cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-Acute-Care (PAC) Utilization on 30-Day Risk-Standardized Readmission Rate (RSRR)

Date Presented 04/06/19 This study is the first in examining the relationship between PAC utilization, Medicare HRRP, and 30-day unplanned RSRR for HRRP targeted and nontargeted impairment conditions. The study finding provides healthcare policy makers with preliminary information to understand the impact of PAC utilization on RSRRs. Primary Author and Speaker: Chih-Ying Li Additional Authors and Speakers: Amol Karmarkar, Yu-Li Lin, Yong-Fang Kuo, Kenneth Ottenbacher
Best Practices for Scalloping: From the Boat to Your Plate

Recreational scalloping in Florida is a popular group activity for many residents and visitors throughout the summer months. Currently, the state allows the recreational harvest of scallops in several Florida Gulf Coast counties (http://myfwc.com/fishing/saltwater/recreational/bay-scallops/). However, people travel from all over Florida and other states to participate in the fun summertime fare (Hall-Scharf et al., 2018) and may not be familiar with the waters in which they are venturing. In addition, the warm summer water can increase the risk of food borne illnesses for those consuming scallops if not cleaned and stored properly. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the legal requirements for boating and scalloping, have a safety plan to minimize and/or prevent accidents while out on the water, and practice proper shucking recommendations to ensure food safety.
Effective two-pass herbicide programs to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean

Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at Kansas State University Ashland Bottoms (KSU-AB) research farm near Manhattan, KS, and Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center (KSU-ARC) near Hays, KS, to determine the effectiveness of various PRE-applied herbicide premixes and tank mixtures alone or followed by (fb) an early POST (EPOST) treatment of glyphosate + dicamba for controlling glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant (GDR) soybean. In experiment 1, PRE-applied sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor, saflufenacil + imazethapyr + pyroxasulfone, chlorimuron + flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin + flumioxazin + imazethapyr provided 85% to 94% end-of-season control of GR Palmer amaranth across both sites. In comparison, Palmer amaranth control ranged from 63% to 87% at final evaluation with PRE-applied pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone, pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone plus metribuzin, pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone plus carfentrazone + sulfentrazone, and sulfentrazone + metribuzin at the KSU-ARC site in experiment 2. All PRE fb EPOST (i.e., two-pass) programs provided near-complete (98% to 100%) control of GR Palmer amaranth at both sites. PRE-alone programs reduced Palmer amaranth shoot biomass by 35% to 76% in experiment 1 at both sites, whereas all two-pass programs prevented Palmer amaranth biomass production. No differences in soybean yields were observed among tested programs in experiment 1 at KSU-ARC site; however, PRE-alone sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor, saflufenacil + imazethapyr + pyroxasulfone, and chlorimuron + flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone had lower grain yield (average, 4,342 kg ha–1) compared with the top yielding (4,832 kg ha–1) treatment at the KSU-AB site. PRE-applied sulfentrazone + metribuzin had a lower soybean yield (1,776 kg ha–1) compared with all other programs in experiment 2 at the KSU-ARC site. These results suggest growers should proactively adopt effective PRE-applied premixes fb EPOST programs evaluated in this study to reduce selection pressure from multiple POST dicamba applications for GR Palmer amaranth control in GDR soybean.Nomenclature: Carfentrazone-ethyl; chlorimuron; dicamba; flumioxazin; glyphosate; imazethapyr; metribuzin; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; sulfentrazone; Palmer amaranth; Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
The Effects of Temperature on the Assembly of Gold Nanoparticle by Interpolymer Complexation

Using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering techniques, we demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) are assembled into close-packed structures that include short-range order with face-centered cubic structure, where crystalline qualities are varied by controlling the electrolyte concentration, pH, and temperature of the suspensions. We show that interpolymer complexation with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is induced by lowering the pH level of the PEG-AuNPs suspensions, and furthermore, increasing the temperature of the suspension strengthens interparticle attraction, leading to improved supercrystal structures. Our results indicate that this strategy creates robust nanoparticle superlattices with high thermal stability. The effects of PAA and PEG chain lengths on the assemblies are also investigated, and their optimal conditions for creating improved superlattices are discussed.
On Screw Linear Interpolation for Point-to-Point Path Planning

Robot motion is controlled in the joint space whereas the robots have to perform tasks in their task space. Many tasks like carrying a glass of liquid, pouring liquid, opening a drawer requires constraints on the end-effector during the motion. The forward and inverse kinematic mappings between joint space and task space are highly nonlinear and multi-valued (for IK). Consequently, modeling task space constraints like keeping the orientation of the end-effector fixed while changing its position (which is required for carrying a cup of liquid without dropping it) is quite complex in the joint space. In this paper, we show that the use of screw linear interpolation to plan motions in the task space combined with resolved motion rate control to compute the corresponding joint space path, allows one to satisfy many common task space motion constraints in motion planning, without explicitly modeling them. In particular, any motion constraint that forms a subgroup of the group of rigid body motions can be incorporated in our planning scheme, without explicit modeling. We present simulation and experimental results on Baxter robot for different tasks with task space constraints that demonstrates the usefulness of our approach.
Site suitability modeling with culturally-specific variables: A southern Northwest Coast case study

Abstract Site suitability modeling in archaeology has numerous applications in both research and cultural resource management contexts. However, oftentimes these models are built on limited or abstracted variables which do not adequately account for the human decision-making process. This approach uses seven culturally-specific variables from the southern Northwest Coast in order to develop a model of site suitability for Indigenous settlement in southern Oregon. The results of this model are validated through comparison with the location of 201 archaeological sites. The choice of variables also provides sufficient detail for patterns to emerge in the relationship between site type and relative resource availability. This study therefore demonstrates both the accuracy of models produced via this approach and its utility as a research tool for investigating archaeological settlement patterns.
Projecting climate change in South America using variable-resolution Community Earth System Model: An application to Chile

Author(s): Bambach, NE; Rhoades, AM; Hatchett, BJ; Jones, AD; Ullrich, PA; Zarzycki, CM | Abstract: We introduce variable-resolution enabled Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) results simulating historical and future climate conditions at 28 km over South America and 14 km over the Andes. Three 30-year simulations are performed: a historic (1985–2014), a near future (2030–2059), and an end-century (2070–2099) simulation under the RCP8.5 scenario. Historic results compare favourably to several temperature and precipitation reanalysis products, though local biases are present, particularly during austral summer. Future simulations highlight broad warming patterns (+3–6°C by end-century) and heterogeneous precipitation responses across South America that qualitatively agree with prior modelling efforts. Our results reveal that the interaction between temperature and precipitation changes produce shifts in several Koppen–Geiger climates. Notable changes include the near-elimination of the Andean Tundra or Alpine climates, a 15% decrease in Tropical Rainforests and a Tropical Savannah expansion of 20%. To provide a regionally focused analysis of projected climate change and to illustrate the benefits of variable resolution modelling, we analyse changes in the magnitude and trend in seasonal and daily temperature and precipitation in Chile. We also examined several metrics [e.g., snow water equivalent (SWE), temperatures on wet days, and days below 0°C] to evaluate potential impacts of climate change on the Chilean cryosphere between the end-of-century and historic periods, finding wide-ranging indications of cryospheric decline. These changes are interpreted through reductions in the timing (1–2.5 months earlier peak SWE) and magnitude (200–1,000 mm SWE decreases) of water stored as snow in the Andes, a 10–30% decrease in number of cool season wet days with temperatures below 1°C, and 50–200 fewer days (annually) with minimum temperatures below 0°C. Our aim in producing a high-resolution dataset of climate projections from VR-CESM is to support analyses of climate change throughout South America but especially in vulnerable montane regions and to provide additional results for comparison with previous, ongoing, and upcoming modelling efforts.
Scandalous Knowledge: Science, Truth, and the Human

This new book explores the radical reconceptions of knowledge and science emerging from constructivist epistemology social studies of science and contemporary cognitive science.
13 Environmental Chemical Engineering

Publisher Summary As environmental regulations have expanded and the technology being controlled has become more advanced, the associated chemical engineering problems have grown more complex. Chemical engineers have had prominent roles in the development of stack gas scrubbing technologies, in understanding the mechanisms of particle and NO x , formation in coal combustion, and in developing mathematical models of air pollution. Research that can be classified as environmental engineering occurs in academic departments of civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. In terms of numbers of faculty members, the majority is carried out in departments of civil and environmental engineering. There are certain problems and opportunities for chemical engineers in environmental research. This chapter discusses some important problems in environmental chemical engineering to convey their flavor and challenges. There exist significant environmental research opportunities for chemical engineers, for example, in incineration of hazardous wastes, environmental behavior of toxic substances, synthesis and design of nonpolluting plants, regional and global air pollution, and water chemistry. Most environmental problems are highly complex and often ill defined. At a minimum, they usually require a synthesis of virtually all elements of the chemical engineer's arsenal-thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and transport phenomena; at the most, an interdisciplinary team.
MRI phenotype of breast cancer: Kinetic assessment for molecular subtypes.

Purpose To evaluate the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kinetic characteristics of newly diagnosed breast cancer molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods Breast MRI examinations of 112 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were reviewed. Cases of newly diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma were sorted by molecular subtype (28 TN, 11 HER2 +, 73 Lum A/B) and MRI field strength, with lesion segmentation and kinetic analyses performed on a dedicated workstation. For kinetic assessment, 50% and 100% thresholds were employed for display of medium and rapid uptake. Kinetic profiles in terms of percent volume for six kinetic types (medium-persistent, medium-plateau, medium-washout, fast-persistent, fast-plateau, fast-washout) relative to the whole volume of the lesion were obtained. Statistical analysis of the kinetic profiles was performed using Welch's t-test. Results Percent volume of HER2-positive lesions with >100% uptake at early phase on 3T strength MRI exams was significantly greater compared with luminal A/B (93.8 ± 0.92 vs. 77.3 ± 7.2; P 50% early phase uptake for HER2+ lesions was also higher than Lum A/B (99.1 ± 0.73 vs. 93.6 ± 3.05; P 50% and >100% early phase uptake trended higher than Lum A/B lesions without reaching significance. Conclusion The percent volume of HER2-positive tumors demonstrating rapid early contrast uptake is significantly increased compared to other molecular subtypes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:920–924.
Introduction—Measurement Techniques and Applications

In this introductory chapter, the definition and history of tribology and their industrial significance and origins and significance of an emerging field of micro/nanotribology are described. Next, various measurement techniques used in micro/nanotribological and micro/nanomechanical studies are described. The interest in micro/nanotribology field grew from magnetic storage devices and latter the applicability to emerging field micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) became clear. A few examples of magnetic storage devices and MEMS/NEMS are presented where micro/nanotribological and micro/nanomechanical tools and techniques are essential for interfacial studies. Finally, reasons why micro/nanotribological and micro/nanomechanical studies are important in magnetic storage devices and MEMS/NEMS are presented. In the last section, organization of the book is presented.
Counting People. The Late Colonial Padrones of Centro America

Destaca el autor la importancia de los padrones coloniales en el contexto de las investigaciones sobre diversos aspectos economicos, demograficos, etcetera. En el caso de Guatemala, menciona algunos de los principales padrones que se levantaron. Ofrece asimismo muestras de algunos de principios del siglo xix y hace el registro de varios pueblos de Guatemala y Nicaragua de los que se conservan padrones, en el Archivo General de Centro America en la ciudad de Guatemala.
Introduction to Dynamics

Dynamics is the study of bodies in motion. Dynamics is concerned with describing motion and explaining its causes. The general field of dynamics consists of two major areas: kinematics and kinetics. Each of these areas can be further divided to describe and explain linear, angular, or general motion of bodies. The fundamental concepts in dynamics are space (relative position or displacement), time, mass, and force. Other important concepts include velocity, acceleration, torque, moment, work, energy, power, impulse, and momentum.
Aaron T Beck

The Life of Aaron T Beck Theoretical Contributions Practical Contributions Criticisms and Rebuttals The Overall Influence of Aaron T Beck A Select Bibliography of the Works of Aaron T Beck
A building block approach to the synthesis of organic–inorganic oxide materials: the hydrothermal synthesis and network structure of [{Ni4(tpypyz)3}{Mo5O15(O3PCH2CH2PO3)}2]·23H2O (tpypyz = tetra-2-pyridylpyrazine)

The hydrothermal reaction of MoO3, [Ni(CH3CO2)2]·4H2O, tpypyz, ethylenediphosphonic acid and water yields the 2D material [{Ni4(tpypyz)3}{Mo5O15(O3PCH2CH2PO3)}2]·23H2O (1·23H2O), constructed from {Mo5O15(O3PCH2CH2PO3)}4− clusters linked in one-dimension through the ethylene tethers of the diphosphonate component; these molybdodiphosphonate chains are in turn linked into a 2D network through the tetranuclear secondary metal–ligand subunit {Ni4(tpypyz)3}8+.
Pollen analysis of fossil packrat middens from the Sonoran Desert

Pollen contained in 22 fossil packrat middens from the Sonoran Desert provides a complementary, but differing, view of the paleoenvironment from that derived by analysis of the associated plant macrofossils. The regional component of the pollen data is in sharp contrast to the locally oriented macrofossils. A total of 84 macrofossil taxa and 47 pollen taxa were identified; only 18 taxa were common to both. The low Index of Similarity, 0.4, indicates that the two sources of fossil information are providing different sets of paleobotanical data. When combined with plant macrofossils and good radiocarbon dating control, the pollen spectra derived from fossil middens are compatable with other paleoenvironmental sequences.
Reaction of Glycosyl Halides with Benzyl Grignard Reagents: Unexpected o-Tolyl Alkylation of Tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl Bromide and Direct Synthesis of (B-Glycosyl)phenylmethanes

Abstract The synthesis of (β-glycosyl1)phenylmethanes by Grignard alkylation of glycosyl halides is investigated. Reaction of tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl bromide with benzylmagnesium chloride gave a good yield of a 3:1 mixture of 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)toluene and (β-glucosyl)phenylmethane. The requirement for an equatorial 2-acetoxy group and 6-acetoxymethyl group for the formation of the unexpected o-tolyl rearrangement product is explored by using xylosyl, mannosyl, and 2-deoxyglucosyl halides as substrates for the alkylation. Synthesis of (β-glucosyl)phenylmethane by alkylation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzylglucosyl bromide with benzylmagnesium chloride is also presented.
Microplanar polymer light-emitting diodes

Abstract A method is presented for fabricating microplanar polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with submicron interelectrode spacing in a surface cell configuration. A shadow evaporation technique is used to obtain submicron gaps between gold and aluminum electrodes. Microplanar light-emitting diodes have been made with soluble poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2′ethyl-hexyloxy)-pphenylenevinylene], MEH-PPV, which emit light at room temperature and which turn on at approximately 35 V.
Literacy and Second Language Acquisition: Issues and Perspectives

This article is a theoretical exploration of the relationship between literacy and second language acquisition (SLA). First, a study which investigated this relationship and which was conducted in a Thai refugee camp is reviewed. Next, major findings in current second language research are presented, and these are then discussed both in terms of the findings of the study as well as in the light of conflicting approaches to contemporary issues in literacy. Specifically, it is suggested that a functional approach to investigating literacy is more useful for community problem solving than a developmental approach. Finally, it is argued that for a more comprehensive understanding of language learning, trends in literacy research might have a great deal to offer SLA researchers. It is further proposed that ethnographic investigations of literacy and language are the best means for understanding the roles of each in the intricate web of human relationships.
Detour to Europe: Enlargement, Southeast Europe, and the EU's External Dynamic

An American geographer with extensive field and research experience in Southeast Europe examines the implications of "enlargement fatigue" for Southeast European states aspiring to EU accession. He argues that progress toward EU enlargement into Southeast Europe and further integration through the EU Constitution is no longer restricted to internal (intra-EU) dynamics of widening and deepening, but rather must be complemented by an "external dynamic" involving a coherent EU foreign policy. This "external dynamic" would focus on promoting peace and stability on EU borders and quelling the external factors contributing to popular dissent within EU against expansion and integration. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F02, O15, O18, O19. 1 figure, 41 references.
Use of somatic gene transfer to study lipoprotein metabolism in experimental animals in vivo.

Genetic manipulations of experimental animals have provided valuable information on lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. Somatic gene transfer is a novel method for introducing foreign genes into animals in vivo. Adenovi rus-mediated transfer of genes for the LDL receptor, the receptor-associated protein, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein E, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing protein has resulted in high-level expression of these transgenes in mice and hamsters, and the production of interesting animal models of lipoprotein metabolism. Somatic gene transfer is a valuable tool for analyzing the role of transgenes in lipoprotein metabolism in vivo and for exploring the potential use of specific transgenes for human gene therapy.
Pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein CRM197 conjugate vaccines, 7- or 9-valent, in the 2 + 1 schedule.

The 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide–protein (CRM197) conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was licensed based on clinical efficacy trials using the four-dose schedule of three infant doses and a booster dose in the second year of life (3 + 1). An assessment of PCV-7 immunogenicity in studies evaluating two infant doses with a booster (2 + 1) showed similar immunogenicity for the 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 schedules, with the exception of lower post-dose two responses for serotypes 6B and 23F, compared with a three-dose primary series. The 2 + 1 PCV-7 schedule has been shown to be effective in controlling pneumococcal disease in several countries, as used in national immunization programs that are marked in particular by good uptake, compliance with the booster dose and application of a catch-up program.
A rapid, enzymatic assay for the measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate in animal tissues

A simple, rapid enzymatic assay for the determination of inorganic pyrophosphate in tissue and plasma has been developed using the enzyme pyrophosphate--fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.90) which was purified from extracts of Propionibacterium shermanii. The enzyme phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate to produce fructose-1,6-bisphosphate using inorganic pyrophosphate as the phosphate donor. The utilization of inorganic pyrophosphate is measured by coupling the production of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate with the oxidation of NADH using fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)(EC 1.1.1.8). The assay is completed in less than 5 min and is not affected by any of the components of tissue or plasma extracts. The recovery of pyrophosphate added to frozen tissue powder was 97 +/- 1% (n = 4). In this assay the change in absorbance is linearly related to the concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate over the curvette concentration range of 0.1 microM to 0.1 mM.
Stereoselective total synthesis of cis- and trans-3-hydroxypipecolic acid.

3-Hydroxypipecolic acid, a nonproteinogenic cyclic α-amino acid, is a common structural moiety found in a large number of natural and synthetic compounds of medicinal significance. Utilizing d-serine as a chiral template, the present research describes efficient and straightforward routes to cis- and trans-3-hydroxypipecolic acids in enantiopure form. The key steps in the syntheses involve chelation-controlled addition of a homoallyl Grignard reagent to a protected serinal derivative toward stereoselective formation of the corresponding syn-amino alcohol adduct 3. On the other hand, zinc borohydride-mediated chelation-controlled reduction of a serine-derived α-aminoketone precursor leads to the formation of the corresponding anti-amino alcohol adduct 4 with high stereoselectivity. Following an efficient sequence of reactions, the above amino alcohol derivatives were subsequently transformed to the corresponding cis- and trans- title compounds, respectively.
Electrons and excitons in quantum dots

Abstract Theoretical and experimental investigation of optical properties of quantum dots is reviewed. The single exciton, the exciton in the presence of many electrons, and many exciton complexes are covered. The emission, absorption, far infra-red spectroscopy and inelastic light scattering as a probe of the ground and excited states of quantum dots charged with electrons and excitons are discussed.
Professional standards for survey research

This paper concludes that it is time for institutional research to address the issue of standards for the conduct of surveys. In reaching that conclusion, it argues that executing surveys is one of the most common activities of institutional research (IR) and one of the least served in IR literature; that as a craft, survey research is an orphan without a home in an academic discipline and therefore without a clear articulation of standards in its own right; and that as practiced in IR, survey research faces special technical problems and challenges not embraced in much of the general-survey research literature. Finally, it asks, but does not answer, how such a lofty goal as the pursuit of standards might be attained.
A systems approach to measuring retail structure in Germany and the Netherlands

Institutional studies of retailing have primarily focused on the number and types of retailers to describe retail structure. This study provides an alternative approach to measuring retail structure based on general systems theory. The focus is on the examination of the work performed by retailers. Input-output tables transformed into trade-flow tables allow for such a functional approach to the measurement of retail activities in Germany and the Netherlands. This methodology allows for the examination of linkages of the retail sector with other parts of a national economy and provides an important tool for comparative marketing studies. The findings for Germany and the Netherlands are consistent with the marketing channels literature.
Superfluid helium on-orbit transfer (SHOOT) operations

The in-flight tests and the operational sequences of the Superfluid Helium On-Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) experiment are outlined. These tests include the transfer of superfluid helium at a variety of rates, the transfer into cold and warm receivers, the operation of an extravehicular activity coupling, and tests of a liquid acquisition device. A variety of different types of instrumentation will be required for these tests. These include pressure sensors and liquid flow meters that must operate in liquid helium, accurate thermometry, two types of quantity gauges, and liquid-vapor sensors.
Cerebral Protection for Aortic Arch Surgery: Deep Hypothermia

The technical aspects of arch surgery have evolved considerably during the last 2 decades. The use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest has been embraced by many cardiac surgeons to approach aortic arch aneurysms around the world. The branched graft technique that we have been using since the late 1990s has improved surgical outcomes and simplified the treatment considerably. We describe our technique of total arch replacement by using deep hypothermia and selective cerebral perfusion in aortic arch surgery.
Emergence and control of the pecan weevil.

Known numbers of Curculio caryae (Horn) larvae were placed in cages containing soil treated with diel-drin at a rate of 10 Ib actual ingredient per acre. Weevils later emerged as adults but had shortened life. Additional tests with caged weevils in cultivated and unbroken soil showed that condition of soil did not cause any significant difference in total adult emergence, Maximum emergence occurred in late August and early September.
Seasonal Changes in the Habitat Distribution of Transient Insectivorous Birds in Southeastern Arizona: Competition Mediated?

Du fait que la competition n'est pas un phenomene du «tout ou rien», le degre d'interactions competitives qui existe (et qui est sous le controle direct ou indirect de l'abondance relative des aliments entre les sites ou a l'interieur d'un meme site) serait responsable d'une grande partie des changements observes dans la structure des communautes d'un site a l'autre ou d'une epoque a l'autre
Northern Hemisphere Winter Atmospheric Transient Eddy Heat Fluxes and the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension Variability

AbstractSpatial and temporal covariability between the atmospheric transient eddy heat fluxes (i.e., 〈υ′T′〉 and 〈υ′q′〉) in the Northern Hemisphere winter (January–March) and the paths of the Gulf Stream (GS), Kuroshio Extension (KE), and Oyashio Extension (OE) are examined based on an atmospheric reanalyses and ocean observations for 1979–2009.For the climatological winter mean, the northward heat fluxes by the synoptic (2–8 days) transient eddies exhibit canonical storm tracks with their maxima collocated with the GS and KE/OE. The intraseasonal (8 days–3 months) counterpart, while having overall similar amplitude, shows a spatial pattern with more localized maxima near the major orography and blocking regions. Lateral heat flux divergence by transient eddies as the sum of the two frequency bands exhibits very close coupling with the exact locations of the ocean fronts.Linear regression is used to examine the lead–lag relationship between interannual changes in the northward heat fluxes by the transient ...
Personality measurement in parents of retarded and emotionally disturbed children: A replication

Replicated Erickson's (1968, 1969) studies that compared MMPI profiles of parents of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed (ED), mentally retarded (MR), and non-clinic (N) children. In general, Erickson's findings that the MR and ED parents did not differ, but that both showed elevated profiles relative to N, were confirmed. The results were interpreted to provide partial supporter for Erickson's "stress reaction hypothesis," whereby the well-known clinic parent MMPI elevations presumably reflect the parents' stress as a result of having a disturbed or handicapped child.
JBI instrumentation services

The Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) is an information management infrastructure that provides a basic set of flexible core services: publish, subscribe, and query. Managed Information Objects (MIOs) are published by JBI clients and are subsequently managed and disseminated to other subscribing JBI Clients by the JBI Core Services. MIOs can also be archived into a repository managed by the JBI Core Services upon publication and can later be queried for by JBI Clients. A reference implementation (RI) of the JBI Core Services using Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) technology is currently being developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) in Rome, NY. JBI Instrumentation Services will allow users to gain insight into what activity is occurring inside the JBI Core Services. The phase 1 Instrumentation Services implementation has been developed as a standalone system that interacts with the JBI Core Services through a set of interfaces that provide a low impact, multi-implementation compatible connection. The Instrumentation Services Architecture makes use of the Instrumentation Entity Model to create entities that describe the real elements of the JBI Core Services: platforms, connections, users, nodes, and sequences. These entities populate the Instrumentation Space and are accessed by clients through the Instrumentation Client API (ICAPI). A web-based client that makes use of this ICAPI has been developed to visualize instrumentation information and demonstrate the capabilities of the Instrumentation Services. This client utilizes numerical rate graphs and dynamic graph trees to visualize JBI activity. This paper describes the phase 1 Instrumentation Services Architecture and development efforts involved in creating the JBI Instrumentation Services and prototype instrumentation client.
Black into white in nineteenth century Spanish America: Afro‐American assimilation in Argentina and Costa Rica∗

(1984). Black into white in nineteenth century Spanish America: Afro‐American assimilation in Argentina and Costa Rica. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 34-49.
A review of helium-hydrogen synergistic effects in radiation damage observed in fusion energy steels and an interaction model to guide future understanding

Under fusion reactor conditions, large quantities of irradiation defects and transmutation gases are produced per unit time by neutrons, resulting in accelerated degradation of structural candidate ferritic (F) and ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels. Due to the lack of a suitable fusion neutron testing facility, we must rely on high-dose-rate ion-beam experiments and present-day crude modeling estimates. Of particular interest is the possibility of synergistic (positive feedback) effects on materials properties due to the simultaneous action of He, H, and displacement damage (dpa) during operation. In this paper we discuss the state-of-the-art in terms of the experimental understanding of synergistic effects and carry out simulations of triple-species irradiation under ion-beam conditions using first-of-its-kind modeling techniques. Although, state-of-the-art modeling and simulation is not sufficiently well developed to shed light on the experimental uncertainties, we are able to conclude that it is not clear whether synergistic effects, the evidence of which is still not conclusive, will ultimately play a critical role in material performance under fusion energy conditions. We review here some of the evidence for the synergistic effects of hydrogen in the presence of helium and displacement damage, and also include some recent data from our research. While the experimental results to date suggest possible mechanisms for the observed synergistic effects, it is only with more advanced modeling that we can hope to understand the details underlying the experimental observations. By employing modeling and simulation we propose an interaction model that is qualitatively consistent with experimental observations of dpa/He/H irradiation behavior. Our modeling, the results of which should be helpful to researchers going forward, points to gaps and voids in the current understanding of triple ion-beam irradiation effects (displacement damage produced simultaneously with helium and hydrogen implantation) and the synergistic effects of hydrogen.
The effects of transition probability of reinforcement in intermittent reinforcement schedules in human eyelid conditioning

Exposing Ss to 50% intermittent reinforcement schedules in which the likelihood of a reinforced (nonreinforced) trial following a reinforced (nonreinforced) trial differed from the.5 that is typically employed yielded sequential behavior which differed from that obtained when the transition probability equals.5. The new finding was that when the transition probability is high, the sequential behavior did not conform to what would be expected from a linear-operator model.
Differential effects of BCNU on T cell, macrophage, natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activities in mice bearing a syngeneic tumor.

Chloroethylnitrosoureas have been used widely to treat human and experimental animal tumors. We have earlier observed that >90% of the mice transplanted with syngeneic tumors survive following treatment with nitrosoureas such as 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and furthermore, they resist subsequent challenge with the same tumor. The present investigation was initiated to determine the mechanism by which BCNU brings about this effect. Treatment of tumor cell targets in vivo or in vitro with BCNU, increased their susceptibility to macrophage (MO)-mediated cytotoxicity as measured in a direct cytotoxicity assay or in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. In contrast, the antitumor cytotoxicity caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), natural killer (NK) cells, or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, was not altered following BCNU treatment of tumor targets. Studies were also conducted to investigate the direct effect of BCNU in vivo on various cytotoxic effector cells. For this purpose, MO, NK, LAK, and CTL activities from BCNU-treated-tumor-bearing mice were screened for cytotoxicity against untreated tumor targets in vitro. It was observed that tumor-specific CTL and LAK cell activity increased in BCNU-treated tumor-bearing mice when compared to untreated controls while the cytotoxic potential of NK cells and MOs was not altered. The present study suggests that antitumor drugs such as BCNU are not only tumoricidal but also selectively act in a variety of ways at both the effector and target cell level, leading to overall enhanced antitumor immunity and high rate of cures from the syngeneic tumor challenge.
How Institutions Affect Europe's Voice in the World

Trading Voices: The European Union in International Commercial Negotiations. By Sophie Meunier. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 248 pp., $35.00 (ISBN: 0-691-12115-X). In the past decade Sophie Meunier has become a well-known figure in the circle of experts on the European Union (EU), recognized especially for her work on the Union's external economic relations. Her many articles have carefully dissected the changing institutional shape of the EU's external representation, and her prize-winning first book offered the best overview yet of the challenges of globalization to her native France (Gordon and Meunier 2001). Trading Voices , her second book, returns to her MIT doctoral dissertation and sets out a framework for understanding how much progress the EU has made toward achieving one of its original basic goals. Her questions concern how and under what conditions EU institutions have given member states greater external bargaining leverage. Most scholarship on this question presents a simple linear relationship—or none at all—between the EU project and influence in international negotiations. Institutionalist theorists and Europhiles point to various bargaining successes and suggest that the more Europe's small- and medium-sized countries centralize their voice, the more leverage they enjoy vis-a-vis powerful countries like the United States (Lindberg and Scheingold 1970; Paeman and Bensch 1996). Realists and other skeptics highlight episodes in which one EU state (usually France) hijacks the EU position and theorize that Europe's institutions ultimately …
Measurement, analysis, and modelling of the caloric response. 1. A descriptive mathematical model of the caloric response over time.

A mathematical model for describing the caloric response over time offers many important advantages over the commercially-available qualitatively-fitted curves that are now used by the clinician for evaluating caloric results. In this report advances in the development of a nonlinear least-squares mathematical model are discussed and the roles and derivations of fitting parameters and curve-derived indices are outlined. This model provides a rigorous and objective description of the caloric response in its entirety with four continuous parameters. These fitting parameters make it possible to 1) describe individual caloric responses precisely and uniquely, 2) compare pairs of individual caloric responses or groups of caloric responses statistically, 3) extract information not previously available, 4) quantify variability within the caloric response, and 5) model physical properties of the caloric stimulus and physiological variables affecting the caloric response. Results from this model are compared with ...
The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in persons with mild subacute stroke: relationship to functional outcome.

Abstract Toglia J, Fitzgerald KA, O'Dell MW, Mastrogiovanni AR, Lin CD. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in persons with mild subacute stroke: relationship to functional outcome. Objectives To compare Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) global and subscores in classifying cognitive impairment in persons with mild stroke and to explore the relationship between admission and discharge functional status and improvement. Design Retrospective analysis of data. Setting Acute rehabilitation unit of a large urban university-affiliated hospital. Participants Inpatients with stroke (N=72; mean age, 70y; median time poststroke, 8.5d) and mild neurologic (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 4) and cognitive deficits (median MMSE score, 25). Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Admission cognitive status was assessed by using the MMSE and MoCA. The motor subscale of the FIM instrument (mFIM) and motor relative functional efficiency was used to assess discharge functional status and improvement. Results The MoCA classified more persons as cognitively impaired than the MMSE (89% vs 63%, respectively; using a cutoff score of 27 on the MMSE and 26 on the MoCA). The MoCA also showed less of a ceiling effect than the MMSE, higher internal reliability (Cronbach α=.78 compared with α=.60), and marginally stronger associations with discharge functional status ( r =.40; P r =0.30; P P =.01) and improvement ( P =.02) in global and subscores for both tests. Conclusions The MoCA may be an important cognitive screening tool for persons with stroke and mild cognitive dysfunction on an acute rehabilitation unit. Lower visuoexecutive subscores may assist in identifying persons at risk for decreased functional gains in self-care and mobility (mFIM) during inpatient rehabilitation. The findings justify further validation studies of the MoCA in persons with subacute stroke.
Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States

Introduction Little research has been conducted to evaluate protocols and trends in orthodontic retention. The purpose of this study was to identify the general retention protocols used by orthodontists in the United States. Additionally, our goal was to identify trends in these orthodontic retention protocols by evaluating how they have changed over the past 5 years and how they might continue to change in the next 5 years. Methods The study was conducted via a 36-question electronic survey (REDCap, Nashville, Tenn) with branching logic on certain questions. The survey was sent to all 9143 practicing members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States, and 1632 (18%) responded. Results and Conclusions Mean retention protocols of the surveyed population showed predominant use of Hawley or vacuum-formed retainers in the maxillary arch and fixed retention in the mandibular arch. For both arches, there is a current shift away from Hawley retainers and toward vacuum-formed retainers and fixed retention. Respondents who extract fewer teeth reported increased use of fixed retention in the maxillary (P = 0.041) and mandibular (P = 0.003) arches. Respondents who extract fewer teeth and use removable retainers were more likely to tell their patients to wear their retainers at night for the rest of their lives (P = 1.63 × 10−6).
A representation theorem for finite random scale systems

Abstract This paper investigates necessary and sufficient conditions on choice probabilities Pa,B (of picking an element a in an offered set B), for the existence of random variables Ua, satisfying the equation Pa,B = P {Ua = max {Ub | b ∈ B}} for all nonempty finite subsets B in a fixed set A, and all a ∈ B. A complete solution to this representation problem is obtained in the case where A is finite. The proof of the representation theorem provides an algorithm to construct the random variables Ua, up to some uniqueness properties. Investigation of these uniqueness properties show that an important part of the ordinal structure of the underlying random variables can be recovered.
Littoral of the northeastern United States: late quaternary warping.

Isobases constructed from recently published data are strikingly parallel to both the edge of the continental shelf off the northeastern United States and the Fall Zone. Our analyses suggest that the downwarping recorded by these isobases may be explained by Daly9s hypothesis of a collapsing peripheral or marginal "bulge."
Selectivity in the Polymerization of Olefins with Cyclopentadienyl Chromium Catalysts: A Density Functional Study

The chromium-based Union Carbide catalyst exhibits high activity for the homopolymerization of ethylene. However, it fails to catalyze the homopolymerization of α-olefins or even the copolymerization of the latter with ethylene. To understand the origins of this selectivity, density functional theory calculations are used to model the olefin polymerization reactions of a cyclopentadienylchromium(III) complex whose properties recommend it as a structural and functional model for the Union Carbide catalyst. We find that this chromium alkyl binds both ethylene and propene weakly and therefore reversibly, and that the barrier for insertion of propene is significantly higher than that for inserting ethylene. Because olefin binding is reversible, the insertion step discriminates against the incorporation of α-olefin into the polymer chain.
Accuracy and precision of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for body composition measurements in rhesus monkeys*

Accuracy of body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was compared with direct chemical analysis in 10 adult rhesus monkeys. DXA was highly correlated (r-values > 0.95) with direct analyses of body fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC). DXA measurements of total body BMC were not as strongly correlated (r-value = 0.58) with total carcass ash content. DXA measurements of body FM, LM and lumbar spine BMC were not different from data obtained by direct analyses (P-values > 0.30). In contrast, DXA determinations of total BMC (TBMC) averaged 15%, less than total carcass ash measurements (P = 0.002). In conclusion, this study confirms the accurate measurement of fat and lean tissue mass by DXA in rhesus monkeys. DXA also accurately measured lumbar spine BMC but underestimated total body BMC as compared with carcass ash determinations.
Limitations in the measurement of c‐myc oncoprotein and other nuclear antigens by flow cytometry

Recent developments in cell fixation, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry allow for the quantification of a variety of oncoproteins and other proliferation-associated antigens in both fresh and archival pathology material. These studies provide evidence that the standard tissue deparaffinization/dissociation technique significantly reduces the amount of c-myc oncoprotein remaining for analysis. To examine the factor(s) responsible for this observation, individual variables of the deparaffinization/dissociation technique including type of fixative, pepsin concentration, pepsinization times, pH, and exposure to organic solvents were examined in HeLa-S3 cells. The cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies either to the c-myc oncoprotein or to p105, a prolifera-tion-associated nuclear antigen. Protein-levels were measured on the basis of anti-c-myc or anti-p105 immunofluorescence by flow cytometry and were found not be affected significantly by type of fixative, exposure to organic solvents, acid pH solution, or mechanical disruption. Levels of c-myc oncoprotein were reduced by over 50%, however, when cells were exposed to 0.5% pepsin, whereas p105 was more resilient with only an approximately 7% reduction following the same treatment. Thus, careful examination of aspects of the deparaffinization/dissociation technique appears to be a necessary prerequisite for quantification of specific nuclear proteins from dissociated tissue specimens.