cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coloring seven-circuits

Recent work of Beraha, Hall, and Tutte has made it clear that it is interesting to express the constrained chromials of planar graphs containing an open n-circuit in terms of free chromials. This problem was solved for n = 4 and n = 5, and a partial solution given for n = 6 by Birkhoff and Lewis. The solution for the case n = 6 was completed by Hall and Lewis. There are 162 constrained chromials for the seven circuit. One of these has all 7 colors different, the remaining 161 divide themselves into 23 groups of seven each. The sum of the constrained chromials in each of these 23 groups is called a constrained rochromial. The sum of the corresponding 7 free chromials in each group is called a free rochromial. Equations are obtained expressing each of the constrained rochromials in terms of free rochromials. A new Beraha number appears exactly where it should.
Factors related to potassium transport in chronic stable renal disease in man

1. The inter-relationships between plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity, potassium excretion and plasma potassium were evaluated in subjects with normal and decreased glomerular filtration rate. 2. In seven studies of healthy control subjects and 12 studies of patients with renal disease, daily urine collections, plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured on a free diet for 5–10 days and subsequently during the addition of 50 mmol of potassium chloride daily for 5 days. Plasma aldosterone was also measured in 22 hospital patients with normal glomerular filtration rate and 24 patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate. 3. Plasma aldosterone was similar in base-line conditions in patients with or without renal disease and increased similarly during the administration of potassium chloride, suggesting that potassium excretion in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate probably does not depend primarily upon increased aldosterone. 4. Plasma renin activity increased similarly in control subjects and patients with renal disease during the administration of 50 mmol of potassium chloride/day, but plasma renin activity did not increase when 100 mmol of potassium chloride/day was given to control subjects. 5. With the administration of 50 mmol of potassium chloride/day mean daily potassium excretion increased similarly in control subjects and patients with renal disease but plasma potassium increased significantly (4·7 to 5·4 mmol/l) only in patients with renal disease, suggesting that their uptake of potassium into cells was impaired.
Chemical Studies of Attractants Associated with Reticulitermes flavipes and R. virginicus

Both the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and R. virginicus (Banks) have an abdominal gland which secretes a compound inducing trail following and other attractant behavior in either species. Purification of the compound carried through 1 gas-liquid chromatographic run gave a product active at 0.1 ng. Western white pine rotted by the fungus Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr. produced trail following with material from 100 μg of wood per ml of test solution. On a weigh t basis, L. trabea-rotted wood is approximately 20 times as rich a source of attractant as the termites themselves. When the product from wood was gas chromatographed, the active region corresponded in retention time to that found for the gland substance.
Metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis on FDG-PET/CT can predict overall survival after 90Y radioembolization of colorectal liver metastases: A comparison with SUVmax, SUVpeak, and RECIST 1.0

Abstract Purpose To compare the performance of 4 metrics of metabolic response on FDG-PET/CT against RECIST 1.0 for determining response and predicting overall survival (OS) following 90 Y resin microspheres radioembolization of colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Methods We conducted an IRB-waived retrospective review of our radioembolization database to identify patients with unresectable CLM treated between December 2009 and December 2013. We included patients who had both PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT (CECT) available at baseline and on the first follow-up post-radioembolization. On baseline CECT up to five target tumors were chosen per patient according to RECIST 1.0. Four metrics of FDG-avidity (SUVmax, SUVpeak, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) on PET/CT were measured for the same target tumors. Using RECIST 1.0, patients were classified as no progression (partial response or stable disease) and progression. For each PET metric, a cut-off point of ≥30% decrease was chosen to define response. OS was calculated from the time of radioembolization using Kaplan-Meier methodology. The log-rank test was used for univariate analysis to identify predictors of OS. Results The study enrolled 49 patients with 119 target tumors; a median of 2 (range: 1–5) tumors were selected per patient. Median OS was 12.7 months (95%CI: 7.2-16.7). Response by MTV (P=0.035) and TLG (P=0.044) reached statistical significance in predicting OS. Response by SUVmax (P=0.21), SUVpeak (P=0.20) or no progression by RECIST 1.0 (P=0.44) did not predict OS. Conclusion Metabolic response based on changes in MTV and TLG can predict OS post-radioembolization of CLM.
Evolutionary Trends in Caddis Worm Case Construction

Discussion of the probable ancestry of insects is usually based upon two types of study—investigation of the fossil record, and detailed examinations of body structure—phases of palaeontology and comparative anatomy. Such considerations usually begin with the first subdivisions of the class Insecta and conclude with the derivation of the various orders.
Effects of B20 on Combustion, Emissions and Performance of a Light-Duty Diesel Engine

This paper compares 20% bio-diesel (B20-choice white grease) fuel with baseline ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel on the performance of combustion and emissions of a light-duty 4-cylinder 2.8-liter common-rail DI diesel engine. The results show that operating the engine in the Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) regime produces lower PM and NOx with a slight penalty in fuel consumption, THC, and CO emissions. B20, in general, produces less soot. A slight increase in NOx emissions is shown with B20 compared to ULSD, with an exception at the high speed point where B20 has lower NOx values. In addition, the performance and emission characteristics are investigated as a function of the ECU injection strategy. The addition of pilot injections is found to effectively reduce combustion noise and extends the injection retard window to reach LTC combustion regimes with acceptable noise level for LD diesel engines.© 2009 ASME
Behavior in Amblystoma Larvae Lacking Forebrain, Eyes and Nasal Placodes:

SummaryAmblystoma larvae, deprived of the cerebral hemispheres, eyes, and nasal organs react by snapping at inanimate objects in motion. They are capable of feeding upon daphnia and small enchytraeid worms. Their food intake and growth is greatly reduced as compared with these functions in larvae lacking eyes and nasal organs, but with the hemispheres intact.The lateral-line sense organs alone constitute an adequate receptor apparatus for the detection of food in motion. The motor activities concerned with lurching, engulfing food, chewing and swallowing are carried out in a normal integrated manner, although they are less vigorous than in larvae with intact hemispheres.
Flexible Plastic Liquid Crystal Displays

Flexible plastic liquid crystal displays (LCDs) offer a number of advantages over traditional glass displays. Roll-to-roll manufacturing of such displays makes possible large size, inexpensive displays. While this type of manufacturing is still in the future, here we report solutions of some of the pressing problems needed to achieve this goal. We utilize liquid crystal effects that do not require polarizers and can therefore utilize commercially available, birefringent substrates such as polyesters and polyethylene terephthalate. We achieve excellent optical and mechanical performance of these flexible displays, even when bent, by creating polymer networks and polymer walls that adhere the front and back substrates and maintain uniform spacing between the substrates. Roll-to-roll processing of flexible plastic displays also requires that the photolithographic techniques used to pattern the electrodes on the current glass LCD’s be replaced by printing techniques and the development of techniques to rapidly etch unwanted electrode material. We must also develop and optimize techniques for rapidly forming polymer walls. Here we report methods of patterning ITO electrodes on flexible plastic substrates using conventional wax transfer printing techniques and rapid etching and cleaning techniques. We also report experiments that elucidate the basic science of rapidly forming polymer walls. We combine these new achievements and understanding and demonstrate their utility by fabricating a flexible plastic LCD using techniques compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing. Finally, we discuss the critical issues that must be addressed if flexible plastic LCD’s are to reach their full potential.
Effects of an In Ovo Injection of an Anti-Androgen on Embryonic and Posthatching Growth of Broiler Chicks

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine whether in ovo injection of Flutamide®, a non-steroidal anti-androgen, would affect posthatching growth of broiler chickens. Before doing these studies it was necessary to develop a bioassay to demonstrate that Flutamide® had anti-androgenic actions when injected in ovo. In ovo injection of 0.06 to 1.74 μmol of testosterone propionate (TP) per egg on the 8th d of incubation caused a dose-related decrease in weight of the bursa of Fabricius of newly hatched chicks. In subsequent experiments, 1.74 μmol of Flutamide® significantly decreased the bursal regression produced by 0.58 μmol of TP when both substances were injected on Day 8 of incubation and bursal weights were taken on the day of hatch. Having established that Flutamide® could block the effects of high doses of exogenous TP, it was reasoned that it could block the action of much lower endogenous levels. In two of the three experiments, injection of Flutamide® on the 8th d of incubation resulted in a dose-related decrease in 21- and 49-d BW of male broiler chickens. The material had no effect on BW of males in one experiment and had no effect on BW of females at any age in any of the experiments. The data suggest that interference with the actions of endogenous androgens during embryonic life suppresses the posthatching growth of male broilers.
In-Situ Gas Conversion Using a Wide Area Disc Shaped He-H2 Plasma and Organometallic Feedstocks

A wide area disc shaped plasma source of 20cm in diameter generated by a ring shaped cathode electron beam is used to decompose Trimethylgallium (TMGa) and Trimethylarsenic (TMAs). Volume photo-absorption of VUV photons and sensitized atom-molecule collisions with excited species and radicals can all assist dissociation of the organometallic feedstock reactants. In addition, the excited radical flux and VUV impingement on the film may also assist heterogeneous surface reactions and increase surface mobility of absorbed species. Mass spectrometry studies using deuterium as a replacement for hydrogen as a trace gas allowed for the elicidation of decomposition pathways of TMGa and TMAs. Byproducts of hydrogen and helium plasmas were also studied.
Industrial Buyer ‘Choice Criteria’ Under Diverse Industrial Settings

While there is a great need, there is a general paucity of research dealing with inter-country studies in organizational behavior literature. This is especially so with regard to comparing the organizational buyers in diverse socio-economic and industrial settings. This paper analyzes and reports differences and similarities between the American and the Indian industrial buyers with regard to their °choice criteria’ in selecting vendors. Similarities and differences between the two groups of industrial buyers were statistically analyzed across sixty four vendor attributes and two product buying situations -- standard and special.
Cloning, stem cell research and some historic parallels.

Too many scientists have called for "therapeutic" cloning, and for use of the "spare" embryos, without thinking through the several consequences, some of which could be devastating. For example, Humpherys, et al., have shown in mice that cloning by nuclear transfer is so inefficient that most clones die. Those that survive often display growth abnormalities. They also examined the embryonic stem cells and found their genome to be "extremely unstable".
A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)

Species of the shore-fly genus Gymnoclasiopa Hendel from the New World are revised, including Gymnoclasiopa grecorum sp. n. (Alaska. Juneau: Gastineau Channel, Thane Road (S Juneau; 58°16.9'N, 134°22.4'W)) and Gymnoclasiopa matanuska sp. n. (Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna: Palmer (Matanuska River; 61°36.5'N, 149°04.1'W)). We also clarify the status of previously described species, including those now discovered to have Holarctic distributions and/or for which sexual dimorphism was not appreciated and the species was described twice, including Gymnoclasiopa montana (Cresson) as a syn. n. of Gymnoclasiopa bohemanni (Becker). Two species, Gymnoclasiopa bella (Mathis), comb. n., and Gymnoclasiopa chiapas (Mathis), comb. n., are transferred from Ditrichophora to Gymnoclasiopa, and Gymnoclasiopa cana Cresson stat. rev. and Ditrichophora canifrons Cresson, stat. rev. are returned to Ditrichophora, the genus in which Cresson originally described them. A neotype is designated for Gymnoclasiopa tacoma to stabilize the nomenclature of this species. The two excluded species, Ditrichophora cana and Ditrichophora canifrons, are diagnosed and distributional data are also provided. For all known New World species of Gymnoclasiopa, structures of the male terminalia are described for the first time and are fully illustrated. Detailed locality data and distribution maps are also included. To provide context and also to facilitate identification, diagnoses are included for the tribe Discocerinini and genus in addition to a key to the genera and species occurring in the New World.
A haemodynamic analysis of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

Abnormal haemodynamics of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may account for a large spectrum of pathophysiology, including vascular steal, haemorrhage> chronic hypoperfusion, and low-...
Reading Sounds: Close-Captioned Media and Popular Culture, Sean Zdenek: Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. 368 pages. $40.00 paperback

Sean Zdenek writes in Reading Sounds, “I set out to break new ground in caption studies. Much work still remains. I hope that this book can serve as a roadmap for future scholars and others interes...
A Mammary-type Myofibroblastoma of the Prostate: A Case Report

We report the case of a 51-year-old gentleman presenting with obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms, found to have a large prostate mass on imaging. A radical prostatectomy was performed and pathological diagnosis revealed a 12 cm mammary-type myofibroblastoma replacing the entire prostate. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma is a rare lesion outside of the breast, and is considered benign. This is the first reported case of a mammary-type myofibroblastoma occurring in the prostate.
CONTINUOUS TIME MARKOV CHAINS

This chapter presents several important examples of continuous time, discrete state Markov processes. Birth and death processes form a powerful tool available to the stochastic modeler. The richness of the birth and death parameters facilitates modeling a variety of phenomena. At the same time, standard methods of analysis are available for determining numerous important quantities such as stationary distributions and mean first passage times. The traditional procedure for constructing birth and death processes is to prescribe the birth and death parameters { λ i , μ i }i=∞ and build the path structure by utilizing the preceding description concerning the waiting times and the conditional transition probabilities of the various states. Birth and death processes in which λ 0 = 0 arise frequently and are correspondingly important. For these processes, the zero state is an absorbing state. In physics, engineering, sociology, and biology, Markov processes arise whose values are subsets of a given finite set, while in sociology, the process may track the set of people-pairs having a specified relation. These processes are finite state Markov chains.
An on-body conformai printed array antenna at mmWave frequencies for healthcare applications

On-body printed antenna is a rapidly growing research area targeted for healthcare, biomedical, public safety and military applications. Printed antennas in both microwave (MW) and millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands have been found useful for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) and medical devices. While miniaturization, conformability and good near-field patterns have prime importance in the antenna design, the interaction of RF signals with human body and the effective signal penetration need to be assessed carefully during the design phase. An on-body 2×2 printed antenna array is under development at mmWave frequencies on a flexible material. The single patch antenna design and results are presented in this paper. The return loss data due to the close proximity of skin is also discussed. The results from the array showing specific absorption rate (SAR) and power density (PD) profile on an experimental phantom using a high-resolution infrared camera will be presented at the symposium.
Unexplained Anemia Is Common in Elderly Patients with Anemia and Is Characterized by a Low Erythropoietin Level

Abstract BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in the elderly and associated with substantial morbidity and even mortality. Previous reports suggest that approximately one third of patients ≥65 have an anemia that remains unexplained after hematologic evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cohort of elderly patients for underlying causes of anemia with a thorough hematologic evaluation in an attempt to better isolate the “unexplained anemia” group for further study. METHODS: Men and women 65 years and older with anemia as defined by World Health Organization criteria and seen either at Stanford Hospital and Clinics (SHC) or VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems (VAPAHCS) underwent a comprehensive hematologic evaluation to determine the etiology of the anemia. Evaluation included a complete blood count, red cell indices, review of the peripheral smear, and assessments of iron and cobalamin status and renal function, with additional assessment driven by initial clinical findings. RESULTS: 113 patients were enrolled, 77 (68%) at VAPAHCS and 36 (32%) at SHC. Of the 113 patients, 98 (87%) were men, 79 (70%) caucasian, 15 (13%) asian, and 14 (12 %) black. The mean age was 78 years (range 65 to 93), median hemoglobin (Hb) was 11.5 g/dL (range 6.4 to 12.9), mean MCV was 92 femtoliters (fL) (range 73–118), mean absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) in 112 patients was 52 K/uL (range 14.7–157.3), mean reticulocyte production index in 112 patients was 0.68 (range 0.15–1.99) and the median erythropoietin (epo) level in 109 patients was 18.6 mU/mL (range 3.8–700). Ninety-eight of 113 (87%) patients have completed their evaluation for anemia. In these 98, 43 were diagnosed with UA; 15 were judged to have anemia related, at least in part, to hormonal and/or radiation treatment for prostate cancer; 13 patients were diagnosed or strongly suspected to have a hematologic malignancy (including myelodysplastic syndrome); 11 were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia; 2 each had renal insufficiency alone (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) DISCUSSION: Despite a comprehensive evaluation for anemia, 44% of anemic elderly patients were found to have unexplained anemia. Those with unexplained anemia had a normocytic, hypoproliferative anemia with normal to low epo levels, regardless of whether the eGFR was below or above 60. We hypothesize that these patients with UA who have distinctly lower epo levels may have age-dependent impairment in the hypoxia-inducible-factor oxygen sensing mechanisms.
Entre música e literatura: uma abordagem intermidiática

Resumo : A intermidialidade e o cruzamento de fronteiras entre midias, o qual abrange inumeras formas de arte e formas de comunicacao. Focalizando na interacao entre musica e literatura, o presente artigo defende que o conceito de intermidialidade amplia as possibilidades de dialogos entre essas artes e abarca perspectivas muitas vezes suprimidas por previas abordagens comparativas entre musica e literatura. Para este fim, recorremos aos estudos de intermidialidade propostos por Claus Cluver e Irine Rajewsky observando a funcao e definicao de midia tanto na capacidade de arte, como meio utilizado para a transmissao de significados, assim como as subcategorias de intermidialidade. Nossa discussao ocorre no cenario artistico brasileiro, no qual apresentamos exemplos da relacao entre musica e literatura em producoes de Chico Buarque e Caetano Veloso. Ao analisar o papel da midia nas criacoes desses artistas, concluimos que a midia pode ser usada como forma de potencializar o significante da obra-fonte, provendo variados direcionamentos para o receptor, alem de expandir a mensagem transmitida devido a variacao de midia.
Effect of Stigma and Concealment on Avoidant-Oriented Friendship Goals

In this research, we propose a hypothesized model that outlines pathways by which stigma impacts interpersonal behavior within close relationships through avoidant-oriented friendship goals. We also examine how stigma concealment moderates the extent to which these avoidant goals are activated. In Study 1, among people with mental illness (PWMI), the relationship between internalized stigma and self-silencing was mediated by avoidant-oriented friendship goals. In Study 2, experimentally making stigmatized identity salient increased the endorsement of avoidant-oriented friendship goals, particularly for people relatively high in concealment. Collectively, these studies highlight a social dilemma encountered by PWMI; what may be adaptive regulatory responses to stigmatization can motivate behavior that has negative effects in close relationships.
Population-based Incidence of Intraocular Lens Exchange in Olmsted County, Minnesota

Purpose To determine the population-based incidence of pseudophakic intraocular lens exchange in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Design Retrospective review of a population-based cohort. Methods Patients undergoing pseudophakic intraocular lens exchange in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 2016 were identified from the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical record linkage system. Indications and outcomes were determined, and the incidence rate was calculated as cases per 1 000 000 person-years. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess changes in incidence over time, and the cumulative probability of needing a lens exchange was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Eighty cases of intraocular lens exchange were identified, yielding an overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate of 28.4 per million (confidence interval [CI], 22.1–34.7), which increased over the study period ( P = .04). The 30-year cumulative probability of intraocular lens exchange among patients undergoing cataract surgery was 1.5% (CI, 0.6%–2.4%), increasing at a relatively constant rate. Dislocated lenses accounted for 72.5% of lens exchanges. Unplanned refractive outcome of primary cataract surgery and uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome from squared-edged haptics emerged as newer indications for intraocular lens exchange. Conclusions The population-based incidence of pseudophakic intraocular lens exchange has increased over the last 30 years, and can be explained by the increase in incidence rate of cataract surgery over the same period. Surgeons should be aware of emerging indications of intraocular lens exchange, which reflect changes in lens design and increasing expectations of refractive outcomes.
Black LGB Identities and Perceptions of Same-Sex Marriage

The 2015 SCOTUS ruling legalizing same-sex marriage was hailed as a universal victory for the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community, but the pervasive support mobilized to achieve this goal may mask important dissension and inequality within the community. Specifically, how race may shape or perpetuate inequalities in the LGB community through same-sex marriage largely has been absent from the discussion. Focusing on the perceived impact of same-sex marriage in respondents' lives, I investigate the relationship between Black LGBs' perception of same-sex marriage legalization and their intersectional identities and community membership. Drawing from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality Project survey, I explain the complexity of the attitudes of Black LGBs to the legalization of same-sex marriage and illustrate that (1) Black LGBs exhibit heterogeneous interpretation of the effects of same-sex marriage legalization on their lives based on their racial and sexual identities, and (2) same-sex marriage may provide Black LGBs the rationale to affirm their racial community membership as sexual minorities. This study pushes our understanding of the relationship between intersectional identities and individuals' perceptions of the self, identity-based community memberships, and social institutions.
The partial ileal bypass operation in treatment of the hyperlipidemias.

We performed the first human partial ileal bypass operation specifically for cholesterol reduction on May 29, 1963 (1). Currently other institutions, in the United States and in Europe, have initiated test programs to study this method of cholesterol lowering (2–11,*).
Interstitial radiotherapy combined with interstitial hyperthermia in the management of recurrent tumors.

Properly administered radiotherapy is an effective treatment for early tumors, resulting in over 90% local control for T1 and T2 lesions (Marcial and Pajak 1983). This incidence of local control decreases sharply with increase in tumor volume. Presence of metastatic tumor in the regional lymph nodes decreases the locoregional control for each T stage by approximately 50% (Marcial and Pajak 1985). In head and neck tumors, persistent or recurrent locoregional disease is the most frequent site of first failure (Marcial et al. 1983) and is responsible for patient death. Locoregional control has a profound importance on survival in tumors including malignant melanoma (Overgaard et al. 1968; Overgaard 1986). Similar problems, perhaps with a higher incidence of locoregional failure, are seen in surgically treated head and neck tumors (Strong 1983).
Endotoxin-Initiated Organ Failure Responses

The role of endotoxin in multiorgan system failure continues to be intensely investigated, not only from the standpoint of the importance of the release of lipopolysaccharide in gram negative sepsis but, as Dr. Herndon points out in his presentation, endotoxin may be released into the circulation in many other forms of trauma. There have been few reports that endotoxin is directly responsible for organ failure. Consequently, the role of endotoxin in multiorgan system failure is thought to be through that of mediation. The source and nature of the putative mediators of the reponses are well discussed in the presentations of the other participants, especially in the case of endotoxin in the blood presented by Dr. Redl. Consequently, this presentation will concentrate on the cardiopulmonary systems, kidney, brain, gut and liver.
Exploring the Concept of Dialogue in the Self-Study of Teaching Practices

This papaer examines professional dialogue as a crucial element in r self-study practice and research. Over time our group has consistently employed professional dialogue to critically explore our work. Using electronic communiques, institutional documents, informal interviews, and more we have recorded and analyzed our experiences in academia and beyond. In this work we begin to question Dialogue as either method or methodology. We consider the interweaving: how we talk about practice and how we practice teaching and teacher education individually, collectively, and individually again. We consider the themes of community, cycles, and knowledge building for knowing and using dialogue. Finally we assert that through dialogue, we come to more clearly walk our talk.
Author Correction: Microbial niches in marine oxygen minimum zones

In Figure 3, 'Candidatus Scalindua' and Thaumarchaeota were erroneously shown to produce nitrous oxide (N2O). As neither group directly produces N2O, the arrows and products have been removed both online and in the pdf. The authors apologize for any confusion caused.
Dormant-Season Fire Inhibits Sixweeks Fescue and Enhances Forage Production in Shortgrass Steppe

Semiarid rangelands experience substantial interannual variability in precipitation, which can determine the relative abundance of species in any given year and influence the way that fire affects plant community composition and productivity. Long-term studies are needed to examine potential interactions between fluctuating community composition and the role of fire in these ecosystems. Here, we report on an 11-year (2006 to 2016) study of annual and triennial dormant-season prescribed fires in the semiarid shortgrass steppe of Colorado, USA. Productivity of the dominant C4 shortgrasses was not reduced by dormant-season burns in any year. The C3 annual grass, six-weeks fescue (Vulpia octoflora [Walter] Rydb.) was rare during the first 7 years (2006 to 2012) but, following drought in 2012, increased dramatically in unburned plots (2013 to 2016). Both spring and autumn annual burns reduced fescue biomass during 2014 to 2016 by an average of 87%. Autumn triennial burns prior to the 2013 and 2016 growing seasons similarly reduced fescue (86%), while spring triennial burns implemented prior to the 2012 and 2015 growing seasons did not. Results indicate that burning during fescue establishment can prevent proliferation, but burning two years later when fescue had reached peak abundance was ineffective. All three burn treatments that suppressed fescue subsequently enhanced C4 grass production. We suggest that rangeland managers be aware of the potential for sixweeks fescue germination and establishment during warm, wet winters that follow drought years, and consider the use of dormant-season prescribed fire to adaptively reduce negative impacts on forage production.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) breast cancer treated with 3-week accelerated hypofractionated whole-breast radiation therapy and concomitant boost

In patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the clinical outcomes with hypofractionated (HF) whole-breast radiation (WBRT), as well as the role of lumpectomy boost, continue to be evaluated. In this paper, we report our experience on DCIS patients treated with HF WBRT with concomitant boost (CB). Early-stage (DCIS, stages I and II) breast cancer patients were treated on an IRB-approved prospective single-arm study with HF WBRT and CB. This study includes only the DCIS subset of patients prescribed a dose of 40.5 Gy × 2.7 Gy per fraction to WB with CB of 4.5 Gy × 0.3G y per fraction over 15 fractions. A total of 107 breasts in 104 patients met the study criteria. All patients underwent lumpectomy with negative margins. Median age was 59 years. DCIS nuclear grade distribution was 9.3% grade 1, 50.5% grade 2, and 37.4% grade 3. Majority (86%) were ER positive. 41.1% received endocrine therapy. With median follow-up of 74 months (range, 12–158), 5-year actuarial overall survival was 97.2%. At the time of this report, no patient has experienced local relapse. The CTCAE grades 1 and 2 acute skin toxicity was 66.4% and 3.7%, respectively. No patients experienced grade 3 or higher skin toxicity, breast pain, and fatigue. The HF schedule with CB in DCIS patients is well tolerated and associated with excellent clinical outcomes. This schedule affords the benefit of delivering higher dose to the lumpectomy site without protracting overall treatment time.
Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

This treatise involves the genus Lasiodera Gray. The species composition of Lasiodera involves Lasiodera kirbyi (Gray), Lasiodera ruficollis (Gorham), Lasiodera rufipes (Klug), and Lasiodera trifasciata (Laporte). Lectotypes are designated for L. ruficollis, L. rufipes, and L. trifasciata. Lasiodera mulleri Pic and Enoplium ornatum Klug are synonymized with L. ruficollis, and Pelonium zonatum Thomson is synonymized with L. rufipes. Morphological structures suggest that these beetles have a carnivorous life style. It is postulated that the ancestor of this monophyletic assemblage diversified in the highlands of southeastern Brazil. It is also postulated that L. kirbyi is a mimic of the velvet ant Haplomutilla spinosa (Swederus) (Mutillidae). Included in this work are an identification key to the adults of Lasiodera species, a discussion of natural history, hypotheses of evolution, two phylogenetic trees, 26 illustrations, eight SEM micrographs, four genitalic photographs, seven habitus photographs, and one distributional map.
Unitary qubit lattice algorithm for three-dimensional vortex solitons in hyperbolic self-defocusing media

Abstract To obtain stable vortex structures in three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear optics, Efremidis et al. (2007) have introduced a generalized Nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) in which the transverse quantum vortex components are stabilized by a longitudinal bright soliton: i.e., the elliptic operator ∇2 is replaced by its hyperbolic counterpart ∇ ⊥ 2 − ∂ 2 / ∂ z 2 . A new 3D mesoscopic qubit unitary lattice algorithm is developed for this generalized NLS. One introduces 2 qubits for each lattice site and entangles them with a local unitary collision operator. This entanglement is then spread throughout the lattice by nearest neighbor streaming. These interwined operators lead to an extremely well parallelized code on classical supcomputers while their unitary structure will permit encoding onto a quantum computer. Somewhat unexpectedly, the hyperbolic operator can be realized from variations in the collision operator, without introducing variations in the streaming operator. The initial line vortices are generated by Pade asymptotics. The energy constraint is conserved to 10 digit accuracy.
Opacity and the comovement in the stock prices of banks

We examine whether the stock prices of banks co‐move more than the stock prices of non‐banks, and whether that comovement is driven by informational opacity. Since the risks associated with the financial intermediation process are relatively opaque to outside investors, valuing banks can be difficult and information acquisition can be costly. We introduce a measure of comovement, denoted as beta dispersion, that identifies how closely a particular stock co‐moves with the average industry CAPM beta. We find that bank stock prices generally co‐move more than non‐bank stock prices, and that opacity is driving the higher levels of comovement.
Parents’ Perceptions of Infant Crying: A Possible Path to Preventing Abusive Head Trauma

Abstract Objective Infant crying can lead to parental frustration and is the most common trigger for abusive head trauma (AHT). We used qualitative methodology with an activating stimulus (an audiotape of an infant crying) to prime the participants to engage in open dialogue for the purpose of understanding their perceptions of infant crying and its association with AHT, with the aim that information from these interviews and the impact of hearing the activating stimulus could be used to inform interventions to prevent AHT that would resonate with parents. Methods We conducted 25 initial qualitative interviews and 16 subsequent interviews with mothers and fathers of newborns. Before the initial interview, parents listened to a 1-minute audio clip of a crying infant, followed by a preventive message regarding AHT. The transcribed data were analyzed, and themes were developed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory. Data collection and analysis continued past the point of thematic saturation. Results Four themes emerged from the initial interviews: (1) previous experience is helpful to manage infant crying; (2) babies cry for a reason; (3) shaking an infant is incomprehensible to parents; and (4) the role of safety planning to manage frustration with crying. Analysis of the subsequent interviews revealed two additional themes: (1) use of supports for infant crying (e.g., technology and physician advice) and (2) effects of the audio clip on caregiving practices. Conclusion Previous experiences and beliefs about crying affect parents’ perceptions of infant crying and AHT. After discharge, parents reported using technology for information and support and thinking about the audio clip when caring for their infant. These experiences, beliefs and practices may aid in shaping effective prevention strategies to prevent AHT.
Current and Recurring Issues in the Assessment of Intelligence and Personality

In this chapter we discuss current trends in the assessment of intelligence and personality that we believe have implications for the future of these disciplines. The present, however, is always illuminated by the past; indeed, sometimes it is comprehensible only when seen in the context of antecedent events. Therefore, when possible, we identify some of the threads that tie current controversies to previous debates. Although we believe that the issues we have identified will help shape future developments, we refrain for the most part from specific speculations about the future of intelligence and personality assessment. Our reading of others’ past predictions about the future of psychological theory and research is that those that are more than simple extrapolations usually look at best charmingly naive in retrospect.
Extracellular Vesicles Released From Articular Chondrocytes Play a Major Role in Cell–Cell Communication

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), released from articular chondrocytes in a physiological or pathological state, in cell-cell communication with other articular chondrocytes or chondrocyte precursor cells. The conditioned medium from interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated human articular chondrocytes stimulated catabolic events and inhibited type II collagen expression in articular chondrocytes to a much greater degree than medium from IL-1β-treated chondrocytes after complete removal of EVs. The vehicle-treated and IL-1β-treated human articular chondrocytes released EVs of similar size; however, the number of EVs released by IL-1β-treated chondrocytes was markedly higher than the number of EVs released from the vehicle-treated cells. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that similar to medium from IL-1β-treated chondrocytes containing EVs, EVs isolated from medium of IL-1β-treated chondrocytes stimulated catabolic events in articular chondrocytes, whereas EVs isolated from the medium of vehicle-treated chondrocytes inhibited catabolic events and increased messenger RNA levels of aggrecan and type II collagen in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Furthermore, the medium containing EVs from vehicle-treated articular chondrocytes or EVs isolated from this medium stimulated chondrogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells, whereas medium containing EVs from IL-1β-treated chondrocytes or EVs isolated from this medium inhibited chondrogenesis. Our findings suggest that EVs released by articular chondrocytes play a key role in the communication between joint cells and ultimately in joint homeostasis, maintenance, pathology, and repair. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:731-739, 2020.
Saving neurology: Once more with feeling.

Burnout among all physicians and the persistent predominance of men in the neurology workforce are 2 topics increasingly studied and discussed in medical literature. The review by Hasan et al.1 in this issue of Neurology ® proposes a link between these 2 seemingly disparate phenomena and suggests that they, together, will be responsible for a widening gap between the need for and supply of neurologists in the global workforce. As women increasingly make up medical school classes, choose medical fields with salary parity between men and women, seek positions that provide flexibility in workload and work hours, and retire before 65 years of age, the neurology workforce will shrink, they posit.
A reliability-constrained demand response-based method to increase the hosting capacity of power systems to electric vehicles

Abstract This paper proposes a reliability-constrained demand response-based method to maximise the permissible penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) at electric power system buses. The continuous increase of EVs will deteriorate the reliability of power systems if no countermeasures are taken. Implementation of demand response (DR) programs can be an effective solution to reduce or even avoid load curtailments. Also, the mobility of EV loads causes a dynamic change in load curtailments. This dynamic change can be captured through building load profiles for EVs considering drivers’ behaviour and preferences to charge EVs. The proposed method is developed based on a DR program and load profiles of EVs. In the proposed method, existing load profiles are combined with load profiles for initial numbers of EVs at corresponding buses. The initial numbers are calculated based on total interruptible/curtailable (I/C) loads at system buses and peak load of EVs. Drivers’ behaviour and preferences in terms of charging times, periods, and locations are modelled in developing load profiles for EVs. Then, I/C loads-based DR is implemented to restructure load profiles of system buses. Both incentives and penalties are considered to develop the DR program. Finally, the maximum permissible penetration level is calculated by increasing the number of EVs until systems’ prior (without EVs) reliability level is achieved. The proposed method is demonstrated on the Roy Billinton Test System, IEEE Reliability Test System, and IEEE-33 Bus Distribution System. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to evaluate the well-known reliability indices of power systems. The results show that the permissible penetration level of EVs in power systems can be increased significantly using the proposed method.
The lab on lockdown: thinking back and looking ahead.

The shuttering of labs across nations during the COVID-19 pandemic created significant complexities related to remote lab management and ongoing research. The lessons learned may provide opportunities for new ways of working in the post-pandemic era. Gina Poe and Denise Cai reflect on the challenges to research team management presented by the widespread closure of laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic and consider the unexpected opportunities that have arisen from the lockdown
Examination of Family Counseling Coursework and Scope of Practice for Professional Mental Health Counselors

This study examined couple and family counseling coursework in the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)–accredited clinical mental health counseling...
The Mini Astrophysical MeV Background Observatory (MAMBO) CubeSat mission

The origin of the cosmic diffuse gamma-ray (CDG) background in the 0.3 – 30 MeV energy range is a mystery that has persisted for over 40 years. The Mini Astrophysical MeV Background Observatory (MAMBO) is a CubeSat mission concept motivated by the fact that, since the MeV CDG is relatively bright, only a small detector is required to make highquality measurements of it. Indeed, the sensitivity of space-based gamma-ray instruments to the CDG is limited not by size, but by the locally generated instrumental background produced by interactions of energetic particles in spacecraft materials. Comparatively tiny CubeSat platforms provide a uniquely quiet environment relative to previous gamma-ray science missions. The MAMBO mission will provide the best measurements ever made of the MeV CDG spectrum and angular distribution, utilizing two key innovations: 1) low instrumental background on a 12U CubeSat platform; and 2) an innovative shielded spectrometer design that simultaneously measures signal and background. We describe the MAMBO instrument and mission concept in detail, including simulations and laboratory measurements demonstrating the key measurement concept.
Validity of the Occupational Performance Scale of the Sensory Processing Three Dimensions Measure

Importance The Sensory Processing Three Dimensions (SP3D) Occupational Performance Scale (OPS) is a new parent-report measure developed for use as part of a comprehensive occupational therapy evaluation for children with sensory processing and integration challenges. Objective To examine the internal consistency and discriminant validity of the SP3D OPS, examine relations between sensory processing subtypes and areas of occupational performance (OP), and determine the extent to which specific sensory processing challenges predict problems with OP. Design Nonexperimental, descriptive design using correlations, group comparisons, and stepwise regression. Setting Three outpatient clinic sites in the United States. Participants Parents of 66 children (33 typically developing and 33 with clinical problems) ranging in age from 4 to 12 yr. Outcomes and measures The SP3D OPS and SP3D Inventory were completed by parents to address psychometrics of the SP3D OPS and determine the association between sensory processing and integration challenges with OP. Results Internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of the SP3D OPS were supported. Scores on the Dyspraxia and Sensory Overresponsivity subscales best predicted deficits in OP. Significant relations were found between sensory processing and integration and competency in multiple OP areas. Conclusions and relevance The SP3D OPS shows promise as a measure of OP. The OP deficits among children with sensory processing and integration challenges are in part due to subtype presentation. Further studies of the SP3D OPS's reliability and validity are needed. What this article adds This new occupational performance measure shows associations between sensory processing and OP areas. It can provide information to support therapists in identifying family concerns relevant to goal setting and intervention.
Machine learning: principles and applications for thoracic surgery.

Objectives Machine learning (ML) has experienced a revolutionary decade with advances across many disciplines. We seek to understand how recent advances in ML are going to specifically influence the practice of surgery in the future with a particular focus on thoracic surgery. Methods Review of relevant literature in both technical and clinical domains. Results ML is a revolutionary technology that promises to change the way that surgery is practiced in the near future. Spurred by an advance in computing power and the volume of data produced in healthcare, ML has shown remarkable ability to master tasks that had once been reserved for physicians. Supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning are all important techniques that can be leveraged to improve care. Five key applications of ML to cardiac surgery include diagnostics, surgical skill assessment, postoperative prognostication, augmenting intraoperative performance and accelerating translational research. Some key limitations of ML include lack of interpretability, low quality and volumes of relevant clinical data, ethical limitations and difficulties with clinical implementation. Conclusions In the future, the practice of cardiac surgery will be greatly augmented by ML technologies, ultimately leading to improved surgical performance and better patient outcomes.