cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on Integrating Phytoseiulus persimilis Releases, Chemical Applications, Cultural Manipulations, and Natural Predation for Control of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Strawberry in Southern California

Studies on integrating Phyloseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot releases, chemical applications, cultural manipulations, and natural predation for control of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), on strawberry were conducted in southern California during 1965–66. Treatments consisted of a pre-planting furrow application and a post-planting sidedress application of phorate granules, foliage spray application of binapacryl, and 2 nonpesticide checks in one of which sanitation (nonfunctioning senescent leaves removed from field) was practiced. Treatment plots were established in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Mass releases of P. persimilis were made on ½ of each plot at weekly intervals during March at the equivalent rate of 384,000 per acre total for the period. Populations of prey and predators were sampled at weekly intervals throughout the study. In the check plot, the spider mite population declined from an average of 13.1 mites per leaflet on September 28, 1965 (5 weeks after transplants were planted) to a low of 1.0 per leaflet on January 4, 1966, reached a peak of 162.7 on March 15, after which it declined to an average of less than 1.0 per leaflet by May 17, remaining below 0.5 per leaflet through the end of the study on June 28. Reduction of the spider mite population in the check was due primarily to the combined action of 8 predators, of which the six-spotted thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande), was the dominant species. Removal of the non functioning leaves resulted in an overall 55.4% reduction in the spider mite population, with a corresponding reduction in total predator numbers during a 6-week period subsequent to their removal. Because of the unusually early increase in and the high population reached by the two-spotted spider mite, plant damage was not prevented by P. persimilis releases although the pest population was reduced by an overall average of 18.9%. P. persimilis reached its peak population 6-8 weeks after initial releases, averaging up to 4.6 actives per leaflet and occupying 75-100% of the leaflets sampled. Mass releases of P. persimilis had no adverse effect on natural predation, Strawberry yield was increased by an overall average of 18.1% where P. persimilis was released. Good initial spider mite control was obtained with the phorate treatments. However, they were no longer effective by the time the P. persimilis releases were made in March. Suppression of the spider mite in the binapacryl plots was followed by even higher populations, indicating an indirect adverse effect of chemical control and emphasizing the desirability of developing an effective integrated control program.
LOCAL RESPONSES OF THE ‘SEXUAL SKIN’ AND MAMMARY GLANDS OF MONKEYS TO CUTANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF ESTROGEN

THE EFFECTIVENESS of estrogen administered cutaneously in creams, oils, alcohol or benzene has been clearly demonstrated (1–4). This treatment has usually been directed toward systemic responses. Some experiments have demon-strated that estrogen may act locally on breast tissue or on vaginal epithelium without affecting other more distant organs. In the case of the vaginal epithelium extremely small amounts of estrogen were effective (5). The direct application of estrogen, when possible, may prove desirable under cer-tain conditions where systemic reactions are not wanted; for instance, in atrophic diseases of the vulva after menopause, at levels below that sufficient for the uterine reaction to induce recurrence of menstruation. From the experimental viewpoint the localization of the response to subjacent tissues adds further evidence concerning the basic reactions to estrogen; i.e. whether direct or through intermediation of other endocrine glands. This is especially important because uterine and vagin...
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PLASMA-CELL TUMORS OF THE MOUSE : II. Tissue Cultures of the X5563 Tumor

The X5563 tumor has been grown in tissue culture. Cells similar to those of the original tumor migrated from the explant and attached to the glass walls of the culture vessels. Electron microscopy showed that large numbers of particles, similar in morphology to virus particles, were associated with these cells after 7 days of culture. The two principal types of particles found in the tumor in vivo appear to be present in vitro. Many more of these particles, however, were larger and showed a more complex structure. Whereas the particles were mainly localized inside endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi zone in the tumors in vivo, in the tissue culture the majority of the particles were associated with the plasma membrane and were found outside of the cells. The relation of the particles to the granular body is discussed as well as a possible relation to the mammary tumor agent.
Service Learning as a Pedagogy of Whiteness

In this article we employ whiteness as a conceptual framework to contextualize how faculty develop and implement, and consequently how students experience, service learning. A vignette that illustrates the pervasiveness of whiteness in service learning is followed by an analysis that details how whiteness frames the teaching and learning in this service learning experience. Through this example and analysis, we seek to increase instructors’ capacity and confidence to interrupt the patterns and privileges of whiteness that too often are normalized in service learning.
Different From the Rest: An Interview With Nic Harris of the Carolina Panthers

Athlete transgressions have become quite the norm in professional sports as athletes are performing acts which are surely a detriment to their career. This is especially true of some Black male athletes in professional sports (e.g., Michael Vick, Derrick Coleman, Barry Bonds, and Adam ‘Pacman’ Jones). In light of this, this interview with Nic Harris of the Carolina Panthers illustrates how he has attempted to shun these negative associations among Black male athletes. Secondarily, given the scant attention as to how professional athletes go about managing their careers, the interview gives insight as to what goes into managing a professional career.
Cytosolic calcium responses to extracellular adenosine 5′,5″′-P1,P4-tetraphosphate in PC12 Cells

Abstract Binding of adenosine 5′,5″′-P 1 ,P 4 -tetraphosphate (Ap 4 A) to a purinoceptor on nerve growth factor-differentiated (NGF) pheochromacytoma (PC12) cells modulated cytosolic Ca 2+ levels. Both Ap 4 A and ATP elicited an influx of extracellular Ca 2+ , but both the sensitivity of the response and the flux profile were different. Preincubation of the PC12 cells with the compounds adenosine 5′-0-(2-thio)diphosphate (ADP-β-S) and periodate-oxidized ATP had differential effects upon the Ap 4 A and ATP-induced response. These results indicate that Ap 4 A and ATP were either interacting with distinct purinoceptor subclasses or with the same purinoceptor with differing affinities. Simultaneous depolarization and application of either Ap 4 A or ATP to the PC12 cells induced an additive effect on the calcium flux. Preincubation with verapamil negated the effects of depolarization without significantly modifying the ligand-elicited Ca 2+ fluxes, suggesting the presence of Ap 4 A ligand-gated channels that may function as modulators of PC12 cell function.
Racial differences in microbleed prevalence in primary intracerebral hemorrhage

Background: Primary intracerebral hemorrhage is two to three times more common in many racial populations, including black patients. Previous studies have shown that microbleeds, identified on gradient echo MRI (GRE), are present in 50–80% of patients with primary ICH. The objective of this study was to compare, by race, the rates, risk factors, and topography of microbleeds in patients hospitalized for primary ICH. Methods: Patients diagnosed with primary ICH at two metropolitan stroke centers were included. Clinical and neuroimaging data were recorded for each patient. Analyses were performed to compare baseline characteristics as well as imaging findings by race. Results: A total of 87 patients met inclusion criteria (42 black subjects, 45 white subjects). The black cohort was younger ( p p = 0.001), but not other vascular risk factors. Microbleeds were more prevalent in the black population, with 74% of blacks having one or more microbleeds compared to 42% of whites ( p = 0.005). The black population also tended to have a greater frequency of microbleeds in multiple territories than the white population (38% vs 22%, p = 0.106). When adjusting for age, hypertension, and alcohol use, race was an independent predictor of microbleeds (OR 3.308, 95% CI 1.144–9.571, p = 0.027). Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that significant racial differences exist in the frequency and topography of microbleeds in patients with primary ICH. Microbleeds may be an important emerging imaging biomarker with the potential to provide insights into ICH pathophysiology, prognosis, and disease progression, as well as possible therapeutic strategies, particularly in medically underserved populations.
Metal nanoparticle catalysts decorated with metal oxide clusters

Au nanoparticles decorated with mononuclear Ti–oxo units dispersed in silica clusters were formed by activating Au nanoparticles (∼2 nm) stabilized with Ti- and amine-functionalized siloxane oligomers. These Au nanoparticles were active catalysts for selective oxidation of propane to acetone, and the activity increased with increasing Ti density.
Engineering retinal progenitor cell and scrollable poly(glycerol-sebacate) composites for expansion and subretinal transplantation

Retinal degenerations cause permanent visual loss and affect millions world-wide. Presently, a novel treatment highlights the potential of using biodegradable polymer scaffolds to induce differentiation and deliver retinal progenitor cells for cell replacement therapy. In this study, we engineered and analyzed a micro-fabricated polymer, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) scaffold, whose useful properties include biocompatibility, elasticity, porosity, and a microtopology conducive to mouse retinal progenitor cell (mRPC) differentiation. In vitro proliferation assays revealed that PGS held up to 86,610 (±9993) mRPCs per square millimeter, which were retained through simulated transplantations. mRPCs adherent to PGS differentiated toward mature phenotypes as evidenced by changes in mRNA, protein levels, and enhanced sensitivity to glutamate. Transplanted composites demonstrated long-term mRPC survival and migrated cells exhibited mature marker expression in host retina. These results suggest that combining mRPCs with PGS scaffolds for subretinal transplantation is a practical strategy for advancing retinal tissue engineering as a restorative therapy.
Universal interactions: challenges and opportunities

In this forum we will celebrate research that helps to successfully bring the benefits of computing technologies to children, older adults, people with disabilities, and other populations that are often ignored in the design of mass-marketed products. Juan Pablo Hourcade, Editor
Fermi Surfaces of Potassium and Rubidium

Experimental data on the shapes of the Fermi surfaces of K and Rb are used to determine the first two Fourier coefficients of the effective potential in the metals for scattering at the Fermi energy. Band-structure contributions to the specific-heat masses and cyclotron masses are deduced using the empirical values of the band gaps. Addition of mass-enhancement terms arising from electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions gives fair agreement with experiment.
Calvin Cycle Flux, Pathway Constraints, and Substrate Oxidation State Together Determine the H2 Biofuel Yield in Photoheterotrophic Bacteria

ABSTRACT Hydrogen gas (H 2 ) is a possible future transportation fuel that can be produced by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria via nitrogenase. The electrons for H 2 are usually derived from organic compounds. Thus, one would expect more H 2 to be produced when anoxygenic phototrophs are supplied with increasingly reduced (electron-rich) organic compounds. However, the H 2 yield does not always differ according to the substrate oxidation state. To understand other factors that influence the H 2 yield, we determined metabolic fluxes in Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown on 13 C-labeled fumarate, succinate, acetate, and butyrate (in order from most oxidized to most reduced). The flux maps revealed that the H 2 yield was influenced by two main factors in addition to substrate oxidation state. The first factor was the route that a substrate took to biosynthetic precursors. For example, succinate took a different route to acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) than acetate. As a result, R. palustris generated similar amounts of reducing equivalents and similar amounts of H 2 from both succinate and acetate, even though succinate is more oxidized than acetate. The second factor affecting the H 2 yield was the amount of Calvin cycle flux competing for electrons. When nitrogenase was active, electrons were diverted away from the Calvin cycle towards H 2 , but to various extents, depending on the substrate. When Calvin cycle flux was blocked, the H 2 yield increased during growth on all substrates. In general, this increase in H 2 yield could be predicted from the initial Calvin cycle flux. IMPORTANCE Photoheterotrophic bacteria, like Rhodopseudomonas palustris, obtain energy from light and carbon from organic compounds during anaerobic growth. Cells can naturally produce the biofuel H 2 as a way of disposing of excess electrons. Unexpectedly, feeding cells organic compounds with more electrons does not necessarily result in more H 2 . Despite repeated observations over the last 40 years, the reasons for this discrepancy have remained unclear. In this paper, we identified two metabolic factors that influence the H 2 yield, (i) the route taken to make biosynthetic precursors and (ii) the amount of CO 2 -fixing Calvin cycle flux that competes against H 2 production for electrons. We show that the H 2 yield can be improved on all substrates by using a strain that is incapable of Calvin cycle flux. We also contributed quantitative knowledge to the long-standing question of why photoheterotrophs must produce H 2 or fix CO 2 even on relatively oxidized substrates.
Ionization state of l-Phenylalanine at the Air–Water Interface

The ionization state of organic molecules at the air–water interface and the related problem of the surface pH of water have significant consequences on the catalytic role of the surface in chemical reactions and are currently areas of intense research and controversy. In this work, infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) is used to identify changes in the ionization state of l-phenylalanine in the surface region versus the bulk aqueous solution. l-phenylalanine has the unique advantage of possessing two different hydrophilic groups, a carboxylic acid and an amine base, which can deprotonate and protonate respectively depending on the ionic environment they experience at the water surface. In this work, the polar group vibrations in the surface region are identified spectroscopically in varying bulk pH solutions, and are subsequently compared with the ionization state of the polar groups of molecules residing in the bulk environment. The polar groups of l-phenylalanine at the surface transitio...
Caseating granulomas of the heart.

Abstract A 49 year old woman died suddenly having had known rheumatic mitral valve disease and severe rheumatoid arthritis for many years. Several calcified masses within her myocardium proved on autopsy to be caseating granulomas almost certainly due to tuberculosis.
Comparison of neural correlates of risk decision making between genders: An exploratory fNIRS study of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research rarely reports gender differences in the neural correlates of risk decision making due to small sample sizes. In this functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based imaging study of active and passive risk decision making, gender differences in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) concentration changes were investigated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of healthy adults. Forty adult participants (25-44 years; males=23) completed two sets of 15 balloon trials in active and passive decision making modes of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). In active mode, participants chose the number of balloon inflations, decided when to collect money, or risked accrued money if balloons exploded. BART is psychometrically well established and has predictive validity to real-world risk taking. The blocked experimental design and modification of BART for fNIRS were guided by a previous fMRI study that examined the neural correlates of risk decision making in young adults [Rao, H., Korczykowski, M., Pluta, J., Hoang, A., Detre, J.A., 2008. Neural correlates of voluntary and involuntary risk taking in the human brain: An fMRI study of the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART). NeuroImage 42, 902-910]. Our findings were consistent with the previous fMRI study: no or little PFC activation during passive mode but strong PFC activation during active wins and losses among total sample. Active losses in females were associated with more significant bilateral activation in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) than males; no significant gender differences were found in DLPFC activation during active wins. Gender differences existed in direction and strength of correlations between BART behavioral and hemodynamic data. This study shows that use of fNIRS is a feasible, accessible, and less costly way to achieve adequate study power and investigate gender differences in neural correlates of risk decision making.
Amiodarone: the expanding antiarrhythmic role and how to follow a patient on chronic therapy.

Amiodarone was introduced as an antiarrhythmic compound in the early 1970s and was approved in the U.S. for the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias in late 1984. Since that time the drug has become the most widely studied antiarrhythmic compound with expanding potential indications, including maintaining stability of sinus rhythm, secondary prevention in the survivors of myocardial infarction, and prolongation of survival in certain subsets of patients with congestive heart failure. Intravenous amiodarone was introduced in the U.S. in 1995 for the control of recurrent destabilizing ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation resistant to conventional therapy. The level of comfort in its use has risen considerably in the recent past. This has stemmed from the reasonably decisive evidence that class I agents increase mortality in patients with structural heart disease. In contrast, amiodarone either reduces mortality or its effect is neutral; this is consistent with its low to negligible proarrhythmic actions. The drug does not aggravate heart failure and it may even increase left ventricular ejection fraction and improve exercise capacity. Above all, it is becoming increasingly evident from wider experience and from controlled clinical trials that the side-effect profile of the drug is not as compelling an issue as it appeared to be when first used in much higher doses. Therefore, the overall objective of amiodarone therapy is to use the lowest dose that produces a defined therapeutic end point without causing serious side effects. Careful clinical surveillance in conjunction with monitoring of certain laboratory parameters and indices of efficacy at regular intervals permits the drug to be used effectively in a large number of patients who fail to respond to, or are intolerant of other antiarrhythmic compounds. Many experienced clinicians have begun to consider the use of amiodarone as first-line therapy in certain disorders of rhythm, especially in patients with severely compromised ventricular function.
Low Melting N-4-Functionalized-1-alkyl or Polyfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-triazolium Salts

Butane sulfobetaines 2a,b, zwitterionic oxo perfluorocarboxylates 3a,b, and functionalized triazolium bromides 4b,c and 5a−c have been synthesized and subsequently reacted to give a series of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fluorinated and nonfluorinated N-1-alkyl-N-4-functionalized-triazolium compounds (6a−11b). With the exception of 11b (mp 41 °C), all are liquids at room temperature. Metathesis of the fluorinated quaternary triazolium halides with other anions led to the formation of a new class of compounds, namely, [(R)(Rfunct)-Taz]+Y-, Y = PF6, (CF3SO2) 2N, and CF3SO3, in good isolated yields. All of the new compounds were characterized by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR, and MS spectral and elemental analyses. Thermal analyses indicate that high temperatures are attainable prior to decomposition. DSC studies show glass transitions for several samples, and all functionalized compounds, 5−11, have Tgs or Tms <100 °C. Densities range between 1.4 and 1.61 g cm-3. 1-Heptyl-4-(butyl-4-sulfonic acid) triazolium trifluor...
Continuation of warfarin during pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a randomized clinical trial.

Background Management of oral anticoagulation in patients undergoing pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation remains controversial. Prior studies demonstrate that continuation of warfarin may be safer when compared with strategies requiring interruption and/or heparin bridging. Limited data from randomized trials exist. Objective We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether warfarin continuation is superior to warfarin interruption during PPM or ICD implantation. Methods Patients on oral anticoagulation referred for PPM or ICD implantation were randomized to warfarin continuation versus interruption. Patients randomized to warfarin interruption were further stratified into two groups based on their risk for thromboembolic events in the absence of warfarin. Moderate-risk patients were randomized to warfarin continuation versus warfarin interruption. High-risk patients were randomized to warfarin continuation versus warfarin interruption with heparin bridging. The primary combined outcome included thromboembolic events, anticoagulant-related complications, or any significant bleeding necessitating additional intervention or discontinuation of anticoagulation. Results We studied 100 patients (average age 70.8 years, 21% female, mean body mass index 28.4) who underwent 64 ICD and 36 PPM implantations. Fifty patients were assigned to continue warfarin. The randomized groups were well matched. Among patients randomized to warfarin interruption, there were two pocket hematomas, one pericardial effusion, one transient ischemic attack, and one patient who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. No events were noted among patients continuing warfarin (P = .056). Conclusions While the results were not statistically significant, there was a trend toward reduced complications in patients randomized to warfarin continuation. This strategy should be considered in patients undergoing PPM or ICD implantation.
New drugs for treating small cell lung cancer

Recently there has been a number of new active drugs which have been identified for treating patients with SCLC. These drugs include paclitaxel, docetaxel, CPT-11, topotecan and gemcitabine. The range of response rates are as follows for each of the drugs given: (1) to previously untreated patients: paclitaxel (34-41%), topotecan (39%) and gemcitabine (30%), and (2) to previously treated patients: docetaxel (28%), CPT-11 (47%) and topotecan (35%). Further studies with these new drugs utilized in combination chemotherapeutic regimens are needed to define the role of these agents in the treatment of patients with SCLC.
Environmental Correlates of Public Child Welfare Worker Turnover

In the field of child welfare, the research indicates that turnover negatively affects outcomes for the children and families served by the workers. Empirical research documents that individual, organizational, and environmental factors influence worker turnover decisions. Yet, most research only explores individual and organizational level explanations of variations in child welfare worker turnover. To address this gap in the literature, researchers conducted a cross-sectional study to examine how county-level environmental factors are related to public child welfare turnover in California. Analyses included exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and generalized linear models to test for relationships between environmental factors and child welfare worker turnover. Multivariate analyses indicate that the turnover of child welfare social workers in rural areas was two to 600 times greater than in metropolitan counties, holding other variables constant.
Leveraging both quantitative and qualitative data sources to improve IT help desk support services

Information technology organizations in higher education look to customer satisfaction surveys or help desk software tracking data such as number of tickets resolved to measure effectiveness of help desk operations. While that is an excellent starting point to discuss effectiveness is it enough?.A specific case study will be presented and discussed in this paper. Winona State University in 1997 launched its laptop program (now called the e-Warrior: Digital Life and Learning Program), providing every student with a laptop computer to enhance his/her studies. After 14 years, Winona State is still gaining experience with its Digital Life and Learning Program. The program continues to evolve as more faculty and students familiarize themselves with the changing needs of technology for students. Winona State will continue to learn more about the role of our technology program's impact on its students' educational opportunities for years to come.Using data collected from the e-Warrior Assessment plan information technology user services team improved existing student and faculty annual surveys that result in more specific, valid, and reliable indicators of self-reported academic benefits. Stratified random sampling replaced the current convenience sampling method, improving the ability to generalize. In addition, information will be presented on how the help desk satisfaction survey was used a starting point for follow-up faculty and student focus groups to provide more context to issues of IT student support services. Finally all of these changes fed a broader plan of assessment to evaluate program success.
Precision null-point potentiometry direct microdetermination of iodide in solutions with high chloride concentrations

Abstract The determination of micro amounts of iodide in the presence of large concentrations of chloride, such as found in brines or iodized salt, can be performed directly and rapidly by the precision null-point potentiometric method. The complete; analysis time is about 3 min. Iodized salt samples containing 5–100 p.p.m. iodide were determined with an average deviation less than 0.3 p.p.m. and with relative errors of about 0.5% at 100 p.p.m. and about 5% at 10 p.p.m. iodide. The measured samples contained 1–20 μg of iodide in 20 ml of solution, and the sodium chloride to iodide weight ratio was as high as 200,000 to 1. Similar precision and accuracy were obtained for prepared brines containing 10–200 p.p.m. iodide and a wide range of chloride to iodide ratios.
Can a crystal clock be started and stopped

Abstract A circuit is described that, with only modest constraints, allows a computer clock signal derived from a crystal to be started at an arbitrary time and later be stopped. The clock may not be practical in the form described, but does demonstrate the existence of a “stoppable” crystal clock, a device that may be useful in the design of failure-free communication links in multiclock systems.
Parametric Studies Of Space Infrared Sensors

The equations used for system infrared calculations are presented. These equations are then rearranged into the forms useful for developing space infrared systems. In the paper, curves and nomograms are presented that exhibit the relationships between many parameters such as detector sizes, diameter of the optics, focal lengths of the optics, ground footprint, D* , angular resolution, target intensity, and quantum efficency
Signaled Reinforcing Brain Stimulation Facilitates Operant Behavior under Schedules of Intermittent Reinforcement

When single, rewarding brain stimulations were mnade predictable by preceding them with a brief warning signal, operant behavior was established and maintained under fixed ratio 200, variable ratio 30, fixed interval 3-minute, variable interval 2-minute, and differential reinforcement of low rate 20-second schedules of intermittent reinforcement. When the warning signal was removed, overall response rate declined in all but the fixed ratio schedules and then returned to the previous rate when the signal was reinstated.
The visible persistence of stimuli in stroboscopic motion.

This paper reports an improved paradigm to measure visible persistence. The stimulus is a pair of lines stroboscopically displayed in successive positions moving in opposite directions. The subjects' judgement of simultaneous appearance of all the presented lines is used to estimate visible persistence. This paradigm permitted independent manipulation of spatial and temporal stimulus separations in linear motion. The resulting estimates of visible persistence increase with spatial separation up to 0.24 deg of visual angle and approaches a maximum value at larger spatial separations. The results are consistent with the existence of a hypothetical visual gain mechanism that operates over small retinal distances to effectively decrease persistence duration with decreasing spatial separation. Visible persistance Stroboscopic motion Apparent motion
Photoemission measurement of the d-band energies in calcium

For hν<8 eV the energy distribution curves from deposited films of calcium are dominated by a single peak. The peak results from initial states near the Fermi energy. An overlap of 0.3 eV of the s- and d-like bands is estimated from the width of the peak. The spectral dependence of the width of the peak is used to locate final d-band structure at approximately 4.7 and 5.7 eV above the Fermi energy. These results are consistent with recent APW calculations.
The effect of limited aeration on swine manure phosphorus removal.

Two low level aeration schemes (intermittent vs. continuous)were investigated on a laboratory scale, in conjunction with swine manure pH adjustment using sodium hydroxide (1.0 M), for manure phosphorus (P) removal. According to the data, an 80% reduction in soluble P was observed when the manure pH was increased to 8. Both intermittent and continuous aeration treatments could raise manure pH above 8 with an airflow rate of 1 L/minute in a period of 15 days. A drastic increase in pH (about 1 unit) was observed for both aeration schemes within the first day of test, resulting in a 76% reduction in soluble P concentration in the liquid. It appeared that there is no difference in terms of P removal between the two aeration programs, suggesting that the intermittent aeration be preferred to save energy while still achieving the same level of P removal.
Psychophysiologic assessment of erectile response and its suppression as a function of stimulus media and previous experience with plethysmography

The present study examined college men's (N = 35) differential ability to suppress sexual arousal as a function of (a) stimulus media (audio‐only vs. audiovisual), (b) experience with the procedure, and (c) novelty of the stimulus material. Further, galvanic skin response (GSR) and finger pulse amplitude (FPA) were examined as possible methods of detecting attempts to suppress sexual arousal. In general, participants were able to reduce substantially their plethysmographically‐assessed erectile response, and these efforts were not significantly detectable through GSR or FPA measurement. Further, neither experience nor stimulus novelty were found to have a significant effect on arousal or the ability to suppress it. Participants were, however, less aroused in response to audio‐only presentations than audiovisual presentations once they were experienced with the procedure. This effect, in combination with participants’ considerable ability to suppress, could result in more false negative conclusions being d...
Accumulation of45calcium as an index of cell injury and cytotoxicity in cultured cells

Measurement of45calcium uptake in cultured cells can be used as a sensitive indicator of chemicalinduced alterations in plasma membrane permeability to calcium. Accumulation of large amounts of calcium may alter the structural and functional integrity of several cellular compartments and result in cell injury.
The influence of neonatal stress on the physiological and behavioral response of lambs during active-avoidance conditioning

Abstract For the first 5 weeks after birth, lambs which had been raised in small flocks under conditions that approximated the normal social environment of sheep were periodically separated from their mothers and exposed to Pavlovian conditioning. At 8 months of age these lambs and their nonstressed peers (controls) were run in a two-way active-avoidance task for ten days. The difference in early experience did not influence the performance of the task nor the adrenocortical response to the training. However, the control animals did lose significantly more body weight during training than did the neonatal-stressed lambs. The adrenocortical response to the active-avoidance task diminished rapidly in response to repeated testing. By the fifth session there was no significant response to the conditioning paradigm. Since the adrenals were still fully responsive to exogenous ACTH after 10 sessions of conditioning, it appears that the diminuation in the response of the adrenal axis resulted from central inhibition and not adrenal exhaustion.
Early-pregnancy maternal vitamin D status and maternal hyperglycaemia.

Aims To estimate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and maternal hyperglycaemia (post-load glucose concentration ≥ 7.5 mmol/l). Methods Pregnant women (n = 429; 61% black, 36% obese, 45% smokers) enrolled in a cohort study at <16 weeks gestation. Non-fasting blood samples were assayed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at enrolment. At 24–28 weeks gestation, maternal hyperglycaemia was determined using a 50-g 1-h oral glucose challenge test. Results A total of 67% of women had 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations < 50 nmol/l and 11% had maternal hyperglycaemia. Among smokers, each 23-nmol/l increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with a reduction in the odds of maternal hyperglycaemia [odds ratio: 0.30 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.68)] after adjustment for parity, race/ethnicity, age, pre-pregnancy BMI, marital status, income, family history of diabetes, and gestational age of gestational diabetes mellitus screening. Among non-smokers, we found no association between early pregnancy vitamin D status and maternal hyperglycaemia. Conclusions Smoking status may modify the relationship between poor maternal vitamin D status and maternal hyperglycaemia.
Articular complications of Paget's disease of bone☆

Articular symptoms in Paget's disease are very common. The most frequent cause of articular symptoms is OA, secondary to the Paget's disease. Radiographic OA due to Paget's disease is not always symptomatic, and periarticular Paget's disease does not invariably lead to OA. Intraarticular lidocaine occasionally is helpful in separating the symptoms of OA from those of Paget's disease.
Computational Analysis of a Pipe Flow Distributor for a Thermocline Based Thermal Energy Storage System

The overall efficiency of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant depends on the effectiveness of thermal energy storage (TES) system (Kearney and Herrmann, 2002, “Assessment of a Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid,” ASME). A single tank TES system consists of a thermocline region which produces the temperature gradient between hot and cold storage fluid by density difference (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, http://www.eere.energy.gov/basics/renewable_energy/thermal_storage.html). Preservation of this thermocline region in the tank during charging and discharging cycles depends on the uniformity of the velocity profile at any horizontal plane. Our objective is to maximize the uniformity of the velocity distribution using a pipe-network distributor by varying the number of holes, distance between the holes, position of the holes and number of distributor pipes. For simplicity, we consider that the diameter of the inlet, main pipe, the distributor pipes and the height and the width of the tank are constant. We use Hitec® molten salt as the storage medium and the commercial software Gambit 2.4.6 and Fluent 6.3 for the computational analysis. We analyze the standard deviation in the velocity field and compare the deviations at different positions of the tank height for different configurations. Since the distance of the holes from the inlet and their respective arrangements affects the flow distribution throughout the tank; we investigate the impacts of rearranging the holes position on flow distribution. Impact of the number of holes and distributor pipes are also analyzed. We analyze our findings to determine a configuration for the best case scenario.
On the influence of problem definition in sensor placement optimization

The combinatorial nature of sensor placement optimization has motivated the use of heuristic algorithms to avoid the high computational costs of finding global optima by focusing instead on satisfactory local optima. Transition of an optimization strategy from research to practice should involve a detailed inquiry into the dependence of its results on the representation of realistic scenarios. A sampling method was used to examine how the specification of a sensor placement problem for optimization affects the statistical properties of various ensembles of optimum networks produced by a heuristic algorithm. Features sampled in each ensemble were the resolution of the grid used for computing network coverage, the range of each sensor, and the dimensions of obstacles to line-of-sight sensing. The candidate placement grid also was sampled to examine the consequences of being unable to place sensors at a subset of a regularly spaced grid. The objective function was the number of sensors required to exceed a probability of detection threshold throughout the coverage area. The relative importance of variability in each parameter was found to depend on the widths and baseline values of the assumed variability ranges. Important length scale ratios were identified for ensuring the feasibility and integrity of the optimization process.
A new model of impression management: Emotions in the ‘black box’ of organizational persuasion

In this article, we proffer a theoretical integration of current emotions research and impression management (IM) tactics as applied to the workplace. Both IM and emotions frequently occur in organizational settings, but research has yet to consider how their simultaneous implementation may impact the ability of an individual to influence the perceptions others form of them. By integrating the emotions as social information model and a cybernetic model of IM, we attempt to explain the linkage between actor implementation of IM behaviour, paired affective displays, and downstream processing and resultant behaviour by a target. Situational and personal moderators that may impact this process are also discussed. Successful application of emotions in IM can have wide-ranging implications for outcomes of interest in human resource management, and these are discussed within several IM frameworks. Practitioner points We integrate theory and research on emotions and IM to help develop an understanding of their impact on others in the workplace. A model is provided to show how this integration may influence human resource management. Examples of this integration are shown via extant IM frameworks.
mTunes: efficient post-silicon tuning of mixed-signal/RF integrated circuits based on Markov decision process

Uncertainty prevails in IC manufacturing and circuit operation. In particular, process variability has a huge impact on circuit performance, especially for mixed-signal/RF circuits, leading to unacceptable yields. Additionally, environmental uncertainties, such as temperature fluctuation and channel variation, further deteriorate performances in field. To combat variability, circuits are often made reconfigurable by adding tunable knobs to recover circuit performance in the post-manufacturing stage. However, as the number of knobs increases, knob tuning becomes challenging due to the huge search space. In fact, knob-tuning policies can have an observable impact on final performance and power consumption. In this paper, we propose mTunes, a method based on the Markov decision process for dynamically choosing the "right" knob tuning sub-routine from a pre-defined set achieving a balance between performance and power constraints. The proposed method has been applied to a reconfigurable RF front-end design, showing 60% improvement in yield compared to static tuning policies.
Rotational transitions in monolayer molecular solids

We have measured the NMR spin-lattice relaxation time and second moment for ethylene and methane monolayers adsorbed on a graphite substrate. Coverages were in the low-density-solid region. Substantial rotational mobility (apparently isotropic) is found for both systems at temperatures below the freezing transition. Some or all of this mobility is lost in a second, rotational transition for ethylene at about 35 K and for methane at about 17 K.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of [d-lysine]8cyclosporin A analogs as potential anti-HCV agents

An efficient synthesis of [D-lysine](8)cyclosporin A has been developed. Several analogs of [D-lysine](8)cyclosporin A have been synthesized and show promising anti-HCV activity, particularly compounds 39 and 43, which each exhibit an anti-HCV EC(50)<200 nM, and are each ≥50-fold less immunosuppressive than cyclosporin A.
The Effects of Protective Equipment on Styrene Exposure in Workers in the Reinforced Plastics Industry

Abstract This study was designed to determine whether styrene absorption through the skin results in measurable changes in biologic indicators of styrene exposure using a group of workers engaged in hand lay-up operations during which extensive styrene skin contact occurs. Serial measurements of expired breath and blood styrene and urinary excretion o f mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid were made in eight female workers during 4 consecutive days using d ifferent experimental conditions including either (1) gloves/protective clothing alone, (2) respirator alone, (3) both gloves/protective clothing and respirator, or (4) neither respirator nor gloves/protective clothing, A two-by-two factorial design imbedded in a Latin square design allowed estimation of the effects of the two types of protection (i.e., gloves/clothing and respiratory) and any interaction. Levels of styrene in venous blood and expired breath and urine mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid excretion were no different when gloves/clothes were us...
Spatial variability in subsurface flow and transport: a review

Abstract Stochastic models of spatial variation as they apply to both saturated and unsaturated flow and transport problems are examined in this paper. Both modeling and data interpretive geostatistical approaches are reviewed and an integrated discussion combining the two approaches given. The probabilistic content is of special interest for reliability and risk calculations for waste management and groundwater pollution studies.
Representing and estimating 3-D lines

This paper addresses the issues concerning reconstructing a 3-D line from a sequence of its 2-D projections. We consider both the problem of 3-D line representation and the recursive estimation algorithm. We point out the problems with previous 3-D line representation models, and suggest a new approach based on simple geometrical observations. We then derive the corresponding recursive estimation algorithm for the new model, based on simple linear algebra. Finally, a general discussion reveals deeper insight into the seemingly simple question of 3-D line representation and estimation.
Synergism Between Thyrotropic and Growth Hormones of Pituitary. Body Weight Increase in Hypophysectomized Rat.

SummaryPurified pituitary growth hormone, when given in combination with purified pituitary thyrotropic hormone, is markedly increased in its capacity to stimulate body weight gain in the hypophysectomized rat. Since the thyrotropic preparation, given alone at the same dose level, is almost free of intrinsic growth-promoting potency, this action must be considered more than additive, and would appear to constitute a true synergistic effect.
Parallel multi-time point cell stimulation and lysis on-chip for studying early signaling events in T cell activation

Dynamics of complex signaling networks are important to many biological problems. Quantitative data at early time points after cellular stimulation are necessary for accurate model generation. However, the large amount of data needed is often extremely time-consuming and expensive to acquire with conventional methods. We present a two-module microfluidic platform for simultaneous multi-time point stimulation and lysis of T cells for early time point signaling activation with a resolution down to 20 s using only small amounts of cells and reagents. The key design features are rapid mixing of reagents and uniform splitting into eight channels for simultaneous collection of multi-time point data. Chaotic mixing was investigated via computational fluid dynamic modeling, and was used to achieve rapid and complete mixing. This modular device is flexible—with easy adjustment of the setup, a wide range of time points can be achieved. We show that treatment in the device does not elicit adverse cellular stress in Jurkat cells. The activation of six important proteins in the signaling cascade was quantified upon stimulation with a soluble form of α-CD3. The dynamics from device and conventional methods are similar, but the microdevice exhibits significantly less error between experiments. We envision this high-throughput format to enable simple and fast generation of large sets of quantitative data, with consistent sample handling, for many complex biological systems.