cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multiple exchange Remez algorithm for complex FIR filter design in the Chebyshev sense

The alternation theorem is at the core of the efficient real Chebyshev approximation algorithms. In this paper, the alternation theorem is extended from the real-only to the complex case. A new efficient algorithm is described for designing FIR filters that best approximate in the Chebyshev sense a desired complex-valued function. This algorithm is based on an ascent Remez exchange method applied to a transformation of the complex Chebyshev error, and is basically a generalization of the Parks-McClellan algorithm to the complex case. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. >
Biocatalytic transformations of hydrothermal fluids

The occurrence of copious animal populations at deep–sea vents indicates an effective microbial chemosynthetic biocatalysis of hydrothermal fluids on their emission into oxygenated ambient seawater. The large metabolic and physiological diversity of microbes found at these sites, including anaerobic and aerobic hyperthermophiles, reflects an even higher variety of biocatalytic or enzymatic reactions that greatly influence deep–sea hydrothermal geochemistry.
Creep of saturated materials as a chemically enhanced rate-dependent damage process

SUMMARY Material behaviour that exhibits characteristics of creep induced by a spontaneous mineral dissolution enhanced by material damage is studied. It is believed that the characteristic rates of the chemical processes involved determine the time-rate dependence of the resulting strain. A basic model of a combined chemo-plastic softening and chemically enhanced deviatoric strain hardening for saturated geomaterials is presented. Chemical softening is postulated to occur as a consequence of the net mass removal resulting from dissolution and precipitation of specific minerals occurring at the damage-generated inter-phase interfaces. Closed and open systems are discussed. In the former case, deformation at constant stress results entirely from a local compensation mechanism between the chemical softening and strain hardening. The classical three stages of creep are interpreted in terms of mechanisms of dissolution and precipitation, as well as the variation in the reaction surface areas involved in the mass exchange. In an open system, the above local mechanism is enhanced by the removal of mass via diffusion of species affecting the mass balance. Such a system is addressed via a boundary value problem as shown in an example. Copyright q 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable visualization of discrete velocity decompositions using spatially organized histograms

Visualizing the velocity decomposition of a group of objects has applications to many studied data types, such as Lagrangian-based flow data or geospatial movement data. Traditional visualization techniques are often subject to a trade-off between visual clutter and loss of detail, especially in a large scale setting. The use of 2D velocity histograms can alleviate these issues. While they have been used throughout domain specific areas on a basic level, there has been very little work in the visualization community on leveraging them to perform more advanced visualization tasks. In this work, we develop an interactive system which utilizes velocity histograms to visualize the velocity decomposition of a group of objects. In addition, we extend our tool to utilize two schemes for histogram generation: an on-the-fly sampling scheme as well as an in situ scheme to maintain interactivity in extreme scale applications.
Production of Resins by Arid-Adapted Astereae

The arid regions of the world and their native flora remain a largely unexplored frontier in the search for new plant chemicals. This search has been revived in recent years because, in addition to the scientific gains to be made through the study of the production and ecological significance of plant secondary metabolites, many of these compounds have practical value as well.
Entity/Event-Level Sentiment Detection and Inference

Sentiment analysis aims at recognizing and understanding opinions expressed in languages. Previous work in sentiment analysis focused on extracting explicit opinions, which are directly expressed via sentiment words. However, opinions may be expressed implicitly via inferences over explicit sentiments. For example, in the sentence It is great that he was promoted. versus It is great that he was fired, there is an explicitly positive sentiment in both sentences because of the positive sentiment word great. Previous work may stop here. However, the sentiment toward he in the former sentence is positive, while the sentiment toward he in the later sentence is negative. The sentiments toward he in both sentences are implicit since there is no sentiment word directly modifying he. The implicit opinions are indicated in the text, and they are important for a sentiment analysis system to fully understand the documents. While previous work cannot recognize such implicit sentiment, this thesis contributes to developing an entity/event-level sentiment analysis system to recognize both explicit and implicit sentiments expressed from entities toward entities and events. Specifically, we first give the definitions of the entity/event-level sentiment analysis task. Since this is a new task, we develop two corpora serving as resources for this task. The implicit sentiments cannot be recognized merely relying on sentiment lexicons since the implicit sentiments are not directly associated with sentiment words. Inference rules are needed to recognize the implicit sentiments. Instead of developing a rule-based system to automatically infer implicit opinions, we develop computational models which use the inference rules as soft constraints. What’s more important, the models take into account the information not only from sentiment analysis tasks, but also from other Natural Language Processing tasks including information extraction and semantic role labeling. The models jointly solve different NLP tasks in one single model and improve the performances of the tasks. We also contribute to improving recognizing sources of opinions in this thesis. Finally, we conduct an analysis study showing that the idea of sentiment inference defined in this thesis can be applied to Chinese text as well.
Methane Plasma Source Ion Implanted Ti-6Al-4V

Ti-6Al-4V alloy test coupons were ion implanted using methane Plasma Source Ion Implanter at an energy of 30 KeV. Multi-energy ion implantation, carbon film deposition as well as ion beam mixing were involved in this process. The resulted carbon profile is flat-top near the surface which forms a TiC layer. The implanted layer has demonstrated high load capacity and long life time under pin on disk wear test condition.
Nonuniformly driven two-plasmon-decay instability in direct-drive implosions.

Half-harmonic emission spectra and images taken during directly driven implosions show that the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability is driven nonuniformly over the target surface and that multibeam effects dominate this instability. The images show a spatially limited extent of the TPD instability. A prominent spectral feature is used to determine the electron temperature in the corona. Near threshold the temperatures agree with one-dimensional hydrodynamic predictions but exceed them by $\ensuremath{\sim}10%$ above the TPD threshold. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations indicate that a significant part ($\ensuremath{\sim}20%$) of the laser intensity must be locally absorbed by the TPD instability (i.e., by collisional damping of the electron plasma waves) to maintain these temperature islands.
Platelet counts in the rat after hypopysectomy, gonadectomy or thyroidectomy.

SummaryRemoval of pituitary gland, or of thyroid resulted in decrease in number of circulating blood platelets. Decrease in clot retraction observed in these animals was consistent with reduced platelet counts. Gonadectomy had no effect on post-operative platelet counts or clot retraction.
Performance Feedback and the Optimum-Maximum Procedure:

The present experiment examines the effects of on-line feedback in the optimum-maximum procedure proposed by Navon (1985). Twenty Clemson University students performed a dual-task consisting of two compensatory tracking tasks. Subjects performed three different dual-task combinations in which the tracking dynamics of the two tasks was varied. Each tracking task was optimized at three levels. One group received on-line feedback on both tasks, the other group did not. Results indicated modest performance trade-offs between tracking tasks. The performance trade-offs appeared to be stronger when on-line feedback was used. These data demonstrate the effects of on-line feedback on dual-task performance and suggest that conclusion concerning resource trade-offs may depend on whether performance feedback is provided.
Enhanced Jumping-Droplet Departure

Water vapor condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces has received much attention in recent years because of its ability to shed water droplets at length scales 3 decades smaller than the capillary length (∼1 mm) via coalescence-induced droplet jumping. Jumping-droplet condensation has been demonstrated to enhance heat transfer, anti-icing, and self-cleaning efficiency and is governed by the theoretical inertial-capillary scaled jumping speed (U). When two droplets coalesce, the experimentally measured jumping speed (Uexp) is fundamentally limited by the internal fluid dynamics during the coalescence process (Uexp 2) coalescence as an avenue to break the two-droplet speed limit. Using side-view and top-view high-speed imaging to study more than 1000 jumping events on a copper oxide nanostructured superhydrophobic surface, we verify that droplet jumping occurs as a result of three fundamentally different mechanisms: (1) coalescence between two droplets, (2) coalescence among more than two droplets (multidroplet), and (3) coalescence between one or more droplets on the surface and a returning droplet that has already departed (multihop). We measured droplet-jumping speeds for a wide range of droplet radii (5-50 μm) and demonstrated that while the two-droplet capillary-to-inertial energy conversion mechanism is not identical to that of multidroplet jumping, speeds above the theoretical two-droplet limit (>0.23U) can be achieved. However, we discovered that multihop coalescence resulted in drastically reduced jumping speeds (≪0.23U) due to adverse momentum contributions from returning droplets. To quantify the impact of enhanced jumping speed on heat-transfer performance, we developed a condensation critical heat flux model to show that modest jumping speed enhancements of 50% using multidroplet jumping can enhance performance by up to 40%. Our results provide a starting point for the design of enhanced-performance jumping-droplet surfaces for industrial applications.
Construction of US Space Deterrence Force Revealed in “Schriever” Exercises

This paper provides an overview of the US "Schriever" space combat exercise and discusses five areas where the US military strengthens its space deterrent force.
Analysis on health quality of the distilled liquor in little workshop in Baokang county,Hubei

Objective:To know the health quality of the distilled liquor made by the little workshop and provide a basis to strengthen supervision of the distilled liquor made by the little workshop.Methods:The health quality of the distilled liquor made from 2005 to 2010 was analyzed by statistics and evaluated according to "Hygienic standard for distilled liquor and formulated liquor",sample examination was made on sense organ,ethanol concentration,methanol,fusel oil,lead,cyanide,manganese.Resuts:425 distilled liquor samples were examined in total from 2005 to 2010,95 unqualified cases were all from 395 samples made by little workshop.Conclusion:All the unqualified cases were made by the little workshop.The unqualified items were sense organ,methanol,fusel oil.Though according to the NO.2 modification list made in 2007,fusel oil was not in the surveillance,more attention still should be paid to the potential problems it may cause.
Uncertainty Quantification of Parameters in SBVPs Using Stochastic Basis and Multi-scale Domain Decomposition

Quantifying uncertainty effects of coefficients that exhibit heterogeneity at multiple scales is among many outstanding challenges in subsurface flow models. Typically, the coefficients are modeled as functions of random variables governed by certain statistics. To quantify their uncertainty in the form of statistics (e.g., average fluid pressure or concentration) MC methods have been used. In a separate direction, multi-scale numerical methods have been developed to efficiently capture spatial heterogeneity that otherwise would be intractable with standard numerical techniques. Since heterogeneity of individual realizations can drastically differ, a direct use of multi-scale methods in MC simulations is problematic. Furthermore, MC methods are known to be very expensive as a lot of samples are required to adequately characterize the random component of the solution. In this study, we utilize a stochastic representation method that exploits the solution structure of the random process in order to construct a problem dependent stochastic basis. Using this stochastic basis representation a set of coupled yet deterministic equations is constructed. To reduce the computational cost of solving the coupled system, we develop a multi-scale domain decomposition method utilizing Robin transmission conditions. In the proposed method, enrichment of the solution space can be performed at multiple levels that offer a balance between computational cost, and accuracy of the approximate solution.
Mentoring Moral Courage: Resources in Liberation Ethics, Community Service, and the Social Commitment of the Academy

The essay argues that resources in Scripture, tradition, and social theory are important but insufficient to the task of teaching social ethics. Liberation ethics promotes not only diverse epistemologies to evaluate the structures that mediate social relations, but also moral courage to execute social responsibility. Given this agenda, teaching social ethics also requires community-based learning experiences, democratic classrooms, and the social commitment of the academy. Drawing on student writing and the example of the author's own academic institution, the essay argues that multiple resources and sites are needed to educate students in ethical theory and moral courage.
The changing shape of Northern Hemisphere summer temperature distributions

The occurrence of recent summer temperature extremes in the midlatitudes has raised questions about whether and how the distributions of summer temperature are changing. While it is clear that in most regions the average temperature is increasing, there is less consensus regarding the presence or nature of changes in the shape of the distributions, which can influence the probability of extreme events. Using data from over 4000 weather stations in the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily database, we quantify the changes in daily maximum and minimum temperature distributions for peak summer in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes during 1980–2015 using quantile regression. A large majority (87–88%) of the trends across percentiles and stations can be explained by a shift of the distributions with no change in shape. The remaining variability is summarized through projections onto orthogonal basis functions that are closely related to changes in variance, skewness, and kurtosis. North America and Eurasia show significant shifts in the estimated distributions of daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Although no general change in summer variance is found, variance has regionally increased in Eurasia and decreased in most of North America. Changes in shape that project onto the skewness and kurtosis basis functions have a much smaller spatial scale and are generally insignificant.
Impact of computerized prescriber order entry on medication errors at an acute tertiary care hospital

The authors analyzed medication errors documented in a hospital's database of clinical interventions as a continuous quality improvement activity. They compared the number of errors reported prior to and after computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) was implemented in the hospital. Results indicated that in the first 12 months of CPOE, overall medication errors were reduced by more than 40%, incomplete orders declined by more than 70%, and incorrect orders decreased by at least 45%. Illegible orders were virtually eliminated but the level of medication errors categorized by drug therapy problems remained significantly unchanged. The study underscores the positive impact of CPOE on medication safety and reemphasizes the need for proactive clinical interventions by pharmacists.
Languaging Everyday Life in Classrooms

We explore how the languaging of everyday life in classrooms promulgates conceptions of personhood. We use the term “languaging” to argue for a shift from conceptions of language as a noun to langu...
Some Special Continuous Distributions

A number of densities, by virtue of their popularity in modeling or because of their special theoretical properties, are considered to be special. In this chapter, we present a collection of these densities with their basic properties.We discuss, when suitable, their moments, the form of the CDF, the mgf, shape and modal properties, and interesting inequalities. Classic references to standard continuous distributions are Johnson et al. (1994) and Kendall and Stuart (1976); Everitt (1998) contains many unusual facts. The normal distribution is treated separately in the next chapter because of its unique importance in statistics and probability.
Utility of Computed Tomography versus Abdominal Ultrasound Examination to Identify Iliosacral Lymphadenomegaly in Dogs with Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac.

Background Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac (AGAAS) is associated with high rates of iliosacral lymph node metastasis, which may influence treatment and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) recently has been shown to be more sensitive than abdominal ultrasound examination (AUS) in affected patients. Objective To compare the rate of detection of iliosacral lymphadenomegaly between AUS and computed tomography (CT) in dogs with AGAAS. Animals Cohort A: A total of 30 presumed normal dogs. Cohort B: A total of 20 dogs with AGAAS that underwent AUS and CT. Methods Using cohort A, mean normalized lymph node : aorta (LN : AO) ratios were established for medial iliac, internal iliac, and sacral lymph nodes. The CT images in cohort B then were reviewed retrospectively and considered enlarged if their LN : AO ratio measured 2 standard deviations above the mean normalized ratio for that particular node in cohort A. Classification and visibility of lymph nodes identified on AUS were compared to corresponding measurements obtained on CT. Results Computed tomography identified lymphadenomegaly in 13 of 20 AGAAS dogs. Of these 13 dogs, AUS correctly identified and detected all enlarged nodes in only 30.8%, and either misidentified or failed to detect additional enlarged nodes in the remaining dogs. Despite limitations in identifying enlargement in all affected lymph nodes, AUS identified at least 1 enlarged node in 100% of affected dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Abdominal ultrasound examination is an effective screening test for lymphadenomegaly in dogs with AGAAS, but CT should be considered in any patient in which an additional metastatic site would impact therapeutic planning.
A miniature electron ionization source fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with integrated carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission cathodes and low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)

Abstract The use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) components in miniature mass spectrometers is particularly attractive due to their small size and scalable manufacturing capability. Our group has pioneered the development of miniature electron ionization sources combining MEMS fabricated structures with integrated carbon nanotube (CNT) cold-cathode field emitters. However, until now they have been of limited use due to the limited ability to direct the ions into a mass analyzer. In this work, we design a miniature ion source using a microfabricated MEMS device and a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) carrier that includes electrical connections, ion optics for directing ions out of the device, and a sample inlet. We present the design and fabrication of the ion source; simulate the energy and angular dispersion; and experimentally determine the energy and angular dispersion.
Copper Deficiency Anemia Is Not Uncommon in a Hematology Practice.

Copper deficiency is a rare cause of anemia. Copper deficiency anemia has been described in patients on total parenteral or forced enteral nutrition deficient in copper, post gastric resection, short bowel syndrome (from prior intestinal resections or gastric by-pass) or malabsorptive disease states such as Crohn’s or celiac disease, and in patients taking excessive amounts of zinc. We have shown that in the NHANES II adult population, low copper levels are associated with increased risk of unexplained anemia (Molnar et al., abstract submitted at this meeting). We recently started to routinely check serum copper levels in patients referred to our hematology clinic for evaluation of unexplained anemia. Between December 2003 and March 2005, we found seven patients who had lower than normal copper levels and unexplained anemia. Six out of the seven patients were treated with copper supplementation and had improvement in their hematological abnormalities. Most patients had undergone an expensive, unproductive diagnostic evaluation before copper deficiency was diagnosed. In five of the seven patients, the anemia was severe. Two patients were red cell transfusion-dependent. Six out of seven patients had associated granulocytopenia. Even in the presence of severe granulocytopenia, recurrent, clinically significant infections were rare. Thrombocytopenia was present in two patients. Peripheral blood findings were non-specific. Bone marrow findings varied with two patients demonstrating normal marrow histology, two patients with hypercellular marrow, one exhibited myeloid maturation arrest, and the remaining two patients demonstrating frank dysplastic changes with ring sideroblasts. Five out of seven patients had cytogenetic examination of the bone marrow revealing a normal karyotype. The response to copper treatment was frequently rapid, and improvement in anemia and neutropenia was evident within a few weeks. The characteristics of our patient population are outlined in the table below. In conclusion, copper deficiency anemia is not uncommon in a hematology practice. Copper deficiency should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained anemia associated with neutropenia, a history of malabsorption, gastrointestinal resection or gastric bypass, nephrotic syndrome, or dysplastic bone marrow changes with a normal karyotype analysis. The details of clinical and pathological features of the patients will be presented in detail at the meeting.
Effect of hypoxia on AICAR-induced AMPK activation and cytotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

2348 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in children. Despite significant progress in the treatment of ALL, a large number of children continue to relapse and for them, outcome remains poor. Therefore, search for novel treatment strategies is warranted. In our search for novel therapeutic approaches, we identified the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of bioenergetics in eukaryotic cells, as a potential target for ALL therapy due to its effects on cell growth, proliferation and cell cycle regulation, and its signaling crosstalk with critical metabolic pathways such as the insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades. Considering that acute leukemias develop in the bone marrow, a hypoxic microenvironment with an oxygen tension (pO2) under 5%, we examined the effect of hypoxia on AMPK signaling and its effects on ALL cell proliferation and survival. The ALL cell models CCRF-CEM (T-lineage) and NALM6 (Bp-lineage) were treated with agents known to activate AMPK (AICAR), or inhibit either ATP synthesis (2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and oligomycin) or mTOR (rapamycin) and incubated under hypoxic (pO2
Site Quality in Relation to Damage by Locust Borer, Megacyllene robiniae Forster in Black Locust

Forty-three study sites within eight counties in Maryland were utilized in an investigation of Site Index in relation to attack by the locust borer, Megacyllene robiniae (Forster), on the black locus tree, Robinia pseudoacacia L. In addition, several other factors related to borer attack intensity were tested for relationship with Site Index of black locust. Site Index was found to be negatively correlated with borer tunnels per tree, i.e., sites with higher Site Indices had statistically fewer borer attacks per tree. Positive correlation was also inferred between Site Index, borer attacks, and (1) scarring from previous year's borer attacks, (2) herbaceous biomass within-site, (3) elevation above sea level, (4) soil factors, including pH, %sand, silt, and clay.
The Dakota Access Pipeline, Environmental Injustice, and U.S. Colonialism

Starting in April 2016, thousands of people, led by Standing Rock Sioux Tribal members, gathered at camps to stop the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) — creating the #NoDAPL movement. I am concerned with how critics of #NoDAPL often focus on defending the pipeline’s safety precautions or the many attempts the Army Corps of Engineers made at consulting the Tribe. Yet critics rarely engage what LaDonna Brave Bull Allard calls “the larger story.” To me, as an Indigenous supporter of #NoDAPL, one thread of the larger story concerns how DAPL is an injustice against the Tribe. The type of injustice is one that many other Indigenous peoples can identify with — U.S. settler colonialism. I seek to show how there are many layers to the settler colonial injustice behind DAPL that will take me, by the end of this essay, from U.S. disrespect of treaty promises in the 19th century to environmental sustainability and climate change in the 21st century.
Complexity in Matuyama–Brunhes polarity transitions from North Atlantic IODP/ODP deep-sea sites

Abstract Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 303 to the North Atlantic provided 16 records of the Matuyama–Brunhes polarity transition (MBT), based on u-channel and discrete samples, from holes drilled at three sites (Sites U1304, U1305 and U1306) that have mean Brunhes sedimentation rates of 16–18 cm/kyr. The MBT occurs during the transition from marine isotope stage (MIS) 19c to MIS 18e, with mid-point at ∼773 ka, and a transition duration of ∼8 kyr. Combining the new MBT records, including one new record for the top Jaramillo, with previously published North Atlantic MBT records (ODP Sites 983, 984 and 1063) yields a total of more than 20 high-sedimentation-rate polarity transition records. The MBT yields a repetitive pattern of transitional field states as virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) move from high southern latitudes to loop over the Pacific, group in NE Asia, and transit into the mid-latitude South Atlantic before reaching high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The VGPs for the top Jaramillo transition feature a loop over the Pacific, then a NE Asia group before transit over the Indian Ocean to high southerly latitudes. The North Atlantic MBT records described here contrast with longitudinally-constrained VGP paths for the MBT, indicating that relatively low sedimentation rate (∼4 cm/kyr) records of the MBT are heavily smoothed by the remanence acquisition process and do not adequately represent the MBT field. The VGPs at the MBT and top Jaramillo, as measured in the North Atlantic, have similarities with excursion (Iceland Basin) VGP paths, and were apparently guided by maxima in downward vertical flux similar to those seen in the modern non-dipole (ND) field, implying longevity in ND features through time.
The Magic of Hope: Hope Mediates the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement.

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined whether hope partially mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and academic achievement. Guided by recent theoretical formulations about social class and the social cognitive process, in Study 1 a mediational pathway from SES to academic achievement via hope was documented in a diverse sample of adolescents. The mediational pathway was replicated in Study 2 in a minority sample of high school students. In both studies, hope was found to partially mediate the relationship between SES and grade point average. In addition, the unique contribution of hope to academic achievement replicated across the 2 studies, indicating that the additional stressors and challenges associated with being a minority did not affect the mediation. These results have implications for achievement gap interventions.
Chromosomal passenger complex hydrodynamics suggests chaperoning of the inactive state by nucleoplasmin/nucleophosmin

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a conserved, essential regulator of cell division. As such, significant anti-cancer drug development efforts have been focused on targeting it, most notably by inhibiting its AURKB kinase subunit. The CPC is activated by AURKB-catalyzed autophosphorylation on multiple subunits, but how this regulates CPC interactions with other mitotic proteins remains unclear. We investigated the hydrodynamic behavior of the CPC in Xenopus laevis egg cytosol using sucrose gradient sedimentation and in HeLa cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We found that autophosphorylation of the CPC decreases its sedimentation coefficient in egg cytosol and increases its diffusion coefficient in live cells, indicating a decrease in mass. Using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry and immunoblots, we discovered that inactive, unphosphorylated CPC interacts with nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin proteins, which are known to oligomerize into pentamers and decamers. Autophosphorylation of the CPC causes it to dissociate from nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin. We propose that nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin complexes serve as chaperones that negatively regulate the CPC and/or stabilize its inactive form, preventing CPC autophosphorylation and recruitment to chromatin and microtubules in mitosis.
The buffering capacity of stems: genetic architecture of nonstructural carbohydrates in cultivated Asian rice, Oryza sativa

Harnessing stem carbohydrate dynamics in grasses offers an opportunity to help meet future demands for plant-based food, fiber and fuel production, but requires a greater understanding of the genetic controls that govern the synthesis, interconversion and transport of such energy reserves. We map out a blueprint of the genetic architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) stem nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) at two critical developmental time-points using a subpopulation-specific genome-wide association approach on two diverse germplasm panels followed by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in a biparental population. Overall, 26 QTL are identified; three are detected in multiple panels and are associated with starch-at-maturity, sucrose-at-maturity and NSC-at-heading. They tag OsHXK6 (rice hexokinase), ISA2 (rice isoamylase) and a tandem array of sugar transporters. This study provides the foundation for more in-depth molecular investigation to validate candidate genes underlying rice stem NSC and informs future comparative studies in other agronomically vital grass species.
Abstract 356: Scl Represses Cardiogenesis via Distant Enhancers during Hemogenic Endothelium Specification

Understanding the mechanisms directing mesoderm specification holds a great potential to advance the development of cell-based therapies for cardiovascular and blood disorders. The bHLH transcription factor Scl is known as the master regulator of the hematopoietic fate. We recently discovered that, in addition to its critical function in promoting the establishment of hemogenic endothelium during hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HS/PC) development, Scl is also required to repress cardiomyogenesis in endothelium in hematopoietic tissues and endocardium in the heart. However, the mechanisms for the cardiac repression have remained unknown. Using ChIP-sequencing and microarray analysis of Flk+ mesoderm differentiated from mouse ES cells, we show that Scl both directly activates a broad gene regulatory network required for hemogenic endothelium and HS/PC development (e.g. Runx1, cMyb, Lyl1, Mef2C, Sox7 etc.), and directly represses transcriptional regulators required for cardiogenesis (e.g. Gata4, Gata6, Myocd, etc.) and mesoderm development (Eomes, Mixl1, Etv2, etc.). Repression of cardiac and mesodermal programs occurs during a short developmental window through Scl binding to distant enhancers, while binding to hematopoietic regulators extends throughout HS/PC and red blood cell development and encompasses both distant and proximal binding sites. We also discovered that, surprisingly, Scl complex partners Gata 1 and 2 are dispensable for hematopoietic vs. cardiac specification and Scl binding to majority of its target genes. Nevertheless, Gata factors co-operate with Scl to activate selected transcription factors that facilitate HS/PC emergence from hemogenic endothelium. These results denote Scl as a true master regulator of hematopoietic vs. cardiac fate choice and suggest a mechanism by which lineage-specific bHLH factors direct the divergence of competing fates.
Old Forms, New Visions: New Directions in United States Urban History

I n the fall of 1990, about 250 urban historians?myself, Philip Scranton, and Lizabeth Cohen among them?came together in Chicago. One purpose of the meeting was retrospective, to commemorate the golden anniversary of the publi cation of Arthur Schlesingers pathbreaking article, "The City in History." The other was, if not prospective, at least firmly grounded in the present: to assess the state of research and writing in urban history.1 For at least this participant, the conference exhibited a surprising duality, perhaps even a dichotomy On the one hand, in sev eral of the plenary sessions, distinguished practitioners of urban history expressed keen disappointment (and a few even evidenced a sense of genuine angst), over the loss of a unified focus in the field and its ostensible inability to develop a coherent new theoretical approach. On the other hand, little of that sense of near crises found its way to the smaller sessions, in which scholars engaged spiritedly in discussions of their own research. Participants in most cases integrated established approaches into fresh subject matter, or forthrightly challenged die old ways with out losing sight of the city as the focus of their concern.2 In spite of an initial inclination to dismiss the anxieties about die lack of dieo retical unity, and to concentrate instead on the strengdi of die new research, I have since come to take the former as seriously as the latter. Bodi die disappointment and the excitement, I believe, genuinely represent the current state of urban his tory. At the same time, this tendency to decry the dissolution of what once appeared to be a unified field seems to suggest?erroneously, in my view?diat urban history has somehow failed. The old unity has dissolved, it is clear, but I do not believe that urban history has failed. Instead, its successes have come in a form quite different from what has been expected in die sixties and early seventies.
Household Dynamics of Wildlife Value Orientations

ABSTRACTWildlife value orientations (WVOs) shape attitudes and behavior toward wildlife. Although demographic correlates of WVOs are well established, these relationships are largely unknown among children and within family units. The only previous study addressing these topics used fathers’ perceptions as proxies for family member WVOs. We surveyed North Carolina households (n = 136) to test hypotheses regarding whether individuals can assess household WVOs and what variables shape WVOs within households. Fathers and mothers accurately assessed WVOs of their children. Membership in a household was the most important predictor of an individual’s WVOs (accounting for 37% [ρ = .37] of the variance predicted by the model). Younger age, being female, and lack of participation in hunting were associated with more protectionist WVOs. These results provide the first household level support for divergence between generations from utilitarian toward protectionist WVOs. Our results suggest that household unit may b...
Deconstructing the Appeal of Toxic Leaders

The results of the 2016 United States presidential election continue to puzzle many observers searching for a mechanism to explain the appeal of such an atypical candidate. Indeed, several authors have observed that Donald Trump displays behaviors that are associated with a narcissistic personality disorder (http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/28/opinions/trump-campaign-narcissism-lipman/; McAdams, The mind of Donald Trump, The Atlantic, 2016; https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/22/is-donald-trump-a-textbook-narcissist/?utm_term=.80214dd189cd). These analyses focus on who the leader is rather than why followers endorse such a leader. Likewise, leadership researchers have begun to explore the “dark side” of leadership (Lipman-Blumen, The allure of toxic leaders: why we follow destructive bosses and politicians and how we can survive them, Oxford University Press, 2005; Kellerman, Bad leadership, Harvard Business School Press, 2004). Here, I argue that a focus on followers provides a better understanding of the appeal of toxic leaders. The appeal of toxic leaders stems from several factors, including implicit leadership theories, parental models of leadership, collusive relationships, as well as denigration out-groups. Taken together, followers play a crucial role in the legitimization of toxic leaders.
The death and life of great American cities / The economy of cities

I, for one, am certainly indebted to Jane Jacobs. The paper that essentially gave me tenure and the one that got me promoted to full professor both reference Jane Jacobs as a source of inspiration ...
A teleost androgen promotes development of primary ovarian follicles in coho salmon and rapidly alters the ovarian transcriptome

Recent studies using several teleost models have revealed that androgens increase the size of previtellogenic (primary and/or early secondary) ovarian follicles. To explore our hypothesis that androgens drive the development of primary follicles into early secondary follicles, and to determine the mechanisms underlying these androgenic effects, we exposed juvenile coho salmon to near-physiological and relatively sustained levels of the nonaromatizable androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). This resulted in significant growth of primary ovarian follicles after 10 and 20 days, with follicles after 20 days displaying a morphological phenotype characteristic of early secondary follicles (presence of cortical alveoli). Utilizing the same experimental approach, we then analyzed how 11-KT rapidly altered the ovarian transcriptome after 1 and 3 days of treatment. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 69 (day 1) and 1,022 (day 3) contiguous sequences (contigs) were differentially expressed relative to controls. The differentially expressed contigs mapped to genes including those encoding proteins involved in gonadotropin, steroid hormone, and growth factor signaling, and in cell and ovarian development, including genes with putative androgen-response elements. Biological functions and canonical pathways identified as potentially altered by 11-KT include those involved in ovarian development, tissue differentiation and remodeling, and lipid metabolism. We conclude that androgens play a major role in stimulating primary ovarian follicle development and the transition into secondary growth.
The death of big software

We are past the tipping point in the transition away from 20th-century big software architectures.
Is development of postoperative venous thromboembolism related to thromboprophylaxis use? A case-control study in the Veterans Health Administration.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Observational studies continue to report thromboprophylaxis underuse for postoperative pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis (pPE/DVT) despite the long-standing existence of prevention guidelines. However, data are limited on whether thromboprophylaxis use differs between patients developing pPE/DVT versus those who do not or on why prophylaxis is withheld. Methods Administrative data (2002–2007) from 28 Veterans Health Administration hospitals were screened for discharges with (1) pPE/DVT as flagged by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicator software and (2) pharmacoprophylaxis-recommended procedures, and the medical records were reviewed to ascertain true pPE/DVT cases. Controls were selected by matching cases by hospital, age, sex, diagnosis-related group, and predicted probability for developing pPE/DVT, and who underwent a pharmacoprophylaxis-recommended procedure. Records were assessed for "appropriate pharmacoprophylaxis use," defined primarily per American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines, and reasons for anticoagulant nonuse. Results The 116 case-control pairs were similar in terms of demographics, surgery type, ACCP risk category, and appropriate pharmacoprophylaxis rates overall. Of the highest-risk patients, respective pharmacoprophylaxis rates among cases and controls were 88% versus 92% among hip/knee replacements and 31% versus 48% among cancer patients. Of the cases and controls who did not receive appropriate pharmacoprophylaxis, only about 25% had documented contraindications. Reviewers identified contraindications in 14% of cases and 9% of controls. Conclusions Similarities in preventive pPE/DVT practice between cases and controls suggest that pPE/DVTs occur despite implementation of guideline-adherent practices.
Subchondral trabecular bone integrity changes following ACL injury and reconstruction: a cohort study with a nested, matched case-control analysis.

Summary Objective There is limited information regarding changes in bone architecture following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in tibial fractal signature in the medial and lateral compartments following ACL injury and describe how these values change following ACL-reconstruction and return to activity. Design This was a prospective cohort study with a nested case–control analysis. ACL-injured subjects and matched controls were evaluated at pre-surgical baseline and post ACL reconstruction follow-up at a mean of 46 months. Serial Fractal Dimensions (FD) of tibial subchondral bone architecture were calculated in medial and lateral regions of interest in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Results In the medial and lateral compartments, there were significant differences in the vertical FD signature for ACL-injured subjects at final follow-up, when compared to the contralateral healthy tibia (medial P P P = 0.01; lateral P P = 0.003) and the controls ( P Conclusion At 46-month follow-up, FD profiles are significantly different, and show an overall lower FD signature, for ACL-injured knees when compared to the contralateral healthy knee and uninjured controls. Additionally, this study provided the first side-to-side symmetry data of medial and lateral FD values in healthy controls.
Sex Hormones and Immunosenescence

Sex hormones impact a number of aspects of immunity. As a result of the aging process, dramatic changes occur in the endocrine system, including the levels of sex hormones. Thus, it is possible that the hormonal environment may play a role in the effects of aging on normal aspects of the aging immune system, as well as in immune responses to injury and infection. Although much has been discovered regarding age-related changes in the immune and the endocrine systems, the exact mechanism of the interplay between these factors has yet to be resolved. In this chapter, we explore each of these areas and investigate how sex hormones may be an important component to immunosenescence. Finally, both beneficial and adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy on the aging process are discussed. As age and gender are potential modifiers of the disease process, therapies targeted to the specific hormonal and immune status of an individual may prove to be most beneficial for optimal clinical outcomes.
16α-Hydroxy-(–)-kauranoic Acid: A Selectively Cytotoxic Diterpene from Annona bullata

Using brine shrimp lethality to direct fractionation, extracts of the bark of Annona bullata Rich. (Annonaceae) have yielded 16α-hydroxy-(–)-kauranoic acid as a bioactive plant constituent. This previously known diterpene showed significant (ED50 8.25 × 10−2 µg/ml) and selective cytotoxicity against A-549 (lung) cells in our panel of human tumor cells.
Mechanisms of Premature Cell Senescence

Cell senescence and malignant transformation are intricately and reciprocally related. The search is on for the ways to induce cancer cell senescence; this explains the growing interest in mechanisms inducing premature cell senescence. Despite many similarities between replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), the major distinction between the two lies in the fact that the replicative senescence is almost exclusively associated with the attrition of telomeres, whereas the SIPS is not. In the following pages we shall outline some molecular signatures of SIPS (including Wnt pathway, telomere-independent mechanism driven by a member of polycomb group histone methyltransferase, caveolin-1, sirtuins, and micro-RNA pathways, among others). Further on we shall describe the role of lysosomal dysfunction in the development of SIPS and sirtuin depletion via released cathepsins. The relevance of sirtuins in many cancers is briefly outlined. We summarize the chapter by suggesting several pathways that could be utilized for induction of SIPS in cancer therapy.
Instability and Volatility of Foreign Exchange Rates

It was World War I that shattered the Victorian-Edwardian dreamworld of continuous progress in a stable world order. No greater symbol of that order existed than the international gold standard of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with its inherent structure of fixed exchange rates, all overseen by a dominant Bank of England in a dominant Great Britain. Such an order could support the gradualistic impulses of Alfred Marshall in his avid declaration from 1890 onward that “natura non facit saltum.” This exchange rate stability provided the essential anchor for such a view in the face of the numerous financial panics that occurred throughout this period, as well as the deep depressions of the 1870s and 1890s.
Entwicklung eines Gesichtsfelddefektes und eines zystoiden Makulaödems nach radiärer Optikoneurotomie (RON)

Problemstellung Bericht uber einen Patienten, der im postoperativen Verlauf nach radiarer Optikoneurotomie (RON) einen Gesichtsfelddefekt sowie ein zystoides Makulaodem entwickelte.
Non-smooth Spatial and Temporal Substitutions in Impact Dynamics

This paper presents an overview of physical ideas and mathematical methods for implementing non-smooth and discontinuous substitutions in dynamical systems. A general purpose of such substitutions is to bring the differential equations of motion to the form, which is convenient for further use of analytical and numerical methods of analyses. Three different approaches are discussed as follows: positional coordinate transformation, state variables transformation, and temporal transformations. Also a new type of substitutions eliminating both infinite and step-wise discontinuities and thus completely smoothing the system is suggested. Different illustrating examples are introduced.