cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Historical Dictionary of Opera by Scott L. Balthazar

The history of opera would be challenging to convey in a single volume, even when written as a dictionary. The author of the Historical Dictionary of Opera faced many challenges in presenting his w...
Rights, obligations and the making of modern immigration laws

States across the United States are increasingly enacting harsh and punitive immigration laws to encourage what proponents refer to as self-deportation. This paper examines the ideological forces t...
Pheromone Trap Monitoring System for Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in the Southern United States: Effects of Lure Type, Age, and Duration in Storage

Studies were conducted to develop a pheromone trap monitoring system for the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.), in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., in the southern United States. The current studies examined the effects of lure type, age, and their duration in cold storage on weevil collections in traps. We also characterized release rates of pheromone off soxhlet-extracted and nonextracted rubber septa. Most commercially prepared (matrix sheet system) lures and methylene chloride-extracted rubber septa did not differ in their attractiveness to C. formicarius when loaded with 10 μg of pheromone, but they did differ when loaded with 100 μg of pheromone. Traps baited with extracted rubber septa caught more weevils than those baited with matrix sheet lures. In another experiment, weevil counts did not differ among traps baited with rubber septa that were soxhlet-extracted with methylene chloride and those not extracted for septa obtained from two commercial suppliers. Regression parameter estimates from log10 release rate (ng/h) on log10 dosage did not differ among soxhlet-extracted and non extracted rubber septa obtained from one of the suppliers and extracted septa obtained from the other supplier. Lure age, however, did affect attractiveness to C. formicarius . The percentage of weevils caught per night decreased with an increase in lure age for ages between 0 and 80 d. However, nonextracted lures from one of the suppliers can probably be used for monitoring for at least 2 mo in the fleld. Soxhlet-extracted lures from the other supplier lost their attractiveness more rapidly; hence, a shorter replacement time of between 1 and 2 mo is probably sufficient. Time in cold storage did not affect the attractiveness of soxhletextracted rubber septa. Septa loaded with 10 μg of synthetic sex pheromone, sealed in air tight vials and stored in a refrigerator at 5 ± 1°C for >2.2 yr, were as attractive as those stored for only 90 d. The importance of these data in a pheromone trap monitoring program for this weevil is discussed.
Mass shifting and radical delivery with crown ether attachment for separation and analysis of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids.

Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) are important phospholipids frequently present in many types of cells. In some cases, PE has been equated with PC because they are chemically very similar and are often isomeric species. In this study, we demonstrate that noncovalent complexation between PE and 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) can be used to quantitatively mass shift and separate PE from PC phospholipids. Detection of PE is also more sensitive by approximately an order of magnitude with addition of 18C6. This noncovalent complexation approach is used to separate and quantitatively characterize PE in a soy bean asolectin extract. 18C6 (modified with an iodobenzoyl moiety) can also be used to efficiently generate radical PE lipids following photoactivation in the gas phase. Subsequent collisional activation of these lipid radical ions leads to radical directed dissociation (RDD), which generates unique fragment ions relative to dissociation of comparable even electron ions. Interestingly, ...
Abstract 1749: Bortezomib and JQ1 hold promise for human and canine osteosarcoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of both humans and dogs. Despite advances in treatment of other cancers, the clinical outcome of OS remains poor for the past decades. Therefore, there is a great need to identify novel and effective treatments for osteosarcoma. Several classes of novel small molecules with anti-tumor activities have become available in the last few years. Among these are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which are able to inhibit kinase activity of many receptor tyrosine kinases. Another class of molecules target bromodomains which modify chromatin and block transcription of key factors, another class of molecules target inhibition of the proteasome which induces cell death through various mechanisms. Previous findings from our lab identified two TKIs (sunitinib, sorafenib), a bromodomain inhibitor (JQ1), and a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib) as having good growth inhibition effects in low concentrations on three canine OS cell lines (D17, Abrams, and Gracie) and two human OS cell lines (SAOS2 and U2OS) in a series of drug screening assay. Among these candidates, we hypothesized that bortezomib and JQ1 would be effective against canine and human OS cell lines. We then determined the exact IC50 values of these two drugs, the concentration capable of inhibiting proliferation by 50%. The IC50 values of bortezomib varied in cells from 0.01 to 0.22 μM and JQ1 from 0.5 μM to 12.5 μM, which all within achievable plasma concentration and tolerable levels. In addition, these two drugs shown to decrease cell migration ability in wound healing assay as well as invasion ability in matrigel assay. With the promising results from in vitro studies, we further exam JQ1 as therapeutic strategy in an orthotopic tumor xenograft mouse model. However, the evaluation of JQ1 efficiency need to be evaluated before human and canine OS clinical trials. Citation Format: Yating Yang, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan. Bortezomib and JQ1 hold promise for human and canine osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1749. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1749
Lightning Protection of HVDC Transmission System

The lightning performance of high voltage direct curent(HVDC) transmission line is analyzed and compared with that of AC transmission line.The operation experiences of HVDC transmission lines in China are presented.The operation experiences indicate that lightning flashover rate of HVDC line is higher than lightning outage rate of AC line,and the flashover number on positive pole of HVDC line resulting from lightning stroke is 8 times larger than that of negative pole line,because the lightning is negative polarity in most situation.The influences of DC voltage on the lightning estimation method of HVDC line are also discussed,the suggestions on the estimation method and parameters are proposed through comparing and analyzing the estimation methods all over the world,and the estimation of HVDC lines with the estimation method is accordant with operation experiences in China.Moreover,lightning protection measures for the HVDC converter station are analyzed,suitable lightning protection measures of HVDC system are proposed.
Technology Design:Visualization of Technological Cognition

The essence of technology design is a creative activity that engineers normalize and quantify the technology conception in mind and express them in standard drawings or specification with the application of theories and methods of design in the process of creating and modifying technology artifact.Meanwhile,technology design is also the key to solving technology problems,in which engineers can visualize and embody abstract technological cognition through stages such as analyzing problems,synthesizing trade-offs,practical assessment,and finally formulate practical solutions to technology problem.In different cognition situations,technology design is regarded as a black-box,or a white-box,or a system,which correspondingly reflects the creativity,rationality and process control of technology design.
An epigenetic switch regulates de novo DNA methylation at a subset of pluripotency gene enhancers during embryonic stem cell differentiation

Coordinated regulation of gene expression that involves activation of lineage specific genes and repression of pluripotency genes drives differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC). For complete repression of pluripotency genes during ESC differentiation, chromatin at their enhancers is silenced by the activity of the Lsd1-Mi2/NuRD complex. The mechanism/s that regulate DNA methylation at these enhancers are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the affect of the Lsd1-Mi2/NuRD complex on the dynamic regulatory switch that induces the local interaction of histone tails with the Dnmt3 ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L (ADD) domain, thus promoting DNA methylation at the enhancers of a subset of pluripotency genes. This is supported by previous structural studies showing a specific interaction between Dnmt3-ADD domain with H3K4 unmethylated histone tails that is disrupted by histone H3K4 methylation and histone acetylation. Our data suggest that Dnmt3a activity is triggered by Lsd1-Mi2/NuRD-mediated histone deacetylation and demethylation at these pluripotency gene enhancers when they are inactivated during mouse ESC differentiation. Using Dnmt3 knockout ESCs and the inhibitors of Lsd1 and p300 histone modifying enzymes during differentiation of E14Tg2A and ZHBTc4 ESCs, our study systematically reveals this mechanism and establishes that Dnmt3a is both reader and effector of the epigenetic state at these target sites.
The lack of correlation between hallucinogenesis and inhibition of axoplasmic transport.

Several hallucinogenic indoles were examined for an inhibitory effect upon fast axoplasmic transport of proteins in the optic system of the anesthetized rat. No inhibition was produced by milligram levels of lysergide or N,N-dimethyltryptamine, although some derivatives of N,N-dimethyltryptamine produced partial inhibition at this dose. Harmaline and 6-methoxylharmalan, which are poor hallucinogens, are active as inhibitors of transport. The hallucinogenic compound R(-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane and its nonhallucinogenic enantiomer were also tested for antitransport activity in a system in vitro which utilized the rat sciatic nerve. Both enantiomers are effective inhibitors of axoplasmic transport. It is concluded that inhibition of axoplasmic transport is not correlated with hallucinogenesis, even though a good correlation of these parameters has previously been observed in studies of a series of structurally related derivatives of mescaline.
Abstract 16363: The Association Between Cerebral Oxygenation and Brain Waves Measured by Cerebral Oximetry and Electroencephalography (EEG) During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): A Feasibility Study

Background: Cerebral ischemia following cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A major hurdle to improving CA outcomes has been the lack of a real-time detection system capable of identifying cerebral ischemia/oxygenation as well as brain function during CPR as markers of global ischemia. In particular no studies have examined the feasibility of real-time EEG and cerebral oximetry monitoring during CPR to evaluate for these parameters. Methods: This was a single center study using a convenience sample of CA patients enrolled between 03/2014 and 03/2015. Inclusion criteria: In/out of hospital CA, age ≥ 18 years. Portable EEG (Masimo) and cerebral oximetry (Nonin) were used during CPR cases lasting >10 minutes. Raw EEG data were captured as consecutive images (1/second) during each pause in CPR (10 seconds), while oximetry was captured continuously. Results: 16 patients were recruited; mean age = 70±13 years; 11 males and 5 females. All subjects exhibited interpretable EEG patterns, while 50% (n=8/16) had >1 interpretable pattern. There were 428 EEG images. 40.7% (n=174/428) were artifactual due to electrical interference, poor electrode adhesion or movement. 59.3% (n=254/428) were interpretable with seven distinct patterns identified: marked voltage attenuation (MVA) (78%), theta (8%), delta (5%), diffuse quasi-periodic discharge (4%), burst suppression (2%), spike/wave (2%), generalized rhythmic delta activity (1%). Based on known neurological associations, these patterns were further categorized as a) favorable (theta/delta) or b) unfavorable (the remaining patterns). No significant association was observed between cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) and favorable vs. unfavorable EEG patterns (median rSO2 (IQR) = 43.8% (39-48%) vs. 47.5% (42-52%) respectively). Conclusions: Real-time monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and function during CA is feasible. While MVA is the commonest EEG pattern, other distinct patterns also exist. Further studies are needed to explore the association between cerebral oxygenation and EEG patterns during CA as well as to identify intra-CA EEG and oximetry thresholds as markers for therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating cerebral ischemia during CA in real-time.
Integration of thin film MIM capacitors and resistors into copper metallization based RF-CMOS and Bi-CMOS technologies

High precision metal-insulator-metal capacitors with a capacitance density of 1.6 fF/um/sup 2/ and metal thin film resistors of 50 ohm/sq. sheet resistance and a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity smaller than 100 ppm//spl deg/C have been integrated in a dual-inlaid Cu-based backend for mixed-signal applications. These devices deliver reduced parasitics, better linearity, lower temperature coefficients, lower noise, and better matching as compared to current silicon based devices.
Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams: A complex interaction between the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere

We use a novel coupled model of the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system consisting of the OpenGGCM magnetosphere model, the CTIM ionosphere- thermosphere model, and the RCM model for the drift physics of the inner magnetosphere to study Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS). We use the model to simulate the March 17, 2013 "St. Patrick's day" geomagnetic storm. It had been previously established that SAPS occur during this storm. We demonstrate that the model can reproduce the salient features of SAPS. In particular, the model reproduces the strong northward electric field associated with westward flows, well equatorward of the convection cells. The flows are located just equatorward of the lower boundary of electron precipitation and thus in a region of low ionosphere conductance. Associated with the flows is a deepening through in electron density. The SAPS extend from post-noon to post-midnight, and with increasing local time they extend to lower and lower latitudes. This had been previously fond in a statistical sense, but the model finds that this behavior is also true at given times. We thus conclude that self-consistent modeling of SAPS is now possible, which enables us to study their properties in more detail.
Genet diversity, genetic structure, and trait expression of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) after clear-cut harvesting and post-harvest soil treatments

Trembling aspen is a fast growing, broadly distributed tree in North America that reproduces by root suckers (clonally) and by seeds (sexually). Since timber harvesting can affect both reproduction...
Analysis of multi-channel microfluidics for serial dilution in lab-on-CMOS platforms

Lab-on-CMOS platforms provide a means to integrate microfluidics with biochips composed of various bioprobes immobilized on the surface of CMOS instrumentation chips. This paper outlines recent developments in lab-on-CMOS technologies and presents an analysis of the challenges to achieving accurate serial dilution of test samples over sensing elements in lab-on-CMOS platforms. Based on this analysis, sensing chambers, channel placements, mixers, and microchannel geometries were optimized to achieve rapid fluid exchange and well-controlled dilution ratios. Utilizing an analogous electric circuit model, the design of a four-channel microfluidic device is presented along with simulation results validating the capability of the device to achieve accurate serial dilution in four different sensing chambers. The resulting device enables simultaneous measurement of samples with different concentrations for rapid sensor or sample calibration in lab-on-CMOS applications.
Simulations of Eurasian winter temperature trends in coupled and uncoupled CFSv2

Conflicting results have been presented regarding the link between Arctic sea-ice loss and midlatitude cooling, particularly over Eurasia. This study analyzes uncoupled (atmosphere-only) and coupled (ocean–atmosphere) simulations by the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), to examine this linkage during the Northern Hemisphere winter, focusing on the simulation of the observed surface cooling trend over Eurasia during the last three decades. The uncoupled simulations are Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) runs forced with mean seasonal cycles of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice, using combinations of SST and sea ice from different time periods to assess the role that each plays individually, and to assess the role of atmospheric internal variability. Coupled runs are used to further investigate the role of internal variability via the analysis of initialized predictions and the evolution of the forecast with lead time. The AMIP simulations show a mean warming response over Eurasia due to SST changes, but little response to changes in sea ice. Individual runs simulate cooler periods over Eurasia, and this is shown to be concurrent with a stronger Siberian high and warming over Greenland. No substantial differences in the variability of Eurasian surface temperatures are found between the different model configurations. In the coupled runs, the region of significant warming over Eurasia is small at short leads, but increases at longer leads. It is concluded that, although the models have some capability in highlighting the temperature variability over Eurasia, the observed cooling may still be a consequence of internal variability.
A variational method for analyzing limit cycle oscillations in stochastic hybrid systems.

Many systems in biology can be modeled through ordinary differential equations, which are piece-wise continuous, and switch between different states according to a Markov jump process known as a stochastic hybrid system or piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP). In the fast switching limit, the dynamics converges to a deterministic ODE. In this paper, we develop a phase reduction method for stochastic hybrid systems that support a stable limit cycle in the deterministic limit. A classic example is the Morris-Lecar model of a neuron, where the switching Markov process is the number of open ion channels and the continuous process is the membrane voltage. We outline a variational principle for the phase reduction, yielding an exact analytic expression for the resulting phase dynamics. We demonstrate that this decomposition is accurate over timescales that are exponential in the switching rate ϵ−1. That is, we show that for a constant C, the probability that the expected time to leave an O(a) neighborhood of the limit cycle is less than T scales as T exp (−Ca/ϵ).
Within-Session Changes in Response Rate: Implications for Behavioral Pharmacology

An assumption inherent in the theory and practice of operant psychology is that response rate is relatively invariant during steady-state procedures. Recent research has refuted this assumption, demonstrating instead that response rate changes in a large and systematic fashion during many steady-state operant procedures. This finding mandates that operant researchers take into account these within-session changes in response rate when designing and conducting research. Because behavioral pharmacologists use operant techniques and principles, these within-session changes in response rate must be taken into account when conducting behavioral pharmacological research as well. This paper briefly reviews what is known about within-session response patterns and poses the question: Might similar factors contribute to within-session changes in response rate when both drug and nondrug reinforcers are used? Finally, the paper explores some implications of within-session changes in response rate for behavioral pharmacology
The Death of Usury, the Democratization of Credit and the Financial Well Being of the American Consumer

This paper will discuss the history of usury and how usury effectively died with the United States Supreme Court decision in Marquette National Bank v. First of Omaha Service Corporation. Following a discussion of both the criticisms and the support of the Marquette decision, this paper will then describe how the death of usury has led to the democratization of credit and how the democratization of credit has affected the American financial market. The public response to the democratization of credit will also be explored. Using data published by the Federal Reserve I will then analyze the change in financial well being for the American consumer since the Marquette decision. After describing the change in financial well being of the American consumer, this paper will briefly discuss solutions proposed by academia, such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the reinstitution of effective usury law.
“I am not criticizing you”: A constructionist analysis of an indirect speech act

Abstract This study examines a Chinese indirect speech act conventionally expressed with what I call the construction of earnest advice. From a constructionist perspective, I posit that the construction of earnest advice is an indirect speech act construction. Its idiosyncratic form is paired with the function of showing genuine concern and providing advice in the best interest of the hearer. Based on corpus evidence and discourse analysis, I analyze the contextually situated subtypes of this function, including passing judgments, providing suggestions, issuing complaints and mock sarcasms. The use of the contextual subtypes depends on interpersonal factors such as social distance, power difference, and group membership. This study has implications for politeness theories.
An Endogenous Equilibrium Game on Traffic Congestion Externalities.

Traffic congestion and road tolls are familiar economic concepts for most undergraduates; however, students often have difficulty explaining exactly how theoretical principles like externalities an...
Perceptions of Quality and Household Water Usage: A Representative Study in Jacksonville, FL

When faced with the fear of low-quality tap water, households are motivated to seek out and use alternatives. This study investigated the role of quality perception and aesthetics on choices among three modes of household water usage: unfiltered tap water, filtered tap water, and bottled water. The data were based on a telephone survey of randomly selected households in Jacksonville, FL, conducted during March 2016. As the three modes of water usage were not mutually exclusive, a multivariate probit model was fitted and simultaneous parameter estimates were generated for each of three binary equations. The key results suggest that concerns regarding safety, contamination and sickness linked to unfiltered tap water are associated with increased bottled water usage in the home, but they have no effect on water filter usage. By contrast, complaints about foul-smelling water are associated with increased usage of water filters. In addition, the evidence implies that while water filter usage increases with household income, bottled water usage appears insensitive to changes in income. Finally, African-American households have a higher probability than other racial groups of using bottled water in the home, all else equal.
Determination of Pharmacodynamic Target Exposures for Rezafungin against Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis in the Neutropenic Mouse Disseminated Candidiasis Model.

ABSTRACT Rezafungin (CD101) is a novel echinocandin under development for once-weekly intravenous (i.v.) dosing. We evaluated the pharmacodynamics (PD) of rezafungin against 4 Candida tropicalis and 4 Candida dubliniensis strains, using the neutropenic mouse invasive candidiasis model. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC was a robust predictor of efficacy (R2 = 0.93 and 0.72, respectively). The stasis free-drug 24-h AUC/MIC target exposure for the group ranged from 3 to 25, whereas the 1-log-kill free-drug 24-h AUC/MIC target exposure ranged from 4.3 to 62. These values are similar to those found in previous rezafungin PD studies with other Candida spp. Based on recent surveillance susceptibility data, AUC/MIC targets are likely to be exceeded for >99% of C. tropicalis and C. dubliniensis isolates with the previously studied human dose of 400 mg i.v. once weekly.
Laparoscopic Distal/Subtotal Gastrectomy

Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Historically, curative surgical intervention was open gastrectomy but recent studies suggest that laparoscopic gastrectomy may be equivalent to or better than open gastrectomy. Although a laparoscopic approach may not be ideal for all patients, the procedure may result in less blood loss, shorter recovery time, and similar survival rates compared to open gastrectomy. One of the critical components of laparoscopic gastric surgery is lymph node dissection because of its technical complexity. This chapter outlines the step-by-step surgical procedure to perform laparoscopic gastrectomy and lymph node dissection. The chapter highlights key techniques, discusses anatomic considerations, and describes proper care for a successful laparoscopic gastrectomy.
Formation of wavy carbon nanofibers and nanocoils via precursor constrained microbuckling

Abstract Flexible carbon nanosprings and wavy nanofibers can be used in micro and nanoelectromechanical system devices, deployable structures, flexible displays, energy storage, catalysis, nanocomposites and a multitude of other uses. A novel method to produce wavy and helical carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is presented here. The CNFs with controlled geometry were fabricated via pyrolysis of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as the precursor. The waviness/helicity of nanofibers was achieved by subjecting the precursor nanofibers to constraint buckling inside a thermally shrinking matrix. The much higher tendency of the matrix to shrink, compared to PAN nanofibers, was achieved by controlling the microstructure and crystallinity of the precursors. The formation of the wavy/helical geometry was explained quantitatively via mechanistic models, by minimizing the total mechanical energy stored in the PAN-matrix system during the matrix shrinkage. Despite its simplicity in considering elastic deformations only, the model provided reasonably quantitative matching with the experiments. Compared to existing methods in generating wavy/helical nanofibers, such as chemical vapor deposition growth methods, our method provides a more controllable geometry which is suitable for large scale production of aligned buckled CNFs.
Design of a customizable, modular pediatric exoskeleton for rehabilitation and mobility

Powered exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation and mobility assistance are currently available for the adult population and hold great promise for children with mobility limiting conditions. Described here is the development and key features of a modular, lightweight and customizable powered exoskeleton for assist-as-needed overground walking and gait rehabilitation. The pediatric lower-extremity gait system (PLEGS) exoskeleton contains bilaterally active hip, knee and ankle joints and assist-as-needed shared control for young children with lower-limb disabilities such as those present in the Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida and Spinal Cord Injured populations. The system is comprised of six joint control modules, one at each hip, knee and ankle joint. The joint control module, features an actuator and motor driver, microcontroller, torque sensor to enable assist-as-needed control, inertial measurement unit and system monitoring sensors. Bench-testing results for the proposed joint control module are also presented and discussed.
Existence of rotational waves in non-classical thermoelastic solid continua incorporating internal rotations

In this work, we demonstrate the existence of rotational waves in deforming thermoelastic non-classical solid continua in which the conservation and balance laws consider internal rotations due to the deformation gradient tensor (Jacobian of deformation) as well as their time varying rates. In this non-classical continuum theory, time dependent deformation of solid continua results in time dependent varying rotations, angular velocities and angular accelerations at material points. Resistance to these by deforming continua results in additional moments due to rotations, angular momenta due to rotation rates and rotational inertial effects due to angular accelerations at the material points. Currently this physics is neither considered in classical continuum mechanics (CCM) nor in non-classical continuum mechanics (NCCM) based on internal and/or Cosserat rotations. In this paper, we present derivation of conservation and balance laws in Lagrangian description: conservation of mass, balance of linear momentum, balance of angular momentum, balance of moment of moments, first and second laws of thermodynamics that include: (i) physics due to internal rotations resulting from the displacement gradient tensor (ii) new physics associated with rotation rates (angular velocities) and angular accelerations resulting from the varying, time dependent internal rotations at the material points. The balance laws derived here are compared with those that only consider internal rotations and their rates in the absence of rotational inertial effects (Surana et al. in J Therm Eng 1(6):446–459, 2015; Int J Eng Res Ind Appl 8(2):77–106, 2015) to demonstrate the influence of new physics. Constitutive variables and their argument tensors are established using the conjugate pairs in the entropy inequality, additional desired physics and the principle of equipresence. The constitutive theories are derived using Helmholtz free energy density as well as representation theorem and integrity. It is shown that the mathematical model consisting of the conservation and balance laws and the constitutive theories has closure. Existence of rotational waves is demonstrated due to the presence of angular velocities and angular accelerations arising from the time varying rotations and their rates when deforming solid continua offer rotational inertial resistance. In this paper, we only consider isotropic and homogeneous solid continua with small strain, small deformation physics and reversible mechanical deformation. Model problem studies are presented in a follow up paper.
Sad mood, emotion regulation, and response inhibition

Affect-as-information models, resource allocation models, and arousal biased competition theory predict different effects of mood on cognition. To test these theories, this study examines the effec...
Distributed Port Assignment for Extraction of Power Delivery Networks

The stringent requirements of power noise on complex multi-domain power delivery networks (PDN), and the complicated relationship between signal integrity and power integrity (PI) have led to an ever challenging PI sign-off process. A lumped PDN model is widely used, where the power network is treated as a two-port network with the impedances extracted by an electromagnetic solver. A distributed model of the power network is however preferred during a PI sign-off flow, providing a more accurate circuit model for time domain simulations. Hundreds or even thousands of ports need to be properly evaluated during the PDN extraction process, which can be computationally expensive and error prone. A Python tool is described here to enable a fast and configurable process for distributed port assignment during the PDN extraction process. An enhanced automation flow, integrated with the Python tool, has also been developed to support early power network exploration. In one case study, a 360X speedup in the port assignment process is achieved while revealing a high risk power network within the package. The proposed automation flow is versatile and highly adaptive for different power network topologies.
Helena Rosenblatt, The Lost History of Liberalism: From Ancient Rome to the Twenty-First Century : (Princeton University Press, 2018), $31.00, 368 pages, ISBN-10: 9780691170701

The heart of liberalism is generosity rather than self-interest. Such is the basic contention underlying Helena Rosenblatt’s The Lost History of Liberalism. From the French Revolution, to the 1848 ...
Exploring the origins of charitable acts: Evidence from an artefactual field experiment with young children

An active area of research within economics concerns the underpinnings of why people give to charitable causes. This study takes a new approach to this question by exploring motivations for giving among children aged 3–5. Using data gathered from 122 children, our artefactual field experiment naturally permits us to disentangle pure altruism and warm glow motivators for giving. We find evidence for the existence of pure altruism but not warm glow. Our results suggest pure altruism is a fundamental component of our preferences, and highlight that warm glow preferences found amongst adults likely develop over time. One speculative hypothesis is that warm glow preferences are learned through socialization.
Density matrix and purity evolution in dissipative two-level systems: I. Theory and path integral results for tunneling dynamics

The time evolution of the purity (the trace of the square of the reduced density matrix) and von Neumann entropy in a symmetric two-level system coupled to a dissipative harmonic bath is investigated through analytical arguments and accurate path integral calculations on simple models and the singly excited bacteriochlorophyll dimer. A simple theoretical analysis establishes bounds and limiting behaviors. The contributions to purity from a purely incoherent term obtained from the diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix, a term associated with the difference of the two eigenstate populations, and a third term related to the square of the time derivative of a site population, are discussed in various regimes. In the case of tunneling dynamics from a localized initial condition, the complex interplay among these contributions leads to the recovery of purity under low-temperature, weakly dissipative conditions. Memory effects from the bath are found to play a critical role to the dynamics of purity. It is shown that the strictly quantum mechanical decoherence process associated with spontaneous phonon emission is responsible for the long-time recovery of purity. These analytical and numerical results show clearly that the loss of quantum coherence during the evolution toward equilibrium does not necessarily imply the decay of purity, and that the time scales relevant to these two processes may be entirely different.
Considering Implications for Self and Institutions in Navigating Transitions in Teacher Education Administration

Three mid-career teacher educators, each of whom involuntarily served as mid-level administrators are now in the similar position of having left those roles. Each has a different story to tell and ...
A Bibliometric Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications of Pharmacy Practice Department Chairs.

Objective. To perform a bibliometric analysis of pharmacy practice department chairs at US schools and colleges of pharmacy to determine factors associated with their level of scholarly productivity. Methods. Scopus was searched for all publications by pharmacy practice chairs from all pharmacy schools through August 11, 2020. Publication metrics (total number of publications and citations and the Hirsch-index (h-index), and year of first publication), as well as characteristics of the individual chair and institution were collected. Characteristics were compared across groups. A generalized linear model was used to determine the correlation between the total number of publications and h-index to school ranking by US News & World Report (USNWR). Results. One hundred forty-one pharmacy practice chairs were identified. The majority were male and at the rank of professor, with a similar proportion from public and private institutions. The median total number of publications and citations was 19 and 247, respectively, with a median h-index of eight. Compared with female chairs, male chairs had a higher median total of publications and citations and a higher h-index. Chairs at public institutions had a higher median total of publications and citations and a higher publication rate, h-index, and m quotient. The USNWR ranking for the school was significantly correlated with total publications and the h-index. Conclusion. Pharmacy practice chairs vary significantly in their scholarship productivity, although those at institutions with a larger emphasis on research were more prolific. Observed differences in the publication metrics of male and female chairs warrants further study to determine possible explanations for this finding and its potential impact.
Introduction: Role of mental health professionals in the care of infertile patients

The authors of this Views and Reviews describe the evolution of the role of mental health counseling in infertility care. As the use of assisted reproductive technologies and third-party reproduction has grown, so too has the interest and demand for mental health services. A historical perspective is presented that sets the stage for subsequent discussions of key areas where mental health practitioners are able to contribute to the utility and outcomes of infertile patients as well as those involved in their care. This series of articles stresses the value of more comprehensive integration of mental health support into infertility practice and highlights practical opportunities to do so.
I've Got My Eyes on You: Implicit Social-Pressure Cues and Prosocial Behavior

Explicit social pressure has been shown to be a powerful motivator of prosocial behavior-like voting in elections. In this study, I report the findings of a randomized field experiment designed to study the impact of more subtle, implicit social-pressure treatments. The results of the experiment, conducted in the October 2011 municipal elections in Key West, Florida, demonstrate that even subtle, implicit observability cues can effectively mobilize citizens to vote, perhaps as much as explicit surveillance cues. The findings speak more broadly to our understanding of human decision making, and even evolution, and provide fodder for the claim that humans are evolutionarily programmed to respond to certain stimuli. I interpret the evidence to support the notion that evolutionarily charged impulses, like exposure to images that implicitly signal the potential for surveillance and observability, are sufficient to overcome powerful collective action incentives to free ride.
Time-Temperature-Stress Dependence of Boron Fiber Deformation

Flexural stress relaxation (FSR) and flexural internal friction (FIF) techniques were employed to measure the time-dependent deformation of boron fibers from -190 to 800 C. The principal specimens were 203 micrometers diameter fibers commercially produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a 13 micrometer tungsten substrate. The observation of complete creep strain recovery with time and temperature indicated that CVD boron fibers deform flexurally as anelastic solids with no plastic component.
Novel copolymers of styrene. 7. Some ring-disubstituted butyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates

AbstractNovel trisubstituted ethylenes, ring-disubstituted butyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH˭C(CN)CO2C4H9 (where R is 2-bromo-5-methoxy, 3-bromo-4-methoxy, 5-bromo-2-methoxy, 2-chloro-3-methoxy, 3-chloro-4-methoxy, 2-chloro-6-methyl, 3-chloro-4-methyl, 2-fluoro-4-methoxy) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The monomers were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and butyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 200-500oC range with residue (1-6% wt.), which then decomposed in the 500–800oC range.
The Effects of an Irrelevant Directional CUE on Human Information Processing

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of an irrelevant directional cue on human information processing. A fundamental concern in cognitive psychology and in human factors engineering is to understand the factors that affect the speed of translating information from a display into an appropriate control action. A series of related experiments demonstrate that the location of a stimulus provides an irrelevant directional cue that affects the time required to process the meaning of the stimulus. The reaction time data have revealed that the effect was not because of any simple isomorphic association between ear stimulated and ipsilateral hand. The same command ear stimulated interaction has also occurred for movement time. It is found that movements to the right are faster when the right command is heard in the right ear than when it is heard in the left ear, and, similarly, movements to the left are faster when the left command is heard in the left ear than when it is heard in the right ear. The Simon effect with visual displays is also elaborated in the chapter.
Competitive touchdown PCR for estimation of Escherichia coli DNA recovery in soil DNA extraction.

Abstract Competitive approaches have shown promise for overcoming some of the difficulties in the use of PCR for assessment of specific bacterial species in soil. A competitive touchdown PCR (cTD-PCR) protocol specific for the rrsB gene of Escherichia coli was developed for tracking the organism in environments impacted by human wastes. Regression of product ratios from co-amplification of varying amounts of analyte and competitor DNA templates was linear. To test the robustness of the method, reactions were titrated with an extract of sterilized soil; no significant effect was detected. The cTD-PCR was used to assay recovery of E. coli DNA from soil. Stock DNA was spiked onto two sterilized soils during extraction, and the purified extracts were analyzed by cTD-PCR. Recovery of DNA spiked at a rate of 180 ng g−1 was 34±7% (mean±S.D.) for an agricultural silt loam. DNA spiked at 1.8 pg g−1 was recovered at a mean rate of 6.1±1.3%. DNA in these extracts was not directly quantifiable by image analysis. The cTD-PCR method provides a useful means of quantifying small amounts of E. coli DNA, and could be modified for other specific targets in a mixture of DNA from a variety of organisms.
History of A-C wave Form, Its Determination and Standardization

With the birth of the transformer and the first distribution of alternating currents, wave form assumed interest, and methods were developed for its determination, chiefly the point-by-point method of instantaneous contact, mechanical oscillograph, cathode-ray oscillograph, and the oscilloscope with stabilized time axis. The point-by-point method, by which were made the first major contributions, is now practically superseded by oscillograph and oscilloscope, each finding increasing use in its field. With the determination of wave form accomplished, demand arose for its standardization corresponding to expanding applications. No single standard being suited to all applications, different standards have been developed in different fields, as in power, communication, and insulation. While it is desirable that standards, once set up, remain fairly stable, they should be subject to review and occasional change to keep in step with technological advances. Minor revision in communication is in progress. Although standards in other fields do not appear ideal, no immediate revision is recommended. Forty references are appended.
Size reduction of cavity-backed slot antennas

A technique for reducing the dimensions of the cavity of a cavity-backed slot antenna (CBSA) is presented, which facilitates proper fabrication and integration of miniaturized slot antennas on multilayer substrates. This is accomplished by replacing the solid metal around the traditional slot antennas with a specific metallic pattern that can be viewed as a series of parallel strip lines placed around the slot antenna. This metallic pattern is then modified by designing the parallel strips in a compact fashion to reduce the overall antenna dimensions and obtain a reduced-size CBSA. It is shown that, for a simple straight slot antenna, the overall occupied volume of the modified cavity backing the slot antenna can be reduced by more than 65% without affecting the high radiation efficiency of the antenna. A number of traditional cavity backed slot antennas and the proposed modified CBSAs are designed, fabricated, and measured. The reduced-size CBSAs show a very low input VSWR, low cross-polarized radiation levels, and high radiation efficiency. Despite their small ground plane size, the proposed cavity backed slot antennas have front-to-back ratio (FTBR) values in the range of 6-7 dB
Increased Fatigue Strength of Powder Forged Connecting Rods by Optimised Shot Peening

AbstractShot peening is a surface treatment commonly used to improve the fatigue life of aircraft, automotive, and other highly stressed structural components. This improvement is attributed to the formation of compressive residual stress in the surface layer of the material by the impingement of spherical media (shot). The compressive residual stress usually decreases the tensile stress created in the component by ‘in service’ external forces and, therefore, increases the fatigue strength of the part. To quantify the improvement resulting from shot peening, the fatigue behaviour of powder forged connecting rods and laboratory test bars from the base material (2%Cu steel), in both the stress free (unpeened) and surface treated (shot peened) condition, were compared. Fatigue data were correlated with the residual stress generated at the surface. The stress magnitude and depth were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Optimum processing parameters for shot peening were also determined. Results show ...
A Single Integral Finite Strain Viscoelastic Model of Ligaments and Tendons

A general continuum model for the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of soft biological tissues was formulated. This single integral finite strain (SIFS) model describes finite deformation of a nonlinearly viscoelastic material within the context of a three-dimensional model. The specific form describing uniaxial extension was obtained, and the idea of conversion from one material to another (at a microscopic level) was then introduced to model the nonlinear behavior of ligaments and tendons. Conversion allowed different constitutive equations to be used for describing a single ligament or tendon at different strain levels. The model was applied to data from uniaxial extension of younger and older human patellar tendons and canine medial collateral ligaments. Model parameters were determined from curve-fitting stress-strain and stress-relaxation data and used to predict the time-dependent stress generated by cyclic extensions.