cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain soil physical properties: Implications for site-specific management

Abstract Our objectives were to describe the field-scale horizontal and vertical spatial variability of soil physical properties and their relations to soil map units in typical southeastern USA coastal plain soils, and to identify the soil properties, or clusters of properties, that defined most of the variability within the field. The study was conducted on a 12-ha field in Kinston, NC. A 1:2400 scale soil survey had delineated three soil map units in the field: Norfolk loamy sand, Goldsboro loamy sand, and Lynchburg sandy loam. These are representative of millions of hectares of farmland in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern USA. Sixty soil cores were taken to ∼ 1-m depth, sectioned into five depth increments, and analyzed for: soil texture as percentage sand, silt, and clay; soil water content (SWC) at − 33 and − 1500 kPa; plant available water (PAW); saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat); bulk density (BD); and total porosity. A penetrometer was used to measure cone index (CI) at each sample location. Variography, two mixed-model analyses, and principal components analysis were conducted. Results indicated that soil physical properties could be divided into two categories. The first category described the majority of the within-field variability and included particle size distribution (soil texture), SWC, PAW, and CI. These characteristics showed horizontal spatial structure that was captured by soil map units and especially by the division between sandy loams and finer loam soils. The second class of variables included BD, total porosity, and Ksat. These properties were not spatially correlated in the field and were unrelated to soil map unit. These findings support the hypothesis that coastal plain soil map units that delineate boundaries between sandy loams versus finer loam soils may be useful for developing management zones for site-specific crop management.
Nuclear Localization of Enzymatically Active Green Fluorescent Protein-CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase α Fusion Protein Is Independent of Cell Cycle Conditions and Cell Types

To address the recent controversy about the subcellular localization of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CTα), this study was designed to visualize green fluorescent protein (GFP)·CTα fusion proteins directly and continuously under different conditions of cell cycling and in various cell lines. The GFP·CTα fusion proteins were enzymatically active and capable of rescuing mutant cells with a temperature-sensitive CT. The expressed GFP·CTα fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in all cell lines and required the N-terminal nuclear targeting sequence. Serum depletion/replenishment did not cause shuttling of CTα between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Moreover, the subcellular localization of CTα was examined continuously through all stages of the cell cycle in synchronized cells. No shuttling of CTα between the nucleus and cytoplasm was observed at any stage of the cell cycle. Stimulation of cells with oleate had no effect on the localization of CTα. The GFP·CTα lacking the nuclear targeting sequence stayed exclusively in the cytoplasm. Regardless of their localization, the GFP·CTα fusion proteins were equally active for phosphatidylcholine synthesis and mutant rescue. We conclude that the nuclear localization of CTα is a biological event independent of cell cycle in most mammalian cells and is unrelated to activation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
Redistribution of macrophage cholesteryl ester hydrolase from cytoplasm to lipid droplets upon lipid loading

Hydrolysis of intracellular cholesteryl esters (CEs) represents the first step in the removal of cholesterol from lipid-laden foam cells associated with atherosclerotic lesions. Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) catalyzes this reaction, and we recently cloned the cDNA for the human macrophage CEH and demonstrated increased mobilization of intracellular CE droplets by CEH overexpression. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that for CE hydrolysis, CEH must become associated with the surface of the cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Our data show the redistribution of CEH from cytosol to lipid droplets upon lipid loading of human THP-1 macrophages. Depletion of triacylglycerol (TG) by incubation with the acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor Triacsin D had no effect on CEH association with the lipid droplets, suggesting that CEH associates with mixed (CE + TG) as well as TG-depleted CE droplets. However, CEH had 2.5-fold higher activity when mixed droplets were used as substrate in an in vitro assay, consistent with the reported higher cholesterol efflux from cells containing mixed isotropic droplets. Perilipin as well as adipophilin, two lipid droplet-associated proteins, were also present on the lipid droplets in THP-1 macrophages. In conclusion, CEH associates with its intracellular substrate (lipid droplets) and hydrolyzes CE more efficiently from mixed droplets.
Plasticity of cardiovascular function in snapping turtle embryos (Chelydra serpentina): Chronic hypoxia alters autonomic regulation and gene expression

Reptile embryos tolerate large decreases in the concentration of ambient oxygen. However, we do not fully understand the mechanisms that underlie embryonic cardiovascular short- or long-term respon...
Odor-associative Learning and Emotion: Effects on Perception and Behavior

Associative learning, the process by which one event or item comesto be linked to another through experience, is critically involved inhuman cognition and behavior. It has been proposed that associativelearning principles can explain human perceptual and cognitive–behavioral responses to odors (Engen, 1991; Herz, 2001). Specific-ally, it is hypothesized that odor hedonic perception and odor-related behavior results from a learned association between an odorand the emotional context in which that odor was first encountered.The process is proposed to operate and produce effects as follows:(i) the emotion paired with an odor becomes associated to the odorand imbues it with meaning, thus influencing hedonic perception;and (ii) an odor can elicit the emotion associated with its prior expo-sure and have a general impact on mood and mood-related behavior.Thus, emotional odor-associative learning can explain both howodors come to be liked or disliked as well as how their presence canelicit emotion and influence thinking and behavior.A number of studies have shown that hedonic responses to odorsare learned through specific experiences. Mennella and colleagues(Mennella and Beauchamp, 1991; Mennella
Muscle reflex in heart failure: The role of exercise training

Exercise evokes sympathetic activation and increases blood pressure and heart rate (HR). Two neural mechanisms that cause the exercise-induced increase in sympathetic discharge are central command and the exercise pressor reflex (EPR). The former suggests that a volitional signal emanating from central motor areas leads to increased sympathetic activation during exercise. The latter is a reflex originating in skeletal muscle which contributes significantly to the regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during exercise. The afferent arm of this reflex is composed of metabolically sensitive (predominantly group IV, C-fibers) and mechanically sensitive (predominately group III, A-delta fibers) afferent fibers. Activation of these receptors and their associated afferent fibers reflexively adjusts sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity during exercise. In heart failure, the sympathetic activation during exercise is exaggerated, which potentially increases cardiovascular risk and contributes to exercise intolerance during physical activity in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. A therapeutic strategy for preventing or slowing the progression of the exaggerated EPR may be of benefit in CHF patients. Long-term exercise training (ExT), as a non-pharmacological treatment for CHF increases exercise capacity, reduces sympatho-excitation and improves cardiovascular function in CHF animals and patients. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ExT and the mechanisms that contribute to the exaggerated EPR in the CHF state.
Outpatient Management of Phimosis Following Newborn Circumcision

ABSTRACTPurpose: We reviewed our experience in treating patients with a trapped penis due to phimosis following newborn circumcision. The outcome of treatment of this condition at the outpatient clinic was examined. Possible etiological factors leading to this complication were determined.Methods: A total of 521 pediatric patients underwent Gomco circumcision while under local anesthesia at our outpatient clinic between 1994 and 1999. Phimosis was noted in 15 patients (2.9%), and an additional 13 patients were referred to our clinic with phimosis after undergoing circumcision elsewhere. These 28 patients underwent treatment for the phimosis at the outpatient clinic. The phimotic ring was manually dilated with a fine hemostat. Careful traction with sterile gauze was then used to reduce the phimotic band below the glans penis. No evidence of glans ischemia was noted. Mild edema of the pericoronal skin collar was common. Cases referred after age 6 months or those weighing more than 14 pounds were treated as ...
Pharmacogenomic testing: Relevance in medical practice: Why drugs work in some patients but not in others

Genetics may account for much of the variability in our patients’ responses to drug therapies. This article offers the clinician an up-to-date overview of pharmacogenomic testing, discussing implications and limitations of emerging validated tests relevant to the use of warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), statins, tamoxifen (Nolvadex), codeine, and psychotropic drugs. It also discusses the future role of pharmacogenomic testing in medicine.
Encapsulation of Pt(IV) Prodrugs within a Pt(II) Cage for Drug Delivery.

This report presents a novel strategy that facilitates delivery of multiple, specific payloads of Pt(IV) prodrugs using a well-defined supramolecular system. This delivery system comprises a hexanuclear Pt(II) cage that can host four Pt(IV) prodrug guest molecules. Relying on host–guest interactions between adamantyl units tethered to the Pt(IV) molecules and the cage, four prodrugs could be encapsulated within one cage. This host–guest complex, exhibiting a diameter of about 3 nm, has been characterized by detailed NMR spectroscopic measurements. Owing to the high positive charge, this nanostructure exhibits high cellular uptake. Upon entering cells and reacting with biological reductants such as ascorbic acid, the host–guest complex releases cisplatin, which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The fully assembled complex displays cytotoxicity comparable to that of cisplatin against a panel of human cancer cell lines, whereas the cage or the Pt(IV) guest alone exhibit lower cytotoxicity. These findings indicate the potential of utilising well-defined supramolecular constructs for the delivery of prodrug molecules.
Vestibular and Cochlear Systems

The eighth cranial nerve could, in a sense, be regarded as two separate nerves responsible for two different special senses. The vestibular portion of the nerve transmits information into the C.N.S. arising from receptors responsive to movement and gravitational force. The sense of hearing is of course the role of the cochlear nerve. Although the two parts of the eighth nerve have obviously different functions, there are several characteristics which both portions have in common. They are both special senses, their receptor structures are similar in some regard and the two divisions of the nerve are closely related to each other in their course from receptors to the brainstem.
The relative importance of sediment and water column supplies of nutrients to the growth and tissue nutrient content of the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis along an estuarine resource gradient

Large blooms of opportunistic green macroalgae such as Enteromorpha intestinalis are of ecological concern in estuaries worldwide. Macroalgae derive their nutrients from the water column but estuarine sediments may also be an important nutrient source. We hypothesized that the importance of these nutrient sources to E. intestinalis varies along a nutrient-resource gradient within an estuary. We tested this in experimental units constructed with water and sediments collected from 3 sites in Upper Newport Bay estuary, California, US, that varied greatly in water column nutrient concentrations. For each site there were three treatments: sediments + water; sediments + water + Enteromorpha intestinalis (algae); inert sand + water + algae. Water in units was exchanged weekly simulating low turnover characteristic of poorly flushed estuaries. The importance of the water column versus sediments as a source of nutrients to E. intestinalis varied with the magnitude of the different sources. When initial water column levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were low, estuarine sediments increased E. intestinalis growth and tissue nutrient content. In experimental units from sites where initial water column DIN was high, there was no effect of estuarine sediments on E. intestinalis growth or tissue N content. Salinity, however, was low in these units and may have inhibited growth. E. intestinalis growth and tissue P content were highest in units from the site with highest initial sediment nutrient content. Water column DIN was depleted each week of the experiment. Thus, the water column was a primary source of nutrients to the algae when water column nutrient supply was high, and the sediments supplemented nutrient supply to the algae when water column nutrient sources were low. Depletion of water column DIN in sediment + water units indicated that the sediments may have acted as a nutrient sink in the absence of macroalgae. Our data provide direct experimental evidence that macroalgae utilize and ecologically benefit from nutrients stored in estuarine sediments.
Effect of Growth Conditions on Structural and Electrical Properties of Ga-doped ZnO Films Grown by Plasma-assisted MBE

ZnO has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a material for transparent contacts in light emitters and adsorbers. ZnO films heavily doped with Ga (carrier concentration in the range of 10 20 - 10 21 cm -3 ) were grown on a-plane sapphire substrates by RF plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Oxygen pressure during growth (i.e. metal (Zn+Ga)–to–oxygen ratio) was found to have a crucial effect on structural, electrical, and optical properties of the ZnO:Ga films. As-grown layers prepared under metal-rich conditions exhibited resistivities below 3×10 -4 Ω-cm and an optical transparency exceeding 90% in the visible spectral range. In contrast, the films grown under the oxygen-rich conditions required thermal activation and showed inferior structural, electrical, and optical characteristics even after annealing.
Experimental investigation of transient multipath for objects above a periodic surface

An experimental investigation of the transient multipath phenomenon is undertaken by measuring the field scattered by a cylinder above a perfectly conducting sinusoidal surface. Measurements are made directly in the time domain using the reflectivity-arch range at Michigan State University. A detailed description of the measurement system is given and the calibration technique is outlined. Comparison with theory provides mutual validation of theory and experiment.
An uneasy truce: brokering collaborative knowledge building and commodity culture

This article provides an ethnographic case study of a genealogy and social media site, Geni.com, that has provided the structure and tools for collaborative knowledge building. To date, over seven million users have contributed to and constructed what is billed as the largest interconnected genealogical database in human history. The author examines this process as part of a new Web 2.0 paradigm for cultural, educational and business practices and focuses, in particular, upon the tensions and inherent contradictions that must be overcome if the corporate for-profit model might successfully be integrated with, and co-exist with, an open-source, participatory, user-led wiki model for collaborative knowledge-building (a wiki model). The article also provides insights on the construction of both a technological and human architecture for participatory involvement in knowledge building and illustrates a number of intercultural and ideological challenges that an enterprise may face as it expands into a global market and global community of users.
Observability and stabilization of the vibrating string equipped with bouncing point sensors and actuators

The issues of observability and stabilization are analysed for a vibrating string equipped, respectively, either with a point sensor measuring its displacement or a vertical tie-down viscous damper. It is well known that the aforementioned properties hold for the stationary devices of these types only when they are placed at the ‘irrational points’ of the string. The latter creates obvious difficulties in applications. In this article we discuss how mobile point sensors and dampers, bouncing in a rather simple fashion between any two points on the string, can be employed instead in a more ‘feasible and robust’ way. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positivist Dogmas, Rhetoric, and the Education Science Question

Explicit versions of positivism were cast off some time ago in philosophy, but a tacit form continues to thrive in education research, exemplified by the “new scientific orthodoxy” codified in the National Research Council’s Scientific Research in Education (2002) and reinforced in the American Educational Research Association’s Standards for Reporting on Empirical Social Science Research in AERA Publications (2006). The author rehearses previous critiques of positivist “dogmas” in education research and applies them to the new orthodoxy. Then, borrowing from the emergent field of the “rhetoric of science,” he explores how pursuit of the education science question has nourished a positivist conception of education research. He concludes by suggesting that the education science question should be reframed and briefly suggests how.
Measurement of |Vcb| with $\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow D^{*+} \ell^- \bar{\nu}$ at CLEO

We determine the CKM matrix element, |Vcb|, by measuring the differential decay rate of B→D*+lν as a function of w=vB · vD*. We extrapolate the decay rate to the kinematic point, w=1, where the form factor, ℱ(w), is accurately predicted by theory. We find ℱ(1)|Vcb|=0.0424±0.0018(stat.)±0.0019(syst.). Integration of the differential decay rate, dΓ/dw, yields the B→D*+lν branching fraction, ℬ(B→D*+lν)=(5.66±0.29±0.33)%. The data are derived from 3.3 million events collected by the CLEO detector at CESR.
What Price Grutter? We May Have Won the Battle, but Are We Losing the War?

Following the Supreme Court's decision in Grutter v. Bollinger, many proponents of race-based affirmative action viewed the Court's decision as a victory in the effort to provide minority students access to higher education opportunities. Indeed, the decision does succeed in opening colleges' and universities' doors to minority students by permitting university officials to consider applicants' race and ethnicity in their admissions decisions. Unfortunately, the decision also reaffirms the status quo as it relates to college and university methods for achieving racially and ethnically diverse student bodies - a status quo that arguably has neither produced optimal levels of diversity in higher education, nor successfully addressed the challenges that many minority students face in their pursuit of educational opportunities. This article criticizes the usefulness of traditional race-based admissions procedures for providing minority students access to educational opportunities. It proposes an expansion of contemporary concepts of affirmative action to address potentially defeating challenges confronting disadvantaged minority students both before and after the admissions decision has been made. This article also encourages colleges and universities to develop and implement race-neutral programs that encompass outreach, expanded admissions criteria, and financial aid in their efforts to provide meaningful educational opportunities for minority students.
Tomasomys (Delomys) dorsalis collinus (Rato-do-mato)

All autosomes are acrocentrics with a decreasing size. The X can be readily identified because it is the largest chromosome and the only biarmed.
An Inductive Thematic Analysis of Female Competitive Figure Skaters’ Experiences of Weight Pressure in Sport

In this study, the authors examined female competitive figure skaters’ experiences of weight pressure in sport. Perceptions of the ideal skating body; sources of weight pressure; ways that body image, weight-management behaviors, and athletic performance have been affected; and recommendations for improving body image were explored. Aligning with a social constructivist view (Creswell, 2014), data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Skaters described the ideal skating body in an inflexible fashion with little room for deviation and acceptance of body diversity. Skaters cited their first weightpressure experience between 7 and 14 years of age, which most notably involved coaches, parents, skating partners, and other aspects of the skating culture. These experiences were characterized as promoting body-image concerns, unhealthy weight-management strategies, and interference with the psychological aspects of on-ice performance. Results from this study demonstrate the ne...
The role of pendrin in blood pressure regulation

Pendrin is a Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchanger found in the apical regions of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells within the aldosterone-sensitive region of the nephron, i.e., the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the connecting tubule (CNT), and the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Type B intercalated cells mediate Cl(-) absorption and HCO3(-) secretion primarily through pendrin-mediated Cl(-)/HCO3(-) exchange. This exchanger is upregulated with angiotensin II administration and in models of metabolic alkalosis, such as following administration of aldosterone or NaHCO3. In the absence of pendrin-mediated HCO3(-) secretion, an enhanced alkalosis is observed following aldosterone or NaHCO3 administration. However, probably of more significance is the role of pendrin in the pressor response to aldosterone. Pendrin mediates Cl(-) absorption and modulates aldosterone-induced Na(+) absorption mediated by the epithelial Na channel (ENaC). Pendrin changes ENaC activity by changing both channel open probability (Po) and surface density (N), at least partly by altering luminal HCO3(-) and ATP concentration. Thus aldosterone and angiotensin II stimulate pendrin expression and function, which stimulates ENaC activity, thereby contributing to the pressor response of these hormones. However, pendrin may modulate blood pressure partly through its extrarenal effects. For example, pendrin is expressed in the adrenal medulla, where it modulates catecholamine release. The increase in catecholamine release observed with pendrin gene ablation likely contributes to the increment in vascular contractile force observed in the pendrin null mouse. This review summarizes the signaling mechanisms that regulate pendrin abundance and function as well as the contribution of pendrin to distal nephron function.
Parametric Identification of Chaotic Base-Excited Double Pendulum Experiment

An improved parametric identification of chaotic systems was investigated for a double pendulum. From recorded experimental response data, the unstable periodic orbits were extracted and later used in a harmonic balance identification process. By applying digital filtering, digital differentiation and linear regression techniques for optimization, the results were improved. Verification of the related simulation system and linearized system also corroborated the success of the identification algorithm.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Influence of Remifentanil and Fentanyl on Stress Response and Restlessness in Pediatric Tonsillectomy

Objective: To investigate the influence of remifentanil and fentanyl on stress response and restlessness in pediatric tonsillectomy. Methods: 80 cases of children with tonsillectomy from January to December in 2012 were selected in the study, and all of them were randomly divided into two groups: the remifentanil group( 40 cases) and the fentanyl group( 40 cases). The different time stress reaction Index(ACTH, COR, IL-6), recovery time, agitation score, the incidence of agitation and RamSay sedation score were compared between two groups. Effects of the clinical value between two narcotic drugs were investigated. Results:The differences of preoperative based stress indicators of ACTH, COR, IL-6 between two groups were not statistically significant(P0.05). The levels of three indicators increased in the two group after surgery, and decrease in 1d after the surgery, the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Each indicator after surgery and in 1d after surgery in the remifentanil group were lower than those in the fentanyl group. The recovery time in the remifentanil group was significantly less than that in the fentanyl group. The incidence of agitation score and restlessness in the remifentanil group were significantly lower than those in the fentanyl group, RamSay sedation score in the remifentanil group was significantly higher than that in the fentanyl group, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion:The stress response of remifentanil is significantly weaker than fentanyl, its restlessness is better than fentanyl, thus it is worthy of further promotion.
Application of technology of wind and photovoltaic power generation and storage in building energy conservation

In order to improve the energy utilization ratio of buildings,on the basis of analysis of building energy consumption and conservation in daily life,the design thinking of building wind and photovoltaic power generation and conservation was put forward.The forms and characteristics of new type of energy buildings,including integration of photovoltaic power and building,wind power and building,power storage and building and convertor design are introduced.The considerations in the design of wind and photovoltaic power conservation system are discussed and analyzed.The engineering application shows that the organic combination of wind and photovoltaic power generation technology and building energy conservation can fully utilize the wind power and solar power in the area where the buildings locate,so the energy utilization ratio can be improved.
The Power of Composting; The Power of Partnership

Partnerships with environmental groups, industry, and the public sector have proven to be a very effective way to advance source-separated composting of residential and commercial organic waste. The partnership concept has provided an opportunity to gather meaningful data and understanding needed to address key environmental, economic, and institutional questions that hinder broader acceptance and implementation of composting. In the United States, two innovative partnerships have shown that collaboration can achieve these goals. One partnership, ‘Compost for Earth’s Sake,’ involves the Grocery Industry and the environmental group, the National Audubon Society, working with local governments on pilot projects investigating source-separated composting. In addition to gathering data on collection performance, economics, and public acceptance, the team is investigating compost contamination from a multi-stakeholder perspective, both by measuring compost quality directly and by projecting long-term soil concentration levels that might result from sustained use. The second partnership, ‘Food for the Earth,’ is a partnership with representatives from the food service industry, the US Composting Council, and the National Audubon Society. In addition to testing the feasibility of behind-the-counter separation of organics, the food-service team is investigating the options for composting grease, which is an important disposal issue for the industry.
Sea Spray Generation in Very High Winds

AbstractQuantifying the amount and rate of sea spray production at the ocean surface is critical to understanding the effect spray has on atmospheric boundary layer processes (e.g., tropical cyclones). Currently, only limited observational data exist that can be used to validate available droplet production models. To help fill this gap, a laboratory experiment was conducted that directly observed the vertical distribution of spume droplets above actively breaking waves. The experiments were carried out in hurricane-force conditions (10-m equivalent wind speed of 36–54 m s−1), and the observed particles ranged in radius r from 80 to nearly 1400 μm. High-resolution profiles (3 mm) were reconstructed from optical imagery taken within the boundary layer, ranging from 2 to 6 times the local significant wave height. Number concentrations were observed to have a radius dependence proportional to r−3 leading to spume production estimates that diverge from typical source models, which tend to exhibit a radius fal...
Hitting My Stride

Hardy had judged Ramanujan worthy and had invited him into the community of professional mathematicians. Eighty years later, Andrew Granville extended such an invitation to me, and like the earlier pair, we collaborated on research. When we had completed our one joint project, Andrew encouraged me to take aim at some well-known unsolved problems. My year at UGA was an important transition, one that I like to think of as somewhat analogous to Ramanujan’s first days in Cambridge. We both had a lot to learn about the world of professional mathematics, and we both had mentors to guide our way.
Endoscopic Repair of Acute and Chronic Retracted Distal Biceps Ruptures

Distal biceps tendon (DBT) ruptures are infrequent injuries that result in pain, weakness, and cosmetic deformity. Severe retraction of the ruptured DBT can occur at the time of injury, or in chronic neglected ruptures, and surgical exposure is performed using a single incision or a 2-incision technique. The technique presented here describes an endoscopic approach using 3 portals that provide access to the retracted DBT, biceps sheath, and radial tuberosity. Preoperative sonographic localization of the retracted DBT and neurovascular structures is used to guide portal placement. The parabiceps portal is used for visualization of the biceps sheath remnant, and the midbiceps portal is used to visualize and retrieve the retracted tendon in the arm. The retracted DBT is shuttled through the biceps sheath into the upper forearm, and 2 suture anchors are passed into the radial tuberosity under direct endoscopic vision. The DBT is whipstitched via the distal anterior portal, and nonsliding knots are tied to securely reattach the DBT to the prepared radial tuberosity.
Physicians' perception of alternative displays of clinical research evidence for clinical decision support - A study with case vignettes.

Abstract Objective To design alternate information displays that present summaries of clinical trial results to clinicians to support decision-making; and to compare the displays according to efficacy and acceptability. Methods A 6-between (information display presentation order) by 3-within (display type) factorial design. Two alternate displays were designed based on Information Foraging theory: a narrative summary that reduces the content to a few sentences; and a table format that structures the display according to the PICO ( P opulation, I ntervention, C omparison, O utcome) framework. The designs were compared with the summary display format available in PubMed. Physicians were asked to review five clinical studies retrieved for a case vignette; and were presented with the three display formats. Participants were asked to rate their experience with each of the information displays according to a Likert scale questionnaire. Results Twenty physicians completed the study. Overall, participants rated the table display more highly than either the text summary or PubMed’s summary format (5.9 vs. 5.4 vs. 3.9 on a scale between 1 [strongly disagree] and 7 [strongly agree]). Usefulness ratings of seven pieces of information, i.e. patient population, patient age range, sample size, study arm, primary outcome, results of primary outcome, and conclusion, were high (average across all items = 4.71 on a 1 to 5 scale, with 1 = not at all useful and 5 = very useful). Study arm, primary outcome, and conclusion scored the highest (4.9, 4.85, and 4.85 respectively). Participants suggested additional details such as rate of adverse effects. Conclusion The table format reduced physicians’ perceived cognitive effort when quickly reviewing clinical trial information and was more favorably received by physicians than the narrative summary or PubMed’s summary format display.
Effects of coccidiosis vaccination administered by in ovo injection on Ross 708 broiler performance through 14 days of post-hatch age.

Abstract Effects of the in ovo injection of a commercial coccidiosis vaccine on various hatching chick quality variables and 14 d post-hatch (dph) oocyst shedding have been previously examined. The current study was designed to examine the performance of Ross 708 broilers during the 14 dph period of oocyst shedding following the application of the coccidiosis vaccine. On each of 7 replicate tray levels of a single-stage incubator, a total of 4 treatment groups was randomly represented, with each treatment group containing 63 eggs. Treatments were administered using a commercial multi-egg injector on d 18.5 of incubation. The treatments included 3 control groups (non-injected, dry-punch, and diluent-injected) and one treatment group (injected with diluent containing Inovocox EM1 vaccine). On d 21 of incubation, 20 chicks from each of the 28 treatment-replicate groups were placed in corresponding wire-floored battery cages. Mortality, feed intake (FI), BW gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for the zero to 7, 7 to 14, and cumulative zero to 14 dph intervals. There were no significant treatment effects on mortality in any interval or on BW at zero dph. There were significant treatment effects on BW at 7 and 14 dph, on BWG and FI in the zero to 7, 7 to 14, and zero to 14 dph intervals, and on FCR in the 7 to 14 and zero to 14 dph intervals. Although the performance variables of birds belonging to the diluent-injected and vaccine-injected groups were not significantly different, the 14 dph BW, 7 to 14 dph FI, and zero to 14 dph BWG and FI of birds belonging to the vaccine treatment group were significantly higher than those in birds belonging to the non-injected control group. It was concluded that use of the Inovocox EM1 vaccine in commercial diluent has no detrimental effect on the overall post-hatch performance of broilers through 14 dph.
The Preparation of Certain Phenylazopurines

Analine along with other aniline derivatives were diazotized and coupled with theophylline to yield typical azopurines. In a similar reaction, guanine gave a product whose structure was undetermined. When N,N-dimethylaniline was diazotized, a precipitate resulted in a manner unlike other aniline derivatives.
Factors Affecting Perceived Stress in Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services

This study investigated the factors related to the perception of stress in EMT’s and paramedics. 144 EMTs and paramedics from urban “third service” EMS providers in Texas completed a questionnaire that included several demographic questions, Speilberger’s (1995) state-trait personality inventory (STPI), Sarason’s (1983) social support questionnaire, and Schwarzer’s (2000) general perceived self-efficacy scale. Six of the eight SPTI measures served as a measure of perceived stress. They were state and trait anxiety, state and trait anger, and state and trait depression. Education was negatively correlated with state anxiety (r=-0.274, p=0.001), state anger (r=-0.217, p=0.009), state depression (r=-0.231, p=0.006), and trait anxiety (r=-0.2058, p=0.014). Since years of education was related to stress and somewhat related to self-efficacy (r=0.17, p=0.042) a partial correlation procedure (controlled for years of education) was performed for self-efficacy (GPSES) and the stress variables. Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with state anxiety (r=-0.312, p=0.0001), state anger (r=-0.194, p=0.021), state depression (r=-0.339, p=0.0001), trait anxiety (r=-0.436, p=0.0001), and trait depression (r=-0.3762, p=0.0001). An analysis of variance was conducted to compare the means of the perceived stress variables for three job function groups (attendant basic or intermediate, attendant paramedic, and in-charge paramedic). Higher perceived stress was reported by both the attendant basic-intermediates and the in-charge paramedics (p<0.05) as compared to attendant paramedics who reported the lowest stress. The impact of education, self-efficacy, and job function may be related to the amount of skills available, the perception of confidence in those skills, and the amount of personal responsibility for patient care.
Abstract 5674: Cancer immunogenomics for the development of personalized ovarian cancer vaccine

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in the United States with approximately 20,000 women being diagnosed every year. Since OC development is mainly asymptomatic, patients are often diagnosed at late stage and present local and distal metastases. This offers a clinical challenge, as roughly 70% of the patients develop chemoresistant disease. With the advent of cancer immunogenomics it is now possible to identify tumor specific mutations, or neoantigens/neoepitopes, that can be exploited for the development of personalized T cell therapies via DC vaccines or adoptive cell therapy (ACT). We therefore hypothesize that tumor cells isolated from malignant ascites reflect the genomic landscape of the primary tumor, offering a unique opportunity to identify clinically actionable tumor neoantigens. We utilized primary tumor, tumor cells isolated from malignant ascites and metastatic samples to create patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mice and to interrogate the tumor mutational landscape. Somatic mutations were identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNASeq analysis in tumor samples, using PBMCs as germline control. In parallel 20 PDX of ovarian cancer were established in NSG mice by injecting 2×106 cells/mouse subcutaneously (SQ, n=10) and intraperitoneally (IP, n=10). Tumor growth was monitored weekly via caliper measurement for mice injected SQ and via abdominal circumference for mice injected IP. Mutational analysis and prediction of high affinity peptides was done using bioinformatics approach. We have utilized different algorithms that are based on Artificial Neural Networks or published motifs for predicting binding of 8-11 mer peptides to number of Human MHC alleles (HLA) and out of 168 mutated peptides identified, 30 were found to have high affinity for different HLAs compared to wild type peptide. Mutated and wild type peptides were pulsed into dendritic cells and co-cultured with CD8+ T cells for 20 days. Validation of stimulated CD8+ T cells by these mutated peptides using ELISPOT is underway. TCR specific for neoantigen from CD8+T cells will be identified and cloned using retroviral vectors. Transfected CD8+ T cells with neoantigen specific TCR will be confirmed by co-culturing them with dendritic cells pulsed with wild type and mutated peptides. Further engineered CD8+ T cells specific for neoantigens will be tested for adoptive cell therapy in the established PDX models of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Muzamil Y. Want, Takemasa Tsuji, Richard Koya, Sebastiano Battaglia. Cancer immunogenomics for the development of personalized ovarian cancer vaccine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5674. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5674
Overactivation of intestinal sterol response element-binding protein 2 promotes diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

The current study highlights the role of overactivation of intestinal SREBP-2 transcription factor in the progression of hepatic fibrosis associated with diet-induced NASH. Mice with intestine-spec...
Apolipoprotein E Transgenic Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

76 Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the second most common etiology for non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). There is a significantly increased frequency of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) e4 and e2 alleles in patients with CAA and CAA-related ICH. This suggests a role for apoE in the pathogenesis of CAA and ICH. We have developed a unique transgenic mouse model using the human apoE gene to study the molecular mechanisms underlying CAA. Methods: The transgenic mouse model was created by gene targeting, which results in the expression of each human apoE isoform at physiologic levels in a correct spatial and temporal pattern. These mice do not contain any mutations in the amyloid precursor protein or cystatin C gene. Mice of all apoE genotypes were bred, and were matched for age and sex. Brains from aged mice were analyzed for gross ICH. Brain sections were stained with anti-mouse A-beta antibody (4G8) to detect vascular amyloid. Sections were also stained for blood using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and a Prussian Blue stain was used to detect iron and hemosiderin deposition. A thioflavin-S stain was used to determine if the vascular amyloid was fibrillar. Results: Brains from sacrificed aged (mean age=80 weeks) apoE transgenic mice showed positive staining for CAA in predominantly neocortical vessels. The apoE e2/e2 mice had the highest occurrence of CAA (70%, 7 of 10), followed by the e4/e4 mice (40%, 4 of 10). Only 10% (1 of 10) of the e3/e3 mice had CAA. Two aged mice homozygous for apoE e4 had gross ICH at post-mortem inspection. Brain sections from these mice demonstrated red blood cell infiltration and iron/hemosiderin deposition in the brain parenchyma when examined by light microscopy. Conclusions: This human apoE transgenic mouse model provides a genetically well defined and environmentally controlled animal model for the study of CAA that closely resembles the condition found in humans. This model may be useful for the study of therapies for the prevention and treatment of CAA.
Evaluating hospital soundscapes to improve patient experience

Hospital soundscapes can be difficult environments to assess acoustically due to alarms, medical equipment, and the continuous activity within units. Routinely, patients perceive these soundscapes to be poor when rating their hospital experience on HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) surveys administered after discharge. In this study, five hospital units of widely varying HCAHPS “quietness” performance were analyzed. Sound pressure levels were measured in 15 patient rooms and 5 nursing stations over 24-h periods. HCAHPS “quietness of the hospital environment” patient survey data were correlated with measured acoustical data at a room-level, revealing acoustical metrics linked to patient perceptions of hospital soundscape conditions. Metrics found to be statistically correlated (p < 0.05) included the absolute LAMIN levels in patient rooms, which found significantly higher HCAHPS quietness scores in units with average LAMIN levels below 35 dBA, in addition to specific low frequency octave bands and occurrence rates. Many other standard acoustical metrics (such as LAEQ, LAMAX, LCPEAK, and LA90) were not found to be statistically correlated between measured acoustical data and HCAHPS quietness patient responses. Taken as a whole, this study provides insights into the potential relationships between hospital noise and patient satisfaction.
A One-Step Chemoenzymatic Labeling Strategy for Probing Sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen.

Abnormal expression of sialylated Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr, sialyl-T) has a strong relationship with various types of human cancers and many other diseases. However, the size and structural complexity, and relatively lower abundance of sialyl-T have posed a significant challenge to its detection. Therefore, details about the role of sialyl-T in a variety of physiological and pathological processes are still poorly understood. Here, a one-step chemoenzymatic labeling strategy to probe sialyl-T is described. This approach enables the sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of sialyl-T, and global profiling and identification of unknown sialyl-T-attached glycoproteins, which are potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers. The use of one-step labeling strategy not only has a higher sensitivity than a typical two-step reporter strategy but also avoids undergoing an additional chemical reaction step to introduce a reporter group after the labeling reaction, making it p...
Polyimide Cure Determination

A technique was developed for monitoring the conversion of polyamic acid to polyimide. The technique was used to characterize the cure reaction and to assist in understanding the relationship between degree of cure and etchability of films by a wet alkaline method. Interpretation of infrared spectra using a band ratio method gave consistent degree of cure determinations. Dynamic monitoring of films undergoing cure demonstrated that the rate of reaction is dependent on temperature and film thickness. Thicker films or thicker regions of nonuniform films were found to cure to a greater extent than thinner films or regions with identical thermal processing. Etchability was shown to have a high linear correlation with degree of cure. The study indicated that for optimal etch results film thickness uniformity and thermal treatment must be closely controlled.
Single-Particle Tunneling in Superconductors

Tunneling experiments reveal a good deal about the nature of the superconducting state. Here we consider only single-particle tunneling. In this case one can summarize the results in terms of an effective tunneling density of states N T (E) which is analogous to the conventional density of states is normal metals and which can be compared rather directly with experiment. In the case of multiparticle tunneling, more complicated effects occur (e.g., the Josephson effect) which are treated elsewhere in this volume.
Recording Horizontal Atmospheric Transmission of Light at Night

A photoelectric telephotometer, which measured the illumination produced at a fixed distance from a light source of known candle power, was developed to record directly the total horizontal atmospheric transmission of light at night over a two sea-mile path. The apparatus consisted of a multiplier phototube, a DC amplifier, batteries for operation, and a one-milliampere recorder. It can be set up easily for field use. A 1000-watt projection-type lamp was used as a light source. By means of a standard lamp, the photoelectric telephotometer was calibrated in a laboratory light tunnel to record illumination in sea-mile candles. In the field the photoelectric telephotometer was compared with a visual telephotometer. Transmission measurements showed good agreement between the photoelectric and the visual methods.
The Next Voice You Hear: BlacKkKlansman, Sorry to Bother You, and Crazy Rich Asians

Two recent movies have used a similar plot device: A young Black man employs a “White voice” on the telephone to accomplish job tasks and achieve success. But in both cases he encounters problems i...