cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wives' relationships with food and patterns of family distress

Using a framework of efficacy and commitment, this research investigated whether efficacy and commitment, were significant enough in the lives of women to differentiate among four patterns of family distress (distressed, undistressed, wife-distressed, and husband-distressed families). Data from personal interviews with 155 women indicated efficacy in food preparation, time spent at work, and control over personal eating differentiated among patterns of family distress.
Multiple intestinal atresia and immunodeficiency

Abstract Rationale Multiple Intestinal Atresia Syndrome (MIA) has been associated with primary immunodeficiency. Six patients have been described. We report two unrelated patients who had MIA with immunodeficiency. Methods Chart and literature review. Results Case 1: The patient was evaluated at four months of age for small bowel transplant (SBT). Imunologic evaluation showed an absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of 3400, with 1246 T-cells and severe CD 8+ lymphopenia with 24 cells. Hypogammaglobulinemia was present with an IgG of 46, IgA Conclusions MIA has been found in association with severe primary immunodeficiency. We report two cases with panhypogammaglobulinemia and CD 8+ lymphopenia but normal t-cell function. All reported cases have had early death due to GVHD or sepsis.
Lattice-gas melting of two-dimensional alloys: Application to ternary graphite intercalation compounds.

A Monte Carlo (spin exchange) method is used to study a spin-1 Ising (lattice-gas) model appropriate for ternary graphite intercalation compounds. In this paper we consider stage-1 ${A}_{x}$${B}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}x}$${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$ compounds. Monte Carlo results are compared with the molecular field results obtained within a two-sublattice model. The concentration (x) dependence of the lattice-gas melting temperature ${T}_{m}$ is studied for different strengths of interaction parameters. We find that the melting temperature ${T}_{m}$ for the ternaries under consideration is always greater than that predicted by Vegard's law. A simple physical argument for this behavior within a Landau expansion is given. We have also investigated the order-disorder phase transition at temperature lower than ${T}_{m}$ on the 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 superlattice for the ternary alloy ${A}_{1/3}$${B}_{2/3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$. The appearance of (2 \ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 \ensuremath{\surd}3 ) clusters above the transition temperature and its possible relationship with the experiment in ${\mathrm{K}}_{1/3}$${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2/3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{8}$ is briefly discussed.
Clotting in whole blood: analysis of a biochemical reaction network

The coagulation cascade is a complex biochemical network replete with regulatory reactions and cellular contributions. The behavior of the system cannot necessarily be predicted intuitively from the existing state-of-the-art biochemical knowledge of the individual reactions. Knowledge of the
In vivo detection of single cells by MRI

The use of high-relaxivity, intracellular contrast agents has enabled MRI monitoring of cell migration through and homing to various tissues, such as brain, spinal cord, heart, and muscle. Here it is shown that MRI can detect single cells in vivo, homing to tissue, following cell labeling and transplantation. Primary mouse hepatocytes were double-labeled with green fluorescent 1.63-μm iron oxide particles and red fluorescent endosomal labeling dye, and injected into the spleens of recipient mice. This is a common hepatocyte transplantation paradigm in rodents whereby hepatocytes migrate from the spleen to the liver as single cells. One month later the animals underwent in vivo MRI and punctuated, dark contrast regions were detected scattered through the livers. MRI of perfused, fixed samples and labeled hepatocyte phantoms in combination with histological evaluation confirmed the presence of dispersed single hepatocytes grafted into the livers. Appropriate controls were used to determine whether the observed contrast could have been due to dead cells or free particles, and the results confirmed that the contrast was due to disperse, single cells. Detecting single cells in vivo opens the door to a number of experiments, such as monitoring rare cellular events, assessing the kinetics of stem cell homing, and achieving early detection of metastases. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coding Strategies and Cerebral Laterality Effects

Abstract In a short-term recognition memory task, Ss were given relational imagery and rehearsal coding strategies in different sessions, with probes presented to the left or right cerebral hemisphere. Consistent with a model of separate processing systems for verbally and visually coded information, Ss yielded significantly faster response latencies for probes to the left hemisphere than the right when employing the rehearsal strategy, and significantly faster latencies for probes to the right hemisphere than the left when using the imagery code. This suggests that cerebral laterality effects are functionally related to coding strategies, and argues for the inclusion of imagery, or generated visual information, as part of the visual processing system. As such, generated visual information may be viewed as a coding alternative to verbal mediation.
Join queries on uncertain data: Semantics and efficient processing

Uncertain data is quite common nowadays in a variety of modern database applications. At the same time, the join operation is one of the most important but expensive operations in SQL. However, join queries on uncertain data have not been adequately addressed thus far. In this paper, we study the SQL join operation on uncertain attributes. We observe and formalize two kinds of join operations on such data, namely v-join and d-join. They are each useful for different applications. Using probability theory, we then devise efficient query processing algorithms for these join operations. Specifically, we use probability bounds that are based on the moments of random variables to either early accept or early reject a candidate v-join result tuple. We also devise an indexing mechanism and an algorithm called Two-End Zigzag Join to further save I/O costs. For d-join, we first observe that it can be reduced to a special form of similarity join in a multidimensional space. We then design an efficient algorithm called condensed d-join and an optimal condensation scheme based on dynamic programming. Finally, we perform a comprehensive empirical study using both real datasets and synthetic datasets.
Supramolecular solids and time-resolved diffraction

Supramolecular solids are an ideal medium for time-resolved diffraction studies at atomic resolution as they allow dilution of the active species, and the study of a species in different states of aggregation and different environments, but attention must be paid to excited-state quenching due to energy transfer. Crystallinity must be preserved up to reasonable product concentrations if chemical reactions are to be monitored at the atomic level.
Structure of the plasmodium knowlesi gene coding for the circumsporozoite protein

The gene that codes for the surface antigen of Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoites (CS protein) is unsplit and present in the genome in only one copy. The CS protein, as deduced from DNA sequence analysis of the structural gene, has an unusual structure with the central 40% of the polypeptide chain present as 12 tandemly repeated amino acid peptide units flanked by regions of highly charged amino acids. The protein has an amino-terminal hydrophobic amino acid signal sequence and a hydrophobic carboxy-terminal anchor sequence. The coding sequence of the gene has an AT content of 53%, compared with 70% AT in the 5' and 3' flanking sequences, and is contained entirely within an 11 kb Eco RI genomic DNA fragment. This genomic fragment expresses the CS protein in E. coli, indicating that the parasite promoter and ribosome binding site signals can be recognized in E. coli.
IPTV Multicast Over Wireless LAN Using Merged Hybrid ARQ With Staggered Adaptive FEC

Internet Protocol TV (IPTV), an emerging Internet application, provides more flexibility and interactivity for users because of its embedded return channel. Wireless 802.11 networks, used as the last hop of IPTV networks, would add another dimension of mobility, which is of great value for hot spot deployment and is increasingly required for in-home content distribution. However, a wireless channel may suffer from multi-path fading and interference, which may cause random and burst packet loss and impact users' quality of experience of an IPTV program. We report the design, implementation and evaluation of merged hybrid adaptive FEC and ARQ (MHARQ) system for IPTV multicast over wireless LANs. In MHARQ, an IPTV cache server is introduced to improve the reliability for the last hop wireless distribution. MHARQ combines the advantages of receiver-driven staggered FEC and hybrid ARQ schemes to compensate the large dynamic range of WLAN channels and to achieve high reliability, scalability and wireless bandwidth efficiency for IPTV multicast. We also address backward compatible FEC encoding and decoding, audio and video synchronization issues in practical system implementation. Using the ORBIT radio grid test bed, we have investigated the performance of the proposed MHARQ system with various numbers of users per AP and different numbers of APs per IPTV cache server. It is demonstrated via real system implementation on ORBIT that MHARQ improves wireless bandwidth efficiency and scalability for reliable IPTV multicast, compared with existing reliable multicast schemes.
Minkowski Geometric Algebra of Complex Sets

A geometric algebra of point sets in the complex plane is proposed, based on two fundamental operations: Minkowski sums and products. Although the (vector) Minkowski sum is widely known, the Minkowski product of two-dimensional sets (induced by the multiplication rule for complex numbers) has not previously attracted much attention. Many interesting applications, interpretations, and connections arise from the geometric algebra based on these operations. Minkowski products with lines and circles are intimately related to problems of wavefront reflection or refraction in geometrical optics. The Minkowski algebra is also the natural extension, to complex numbers, of interval-arithmetic methods for monitoring propagation of errors or uncertainties in real-number computations. The Minkowski sums and products offer basic 'shape operators' for applications such as computer-aided design and mathematical morphology, and may also prove useful in other contexts where complex variables play a fundamental role – Fourier analysis, conformal mapping, stability of control systems, etc.
Exploring the Relationship Between Hotel Characteristics and Crime

Knowledge of crimes that have occurred in hotels has been scares. The authors explore the nature and causes of hotel crimes in a U.S. metropolitan area. Levels of crimes were directly related to size of the hotel, target market of business travelers, access to public transportation, and an unsafe image of the environment surrounding the hotel. Crime prevention programs based on the findings can be developed to protect the safety of guests and property. This article is available in Hospitality Review: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/hospitalityreview/vol16/iss1/9 Exploring the relationship between hotel characteristics and crime by W.S. Wilson Huang, Michael Kwag, and Gregory Streib Knowledae of crimes that have omufred 1n hotels has been scarce. The authors expaw fhe naWe and causes 01 noM cnmes m a U S metropopdtan area Levels of crmes #ere arrecily reialw lo sve of tne horol larger marker 01 Dusa ess travelers. access to DUMIC transoortation. and an unsafe imaae of the envlronrnent surroundng the 1;otel. ~rimebreventiAn programs basedon these findings can be developed to protect the safety of guests and properly Crime has become a growing concern in the hotel industry as a rcsult of the increased number of lawsuits against various lodging establishments' and a growing fear on the part of citizens of crime in recent years."Asecured hotelcan not only reduce its risk of being sued, but, more importantly, can protect its guests from being victims of crime. However, security measures alone cannot ensure guests'safety; a hotel equipped with a comprehensive security system may still have a high number of crimes because employees are not trained for security awareness or screened for criminal records. Some hotels, due to their size and location, may also be a t greater risk of being victimized. Thus, an analysis of the relationship between crime and various hotel characteristics is important to an understanding of the causes of hotel crimes, and what the lodging industry can do to reduce crime risk. Research into hotel crime has been rare. h s and 1rini3 observed activities of such persons as strippers, bartenders, waitresses and desk clerks worlung in the hotel business. Their study was primarily devoted to the understanding of prostitution, gambling, and other deviant activities in the lodging business and was unable to address the extent of violent or property crimes in hotels. Rutherford and McConnell surveyed legal and security officers in hotels regarding their opinions about the importance of several court-mandated security standards.' Huang, Kwog, and Streib 81 FIU Hospitality Review, Volume 16, Number 1, 1998
On The Unification of Two-Person Bargaining Theory

Efforts to develop a deductive theory of bargaining based on the assumption of rational, self-interested behavior have produced serious disagreements among those who have approached the problem from this perspective. This paper argues that when allowance is made for important differences among types of bargaining situations, it is possible to develop a theory that is both coherent and plausible. An effort is also made to contribute to the understanding of the problem of bargaining with incomplete knowledge of the bargainers' utility functions. It is argued that an emphasis on the costs of bargaining provides the basis for a unified theory that covers both complete and incomplete knowledge.
University and College Counseling Centers One Option for New Professionals in Counseling Psychology

Typically university and college counseling centers have been viewed as viable work settings for counseling psychologists. The selection of this type of setting is often encouraged for new professionals, especially those interested in clinical work This article examines some important issues for new counseling psychology professionals to consider when choosing this type of work setting. The issues are discussed in terms of professional and personal issues. The professional issues examined in the article include specialized training, implementation of the scientist-practitioner model, competency issues, practice issues, and ethical/legal issues. Developmental issues, racial/ethnic differences, and gender differences are also explored. Recommendations and coping strategies are presented for all of the issues.
Projected life-expectancy gains with statin therapy for individuals with elevated C-reactive protein levels

Abstract Objectives We sought to estimate the potential gains in life expectancy achieved with statin therapy for individuals without overt hyperlipidemia but with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Background Persons with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below current treatment guidelines and elevated CRP levels are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may benefit from statin therapy. Methods We constructed a decision-analytic model to estimate the gains in life expectancy with statin therapy for individuals without overt hyperlipidemia but with elevated CRP levels. The annual risks of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, as well as the efficacy of statin therapy, were based on evidence from randomized trials. Estimates of prognosis after MI or stroke were derived from population-based studies. Results We estimated that 58-year-old men and women with CRP levels ≥0.16 mg/dl but LDL cholesterol Conclusions Our results suggest that individuals with elevated CRP levels, many of whom do not meet current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for drug treatment, may receive a substantial benefit from statin therapy. This analysis supports a crucial need for direct intervention trials aimed at subjects with elevated CRP levels.
Modeling CML in mice: SpeCiaL expression is the key

Comment on Koschmieder et al, page [324][1] A novel binary transgenic mouse model utilizing the SCL enhancer to conditionally express BCR-ABL in hematopoietic stem cells is a promising new tool to dissect the molecular pathogenesis of CML. Since the late 1980s, modeling human leukemia in
Computer simulation of transient experiments for determining the transport parameters in amorphous silicon solar cells

Computer simulation of a time-of-flight experiment is used to predict and interpret the terminal response following pulsed excitation in amorphous silicon solar cells. The device under consideration is a 0.62 mu m thick a-Si:H cell under short-circuit conditions. A 6 ps pulse of blue light having an absorption coefficient alpha =10/sup 6/ cm/sup -1/ and a flux density A=5*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ shines through the P/sup +/ layer. Numerical solutions and the associated physical interpretation illuminate the transport physics and make it possible to assess the accuracy of the method. The interaction between free carriers and gap states is discussed on the basis of numerical results on the internal variable profiles. The influence on the transient photocurrent of band mobilities, electric field, transient trapping, and transient emission is investigated. Certain analytical approximations are derived based on an interpretation of the computer solutions. It is shown that increasing the fail state density from 10/sup 20/ to 10/sup 21/ cm/sup -3/ eV/sup -1/ changes the transport from nondispersive to dispersive and reduces the drift mobility by a factor of five. >
Manifestation of Hyperplastic Alveolar Nodules and Mammary Tumors in “Viable Yellow” and Non-yellow Mice

The time course of appearance of hyperplastic alveolar nodule(s) (HAN) and mammary tumor(s) (MT) was determined in untreated virgin "viable yellow" (Avy/A) and non-yellow (A/a) (C3H/HeNIcrWf X VY/Wf)F1 female mice. The first HAN was detected in a yellow female at age 16 weeks, the first period in which mice were killed. HAN were not found in the non-yellow mice until they were 19 weeks old. The incidence of HAN increased to 92% among yellow females and to 75% among non-yellow females by 36 weeks of age. MT were first observed at age 22 weeks in yellow mice and at 28 weeks in non-yellow mice. The incidence of MT at 36 weeks was 75% among yellow mice and 22% among non-yellow mice. Type B adenocarcinoma was the predominant class of MT found in the yellow mice. The time courses of appearance and incidence of HAN and MT in the non-yellow F1 mice were similar to those observed in inbred C3H female mice. MT first appeared in each population when the incidence of HAN bearers had reached 40--45% regardless of age, body weight, or number of HAN per HAN bearer. Apparently, the phenotypic effects of the Avy gene primarily stimulated the multiplication of nodule-transformed cells to form HAN and thus indirectly enhanced MT formation.
Pharmaceutical waste management under uncertainty

Abstract Due to seasonal differences in production demands, effluent streams from batch manufacturing sites may exhibit considerable variations in number, amount as well as composition. Pharmaceutical and fine chemical production distinguishes itself also in recycling practices since stringent purity requirement often prohibit direct reuse of raw materials in the next batch. Further complications stem from ever changing production campaigns, where each may last only for a few months. In such a dynamic environment, selection of recovery and treatment options as well as assessments of their benefits and costs constitutes a formidable task. Designing plant-wide waste management policies assuming perfect information may not be satisfactory given the variability of the production campaigns. Therefore, this article addresses the problem of finding optimal waste management policies for entire manufacturing sites in the presence of uncertainty. It will offer a mathematical programming framework for implementing three contrasting strategies. Small case studies exemplify the impact of different perspectives on the structural design decisions in the overall plant design.
Accounting for the Variation of Driver Aggression in the Simulation of Conventional and Advanced Vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and battery electric vehicles offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gases, as well as to offer a financial benefit to the driver. However, assessing these potential benefits is complicated by several factors, including the driving habits of the operator. We focus on driver aggression, i.e., the level of acceleration and velocity characteristic of travel, to (1) assess its variation within large, real-world drive datasets, (2) quantify its effect on both vehicle efficiency and economics for multiple vehicle types, (3) compare these results to those of standard drive cycles commonly used in the industry, and (4) create a representative drive cycle for future analyses where standard drive cycles are lacking.
The Design of High Performance Protection Functions for Electronic Ballasts

An electronic ballast, high reliability, stability and safety, must prepare the protection functions in order to avoid more critical hazards. In this paper, the high performance protections proposed mainly false ignition, open and short circuit protection actions have been completely designed and shown. Then, the protection circuit owns more benefits as small size, large cost saving and high efficiency. Moreover, this one can yet become a module structure as hybrid or integrated circuit. Now, the protection functions will be applied to and verified by the electronic ballast with the self-excited series resonant inverter system for fluorescent lamps.
Secretin injection test in the diagnosis of gastrinoma

Nearly 25 years have elapsed since Zollinger and Ellison described a syndrome characterized by a severe form of peptic ulcer, accompanied by marked gastric acid hypersecretion and non-beta islet cell tumors of the pancreas (1). A gastric acid secretagogue was extracted from these tumors in 1960 (2). Subsequent biochemical isolation of gastrin from the tumors (3) and detection of elevated serum gastrin concentrations by radioimmunoassay in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (4) established gastrin-secreting tumors (gastrinomas) as the hallmark of the disease. The clinical manifestation of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, or gastrinoma, have been well-described in several recent reviews (5-9). Ninety to ninety-five percent of patients with gastrinoma develop ulcer during the course of their disease. Most patients have symptoms which are similar to those of patients with common peptic ulcer. However, symptoms are usually more persistent, progressive, and less responsive to therapy (9). Optimal therapy for patients with gastrinomas is in a state of evolution (10). Treatment must be selected which corrects gastric acid hypersecretion. However, it must also take into consideration the lethal malignant potential of these tumors (7,9). Until recently total gastrectomy was accepted uniformly as the procedure of choice for treatment of those patients (11). This decision was based on evidence that mortality was lowest among gastrinoma patients in whom total gastrectomy was the initial surgical procedure (11-13). With the development of histamine Hz-receptor antagonists, principally cimetidine, a nonsurgical therapeutic alternative to surgical therapy became available (10,14,15). Treatment with cimetidine has been shown to be effective in reducing
Research Note---The Role of Production Lead Time and Demand Uncertainty in Marketing Durable Goods

Firms often have to make their production decisions under conditions of demand uncertainty. This is especially true for product categories such as automobiles and technology goods where the lead time needed for manufacturing forces firms to make production decisions well in advance of the selling season. Once the firm has produced the goods, the available production volume affects the firm's subsequent marketing decisions. In this paper, we study the relationship between the firm's production and marketing decisions for a durable goods manufacturer. We develop a dynamic model of a durable product market in which the demand functions are developed from a micromodeling of consumer utility functions and an equilibrium analysis of consumer strategies. After taking into account the demand uncertainty as well as the potential for cannibalization of future sales, the manufacturer makes its production and sales decisions. We find that the firm's optimal inventory level is U-shaped in the durability of the product and that the firm suffers a larger loss due to uncertainty when it is leases rather than sells its products. Furthermore, unlike the case for nondurables, for durable goods we find that the effect of uncertainty persists even after the uncertainty has been resolved.
Can God Know That He Is God

While reflecting one day on the enormous difficulties that men have in knowing that there is a God, a completely unexpected and unfamiliar question drifted into my purview – perhaps as a kind of ultimate expression of my philosophical frustration. ‘Indeed’, the question asked, ‘can even God know that he is God?’ At first I thought this query merely amusing. ‘Wouldn't it be funny if God cannot know that he is God! But of course he can.’ So my mind wandered on to other things. The question did not leave me alone, though. It insisted that I take it seriously, and the more I did, the more legitimate, complex, and significant it came to seem - and still does.
Optimizing general design objectives in processor-array design

We present an improved search procedure for the General Parameter Method (GPM). Our procedure maps uniform dependence algorithms to application-specific processor arrays (PAs). It can optimize general design objectives with certain nonmonotonicity properties, i.e., those that do not increase monotonically with the parameters. An example of such an objective is the minimization of the total completion time, including load and drain times. In contrast, earlier design methods can only deal with monotonic objectives. We present results for the matrix-product problem using this search technique. We also show that the parameters in GPM can be expressed in terms of the schedule vector /spl Pispl I.oarr/ and allocation matrix S in the popular dependence-based method (DM), thereby allowing GPM to be used in DM for finding optimal designs for uniform dependence algorithms. >
Response of benthic communities in merl experimental ecosystems to low level, chronic additions of No. 2 fuel oil

Abstract The macrofauna and meiofauna of three oiled and three control experimental ecosystems at the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory (MERL) were followed for 25 weeks of semi-continuous additions of an oil-water dispersion of No. 2 fuel oil. Water column hydrocarbon levels were maintained at about 190 ppb, and after 20 weeks 109 sm/g dry weight fuel oil hydrocarbons were recorded in the top 2 cm of sediment. This simulated chronic oil pollution resulted in a highly significant decline in the number of macrofaunal and meiofaunal individuals in the experimental tanks compared with the controls. The effect was apparent on the numbers of individual macrofaunal species and on all metazoan meiofaunal groups.
Selective formation of a C3-symmetric P-stereogenic tris(phosphine) via platinum-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of a tris(secondary phosphine)

Abstract Alkylation of MeC(CH 2 PHPh) 3 1 with 2-cyanobenzyl bromide and NaOSiMe 3 using the catalyst precursor Pt(( R , R )-Me-DuPhos)(Ph)(Cl) gave a mixture of tris(phosphines) enriched in C 3 -MeC(CH 2 PPh(CH 2 ( o- C 6 H 4 CN)) 3 3 ; Cu-catalyzed phosphination yielded C 1 -enriched 3 . Oxidation of 3 by sulfur or H 2 O 2 formed MeC(CH 2 P(E)Ph(CH 2 ( o -C 6 H 4 CN)) 3 (E = S 4 ; E = O 5 ). Repeated recrystallization gave a low yield of ( R , R , R )- 4 , which was crystallographically characterized. Tris(phosphine) 3 was formed with a diastereomeric ratio (dr = C 3 / C 1 ) of 2.1(2) and enantiomeric ratios of 54(10) and 3.8(7) for C 3 - 3 and C 1 - 3 respectively, which showed that the selectivity of the triple alkylation was not the same at each site (substrate control).
Carotid Atherosclerosis and Cerebral Microbleeds: The Framingham Heart Study

Background Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular disease, but its role in hemorrhage‐prone small vessel disease—represented by cerebral microbleed (CMB)—is unclear, although vascular risk factors underlie both conditions. We hypothesized that persons with carotid atherosclerosis would have higher risk of CMB, particularly in deep regions. Methods and Results We studied 1243 participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (aged 56.9±8.8 years; 53% women) with carotid ultrasound available on 2 occasions (1995–1998 and 2005–2008) prior to brain magnetic resonance imaging. Using multivariable logistic regression, we related baseline carotid stenosis, baseline intima–media thickness, and site‐specific carotid intima–media thickness progression (at internal and common carotid locations) to the prevalence and location (lobar or deep plus mixed) of CMB. In addition, we assessed effect modification by lipid levels and use of statin and antithrombotic medications. Carotid stenosis ≥25% (a marker of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis) was associated with presence of CMB overall (Odds Ratio 2.20, 95% CI 1.10–4.40) and at deep and mixed locations (odds ratio 3.60, 95% CI 1.23–10.5). Baseline carotid intima–media thickness was not associated with CMB. Progression of common carotid artery intima–media thickness among persons on hypertension treatment was associated with lower risk of deep and mixed CMB (odds ratio per SD 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.96). Conclusions Cumulative vascular risk factor exposure may increase the risk of CMB, especially in deep regions. The apparent paradoxical association of carotid intima–media thickness progression with lower risk of CMB may reflect benefits of intensive vascular risk factor treatment among persons with higher cardiovascular risk and deserves further investigation. If replicated, the results may have potential implications for assessment of preventive and therapeutic interventions for subclinical cerebral hemorrhage.
Teaching Innovation Through Empathy: Design Thinking in the Undergraduate Business Classroom

Innovation is a crucial component for the growth and competitive advantage of organizations. Organizations today require effective processes of idea generation and implementation to remain relevant...
Feeding-Site Selection of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) on Mice Infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

ABSTRACI' The feeding behavior of Lutzomyia longipalpis was ellsmined on uninfected mice and on mice infected with Leishmania mexicana ama%onensis. Feeding was limited to areas of exposed skin and included the ears, eyelids, feet, nose, and tail. The incidence of landing on specific sites was positively correlated with the surface area of the individual sites on both infected (r = +0.91) and uninfected (r = +0.96) mice, suggesting that selection of landing sites occurred randomly. Probing on infected mice was not a random event. Pref­ enmtial probing by Lutzomyia longipalplJ on cutaneous lesions of infected mice resulted in a frequency of feeding higher than ellpected on these lesions. Mice infected with Letshmania mencana ama%onenslJ develop cutaneous lesions that are rich in amastigotes; selective feeding on these lesions by sand flies could facilitate transmission of the LelJhmania. Rel­ evance to the epidemiology of leishmaniasis is discussed.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) (P5.117)

Objective: To report a case series of clinically significant autonomic dysunction in ASD. Background: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) impairment has been increasingly recognized in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Abnormalities in pupillary light reflex, resting heart rate, heart rate response to social cognitive tasks, respiratory rhythm, and skin conductance suggest that autonomic dysfunction is common in ASD and may play a role in the social, behavioral, and communication problems that are the hallmark of this neurodevelopmental disorder. This case series confirms the presence of clinically significant multisystem ANS dysfunction in ASD. Methods: Patients with a history of ASD who underwent an evaluation for ANS dysfunction at our institution were identified. Clinical features, findings on autonomic testing, and laboratory results were reviewed. Results: Six patients with ASD underwent clinical and autonomic evaluation, ranging in age from 12 to 28, and autonomic symptom duration ranging from 10 months to 6 years. All reported postural lightheadedness, near-syncope, and rapid heart rate. Five reported significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including constipation, diarrhea, and early satiety. Autonomic testing revealed an excessive postural tachycardia with head-up tilt (HUT) in all patients, with a mean heart rate (HR) increment of 50 bpm, mean maximum HR on HUT of 118 bpm, absence of orthostatic hypotension on HUT. Abnormal blood pressure profile with the Valsalva maneuver was identified in three patients. All five patients were diagnosed with orthostatic intolerance. Supine norepinephrine (NE) was low in three of the four patients tested and an inadequate rise in standing NE was noted in two of these patients. GI motility testing was performed in two patients, and suggested gastroparesis in one patient. Conclusions: Clinically significant ANS dysfunction may occur in ASD, with symptoms suggestive of orthostatic intolerance and gastrointestinal dysmotility, and findings on autonomic testing demonstrating an excessive postural tachycardia. Disclosure: Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose.
Synthesis of homoharringtonine and its derivative by partial esterification of cephalotaxine.

Abstract Homoharringtonine 2 and dehydrodesoxy homoharringtonine 4 were synthesized by partial esterification of cephalotaxine.
Knowledge-based Commerce Architecture with Convergence of E-commerce and Knowledge Management--K-commerce

There is synergy between knowledge management and E-commerce.E-commerce is about transactions with external partners.Knowledge management is about internal collaborative exertions and the sharing of information and experience.Knowledge commerce is the collaboration and sharing of knowledge with external partners.
Impedance modeling and analysis of modular multilevel converters

This paper presents impedance modeling of modular multilevel converters (MMC) for stability and resonance analysis of HVDC transmission, renewable energy, STATCOM and other systems that increasingly rely on MMC as the hardware building block. The basis of the modeling method is harmonic linearization, which has been applied to other types of converters and converter systems, but a new formulation is presented to allow the inclusion of harmonic effects. This generalization, called multi-harmonic linearization, is necessary for MMC because of the significant second harmonic in the arm currents, module capacitor voltages, and control signals. To accommodate multiple harmonics in the linearization process, a matrix formulation is also introduced and used to model both the converter and its control. The developed impedance models are validated in the frequency-domain by point-by-point simulation of detailed converter circuit models, and used to characterize MMC impedance under different conditions.
Separating Fact from Fiction in the Debate over Drone Proliferation

What are the consequences of drone proliferation for international security? Despite extensive discussions in the policy world concerning drone strikes for counterterrorism purposes, myths about the capabilities and implications of current-generation drones often outstrip reality. Understanding the impact of drones requires separating fact from fiction by examining their effects in six different contexts—counterterrorism, interstate conflict, crisis onset and deterrence, coercive diplomacy, domestic control and repression, and use by nonstate actors for the purposes of terrorism. Although current-generation drones introduce some unique capabilities into conflicts, they are unlikely to produce the dire consequences that some analysts fear. In particular, drone proliferation carries potentially significant consequences for counterterrorism operations and domestic control in authoritarian regimes. Drones could also enhance monitoring in disputed territories, potentially leading to greater stability. Given th...
Dynamic effect of foundation settlement on bridge-vehicle interaction

Abstract Foundation settlement is a common issue for bridges, which not only generates additional static stresses in continuous bridge members but also may affect the dynamic interaction between the bridge and vehicle traveling over it. In this paper, a new bridge-vehicle model with consideration of foundation settlement effect is created through the principle of virtual works to investigate the settled bridge and vehicle interaction responses. The correctness and accuracy of the model are validated with theoretical and numerical results. Based on the proposed model, numerical simulations have been conducted using the Newmark’s β method to investigate the effects of settlement mode, vehicle traveling speed, road surface roughness and boundary condition. It is shown that foundation settlement has a significant effect on impact factors of the bridge at high vehicle speeds, and road surface roughness may act together with the settlement to have a coupling effect, which needs special attentions in bridge design.
A Mixed-Method Approach to Capitalist Variation

This chapter highlights and defends a mixed-method approach to explaining capitalist divergence. The chapter discusses major research questions, relevant variables, hypotheses, and predicted outcomes. I draw attention to other studies applying similar techniques, specifically those using panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) analysis supplemented by process-tracing case studies.
Homosexuality, Religion, and the Family: The Effects of Religion on Americans’ Appraisals of the Parenting Abilities of Same-Sex Couples

Although a growing body of research focuses on Americans' attitudes toward same-sex couples as parents, very few include measures of religion, and those that do fail to capture its multidimensional nature. Furthermore, many past studies relied on convenience samples of college students, or samples gathered outside the United States. Multivariate analyses of the 2012 General Social Survey-a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States-reveal that a slim majority of Americans still do not believe same-sex couples can parent as well as male-female couples, and the religious beliefs, behaviors, and affiliations of Americans are significantly and at times differentially associated with appraisals of same-sex couples' parenting abilities. It appears that although religion is generally associated with more negative appraisals of the parenting abilities of same-sex couples, it is not uniformly so. Americans' immediate religious and cultural context can shape their appraisals of homosexuality in diverse ways.
Bayesian optimal adaptation explains age-related human sensorimotor changes.

We showed that age-dependent changes in the vestibuloocular reflex are explained by a Bayesian optimal adaptation in the brain that occurs in response to age-dependent sensory anatomical changes. T...
Unique Tumor-Specific Antigens as Altered Cell-Surface Receptors

Cancer is often viewed as a primary disturbance of cell division. One might, therefore, expect to find the critical alterations exclusively in the nucleus of the malignant cells. Interestingly, however, many of the products of cancer-inducing viral genes-so called oncogenes-have now been traced to the periphery of the cell, namely, the plasma membrane. Furthermore, several of these viral oncogenes appear to be derived from cellular genes that code for products active at the periphery of the cell: these include growth factors, their membrane-bound receptors, and membrane-associated enzymes (Newmark, 1982). Cell biologists and developmental biologists have, of course, argued for years that the cell surface is a major component in the control of growth, differentiation, and movement of cells (Moscona, 1974) and that alterations of cell surface molecules are likely to be critically important in the establishment of malignant behavior. Immunologic probes have an extreme sensitivity for discovering even very subtle alterations in a surface molecule that change a normal “self” molecule to an abnormal “altered-self” molecule. Immunologic analysis of the tumor cell surface might, therefore, be extremely useful for discovering cell surface changes that are important for causing malignant behavior of the cell.
Oxygenic Photosynthesis—A Brief Overview

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the process in which oxygen and carbohydrates are produced from water and carbon dioxide utilizing sunlight. With the ability of converting solar energy into chemical energy, oxygenic photosynthesis remains one of the most important biological processes on earth, producing directly or indirectly the building blocks of all living organisms and also of oil, gas and coal. In contrast to some anaerobic photosynthetic organisms which use H2S as a reducing agent and produce sulphur as a major product, oxygenic photosynthesis utilizes H2O as the reducing agent.
Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Studies on Amorphous Carbon Films and Carbon Overcoats in Commercial Hard Disk Drives

Far-field Raman spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate 20-nm-thick amorphous carbon films and 3-nm-thick carbon overcoats of commercial hard disk drives. Enhancement of the Raman signal on both samples was observed indicating the activation of surface plasmons. The largest enhancement was found for the 3-nm-thick carbon overcoat of a commercial hard disk suggesting that the chemistry of nanometer-thick carbon films can be studied using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with high sensitivity and resolution.
Divergent effects of land-use, propagule pressure, and climate on woody riparian invasion

Landscape-scale analyses of biological invasion are needed to understand the relative importance of environmental drivers that vary at larger scales, such as climate, propagule pressure, resource availability, and human disturbance. One poorly understood landscape-scale question is, how does human land-use influence riparian plant invasion? To evaluate the relative importance of land-use, climate, propagule pressure, and water availability in riparian invasion, we examined tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis, hybrids), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) occurrence, abundance, and dominance in 238 riparian sites in developed, cultivated, and undeveloped areas of four western USA river basins (281,946 km2). Temperature and propagule pressure from individuals planted nearby largely drove invasive species occurrence, whereas factors likely to affect resource availability (e.g., land-use, precipitation, streamflow intermittency) were more important to abundance and dominance, supporting the argument that species distribution models based on occurrence alone may fail to identify conditions where invasive species have the greatest impact. The role of land-use varied among taxa: urban and suburban land-use increased Siberian elm occurrence, abundance, and dominance, and urban land-use increased Russian olive occurrence, whereas suburban land-use reduced tamarisk dominance. Surprisingly, Siberian elm, which has received scant prior scientific and management attention, occurred as or more frequently than tamarisk and Russian olive (except in undeveloped areas of the Colorado River headwaters) and had higher density and dominance than tamarisk and Russian olive in developed areas. More research is needed to understand the impacts of this largely unrecognized invader on riparian ecosystem services, particularly in urban and suburban areas.
Die Entdeckung des Jet-Stream

Ob wilder Sturm oder lindes Luftchen, ob heiser Schirokko oder kalter Polarwind, das Regime der Winde hat von jeher des Menschen Phantasie erregt, schon lange bevor er lernte, seine Gedanken auf Steinplatten oder auf Papyrus niederzulegen. Die alten Griechen glaubten, das der Atem der Gotter die Winde verursachte — z. B. der milde Zephyrus, der Gott der Westwinde. Die Romer erfuhren die Gewalt der Sturme, als sie mit ihren Galeeren das Mittelmeer durchpflugten. Die waghalsigen Wikinger hingegen nutzten die Kraft der Winde aus, als sie die Kuste Amerikas zum erstenmal erforschten. Die Kapitane der spanischen Galeonen hatten zwar gelernt, die Gewalt der Winde zu bandigen, doch die Orkane und Hurrikane waren diesen stolzen Schiffen mehr als gewachsen, und die Korallenriffe des Karibischen Meeres machten manch eines Seeraubers Traum zunichte, sich mit Genus und Ansehen inmitten seiner Schatze zur Ruhe zu setzen.
Deltopectoral Island Flap

The medially based deltopectoral flap is a proven, reliable, and useful tool in the practice of head and neck and reconstructive surgery. Despite its versatility the flap has several limitations that restrict its use; these include a limited arc of rotation and significant risk of distal flap necrosis when increased length is incorporated from the deltoid region. By conversion of the conventional, parasternally based deltopectoral flap into an island flap supplied by one or two perforating branches of the internal mammary artery, its versatility can be markedly enhanced. This modification provides a free axis of rotation with virtually unrestricted spatial orientation and critical additional length. Furthermore, the island flap itself can be incorporated into the donor-site region, allowing primary closure of this defect. The dependability of this flap stems from the axial nature of the blood supply to the pectoral region. This factor, together with the free axis of rotation, affords the island flap its superiority over the standard deltopectoral flap. We have used this flap a total of 19 times (16 island and 3 free flaps) with notable clinical success and no observed failures. A description of technique and clinical applications will be discussed.
Development of Hybrid Phospholipid Mimics as Effective Agonists for Liver Receptor Homologue-1

The orphan nuclear receptor Liver Receptor Homologue-1 (LRH-1) is an emerging drug target for metabolic disorders. The most effective known LRH-1 modulators are phospholipids or synthetic hexahydropentalene compounds. While both classes have micromolar efficacy, they target different portions of the ligand binding pocket and activate LRH-1 through different mechanisms. Guided by crystallographic data, we combined aspects of both ligand classes into a single scaffold, resulting in the most potent and efficacious LRH-1 agonists to date.