cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic studies of epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Abstract We performed cytogenetic studies of 36 human epithelial ovarian carcinomas using in situ culture and robotic harvest. We obtained analyzable metaphases of all 36 tumors (100%). One or more chromosomally abnormal clones were observed in 80% of tumors. Common clonal chromosome gains (each occurring in six or more cases) included +1, +2, +3, +6, +7, +9, and +12. Common clonal chromosome losses (occurring in 12 or more cases) included −X, −4, −8, −11, −13, −15, −17, and −22. Common clonal structural abnormalities (occurring in four or more cases) involved regions 1p36, 1q32, 1q42, 3p13→p26, 3q26→q29, 7p22, 9q34, 11p13–p15, 17q1→q23, 19p13.3, and 19q13.3. Trisomy 12 was noted as the sole anomaly in three of five borderline and grade 1 tumors. Two grade 2 tumors contained i(1q), −14, −15 and −22. The results suggest that the pathogenesis of borderline and low-grade tumors may differ from that of higher grade tumors. Two high-grade tumors had an apparent translocation between 17q21 and 19p13.3, two chromosome regions believed to be critical to ovarian carcinogenesis.
Principal Theory and Principle Theory: Ethical Governance from the Follower’s Perspective

Organizational governance has historically focused around the perspective of principals and managers and has traditionally pursued the goal of maximizing owner wealth. This paper suggests that organizational governance can profitably be viewed from the ethical perspective of organizational followers – employees of the organization to whom important ethical duties are also owed. We present two perspectives of organizational governance: Principal Theory that suggests that organizational owners and managers can often be ethically opportunistic and take advantage of employees who serve them and Principle Theory that focuses on guiding principles that are sometimes taken too far in organizations. In introducing these two new organizational governance perspectives, we offer insights into the value of rethinking ethical duties owed to organizational followers.
Inhibition by hydrocortisone of iododeoxyuridine incorporation into the DNA of cultured mammalian cells.

Abstract Hydrocortisone inhibited the incorporation of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU) into the DNA of Detroit 6 cells. This was observed after 1 hr exposure to 10−5 M concentrations of steroid before changes in protein content of cultures glucose utilization or cell morphology could be detected. These observations suggest that hydrocortisone initiates growth inhibition of Detroit 6 cells through a primary slowing of DNA synthesis.
Modeling the bidirectional reflectance of emissive displays

The reflection properties of a display device influence the available contrast and affect the perception of subtle detail. The display reflection characteristics of flat-panel displays (FPDs) are appropriately described by a six-dimensional bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). I describe a Monte Carlo method for modeling the bidirectional reflectance of multilayer emissive structures used in electronic display devices. I estimate the complete BRDF using a one-dimensional angular distribution function of the luminance. I apply the method to model typical high-performance cathode-ray tube and FPD structures. I find that, for the BRDF signatures of cathode-ray tubes characterized by a specular and a quasi-Lambertian components, the estimated values for the specular and diffuse reflection coefficients agree well with low-resolution experimental measurements conducted with a rotation arm and a collimated probe. I show that emissive FPDs with thin-film organic layers on reflective substrates can exhibit a predominant specular peak broadened by short-range light scattering.
Inactivation of interferon mRNA in the shutoff of human interferon synthesis.

INDUCTION of interferon synthesis in cultured cells by rIn.rCn has been intensely studied because of its attractiveness as a model for gene expression in mammalian cells and its possible significance to medicine. Exposure of human fibroblast FS-4 cells to rlu.rCn results in interferon (IF) synthesis which persists for 6 h and then abruptly shuts off1,2. The rapidity of this shutoff indicates that the cessation of IF mRNA transcription is unlikely to be the primary control. Moreover, studies with metabolic inhibitors3–7 have suggested that a post-transcriptional event is involved. To evaluate the role of post-transcriptional control in the shut-off of IF production, we measured directly the level of IF mRNA activity in a strain of human fibroblast HF 926 cells during the IF induction process. This was achieved by the development of a highly efficient and reproducible heterologous whole cell transnational system. We report here that, using this system, we have found a significant decrease in the IF mRNA activity during the shutoff of IF protein synthesis.
Cellularity in polyhedra

Abstract A compact subset X of a polyhedron P is cellular in P if there is a pseudoisotropy of P shrinking precisely X to a point. A proper surjection between polyhedra f:P→Q is cellular if each point inverse of f is cellular in P. It is shown that if f:P→Q is a cellular map and either P or Q is a generalized n-manifold, n≠4, then f is approximable by homeomorphisms. Also, if P or Q is an n-manifold with boundary, n≠4, 5, then a cellular map f:P→Q is approximable by homeomorphisms. A cellularity criterion for a special class of cell-like sets in polyhedra is established.
Ohio River Valley Winter Moisture Conditions Associated with the Pacific–North American Teleconnection Pattern

Abstract The relationship between the Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern and Ohio River Valley (ORV) winter precipitation and hydrology is described. The PNA is significantly linked to moisture variability in an area extending from southeastern Missouri, northeastward over states adjacent to the Ohio River through Ohio. Maximum correlation between the PNA index and station precipitation peaks in southern Indiana at r = −0.71, making the circulation/climate teleconnection one of the strongest in the Northern Hemisphere. The North Pacific index (NPI), a Pacific basin sea level pressure index that is highly correlated to the PNA, confirms a strong circulation–ORV precipitation relationship extending back to 1899. In contrast, measures such as the Tahiti–Darwin Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and Nino-3.4 (5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) sea temperatures are not significantly correlated to ORV winter precipitation. Wettest (driest) winters occur with zonal (meridional) flow with the PNA negative (posit...
Cancer and cell wall deficient bacteria

Since the 1920's, a small number of researchers have been quite regularly isolating highly pleomorphic bacteria from the blood and tumors of humans and animals with cancer. These bacteria show characteristics of cell wall deficient bacteria, and can apparently be observed regularly in the blood of cancer patients by darkfield microscopy. Cancer appears to be induced by injecting these bacteria into experimental animals, and some forms of cancer can be prevented by prevaccination with killed bacteria, isolated from experimental animals affected with the specific cancer. The bacteria regularly produce a protein ressembling chorionic gonadotropin hormone, a substance which appears to protect trophoblastic and cancer cells from immune recognition. There is some evidence that a plasmid may be responsible for this property, and even that these bacteria may in some manner be intimately associated with retroviruses. Further studies are proposed to clarify the role these bacteria play in cancer.
Progress and prospects: gene therapy for genetic diseases with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors

Preclinical studies in small and large animal models using helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) have generated promising results for the treatment of genetic diseases. However, clinical translation is complicated by the dose-dependent, capsid-mediated acute toxic response following systemic vector injection. With the advancements in vectorology, a better understanding of vector-mediated toxicity, and improved delivery methods, HDAds may emerge as an important vector for gene therapy of genetic diseases and this report highlights recent progress and prospects in this field.
Neurofibromatosis: relinquishing the masks; a quest for quality of life

Neurofibromatosis (NF) or von Recklinghausen's disease is mankind's most common neurologic genetic disorder, occurring in one of every 3000 live births. While many individuals with NF suffer disfiguring, disabling, or life-threatening complications, NF is extremely variable in its symptoms, intensity, and progression. For many of its victims, NF is a pseudonym for uncertainty and physical and psychosocial havoc. John Merrick, 'The Elephant Man', endured one of the most severe cases of NF ever recorded. Merrick's rejection by post-Dickensian England forced him to become a sideshow circus attraction just to survive. The essence of nursing intervention with NF patients and their families engaged in the quest for quality of life is to restore them to optimal physical and psychosocial functioning, and, ideally, to help them utilize the experience for growth. Many individuals respond to the frustration of NF and society's reactions to the disorder by the wearing of psychological masks. Likewise, nurses may wear emotional masks as a defence against their own discomfort and fears concerning the disorders. Comprehensive nursing management of NF is realized only as nurses and patients relinquish their respective masks. This article examines the nurse's role in genetic disorders with special considerations presented by NF. Adaptation to NF involves coping with NF and its accompanying sequelae and coping with life as it is affected by NF. The concepts of 'chromosomal coping', 'genetophobia', 'genetic guilt, and 'genetic overload syndrome' are presented and analyzed utilizing the theoretical nursing frameworks of Imogene King and Sister Callista Roy.
Observations on bronchopulmonary dysplasia

tension was related to the fetus's relative tolerance for hypoxia and the estimated and known levels of partial pressure of oxygen in the peripheral arterial blood of the fetus prior to delivery. The subsequent use of continuous positive airway pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, and continuous negative pressure on the chest wall served to increase lung volume at end expiration, reduced the lung's tendency to collapse when the surface active material was deficient, and improved the efficiency of utilization of the supplemental oxygen concentrations. As a result of these efforts, there appears to have been a decrease in the duration of exposure of infants with severe hyaline membrane disease to 80 to 100% oxygen?
Self direction & constructivism in programming education

This paper explores the relationship between new constructivist apprenticeship techniques meant to improve programming pedagogy [6][7] and student self-direction. To this end, we used the lens of the Personal Responsibility Orientation [2] to measure the impact on student self-efficacy and self direction of our interventions. These learning activities were introduced based on peer learning and authentic student feedback principles. They consisted of peer learning weekly forums and student-led ""live coding"" hands-on exercises. These were applied to both an introductory (cop2510 [14]) and intermediate (cop3515 [5]) programming courses. Results derived from an online anonymous survey are presented and interpreted.
Do Instructional Practices Contribute to Inequality in Achievement? The Case of Mathematics Instruction in Kindergarten

We use multilevel modeling of ECLS-K data (a nationally representative sample of American kindergarteners) to describe the process and content of kindergarten mathematics instruction, as well as th...
Klinefelter's syndrome and juvenile chronic arthritis

Klinefelter’s syndrome (KS) is the most common disorder of sexual differentiation in males and the most common disorder of sex chromosomes in humans. In KS, primary male hypogonadism is caused by developmental testicular defects due to the presence of two or more X-chromosomes. The classic karyotype for KS is 47XXY, but the mosaic form, 46XY/47XXY occurs in about 10% of cases. Other extreme variants such as 48XXYY, 48XXXY, and 49XXXXY also exist. It is estimated that the frequency of KS is about 1/500 at conception and 1/1000 at birth due to in utero fetal loss. First described in full by Dr. Harry Klinefelter in 1942 [1], the full syndrome begins to manifest in adolescence and its characteristics include gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, azoospermia and sparse facial and body hair. Increased leg length and armspan are also typical of the syndrome. The phenotypic expression is variable, however, and some individuals are not diagnosed until adulthood. Decreased secretion of androgens, an increased estradiol/testosterone ratio (a relative increase in estrogen effect) and elevated gonadotropin levels are noted in KS. The patients evaluated and described by Dr. Klinefelter demonstrated normal to moderately reduced function of the Leydig cells, increased excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone, and reduced excretion of 17-ketosteroids. As a result of the hormonal abnormalities, clinical findings of hypogonadism, azoospermia, and gynecomastia are noted. Small testes, measuring less than 2–3 cm are the most consistent physical finding. Additional physical features are small phallus and decreased upper to lower body ratio [2]. Laboratory evaluation generally demonstrates elevated FSH and LH and a decreased testosterone levels. KS patients generally need to be started on testosterone replacement therapy at about 12 years of age, with increasing dosages over time that simulate age-appropriate concentrations. Klinefelter’s syndrome has been noted to have an association with several autoimmune diseases including, but not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune diseases of the thyroid, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). It has been speculated that some of these diseases, which normally show a female predominance, are seen concomitant with KS due to a relative excess of estrogens and lack of androgens in these patients. An association between KS and SLE is well described [3]. It has been suggested that the peripheral venous and arterial vascular abnormalities seen in KS (such as commonly seen leg ulcers) may be related to immune mechanisms involving anticardiolipin antibodies in KS patients [3]. Many reports of KS in association with autoimmune disease reflect a continuing interest in the complex relationship between sex hormones and autoimmune processes. Complicating this question, however, is the ‘‘Take home message’’: Pediatric patients with Klinefelter’s syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by primary male hypogonadism, should be considered at potential risk for the development of autoimmune diseases, including juvenile chronic arthritis.
Geometrical modification of wavelet SVM kernels and its application in microarray analysis

The selection and design of appropriate kernel functions play a key role in effective support vector machine (SVM) leaning. A general strategy is to customize the existent kernel functions to fit into the data property and structure. Wavelet kernels have been developed to approximate arbitrary nonlinear functions for signal processing. In this paper, we propose novel wavelet kernels based on the Riemannian geometrical structure theory, by constructing a hyperplane with better spatial resolution. This wavelet kernel SVM approach was applied to the yeast time course microarray dataset and outperformed the traditional Gaussian kernel and polynomial kernel.
Scintillation light transport and detection

The MORSE neutron gamma-ray transport code has been modified to allow for the transport of scintillation light. This modified code is used to analyze the light collection characteristics of a large liquid scintillator module (18 x 18 x 350 cm/sup 3/).
SU‐FF‐J‐172: Deformable Fusion and Atlas Based Autosegmentation: MimVista Vs. CMS Focal ABAS

Purpose: To compare two commercial atlas based auto segmentation (ABAS) contouring algorithms designed to expedite delineation of target volumes and organs at risk (OAR). Metrics include time to generate contours, and accuracy with respect to physicians' manual delineation volumes. Method and Materials: CMS FocalAbas and MimVista Atlas Segmentation were compared. Ten IMRT head and neck CT scans with physician‐drawn volumes were randomly selected. The scans were sent to MimVista where the CT scan was matched using deformable atlas segmentation to one of 57 atlas patients. The identified atlas patient was then transferred to the FocalAbas Atlas database. This allowed each system to run its auto segmentation process on the same blank CT scan with the identical atlas patient making differences solely a function of the software or hardware. Results: Four OARs were compared to physician volumes using the Dice index. The range of the index for cord was FocalAbas 0.23–0.50 and MimVista 0.26–0.66; for brainstem, FocalAbas 0.11–0.68 and MimVista 0.13–0.73; for right parotid, FocalAbas 0.14–0.70 and MimVista 0.18–0.60 and for left parotid, FocalAbas 0.09–0.77 and MimVista 0.29–0.60. The mean index of all volumes was FocalAbas 0.44±0.17 and MimVista 0.48±0.15, the two‐tailed P‐value=0.0443, which is statistically significant. Inter‐physician volume indexes have been documented at 0.7. The mean time to execute the ABAS was 00:11:11 on FocalAbas (HPXW8400 Workstation+Intel Xeon5160, 3.0GHz, 6.0G Ram) and 00:05:49 on MimVista (HPXW6400 Workstation+Intel Xeon 5150, 2.66GHz, 2G Ram). Conclusion: This study revealed that neither ABAS of OARs out‐performed the other. Although there is the need for improvement of the algorithms to attain a higher coefficient of agreement to physicians' delineations, these tools have been proven to generate a good first draft of clinical volumes and thusly reduce physician contouring time by sixty percent.
Therapy of autoimmune bullous diseases

Autoimmune bullous diseases result from an immune response to molecular components of the desmosome or basement membrane. Bullous diseases are associated with a high degree of morbidity and occasional mortality. Therapy of bullous diseases consists of suppressing the immune system, controlling inflammation and improving healing of erosions. The therapeutic agents used in the treatment of bullous diseases may be associated with high morbidity and occasional mortality. Successful treatment requires understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease process and the pharmacology of the drugs being used.
Interpretation of CAD models through neutral geometric knowledge

A generalized approach to fast interpretation of objects and their features has so far eluded researchers. In manufacturing, this interpretation can be approached from the vision point of view or from the CAD data perspective. Presently, CAD systems are widely used in several aspects of manufacturing production. It is therefore more efficient to use CAD data for object reasoning in manufacturing, especially when systems will eventually be data driven. Components can be modelled on a CAD system using various modelling techniques and the representation of their geometric information is still CAD system dependent. However, the advent of the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) now makes it possible to represent CAD data in a neutral and standard manner. This paper describes a scheme for recognizing and representing features for CAD data extracted using the IGES interface. The concepts developed are based on graph-based feature representation, where features are represented by a set of faces as well as their topological adjacency. Strategies for classifying features and methods of decomposing a complicated feature into several simpler features for recognition purposes are discussed.
Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis

While studying knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we unexpectedly found a protective association between smoking and OA. After adjustment for age, sex, and weight, smokers had a significantly lower rate of OA than did nonsmokers, and heavier smokers were less likely to have the disease than were light smokers. To test this association in a separate study and see if it was due to confounding factors, we looked at the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study, a study of elderly members of the Framingham Heart Study cohort. We evaluated whether the presence of knee OA in 1983-1985 was related to smoking status at the first Framingham examination, 36 years earlier. Subjects who had been smokers at examination 1 had a lower rate of OA (190 of 679, 28%) than did nonsmokers (276 of 736, 37.5%). In an analysis adjusted for age, sex, and weight, heavy smokers had a modestly lower risk of developing knee OA than did nonsmokers (relative risk 0.81). Also, the adjusted risk of severe OA was less in heavy smokers than in nonsmokers (relative risk 0.73). The negative association with OA persisted when we examined the average cigarette consumption over the first 10 years of the Framingham study. Furthermore, after controlling for age, sex, weight, knee injury history, sports activity history, physical activity level, coffee and alcohol consumption, and weight change after examination 1, and after modeling weight and age in a nonlinear manner, smoking remained a significant protector against later knee OA. It appears that smoking or some unidentified factor correlated with smoking modestly protects against the development of knee OA.
Strategies for the radiologic management of genitourinary trauma

The imaging evaluation of the patient with genitourinary injuries must be tailored to provide accurate and clinically relevant data that can be used to make treatment decisions. This radiologic evaluation should consider the patient’s hemodynamic status, the mechanism of injury, and the possible associated injuries.
Induction of prolyl hydroxylase activity in a nonadherent population of human leukocytes

Summary A nonadherent population of human monocytes has been shown to express the collagen hydroxylating enzyme prolyl hydroxylase in vitro . Enzyme levels present in freshly isolated nonadherent cells were induced 300% during the first 72 hours of culturing, which could be suppressed by cycloheximide. Maximum induction required both a feeder layer of adherent leukocytes, and 10–15% autologous plasma. Biosynthesis of Clq, a protein which also is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase, by the nonadherent cells was significantly less than the adherent monocytes. Therefore, this collagen biosynthetic marker enzyme was not associated with Clq synthesis, which suggests that the enzyme is present for collagen biosynthesis.
The Effect of 5,5'-diphenylhydantoin on the Metabolism of 17β-estradiol by Rat Oral Mucosa

Systemic pretreatment of rats with 5,5'-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) or its addition into an in vitro assay increases microsomal hydroxylation of 17β-estradiol. This increase depends on the concentration of DPH in the microsomal cell compartment.
Synthesis and properties of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid

This article describes the synthesis and the properties of polyesters and copolyesters prepared from ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, 4,4′ biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BDA), and 2,6-naphthlenedicarboxylic acid (NDA). The effect of incorporating varying levels of BDA and NDA on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is described. Depending on the concentration, incorporation of BDA into PET leads to an improvement in glass transition temperature (Tg), strength, modulus, and barrier properties. Copolymers of PET containing up to about 50% BDA derived units are clear and have Tg's ranging from 85 to 105°C, making them suitable for applications where a high Tg along with clarity is important. Copolymers with higher BDA concentration are highly crystalline, with high rates of crystallization from the melt. Copolymerization of NDA with oligoethyleneterephthalate leads to copolymers that are generally amorphous. Crystallinity can be developed in copolymers with low concentration of NDA by thermal annealing. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3139–3146, 1999
Increase in red cell size following splenectomy in rats with chronic hemolytic anemia.

SummaryRats with chronic PHH hemolysis developed severe anemia and marked increase in red cell size following splenectomy. The macrocytosis could not be explained by decreased destruction of macrocytes in splenectomized animals. The increased red cell size following splenectomy is believed to result from curtailment of the capability for compensatory expansion of erythropoiesis with a resulting increased stimulus per unit volume of remaining erythropoietic tissue. The macrocytosis sometimes seen in human myelofibrosis may be similarly explained.
TRAF6 inhibits proangiogenic signals in endothelial cells and regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.

TNF-family molecules induce the expression Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells (EC) and elicit signaling responses that result in angiogenesis. However, the role of TNF-receptor associated factors (TRAFs) as upstream regulators of VEGF expression or as mediators of angiogenesis is not known. In this study, HUVEC were cotransfected with a full-length VEGF promoter-luciferase construct and siRNAs to either TRAF 1–6, and promoter activity was measured. Paradoxically, rather than inhibiting VEGF expression, we found that knockdown of TRAF6 resulted in a 4–6 fold increase in basal VEGF promoter activity compared to control siRNA-transfected EC (P<0.0001). In addition, knockdown of TRAF 1, -2, -3 or -5 resulted in a slight increase or no change in VEGF promoter activation. Using [3H]thymidine incorporation assays as well as the in vitro wound healing assay, we also found that basal rates of EC proliferation and migration were increased following TRAF6 knockdown; and this response was inhibited by the addition of a blocking anti-VEGF antibody into cell cultures. Using a limited protein array to gain insight into TRAF6-dependent intermediary signaling responses, we observed that TRAF6 knockdown resulted in an increase in the activity of Src family kinases. In addition, we found that treatment with AZD-0530, a pharmacological Src inhibitor, reduced the regulatory effect of TRAF6 knockdown on VEGF promoter activity. Collectively, these findings define a novel pro-angiogenic signaling response in EC that is regulated by TRAF6.
Bhabha first-order wave equations: I. C, P, and T

We discuss properties of Bhabha first-order wave equations for arbitrary spin, of which the Dirac and Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) equations are special examples. The $C$, $P$, and $T$ transformation matrices for the Dirac field are reviewed in various representations, and the $C$, $P$, and $T$ transformation matrices for the DKP and general Bhabha cases are then derived. The Bhabha transformation matrices are polynomials of order $2\mathcal{S}$ in the algebra matrices, where $\mathcal{S}$ is the maximum spin of a particular Bhabha algebra. For the cases $\mathcal{S}=1 \mathrm{and} \frac{1}{2}$ they reduce to the DKP and Dirac transformation matrices. We also discuss $C$, $P$, and $T$ for the Sakata-Taketani (ST) reduction of the DKP equation, and explicitly exhibit the "subsidiary component" ST Hamiltonian equation, as well as the known "particle component" ST equation. Throughout we emphasize that physical insight which can be gained from the use of the first-order Bhabha formalism, including a possible connection between meson nonconservation and $\mathrm{CP}$ violation.
Fuzzy Speed Regulation of A Wind-Turbine DC Generator

ABSTRACTA blade-pitch angle control technique based on fuzzy-logic formulation is presented in this article. The technique takes advantage of fuzzy-linguistic modeling in expressing the natural non-linearity or imprecision of the wind-turbine system model in designing the pitch control for speed/power regulation. Performance of the pitch control design method is demonstrated on a simulated autonomous DC generating unit connected to a variable load.
The bifurcating neuron network 2: an analog associative memory

The Bifurcating Neuron (BN), a chaotic integrate-and-fire neuron, is a model of a neuron augmented by coherent modulation from its environment. The BN is mathematically equivalent to the sine-circle map, and this equivalence relationship allowed us to apply the mathematics of one-dimensional maps to the design of a BN network. The study of the bifurcating diagram of the BN revealed that the BN, under a suitable condition, can function as an amplitude-to-phase converter. Also, being an integrate-aud-fire neuron, it has an inherent capability to function as a coincidence detector. These two observations led us to the design of the BN Network 2 (BNN-2), a pulse-coupled neural network that exhibits associative memory of multiple analog patterns. In addition to the usual dynamical properties as an associative memory, the BNN-2 was shown to exhibit volume-holographic memory: it switches to different pages of its memory space as the frequency of the coherent modulation changes, meaning context-sensitive memory.
Formation of ε-Formyllysine on Silver-stained Proteins Implications for Assignment of Isobaric Dimethylation Sites by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Considerable effort is focused presently on the detection and comprehensive assignment of post-translational modifications of proteins. Obviously attention must be paid to the possibility of chemical modifications that may occur to protein samples during sample handling and manipulation prior to analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. This is of particular concern when a modification is isobaric with the mass differential in common with a known post-translational analog. Here we provide evidence that silver staining protocols that use formaldehyde can result in e-formylation of lysine residues. This modification is in fact isobaric with the important product of methyltransferases, e,e-dimethyllysine. Without exercising proper caution the analysis of silver-stained protein samples by mass spectrometry looking for dimethylation of lysine will yield a significant number of misassigned sites of modification. High accuracy measurements of the mass of the precursor ions and their fragments are required to eliminate this uncertainty. The occurrence of dimethylation of the e-amino function of lysine residues has been reported often in histones. For histone samples excised from silver-stained gels, we found that most sites initially assigned to be dimethylated by automatic search engines under standard search parameters (100 ppm error tolerance) are actually in fact formylated. Caution must be exercised when data obtained from instruments unable to perform high accuracy mass measurements (better than 5 ppm) are to be interpreted.
Diagnosis for scan-based BIST: reaching deep into the signatures

For partitioning-based diagnosis in a scan-based BIST environment, an exact analysis scheme, capable of identifying all scan cells that receive incorrect data, is proposed. In contrast to previously suggested approaches, the scheme we propose identifies all failing scan cells with no ambiguity whatsoever. Not only do we resolve failing scan cells unambiguously, but we do so at the earliest possible instance through reexamination of already computed signatures. Intensive utilization of this highly precise diagnostic state information leads to prognostic information regarding the usefulness of running upcoming tests which in turn leads to reductions in diagnosis time in excess of 30% compared to previous approaches.
Progressive 3D reconstruction of infrastructure with videogrammetry

A number of methods are commonly used today to collect infrastructure's spatial data (time-of-flight, visual triangulation, etc.). However, current practice lacks a solution that is accurate, automatic, and cost-efficient at the same time. This paper presents a videogrammetric framework for acquiring spatial data of infrastructure which holds the promise to address this limitation. It uses a calibrated set of low-cost high resolution video cameras that is progressively traversed around the scene and aims to produce a dense 3D point cloud which is updated in each frame. It allows for progressive reconstruction as opposed to point-and-shoot followed by point cloud stitching. The feasibility of the framework is studied in this paper. Required steps through this process are presented and the unique challenges of each step are identified. Results specific to each step are also presented.
Inguinal and scrotal disorders.

Inguinal and scrotal pathology compose a large percentage of a general pediatric surgeon’s practice. This article reviews these conditions and their associated pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Current controversy in management is highlighted. For brevity, an in-depth knowledge of embryology and pathophysiology is assumed and is beyond the scope of this monograph. Inguinal hernia and hydrocele Congenital inguinal hernia and hydrocele in children are a result of the failure of the processus vaginalis to obliterate. The end result is the same, with the provision for the extra-abdominal passage of peritoneal fluid (resulting in a hydrocele) or a viscus (resulting in a hernia). The processus vaginalis may obliterate at any point between the internal inguinal ring and the scrotum, or it may do so incompletely. These variations account for the diverse classification of hernias and hydroceles, including complete or scrotal hernias, communicating or noncommunicating hydroceles, hydroceles of the spermatic cord in males, and the canal of Nuck in girls. Although the exact process is unclear, it is generally agreed that obliteration of the processus vaginalis occurs only after the seventh month of gestation [1], thus accounting for the higher incidence of inguinal hernias in the premature infant [2]. Also not clearly defined is a known heredity factor, with hernias occurring more frequently in twin gestations and in infants who have a family history of hernia [3]. The incidence of congenital inguinal hernia has been variously reported to be between 0.8% and 4% of live births [4]. Boys are 10 to 12 times more affected than girls. The risk of incarceration has been reported to be as high as 60% in the first 6 months of life, leading to the generally accepted recommendation for surgical repair of hernia at the earliest elective date
Heat, Moisture, and Momentum Budgets of Isolated Deep Midlatitude and Tropical Convective Clouds as Diagnosed from Three-Dimensional Model Output. Part I: Control Experiments

Abstract This project uses a three-dimensional anelastic cloud model with a simple ice phase parameterization to evaluate the feedback between isolated deep convective clouds and their near surroundings. The horizontal Reynolds averaging approach of Anthes is adopted to diagnose the vertical profiles of the individual budget terms for heat, moisture, and horizontal momentum, as well as the resultant effects of each budget as defined by apparent sources or sinks. The averaging area, 33.75 km on a side, is comparable to one grid cell for typical mesoscale numerical weather prediction models. Two comparative simulations are run, one for a severe Oklahoma thunderstorm in strong vertical wind shear and the other for a tropical Atlantic cumulonimbus in much weaker shear. The midlatitude cloud evolves to a vigorous quasi-steady mature stage with several supercell characteristics including an erect large-diameter updraft, a strong and vertically extensive mesolow, and a well-developed highly asymmetric cold pool ...
Metal-enhanced intrinsic fluorescence of nucleic acids using platinum nanostructured substrates

Abstract We investigated the feasibility of using platinum nanostructures to accomplish the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) in the UV spectral region. We examine the possibility for detection of the intrinsic fluorescence from nucleotides and G-quadruplex DNA on platinum nanoparticles. Guanosine monophosphate (GMP) showed significant increases (∼20-fold) in fluorescence intensities in the presence of platinum nanostructures when compared to quartz controls. G-quadruplex DNA demonstrated ∼5-fold increase in fluorescence intensity and higher photostability in the presence of Pt nanostructures. We performed Finite Element Method simulations to explore how Pt nanoparticles interact with plane waves and conformed that the Pt nanostructures are promising for enhancing the fluorescence emission in the UV region.
Gene therapy: a genetic era of technological development to treat pediatric genetic disorders.

Nurses need to be abreast of genetic technological developments and complications because the fate of future treatments for pediatric disorders will rely within the genes. RECOGNITION THAT CERTAIN pediatric hereditary disorders are based upon definite genes and defects in specific proteins led the initial evolution of the concept of gene therapy, which began 50 years ago with the discovery of the double-helix DNA (Nienhuis, 2008). For two decades, the active pursuit of gene therapy for inherited single-gene defects such as cystic fibrosis (CF), phenylketonuria (PKU), Duchene muscular dystrophies (DMD), hemophilia IX, severe combined immunodeficiency disorders (SCID-X1 and ADA-SCID), and orthine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC) have been sought after because of absence of curative treatments available. Moreover, success stories have been reported with the use of gene therapy in most of these disorders when contemporary treatment failed (Porteus, Connelly, & Pruett, 2006). SCID -X-linked mutation (bubble boy disease) was the first successful treatment using gene therapy reported by a French team in May 2000 (Simon, 2002). This article will review the technology of gene therapy, complications, and clinical relevance in the pediatric realm.
Bringing Payment Technology to the Unbanked

Many companies have brought new Internet payment systems to market, and many have failed. Innovative technology is important, but obviously not sufficient. Technology must match consumer interests and the changing legal environment.
Perspective: How Do We Measure Quality?

We should not delude ourselves: The science of comparative quality measurement still poses many problems.
Boundary-layer structure in a shock-generated plasma flow: Part 1. Analysis for equilibrium ionization

The structures of some laminar boundary layers in high-density, shock heated, 1 eV argon plasma flows have been investigated theoretically. The analysis is based upon a three-fluid continuum formulation. Boundary-layer equations have been solved numerically on a digital computer by a finite difference technique for the case of thermochemical equilibrium and no radiation and applied electromagnetic fields. The induced electric field has been considered and shown to be important. It strongly couples the diffusive motions of the electron and ion fluids, thus forming ambipolar motion except in a sheath region adjacent to the wall. Argon transport properties, calculated from simple kinetic theory, have been used in the analysis. Important parameters, such as the Prandtl number and the density-viscosity product have been found to vary one or two orders of magnitude in the argon plasma boundary layer, a finding in sharp contrast with results for classical, non-ionized boundary layers. Solutions have been developed for the simple Rayleigh's boundary layer (forming over an infinite flat plate with an impulsively started motion in its own plane) and for the shock-tube side-wall boundary layer (forming behind a plane, ionizing shock wave moving over an infinite, plane wall). Even in terms of appropriate similarity parameters, solutions (for e.g. velocity and temperature profiles) exhibit strong dependence upon free- stream conditions. Assumptions of chemical and temperature equilibria have been checked from the equilibrium solution. Results indicate equilibrium ionization would not be present in typical argon boundary layers, e.g. at temperatures below 9000 °K, at a pressure of 1 atm. Similarly, due to ineffective energy transfer rates between the electron and the heavy-particle fluids and the difference in electron and ion–atom thermal conductivities, the electron temperature would deviate from the heavy-particle temperature in the same temperature region. The electron temperature has been calculated in a linearized model and found to be larger than the ion–atom temperature.
Negative Interspecies Interactions in a Glaucous-Winged Gull Colony on Protection Island, Washington

Abstract Protection Island, Washington, is one of the most important nesting sites for Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) in the Puget Sound area. Changes in the numbers and distribution of nests in a Glaucous-winged Gull colony on Violet Point, Protection Island, were tracked from 1980 to 2010. The colony grew steadily until the early 1990s, then declined to about half its former level. The main nesting sites also shifted from the relatively vegetated central and eastern portions of the point to the sparsely vegetated land near the marina, which had previously been almost completely unused for nesting. This shift was correlated with steady expansion of tall grasses on the central and eastern point. The expansion of the tall grass appears to be displacing the gulls, which is an unusual situation. Further, in the early years of this study the edges of the tall grass areas were prime nesting habitats, but these locations were mostly avoided by 2010. We suggest that predation by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetu...
REM sleep pathways and anticholinesterase intoxication: A mechanism for nerve agent-induced, central respiratory failure

The mechanism of death following exposure to anticholinesterases, such as the highly toxic nerve agents soman and VX, and other organophosphate anticholinesterases such as the insecticide parathion, remains unclear, although evidence from nerve agent research suggests that death occurs by an atropine blockable respiratory failure mediated through mechanisms involving the central nervous system. It is proposed that REM sleep pathways, which can be triggered by acetylcholine accumulation in the pontomedullar reticular field, mediate respiratory failure through the inhibition of respiratory muscles. Cholinergic activation of REM sleep activities may also account for other physiological and behavioural effects that follow exposure to nerve agents. These include forebrain activation, which is associated with EEG desynchronization and seizures, locomotor depression with concomitant loss of righting reflex, and limb jerks and extensions. Pharmacologic evidence for atropine and clonidine protection against soman intoxication effects is entirely consistent with a scenario of cholinergic receptor activation in the pontomedullar reticular field.
Psychosocial Adjustment and Substance Use of Cambodian and Vietnamese Immigrant Youth

Southeast Asians living in the United States are a unique Asian immigrant population. They are considered one of the “newer” Asian immigrant groups, tend to be less affluent compared with their East and South Asian counterparts, and are steadily growing in number. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted specifically about Southeast Asian immigrants. The lack of studies, coupled with the community’s growing mental health issues, suggests the need for increased research on this population. This study contributes to the literature by examining the extent to which identification with Vietnamese or Cambodian culture, peer relationships, and coping behaviors affect substance use among Cambodian and Vietnamese immigrant youth. A sample of 102 participants, age 12 to 18 years, completed self-report measures regarding these variables. Results indicate that identification with one’s culture of origin and coping behaviors moderate the relationship between deviant peer association and substance use. Results ar...
The utility of various sensory nerve conduction responses in assessing brachial plexopathies

To determine which sensory nerve conduction studies (S-NCS) are helpful in detecting supraclavicular axon loss brachial plexopathies, we selected 53 cases (of 417 reviewed) in whom complicating factors were absent and which, by needle electrode examination findings, involved only a single "truncal" element (upper, middle, or lower) of the brachial plexus. Extensive S-NCS included: median, recording thumb (Med-D1), index (Med-D2), and middle fingers (Med-D3); ulnar, recording fifth finger (Uln-D5); dorsal ulnar cutaneous, recording dorsum of the hand (DUC); radial, recording base of thumb; and both medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous (MABC, LABC), recording forearm. Except for the median sensory fibers, the "cord" elements traversed by the sensory fibers assessed during the S-NCS listed above are anatomically defined (i.e., the sensory fibers enter the brachial plexus at only one cord). In regard to the median sensory fibers, however, there are two possible pathways through the infraclavicular plexus: (1) the lateral cord and/or (2) the medial cord. Because the lower trunk is only accessible via the medial cord, any sensory fibers found to be traversing the lower trunk had to first traverse the medial cord. Similarly, those traversing the upper and middle trunks must first be a component of the lateral cord. The frequency that the various S-NCS responses were abnormal (unelicitable, below laboratory normal value, or < or = 50% of the contralateral response) for a given brachial plexus element lesion was as follows: (1) upper trunk (UT): 25 of 26 Med-D1, 25 of 26 LABC, 15 of 26 radial, 5 of 26 Med-D2, 2 of 26 Med-D3; (2) middle trunk (MT): 1 of 1 Med-D3; (3) lower trunk (LT): 25 of 26 Uln-D5, 22 of 23 DUC, 11 of 17 MABC, 3 of 23 Med-D3. With lower trunk brachial plexopathies, both "routine" (Uln-D5) and "uncommon" (DUC; MABC) S-NCS are abnormal. With upper trunk brachial plexopathies, in contrast, only the "uncommon" S-NCS (Med-D1; LABC) are consistently affected. The "routine" median S-NCS recording digit 2 (Med-D2) is far less reliable than the median S-NCS recording digit 1 (Med-D1) in detecting upper trunk axon loss brachial plexopathies. Additionally, the various pathways traversed by the fibers contributing to the individual S-NCS responses can be predicted, an important point when the full extent of a brachial plexus lesion is sought.
ICE NUCLEATION - A REVIEW

Publisher Summary The phase transitions of water to ice have crucial consequences in the atmosphere and in biological systems. Studies of the processes even with pure water face many obstacles, and the heterogeneous processes are yet more complex. Improvements in observational and computational methods are producing slow but significant progress. This chapter focuses on three topics related to atmospheric ice nucleation. Two of these, one concerning the lowest temperatures and the other those very close to 0˚C are areas of great scientific activity and significant advances. In the third, the traditional focus of atmospheric ice nucleation research progress appears quite slow. Ice formation in cirrus has been successfully analyzed by a number of authors in terms of homogeneous nucleation on dilute sulfuric acid aerosol. The origin of ice in lower tropospheric clouds is not resolved; it remains a question of great importance and in need of new efforts. In the realm of basic studies, the finding that monolayers and bacterial proteins can be very effective freezing nuclei have opened new horizons and may also have implications for atmospheric processes.
Modulation of quinidine-induced arrhythmias by temperature in perfused rabbit heart

We used low temperature to slow ion channel kinetics and studied the electrophysiological effects of quinidine at different pacing rates in isolated rabbit hearts. Fifteen epicardial electrograms t...