cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethical and Practical Considerations in the Management of Incidental Findings in Pediatric MRI Studies

ABSTRACT Objective: The authors examined the ethical and practical management issues resulting from the detection of incidental abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research studies in healthy pediatric volunteers. Method: A retrospective examination of the findings from 60 clinical reports of research MRI scans from a cohort of healthy pediatric volunteers (ages 10-21) was conducted. Results: A neuroradiologist noted incidental abnormalities in 8 (13%) of 60 subjects. Of these eight children, three (5%) adolescents were found to have abnormalities (possible tumor, possible vascular malformation, and unidentified bright object in white matter, respectively) that were judged to require further diagnostic workup. In the first two cases, follow-up MRI ruled out the possibility of a tumor or vascular malformation. In the third case, a follow-up MRI 24 months later found that the white matter abnormality remained stable and was thus deemed to be of no clinical significance. Conclusions: In healthy children who are participating in research MRI protocols, it is ethically difficult to determine whether films should be read clinically. Based on this retrospective analysis, there would have been no risk(s) associated with not reading the films. In contrast, considerable anxiety was generated as a consequence of having the scans clinically read by a neuroradiologist because of the reporting of incidental abnormalities that later turned out to be false positives. Also, the detection of no abnormality on a research-quality scan could imply erroneously to some subjects that no abnormality was present, which may have been falsely reassuring.
Central role of southern Hemisphere winds and eddies in modulating the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon

[1] Although the world ocean is known to be a major sink of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, the exact processes governing the magnitude and regional distribution of carbon uptake remain poorly understood. Here we show that Southern Hemisphere winds, by altering the Ekman volume transport out of the Southern Ocean, strongly control the regional distribution of anthropogenic uptake in an ocean general circulation model, while winds and isopycnal thickness mixing together, by altering the volume of light, actively-ventilated ocean water, exert strong control over the absolute magnitude of anthropogenic uptake. These results are provocative in suggesting that climate-mediated changes in pycnocline volume may ultimately control changes in future carbon uptake.
Methodological issues in assessing the incidence of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in children

♦ Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of peritonitis incidence and assess the usefulness of patient-specific peritonitis rates in children. ♦ Design: 49 children on automated peritoneal dialysis (PD) followed during a 2-year observation period. ♦ Setting: Single-center, academic children’s hospital. ♦ Patients: 49 children aged 2 months to 18 years; 24 prevalent, 25 incident during the observation period. Cumulative observation time was 639 patient-months. ♦ Main Outcome Measures: Cohort-specific peritonitis incidence, median patient-specific peritonitis incidence, mean peritonitis incidence by gamma-Poisson (negative binomial) modeling, peritonitis-free survival by Kaplan– Meier life-table analysis. ♦ Results: 68 new peritonitis episodes and 21 relapses occurred in 27 patients. The distribution of patient-specific peritonitis incidence was bimodal, with a large group experiencing no or very few episodes, and another cluster around 1 episode per 6 – 9 months. Overall cohort-specific peritonitis incidence was 1.28, median subject-specific incidence 0.99, and mean incidence according to negative binomial modeling 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.02 – 1.06) episodes per patient-year. Median peritonitis-free survival time was 6.9 months. In those patients who developed peritonitis, subject-specific peritonitis incidence was inversely correlated with patient age (r = –0.42, p < 0.05) and duration of chronic PD at last observation (r = –0.42, p < 0.05). ♦ Conclusions: Since the distribution of peritonitis in children is non-Gaussian, the average risk of peritonitis is more accurately expressed by the median of the individual subject-specific peritonitis rates or by the mean incidence estimate obtained by the negative binomial distribution model. The assignment of a personal peritonitis risk to each patient permits risk factor analysis by routine statistical methods, even in smaller populations.
THE BIOLOGY OF AMBROSIA TRIFIDA L. IV. DEMOGRAPHY OF PLANTS AND LEAVES

Summary In low-density populations of Ambrosia trifida plants grown in monoculture in the field all individuals survived to maturity. The plants had high rates of leaf birth and death. However, under high densities there was death of whole plants and a decline in leaf birth - and death-rates. Furthermore, under high densities leaves lived longer than did leaves under low density. Thus, regulation of populations in response to density occurs at two levels: whole plants and individual leaves.
Differential effects of near-UV and visible light on active transport and other membrane processes in Escherichia coli.

— The effects of monochromatic near-UV and visible light on active transport and several other membrane processes in Escherichia coli were investigated. Using mercury lines at 366, 405, 435, 546 and 578 nm, large differential effects were observed. Transport systems with photosensitive initial rates of uptake were classified into three groups on the basis Of wavelength dependence. Three, and possibly four photosensitizers may be involved; three active under aerobic conditions and the fourth in the absence of oxygen. Respiration rate exhibited the same sensitivity as one of the groups, suggesting that the active uptake of member amino acids (e.g. glycine) is largely dependent on oxidative energy. The photosensitivity of glycine transport at 405 nm was not the result of inhibition of the membrane-bound Ca–Mg adenosine triphosphatase as shown using an isogenic mutant strain. Cell viability was not affected at the highly active wavelength, 405 nm. Photoeffects on transport of α-methylglucoside were minimal at 366 and 405 nm, contrasting to most of the amino acids investigated. The relative photosensitivity of respiration and several amino acid transport systems depended on carbon source.
On equivariant adaptation in blind deconvolution

In blind source separation, equivariance has been shown to be a useful property for designing simple and efficient iterative algorithms for the task. In this paper, we explore iterative equivariant algorithms for block-based blind deconvolution, in which the deconvolved symbol sequence is found by successively filtering the estimated symbol sequence. A procedure based on maximum likelihood estimation of the source symbol sequence is given, and its performance is studied through simulations. In addition, we show that in the absence of truncation effects, the well-known Shalvi-Weinstein blind deconvolution algorithm is an iterative equivariant blind deconvolution procedure.
The Effect of Retention Interval Task Difficulty on Young Children's Prospective Memory: Testing the Intention Monitoring Hypothesis

The current study examined the impact of retention interval task difficulty on 4- and 5-year-olds’ prospective memory (PM) to test the hypothesis that children periodically monitor their intentions during the retention interval and that disrupting this monitoring may result in poorer PM performance. In addition, relations among PM, working memory, theory of mind (ToM), and 2 types of planning were investigated. Children (N = 64) were randomly assigned to an easy or difficult filler task during the retention interval prior to the PM task. Five-year-olds outperformed 4-year-olds on the PM task, and children receiving the easy filler task outperformed those receiving the difficult filler task. Further, working memory, planning, and ToM were positively associated with PM for children receiving the difficult filler task but not for children receiving the easy filler task. Findings are interpreted with respect to the predictions of the intention monitoring hypothesis as well as the multiprocess framework of PM.
Isolating the delay component of impulsive choice in adolescent rats

Impulsive choice — the preference for small immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards — has been linked to various psychological conditions ranging from behavioral disorders to addiction. These links highlight the critical need to dissect the various components of this multifaceted behavioral trait. Delay discounting tasks allow researchers to study an important factor of this behavior: how the subjective value of a rewards changes over a delay period. However, existing methods of delay discounting include a confound of modifying reward sizes during the procedure. Here we present a new approach of using a single constant reward size to assess delay discounting. A complementary approach could hold delay constant and assess the utility of changing quantities of a reward. Isolating these behavioral components can advance our ability to explore the behavioral complexity of impulsive choice. We present the methods for isolating delay in detail, and further capitalize on this method by pairing it with a standard peak interval task to test whether individual variation in delay discounting can be explained by differences in perception of time in male and female adolescent rats. We find that rats that were more precise in discriminating time intervals were also less impulsive in their choice. Our data suggest that differences in timing and delay discounting are not causally related, but instead are more likely influenced by a common factor. Further, the mean-level change in our measure between postnatal day 28 and 42 suggests this test may be capturing a developmental change in this factor. In summary, this new method of isolating individual components of impulsive choice (delay or quantity) can be efficiently applied in either adolescent or adult animal models and may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying impulsivity and its links to psychological disorders.
The Size and Adjustment Speed of Mispricing in Forex Markets

I use a measure of relative speed of adjustment to new information, based on Hasbrouck (1995) information shares, to investigate the relationship between the deviations of prices from their no-arbitrage value and the differences in informational efficiency across currency markets trading the same underlying asset. I examine this relationship by studying the joint dynamics of the futures-cash basis and information share differential across futures and cash markets. I look at intraday data for the Euro/US$ and Yen/US$ exchange rates in three markets based on electronic trading systems: the CME Globex regular futures, the CME Globex E-mini futures, and the EBS interdealer spot market. There is evidence of two-way Granger causality between the no-arbitrage futures-cash basis and the relative speed of adjustment measure. Shocks to the no-arbitrage basis predict future differences in the speed of adjustment, and vice versa. The evidence is robust across both currency markets (Euro/US$ and Yen/US$), and also across markets with different degrees of liquidity (regular futures and E-Mini futures contracts).
A General Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties Needed for the Computer Analysis of Polymeric Structures Subjected to Changes in Temperature and Relative Humidity

This study examines the methods for determining the effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the dimensional and mechanical properties of artists' materials. Using both of these properties, typical cultural objects, such as paintings and photographs can be modeled on the computer to correlate the magnitude of developed stresses to environmental changes. Comparing these calculated stresses with the measured strength of the materials provides the opportunity to assess the potential risk from damage due to environmental change. Recognizing that the mechanical properties of polymeric materials are functions of the rate of the application of load, the time they are subjected to a load, the temperature and the relative humidity, it becomes a question of identifying those parameters that are the most important in determining the correct information needed for computer modeling.
Pituitary-adrenal function in adult androgenized female rats.

SummaryThe effect of neonatal exposure to androgen (1.25 mg testosterone propionate, sc) on pituitary-adrenal function was assessed by evaluating the 24 hr fluctuations in nonstress levels of serum and adrenal corticosterone and by determining the adrenocortical response to ether stress. At 3 hr intervals over a 24 hr period, blood samples for fluorometric determination of serum corticosterone concentration were obtained by rapid decapitation. Adrenals were removed, weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg and frozen for subsequent corticosterone determination. In a second study nonstress and stress blood samples were taken 4 hr after dexamethasone (Dex, 100 μg/kg) or saline injection. Blood samples for determinations of nonstress levels of corticosterone were obtained rapidly (<3 min) from the jugular vein; stress samples were obtained 15 min following onset of 3 min ether stress. In the first study a 24 hr periodicity, similar to that reported previously for intact females, was observed in both serum and adrenal c...
MEASURING VALUE CHANGE IN WESTERN INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETIES: THE IMPACT OF UNEMPLOYMENT

During the past two decades a four-item battery administered in biannual Euro-Barometer surveys has been used to measure changing value priorities in Western European countries. We provide evidence that the measure is seriously flawed. Pooled cross-sectional time series analyses for the 1976–86 period reveal that the Euro-Barometer postmaterialist-materialist value index and two of its components are very sensitive to short-term changes in economic conditions, and that the failure to include a statement about unemployment in the four-item values battery accounts for much of the apparent growth of postmaterialist values in several countries after 1980. The aggregate-level findings are buttressed by analyses of panel data from three countries.
Do Auditor-Provided Tax Services Improve the Estimate of Tax Reserves?*

CRISTI A. GLEASON, University of IowaLILLIAN F. MILLS, University of Texas at Austin1. IntroductionWe investigate whether auditor-provided tax services (ATS) improve the estimate of taxreserves. ATS could provide auditors with superior knowledge that would improve thequality of the audited ﬁnancial reports, or they could impair auditor independence.
Asymptotic Construction of a Reissner-like Composite Shell Model with Accurate Three-Dimensional Recovery

The focus of this paper is to develop an asymptotically correct theory for composite laminated shells that can be implemented in standard finite element programs. The analysis is restricted to the case when each lamina exhibits monoclinic material symmetry about its own mid-surface. The development starts with formulation of the three-dimensional, anisotropic elasticity problem in which the deformation of the reference surface is expressed in terms of intrinsic twodimensional variables. The Variational Asymptotic Method is then used to rigorously split this threedimensional problem into a linear one-dimensional normal-line analysis and a nonlinear two-dimensional “shell”analysis accounting for transverse shear deformation. The normal-line analysis is solved by onedimensional finite element method and provides a constitutive law between the generalized, two-dimensional strains and stress resultants as well as recovery relations to approximately express the three-dimensional displacements, strains and stresses fields in terms of shell variables calculated in the “shell”analysis. It is known that more than one theory that is correct to a given asymptotic order may exist. This nonuniqueness is used to cast a strain energy functional that is asymptotically correct through the second order into a simple “Reissner-like”shell theory. The initial curvatures of the shell structure affect the constitutive law and consequently the recovery relations. A first-order geometrical correction is obtained for the strain energy and the recovered three-dimensional field also includes modification by the initial curvatures. Although it is not in general possible to construct an asymptotically correct Reissner-like composite shell theory, an optimization procedure is used to drive the present theory
Biliary tract calculi and associated disease.

Extrabiliary calculi may occur in association with cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, or other diseases involving the biliary tree or pancreas. The indications for exploration of the common duct and the criteria for determining the optimum time for discontinuance of drainage are discussed. The complications, mortality rates and types of incision employed are presented. The value of direct or indirect cholangiography is shown.
SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN OF THE NEW MYSTIC PIER NO. 1, BOSTON

In order to provide adequate modern terminal facilities to handle the anticipated commerce requirements, the Port of Boston Authority, in 1947 prepared a master plan for the future development of the port. The second step of this plan was the reconstruction, on modern standards, of the old Mystic Pier No. 1. Planning for this work was started in 1949 and the new pier was opened to commerce in September 1952.
Calciphylaxis: a cause of necrotic ulcers in renal failure.

Antecedents: La calciphylaxie est un etat grave observe chez les patients souffrant d'insuffisance renale chronique traitee par dialyse. Elle est souvent diagnostiquee tardivement, quand elle ne passe pas inapercue. Par ailleurs, le traitement est souvent inefficace. Objectifs: Mettre en evidence les composantes cliniques et pathologiques de la calciphylaxie pour tenter d'accelerer le diagnostic et le debut du traitement. Resultats: Il est essentiel de reconnaitre rapidement les signes et symptomes cliniques de la calciphylaxie. Le diagnostic tissulaire exige de larges prelevements biopsiques elliptiques, puisque les donnees histologiques sont segmentaires et sont souvent manquees. Conclusion: Il est essentiel de diagnostiquer et de traiter rapidement la calciphylaxie. Il convient d'envisager la parathyroidectomie dans chaque cas.
CAN THE POOR BE TRAINED TO BE ENTREPRENEURS? THE CASE OF THE ACADEMY FOR CREATING ENTERPRISE IN MEXICO

Can training improve the entrepreneurial outcomes of those in poverty? Typical training modalities to teach entrepreneurship to the poor are generally one of three: 1) financial literacy training, 2) values training and 3) “rules of thumb” training. In this study we examine the Academy for Creating Enterprise’s (ACE) entrepreneurship training program in Mexico, which uses a variation of all three types of training. We compared those who received ACE training: residential, night-class and regional, with a control group to see if the training would improve ACE participants’ personal income, business employment, gross revenue and relative poverty status. Our study shows that, when compared to the control group, ACE training had a marginal positive impact on income, employment and revenues, and a substantial one on mobility from poverty. However, when making comparisons within the different types of training, the type of training program participants attended had little impact on these same outcomes. Thus, practitioners and researchers interested in training the poor to engage in entrepreneurial activities might explore low-cost, high volume options because there seem to be positive results with these programs when compared to more intensive programs that require more labor and higher costs.
Methods in behavioral pharmacology: measurement of aggression

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the methods in behavioral pharmacology for the measurement of aggression. Those investigating the pharmacology of aggression are faced with two major considerations in their choice of laboratory procedures. Paradigms in which aggression is elicited by some variety of experience clearly tap a variety of aggression modes or types. Four of these, competition/frustration, resident-intruder, colony and maternal aggression models, appear to reflect primarily an offensive aggression mode: isolation-induced aggression, while problematic in that it may reflect both subject selection factors and possible neurochemical alterations because of isolation, also appears to tap an offensive aggression mode. In contrast, pain-elicited aggression reflects defensive attack, plus some extraneous—possibly reflexive—movements when shock is employed. The chapter describes the most commonly employed laboratory techniques used to elicit aggression. In doing so, it considers not only the degree to which these techniques bring aggressive interactions under experimental control, but also the extent to which they evoke the full range of a species' agonistic behaviors. The latter consideration not only provides an essential yardstick by which techniques should be evaluated, but also facilitates identification of those most likely to reveal important animal–human parallels, perhaps reflecting homologous mechanisms.
Cultivating Hope Through Learning for the Common Good

ABSTRACTThis article examines how an orientation toward hope can guide institutions of higher education in achieving their ultimate purpose of providing education for the common good of society. In today's cultural context, colleges and universities must navigate a multitude of challenges and competing philosophies, many of which question the validity of their inherent value and purpose. As society continues to press questions of market relevance, sustainability, accessibility, quality, and the value of higher education, a basic question remains: How, amid all of these challenges, can today's postsecondary institutions contribute to the cultivation of a better society? In this regard, faith-based colleges and universities can offer guidance. By carrying out their distinctive mandate of infusing their educational mission with the holistic character formation of students, these institutions can promote the common good by coupling the Gospel message of personal hope in Jesus Christ with the call to cultural ...
Steganalysis of block-DCT image steganography

Block-DCT based information embedding methods introduce distinctive non-stationarities into the stego-image. In particular, the difference between neighboring pixel intensities in one block and across two blocks have different distributions. A universal binary hypothesis test is then proposed to discriminate between stego-images and unmarked images.
Multiplexing and Transmission Media

In this chapter the technique of multiplexing communications channels is described. This process involves the carrying, by one communication channel, of a number of smaller-capacity communication channels. The two principal methods of accomplishing this are frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM).
Quantifying the Relationship between Single-Molecule Probes and Subunit Rotation in the Ribosome

A major challenge in the study of biomolecular assemblies is to identify reaction coordinates that precisely monitor conformational rearrangements. This is central to the interpretation of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, where the observed dynamics depends on the labeling strategy. As an example, different probes of subunit rotation in the ribosome have provided qualitatively distinct descriptions. In one study, changes in fluorescence suggested that the 30S body undergoes a single rotation/back-rotation cycle during the process of mRNA-tRNA translocation. In contrast, an alternate assay implicated the presence of reversible rotation events before completing translocation. For future single-molecule experiments to unambiguously measure the relationship between subunit rotation and translocation, it is necessary to rationalize these conflicting descriptions. To this end, we have simulated hundreds of spontaneous subunit rotation events (≈8°) using a residue-level coarse-grained model of the ribosome. We analyzed nine different reaction coordinates and found that the apparently inconsistent measurements are likely a consequence of ribosomal flexibility. Further, we propose a metric for quantifying the degree of energetic coupling between experimentally measured degrees of freedom and subunit rotation. This analysis provides a physically grounded framework that can guide the development of more precise single-molecule techniques.
Determining risk factors that increase hospitalizations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

IntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease that is associated with significant mortality and an increased risk of hospitalization. Several validated instruments are available to measure disease activity in SLE patients. However, these instruments were not designed to screen for SLE patients at an increased risk of hospitalization. These instruments also fail to incorporate some data that are easily obtainable from electronic health records, such as the frequency of missed outpatient appointments.MethodsAll patients at a single academic medical center with an International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) code for SLE (M32) that were seen at least once between 2010 and 2017 were identified. Of these 3552 patients, 813 were randomly selected for chart review using a random number generator, and 226 were verified to have seen an outpatient rheumatologist and met the American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for SLE. Physician notes, laboratory values, and appointment...
Path Planning and Micromanipulation Using a Learned Model

This letter presents a system for manipulating microscale objects in an obstacle prone environment using push manipulations based on a learned model. The path planning is done using a RRT* search algorithm adapted for this setup and the manipulation is done using a regression model trained on manipulation data collected a priori . This model is used to capture the dynamics of the micropart and its interaction with the environment such as frictional contacts and other uncertainties that are difficult to model explicitly. The push manipulation is done using probes attached to micromanipulators capable of high-resolution movements. The setup is demonstrated through simulations using two manipulators and a LEGO inspired micropart as it is pushed through different trajectories. Experiments include performing push manipulations in the presence of obstacles, with single and multiple manipulators, and demonstrating the use of the system to perform a microassembly task. The major contribution is a working manipulation system for microparts that implicitly models difficult to model aspects like uncertainties in the environment, such as physical phenomena in the microscale like friction, and the contact interactions between microparts.
Motions in Jupiter’s Atmosphere

Recent contributions to the dynamics of Jupiter’s atmospheres were reviewed under the following headings: (a) general magnitude of winds and temperature fluctuations; (b) cloud bands and zonal velocity profile (including equatorial jet); (c) transient non-axisymmetric features (spots, and irregular markings); (d) the Great Red Spot.
Genetic Factors in Alcoholism

Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, as defined in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) is a common disorder when compared to the major psychoses. The lifetime prevalence in the United States of the former disorders, traditionally grouped under the rubric “alcoholism,” is estimated to lie between 5 and 15 percent for men and 1 and 5 percent for women (Cahalan, 1970). Work on genetic factors in alcoholism proceeded in Europe during the 1930s, but it was not until the 1950s that such research began in earnest in the United States, followed by many studies in the last two decades.
Some dichotomy results for central Gaussian convolution semigroups on compact groups

Consider a central Gaussian convolution semigroup (μ t ) t > 0 on a connected compact semisimple group. Then either the measure μ t is singular with respect to Haar measure for all t > 0, or there exists a time t such that μ t is absolutely continuous with respect to Haar measure and admits a continuous density.
When the Census Comes Marching In: Challenges and Successes in Linking Individual-Level Census Records to the Utah Population Database

IntroductionThe availability of historic, individual-level census records in the United States has grown in recent years. With access to identifiers, it is possible to link these records to existing databases. The performance of and strategy for these linking efforts is not well characterized. Objectives and ApproachThe Utah Population Database (UPDB), launched in 1975, is a population registry comprising comprehensive data from genealogies, medical/vital records, and numerous administrative and demographic records spanning the past two centuries. UPDB initially did not hold individual-level US Census records until now. UPDB has massive volumes of identifiers that we have cleaned and it therefore represents a “gold standard” representation of Utah’s population. The objective here is to describe the methods used and the record linking performance applied to census records that we have linked to the UPDB for persons appearing in the 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930 and 1940 censuses. ResultsWe collaborated with FamilyTree, Ancestry, and IPUMS (University of Minnesota) for keying and preparing data from the 1880-1940 censuses. We then linked these records to the UPDB using probabilistic record linking methods and manual review. Linking rates by census year varied by the quality of records and electronic data capture and by specific Census fields for a given census. Data quality was somewhat lower for the 1910 and 1940 censuses and hence they had lower linking rates (66.9% and 70.4, respectively). Household heads enjoyed higher linking rates (72% was the lowest, in 1940). We used household heads to help guide links to offspring and spouses whose linking rates exceeded 75% in general. Non-family members and single men linked at much lower rates (<50%). Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study found that linking census records to an existing population registry is feasible and with relative success. Using household/genealogy structure of the census is useful when linking to the genealogies in the UPDB. These links allow studies of effects of early life conditions on later life outcomes.
Quantitative Endoscopic Comparison of Contralateral Interhemispheric Transprecuneus and Supracerebellar Transtentorial Transcollateral Sulcus Approaches to the Atrium

Objective The contralateral interhemispheric transprecuneus approach (CITP) and the supracerebellar transtentorial transcollateral sulcus approach (STTC) are 2 novel approaches to access the atrium of the lateral ventricle. We quantitatively compared the 2 approaches. Methods Both approaches were performed in 6 sides of fixed and color-injected cadaver heads. We predefined the 6 targets in the atrium for measurement and standardization of the approaches. Using a navigation system, we quantitatively measured the working distance, cortical transgression, angle of attack, area of exposure, and surgical freedom. Results The distances from the craniotomy edge to the posterior pole of the choroid plexus of the CITP (mean ± standard deviation, 67 ± 5.3 mm) and STTC (mean, 57 ± 4.0 mm) differed significantly (P Conclusions Both approaches were feasible for accessing the atrium. The STTC provided a shorter working distance and wider mediolateral angle, CITP provided a wider rostrocaudal angle of attack and better exposure and maneuverability to the anterior and superior atrium. In contrast, the STTC was more favorable for the inferior and posterior regions.
‘They just had such a sweet way of speaking’: Constructed voices and prosodic styles in Kodiak Alutiiq

Abstract Research in sociocultural linguistics has increasingly focused on the interplay of prosodic style, interactional stance, and personahood. This analysis investigates the prosodic stylization of constructed dialogue in Kodiak Alutiiq, an endangered Aleut-Yupik-Inuit language. Conceptualizing prosodic styles as comprised of multiple variables, I analyze each speaker's average F0, F0 range, voice quality, speech rate, and intonation contour across excerpts of constructed dialogue and non-constructed dialogue speech. The results emphasize the importance of considering interactional stance in conjunction with personahood and of examining the interactions of prosodic variables. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the important role narrative has to play in language revitalization efforts.
Hybrid Approach: Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

The hybrid approach to closure of ventricular septal defects is applicable in a wide range of muscular ventricular septal defects. The key anatomical relationships to consider on the right ventricular aspect are the tricuspid valve, the moderator band, proximity to the free wall of the right ventricle and the pulmonary valve in the case of outlet defects. On the left side, obstruction of the aortic valve or left ventricular outflow tract may be an issue in outflow defects. The mitral valve is rarely a problem, but in cases where the mitral valve has abnormal attachments or where the anatomy is that of a repaired AVSD with a residual VSD, the left-sided valve structures can become relevant.
Patient-level adherence and interventions in an interdisciplinary DOAC clinic.

Abstract Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are high risk medications with short half-lives making adherence vitally important. Global measures for adherence have been described; however, there is a lack of patient-level data on adherence. Methods This prospective, single-center study in an interdisciplinary internal medicine clinic included patients referred by their primary care physician for DOAC therapy evaluation. Patients were interviewed by a clinical pharmacist who confirmed dose and indication. Adherence was evaluated by asking how it was taken, at what time(s) of the day, and how many doses of their DOAC were missed. Labs and concomitant drugs were evaluated and patients received medication counseling. If any issues arose, the pharmacist would work together with the physician to resolve them. Findings Of 116 visits from 72 patients, an intervention was needed in 79 visits (68·1%). The most common problem identified was related to adherence: non-adherence to timing of dosing (n = 30), non-adherence to frequency of dosing (n = 5), and non-adherence to administration with food when indicated (n = 11). Adherence issues were present in 11 (61·1%) visits in patients taking rivaroxaban and 31 (33·0%) visits in patients taking apixaban. Interpretation An interdisciplinary DOAC service provided interventions for the majority of patients referred for DOAC therapy evaluation. The most frequent problem was non-adherence, with more than a third of patients found to be non-adherent to the timing of their medication administration.
Abstract 537: Antibody drug conjugate to treat triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by rapid growth, metastasis, and high recurrence. The severe adverse effects and drug resistance associated with standard cytotoxic chemotherapies minimize their clinical benefits. The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) had been developed and tested to treat TNBC, but no significant efficiency was demonstrated in clinical trials. The goal of this study was to develop a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to treat TNBC. Specifically, we established a platform to conjugate anti EGFR mAb with mertansine, which inhibits cell division by blocking tubulin polymerization, and also improved the conjugation efficiency by optimizing the linker and drug-to-antibody ratio. Flow cytometry and live cell confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis confirmed that the anti-EGFR ADC can specifically bind to multiple TNBC subtypes, is effectively internalized, and release potent drug intracellularly within 1 hour after mixing. The IC50 study showed that the anti-EGFR ADC killed >90% TNBC cells with dose of 5 nM. The TNBC xenograft mouse model also showed that the constructed ADC had high anticancer efficacy and successfully inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, the live-animal imaging using In Vivo Imaging System and the tissue microarray samples with immunohistochemical analysis of TNBC and organs indicated that our ADC specifically target TNBC in vivo. Further evaluations, such as maximal tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and biodistribution, are needed. To summarize, we developed an EGFR-targeted ADC, which could provide an effective targeted therapy to treat TNBC and improve the life quality and survival rate of patients with TNBC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yingnan Si, Nghi Dang, Seulhee Kim, Lufang Zhou, Xiaosi Han, Runhua Liu, Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu. Antibody drug conjugate to treat triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 537.
Lack of association between abnormalities of the chromosome 9 short arm and either "lymphomatous" features or T cell phenotype in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia

In childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), abnormalities in the short (p) arm of chromosome 9, particularly those leading to the loss of material in the p21–p22 region, may be associated with bulky disease at diagnosis (so-called “lymphomatous” ALL) and a T cell immunophenotype. To assess these associations further, we reviewed the clinical and laboratory data for 100 consecutively evaluated children with ALL who had successful cytogenetic studies. From analysis of clinical and laboratory features, 8 of the 100 patients were classified as having lymphomatous ALL. Seven of the 100 patients had aberrations involving the 9p arm or were missing an entire chromosome 9. The prevalence rate of 9p abnormalities in cases of lymphomatous ALL was not significantly different from that in cases without lymphomatous features (1 of 8 v 6 of 92, P = .62). Moreover, all seven patients with 9p abnormalities had the common ALL phenotype. These data suggest that although 9p abnormalities in childhood ALL occur frequently, there is no consistent association with either the occurrence of lymphomatous clinical features or the presence of T cell disease.
A pleiotropic chemoreceptor facilitates the coupling of pheromonal signal perception and production

Optimal mating decisions depend on reliable and precise species-specific coupling of the production and perception of mating communication signals because any functional changes in either the signal or its perception should carry a fitness cost (Boake, 1991; Brooks et al., 2005; Hoy et al., 1977b; Shaw et al., 2011; Shaw and Lesnick, 2009; Steiger et al., 2010; Sweigart, 2010; Symonds and Elgar, 2008; Wyatt and Cambridge University Press, 2014). Previously published theoretical models predict that genetic linkage between sensory-driven mate choices and specific communication signals could provide a robust mechanism for maintaining robust and stable signal production and perception at the level of populations, while still retaining the capacity for future signal diversification (Hoy et al., 1977b; Shaw et al., 2011; Shaw and Lesnick, 2009; Wiley et al., 2011). Several experimental studies have provided empirical evidence that pleiotropy is one possible genetic solution for maintaining functional coupling between specific communication signals and the mate choice behaviors they elicit at the population level (Hoy et al., 1977b; Shaw et al., 2011; Shaw and Lesnick, 2009; Wiley et al., 2011). However, the complex characteristics of mating signals and behaviors present a major barrier for identifying the actual pleiotropic genes and molecular pathways that provide genetic linkages between the production and perception of mating signals (Chenoweth and Blows, 2006; Singh and Shaw, 2012). Here we show that in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, some pheromone-driven mating choices are coupled to the production of specific mating signals via pleiotropic chemoreceptors. Specifically, we demonstrate that Gr8a, a member of the gustatory receptor family, independently contributes to the perception of inhibitory mating signals in pheromone sensing neurons, as well as in regulating the production of inhibitory mating signals in oenocytes. Together, these data provide a relatively simple molecular explanation for how coupling of pheromone perception and production, two independent physiological processes, remains robust.
Characteristics of P-channel GaN MOSFET up to 300 °C

GaN-based semiconductor technology has been successfully developed as next-generation semiconductor technology. However, the p-channel GaN device transistors still exhibit lower performance than the N-channel GaN transistors due to the difficulty in p-type doping and the low hole mobility. Some studies are being conducted to improve the performance of P-channel GaN transistors. Most of the work in this area utilized a two-dimensional hole (2DHG) channel generated in a heterojunction such as AlGaN/GaN [1] or InGaN/GaN [2].
scGNN: scRNA-seq Dropout Imputation via Induced Hierarchical Cell Similarity Graph

Single-cell RNA sequencing provides tremendous insights to understand biological systems. However, the noise from dropout can corrupt the downstream biological analysis. Hence, it is desirable to impute the dropouts accurately. In this work, we propose a simple and powerful dropout imputation method (scGNN) by applying a bottlenecked Graph Convolutional Neural Network on an induced hierarchical cell similarity graph. We show scGNN has competitive performance against state-of-the-art baselines across three datasets and can improve downstream analysis.
Evidence-Based Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Youth

This chapter discusses the prevalence and incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in addition to issues of diagnosis, assessment, and evidence-based treatments. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is unique among psychological disorders in that it is precipitated by an external event. Specifically, exposure to potentially traumatic events, such as school shootings, terrorist attacks, motor vehicle accidents, devastating natural disasters, interpersonal violence, and life-threatening illnesses and injuries may lead to significant psychological distress and functional impairment, resulting in PTSD. The chapter authors review the key treatment approaches that have been identified as effective for youth based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. They also describe the underlying principles for evidence-based treatments. Well-established treatments include Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment which are presented in detail. Also covered are treatments including Prolonged Exposure and EMDR. Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated psychological treatments for PTSD in youth. Overall, these reviews support the efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatments, and especially that are trauma-focused, for treating PTSD or posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed youth.
Understanding the dynamic growth environment of silicon dioxide in atmospheric pressure plasma using multiphysics modeling

Abstract Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) is an emerging technology for surface modification and depositing plasma coating without a vacuum chamber in ambient atmosphere to improve corrosion protection and paint adhesion for aerospace and energy applications. Current APP-based platforms lack the ability to control the surface chemistry of the coating for diverse operating environments. Here, we describe a predictive multiphysics model of protective layer deposition using microwave-assisted APP system. We link this model to the detailed gas-phase and surface-plasma chemistry to predict and optimize the growth environment of the oxide film on the substrate. The proposed modeling approach systematically identifies, couples, and characterizes multiple chemical and physical phenomena under a modular framework. This multiphysics model quantitatively correlates the rate of growth of oxide film to the progression of surface chemical reactions during the deposition process, which is very challenging to determine using in situ experiments. The modeling approach also incorporates a modified organosilicon evaporation model to calculate evaporation rates of a precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). We have assessed the presented model based on the results obtained from experiments. The dependencies of the growth rate of the film on the processing parameters were investigated to understand the factors behind efficient APP deposition. The results show that growth rates strongly depend on gas temperatures over the surface, flow patterns, and torch-substrate distance, and depend less on the angle of attack. Finally, for large area applications, the movement of the torch and the impact on coating uniformity have been modeled using time-dependent multiphysics simulations.
The “Munich School” as a Corrective in World Christianity

Klaus Koschorke and others from the so-called Munich School have added an important corrective to the study of World Christianity. With an emphasis on “South to South” connections, an insistence on...
Potential impacts of climate change on wind and solar electricity generation in Texas

Wind and solar energy sources are climate and weather dependent, therefore susceptible to a changing climate. We quantify the impacts of climate change on wind and solar electricity generation under high concentrations of greenhouse gases in Texas. We employ mid-twenty-first century climate projections and a high-resolution numerical weather prediction model to generate weather variables in the future and produce wind and solar generation time series. We find that mid-twenty-first century projections based on five global climate models agree on the multiyear average increases across Texas in direct normal irradiance, global horizontal irradiance, surface air temperature, and 100-m wind speed of up to 5%, 4%, 10%, and 1%, respectively. These changes lead to multiyear average relative changes across Texas of − 0.6 to + 2.5% and of + 1.3 to + 3.5% in solar and wind capacity factors, respectively, with significant regional, seasonal, and diurnal differences. Areas with low solar resource show an increase in solar capacity factors but reductions in wind capacity factors. Areas with high solar resource show reductions in solar capacity factors. The spatial and temporal differences in our results highlight the importance of using high-resolution data sets to study the potential impacts of climate change on wind and solar power.