cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Habituation of the alpha attenuation response in children and adults with psychiatric disorders

Abstract Duration and latency of the alpha attenuation response (AAR) to 50 consecutive single light flashes presented at irregular intervals of 5–20 sec were measured in 241 adults and children, comprising five experimental and four control groups. Visual and automatic analyses were employed. Habituation of AAR duration was demonstrable for all of the adult and children groups. Schizophrenics from the University Psychiatric Service did not differ from Medical School controls, but State Hospital schizophrenics differed from both these groups demonstrating earlier attenuation (shorter latency) and more persistent response (less habituation). Adult psychopaths did not differ from Medical School patient controls. Medical School Hospital schizophrenics manifested significantly shorter latencies than adult controls. Children with hyperkinetic behavior disorders demonstrated longer durations of AAR initially and throughout the consecutive trials compared with age-matched controls. Although habituation was evident, AAR duration never decreased to a level comparable to the controlschildren. Normal children differ from adult controls in demonstrating shorter latencies of AAR as well as a much flatter habituation curve (i.e., less change between initial and final values). Comparison of amount of alpha activity for 3 sec preceding each stimulus indicated that the significant differences obtained between the groups were not due to differences or variations in background activity. The findings are considered in relation to their maturational and clinical significance.
Ion beam analysis of VLS grown Ge nanostructures on Si

Abstract A rich variety of nanostructures can be synthesized by varying pressure and temperature during vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) epitaxy on Si. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth by VLS of epitaxial Ge nanowires and nanopillars seeded by metallic nanodots on (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) oriented Si is reported with an emphasis on analyses by ion backscattering and channeling in combination with scanning electron microscopy. The nanostructures are grown using digermane in an Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) system at pressures from 10−6 to 10−2 Torr and temperatures between 400 and 600 °C. Au nanodots with diameters of 10–50 nm are formed by vapor deposition on H-terminated Si surfaces. The Ge growth kinetics and morphology are observed to depend strongly on pressure. At lower pressures the Au seeds the growth of layered heteroepitaxial islands (referred to here as nanopillars) which grow both vertically and laterally. At higher pressures a transition to rapid 〈1 1 1〉 axial nanowire epitaxial growth occurs with a growth rate that scales linearly with pressure. We contrast quantitative measurements of the kinetics for VLS nanowire growth with that for uniform CVD layer growth.
A theoretical evaluation of cardiac output as a function of mean arterial pressure in the human cardiovascular system.

Abstract A correlation function of cardiac output and mean arterial pressure is presented for the human cardiovasular system. The function is developed using an energy transfer balance for a unit volume of blood which flows in the vascular system between the aorta and the vena cava. The energy transfer balance equates the energy utilized in the vascular system to the algebraic sum of the pulse energy, the kinetic energy and the potential energy in the vascular system. Each of these energies is defined in terms of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Pulse energy is defined in terms of the work done by the heart on the aorta. Kinetic energy is defined in terms of the cardiac output and the potential energy is defined in terms of the diastolic pressure in the aorta. The utilization energy is equivalent to the energy transfer in the work done by the blood on the viscoelastic blood vessels, and to the frictional energy loss due to drag on the blood mass as it flows through the vascular system. The correlation function of cardiac output with mean arterial pressure demonstrates that the cardiac output is a double-valued function of the mean arterial pressure. The function also varies with the ratio of the fourth power of the Shear Modulus of the blood vessels to the third power of Young's Modulus. The function shows that mean arterial pressure minimizes for a cardiac output of approximately 51 per min when one holds the ratio of the elastic moduli constant. Further discussion indicates how clinicians can use the function, developed in this research, to interpret the experimental data obtained from cardiac output studies.
Georgetown adolescent psychosocial rating scale

The Georgetown Adolescent Psychosocial Rating Scale (GAPRS) was developed as a clinical tool to be used in the evaluation of the psychosocial development of the adolescent. Preliminary findings have shown it to be useful in assessing normal psychosocial development and identifying deviant states. The GAPRS was developed in a clinical setting over a 5-year period as a questionnaire with the statistical ability to assess adolescent psychosocial development. The data from this study support the GAPRS as a promising new clinical tool to be used with the adolescent patient for assessing normal and deviant psychosocial maturation in an efficient and concise manner. Speculation: Adolescent psychosocial maturation can be measured using key questions to measure normal development and deviant states.
Wet-etch figuring for precision optical contouring

Wet-etch figuring utilizes free surface flows driven by surface tension gradients (the Marangoni effect) to confine and stabilize the size and shape of an etchant droplet attached to the underside of a glass surface. This droplet, or wetted zone, is translated on the surface, etching where it contacts and leaving behind no residue, to facilitate an etching-based small-tool figuring process that is free of mechanical and thermal stresses. The optic needs no backing plate, and its back side is free for inspection by optical means. When transmissive optics is figured, the optical thickness between the front and the rear surfaces of the optic is measured interferometrically and used in real time to control the local dwell time of the etchant zone. This truly closed-loop figuring process is robust, environmentally insensitive, and fully automated. It is particularly suited for figuring patterns such as phase plates, corrective elements, and optical flats on very thin (≪1-mm) substrates that are difficult to figure with traditional abrasive polishing methods.
Remarriage Beliefs as Predictors of Marital Quality and Positive Interaction in Stepcouples: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Model

Using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, we examined remarriage beliefs as predictors of marital quality and positive interaction in a sample of 179 stepcouples. Three beliefs were measured using subscales from the Remarriage Belief Inventory (RMBI) including success is slim, children are the priority, and finances should be pooled. Several significant actor and partner effects were found for both wives' and husbands' beliefs. Wives' marital quality was positively associated with their own beliefs that finances should be pooled and negatively associated with their own beliefs that success is slim. Wives' reports of their own and spouses' positive interaction were both positively associated with their beliefs that finances should be pooled. Their reports of spouses' positive interaction were also negatively associated with husbands' beliefs that success is slim. Husbands' marital quality was positively associated with wives' beliefs that children are the priority, positively associated with their own beliefs that finances should be pooled, and negatively with success is slim. Positive interaction for husbands was positively associated with wives' beliefs that finances should be pooled and negatively associated with their own beliefs that success is slim. Finally, husbands' reports of positive interaction for their spouses were positively associated with wives' beliefs that finances should be pooled. Implications for future research utilizing dyadic data analysis with stepcouples are addressed.
Challenges in Ensuring Effective Communication among Laboratory Information Systems

Interfacing a hospital’s laboratory information system with client information systems such as electronic medical or health records (EMRs/EHRs) is not a straight forward process. Many variables affect how to configure both the client’s system and the laboratory’s information system and in turn determine what is possible for passing data from one system to another. Information systems have different capabilities and have varying degrees of configurability. Laboratory testing varies due to instrument and differences in methodologies. Local definitions of what constitutes the appropriate parameters to report for a given analyte will mean that one laboratory’s definition for a test will be different from another laboratory’s definition. Other processes and work flows that need to be accounted for include test cancels, credits and reflex testing. How systems accommodate these exceptions is not standardized and will vary with the respective informatics environments. Alternate manual work flows may be needed to address extraordinary problems. * LISs : laboratory information systems; EMRs : electronic medical records; LOINC : Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes; CP : clinical pathology; AP : anatomic pathology
The effect of sample substrate on the structural properties of co-deposited a-Ge:H films

Abstract Gas evolution, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering have been used to give information about possible differences in the structure of films of a-Ge:H co-deposited on substrates of Corning 7059 glass, aluminum, crystalline Si, carbon coated mica, beryllium, and NaCl. The only appreciable differences in the above spectra were found for films deposited on aluminum foil, but these were very clear. For example, differential scanning calorimetry spectra yield a single exothermic peak near 520°C for films of a-Ge:H deposited on 7059 glass at 100 and 150°C, while co-deposited films on aluminum foil show two exothermic peaks at different temperatures. This, along with differences in the other spectra, indicate that the structure of the films on aluminum foil is different from that for the other films. For films deposited at higher temperatures the spectra are less substrate dependent, consistent with the occurrence of smaller structural/chemical variations on a nanometer scale.
Efficient calibration scheme for high-resolution pipelined ADCs

This paper describes a background calibration technique that linearizes pipelined ADCs by correcting for errors in the digital domain. This also relaxes the requirements for the analog components and enables power and area savings. The calibration technique doesn't require a separate reference ADC that samples the input, nor the generation of digital correlation signals or extra analog calibration components. The calibration technique is robust and easily implementable in any digital technology. The implementation of the digital calibration algorithm requires minimal digital resources and less than 1% of the overall ADC power consumption.
The Oxygen Vacancy and The E1′ Center In SiO2

We report parameter-free self-consistent calculations of structural properties for the oxygen vacancy in silicon-dioxide using new oxygen pseudopotentials and quantum molecular dynamics simulations. Results challenge the accepted identification of the oxygen vacancy with the paramagnetic E 1 ′ center. Bonding of the adjacent silicon atoms occurs sufficiently strongly for all charge states to inhibit the asymmetric distortion which would be required for correspondence with the E 1 ′ center.
Analysis of the mechanical stability and surface detachment of mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms by applying a range of external shear forces

Well-established biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans via exopolysaccharide matrix synthesis are firmly attached to tooth surfaces. Enhanced understanding of the physical properties of mature biofilms may lead to improved approaches to detaching or disassembling these highly organized and adhesive structures. Here, the mechanical stability of S. mutans biofilms was investigated by determining their ability to withstand measured applications of shear stress using a custom-built device. The data show that the initial biofilm bulk (~ 50% biomass) was removed after exposure to 0.184 and 0.449 N m(-2) for 67 and 115 h old biofilms. However, removal of the remaining biofilm close to the surface was significantly reduced (vs initial bulk removal) even when shear forces were increased 10-fold. Treatment of biofilms with exopolysaccharide-digesting dextranase substantially compromised their mechanical stability and rigidity, resulting in bulk removal at a shear stress as low as 0.027 N m(-2) and > a two-fold reduction in the storage modulus (G'). The data reveal how incremental increases in shear stress cause distinctive patterns of biofilm detachment, while demonstrating that the exopolysaccharide matrix modulates the resistance of biofilms to mechanical clearance.
Cutting edge: in vitro-generated tolerogenic APC induce CD8+ T regulatory cells that can suppress ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

APC exposed to TGFβ2 and Ag (tolerogenic APC) promote peripheral Ag-specific tolerance via the induction of CD8 + T regulatory cells capable of suppressing Th1 and Th2 immunity. We postulated that tolerogenic APC might reinstate tolerance toward self-neuronal Ags and ameliorate ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Seven days after immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP), mice received MBP-specific tolerogenic APC, and EAE was evaluated clinically. To test for the presence and the phenotype of T regulatory cells, CD4 and/or CD8 T cells from tolerogenic APC-treated mice were transferred to naive mice before their immunization with MBP. The MBP-specific tolerogenic APC decreased both the severity and incidence of ongoing EAE. Tolerance to self-neuronal Ags was induced in naive recipient mice via adoptive transfer of CD8 + , but not CD4 + T cells. Rational use of in vitro-generated tolerogenic APC may lead to novel therapy for autoimmune disease.
The Impact of Step Orography on Flow in the Eta Model: Two Contrasting Examples

Simulations were performed using the Eta Model with its eta vertical coordinate and stepwise treatment of terrain, and with a substitution of the terrain-following sigma vertical coordinate to investigate the impact of step orography on flow near high mountains. Two different cases were simulated: (i) a downslope windstorm along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, and (ii) stably stratified flow blocked by high mountains in Taiwan. Flow separation on the lee side of the mountains, previously shown to occur in idealized two-dimensional Eta simulations, was also apparent in these real data cases, even for the downslope wind event. The step orography resulted in a substantial underestimate of wind speeds to the lee of the Rockies during the windstorm. Near the surface, both the eta and sigma simulations of the Taiwan blocking event were comparable. For both events, the use of step orography resulted in much weaker mountain waves than occurred when the sigma vertical coordinate was used. Localized vertical velocity perturbations associated directly with the step corners were minor for these cases.
A Parallel XPath Engine Based on Concurrent NFA Execution

The importance of XPath in XML filtering systems has led to a significant body of research on improving the processing performance of XPath queries. Most of the work, however, has been in the context of a single processing core. Given the prevalence of multicore processors, we believe that a parallel approach can provide significant benefits for a number of application scenarios. In this paper we thus investigate the use of multiple threads to concurrently process XPath queries on a shared incoming XML document. Using an approach that builds on YFilter, we divide the NFA into several smaller ones for concurrent processing. We implement and test two strategies for load balancing: a static approach and a dynamic approach. We test our approach on an eight-core machine, and show that it provides reasonable speedup up to eight cores.
Measuring ensemble consistency without measuring tuning curves

Abstract An important question in information processing is the extent to which neural firing patterns remain consistent while processing representations. Transient changes in representational consistency can provide clues to the dynamics of neural processing. We present a generalized framework for measuring the consistency of a neuronal representation that does not require explicit knowledge of the parameters encoded by the ensemble. It requires only neuronal ensembles and a training set of neuronal activity that samples behavioral parameters equally. This will be useful in structures where the behavioral parameters signalled by the neural activity are controversial or unknown.
Values, Context, and the Concept of Integrity: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison

This study examines the role that context plays in determining which values are considered most important in administrative practice by focusing on administrators in a wide variety of public, private, and nonprofit organizations. A qualitative research design was used to create a typology of context-specific administrative roles. The findings suggest that the concept of integrity, viewed as a contextualized set of values, is helpful in articulating the link between reported values and administrative practice.
Current pharmacologic treatment for orthostatic hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension is treated effectively with the combined use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Patients should be counseled as to the nature of the underlying disorder and reversible causes of orthostatic hypotension should be removed. Should symptoms persist, pharmacological treatment is implemented. First line pharmacotherapeutic interventions include volume repletion in combination with alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists. If unsuccessful there are several supplementary agents with different mechanisms of action that may provide an additive effect.
A Half-century of Community Water Fluoridation in the United States: Review and Commentary

The nearly 50-year history of community water fluoridation is reviewed with the major emphasis on the benefits and safety of fluoridation. Other aspects of water fluoridation also described include the apparent reduction in measurable fluoridation benefits because of the abundance of other fluoride sources, the diffusion of fluoridation effects into fluoride-deficient communities, preemptive and posteruptive effects, technical and cost aspects, sociopolitical and legal issues that affect the successful fluoridation of communities, and alternatives to community water fluoridation. The majority of studies have evaluated the effectiveness of water fluoridation on the permanent teeth of children, while there are fewer studies on deciduous teeth and in adults; the relationship between fluoride ingestion and bone health needs further clarification; the sociopolitical issues of fluoridation need to be better understood.
Authorship in Radiation Oncology: Proliferation Trends Over 30 Years.

Purpose To investigate authorship trends in the radiation oncology literature. Methods and Materials We examined the authorship credits of "original research articles" within 2 popular radiation oncology journals– International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics and Radiotherapy and Oncology –in 1984, 1994, 2004, and 2014. We compared the number of authors per publication during these 4 time periods using simple linear regression as a test for trend. We investigated additional author characteristics in a subset of articles. Results A total of 2005 articles were eligible. The mean number of authors per publication rose from 4.3 in 1984 to 9.1 in 2014 ( P Conclusions The mean number of authors per publication has more than doubled over the last 30 years in the radiation oncology literature. Possible explanations include increasingly complex and collaborative research as well as honorary authorship. Explicit documentation of author contributions could help ensure that scientific work is credited according to accepted standards.
Three-dimensional visualization and analysis methodologies: a current perspective.

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging was developed to provide both qualitative and quantitative information about an object or object system from images obtained with multiple modalities including digital radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Three-dimensional imaging operations may be classified under four basic headings: preprocessing, visualization, manipulation, and analysis. Preprocessing operations (volume of interest, filtering, interpolation, registration, segmentation) are aimed at extracting or improving the extraction of object information in given images. Visualization operations facilitate seeing and comprehending objects in their full dimensionality and may be either scene-based or object-based. Manipulation may be either rigid or deformable and allows alteration of object structures and of relationships between objects. Analysis operations, like visualization operations, may be e...
Input Classes for Identifiability of Bilinear Systems

This paper asks what classes of input signals are sufficient in order to completely identify the input/output behavior of generic bilinear systems. The main results are that step inputs are not sufficient, nor are single pulses, but the family of all pulses (of a fixed amplitude but varying widths) do suffice for identification.
An evaluation of priority consistency in protocol architectures

Workstations for digital audio and video applications must support predictable processing, presentation, and transmission of continuous media data while making efficient use of limited hardware resources. The authors present techniques for managing network resources and processing messages in a predictable fashion. Their solutions use a novel structure for the protocol processing software, and they examine several alternatives and discuss the engineering tradeoffs associated with each. Using simulation, they evaluate their protocol processing structures and show that the more sophisticated structures can improve the response time and predictability of time-constrained messages. The ideas presented in this paper can be applied to resource management in the operating system and to the structuring of application-level servers. The designers of gateway machines (for internetwork routing) which handle both time-constrained traffic and non-time-constrained traffic may also benefit from this study. >
Mink Cell Line Mv 1 Lu (CCL 64). Focus Formation and the Generation of "Nonproducer" Transformed Cell Lines With Murine and Feline Sarcoma Viruses

Abstract Because of its flat regular growth in monolayer culture and its broad host range as a permissive cell for replication of a variety of mammalian type C viruses, the MvlLu mink cell line (CCL 64) has been found to be useful for focus forming assays of murine and feline sarcoma viruses, the generation of nonproducer murine and feline sarcoma virus-transformed cell lines, and the construction of sarcoma virus pseudotypes of mammalian type C viruses.
An Analysis of Sexual Assault in the U.S. Military, 2004-2009

From 2004 to 2009, U.S. military reports of sexual assault increased by 90%. Whether this reflects a real increase in sexual assaults, or just an increase in reporting, the Department of Defense has committed to reducing the prevalence of these brutal crimes. In order to better understand the problem of sexual assault and how it can be addressed, it is important to put this criminal behavior in its proper context. Previous research has identified several key reasons why military personnel are more likely to commit sexual assault during periods of war than they are in peacetime, including heightened (1) desires for power, (2) desires for sexual fulfillment, and (3) beliefs that there will be no consequences. This paper reviews this literature and presents initial evidence that these same factors may be contributing to the U.S. military’s current problem with sexual assault. Preliminary findings suggest that in the post 9/11 world, service members have increasingly struggled with compensatory desires for power, sexual frustrations abroad, and overly permissive environments where swift and serious punishments for bad behavior are far too rare.
UV-induced Coulomb crystallization in a dusty gas

Conditions are investigated for forming a Coulomb lattice of dust grains which are charged positively by the ultraviolet induced photoemission of electrons. >
Algal-availability of particulate phosphorus from diffuse and point sources in the lower Great Lakes basin

Control of phytoplankton production in the Great Lakes can be achieved most efficiently by limiting inputs of biologically available P. We report the results of studies performed to characterize the chemical forms and availability of particulate P in wastewater and tributaries which enter the lower Lakes, the eroding bluffs which border Lake Erie, and bottom samples from the near-shore of western Lake Erie. Rates of release of available P were estimated from a simple first-order model of the process, as observed during algal bioassays. Available P in wastewater samples, as a fraction of total particulate P, was affected minimally by wastewater treatment, including chemical precipitation and filtration; it correlated well with levels of total particulate P. Available particulate P levels in fluvial suspended sediments showed regional uniformity, but appeared to be strongly dependent on levels of both NaOH-P and CDB-P. Rates of release of available P decreased during wastewater treatment to values which were similar in magnitude to those observed for fluvial sediments. Release rates, however, were not related to any of the particulate P fractions which were measured. Analysis of the bluff and bottom samples indicated that P availability in the former was negligible, but the latter contained levels which approached those of wastewater particulates, though available P was released from the bottom sediments at relatively low rates.
Understanding Knowledge Creation, Transfer, and Application: Investigating Cooperative, Autonomous Systems Development Teams

Knowledge management has begun to play a key role in organizations and research activities alike. Knowledge can be classified as tacit (i.e., "knowing-how") and explicit (i.e., "knowing-what"). A gap exists in knowledge management research in that research has been dominated by an information technology perspective and tends to focus on explicit knowledge. This study seeks to address this gap by focusing on tacit knowledge management using tenets from cooperative learning theory. The research proposes that the sharing of tacit knowledge is made up of related sub-activities, and seeks more clarity in understanding autonomy, an antecedent that drives these activities. Furthermore, the research attempts to uncover the relationships between the tacit knowledge sharing sub-activities and the work outcomes produced by the knowledge work.
The effects of diet formulation, manufacturing technique, and antibiotic inclusion on broiler performance and intestinal morphology

SUMMARY Optimizing the diet formulation and manufacturing technique improves pellet quality. However, high pellet quality must equate to improved broiler performance to justify the increased cost output. The objective of the current study was 2-fold: 1) to assess broiler performance based on changes in pellet quality obtained by altering the diet formulation and manufacturing technique, and 2) to assess broiler performance when using pelleted diets including and excluding antibiotics. Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of 2 diet formulations (least cost or research based), 2 manufacturing techniques (thin die with a fast production rate or thick die with a slow production rate), and 2 antibiotic inclusions (including antibiotics or excluding antibiotics). Starter diets were fed in crumbled form and grower diets were fed in pelleted form. Antibiotic inclusion had no effect on broiler performance. Feeding the research-based formulation improved live weight gain and decreased fat pad yield compared with feeding the least-cost formulation. Moreover, the research-based formulation was found to be most beneficial for carcass and breast yield when the thin die plus fast production rate technique was used. In conclusion, to maximize broiler performance, the diet formulation and manufacturing technique must be considered.
Liberals, Conservatives and Your Tax Return: Partisan Politics and the Enforcement Activities of the IRS

This paper examines whether partisan politics influence the proportion of income tax returns audited by the IRS. I find that under Democratic presidencies the audit rate of income tax returns is higher than under Republican presidencies even after the inclusion of various political and economic controls. This difference is not constant across types of returns since during Democratic presidencies the IRS tends to audit fewer individual returns and more corporate returns than during Republican presidencies. Within the individual returns class, I find that under Democratic presidencies non-business returns are audited less frequently than business returns. Binding term limits do not affect these findings, regardless of partisan affiliation. These results contrast with recent evidence in the political economy literature that suggests that partisan politics affects mainly economic outcomes, such as growth and inflation rates, rather than the choice of policy instruments. Even though the declining trend in the number of income tax audits has been interpreted by the public as an indication that the IRS has become more tolerant of tax evasion, the results of this paper suggest that parties may be in fact resorting to more subtle redistributive policies, such as the likelihood of an audit, to favor their constituency.
Polaris Management: The Løgstør Rør a/s Journey

How does a private equity fund decide whether to cut its losses on a newly successful but somewhat unstable investment? Focusing on the exit valuation of an international manufacturing company, this case is designed for a second-year MBA elective called "Entrepreneurial Finance and Private Equity." The private equity fund owns a 33% share in a pipe manufacturer that has a roller-coaster history. Near bankruptcy soon after the fund’s 1999 acquisition of a 33% share, the company had turned around by 2006. Rising energy costs and a growing district heating and cooling market seemed to bode well for its future. Should the private equity investor stay the course or seek a buyer for its more than one-third interest in the company. How much was that interest worth? Was there a buyer?
Competition Aspects of New Mobile Payment Networks: The Case of Mobile Payments in Spain

This note reviews the Spanish experience with regulating the competition aspects of new mobile payment networks in the absence of formal technical standards. The saga is in two parts, as the strategy of the early movers, dominant telco Telefonica and leading bank BBVA, changed radically in mid-course. At first, they sought to create an industry platform where they tightly controlled the technical standards and delivery platform. Then they moved to a scheme where there was common industry ownership of the technical platform. As a result, they found themselves having to go to the competition authority twice: once to justify how their private agreement wasn’t going to shut out other players, and the second time to justify why their joint agreement with all other major industry players wasn’t going to have an anti-competitive impact.
Sulfur as a Stomach Insecticide

Elemental sulfur is well known as a fungicide and as a contact insecticide and fumigant. The authors wish to present in this paper results of insecticidal tests as indications that sulfur may also have limited use as a stomach poison.
THE IMPACT OF PREDATION ON LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION IN TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES: GENETIC BASIS OF OBSERVED LIFE HISTORY PATTERNS.

The evolution of life history patterns often has been inferred from correlations between the life histories and either population survivorship curves (e.g., Tinkle, 1972; Tinkle and Ballinger, 1972; Vinegar, 1975) or environmental factors suspected of affecting survivorship (Constantz, 1976, 1979; Maiorana, 1976; Stearns, 1976; Law et al., 1977). One difficulty with basing interpretations on survivorship curves is that one cannot distinguish between interpopulation differences in mortality due to external factors (possible sources of selection) and genetic factors that influence mortality (possible responses to selection). A general difficulty with the second approach is that the relationship between the suspected environmental variable and the pattern of mortality that it causes in the study organism is either unknown or poorly characterized; e.g., is the survivorship of adults only, juveniles only, or all age classes affected? The expected response of the affected populations depends strongly on this pattern of mortality (e.g., Gadgil and Bossert, 1970; Schaffer, 1974a, 1974b; Law, 1979; Michod, 1979; Charlesworth, 1980). In few systems is the pattern of mortality known with confidence. In addition to these difficulties, it is rarely known whether there is a genetic basis to observed interpopulation differences in life histories. Establishing this genetic basis is fundamental to concluding that these differences are an evolved response to demographic selection. Most
Protective effect of cortisone on induced asthma in the guinea pig.

SummaryIn a significant percentage of sensitized guinea pigs cortisone was found to be effective in inhibiting or delaying the symptoms of asthma induced by an aerosolized antigen.
Homogeneity of erythropoietin in its effect on self-replication and differentiation of erythropoietin-responsive cells.

SummaryThe ERC differentiation-inducing and the ERC proliferation-stimulating effects of 5 erythropoietin preparations were examined to determine whether the two effects were exerted by one or two biological entities. The Ep preparations included human and sheep Ep and ranged in purity from 161 to 0.38 units/mg. Injections at 4 dose levels in Myleran-suppressed mice failed to reveal any differences in the capability of the 5 preparations to stimulate ERC proliferation indicating that the two effects are very likely exerted by the same hormone.
Bereavement and the Dsm5

Close personal relationships are very important in our lives. Our closest relationships help us regulate our bodies and minds and contribute importantly to our sense of wellbeing (Hofer, 1984; Mikulincer, Orbach, & Iavnieli, 1998; Sbarra & Hazan, 2008). Losing a close attachment is usually one of the most difficult experiences we ever have. Bereavement often leaves us dazed and confused about how to understand the loss and navigate the future. Acute grief takes us out of our ongoing life and focuses our attention on our deceased loved one. Grief is finely tuned to each loss situation with a pattern and course that is unique to each person and each relationship.
An intercomparison of Landsat land surface temperature retrieval methods under variable atmospheric conditions using in situ skin temperature

Abstract Land surface temperature retrieved from Landsat is a valuable resource for understanding land cover change, monitoring the urban heat island effect, and modeling hydrological and carbon cycles, among other applications. However, this dataset is underutilized, in part because it is difficult to accurately correct for atmospheric interference, and in part because it is difficult to validate the resulting LST dataset. As a result, it is often challenging to verify the accuracy of LST calculated from historical data. Currently, three correction methods are commonly used to retrieve land surface temperature from single-band Landsat TIR data—the radiative transfer equation (RTE), the mono-window algorithm (MWA), and the generalized single-channel (GSC) method. Based on current research, it is often unclear which method is best applied in different circumstances and what the actual achieved accuracy is—especially when these methods are employed as they would be for actual applications, rather than under validation conditions. This study retrieves LST from two years’ worth of clear-sky Landsat 5 TM data using all three methods, as well as LST with no atmospheric correction, and validates the results against on-the-ground skin temperature measurements from twenty-five Oklahoma Mesonet stations. Additionally, LST results using both modeled transmittance values and transmittance values based on precipitable water vapor are assessed, as are results from dates with both high and low precipitable water vapor. Results suggest that the MWA method using modeled transmittance is the most robust, with results statistically indistinguishable from Mesonet skin temperature for the complete dataset and a cloud-free subset, as well as for subsets above and below 2 g/cm 2 precipitable water vapor. The RTE method using modeled atmospheric parameters is also appropriate in some circumstances.
Determination of Diphenylamine in Air of Workplace by Capillary Gas Chromatography

Objective To establish a method to determine diphenylamine in the air of workplace by capillary gas chromatography.Methods The air samples for diphenylamine in workplace was taken with silica gel tubes and eluted with ethanol,separated by SE-54 capillary column and determined by gas chromatography under the optimal instrument conditions.The experimental study was carried out according to the requirements of 'Regulation of Studies on the Determination of Toxicants in the Air of Workplace.' Results Diphenylamine showed good linearity at the range of 0-815.2μg/ml(r=0.999 7).The limit of detection was 0.35μg(S/N=3;injection volume,1μl) and the limit of quantification was 0.12mg/m3(3L of air sample).Samples with high,middle and low concentrations were re-determined for 6 times and the RSD was 1.2%-4.3% with the desorption efficiency at the range of 90.32% to 102.07%.Benzene,methylbenzene,xylene,acetone,o-phenylenediamine,dibutyl phthalate and benzdine,which might coexist with diphenylamine in the air of workplace,had no interference on the determination of diphenylamine.Conclusion The method can meet the requirements of 'Regulation of Studies on the Determination of Toxicants in the Air of Workplace,' which is suitable to determine the diphenylamine in the air of workplace.
The selective inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis in E. coli by 2,4-Dinitrophenol.

2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP), when added to cultures of Escherichia coli in concentrations not greatly in excess of those required to inhibit growth, exhibits marked inhibition of RNA synthesis, while little effect on DNA and protein synthesis is seen. The selectivity disappears rapidly with increasing concentrations of DNP. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that low concentrations of DNP inhibit primarily the synthesis of ribosomal RNA with relatively slight effects on the synthesis of messenger and transfer RNA’s. At the concentrations at which selectivity is observed, neither oxidative phosphorylation nor transport of uracil across the cell membrane appears to be affected appreciably by DNP. The similarities and differences between the modes of action of levorphanol and of DNP are discussed.
Targeting the brain as a cure for type 2 diabetes

A recent study has shown that a single dose of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 into the central nervous system (CNS) of various mouse and rat models of type 2 diabetes results in profound and exceptionally long-lasting reductions in blood glucose. This work raises the possibility of truly revolutionary therapies for individuals with type 2 diabetes that target the brain FGF system.
The Middle Theory of Thought

In this section we consider what the middle basis is, and what changes the shift to that basis brought about.
Dielectric measurements at extremely low frequencies

Successful dielectric measurements on soda lime glasses at frequencies down to 0.1 cycle per second were made by Stevels in 1953 at the Philips Research Laboratories. He used a phase shift oscillator directly coupled to a simple resistance-capacitance bridge. A long period galvanometer was used as a null detector.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic intrusions and batholiths of the circum-Pacific region as analogues of pre-Phanerozoic batholiths: A summary

This report is a summary of part of a review presented at the Eighth International Conference on Basement Tectonics. The review had four main components: (1) systematic analysis of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic batholiths and intrusions that ring the Pacific Basin — their modal compositions, chemical characteristics, internal and external structural features, and tectonic settings; (2) application of the results of the above analysis to determine which characteristics are common to most of the batholiths, which ones are uncommon, and which are potentially diagnostic as to tectonic setting; (3) classification of the characteristics identified during the above examination to establish a framework or scheme appropriate for both summarizing the essential information on the circum-Pacific batholiths and applying that information to other batholiths in the world; and (4) actual application of the classification scheme thus developed to a few prePhanerozoic batholiths to test whether it would aid in deducing their original tectonic environments. This summary emphasizes the last two components.
Gender differences in SCRABBLE performance and associated engagement in purposeful practice activities

In two studies, the SCRABBLE skill of male and female participants at the National SCRABBLE Championship was analyzed and revealed superior performance for males. By collecting increasingly detailed information about the participants’ engagement in practice-related activities, we found that over half of the variance in SCRABBLE performance was accounted for by measures of starting ages and the amount of different types of practice activities. Males and females did not differ significantly in the benefits to their performance derived from engagement in SCRABBLE-specific practice alone (purposeful practice). However, gender differences in performance were fully mediated by lower engagement in purposeful practice by females and by their rated preference for playing games of SCRABBLE—an activity where more extended engagement is not associated with increased SCRABBLE performance. General implications from our account of gender differences in skill acquisition are discussed, and future research is proposed for how the duration of engagement in effective deliberate practice can be experimentally manipulated.
Conocimiento, escepticismo y poder en En la vida todo es verdad y todo mentira de Calderón

Previous critics of Pedro Calderon de la Barca’s late play En la vida todo es verdad y todo mentira have correctly pointed out the debt that the piece owes to skeptical premises, either from Graeco-Roman sources or from Renaissance recastings, but these treatments have generally not taken into consideration three factors which limit the degree to which En la vida could be termed a drama of skepticism: (1) Much of the uncertainty surrounding identities and events stems, not from a general incapacity of humans to possess certain knowledge, but from the manipulation of knowledge and ignorance by individual interests or for reasons of state. (2) Although the neo- Aristotelian tradition in dramatic theory was often rejected by Spanish baroque dramatists, they still accepted that each drama needed a comprehensible, summarizable story line, thus limiting the scope of plot ambiguity, no matter what ambiguities arose from other elements. (3) Calderon’s characters, no matter how much they may discourse on their inability to know certain facts, must at certain points take action and move the plot forward, often in spite of their uncertainty.
Overcoming Barriers to Health Care Utilization by Transgender/gender Nonconforming Youth.

Abstract Transgender and gender non-conforming youth report significantly lower levels of physical and mental health and health care utilization compared to their peers according to a recent study. TGNC youth must overcome unique barriers to access health-affirming health care. It is important that providers develop competency to work with adolescents whose perceived gender expression transgresses social expectations. Although many health care providers did not receive education about gender identity in school, all health care providers have access to resources outlining how to support transgender youth. Resources are provided to help health care providers help reduce health disparities in this important and valued population.
Software Security Testing via Misuse Case Modeling

Software security testing is an important technique for discovering software vulnerabilities that violate security requirements. Existing security testing methods, however, seldom generate security tests directly from security requirements specifications. To address this issue, this paper presents an approach for constructing security test models from the artifacts of misuse case modeling (i.e., use/misuse cases and mitigation use cases), which is a popular method for security requirements specification in the software development process. The security test models can then be used to automatically generate security tests, which consist of test inputs (normal behaviors from use cases and attack actions from misuse cases) and test oracles from mitigation use cases. We have applied the approach to two case studies. One case study demonstrates that the proposed approach can build security test models in a structured fashion such that the generated security tests are as effective as reported in the literature. The second case study applies the proposed approach to an ongoing software development project. The security tests have revealed at least 24 vulnerabilities, and are very helpful for the development team to improve the security of the software implementation. This demonstrates that the proposed approach is effective in the software development process.