. Vα14 mRNA marker for iNKT cells was 11-fold higher in LP placenta,...
Misclassification of pulmonary hypertension due to automated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure calculations (1089.1)

Introduction: Misclassification of patients with pulmonary hypertension may occur due to reliance on automated pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) measurements instead of end-expiration measurements. The long-term outcomes of patients who are misclassified are unclear. We performed a retrospective study to characterize misclassified patients and to assess their outcomes. Methods: Review of clinical and hemodynamic data was performed for all patients who underwent right heart catheterization at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure>25mmHg and PWP<15mmHg from 9/2005 to 3/2011. "Misclassified" was defined by end expiratory PWP value greater than 15mmHg. Demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered by retrospective medical chart review. Significance was assessed at the 5% level. Logistic regression was used to identify parameters that had a significant correlation with misclassification of patients. Time to death was the primary outcome with misclassification as ...
Self-calibration of gain and output match in LNAs

Increasing process variations and tolerance limits with successive scaling, along with rising costs per design cycle have made the fault-tolerance paradigm pertinent in RFICs. Due to the high frequencies involved, traditional fault-tolerance methods used in digital and lower frequency analog circuits cannot be applied. This paper presents a non-intrusive and robust technique of self-calibrating the gain and output match of LNAs. It involves very low overheads and does not degrade circuit performance in any measurable way, in addition to ultra-fast calibration times (lower than 50 /spl mu/s). We present simulation results of the system designed in the IBM 0.25 /spl mu/m process.
Election as Appointment: The Tennessee Plan Reconsidered

Tennessee's merit system for selecting judges - referred to as the Tennessee Plan - has been controversial ever since it was enacted in 1971 to replace contested elections. The greatest controversy has been whether the Plan is even constitutional. The Tennessee constitution states that all judges "shall be elected by the qualified voters" of the state. Yet, under the Tennessee Plan, the governor appoints all appellate judges, and those judges come before the voters only after a period of time on the bench and only in uncontested yes-no retention referenda. In 1977, the people of Tennessee were asked to amend the constitution to replace the provision requiring elections with provisions setting forth the Tennessee Plan, but they rejected the constitutional amendment. In this Essay, I examine the constitutional questions surrounding the Tennessee Plan. Although the Tennessee Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of the Plan on two occasions, neither decision addressed three serious questions raised by the Plan. In my view, none of these questions is easily answered, and, together, they comprise a compelling case for the view that many appellate judges in Tennessee have been selected in an unconstitutional manner for the better part of four decades. In light of these constitutional questions, I argue that the Tennessee legislature should allow the Plan to expire when it is scheduled to sunset in June of 2009. The legislature should return to contested elections to select all judges in the state until the people of Tennessee have been given another opportunity to amend the Tennessee constitution.
Laser-probe 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of strain fringes: Mid-Cretaceous synconvergent orogen-parallel extension in the interior of the Sevier orogen

[1] UV and CO2 laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar in situ analyses of phlogopite and muscovite in fibrous strain fringes from greenschist-facies metamorphic rocks document mica growth ages at temperatures lower than their closure temperatures, and therefore directly date deformation. The new dates resolve the age of the earliest ductile fabric recorded in the Raft River–Albion–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex of Utah and Idaho. Phlogopite was dated in quartz-calcite-phlogopite strain fringes around pyrite in Pennsylvanian-Permian rocks from the Grouse Creek Mountains (Utah) using both the UV and CO2 laser probe; muscovite was dated in quartz-muscovite strain fringes around pyrite in deformed Jurassic sills from the Black Pine Mountains (Idaho) using the CO2 laser probe. Phlogopite 40Ar/39Ar ages for individual strain fringes (Grouse Creek Mountains) range from 92 Ma to 110 Ma, with the most reliable ages ranging from 101 Ma to 110 Ma (mean age, 105.0 ± 5.8 Ma). Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages for individual strain fringes (Black Pine Mountains) range from 97 Ma to 112 Ma (mean age, 104.7 ± 5.8 Ma). Strain fringes are associated with a subhorizontal foliation and a generally N-trending elongation lineation exhibiting components of top-to-the-north simple shear and coaxial strain accommodating N-S extension and subvertical shortening. Midcrustal northward flow at 105 (±6) Ma within the interior of the Sevier orogen, coeval with east-directed shortening in the foreland and with plate convergence, records orogen-parallel synconvergent extension. We favor gravitational relaxation of structural culminations resulting from focused crustal shortening as a driving mechanism for orogen-parallel flow.
The Indigenous People of the Caribbean

The Indigenous People of the Caribbean. Samuel M. Wilson. ed. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1997.254 pp.
Queen's New Clothes

Inspired by the Danish tale Emperor's New Clothes and Lady Gaga's Orbit dress, we designed and implemented a wearable computing costume, Queen's New Clothes, which appears plain to naked eyes but exhibits changing patterns on photos taken at different time and location. The project explores the dual status of fashion in both the physical world and the digital world. It accentuates the dynamically changing nature of fashion and shows how we can use this fast changing nature of fashion as an embodied visual communication tool in the digital age. The costume is consisted of three elliptical, inter-woven orbits where the projector units are mounted upon and pointed inward to the body. A central light sensing unit is created with photo transistor to detect incoming camera flash and gives signal to trigger the projectors instantly. The patterns projected can be decorating the body as well as asserting branding or personal statements.
Theoretical and experimental comparison of an adjustable Y-junction switch.

An optical switch using an adjustable Y-junction structure has been designed, fabricated, measured, and analyzed. Both the experimental performance and theoretical prediction of the switch are presented. The switching section of the device consists of three arrow-shaped, field-induced waveguides that overlap in the propagation direction such that input light from the middle guide can be transferred to either of the output guides. A cross talk of less than -18 dB is measured at a wavelength of 1.06 microm in a device with a transition length of 400 microm and a branching angle of 4 degrees . Numerical simulations using the finite difference beam propagation method show that a cross talk of less than -22 dB may be achievable for these device dimensions.
Divine Causality and the Monarchy of God the Father in Gregory of Nazianzus

Gregory Nazianzen's doctrine of the Trinity has had a most unusual reception in modern times. Since the Council of Chalcedon in 451 Gregory has been honored with the title “the Theologian” for his definitive teaching on the Trinity in the late-fourth century. His influence was then strongly felt in the christological developments that continued through the eighth century, and his stature in Greek Christian tradition is comparable only to that of Augustine in the West, although his influence is felt there as well. Yet despite his acknowledged ecumenical significance, Gregory's theological achievement has often eluded modern patristic scholars and systematic theologians. Even the most recent wave of specialized work on Gregory and the current synoptic studies of patristic doctrine have tended to overlook major aspects of his work. One of the most acute points of confusion in current scholarship—and a matter of no little significance for Nicene theology—is Gregory's doctrine of divine causality and the monarchy of God the Father within the Trinity. The recent debate over this topic, I would suggest, reflects the extent to which Gregory's doctrine has yet to be assimilated in contemporary historical and systematic theology. In this article I will seek to clarify Gregory's doctrine of divine causality in light of its current reception and to give some indication of its wider significance.
What influences medical students to pursue careers in obstetrics and gynecology

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence medical students to choose of obstetrics/gynecology as a career specialty. Study design A Web-based survey of medical students was conducted that included demographics, desire to enter the obstetrics and gynecology specialty, factors that influence selection of the obstetrics and gynecology specialty, perceptions about the obstetrics and gynecology specialty, and incidents of encouragement and discouragement toward entering the obstetrics and gynecology specialty. Analysis included parametric and nonparametric testing. Results Fifty-one percent of the students (n = 205) returned the survey: 131 women (64%) and 72 men (35%); 2 respondents did not specify gender. Various factors influenced a medical student to pursue a career in obstetrics and gynecology, which revealed some specific areas of significant difference between genders, particularly in relation to lifestyle issues and practice trends. Conclusions This study amplifies the importance of understanding the role of student gender when exploring the obstetrics and gynecology specialty as a career choice. Appreciating factors that influence decisions to enter the obstetrics and gynecology specialty provides opportunities to impact the experiences and decisions of students toward considering the obstetrics and gynecology specialty as a career choice.
Uridine-Conjugated Ferrocene DNA Oligonucleotides: Unexpected Cyclization Reaction of the Uridine Base

The study of energy and electron-transfer processes through DNA duplexes and the development of DNA hybridization probes and electrochemical sensors have resulted in the incorporation of numerous transition-metal complexes into DNA oliognucleotides. These include ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhodium, and copper complexes. Ferrocene (Fc) and its derivatives are attractive electrochemical probes because of their stability and convenient synthetic chemistry. Fc-containing DNA oligonucleotides have been prepared by attaching ferrocenyl moieties to the 5‘ termini through either solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidites or by reacting suitable ferrocenyl derivatives with end-functionalized oligonucleotides.
On the structure of commutative pointed Hopf algebras

In this paper we study the general structure of a commutative pointed Hopf algebra over a field k (for example, the underlying Hopf algebra of a representationally solvable affine algebraic group). Sullivan’s work [6, 71 and the author’s [4] provide the basis for this investigation. The algebra structure of a commutative pointed Hopf algebra A seems to be best understood by a detailed analysis of the coalgebra structure. If B C A is a sub-Hopf algebra and A,, S B, then A as a B-algebra can be described in terms of the coradical filtration. In particular, if the ground field has characteristic 0, then A is a polynomial algebra with coefficients in B. In this case, if A is a finitely generated B-algebra, we examine properties of the function yB(C) (the cardinality of a set of indeterminants) defined on sub-Hopf algebras C containing B. Suppose iz is a commutative pointed Hopf algebra over any field k. If A is generated (as an algebra) by the nth term of its coradical filtration, then the same is true of any sub-Hopf algebra. This generalizes Theorem 3.4 of [4]. The result can be interpreted in terms of the representation of the (affine) group scheme G, determined by a sub-Hopf algebra B (see [4] or [8], for example). If -4 is any pointed Hopf algebra over a field k, there is a unique sub-Hopf algebra &? minimal with respect to the property that A,98 = A. Our proof is constructive and sheds light on the role G(A) (the grouplikes of A) plays in the structure of A. We examine the relationship between the function rB( ) and g when iz is a commutative pointed finitely generated &,-algebra in characteristic 0. Throughout we shall use rather freely the notation and results of [l] and [9]. All vector spaces will be over a field K. *This paper was written during the time the author was a summer visitor to the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N. J. The author wishes to express his gratitude for the institution’s hospitality. The research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant MCS74-14580 A02.
A study of the contrast of sunspots from photometric images

The thermal contrast α, and the umbra-penumbraA u/A p, were calculated for 63 sunspots of various sizes and morphologies. Contrary to the assumptions of the PSI model, α andA u/A p were found to be quite variable. The values of α ranged from 0.1807 to 0.4266;A u/A p ranged from 0.0089 to 0.4899. The values of α andA u/A p correlated well (r = 0.6018;p<0.005) and the regression for α andA u/A p was obtained: α = (0.220 ± 0.016) + (0.340 ± O.06)A u/A p. The values of α andA u/A p were then compared with complexity ratings, magnetic field strength, time, and μ. The quantities α andA u/A p were found to be independent of the complexity, magnetic field strength, and time factors. The correlation between α andA u/A p lead to the proposed division of α into an umbral thermal contrast αu, and a penumbral thermal contrast αp. These values were calculated from the photometric data: αu = 0.57 ± 0.01 and αp = 0.26 ± 0.006.
“Inputting” the Environment: Reconsidering the Environmental Information Matrix

Brown et al. (2005) (hereafter Brown et al.) tackle an under-researched and increasingly important aspect of accounting information systems—the potential impact of these systems on the natural environment. They support the claim that AIS gather insufficient information and provide inadequate support for addressing environmental concerns (Gray and Bebbington 2002; Shaltegger and Burritt 2000). The Brown et al. paper in this issue is part of an ongoing research program that explores and adds to understanding of environment reporting and accounting systems. This program includes extensive analysis of corporate environmental accounting and reporting, examines theory and practice in corporate and environmental strategy, and links the two fields.
A packet loss tolerant algorithm for information hiding in voice over IP

Steganography is the science of hiding information in such a way that an adversary wouldn't know it existed. As a result of research in this field, there are now many practical steganography tools for mediums that aren't processed in real time. However, research on real time mediums, for example Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), isn't as mature. While significant and ever-improving research has been done towards increasing throughput and decreasing signs of tampering in VoIP steganography, some research lacks important considerations that hinder development of practical tools. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that enables data hiding in G.711, the most commonly used voice codec for VoIP devices, while gracefully handling packet loss. We use important performance metrics to evaluate our algorithm, namely, throughput, noise-to-signal ratio and the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality algorithm. We demonstrate that our algorithm performs well compared to other algorithms proposed in the literature in real world environments where packet loss is inevitable, by maintaining high throughput and good speech quality.
Reply to ``Comment on `c-axis Josephson tunneling in d x 2 -y 2 -wave superconductors' ''

This reply responds to criticisms raised in the preceding Comment by G. B. Arnold, R. A. Klemm, W. K\"orner, and K. Scharnberg [Phys. Rev. B 68, 226501 (2003)].
Monitoring Pseudomonas aeruginosa in culture plates using embedded electrochemical sensors

Described is the fabrication of a disposable electrochemical assay, embedded in solid growth media agar. By applying a unique set of potentials and measuring current change using electrochemical sensors, we were able to selectively detect the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial cultures of P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were grown on these plates for a period of 48 hours at room temperature. The maximum currents from square-wave voltammetric scans showed the production of redox active molecules by P. aeruginosa after 15 hours of growth. This simple disposable electrochemical approach for detecting P. aeruginosa could have implications for diagnosing the presence of P. aeruginosa infections in limited resource areas.
A Bias in the Prediction of Tastes

Recent research has documented an 'endowment effect' whereby people become more attached to objects they receive than would be predicted from their prior desire to possess the object. In two experiments, the authors test whether people are aware of the effect--whether they realize that they will become more attached to an object once they receive it. In both experiments, subjects without an object underestimated how much they would value the object when they received it. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.
Inherent damping, solvability conditions, and solutions for structural vibration control

This paper examines the significance of damping and finite modeling assumptions in the solution of vibration control problems. It shown that practical solutions are impossible unless sufficiently large inherent damping is assumed. Explicit formulas are developed for the required damping characteristics.
ON ABSENCE OF QUANTITATIVE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS IN MICROCRACKING MATERIALS

We show, by numerical simulations on crack arrays, that there is no stable quantitative correlation between strength of a brittle microcracking material and its effective elastic stiffness. The reason is that fracture processes are controlled by “details” of microcrack field geometry – such as local clusters of closely spaced cracks – to which the stiffness, being a volume average quantity, is almost insensitive.
POSTOPERATIVE IRRADIATION OF SPINAL CORD TUMORS IN 9 DOGS

Between 1985 and 1993, nine dogs with spinal cord tumors were treated postoperatively with cobaltradiation at North Carolina State University-Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Total doses ranged between 33.3–48.0 Gy given in 10–12 fractions of 3–4 Gy over a four week period. Five dogs were euthanized due to recurrence of the tumor or neurologic signs and two dogs were euthanized due tounrelated problems. Two dogs were alive but lost to follow-up at 12 and 25 months. Survival time ranged from 6.5–70.0 months. Median survival time (95% confidence interval) was 17 (12–70) months. Results of this study suggest decompressive surgery followed by irradiation can be an effective treatment for dogs with spinal cord tumors.
Aphonia after closed head injury: Aetiologic considerations

This report describes two patients with closed head injuries and post-traumatic aphonia who regained their voices within one session of symptomatic voice therapy. Their abilities to cough and swallow were intact, and articulation was only mildly impaired. One patient had an ataxic dysarthria and the other had spastic (pseudobulbar) dysarthria. Neither patient had oral-verbal apraxia. The findings argue against laryngeal paralysis or apraxia of phonation as the underlying cause of the aphonia. Neuropsychologic assessment revealed mild generalised intellectual impairment and frontal lobe signs but no aphasia. We postulate that the aphonia may have been due to a frontal lobe-limbic system disturbance, which affected these patients’ motivation, personality, and judgment. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of post-traumatic aphonia are discussed.
Synthesis of decentralized process control structures using the concept of block relative gain

The concept of block relative gain (BRG) is introduced to define a measure of interaction for decentralized control structures. This new theoretical development generalizes the original Bristol's relative gain array (RGA) to block pairing of inputs and outputs that are not necessarily single-input single-output pairings. Various properties of BRG are rigorously derived and formulated in a mathematical framework suited to analysis and synthesis. Based on these important properties, a methodology is developed for the systematic generation and selective screening of alternative decentralized control structures. Subsequently, a controller design procedure for the most promising decentralized structures is given. A boiler furnace and a system of heat-integrated reactors are used to illustrate the significance and the utility of the proposed method for industrial processes.