cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylated polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine Pesticides as Potential Endocrine Disruptors

Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (hydroxy-PCBs) and various organochlorine pesticides have been identified as environmental contaminants, and three has been some concernregarding their potential adverse effects as endocrine-active agents. Initial studies showed that two synthetic compounds, 2′,4′,6′-trichloro- and 2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrachloro-4-biphenylol (HO-PCB3 and HO-PCB4, respectively), bound to the estrogen receptor (ER) and exhibited estrogenic activity in both in vivo and in vitro assays. Although these compounds alone were weakly estrogenic (>1000 times less potent than 17β-estradiol), there were some reports suggesting that interactions of these compounds and several organochlorine pesticides were synergistic. Subsequent studies in this laboratory have confirmed that HO-PCB3 and HO-PCB4 were weakly estrogenic and equimolar concentartios of these compounds gave additive responses. Similar results were obtained for organochlorine pesticides. Structure-activity relationships for hydroxy-PCBs showed that most compounds were either weakly estrogenic or inactive; moreover, several compounds exhibited antiestrogenic activity. Based on their weak estrogenic potencies and low environmental levels, it is unlikely that hydroxy-PCB and organochlorine pesticides contribute significantly to overall xenoestrogen action.
High Throughput and Fair Scheduling for Multi-AP Multiuser MIMO in Dense Wireless Networks

This paper considers the fair scheduling problem for dense wireless networks with access point cooperation and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) links. The problem is to maximize the aggregate throughput subject to a fairness constraint that is general enough to capture many different fairness objectives. We formally specify a non-convex optimization problem that captures all aspects of the problem setting, and we propose two algorithms to approximate its solution. The first algorithm jointly optimizes the selection of user sets, MIMO precoders, and assignment of user sets to time slots. The second algorithm separately optimizes first user sets and MIMO precoders and second assignment of user sets to time slots. The first algorithm guarantees perfect fairness and produces a local optimum or a saddle point for aggregate throughput at a fairly high computational cost. The second algorithm also guarantees perfect fairness and produces optimal aggregate throughput for a given set of (possibly non-optimal) user sets while having lower computational complexity. The second algorithm also has a parameter that allows throughput and fairness to be traded off for situations where maximizing throughput is critical and approximate fairness is acceptable. Analyses are complemented by simulation results, which show that: 1) the first algorithm produces significantly higher aggregate throughput than known approaches with a running time that is practical for scenarios with up to 50 users and 2) the second algorithm produces aggregate throughput that is very close to existing heuristics while having significantly lower running time.
Medical and Biotechnological Applications of Marine Macroalgal Polysaccharides

A considerable number of prescription drugs contain land-plant-derived ingredients. Although marine plants are not as evolutionarily advanced as land plants, when one considers the fact that over 3600 different varieties of marine macroalgae or seaweeds exist, it is not surprising that among these are some having pronounced pharmacological activities or other properties useful in the biomedical arena. What is surprising is that some of this pharmacological activity is attributed to the polysaccharides they contain, particularly those that are sulfated. Although the results of many studies ascribing different physiological properties to these sulfated polysaccharides can be found in the literature, few, if any, have ever reached commercial importance. Currently, their most important use is in biomedical research, where their inflammatory, immune-stimulating and -suppressing, thrombosis-causing, and other properties are used to induce a particular response in model systems for studying and/or screening materials for potential therapeutic value. Over the past 35 years, a number of papers, patents, and review articles have addressed these pharmacological properties in considerable detail. It is not the intent of this chapter to add another comprehensive review to the literature. Instead, in the first portion of this chapter, a description of the more important physiological properties will be addressed and a few leading references given.
Noncooperative Social Welfare Optimization With Resiliency Against Network Anomaly

This article presents a noncooperative game-theoretic framework to model the social welfare optimization (SWO) problem with load aggregators participating in integrated economic dispatch and demand response. In the proposed framework, distribution system operators interact with generation units and load aggregators to maximize the overall social welfare. The proposed SWO problem addresses practical system constraints and falls into the scope of mixed integer nonlinear programs, which cannot be well handled by existing distributed algorithms. The proposed SWO problem is formulated by a special noncooperative strategic game, known as the potential game, and solved by a revised version of the spatial adaptive play under network anomaly. It is shown that the proposed framework has guaranteed convergence to a Nash equilibrium that is also a global optimizer. Simulations on a 15-generator benchmark distribution network have been conducted to validate the proposed framework.
A 3 adenosine receptor activation mechanisms: molecular dynamics analysis of inactive, active, and fully active states

We investigated the Gi-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) activation mechanism by running 7.2 µs of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on homology to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures, three constitutively active mutant (CAM) and the wild-type (WT) A3ARs in the apo form were modeled. Conformational signatures associated with three different receptor states (inactive R, active R*, and bound to Gi protein mimic) were predicted by analyzing and comparing the CAMs with WT receptor and by considering site-directed mutagenesis data. Detected signatures that were correlated with receptor state included: Persistent salt-bridges involving key charged residues for activation (including a novel, putative ionic lock), rotameric state of conserved W6.48, and Na+ ions and water molecules present. Active-coupled state signatures similar to the X-ray structures of β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein and A2AAR-mini-Gs and the recently solved cryo-EM A1AR–Gi complexes were found. Our MD analysis suggests that constitutive activation might arise from the D1073.49–R1083.50 ionic lock destabilization in R and the D1073.49–R1113.53 ionic lock stabilization in R* that presumably lowers the energy barrier associated with an R to R* transition. This study provides new opportunities to understand the underlying interactions of different receptor states of other Gi protein-coupled GPCRs.
Traumatic Adrenal Hemorrhage Masking as a Pseudotumor.

Several case reports have been filed regarding the latent presentation of hemorrhagic pheochromocytomas in the trauma setting; however, few patients have been found to exhibit these symptoms in the absence of a tumor. In this report, we discuss a patient who sustained blunt abdominal trauma leading to the development of an adrenal hemorrhage and his unexpected sequelae of symptoms. Discovery of the source of the patient's symptoms was delayed secondary to multiple comorbidities in the critical care setting and work-up for other sources such as infection and agitation. Hypertensive urgency was confirmed to be of adrenal etiology with measurement of persistently elevated plasma and urine metanephrines during the hospital course. The patients hypertensive urgency was successfully managed with the use of antisympathomimetics including an esmolol drip, clonidine, and eventually tapered dose of metoprolol. Symptoms improved over time, and repeat CT imaging weeks later showed resolution of the hematoma. Review of literature reveals only one other case of adrenal hemorrhage after blunt force trauma resulting in hemorrhagic psuedotumor. To our knowledge, this is the second such case ever presented. This case is discussed along with the presentation, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of a critically ill patient with an adrenal hemorrhage masked as a pseudotumor.
The characterization of purified citrate-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared via hydrothermal synthesis

Abstract Hypothesis Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal approach with citric acid as a stabilizing agent. Citric acid adsorption onto the nanoceria particle surface can cease particle formation and create a stable dispersion for an extended shelf life. The product was dialyzed immediately following the synthesis to remove unreacted cerium that could contribute to biological effects. Nanoparticle characterization results are expected to help identify the surface citrate bonding structure. Experiments Many characterization techniques were utilized to determine size, morphology, surface properties, and citrate complexation on the nanoceria particle surface. These included transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, zeta potential, and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Findings Primary particles were hexagonal, determined to be 4.2 nm in diameter. The hydrodynamic diameter of the dialyzed product was 10.8 nm. Each agglomerate was estimated to contain an average of 5.7 particles. The citrate coating contained 2.8 citrate molecules/nm2, corresponding to an approximate citrate monolayer. Citrate complexation with the nanoceria surface includes the central carboxyl geminal to the hydroxyl and perhaps one of its terminal carboxyl groups.
Risk of stratified preterm births by maternal nativity: Evidence against an Immigrant Paradox

Background: Racial/ethnic minority women are known to have higher rates of preterm birth. Foreign-born immigrant women have lower rates of preterm births than US-born women despite more barriers to health care. Risk of stratified preterm birth, however, is not well-described; it is unknown how women’s race, ethnicity and nativity together affect risk of delivering extremely, moderately, or late preterm infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women delivering a live birth in Pennsylvania from 2011-2014 using vital statistics linked to maternal records. Excluded from this study were infants with a gestational age 44 weeks, birth weight …
University of Maine Integrated Forest Product Refinery (IFPR) Technology Research

This project supported research on science and technology that forms a basis for integrated forest product refinery for co-production of chemicals, fuels and materials using existing forest products industry infrastructure. Clear systems view of an Integrated Forest Product Refinery (IFPR) allowed development of a compelling business case for a small scale technology demonstration in Old Town ME for co-production of biofuels using cellulosic sugars along with pulp for the new owners of the facility resulting in an active project on Integrated Bio-Refinery (IBR) at the Old Town Fuel & Fiber. Work on production of advanced materials from woody biomass has led to active projects in bioplastics and carbon nanofibers. A lease for 40,000 sq. ft. high-bay space has been obtained to establish a Technology Research Center for IFPR technology validation on industrially relevant scale. UMaine forest bioproducts research initiative that began in April 2006 has led to establishment of a formal research institute beginning in March 2010.
Analysis of the Potential Efficacy and Timing of COVID-19 Vaccine on Morbidity and Mortality

Background: A first generation COVID-19 vaccine is expected to be approved and made available by the end of 2020. While questions of vaccine allocation strategies have received significant attention among scientific and professional healthcare communities, important questions remain regarding the potential impact of the vaccine given uncertainties regarding efficacy against transmission, availability, timing, and durability. Methods: We adapted a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to examine the potential impact on hospitalization and mortality assuming increasing rates of vaccine efficacy. Specifically, though vaccine efficacy is typically evaluated as reduction in disease, we also evaluated efficacy against infectiousness given the uncertainty of the vaccine to prevent infectiousness as well as potential effects of waning immunity. Furthermore, we evaluated these potential vaccine properties in three US states at different stages of the epidemic to assess the impact on outcomes from distribution timing. Findings: Increased vaccine efficacy against disease reduces hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19; however, the relative benefit of transmission blocking varied depending on the timing of vaccine distribution. Early in an outbreak, a vaccine that reduces transmission will be relatively more effective than one introduced later in the outbreak. Results from analysis of selected US states further suggest that earlier implementation of a less effective vaccine is more impactful than later implementation of a more effective vaccine. These findings are magnified when considering the durability of the vaccine. Vaccination in the spring will be less impactful when immunity is less durable. Interpretation: Policy choices regarding non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing and face mask use, will need to remain in place longer if the vaccine is less effective at reducing transmission. In addition, the stage of the local outbreak greatly impacts the overall effectiveness of the vaccine in a region and should be considered when allocating vaccines. Funding: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MInD-Healthcare Program (U01CK000589, 1U01CK000536), James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science Initiative Collaborative Award in Understanding Dynamic and Multiscale Systems, National Science Foundation (CNS-2027908), National Science Foundation Expeditions (CCF1917819), C3.ai Digital Transformation Institute (AWD1006615), and Google, LLC. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Machine Learning to optimize Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

In this paper, we offer a possible approach to estimating motor parameters: Machine Learning. We begin with a simulation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) model using MATLAB and Simulink. We measure the voltage and current and then send the data to a machine learning model (TensorFlow). From there, we discuss the accuracy of the estimations and future stages of the project. We also use machine learning method to estimate position and speed.
The Periodic Paralysis

Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypo PP) is a disorder characterized by proxysmal attacks of flaccid weakness involving the extremities and trunk. Such episodes are usually associated with a decrease in the patient’s serum potassium concentration. While the majority of cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, approximately five percent are sporadic.
SU-D-BRD-06: Creating a Safety Net for a Fully Automated, Script Driven Electronic Medical Record

Purpose: Demonstrate the effectiveness of in-house software in ensuring EMR workflow efficiency and safety. Methods: A web-based dashboard system (WBDS) was developed to monitor clinical workflow in real time using web technology (WAMP) through ODBC (Open Database Connectivity). Within Mosaiq (Elekta Inc), operational workflow is driven and indicated by Quality Check Lists (QCLs), which is triggered by automation software IQ Scripts (Elekta Inc); QCLs rely on user completion to propagate. The WBDS retrieves data directly from the Mosaig SQL database and tracks clinical events in real time. For example, the necessity of a physics initial chart check can be determined by screening all patients on treatment who have received their first fraction and who have not yet had their first chart check. Monitoring similar “real” events with our in-house software creates a safety net as its propagation does not rely on individual users input. Results: The WBDS monitors the following: patient care workflow (initial consult to end of treatment), daily treatment consistency (scheduling, technique, charges), physics chart checks (initial, EOT, weekly), new starts, missing treatments (>3 warning/>5 fractions, action required), and machine overrides. The WBDS can be launched from any web browser which allows the end user complete transparency and timely information. Since the creation of the dashboards, workflow interruptions due to accidental deletion or completion of QCLs were eliminated. Additionally, all physics chart checks were completed timely. Prompt notifications of treatment record inconsistency and machine overrides have decreased the amount of time between occurrence and execution of corrective action. Conclusion: Our clinical workflow relies primarily on QCLs and IQ Scripts; however, this functionality is not the panacea of safety and efficiency. The WBDS creates a more thorough system of checks to provide a safer and near error-less working environment.
Ribonucleases and bacterial virulence

Bacterial stress responses provide them the opportunity to survive hostile environments, proliferate and potentially cause diseases in humans and animals. The way in which pathogenic bacteria interact with host immune cells triggers a complicated series of events that include rapid genetic re‐programming in response to the various host conditions encountered. Viewed in this light, the bacterial host‐cell induced stress response (HCISR) is similar to any other well‐characterized environmental stress to which bacteria must respond by upregulating a group of specific stress‐responsive genes. Post stress, bacteria must resume their pre‐stress genetic program, and, as a consequence, must degrade unnecessary stress responsive transcripts through RNA decay mechanisms. Further, there is a well‐established role for several ribonucleases in the cold shock response whereby they modulate the changing transcript landscape in response to the stress, and during acclimation and subsequent genetic re‐programming post stress. Recently, ribonucleases have been implicated as virulence‐associated factors in several notable Gram‐negative pathogens including, the yersiniae, the salmonellae, Helicobacter pylori, Shigella flexneri and Aeromonas hydrophila. This review will focus on the roles played by ribonucleases in bacterial virulence, other bacterial stress responses, and on their novel therapeutic applications.
Up-regulation of interferon-a/APOBEC3G signal pathway potently inactivates HIV-1 infectivity in resting CD4-T cells

Results We have demonstrated that, through a regular IFN-a signal transduction pathway, IFN-a can significantly enhance the expression of APOBEC3G in human primary resting but not activated CD4 T-cells, and the amounts of APOBEC3G associated with a low molecular mass (LMM). Interestingly, short-time treatments of newlyinfected resting CD4 T-cells with IFN-a will significantly inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at its early stage. This inhibition can be counteracted by APOBEC3G-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA), indicating that IFN-a-induced APOBEC3G plays a key role to mediate this anti-HIV-1 process.
Psycho-logics. 3. The structure of empathy.

A new general theory of the structure of human psycho-dynamics has been proposed ( Hilgartner, 1965 , Hilgartner, 1968 ), and has been translated into the form of an axiomatic system stated in a set-theory notation ( Hilgartner and Randolph, 1969a , Hilgartner and Randolph, 1969b ). This paper constitutes the third instalment of our presentation of this theory. (3) The structure of empathy The ‘awareness’ (Awi) and ‘consciousness’ (Csi) which we examined were derived from contact with inanimate environmental objects. By applying our constructs to the topic of contact between human organismis, we show the structure of the directive correlations which serve as the foundations of human social relations. We then use this extended notation to analyze a fabricated “encounter” in which two strangers meet in an otherwise deserted hallway, and exchange a glance and a warm smile, but no words. This “encounter” is shown as being important to the two participants, and in the notation, it is shown just how and why it proves important.
Preparing for the future: An examination of healthcare provider and patient communication regarding childhood cancer survivorship.

Background This qualitative, exploratory study examines the content of communication between healthcare providers (HCP) and childhood cancer patients (CCP) during a medical appointment to evaluate the extent to which cancer survivorship issues (medical and psychosocial) are discussed. Methods The content of the communication for 16 CCP ages 10–22 and their HCP were examined via audio recorded medical appointments occurring within 6 months of the end of active cancer treatment. The data were analysed using template analysis, a constructivist-interpretivist qualitative approach. Results HCP addressed more medically focused than psychosocially focused issues related to survivorship. Conclusions Most discussions of survivorship are medically focused, potentially leaving patients with little information about future psychosocial functioning. Recommendations for future research on enhancing discussions about psychosocial issues are presented. This research has the potential to inform future interventions to enhance patient–provider communication on survivorship issues.
Calibration of Laser Fluorescence Measurements of Lubricant Film Thickness in Engines

A laser fluorescent diagnostic method was employed to measure lubricant film thickness on the cylinder wall/piston interface of two engines
Public access to private land - Allemansrätt in Sweden.

Abstract Access to private land by the public for non-destructive recreation exists in Sweden through Allemansratt (Everyman's Right or The Right of Common Access). It grew out of customary practices dating back to the Middle Ages. This is an unwritten law whose limits are set by other written laws. The population demographics of Sweden today are much different than when Allemansratt was first recognized, but because of a land ethic and available land-use management techniques the concept is still workable. The trend for the future is uncertain, but the hope is that Allemansratt in its present form will remain viable. Allemansratt is an example of land “ownership” of a different kind. The respect and sensitivity for the land which allows Allemansratt to work in Sweden is not evidenced to the same degree in many other countries including the United States. Though the techniques available for use to provide recreation opportunities are not dissimilar, basic land ethics do vary between Sweden and other countries and with these differences come dissimilar results. Allemansratt may be an uncommon contemporary example of a desirable philosophical attitude.
On the structure and width of shear bands

A g r e a t d e a l o f e f f o r t h a s b e e n d e v o t e d r e c e n t l y t o t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e p r o b l e m o f s h e a r b a n d i n g w i t h i n b o t h t h e m e c h a n i c s a n d m e t a l l u r g y c o m m u n i t i e s ( s e e , f o r e x a m p l e , [ 1 ] ) . W h i l e many m a t h e m a t i c a l a n d p h y s i c a l a s p e c t s h a v e b e e n e l u c i d a t e d w i t h i n s u c h e f f o r t s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c a p t u r i n g o f m i c r o s t r u c t u r e a n d t h e d e r i v a t i o n o f c r i t i c a l c o n d i t i o n s , n o t much a t t e n t i o n h a s b e e n p u t t o t h e t h e o r e t i c a l a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e w i d t h o f s h e a r b a n d s . T h i s c o u l d h a v e b e e n d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e c l a s s i c a l w o r k s on t h e s u b j e c t ( e . g . Thomas [ 2 ] , H i l l [3] a n d M a n d e l [ 4 ] ) h a v e a s s o c i a t e d t h e emergence of shear bands or localization conditions with a bifurcation criterion where the governing equations, which did not include any internal length scale, change type (loss of ellipticity). However, the problem of determination of shear band thickness is important from both the fundamental and practical points of view, as this relates to crack initiation and growth.
Associations of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ types with anti-GBM nephritis by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization.

Associations of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ types with anti-GBM nephritis by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. Twenty-three patients from the United States with anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis (Goodpasture's syndrome) were HLA class I and class II typed by serology and HLA-DR and HLA-DQB typed using sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes. Protocols used were those of the 11th International HLA Workshop. We were able to confirm the strong association of DR2 with the disease and, using the molecular techniques, showed that all DR2 patients were restricted to DRB1-1501 and DQB1-0602 alleles. We also found highly significant associations between disease and the alleles of DRB1-0301 and DQB1-0201. DR4 alleles as a group were not significantly more frequent among patients, but the allele DRB1-0404 did appear to be associated with the disease. The use of SSO typing provides an expanded opportunity for refined analysis of HLA and disease associated alleles.
Structural Family Therapy for Children of Divorce: Case Reports

Structural family therapy techniques for treating families with a parental divorce in which a child is symptomatic are described. The family configurations considered are: mother, child, and maternal grandparents; overprotective mother and child; helpless and mildly neglectful mother; father; new family formation; and couples who divorce and marry new spouses.
Usefulness of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (ardeparin) for reduction of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Abstract In addition to its anticoagulant effects, heparin is known to have antiproliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Ardeparin is a partially depolymerized (low molecular weight) heparin that has a longer half-life than unfractionated heparin. Following successful coronary balloon angioplasty, 565 patients were randomized to treatment with twice-daily subcutaneous ardeparin 50 anti-Xa U/kg (low dose) or 100 anti Xa U/kg body weight (high dose), or placebo for 3 months. Follow-up angiography was performed in 415 patients at 4 months, or earlier if clinically indicated. Additionally, patients underwent treadmill exercise electrocardiography at 2 weeks and 4 months. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 3 months of subcutaneous dosing of ardeparin would reduce angiographic restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty. Ardeparin had no effect on the incidence of angiographic restenosis (prespecified definition: ≥50% luminal diameter narrowing plus a loss of 50% of initial gain or absolute decrease of 20% of luminal diameter). Neither the mean luminal diameters nor mean percent diameter stenoses were different among the treatment groups before, after, or 4 months after balloon angioplasty. On exercise electrocardiography at 2 weeks and 4 months, patients in all treatment groups had similar exercise tolerance, incidence of angina, and frequency of ST depression. Thus, ardeparin treatment given subcutaneously for 3 months after successful balloon angioplasty does not reduce either angiographic or clinical measures of restenosis.
The effect of local serials systems on subscription agents: Back to the basics

Abstract As local systems develop, auxiliary services offered by agents may fall by the wayside. Management reports will be better handled in-house. As local systems become more prevalent, users groups will emerge and the subscription agent as a consultant may be less frequently requested. The agent's basic services of ordering, claiming, and renewing serials will still be attractive to medium-sized and large libraries. Fewer titles, however, might be ordered through agents. Online access to agents' databases, or a gateway to publisher databases, will be a service of great interest to libraries.
Enhancement of emission in the mixture of rhodamine 6G dye and Ag aggregate

We demonstrate that absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of the rhodamine 6G laser dye can be enhanced in the presence of aggregated silver nanoparticles.
National study of factors influencing assisted reproductive technology outcomes with male factor infertility

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles for male factor infertility, and method of sperm collection. Design Historic cohort study. Setting Clinic-based data. Patients Cycles from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System database for 2004 to 2008 were limited to three groups: non-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and ICSI cycles for tubal ligation only; non-ICSI and ICSI cycles for male factor infertility only; and all cycles (regardless of infertility diagnosis) using ICSI only. Intervention(s) and Main Outcome Measure(s) Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of clinical intrauterine gestation (CIG) and live birth (LB) rates for tubal ligation versus male factor infertility only; ICSI versus non-ICSI for male factor infertility only; and ICSI outcomes based on method of sperm collection. Result(s) Models for male factor infertility only versus tubal ligation only ICSI cycles had lower CIG (AOR 0.92) but not LB (AOR 0.87). No difference was seen for non-ICSI cycles. Within male factor infertility only cycles, ICSI had a worse outcome than non-ICSI for CIG (AOR 0.93) but not for LB (AOR 0.94). For all ICSI cycles with no male factor infertility and ejaculated sperm as the reference group, models showed better rates of CIG with male factor infertility ejaculated sperm (AOR 1.07) and with male factor infertility aspirated sperm (AOR 1.09). The LB rate was higher with male factor infertility ejaculated sperm only (AOR 1.04). Conclusion(s) The ICSI and sperm source influence CIG and LB rates in male factor infertility cases.
Multi-scale cohesive laws in hierarchical materials

Abstract Motivated by the observations that natural materials such as bone, shell, tendon and the attachment system of gecko exhibit multi-scale hierarchical structures, this paper aims to develop a better understanding of the effects of structural hierarchy on flaw insensibility of materials from the viewpoint of multi-scale cohesive laws. We consider two idealized, self-similar models of hierarchical materials, one mimicking gecko’s attachment system and the other mimicking the mineral–protein composite structure of bone, to demonstrate that structural hierarchy leads to multi-scale cohesive laws which can be designed from bottom up to enable flaw tolerance from nanoscale to macroscopic length scales.
Does Pay-for-Performance Improve the Quality of Health Care?

This paper reviewed empirical studies that assessed the relationship between explicit financial incentives and the provision of high-quality health care. Thirteen of 17 studies examined the effect ...
Reflections of an ISSCR president, 2010-2011.

As I reach the end of my presidency of the ISSCR, I've come to realize that what makes this society special is its cohesiveness, openness, and sense of community. The leadership of the ISSCR is dynamic, ever-changing with each coming year. Past leaders work together with present and future leaders to form a continuum of momentum that fuels existing initiatives and launches new ones. The ISSCR's staff, headed by Executive Director Nancy Witty, has been tireless in their devotion to meeting the objectives of the society.
Applications of embedded controllers in speed and position controls

This tutorial paper presents the experimental results of solving speed and position control problems by using embedded controllers. The embedded controllers used proportional, integral, and derivative controls. A feature of these controllers is that the sample time is not explicitly included in the integral and derivative control equations. This feature was experimentally tested. In the testing of the integral control with such feature, the controller was applied to a speed regulation problem under the condition of rapidly changing load. In the testing of the derivative control with the same feature, the controller was applied to a ringing removal problem. The results were that these controllers performed as expected. Other experiments of position controls and their results were also presented. All the embedded controllers were implemented in a member of Freescale Semiconductor's MC68HC12 microcontroller family
Processing and properties of titanium–titanium boride (TiBw) matrix composites—a review

Although titanium (Ti) alloys possess desirable properties such as specific strength, corrosion resistance and low density, their low specific stiffness and wear resistance have restricted their widespread application. Recently, composite strategies have provided means for overcoming these limitations. Titanium boride (TiBw) in-situ whisker reinforcements are currently recognized as one of the most compatible and effective reinforcements for Ti. This paper provides an overview of recent activities in this evolving area of Ti–TiB composites, covering processing, properties and potential applications.
Acute gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and dermatological toxicity during dose-escalated 3D-conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) using an intrarectal balloon for prostate gland localization and immobilization

Purpose: We determined the acute gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), and dermatologic (D) toxicity during dose-escalated three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). A modified intrarectal balloon (Medrad) was used for prostate gland localization and immobilization. Methods: Forty-six men with clinical category T1c to T3a, and at least one high-risk feature (PSA >10, Gleason ≥7, or MRI evidence of extracapsular extension or seminal vesical invasion) comprised the study cohort. Treatment consisted of hormonal therapy and 4-field 3DCRT using an intrarectal balloon for the initial 15 of 40 treatments. Planning treatment volume dose was 72 Gy (95% normalization). A Mantel–Haenzel Chi-square test compared the distribution of GU, GI, and D symptoms at baseline and at end of treatment (EOT). Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 time points in the proportion of patients with bowel symptoms ( p = 0.73), tenesmus ( p = 0.27), nocturia ( p = 1.00), or GU urgency ( p = 0.40). However, there was a significant decrease in GU frequency (70% vs. 50%, p = 0.46) as a result of medical interventions and a significant increase in hemorrhoidal irritation (4% vs. 20%, p = 0.02) and anal cutaneous skin reaction (0% vs. 70%, p p = 0.52), requiring intervention for hemorrhoidal symptoms (7% vs. 5%, p = 0.8), or experiencing persistent anal cutaneous skin reaction (0% vs. 3%, p = 0.31). Conclusion: Dose-escalated 3DCRT using an intrarectal balloon for prostate localization and immobilization was well tolerated. Acute GU, GI, and D symptoms resolved with standard dietary or medical interventions by the EOT or shortly thereafter.
Natural killer cells in in utero diethylstilbesterol-exposed patients

The observations that limited neonatal diethylstilbesterol (DES) exposure in mice produces persistent natural killing defects and that natural killer (NK) cells have an origin early in gestation suggested the possibility that NK abnormalities may exist in in utero DES-exposed women. However, when compared to controls, these women showed slightly higher NK activity with no evidence of stimulation by accessory mononuclear cells. Altered natural killing cannot be invoked in this population as a contributing factor to increased cancer risk.
The global population of mesoscale convective complexes

A global set of 714 mesoscale convective complexes is compiled and some of the common properties of the convective systems are identified and examined from a global perspective. the data set includes date of occurrence, time of first storms, initiation, maximum extent, termination, duration, cold-cloud shield areas, and tracks from initiation to termination. It is found that the typical convective complex is nocturnal, generates a cold-cloud shield area of approximately 350 000 km2, and persists for about 10 h. the largest systems and most persistent systems tend to occur near the summer solstices. For the globe, about 400 systems occur each year, primarily over land areas. Most systems develop in favoured zones, although some activity occurs over every continent (except Antarctica) and all major oceans. the concentration of activity into favoured zones indicates that there must be special dynamic and/or thermodynamic conditions necessary for convection to organize into convective complexes. Activity is strongly tied to the solar day, and shifts from 35°S in early January to about 50°N during the boreal summer and back to 35°S by December. Within the northern hemisphere there is a pronounced poleward migration as the jet stream shifts northward. Relatively little migration occurs in the ocean-dominated southern hemisphere where the subtropical jet remains quasi-stationary over the convective-complex regions. The nocturnal life cycles, copious rainfall, large cloud shields, and great frequency of mesoscale convective complexes suggest that they may be significant contributors to the global hydrologic cycle and earth-system energy budget.
Density Functional Theory Calculations of the Effects of Local Composition and Defect Structure on the Proton Affinity of H−ZSM-5

Density functional theory has been used to determine the effects of local composition and structure on the proton affinity (PA) of H−ZSM-5. These calculations were performed with clusters ranging in size from 34 to 41 atoms. For isolated Al sites, the associated PA is 329 kcal/mol. Introduction of a defect in the form of a silanol group immediately adjacent to such a Bronsted acid site reduces the PA to 316 kcal/mol. For an isolated structure containing two Al atoms in next-nearest-neighbor T sites, the value of PA lies between 330 and 298 kcal/mol, depending on the location of the two charge-compensating cations, and is not affected by the presence of a silanol group on the Si atom situated between the two Al atoms. However, the presence of a trigonally coordinated Si atom immediately adjacent to the Bronsted acid site reduces the PA dramatically to 281 kcal/mol, but the presence of trigonally coordinated Al in the vicinity of a Bronsted acid site has no effect on the value of PA. However, the presence o...
Preschool teachers' estimates of children's abilities and sources of bias

Preschool teachers and staff completed questionnaires for 58 preschool children. Ratings for overall ability, verbal and quantitative skills, perceptual performance skills as well as likability and sociability were obtained. The pooled ratings were correlated with McCarthy Scale scores for the children. Very strong (r>.63) correlations were found between teachers' estimates and the children's McCarthy scores. No significant correlations were found between likability or sociability estimates and the child's McCarthy scores. A mild correlation (r=.29) was found between teachers' estimates of sociability and their overall estimate of ability, while no significant correlation was found between likability estimates and overall ability estimates. In general, it appears that preschool teachers can provide reasonable estimates of children's cognitive skills without undue bias from non-academic sources.
Latino Youth in the Juvenile Drug Court of Orange County, California

This study examines the factors associated with successful completion of the Orange County Juvenile Drug Court (OCJDC) for 232 (164 male and 68 female) adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years. No significant associations were found between graduation status and participants’ age, most serious prior offense, entry offense, primary drug of choice, or secondary drug of choice. While bivariate analyses revealed that Latino ethnicity (especially for females whose parents’ primary language was Spanish) and a lack of family involvement in the drug court programs were both negatively associated with successful program completion, these variables were not significantly associated with the likelihood of graduation in logistic regression models predictive of successful program completion. Rather, a shorter history of substance abuse, a history of prior juvenile offenses, and the presence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders all predicted poor completion rates from the OCJDC program, regardless of gender, et...
Effects of untreated ‘open bite’ malocclusion on the articulation of children

Abstract Two matched groups of children, one group with anterior ‘open bite’ malocclusions and another with ‘normal’ occlusions, were found to be significantly different in articulatory ability. In no case among the ten matched pairs did a child with the specified malocclusion equal or surpass his peer in articulation score. It was concluded that adjustments of the articulators that would tend to compensate for ‘open bite’ malocclusion, which have often been observed among adult speakers, had not occured among the 10- to 15-year-old children who were studied.
Photomonomerization of pyrimidine dimers by indoles and proteins.

Abstract Model systems for the study of photoreactivation have been developed that utilize a variety of indole derivatives. These systems can split uracil cis-syn cyclobutadipyrimidine, either free or in RNA, when irradiated at wave-lengths absorbed only by the indole moiety. The ability of indole compounds to split dimers is closely related to their electronic properties. Those of high electron-donor capacity such as indole, 3-methylindole, indole-3-acetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan and tryptophan are good photosensitizers, with efficacy in that order. Indoles with electron-withdrawing substituents such as indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-aldehyde and oxindole are inactive in the monomerization reaction. These findings support the proposed mechanism that the photosensitized monomerization occurs as a result of electron transfer from the excited indole molecules to the pyrimidine bases. Proteins containing fully exposed tryptophan residues (chicken egg white lysozyme and bovine diisopropylphosphoryltrypsin) also cause the splitting of the 14C-labeled dimers under the same conditions. In the case of lysozyme the quantum yield of monomerization is similar to that of free tryptophan. Much of the monomerization ability of lysozyme was lost after the solvent-available tryptophan had been oxidized by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide. Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A, a protein devoid of tryptophan, failed to exhibit photosensitized monomerization of uracil dimers. The biological implication of these reactions involving a protein with an exposed tryptophan residue is discussed. Although indoles are able to split the dimers in RNA, they fail to photo-reactivate u.v.-damaged TMV-RNA. Indole-3-acetic acid, 3-methylindole and 5-hydroxytryptophan rapidly inactivate viral RNA when irradiated at 313 nm, possibly because of side reactions.
On the Importance of Nonlinear Aeroelasticity and Energy Efficiency in Design of Flying Wing Aircraft

Energy efficiency plays important role in aeroelastic design of flying wing aircraft and may be attained by use of lightweight structures as well as solar energy. NATASHA (Nonlinear Aeroelastic Trim And Stability of HALE Aircraft) is a newly developed computer program which uses a nonlinear composite beam theory that eliminates the difficulties in aeroelastic simulations of flexible high-aspect-ratio wings which undergoes large deformation, as well as the singularities due to finite rotations. NATASHA has shown that proper engine placement could significantly increase the aeroelastic flight envelope which typically leads to more flexible and lighter aircraft. The areas of minimum kinetic energy for the lower frequency modes are in accordance with the zones with maximum flutter speed and have the potential to save computational effort. Another aspect of energy efficiency for High Altitude, Long Endurance (HALE) drones stems from needing to minimize energy consumption because of limitations on the source of energy, that is, solar power. NATASHA is capable of simulating the aeroelastic passive morphing maneuver (i.e., morphing without relying on actuators) and at as near zero energy cost as possible of the aircraft so as the solar panels installed on the wing are in maximum exposure to sun during different time of the day.
Avitaminosis. XVII. Influence of High Fat-Containing Diets on Vitamin B1 Requirements.

In a previous investigation1 it was demonstrated that as much as 30% of fat in the diet has no sparing action on vitamin B requirements for lactation of the rat. In this study the problem has been extended to the non-lactating rat.The following series of experiments were planned with the objective of increasing the protein as well as the fat content of the ration, at the same time keeping constant a high vitamin G content by the introduction of 15% of dehydrated autoclaved beef. The beef, purchased as round steak, was freed from all visible fat and bones and after autoclaving and drying at 100°C., contained 83% crude protein. The composition of the rations is given in Table I. It will be noted that the protein content varied from 19.98% to 33.37%, and the fat content ranged from 0 to 50%. That all the rations had a high vitamin G content became apparent after excellent growth was secured by the daily supplementation of a vitamin B concentrate, which was a Fuller's earth adsorbate kindly furnished by Dr. J...
On thin film delamination growth in a contracting cylinder

Abstract The problem of a thin layer delaminating from a contracting cylindrical substrate is considered. An analytical solution is obtained along with associated conditions for growth of the delamination, and specific numerical results corresponding to layers at both the interior and exterior surfaces of the substrate are presented.
Facile preparation of leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 containing carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 for quantification of cysteinyl leukotrienes by mass spectrometry

With the recent ability to use combined liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to analyze for several eicosanoids in biological samples in a single and rapid experiment, heavy isotope-labeled eicosanoids are needed as internal standards in order to quantify eicosanoid analytes. The present study describes a practical preparation of cysteinyl leukotrienes (leukotriene C4, D4 and E4) with three 13C atoms and one 15N atom in the cysteinyl residue. The method involves solid-phase peptide synthesis to make glutathione with heavy isotopes in the cysteinyl residue and reaction of this tripeptide with commercially available leukotriene A4 methyl ester to give labeled leukotriene C4 methyl ester, which is hydrolyzed to labeled leukotriene C4. Labeled leukotriene E4 is prepared in the same way with the use of labeled cysteine. Labeled leukotriene D4 is prepared by treatment of labeled leukotriene C4 with commercially available γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.