cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 615: PP2A activation as a strategy for treatment of breast cancer

Background: Cells respond to stimuli by activating kinase signaling cascades that are counterbalanced by specific phosphatases so that the cell can return to a resting state. PP2A is a critical cellular phosphatase that negatively regulates multiple kinase cascades and displays strong tumor suppressor activity (Westermarck and Hahn, Trends Mol Med, 2008, 14:152-60). Inhibition of PP2A is essential for cell transformation and tumorigenesis (Chen et al., Cancer Cell, 2004, 5:127-36) and several physiological PP2A inhibitory proteins have been described. The oncoprotein SET is a potent inhibitor of PP2A that is overexpressed in cancer. We found that SET is overexpressed in 55-60% of primary breast cancer samples and identified peptides that antagonize SET, activate PP2A, reduce phosphorylation of oncoproteins, and inhibit xenograft tumor growth. Methods: Primary breast cancer samples and matched normal adjacent tissue were evaluated for overexpression of SET using qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Cytotoxicity of PP2A activation in breast cancer cell lines was assessed using the MTT assay. PP2A activity was measured using an immunprecipitation assay and cellular correlates of dephosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. Tumors in NOD/SCID mice with human breast cancer cell lines implanted into the mammary fat pad were treated with SET antagonist or a vehicle control by subcutaneous injection. Results: Assessment of SET expression was analyzed by qPCR from breast cancer samples and normal adjacent tissues. We observed greater than 3-fold increased expression of SET in 11 of 19 patients. We also observed SET overexpression in 7 of 13 triple negative breast cancer samples in a commercially available breast cancer cDNA array. SET overexpression was confirmed in breast cancer cell lines by qPCR and Western blotting. Antagonism of SET using COG449 inhibited growth of several cell lines arising from activation of PP2A. Activation of PP2A with COG449 reduced S62 phosphorylation of c-Myc and other known PP2A targets. Finally, subcutaneous treatment with 10 mg/kg COG449 significantly inhibited growth of xenografted tumors in the mammary fat pad of NOD/SCID mice. Importantly, in vivo studies in normal mice using COG449 shows no toxicity even at doses of 100 mg/kg. Conclusions: We demonstrated SET overexpression in breast cancer samples and that SET antagonism with COG449 activated PP2A. This results in cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells in vitro and reduced phosphorylation of c-Myc S62 and other PP2A targets. PP2A activation by SET antagonism inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models at concentrations that are nontoxic in normal mice to demonstrate that PP2A activation is a novel approach to breast cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 615. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-615
The Study of Feasibility about Teaching and Training of Middle Ear Surgery with Simulation of Farm Pig and Related Design

Middle ear surgery is an important component of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.Complex anatomy of the ear and occult lesions lead to difficulties in learning the otology for young doctors.Although the temporal bone dissection training can help physicians learn the ear anatomy,temporal bone specimens of human are very lack and the temporal bone dissection training can not provide real surgical experience.At present,many foreign medical institutions simulate surgical operation with animal models similar to human in order to learn techniques and minimize surgical risks and receive good results.The gene homology of pig and human is higher,and the anatomy,the size,shape,structure of the middle ear in pig are similar to the human.In this paper,by comparing the similarities and differences between different animals and the human ear,we explore the feasibility of teaching and training of middle ear surgical with simulation of pig and related design.
Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Notifiable Disease in A District from 2008 to 2013 Years

Objective To analyze the 2008-2013 years Longhu district notifiable disease,as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures on infectious diseases. Methods The data was analysed by software Excel 2007 and spss19.0. Results 28 kinds of B and C infectious diseases with 17754 cases were reported from 2008-2013.The tendency of the C incidence of the C infectious diseases increased every year. The top 5 diseases were: the hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis, Hepatitis B and mumps. Conclusion Hepatitis B, syphilis, pulmonary tuberculosis, HFMD and other infectious diarrhea were the most important infectious diseases, which affected the people's health in Longhu district. Herer were some kinds of sporadic cases in Insect and disease of natural focus In recent 6 years. CDC should strengthen monitoring in corresponding diseases in order to provent the local epidemic.
Lateral Ventricular Measurement During Infancy

In a previous communication with the society, we described our methods for establishing measurements of the width of the lateral ventricles at their superolateral corners. At that time a finding of 20 mm was accepted as normal. However, in infants and young children we have found that this value can normally be less than 20 mm and is related to the size of the head. A ratio has been established between the size of the lateral ventricles and the intracranial diameter.
Achieving High Resolution Ion Mobility Separations Using Traveling Waves in Compact Multiturn Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations.

We report on ion mobility (IM) separations achievable using traveling waves (TW) in a Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) module having a 44 cm path length and 16 90° turns. The performance of the TW-SLIM module was evaluated for ion transmission and IM separations with different RF, TW parameters, and SLIM surface gaps in conjunction with mass spectrometry. In this work, TWs were created by the transient and dynamic application of DC potentials. The module demonstrated highly robust performance and, even with 16 closely spaced turns, achieving IM resolution performance and ion transmission comparable to a similar straight path module. We found an IM peak capacity of ∼31 and peak generation rate of 780 s−1 for TW speeds of ∼80 m/s using the current multi-turn TW-SLIM module. The separations achieved for isomers of peptides and tetrasaccharides were found to be comparable to those from a ∼0.9-m drift tube-based IM-MS platform operated at the same pressure (4 Torr). The combined attributes of f...
Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support

The just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is an intervention design aiming to provide the right type/amount of support, at the right time, by adapting to an individual’s changing internal and contextual state. The availability of increasingly powerful mobile and sensing technologies underpins the use of JITAIs to support health behavior, as in such a setting an individual’s state can change rapidly, unexpectedly, and in his/her natural environment. Despite the increasing use and appeal of JITAIs, a major gap exists between the growing technological capabilities for delivering JITAIs and research on the development and evaluation of these interventions. Many JITAIs have been developed with minimal use of empirical evidence, theory, or accepted treatment guidelines. Here, we take an essential first step towards bridging this gap. Building on health behavior theories and the extant literature on JITAIs, we clarify the scientific motivation for JITAIs, define their fundamental components, and highlight design principles related to these components. Examples of JITAIs from various domains of health behavior research are used for illustration. As we enter a new era of technological capacity for delivering JITAIs, it is critical that researchers develop sophisticated and nuanced health behavior theories capable of guiding the construction of such interventions. Particular attention has to be given to better understanding the implications of providing timely and ecologically sound support for intervention adherence and retention.
An XYE acquisition interface for General Electric Starcam Anger cameras

To support more detailed experimental studies into various scatter correction techniques for single photon imaging studies, an interface was designed and built for acquiring position and energy data from the General Electric Starcam series of scintillation cameras. The interface monitors the main camera data pipeline without disturbing normal camera operations. Data events are latched and presented to a 16-b parallel output port. The 32-b data word is shifted out as two 16-b data words using a simple handshake protocol. If data are not transferred within a preset time, the interface resets and latches a data set. In addition to spatial and energy information, the data word includes information about detector motion and a run time-clock. >
Cause of Global Climate Changes: Correlation of Global Temperature, Sunspots, Solar Irradiance, Cosmic Rays, and Radiocarbon and Berylium Production Rates

Abstract Global temperature changes show excellent correlations with sunspots, total solar irradiance, 14C and 10Be production in the upper atmosphere, and cosmic ray incidence. Periods of global cooling coincided with these changes during the Oort, Wolf, Maunder, Dalton, 1880–1915, and 1945–1977 Solar Minimums. Increased 14C and 10Be production during times of increased cosmic radiation serves as a proxy for solar activity. Increased cloudiness, produced by ionization of aerosols in the atmosphere by cosmic rays, causes increased reflection of incoming solar irradiance and results in cooling of the atmosphere. The amount of cosmic radiation is greatly affected by the sun's magnetic field, so during times of weak solar magnetic field, more cosmic radiation reaches the Earth, creating more cloudiness and cooling the atmosphere. This mechanism accounts for the global synchronicity of climate changes, abrupt climate reversals, and climate changes on all time scales. Thus, cloud-generating cosmic rays provide a satisfactory explanation for both long-term and short-term climate changes.
Abstract 3375: Can prostate cancer derived neuromodulators regulate intratumoral axonogenesis

Well-developed angiolymphatic network in solid malignant tumors has been proven as an important requirement for tumor growth and progression. However, the level of innervation of the tumor mass is not a well-known factor in tumor development and spreading. Several mechanisms may be responsible for activation and inhibition of neural elements in the tumor microenvironment, including numerous neurotrophic factors (NF) that have axon attractive and axon repellent properties. We have examined 40 cases of human prostate adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemical stains, highlighting neural elements (S-100, PGP9.5, neurofilament) and blood vessels (CD31, CD34). The result revealed that while blood vessels were abundant in the tumor tissue, the neural structures were very scarce compared to benign prostate tissue. Next, in a model system, cell-free supernatants from TRAMP C2 and RM-1murine prostate cancer cell lines were added to the murine neuron cultures, and morphology of the neurons was analyzed by assessing the number of cells with neurites, the number of neuritis per cell, and the lengths of neurites. The data showed that tumor-conditioned media of TRAMP-C2 and RM-1 cells significantly inhibit the neurite growth in mouse neuron cultures. Analysis of gene expression in murine prostatic adenocarcinoma by RT-PCR revealed expression of Semaphorin 4A, Semaphorin 3F, Ephrin A1, Ephrin B2, and Slit2. Finally, the transfection of murine prostate cancer cells with Ephrin 1A and Slit2 siRNAs has prevented their neuron-inhibiting effect. Together, our results suggest that prostate carcinoma cells express NF factors that may inhibit neurite growth and lead to down-regulated innervation of tumor mass. The role of this phenomenon in tumor growth and metastatic potential is under investigation. Citation Format: Dmitriy W. Gutkin, Galina V. Shurin, Michael R. Shurin, Anton A. Keskinov. Can prostate cancer derived neuromodulators regulate intratumoral axonogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3375. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3375
“The Pride of History”: Post-punk and the Aesthetics of Post-modernity

This chapter examines the explosion-implosion of rock and roll narratives characterizing the post-punk era: 1978–1984. Through the theory of post-modernism, we see post-punk as a related aspect of the undermining of narratives in the wake decolonization, the Civil Rights era, and the rise of neoliberal globalization. Artists utilized the freedom of punk rock—which had undermined older rock and roll narratives—and began creating music that challenged the conventions of the very meaning of rock and roll: ranging from political stances, an embrace of noise or industrial sounds, the mobilization of twentieth-century avant-garde expressions, and even the ironic embrace of the emerging multinational corporate framework born of the shift from Keynesian economics to neoliberalism in the late 1970s.
Inoperable Pancreatic Cancer : Standard of Care

Inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a dilemma that oncologists frequently encounter. Only 15% to 20% of patients are diagnosed when cancer of the pancreas is still surgically resectable. However, pancreaticoduodenectomy is the only curative option for this disease and should be offered to all patients who meet resection criteria and do not have significant comorbidities. For inoperable pancreatic cancer, the goals of treatment are to palliate symptoms and prolong life. Improved survival in locally advanced disease has been demonstrated with chemoradiation plus fluorouracil or with gemcitabine (Gemzar) alone. In metastatic disease, single-agent gemcitabine has been associated with improvement in symptoms and survival. Trials combining various chemotherapeutic agents with gemcitabine have not had a significant impact on overall survival, although meta-analyses suggest a small benefit. The targeted agent erlotinib (Tarceva) has shown a modest improvement in overall survival in combination with gemcitabine. This combination is another option for first-line therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Despite these recent advances, survival for patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer continues to be poor. Future investigations need to focus on understanding the molecular nature of this malignancy, with the goal of developing interventions based on this knowledge.
Drawing on LGB Identity to Encourage Participation and Disclosure of Sexual Orientation in Surveys

This paper reports an experiment that tested how three survey cover designs – images of traditional families and individuals displaying themselves in typical gender ways; images of lesbian, gay, an...
Calcium Signaling-Mediated Plant Response to Cold Stress

Low temperatures have adverse impacts on plant growth, developmental processes, crop productivity and food quality. It is becoming clear that Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in conferring cold tolerance in plants. However, the role of Ca2+ involved in cold stress response needs to be further elucidated. Recent studies have shown how the perception of cold signals regulate Ca2+ channels to induce Ca2+ transients. In addition, studies have shown how Ca2+ signaling and its cross-talk with nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways ultimately lead to establishing cold tolerance in plants. Ca2+ signaling also plays a key role through Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated Arabidopsis signal responsive 1 (AtSR1/CAMTA3) when temperatures drop rapidly. This review highlights the current status in Ca2+ signaling-mediated cold tolerance in plants.
Operative Positioning Technique for an Intertrochanteric Fracture in a Patient with an Ipsilateral Below-the-Knee Amputation: A Case Report.

CASE A 56-year-old man with a remote history of a left below-the-knee amputation (BKA) presented to the emergency department with an ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture (IT). This case produced an operative challenge because commonly used intraoperative traction methods could not be applied to a patient with a BKA. CONCLUSION We describe a rarely utilized surgical technique of applying traction to an amputated extremity through an inverted boot on a fracture table during open reduction and internal fixation of an IT.
Enhancing power extraction in bottom-hinged flap-type wave energy converters through advanced power take-off techniques

Abstract The linear and non-linear dynamics of a bottom-hinged, flap-type wave energy converter in response to regular waves were studied through computational simulations to assess the performance of power take-off techniques and enhance the power extraction. The computational model was developed in Comsol Multiphysics using its Multibody Dynamics Module and was carefully validated. The hydrodynamic coefficients are from the linear wave theory. To avoid damages to the device, especially in extreme sea conditions, a brake mechanism is used to limit the amplitude of flap oscillations. With that limit imposed, we show that the optimum damping coefficient proposed in the literature for power take-off does not actually lead to an optimum power extraction for a range of wave frequencies. Over that range, the brake mechanism becomes engaged, leading to a significant energy loss. We propose new power take-off techniques that avoid the engagement of the brake, yet keep the amplitude within the specified range. They are proposed for both the linear and non-linear flap dynamics, and their efficacy is demonstrated for several flap geometries. The proposed techniques enhance the power extraction by as high as 600% (linear) and 19% (non-linear), in the latter case by minimizing the energy loss due to brake.
Negative Capability: Identity and Truth in Keats

Keats is often approached as a radical ironist whose poetry, in accordance with his theory of Negative Capability, undermines conventional notions of identity and truth. But if Keats's accounts of ...
Inconsistent correlation between procedural volume and publicly reported outcomes in adult cardiac operations.

Background Statewide public reporting provides transparent surgical outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between procedural volume and publicly reported outcomes following adult cardiac surgery. Methods The Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council (PHC4) statewide public reporting databases were analyzed. Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), isolated valve surgery, and CABG plus valve surgery performed between 2014 and 2016 were included. The primary outcomes were operative mortality and 30-day readmission. Expected operative mortality and 30-day readmission were calculated using the risk models developed by PHC4. Observed-to-expected (OE) ratios were correlated with procedural volume using weighted linear regression analysis. Results The study included 29 578 operations (16 641 isolated CABGs, 8618 isolated valves, and 4319 CABG plus valves) performed by 182 surgeons at 60 hospitals. The expected risk of operative mortality for surgeons was 1.5%, 1.8%, and 4.3%, and for hospitals 1.5%, 1.7%, and 4.3% for isolated CABGs, isolated valves, and CABG plus valves, respectively. Expected 30-day readmission for surgeons and hospitals was 10.3%, 13.4%, and 14.4% and 10.2%, 13.2%, and 14.3% for the same operations, respectively. There was an inconsistent correlation between surgeon and hospital volume and OE operative mortality or 30-day readmission for any of the index operations. Conclusion In this study of 29 578 index adult cardiac operations there is not a consistent association between surgeon or hospital volume and mortality or readmission for publicly reported outcomes. These data suggest that volume is not a reliable predictor of surgeon or hospital level OE outcomes in publicly reported data.
The Drake Equation: introducing Monte Carlo simulation in Excel for decision-making under uncertainty

"Hunting Aliens with Excel" is a classroom exercise used in an introductory information systems course. The exercise introduces the use of Excel spreadsheet modeling to assist decision-making when needed information is not available. The exercise introduces and demonstrates Monte Carlo techniques and several Excel concepts, functions, and tools.
Performance status and end-of-life care among adults with non–small cell lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

BACKGROUND Adults with impaired performance status (PS) often receive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) despite limited efficacy data and unknown effects on end-of-life care. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-site study of 237 patients with advanced NSCLC who initiated ICI treatment from 2015 to 2017. Cox regression was used to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients who had impaired PS (≥2) at the start of ICI treatment with those who had PS 0 or 1 using Cox regression. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the association between ICI use in the last 30 days of life and the use of end-of-life health care. RESULTS The patient mean age at ICI initiation was 67 years (range, 37-91 years), and 35.4% of patients had PS ≥2. Most patients (80.8%) received ICI as second-line or later therapy. The median OS was 4.5 months in patients with PS ≥2 and 14.3 months in those with PS 0 or 1 (hazard ratio, 2.5; P < .0001). Among the patients who died (n = 184), 28.8% who had PS ≥2 received ICIs in their last 30 days of life compared with 10.8% of those who had PS 0 or 1 (P = .002). Receipt of ICI in the last 30 days of life was associated with decreased hospice referral (odds ratio, 0.29; P = .008) and increased in-hospital deaths (odds ratio, 6.8; P = .001), independent of PS. CONCLUSIONS Adults with advanced NSCLC and impaired PS experience significantly shorter survival after ICI treatment and receive ICIs near death more often than those with better PS. Receipt of an ICI near death was associated with lower hospice use and an increased risk of death in the hospital. These results underscore the need for high-quality communication about potential tradeoffs of ICIs, particularly among adults receiving ICIs as second-line or later therapy.
CHAPTER 7 – FUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary Functions, like subroutines, allow you to subdivide a program into smaller, more manageable tasks. You can define a function to perform a specific task based on information you supply. In Turbo BASIC, predefined functions, called built-in functions, perform standard, frequently occurring tasks.
An Advanced AIDS Patient With CD4 <20 and Plasmablastic Lymphoma Achieving Complete Response With the V-EPOCH Regimen.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is highly aggressive and carries a poor prognosis. Although the standard chemotherapy choice for most diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) is R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), subtypes of DLBCL such as PBL are less responsive to this treatment regimen. The preferred regimens for PBL include infusional EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin hydrochloride), HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and dexamethasone), or CODOX-M/IVAC (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate/ifosfamide, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine). Recent studies have begun to investigate the addition of other agents to these regimens to improve survival. This case report is about a patient with a history of advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count <20 who had CD20 negative plasmablastic lymphoma and was successfully treated with the combination of bortezomib and dose-adjusted EPOCH (V-EPOCH) and intrathecal chemotherapy, achieving complete response with optimal tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first case to demonstrate a complete response with V-EPOCH for PBL in advanced AIDS with CD4 <20. We aim to highlight the importance of standardizing effective chemotherapeutic approaches to this cancer entity and augment the effectiveness of V-EPOCH therapy in the literature review.
Time to First Completed Visit and Health Care Utilization Among Young Adults Transferring From Pediatric to Adult Rheumatologic Care in a Safety-Net Hospital

OBJECTIVE The transfer from pediatric to adult care for young adults is a vulnerable period. Our objectives were to quantify the time between the final pediatric and the first adult visit and to evaluate unscheduled utilization in care and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients transferring to a large adult rheumatology clinic. Outcomes included time to first completed adult visit, unscheduled health care utilization (hospitalizations and emergency department [ED] visits), and progression to ESRD or death. Multivariable regression models assessed variables predictive of outcomes of interest. RESULTS A total of 141 pediatric patients who transferred care were identified: 77% female, 65% Hispanic, and 60% with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The mean time between final pediatric and first completed adult rheumatology visit was 221 days (range 0-1,207 days). In regression modeling, we found that continued insurance coverage, younger age at referral, and referral from a pediatric rheumatologist were predictive of shorter time to completed adult visit (P < 0.005). Factors associated with hospitalizations and ED visits included CTD diagnosis and Black race (odds ratio [OR] 8.54 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.84-39.58] and 3.04 [95% CI 1.02-9.12] for hospitalizations and OR 3.6 [95% CI 1.59-8.14] and 6.0 [95% CI 1.60-22.69] for ED visits, respectively). ESRD or death occurred among 15% of patients with a CTD. CONCLUSION In pediatric patients transferring to an adult rheumatology clinic, continued insurance coverage and referral from a pediatric rheumatologist decreased delays in attending an adult visit; CTD and Black race were associated with high rates of unscheduled health care utilization.
Contemporary Microbial and Antimicrobial Considerations in Regenerative Endodontic Therapy.

Abstract Introduction Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) has gained considerable attention and wide approval. Although it is being performed routinely, the outcomes remain unpredictable, and the optimal approaches for treatment are not established. It has been shown that bacterial persistence in root canals in these cases significantly interferes with healing and root maturation. However, few objective clinical studies have evaluated the complex microflora present in the infections or the efficacy of various clinical procedures. In addition, the extent of the infection and biofilm maturation in immature teeth with necrotic pulp has been understudied. Furthermore, most models used in preclinical evaluation of these issues do not fully elucidate the complexity or variability of the clinical situation. Results and Conclusion In this review, the main biological and clinical problems pertaining to RET will be discussed. Contemporary analysis of complex microbial communities will be reviewed with emphasis on how these types of analyses can provide clinically useful data. In addition, current and proposed approaches for the effective disinfection of the root canal environment without interference with stem cell viability or integrity of the dentin matrix in these cases will be explored. The future of research in this field, including better and more customizable approaches in RET, in light of recent technological advances and progress in endodontics, will be outlined.
Quantizing viscous transport in bilayer graphene.

The momentum transport in ultraclean bilayer graphene is characterized by the viscous transport. In quantizing magnetic field the momentum current passes through the guiding center of the cyclotron orbit. In this study we derive the formula of the quantized Hall viscosity for bilayer graphene. This can be detected in the non-local magnetoresistivity measurements that varies with the quantized step. For weak magnetic field the Landau levels start overlapping and lead to the Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillations, superimposed on the classical formulae, Ref[1]. These oscillations are present in the longitudinal and Hall viscosities.
The Fuglede conjecture holds in ℤp × ℤp

In this paper we study subsets E of ℤpd such that any function f : E → ℂ can be written as a linear combination of characters orthogonal with respect to E. We shall refer to such sets as spectral. In this context, we prove the Fuglede conjecture in ℤp2, which says in this context that E ⊂ ℤp2 is spectral if and only if E tiles ℤp2 by translation. Arithmetic properties of the finite field Fourier transform, elementary Galois theory and combinatorial geometric properties of direction sets play the key role in the proof. The proof relies to a significant extent on the analysis of direction sets of Iosevich et al. (Integers 11 (2011), art. id. A39) and the tiling results of Haessig et al. (2011).
Labral Index-Controlling Femoral Size to Evaluate the Relationship Between Relative Labral Size and Acetabular Version.

Purpose To assess the relationship of acetabular version with the length of the anterior and posterior labrum and to introduce a developed metric, the labral index, as a means of controlling for femoral head size when measuring labral length. Methods One hundred forty-eight patients who underwent hip arthroscopies for femoroacetabular impingement from October 2017 to October 2019 by a single hip surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram was used to measure central acetabular version (at the center of the femoral head) and cranial acetabular version (at the midpoint between the acetabular roof and center of the femoral head), as well as labral length at the anterior, posterior, and superolateral locations (3, 9, and 12 o’clock, respectively). Labral index was calculated by dividing anterior, posterior, and superolateral labral lengths by the radius of the femoral head. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the 2 continuous variables. A priori alpha of 0.05 was established as the cutoff for significance. Results Forty-three patients (26 female, 17 male) with an average age of 34.2 ± 11.6 years were included in analysis. Increased central anteversion was significantly associated with a larger anterior labral length and index (P = .023, r = 0.343 and .005, r = 0.415, respectively). Cranial anteversion weakly correlated with a significantly increased anterior labral index (P = .047, r = 0.304) but not with larger anterior labral length (P = .089, r = 0.262). No statistically significant association was present for central or cranial version with posterior or superolateral labral measurements. Lateral center edge angle did not correlate with labral size at any location. Conclusions In patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement, greater acetabular anteversion was significantly associated but weakly correlated with increased anterior labral length, whereas no association was found between posterior labral length and acetabular version. The labral index may be a useful metric to normalize labral length relative to the radius of the femoral head that warrants further investigation for its clinical utility in guiding labral reconstruction versus labral repair. Level of Evidence Level IV, diagnostic case series.
Secondary Use-Plug-and-Play Energy Storage System Composed of Multiple Energy Storage Technologies

Low-cost, grid-connectable energy storage technologies represent a significant challenge for the electric grid of the future. Energy storage technologies are in rapid development with targets to reduce the storage medium cost. However, a significant cost to deployment also comes in the integration. This paper presents the development of a plug.-and-play system for supporting secondary use multiple battery systems into a single grid connectable unit. Results of the system design are demonstrated in a controller hardware in the loop (CHIL) platform. Simulations of two energy storage systems operating in parallel and dispatched optimally are presented.
Cost Analysis for Decision Making and Control: Marginal Costing versus Absorption Costing

Purpose – Management requires adequate, systematic and useful cost data and reports to manage a business enterprise and to achieve its business objectives. The useful information provided by cost records and reports in cost accounting assist management in making their decisions. Therefore, Management Accounting may be defined as the application of accounting techniques for providing information designed to aid all levels of management in planning and controlling the activities of the business enterprise in decision making. Marginal costing is a costing technique in which only variable manufacturing cost are considered and used while valuing inventories and determining the cost of goods sold. That is, only variable manufacturing costs are considered product cost and are allocated to products manufactured. Absorption cost also known as full costing is a costing technique in which all manufacturing costs, variable and fixed are considered as cost of production and are used in determining the cost of goods manufactured and inventories. All manufacturing costs are fully absorbed in to finished goods. Traditional absorption costing systems have long been subject to criticism. Two long-standing issues have been the choice of appropriate overhead recovery rates and secondly the controversy about the need to allocate overheads at all. During the last two decades the problems of traditional absorption costing and marginal costing were again brought under the spotlight. The paper extends the previous research and literature review that investigate marginal and absorption costing methods whose obviously each have their supporters and arguments both in favor of and against each method.
Identification of SoxS-Regulated Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium responds to superoxide-generating agents through soxR-mediated activation of the soxS gene, whose product, SoxS, is necessary for resistance to oxidative stress. The S. enterica serovar Typhimurium soxRS system also mediates redox-inducible resistance to diverse antibiotics, which may be relevant to clinical infections. In order to identify SoxS-regulated genes in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, a lacI-regulated expression system for the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium soxS gene was developed. This system was used to demonstrate that soxS expression is sufficient for the induction of resistance to the superoxide-generating drug paraquat and for the transcriptional activation of the sodA and micF genes. In addition, a library of random lacZ insertions was generated and screened for clones displaying differential β-galactosidase activity in the presence or absence of SoxS. This selection yielded six independent chromosomal lacZ transcriptional fusions that were activated by either artificial expression of SoxS or exposure of wild-type cells to micromolar concentrations of paraquat. Moreover, disruption of the inducible genes by the insertions rendered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium hypersensitive to millimolar concentrations of paraquat. Nucleotide sequence determination identified the disrupted genes as sodA (Mn-containing superoxide dismutase), fpr (NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase), and ydbK (a putative Fe-S-containing reductase).
A model for residual stress evolution in air-plasma-sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coatings

Ruby fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that residual stress in air-plasma-sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coatings is a function of the local interface geometry. The stress profile of a simulated rough interface characterized by ``peaks'' and ``valleys'' was modeled with a finite-element approach that accounted for thermal mismatch, oxide scale growth, and top coat sintering. Dependence of the stress profile on interface geometry and microstructure was investigated, and the results were compared with measured stresses.
Estimating Housing Quality for Poverty and Development Policy Analysis: CWIQ in Ghana

Inadequate data on housing characteristics and lack of consensusregarding appropriate measures of housing quality characteristicsretard developments to meet housing needs of people in lessdeveloped countries. A constructed housing quality index is developed and Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis are employedeo evaluate its measurement properties. With data from the CoreWelfare Indicators Questionnaire (CWIQ) survey of 1997, theconstructed housing quality index identifies key factors relatedto housing quality in Ghana. Access to quality of life amenities contributes significant information and policy value to traditionalphysical attributes in modeling a housing quality index.
Microbiological oxidation of ferrous iron at low temperatures.

Acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria were enriched from mine water samples with ferrous sulfate as the substrate at incubation temperatures in the range of 4 to 46°C. After several subcultures at each test temperature except 46°C, which was prohibitive to growth, the rates of iron oxidation were determined in batch cultures. The results yielded linear rates in a semilogarithmic scale. The rate constants of iron oxidation by growing cultures were fitted into the Arrhenius equation, which displayed linearity in the 4 to 28°C range and yielded an activation energy value of 83 ± 3 kJ/mol.
Chinese Street Opera in Singapore

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Tong Soon Lee Year: 2009 Pages: 232 Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 978-0-252-03246-2 (hard cover). Prices: $40.00 USD(hard cover).
Biochemical hematology of platelets and leukocytes.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on selected aspects of platelet and leukocyte function and dysfunction in order to illustrate important biochemical pathways. It essentially describes the complexity of biochemical pathways regulating platelet and leukocyte function in health and disease. In specific, platelets play a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Their surface membrane is exquisitely designed for interaction with specific components of the vascular endothelial cell matrix. During hemostasis, circulating platelets rapidly adhere to the exposed vascular subendothelium of damaged blood vessels. This adhesion induces a variety of intracellular biochemical events that lead to platelet aggregation, the secretion of granule contents, and the expression of procoagulant activity to support fluid phase coagulation. On the other hand, the function of neutrophils is to phagocytose invading pathogens—such as—bacteria, or other foreign material. Once pathogenic material has been phagocytosed, it is then degraded in lysosomal granules within the neutrophil via lysosomal enzymes—such as—lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase.
The Hernando de Soto Expedition: History, Historiography, and "Discovery" in the Southeast; Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms

The Hernando de Soto Expedition: History, Historiography, and "Discovery" in the Southeast. Patricia Galloway. ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.458 pp. Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms. Charles Hudson. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1997.562 pp.
Shifting Spatial Patterns Of A Monocentric Metropolitan Area: The Evolution Of An Employment Cluster In The Buffalo-Niagara Falls, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 1990-2000

These findings are contrary to the established economic and geography literature that strongly suggests employment suburbanization has and will continue to create employment centers beyond the central city in metropolitan areas.
Systolic Algorithms for the Parallel Solution of Dense Symmetric Positive-Definite Toeplitz Systems

The most popular method for the solution of linear systems of equations with Toeplitz coefficient matrix on a single processor is Levinson’s algorithm, whose intermediate vectors form the Cholesky factor of the inverse of the Toeplitz matrix. However, Levinson’s method is not amenable to efficient parallel implementation. In contrast, use of the Schur algorithm, whose intermediate vectors form the Cholesky factor of the Toeplitz matrix proper, makes it possible to perform the entire solution procedure on one processor array in time linear in the order of the matrix.
Muscarine hyperpolarizes a subpopulation of neurons by activating an M2 muscarinic receptor in rat nucleus raphe magnus in vitro

It has been shown previously that the muscarinic cholinergic system in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) is involved in the modulation of nociception. In this study, we examined the direct actions of muscarine on the NRM neurons in a slice preparation. Muscarine (1-30 microM) produced a dose-dependent hyperpolarization in a subpopulation of the NRM cells that contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In voltage clamp, the muscarine-induced outward current reversed polarity at the potassium equilibrium potential and was characterized by strong inward rectification. The reversal potential was dependent on external potassium concentration, suggesting that the hyperpolarization induced by muscarine was mediated through an increase in an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. 5-HT also hyperpolarized these cells by increasing the same inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. The concentration-response curve for muscarine (EC50 = 2.7 microM) was shifted in a parallel manner to the right by increasing concentrations of pirenzepine (300 nM to 3 microM) and methoctramine (50-200 nM). Schild analysis revealed that the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) was 230 nM for pirenzepine and was estimated to be less than 30 nM for methoctramine. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptor mediating the muscarine activation of the potassium conductance in these cells is of the M2 subtype. The present results suggest an inhibitory cholinergic postsynaptic modulation on the activity of a subpopulation of serotonergic neurons that are involved in antinociceptive function in the NRM.
Frequency and pattern dependence of adrenergic and purinergic vasoconstriction in rat skeletal muscle arteries

Sympathetic nerves fire in bursts followed by brief periods of quiescence. Periods of quiescence may be a valuable part of coding for different neurotransmitters. We compared adrenergic- and non-adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction with repeating burst patterns versus constant frequency stimulation. Seventeen rats were killed, and the femoral arteries dissected out and mounted in organ tissue baths at 37°C and pH 7.4. Field stimulation was applied to artery rings from five rats at constant frequencies of 2–6 Hz for 144 impulses. In 12 rats, artery rings were stimulated with two burst pattern protocols consisting of repeating pairs, triplets, quadruplets or sextuplets performed using either 8 or 30 Hz as the instantaneous frequency for a total of 144 impulses. All protocols were repeated with the P2 purinergic antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′4′-disulphonic acid (PPADs; 0.42 m) or the α1-antagonist prazosin (1.59 μm). Tension was decreased by the addition of the P2 antagonist PPADs (P < 0.05). Prazosin abolished tension at all constant frequencies (P < 0.05). P2 and α1-antagonism decreased tension with 8 and 30 Hz burst pattern field stimulation. However, the magnitude of decrease in tension with prazosin was less with burst patterns compared to the same average constant frequencies (P < 0.05). It appears that P2X receptors and α1-receptors in the femoral artery are sensitive to frequency and patterns of electrical stimulation.
Preserving chemical signatures of primordial star formation in the first low-mass stars

We model early star forming regions and their chemical enrichment by Population III (Pop III) supernovae with nucleosynthetic yields featuring high [C/Fe] ratios and pair-instability supernova (PISN) signatures. We aim to test how well these chemical abundance signatures are preserved in the gas prior to forming the first long-lived low-mass stars (or second-generation stars). Our results show that second-generation stars can retain the nucleosynthetic signature of their Pop III progenitors, even in the presence of nucleosynthetically normal Pop III core-collapse supernovae. We find that carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars are likely second-generation stars that form in minihaloes. Furthermore, it is likely that the majority of Pop III supernovae produce high [C/Fe] yields. In contrast, metals ejected by a PISN are not concentrated in the first star forming haloes, which may explain the absence of observed PISN signatures in metal-poor stars. We also find that unique Pop III abundance signatures in the gas are quickly wiped out by the emergence of Pop II supernovae. We caution that the observed fractions of stars with Pop III signatures cannot be directly interpreted as the fraction of Pop III stars producing that signature. Such interpretations require modelling the metal enrichment process prior to the second-generation stars' formation, including results from simulations of metal mixing. The full potential of stellar archaeology can likely be reached in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, where the simple formation history may allow for straightforward identification of second-generation stars.
On Nei and Roychoudhury's Sampling Variances of Heterozygosity and Genetic Distance

The inequality relationship between the expected values of (j(x)-g)2 and (ĝ-g)2, where j(x) is a biased and ĝ is an unbiased estimate of population homozygosity g, were examined earlier by Nei and Roychoudhury (1974) and later by Mitra (1975). The improvement in the inequality still left much to be desired. In this paper a lower boundary of g has been obtained which may be regarded as ultimate for ensuring a smaller expected value of (j(x)-g)2 than the corresponding value of (ĝ-g)2.
A remark on the possible use of nonoriented graphs in biology.

It is suggested how nonoriented graphs may be used to representn-ary relations in organisms and to study the changes in variousn-ary relations under the transformation proposed in a previous paper (Bull. Math. Biophysics,16, 317–348, 1954).
Effects of aspartame and sucrose on hunger and energy intake in humans

Physiological and behavioral responses to high intensity sweeteners have been poorly characterized, leading to questions regarding their utility in weight management regimens. To address this issue, studies must independently control attributes such as the taste properties, chemical composition and energy contribution of a given sweetener, as well as subject expectations of its effects. In the present study, 24 adults of normal weight consumed breakfasts including unsweetened or sweetened (sucrose or aspartame) cereal for 5 days, during which hunger and energy intake were monitored. The cereals were rated as equally sweet and pleasant and were equicaloric. Half of the subjects were aware of the cereal composition. Neither sweet taste nor aspartame alone significantly affected reported hunger, daily energy intake or subsequent selection of foods with varying taste qualities. Energy intake tended to be more strongly influenced by perceptions of the energy value of the experimental breakfast. Thus, this study failed to find an appetite stimulating effect of either sweetness or sweetener (aspartame or sucrose).