cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Non-Contrast-Enhanced Steady-State Free Precession Angiography with Compressed Sensing

Flow-independent angiography offers the ability to produce vessel images without contrast agents. Angiograms are acquired with magnetization-prepared three-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession sequences, where the phase encodes are interleaved and the preparation is repeated prior to each interleaf. The frequent repetition of the preparation significantly decreases the scan efficiency. The number of excitations can instead be reduced with compressed sensing by exploiting the compressibility of the angiograms. Hence, the phase encodes can be undersampled to save scan time without significantly degrading image quality. These savings can be allotted for preparing the magnetization more often, or alternatively, improving resolution. The enhanced resolution and contrast achieved with the proposed method are demonstrated with lower leg angiograms. Depiction of the vasculature is significantly improved with the increased resolution in the phase-encode plane and higher blood-to-background contrast.
Electronic structure models of oxygen adsorption at the solvated, electrified Pt(111) interface

The adsorption of molecular oxygen is the first step in the oxygen reduction reaction. Influences of interfacial water structure and electrode potential on oxygen adsorption to the Pt(111) surface were evaluated using density functional theory. Two approaches were used to model the electrification of the interface, an applied homogeneous electric field and the double-reference method of Filhol, Taylor, and Neurock. The free energy change for molecular oxygen replacement of water at the surface shows qualitatively different trends between the two models. The inclusion of solvation effects and direct control of the electrode potential offered by the double-reference method lead to the conclusion that O2 replacement of water is favorable at all potentials studied, and O2 binding becomes more favorable with increasing potential. This trend is contrary to that observed using an external electric field model to represent the electrochemical double layer, and arises due to the compounded effect of potential on water–surface, oxygen–surface, and water–molecular oxygen interactions. These results indicate that oxygen replacement of adsorbed water does not limit the overall oxygen reduction reaction rate at a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathode. The impacts of aspects of model construction (number of water layers, water density) and variation of electrode potential on the O2–Pt(111) interaction are described.
A method that determines optimal grain size and inherent parallelism concurrently

Grain packing is an important problem to the development of efficient parallel programs. It is desirable that the grain packing can be performed automatically, so that the programmer can write parallel programs without being troubled by the details of parallel-programming languages and parallel architectures, and the same parallel program can be executed efficiently on different machines. This paper presents a 2D Compression (2DC) grain packing method for determining optimal grain size and inherent parallelism concurrently. This ability is mainly due to 2DC's continuing efforts for achieving conflicting objectives. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DC increases the solution effectiveness, in comparison with state-of-art approaches that aim at economizing either speedup or resource utilization. Additionally, 2DC can determine inherent parallelism, which means that users will no longer be required to specify the number of processors before the compilation stage.
Agriculture Pricing In Development Countries: An Application To Pakistan

The range of and constraints on policy instruments available to the government when raising and distributing revenue can have important consequences for the efficiency and equity implications of pricing policy. The usual trade-off between equity and efficiency is magnified. We emphasize the potential for substantial efficiency gains from reforming agricultural pricing policies and from developing more direct income transfer mechanisms. The importance of incorporating cross-price effects is highlighted and we show that these can change the direction of welfare-improving marginal price reforms.
Traffic flow characteristics of heterogeneous pedestrian stream involving individuals with disabilities

Walking facilities such as walkways and stairs are important infrastructure that must be designed to accommodate pedestrian behavior to be effective. Heterogeneity in pedestrian composition is one important factor generally overlooked in guidelines and handbooks for walking facility design. Specifically, individuals with different types of disabilities are often overlooked because of the lack of available data. In response, a controlled large-scale research project was conducted at Utah State University to study the performance of various walking environments under heterogeneous pedestrian streams involving individuals with visual and mobility impairments. These environments included a passageway, types of angles (right and oblique), bottlenecks, queuing areas, and stairs. The goals of this study were (a) to investigate macroscopic characteristics of heterogeneous pedestrian streams in various walking environments by using traffic flow fundamental diagrams and (b) to analyze the walking speeds of differen...
FRIED FOOD CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN THE PHYSICIANS’ HEALTH STUDY

Consumption of fried foods is highly prevalent worldwide. Despite reports of a positive association between fried food consumption (FFC) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, only limited data exist on its relation with mortality from
Consumer Expenditures for Services in the United States

OMPARED to the attention given to consumer expenditures on durable and nondurable goods, relatively little study has been made of consumer expenditures for services. Those studies that have been made are largely by-products of other, broader investigations and have not gone into the matter of trends in service expenditures or factors influencing them with any great detail.2 In view of this fact and in view of the growing importance of service expenditures in the consumer budget, the present study of the subject has been undertaken. The objective of the present article is to examine the growth in total service expenditures, and by major components, in the United States both absolutely and in relation to income and other consumer
Are Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Examinations Useful in Evaluating Hematological Malignancy in Neurological Disease? (P6.289)

Objective: To determine the diagnostic utility of serial CSF examinations for possible hematological malignancy in neurological disease. Background: Three serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations are traditionally recommended to diagnose hematological malignancy as the underlying cause of neurological disease. Increased detection sensitivity with modern laboratory techniques calls into question this recommendation. Methods: All CSF cytology reports at Mayo Clinic Rochester 2005-2014 (n=20,018) were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: repeated CSF examinations within one year in patients without known hematological malignancy to determine if a hematological malignancy was the cause for the underlying neurological symptoms. Exclusion criteria were: known history of hematological malignancy; >1 year between CSF examinations, serial CSF examinations for infection or tumor surveillance or intra-thecal therapies, and serial CSF examinations for assessment or treatment of CSF dynamics e.g. idiopathic intracranial hypertension, CSF shunt or persistent CSF leak. Initial investigations were for patients undergoing 3 diagnostic CSF procedures; subsequently those undergoing 2 diagnostic CSF procedures were also investigated. Results: 613 patients met the study criteria and underwent >2 CSF examinations. 136 had 3 diagnostic CSF procedures for hematological malignancy in neurological disease and 0 were found to have malignancy on only the third CSF. 477 had 2 CSF examinations and only 2 patients were found to have hematological malignancy exclusively on the second CSF (0.4[percnt]). Both were diagnosed as large B-cell lymphomas; 1 of the 2 had a confirmatory biopsy performed. 7 other patients had a second or third CSF exam performed due to an initial CSF study that showed atypical cells or flow studies that showed a very small clonal B-cell population. Conclusions: Serial CSF procedures are of low yield to diagnose hematological malignancy as a cause of neurological disease in patients without known hematological malignancy and are best done to confirm atypical features seen in an initial CSF examination. Disclosure: Dr. Scharf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Curtis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Keegan has received research support from Terumo BCT.
Integration and segregation in speech perception.

Int.egration and segregation are hypothetical perceptual functions (or processes) that link physical structures in the world with mental structures in the brain. An integrative function maps multiple physical units (trivially, a single physical unit) onto a single mental unit, whereas a segregative function maps multiple physical units (sometimes, paradoxically, a single physical unit) onto different mental units. Though mutually exclusive for any particular physical structure at any given time, these two processes nevertheless cooperate in sorting a complex stream of sensory inputs into an orderly sequence of perceived objects and events. These definit.ions seem rather straightforward, but they rest on four import.ant assumptions: (1) The physical and mental worlds are not isomorphic. (2) There are objectively definable units in the physical world. (3) There are units in the mental world that are different from the physical units. (4) There are perceptual functions or processes that accomplish the mapping between the two types of units. I will briefly defend each of these assumptions; at the end of this presentation, I will consider the consequences of abandoning some or all of them. The first assumption, that the mental world is not isomorphic with the physical world, reflects the facts that physical variables are filtered and transformed by sensory systems, that perception is a function not only of the current sensory input but also of the past history of the organism, and that there is often an element of choice in percept.ion that permits alternative perceptual organizations for the same sensory input. Without this assumption, it would be difficult to say anything meaningful about perception, except that it happens.
General principles and specific problems in bioequivalence study

This article gives a systemic introduction of general principles and some specific problems in bioequivalence(BE) studies,based on comprehensive review of all the FDA's final copy for Individual Product Bioequivalence Recommendations.Wish to give some suggestions to the design and evaluation of drug BE studies in China.
Can life-style changes reverse coronary atherosclerosis?

“It seemed to me that bypass surgery had become a metaphor for an incomplete approach to coronary heart disease: bypassing the problem without also dealing with the underlying causes…. What would happen if those causes were addressed more directly?” The author goes on to describe an intensive risk-modification regimen to arrest or even reverse progression of atherosclerosis.
Can implementation support help community-based settings better deliver evidence-based sexual health promotion programs? A randomized trial of Getting To Outcomes®

Research is needed to evaluate the impact of implementation support interventions over and above typical efforts by community settings to deploy evidence-based prevention programs. Enhancing Quality Interventions Promoting Healthy Sexuality is a randomized controlled trial testing Getting To Outcomes (GTO), a 2-year implementation support intervention. It compares 16 Boys and Girls Club sites implementing Making Proud Choices (MPC, control group), a structured teen pregnancy prevention evidence-based program with 16 similar sites implementing MPC augmented with GTO (intervention group). All sites received training and manuals typical for MPC. GTO has its own manuals, training, and onsite technical assistance (TA) to help practitioners complete key programming practices specified by GTO. During the first year, TA providers helped the intervention group adopt, plan, and deliver MPC. This group then received training on the evaluation and quality improvement steps of GTO, including feedback reports summarizing their data, which were used in a TA-facilitated quality improvement process that yielded revised plans for the second MPC implementation. This paper presents results regarding GTO’s impact on performance of the sites (i.e., how well key programming practices were carried out), fidelity of MPC implementation, and the relationship between amount of TA support, performance, and fidelity. Performance was measured using ratings made from a standardized, structured interview conducted with participating staff at all 32 Boys and Girls Clubs sites after the first and second years of MPC implementation. Multiple elements of fidelity (adherence, classroom delivery, dosage) were assessed at all sites by observer ratings and attendance logs. After 2 years, the intervention sites had higher ratings of performance, adherence, and classroom delivery (dosage remained similar). Higher performance predicted greater adherence in both years. These findings suggest that in typical community-based settings, manuals and training common to structured EBPs may be sufficient to yield low levels of performance and moderate levels of fidelity but that systematic implementation support is needed to achieve high levels of performance and fidelity. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01818791
Sodium dependence of transmitter uptake at adrenergic nerve terminals.

The uptake of norepinephrine into the sympathetic innervation of the isolated rat heart was dependent on the presence of sodium ions in the external medium, but was not affected by the absence of calcium ions. The sodium dependence of norepinephrine uptake is further evidence for the view that this process is mediated by an active transport system in adrenergic nerve terminals. Similar sodium-dependent uptake processes may be present at other chemically transmitting synapses.
Prostaglandins E2 and I2 cause greater relaxations in pulmonary veins than in arteries of newborn lambs

Gao, Yuansheng, Haiyan Zhou, Basil O. Ibe, and J. Usha Raj.Prostaglandins E2 and I2 cause greater relaxations in pulmonary veins than in arteries of newborn lambs. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2534–253...
Modeling the performance of cross-flow filtration based on particle adhesion

Abstract A mathematical model for predicting filtrate flux decay in cross flow is given. The formation of a cake in cross-flow filtration results in a decay of the filtrate flux. The growth of the cake is dependent upon the shear at the cake's surface and the filtrate flow normal to it. It is possible to predict the growth of the filter cake thickness in cross-flow based the concept that the cake surface growth is controlled by the adhesion of particles. This yields criteria for growth and also determines the filtrate flux and its decay. Unlike most previous studies, the parameters required for estimating the filtrate flux can be calculated directly based on operating conditions or they can be determined from independent measurements. Example calculation results are given and further improvement of the procedure discussed.
More Than Meets the Eye: A Primer for "Timing of Locomotor Recovery from Anoxia Modulated by the White Gene in Drosophila Melanogaster"

SummaryA single gene might have several functions within an organism, and so mutational loss of that gene has multiple effects across different physiological systems in the organism. Though the white gene in Drosophila melanogaster was identified originally for its effect on fly eye color, an article by Xiao and Robertson in the June 2016 issue of GENETICS describes a function for the white gene in the response of Drosophila to oxygen deprivation. This Primer article provides background information on the white gene, the phenomenon of pleiotropy, and the molecular and genetic approaches used in the study to demonstrate a new behavioral function for the white gene.
Venècia i la memòria involuntària. Henri de Régnier precursor de Marcel Proust

L’objectiu d’aquest article es rellegir la idea de memoria involuntaria de Marcel Proust prenent en consideracio un dels precedents literaris que la va fer possible, els relats i esbossos venecians d’Henri de Regnier. La relectura dels passatges sobre Venecia d’ Albertine disparue en relacio amb la manera de narrar el somieig i la memoria en l’autor dels Esquisses venitiennes permet subratllar la importancia de l’obra d’aquest en el desenllac de A la recherche du temps perdu , i, en definitiva, amb el conjunt de la concepcio proustiana de l’escriptura.
A novel kill-chain framework for remote security log analysis with SIEM software

Network security investigations pose many challenges to security analysts attempting to identify the root cause of security alarms or incidents. Analysts are often presented with cases where either incomplete information is present, or an overwhelming amount of information is presented in a disorganized manner. Either scenario greatly impacts the ability for incident responders to properly identify and react to security incidents when they occur. The framework presented in this paper draws upon previous research pertaining to cyber threat modeling with kill-chains, as well as the practical application of threat modeling to forensic. Modifications were made to conventional kill-chain models to facilitate logical data aggregation within a relational database collecting data across disparate remote sensors resulting in more detailed alarms to security analysts. The framework developed in this paper proved effective in identifying the relationship of security alarms along a continuum of expected behaviors conducive to executing security investigations in a methodical manner. This framework effectively addressed incomplete or inadequate alarm information through aggregation, and provided a methodology for organizing related data and conducting standard investigations. Both improvements proved instrumental in the effective identification of security threats in a more expeditious manner.
Development and Validation of Quantitative Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Liver.

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used to control rodent populations; however, exposure to nontarget animals occurs. A sensitive and rugged quantitative method was developed, optimized, and validated for eight ARs in liver. Target analytes comprised two chemical classes: hydroxycoumarins (warfarin, coumachlor, dicoumarol, bromadiolone, brodifacoum, and difethialone) and indanediones (diphacinone and chlorophacinone). In this method, liver extracts were cleaned using dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) to remove matrix interferences and analyzed by reverse phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Electrospray ionization in negative ion mode combined with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer provided simultaneous confirmation and quantitation. Detection limits spanned 0.75–25 ng/g, and lower quantitation limits were established as 50 ng/g. Interassay method accuracy ranged from 92 to 110% across the analytical rang...
Meditations on the Psalms in words and images: an arts-integrated spiritual practice

ABSTRACTRobert McDowell (2008. Poetry as spiritual practice (Kindle ed.). New York: Free Press) defines poetry as spiritual practice as “reading poems, writing your own poems and making them a part of your daily rituals, aspirations, and intentions” (Introduction, para. 5). I engaged in daily meditations on the Psalms in words and images by reading a Psalm, creating a mandala, then writing a poetic response. This practice incorporated poetry as spiritual practice, the I/Thou wholeness of mandala making, and the life-encompassing worship inherent to the Psalms. This spiritual practice rested on the foundations of expressive arts therapy as presented by Shaun McNiff (2009. Unifying elements for all media. In Integrating the arts in therapy: History, theory, and practice. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas) – structure and freedom, witnessing and responding, and the creative space. This practice could be modified for use with any poetic text that lends itself to insight, personal growth, and self-reflection....
Gender and Generational Differences in Political Reporters’ Interactivity on Twitter

A content analysis of US political reporters examines how journalists’ age and gender influence their interactivity on Twitter with citizens, politicians, organizations, and fellow journalists. Findings contribute to the concept of normalization, which suggests that journalists do not take advantage of new technology’s engagement opportunities. Male political reporters were nearly twice as likely as female reporters to engage in the most genuine form of interactivity, and Generation X reporters were far more involved than Millennials in having back-and-forth conversations with citizens. The results show the degree to which journalistic normalization of Twitter depends on the gender and generation of the reporters involved.
Premature labor and premature rupture of the membranes

Abstract The effects of prolonged rupture of membranes upon the outcome of the mother and the fetus remain a problem in obstetrics. In an attempt to correlate the time interval between premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and the onset of labor prior to term and maternal and perinatal outcome, a retrospective study was done in patients admitted to the Duke University Medical Center during the 5 year interval 1971 to 1975. Of these patients, 184 had premature labor prior to the rupture of membranes and 151 had PROM. A total of 335 pregnant patients who bore infants weighing from 1,000 to 2,500 grams were studied. Only infants of appropriate weight for their gestational age at birth and without apparent fetal malformations were included in the study. The time interval between rupture of membranes and onset of labor and delivery ranged from 0 hours to 4 weeks. All the patients were divided into three groups according to birth weight. For each group with PROM, the length of time of rupture of membranes prior to labor was compared with the development of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and maternal and neonatal infections. Infants from mothers with premature labor only were used as a reference group. Statistically, the data demonstrated a decrease in RDS in infants weighing from 1,000 to 1,500 grams with an increase in duration of rupture of membranes. This incidence of RDS was not altered when birth weight was above 1,500 grams. The development of fetal pulmonary maturity and the effect of time in relationship to the development of maternal and fetal infections and a possible time for delivery following PROM are discussed.
Factors Affecting the Development and Evaluation of Handicapped Children

Part III of this volume presents two major intervention strategies for children with deviant development. Dr. Campbell has provided a lucid and organized summary of the current status of a range of biological agents that have been used in the treatment of psychotic children. The varied responses of patients with the same diagnosis tend to underscore the opinions that state that the types of childhood psychoses have yet to be clearly identified. The degree of responsiveness to specific medications can, in some degree, supply clues to biochemical imbalances that exist in such children. However, we are still unable to predict with certainty how such psychotic children will respond to a given pharmacological agent. Of necessity, drug-therapy research continues to be largely empirical, both in methodology and in our understanding of the effects of such drugs.
Cumulative migration method for computing rigorous diffusion coefficients and transport cross sections from Monte Carlo

Abstract The cumulative migration method (CMM) for computing lattice-homogenized multi-group neutron diffusion coefficients and transport cross sections from Monte Carlo is proposed in this paper. CMM is demonstrated to be both rigorous and computationally efficient, while eliminating inaccuracies inherent in commonly-applied transport approximations. In the limit of a homogeneous hydrogen slab, the new method is shown to be equivalent to the long-used, and only-recently-published CASMO transport correction method employed for production LWR analysis. Results demonstrate that CMM can produce rigorous few-group assembly-homogenized diffusion coefficients directly from heterogeneous Monte Carlo lattice tallies—without requiring the intermediate step of tallying of fine-group cross section data commonly required for P 1 or B 1 calculations of diffusion coefficients. Comparisons with several common diffusion coefficient approximations are made for both simple homogeneous media and fully heterogeneous lattices. CMM is demonstrated to produce 2-group diffusion data for the BEAVRS PWR lattices, as well as 11-group directional-dependent diffusion coefficients for the TREAT graphite/fuel lattices. Core flux distributions and eigenvalues computed using CMM diffusion coefficients are demonstrated to be more accurate than those obtained with traditional methods for approximating diffusion coefficients.
p53 regulates expression of the early response gene tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 in macrophage (IRM6P.660)

The cell response to pathogens involves complex signaling cascades that affect expression of thousands of genes. Characterization of the regulation and function of genes involved in the stress response is critical since failure of this response can foster the development of chronic disorders such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. A growing body of evidence shows a role for the transcription factor p53 in the immune response. To better characterize the role of p53 in the innate immune response, we performed a microarray in primary human macrophages and identified the gene Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Induced Protein-8 ( TNFAIP8 ) as novel p53 target. ChIP-seq analysis shows strong binding of p53 to an intragenic region within TNFAIP8 , which contains a functional p53 response element as confirmed with reporter assays. This region is an enhancer, since ChIP assays show enhancer-like histone modifications and 3C assays indicate chromatin looping with the promoter region. Very little is known about TNFAIP8 function; however, Tnfaip8 was previously reported to confer resistance to Staphylococcus aureus , suggesting a role in host defense. Studies are currently underway to characterize expression regulation and functions of TNFAIP8 in macrophages in response to TLR ligands. These results provide a better understanding of the role of p53 in the innate immune response and the regulation and function of the understudied TNFAIP8 gene.
Changes in the elemental (C, N) and isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) composition of estuarine plants during diagenesis and implications for ecological studies

Abstract Stable isotopes have been used to quantify the contributions of plant-derived detritus in nutrient cycling and energy flow based on the assumption that mixtures reflect the isotopic composition of their sources. However, during the decay process, the plant detritus carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures may vary from that of the original plant material. This fractionation during plant decomposition may impose limitations on the interpretation of results based on the stable isotopes approach. Studies investigating this process for estuarine primary producers have shown contrasting results, and for some producers, they are still scarce. The present study investigated the temporal variations in the elemental (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C:N ratios) and isotopic (δ 13C, δ15N) compositions of C3 and C4 salt marsh plants ( Scirpus maritimus and Spartina densiflora , respectively), seagrass ( Ruppia maritima ) and opportunistic macroalgae ( Rhizoclonium sp.) during decomposition. For this purpose, an in situ experiment using litterbag incubations was conducted in a shallow water ( m) estuarine site over twelve weeks to investigate the plant decomposition process under the natural variability of environmental conditions (i.e., freshwater discharge, dissolved inorganic nitrogen availability, water salinity and temperature). Our results indicated that detritus biomass and nutrient mineralization rates varied among the different estuarine plant species. Overall decreases in the C:N ratios primarily resulted from total organic carbon losses. However, low variations in δ 13C ( N values during plant material degradation suggests, to some extent, N-limitation of microbial growth . The observed low levels of isotopic fractionation during decomposition support the usefulness of stable isotopes as natural tracers of organic matter. Nonetheless, to investigate the effects of several environmental and biotic factors on nutrient isotopic fractionation during plant decay and their implications for ecological studies, we emphasize the need for further experimental studies performed under distinct environmental conditions.
Mutagen-Sensitive Mutants in Neurospora

Initial work on the fungus Neurospora crassa has shown that at least two DNA-repair systems exist in this eukaryote: excision repair and a mutation-prone repair. The evidence suggests that there is also a third repair system. Recently, new mutagen-sensitive strains have been isolated in several laboratories, but they are not yet fully characterized. A hunt for cytoplasmically inherited UV sensitivity has failed to turn up any such mutants among 25 new UV-sensitive isolates.
Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World, 2nd Edition

(2003). Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World, 2nd Edition. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 57-58.
Self-Adjointness, $$\varvec{m}$$ m -Accretivity, and Separability for Perturbations of Laplacian and Bi-Laplacian on Riemannian Manifolds

Let $$\Delta _{A}$$ and $$\Delta ^2_{A}$$ be the magnetic Laplacian and magnetic bi-Laplacian (with a smooth magnetic field A) on a geodesically complete Riemannian manifold M and let V be a real-valued function on M. We give a sufficient condition for the essential self-adjointness of $$\Delta _{A}+V$$ on the space of smooth compactly supported functions on M. Additionally, we provide sufficient conditions for the m-accretivity of the operator sum $$T^{(p)}_{\Delta _{A}}+T^{(p)}_{V}$$ and the self-adjointness of $$T^{(2)}_{\Delta ^2_{A}}+T^{(2)}_{V}$$ , where $$T^{(p)}_{\Delta _{A}}$$ , $$T^{(p)}_{\Delta ^2_{A}}$$ , $$T^{(p)}_{V}$$ are the “maximal” operators in $$L^p(M)$$ , $$1<p<\infty $$ , corresponding to $$\Delta _{A}$$ , $$\Delta ^2_{A}$$ , and V. As a consequence of these results, we obtain the separation property for $$\Delta _{A}+V$$ in $$L^{p}(M)$$ and the same property for $$\Delta ^2_{A}+V$$ in $$L^2(M)$$ . In some results pertaining to $$\Delta ^2_{A}+V$$ , we assume that the Ricci curvature of M is bounded from below by a (possibly unbounded) non-positive function depending on the distance from a reference point.
UNIX Host Administration in a Hererogeneous Distributed Computing Environment

Managing a computing environment consisting of hundreds of systems from multiple vendors and hundreds of users dispersed over several buildings of a research campus is a complex task. We developed a data model for representing pertinent information about our computing environment and implemented this model in a database that tracks equipment, users, and accounts. We created software that automates much of the data collection, maintains the database, and provides easy access to commonly requested information. For example, a user can find out which hosts he or she has an account on, or learn the hardware and software configuration of any host on the local network. We also created software that automates many of the tasks involved in account creation, deletion, and modification, which reduces the burden on support staff by allowing privileged users to manage accounts on their own systems.
Subsequent Work on Christoffel’s Problem about Determining a Surface from Local Measurements

Christoffel’s paper [1865] „Ueber die Bestimmung der Gestalt einer krummen Oberflache...“, discussed in W. Klingenberg’s lecture, treats the following questions. Given a function o over the unit sphere Ω of directions u, is there a convex surface E whose sum of principal radii of curvature equals o(u) at that point where the outer normal direction to E is u? To what extent is E unique? Here convex surface means the whole boundary of a convex compactum: the setting is Euclidean space of dimension n ≥ 3. Christoffel answered these questions by solving appropriate Poisson equations by Green’s function methods. For this he required the facts that the integral of uo(u) over Ω to be the zero vector and the integral of o(u) over each hemisphere to be positive. His work was incomplete because it neglected the convexity assumption, which occurs quite indirectly in the paper. Christoffel also showed that E is unique up to a translation.
Thromboelastography, My Dear Doctor

A 63-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction and unstable angina is scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A preoperative ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant sample is submitted to the blood bank for type and screen along with a request for crossmatch of four units of red blood cells (RBCs) in preparation for the surgery.
Wednesday, September 26, 2018 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM Spinal Trauma: 53. Correlation of PROMIS physical function and pain interference CAT instruments with Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Disability Index in spine trauma patients

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were not intended for spine trauma patients but are routinely used for such purposes. To date the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has not been studied in the spine trauma population. A patient reported outcome (PRO) instrument that is efficient and applicable to spine trauma patients would be ideal. PURPOSE To identify correlation between legacy outcome questionnaires (ODI, NDI) with PROMIS physical function (PF), pain interference (PI) and depression. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cross-sectional analysis, Level I trauma center. PATIENT SAMPLE Sixty-three spine trauma patients with 384 office encounters where PROs were completed. OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation between PROMIS and ODI/NDI METHODS Sixty-three spine trauma patients treated by one surgeon at a level 1 trauma center between 1/1/15 and 12/31/17 were enrolled. Patient-reported outcome from 384 encounters was used for analysis. Fifty-seven patients underwent surgical intervention and 6 patients had a halo vest applied. The ODI was administered for thoracic/lumbar/sacral trauma while the NDI was administered for cervical trauma. Normality of distributions were assessed with Shapiro-Wilk test. PROMIS scores were not normally distributed in our cohort, therefore the nonparametric Spearman rho correlation was performed between ODI and NDI with PROMIS PF, PI and depression scores. Coefficients of determination were reported for bivariate regression models RESULTS PROMIS PF was moderately (ρ=−0.6254, R2=0.266) and poorly (ρ=−0.259, R2=0.501) correlated with the ODI and NDI, respectively. PROMIS PI was highly (ρ=0.7345, R2=0.537) and moderately (ρ=0.6912, R2=0.556) correlated with ODI and NDI, respectively. PROMIS Depression was moderately (ρ=0.528, R2=0.182) and highly (ρ=0.7234, R2=0.378) correlated with OWI and NDI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PROMIS PI is most highly correlated with ODI/NDI in spine trauma patients. While PROMIS PF shows moderate correlation with the ODI, a negligible correlation was found with the NDI. PROMIS tools allow for more effective data collection across multiple domains and, moving forward, may be better poised to monitor changes in function, pain and depression in spine trauma patients. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Embedding cultural competence and racial justice in public administration programs

Public administrators are stewards of democracy and therefore, must develop competence in order to address the needs of a diverse constituency. Programs of public affairs, administration, and polic...
On the border between localization and delocalization: tris(iminoxolene)titanium(IV)

The tris(aminophenol) ligand tris(4-methyl-2-(3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxyphenylamino)phenyl)amine, MeClampH6, reacts with Ti(OiPr)4 to give, after exposure to air, the dark purple, neutral, diamagnetic complex (MeClamp)Ti. The compound is six-coordinate, with an uncoordinated central nitrogen (Ti–N = 2.8274(12) A), and contains titanium(IV) and a doubly oxidized ligand, formally a bis(iminosemiquinone)-mono(amidophenoxide). The compound is unsymmetrical in the solid state, though the three ligands are equivalent on the NMR timescale in solution. Ab initio calculations indicate that the ground state is a multiconfigurational singlet, with a low-lying multiconfigurational triplet state. Variable-temperature NMR measurements are consistent with a singlet–triplet gap of 1200 ± 70 cm−1, in good agreement with calculations. The distortion from threefold symmetry allows a low-lying, partially populated ligand-centered π nonbonding orbital to mix with largely occupied metal–ligand π bonding orbitals. The energetic accessibility of this distortion is inversely related to the strength of the metal–ligand π bonding interaction.
Mitochondria: multifaceted regulators of aging

Aging is accompanied by a time-dependent progressive deterioration of multiple factors of the cellular system. The past several decades have witnessed major leaps in our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging using dietary, genetic, pharmacological, and physical interventions. Metabolic processes, including nutrient sensing pathways and mitochondrial function, have emerged as prominent regulators of aging. Mitochondria have been considered to play a key role largely due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage that accumulates over time and ultimately causes cellular failure. This theory, known as the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), was favored by the aging field, but increasing inconsistent evidence has led to criticism and rejection of this idea. However, MFRTA should not be hastily rejected in its entirety because we now understand that ROS is not simply an undesired toxic metabolic byproduct, but also an important signaling molecule that is vital to cellular fitness. Notably, mitochondrial function, a term traditionally referred to bioenergetics and apoptosis, has since expanded considerably. It encompasses numerous other key biological processes, including the following: (i) complex metabolic processes, (ii) intracellular and endocrine signaling/communication, and (iii) immunity/inflammation. Here, we will discuss shortcomings of previous concepts regarding mitochondria in aging and their emerging roles based on recent advances. We will also discuss how the mitochondrial genome integrates with major theories on the evolution of aging. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 13-23].
How to Divide When There Isn't Enough : From Aristotle, the Talmud, and Maimonides to the Axiomatics of Resource Allocation

How to Divide When There Isn't Enough develops a rigorous yet accessible presentation of the state-of-the-art for the adjudication of conflicting claims and the theory of taxation. It covers all aspects one may wish to know about claims problems: the most important rules, the most important axioms, and how these two sets are related. More generally, it also serves as an introduction to the modern theory of economic design, which in the last twenty years has revolutionized many areas of economics, generating a wide range of applicable allocations rules that have improved people's lives in many ways. In developing the theory, the book employs a variety of techniques that will appeal to both experts and non-experts. Compiling decades of research into a single framework, William Thomson provides numerous applications that will open a large number of avenues for future research.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during Simulated Pediatric Interhospital Ambulance Transport

Purpose: Transporting children in cardiac arrest with ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between hospitals is a potentially life-saving endeavor if it enables patients with out-of-hospital arrest or witnessed arrest at a community hospital to access tertiary care resources such as extracorporeal support. However, these transports may risk personnel safety given the limited options for safe delivery of manual CPR and lack of approved pediatric mechanical compressor devices. Furthermore, we are unaware of any literature on the feasibility of high-quality CPR during pediatric interhospital …
Titrating Pt Surface with CO Molecules.

Identification and quantification of the surface sites on Pt nanoparticles are essential for developing more active electrocatalysts for many practical devices such as fuel cells and electrochemica...
Sildenafil Citrate Does Not Reprogram Risk of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease in Offspring of Preeclamptic Pregnancies in the Dahl SS/Jr Rat

Background Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy with accompanying high disease and economic burdens in the United States. Evidence supporting longstanding effects of preeclampsia on the offspring of affected pregnancies is high, but the effects of current antihypertensive therapies for preeclampsia on cardio-renal outcomes are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, reprograms the risk of hypertension and kidney disease in offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies by altering responses to secondary stressors. Methods Dahl SS/Jr rats on a 0.3% NaCl diet were mated. At gestational day 10, pregnant dams were randomized to vehicle diet or diet with sildenafil (50 mg/kg per day), which was continued until birth. Pups were weaned at 4 weeks of age and allowed to age on a 0.3% NaCl diet until 3 months of age. At this point, pups were randomized into three groups: baseline or no intervention, 2% NaCl diet challenge for 4 weeks, or a subpressor infusion of angiotensin II (200 ng/kg per minute) for 2 weeks. Results There were no differences among maternal treatment groups at baseline. Upon introduction of 2% NaCl diet, male offspring of sildenafil-treated dams exhibited an attenuated rise in BP; however, this protection was not observed during angiotensin II infusion. Conclusions Our findings indicate that intrapartum sildenafil does not reprogram the risk of hypertension and kidney disease in offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies.
Heavy-metal Jupiters by major mergers: metallicity versus mass for giant planets

Some Jupiter-mass exoplanets contain $\sim$$100\, M_\oplus$ of metals, well above the $\sim$$10\, M_\oplus$ typically needed in a solid core to trigger giant planet formation by runaway gas accretion. We demonstrate that such `heavy-metal Jupiters' can result from planetary mergers near $\sim$10 au. Multiple cores accreting gas at runaway rates gravitationally perturb one another onto crossing orbits such that the average merger rate equals the gas accretion rate. Concurrent mergers and gas accretion implies the core mass scales with the total planet mass as $M_{\rm core} \propto M^{1/5}$ - heavier planets harbour heavier cores, in agreement with the observed mass-metallicity relation. While the average gas giant merges about once to double its core, others may merge multiple times, as merger trees grow chaotically. We show that the dispersion of outcomes inherent in mergers can reproduce the large scatter in observed planet metallicities, assuming $3-30\, M_\oplus$ pre-runaway cores. Mergers potentially correlate metallicity, eccentricity, and spin.
Hybrid GaAsSb/GaAs Heterostructure Core–Shell Nanowire/Graphene and Photodetector Applications

We report the growth of vertical, high-quality GaAs0.9Sb0.1 nanowires (NWs) with improved density on oxygen (O2) plasma-treated monolayer graphene/SiO2/p-Si(111) by self-catalyzed molecular beam ep...
Clarifying Fearlessness in Psychopathy: an Examination of Thrill-Seeking and Physical Risk-Taking

Fearlessness has been described among the traits associated with psychopathy; however, disparities in conceptualizations of fear and how related elements are operationalized among different measures of psychopathic traits have led to some enduring controversy. Here we address a subset of elements characterizing fearlessness represented in thrill-seeking and physical risk-taking among a large sample of incarcerated individuals (n = 688). We examine these relationships utilizing Hare's Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R), the Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Short Form (PPI-SF), and the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS). Among males, the Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS) scale of the SSS was not related to features of the PCL-R, but was highly correlated with Fearless Dominance (FD) of the PPI-SF. Among females, TAS was only modestly correlated with PCL-R total score, but neither of the two PCL-R factors. PPI-SF FD remained a strong predictor of TAS among females. We argue for a careful consideration of the boundaries of the term "fearlessness" as it relates to diverse manifestations of behavior and varied conceptualizations of psychopathy. We also reiterate apparent differences between males and females in the presentation of psychopathic traits.
6-DOF consensus control of multi-agent rigid body systems using rotation matrices

Nonlinear control protocols are proposed for consensus control of a multi-agent system of N heterogeneous rigid bodies in the framework of the tangent bundles TSO(3) and TSE(3) associated with Lie ...
The 660-km discontinuity within the subducting NW-Pacific lithospheric slab

Abstract The 660-km seismic discontinuity ( 660 ) in Earth’s mantle is generally attributed to the breakdown of the ringwoodite phase of olivine, but other mineral reactions are also thought to occur near 660-km depth. Recently, complex arrivals of P 660 s waves (converted from P to s at the 660 ) in active and recently active subduction zones have been interpreted as evidence for additional seismic discontinuities caused by the garnet–perovskite and garnet–ilmenite–perovskite phase transformations ( gt → pv , gt → il → pv ) at relatively low temperatures. Here we show that the P 660 s phases converting at the 660 within the subducting NW-Pacific slab beneath the station MDJ in Northeast China are clear and coherent, with no additional arrivals in the vicinity. P 660 s waves that convert near the boundaries of the area where the 660 occurs within the slab produce distinctly more complex, multiple arrivals, but they are more likely to be caused by small-scale topography rather than ‘multiplicity’ of the 660 . Our observations suggest that the gt → pv transformation and the gt → il → pv , if it occurs in the mantle, are spread over tens of kilometers and do not have sharp onsets visible to short-period seismic waves.