cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Ecosystem Integrity Through Energy Flow in Wetlands of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks

Ecosystems that possess physical, chemical and biological elements interacting in ways necessary for sustainability are said to have integrity. While conceptually appealing, measuring the condition of ecosystems has proven difficult. Ecosystems are thought to respond to stressors (e.g. detrimental or disorganizing influences) through changes in functional attributes such as energy flow and nutrient cycling and through changes in community structure as well as general system-level changes (Margalef 1981; Odum 1985; Kay and Schneider 1993). Attempts to assess ecosystem condition have rarely considered energy flow and focused instead on either community structure or nutrient cycling (Karr 1993). Although energy flow has not been widely used as a tool in assessing and monitoring ecosystems, its importance to ecosystem integrity is recognized (Ricklefs 1979). All systems require energy and altering the nature (quantity, flow, flux) of that energy supply alters the quality of the ecosystem. In spite of this knowledge few, if any, agency programs devote attention to balancing energy sources (Karr 1993). Recent research suggests that positive relationships between biodiversity and energy flow within ecosystems may exist (Tillman 1996).
The prorenin receptor and its soluble form contribute to lipid homeostasis.

Hepatic PRR and its soluble form, sPRR, contribute to triglyceride and cholesterol homeostasis and hepatic inflammation. Deletion of hepatic PRR decreased triglyceride levels through a PRR-PPARγ-de...
Acute and Chronic Pain from Facial Skin and Oral Mucosa: Unique Neurobiology and Challenging Treatment

The oral cavity is a portal into the digestive system, which exhibits unique sensory properties. Like facial skin, the oral mucosa needs to be exquisitely sensitive and selective, in order to detect harmful toxins versus edible food. Chemosensation and somatosensation by multiple receptors, including transient receptor potential channels, are well-developed to meet these needs. In contrast to facial skin, however, the oral mucosa rarely exhibits itch responses. Like the gut, the oral cavity performs mechanical and chemical digestion. Therefore, the oral mucosa needs to be insensitive, to some degree, in order to endure noxious irritation. Persistent pain from the oral mucosa is often due to ulcers, involving both tissue injury and infection. Trigeminal nerve injury and trigeminal neuralgia produce intractable pain in the orofacial skin and the oral mucosa, through mechanisms distinct from those seen in the spinal area, which is particularly difficult to predict or treat. The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic chronic pain, such as atypical odontalgia (idiopathic painful trigeminal neuropathy or post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy) and burning mouth syndrome, remain especially challenging. The central integration of gustatory inputs might modulate chronic oral and facial pain. A lack of pain in chronic inflammation inside the oral cavity, such as chronic periodontitis, involves the specialized functioning of oral bacteria. A more detailed understanding of the unique neurobiology of pain from the orofacial skin and the oral mucosa should help us develop novel methods for better treating persistent orofacial pain.
Teaching Tip: Using Google Analytics & Social Media to Enhance Web Performance

The aim of the teaching tip proposed here is to encourage instructors to get information systems (IS) students actively engaged in the use of Google Analytics and Social Media to enhance Web Performance (WP). The goal is to open Facebook and Google Analytics accounts, build a personal webpage, and combine these IS applications to enhance WP. This teaching tip, targeting undergraduates, is an assignment series that should be considered a term project and a supplement to an existing course, such as social media, Web design, business analytics, or e-commerce where it should be interwoven into the existing course. By the end of the semester, students will have a combined experience with webpage design, Facebook, and Google Analytics, as well as a hands-on understanding of how IS enhances WP.
Finite Element Method for Interface Problems

A method for incorporating interface discontinuities in a finite element analysis of discontinuous media is presented. For computational purposes the procedure is implemented into the nonlinear structural analysis program NONSAP. Several example problems concerning the modeling of concrete masonry mortar joints are presented, and demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm.
Particle displacements in inhomogeneous turbulence

Buoys, drifting freely on or beneath the ocean surface, are providing new insights into ocean circulation (Davis, 1991). To the extent that buoys faithfully behave like the fluid which they displace, they belong to the Lagrangian reference frame, rather than the Eulerian. That is, they map fluid properties such as velocity by launch position and time from launch. Moored current meters, on the other hand, map velocity by mooring location and time from installation. Fluid velocity is but one aspect of the ever-changing and intricate circulation of the oceans. It is conventional to conceive of this complexity in terms of random fields, although the approach has yet to be vindicated. That is, the turbulence problem remains unresolved. Nevertheless, in the Lagrangian frame, we seek the probability distribution function (pdf) for the position of a marked fluid particle at any time, given the position and time of launch. This pdf also yields the mean concentration field for a dissolved, nondiffusing substance injected where and when the particle was launched. Higher moments of concentration are also of interest, especially as fluctuations can be as large as means (Yee et al., 1992). However, from the climatological perspective, concentration means are of first concern. They are quite poorly understood, and will be the sole concern here.
TU‐CD‐BRD‐00: Incident Learning / RO‐ILS

It has long been standard practice in radiation oncology to report internally when a patient’s treatment has not gone as planned and to report events to regulatory agencies when legally required. Most potential errors are caught early and never affect the patient. Quality assurance steps routinely prevent errors from reaching the patient, and these “near misses” are much more frequent than treatment errors. A growing number of radiation oncology facilities have implemented incident learning systems to report and analyze both errors and near misses. Using the term “incident learning” instead of “event reporting” emphasizes the need to use these experiences to change the practice and make future errors less likely and promote an educational, non-punitive environment. There are challenges in making such a system practical and effective. Speakers from institutions of different sizes and practice environments will share their experiences on how to make such a system work and what benefits their clinics have accrued. Questions that will be addressed include: • How to create a system that is easy for front line staff to access • How to motivate staff to report • How to promote the system as positive and educational and not punitive or demeaning • How to organize the team for reviewing and responding to reports • How to prioritize which reports to discuss in depth • How not to dismiss the rest • How to identify underlying causes • How to design corrective actions and implement change • How to develop useful statistics and analysis tools • How to coordinate a departmental system with a larger risk management system • How to do this without a dedicated quality manager Some speakers’ experience is with in-house systems and some will share experience with the AAPM/ASTRO national Radiation Oncology Incident Learning System (RO-ILS). Reports intended to be of value nationally need to be comprehensible to outsiders; examples of useful reports will be shown. There will be ample time set aside for audience members to contribute to the discussion. Learning Objectives: 1. Learn how to promote the use of an incident learning system in a clinic. 2. Learn how to convert “event reporting” into “incident learning”. 3. See examples of practice changes that have come out of learning systems. 4. Learn how the RO-ILS system can be used as a primary internal learning system. 5. Learn how to create succinct, meaningful reports useful to outside readers. Gary Ezzell chairs the AAPM committee overseeing RO-ILS and has received an honorarium from ASTRO for working on the committee reviewing RO-ILS reports. Derek Brown is a director of TreatSafely.org . Brett Miller has previously received travel expenses and an honorarium from Varian. Phillip Beron has nothing to report.
A Computational Introduction to Number Theory and Algebra: Basic properties of the integers

This chapter discusses some of the basic properties of the integers, including the notions of divisibility and primality, unique factorization into primes, greatest common divisors, and least common multiples. Divisibility and primality A central concept in number theory is divisibility . Consider the integers ℤ = {…,−2,−1, 0, 1, 2, …}. For a, b ∈ ℤ, we say that a divides b if az = b for some z ∈ ℤ. If a divides b , we write a | b , and we may say that a is a divisor of b , or that b is a multiple of a , or that b is divisible by a . If a does not divide b , then we write. We first state some simple facts about divisibility: Theorem 1.1 . For all a, b, c ∈ ℤ, we have (i) a | a , 1 | a, and a | 0; (ii) 0 | a if and only if a = 0; (iii) a | b if and only if − a | b if and only if a | − b ; (iv) a | b and a | c implies a | ( b + c ); (v) a | b and b | c implies a | c . Proof . These properties can be easily derived from the definition of divisibility, using elementary algebraic properties of the integers. For example, a | a because we can write a · 1 = a ; 1 · a because we can write 1 · a = a; a | 0 because we can write a · 0 = 0.
Experimental anemias in animals resulting from folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies.

Publisher Summary An interest in experimental anemia in animals has been stimulated by their possible relation to pernicious anemia in humans. The chapter discusses experimental anemias in animals resulting from folic acid and vitamin B 12 deficiencies. The rhesus monkey is very susceptible to folic acid deficiency. As its requirement for ascorbic acid resembles that of man, this species is especially useful for studying the role of ascorbic acid in the etiology of macrocytic anemia. The rhesus monkey develops folic acid deficiency on a folic acid-deficient diet without the use of an intestinal antiseptic or folic acid antagonist. A relationship has been observed between folic acid and ascorbic acid in the metabolism of tyrosine. An administration of large amounts of tyrosine to the scorbutic guinea pig produces a marked increase in the excretion of p -hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid but almost none in the normal animal. This increased excretion of p -hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid develops within 48 hours after ascorbic acid is removed from the diet and before symptoms of scurvy appear.
Poly-amido-saccharides (PASs): Characterization of the Secondary Structure and Protein Interactions

Natural polysaccharides are of significant interest in chemistry and biochemical research because of their structural diversity and essential roles in physiological processes. Many proteins are known to interact with natural carbohydrates to illicit a physiological or metabolic response. Challenges of studying these responses stem from obtaining the carbohydrate polymers, especially of high molecular weights. Currently, they must be extracted, which can introduce variation between samples and require extensive purification. We have developed a method using anionic ring-opening polymerization to synthesize high-yields of enantiopure carbohydrate-based polymers: poly-amido-saccharides (PASs). PASs can be synthesized with consistency, defined molecular weights, low polydispersity, and high functionalization. PASs contain the distinct chiral, cyclic main-chain structure and pyranose backbone and are joined by an unnatural α-(1,2)-amide linkage, which affords PASs with unique chemical properties and structures...
Mammalian progesterone receptor shows differential sensitivity to sulfhydryl group modifying agents when bound to agonist and antagonist ligands.

Abstract Modulation of calf uterine progesterone receptor (PR), in relation to its binding to synthetic steroids with known agonist (R5020) and antagonist (RU486) properties, was studied in the presence of iodoacetamide (IA), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), beta-mercaptoethanol (MER), and dithiothreitol (DTT). Pretreatment of uterine cytosol at 4 degrees C with NEM (4-10 mM) reduced the binding of [3H]RU486 to PR by 40%, but [3H] R5020 binding was completely abolished. Whereas IA (2-10 mM) treatment did not affect [3H]RU486 binding, [3H]R5020 binding was totally eliminated. DTT or MER increased the binding of both steroids slightly (15%). [3H]R5020- or [3H]RU486-receptor complexes (Rc) migrated in the 8 S region and were eliminated upon pretreatment with NEM. At 23 degrees C, DTT increased the amount of 4 S [3H]R5020-Rc, but had no effect on the [3H]RU486-Rc. In the control, [3H]RU486 binding to the 8 S PR could be competed with radioinert R5020 or RU486, but R5020 failed to compete in the presence of IA. The heat-treated [3H]R5020- and [3H]RU486-Rc showed reduced binding to DNA-cellulose in the presence of NEM and IA. The results of our study suggest that SH group modifications differentially influence the properties of mammalian PR complexed with either R5020 or RU486. In the presence of IA, the [3H]RU486-Rc remained in the 8 S form when incubated at 23 degrees C, indicating that RU486 binding causes conformational changes in PR which are distinct from those that result upon R5020 binding.
DNA polymorphisms detected in Mycobacterium haemophilum by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Nineteen isolates of Mycobacterium haemophilum were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large restriction fragments generated by digestion of chromosomal DNA with XbaI. Six patterns were observed. Twelve of 16 M. haemophilum isolates (75%) collected in the New York Metropolitan Area from 1990 to 1991 shared the same pattern, including all six isolates submitted from one hospital. Two different patterns were seen among the other four isolates. Individual isolates from Albany, N.Y., Florida, and Texas had unique patterns. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the first method reported with the capability to type strains of M. haemophilum and will hopefully provide insight into the source and transmission of this emerging pathogen.
Alcohol Abuse: Endocrine Concomitants

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on alcohol's effects on reproductive hormones in both women and men. Acute effects of alcohol on the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadaladrenal axis in normal women have been studied following stimulation with opioid antagonists, synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The impact of alcohol ingestion on hormone levels in postmenopausal women and its implications in the pathogenesis of breast cancer are also reviewed. Alcohol's effects in animal studies are also described. The possible implications of alcohol's disruptive effects on pituitary, gonadal, and adrenal hormones in the pathogenesis of fetal dysmorphologies and developmental impairments are considered. Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are associated with many disorders of reproductive function in women. Amenorrhea, anovulation, luteal phase dysfunction, and hyperprolactinemia may occur in alcohol-dependent women and alcohol abusers.
TM scattering by a resistive card extension to a half plane

A characterization of scattering by a metallic half-plane loaded with a resistive strip extension is presented. The aim is to derive simple and efficient solutions not associated with extensive computational demands. Three different solution methodologies are used. The first is a moment method formulation which computes the exact current on a strip extension by utilizing the metallic half plane Green's function. A high-frequency solution is also used which follows the formal procedure outlined by M.I. Herman and J. L. Volakis (1987), which includes up to third-order diffraction (and surface wave) contributions. Finally, an approximate low-frequency solution is developed by introducing a physical basis function for the currents. The latter two solutions are found to be complementary and a combination of them may be used in place of the rigorous numerical solution. >
Demonstration of regenerative any /spl lambda//sub in/ to any /spl lambda//sub out/ wavelength conversion using a 2-stage all-optical wavelength converter consisting of a XGM SOA-WC and InP monolithically-integrated widely-tunable MZI SOA-WC

Demonstration of 2-stage wavelength conversion using semiconductor optical amplifier - cross-gain modulation (SOA-XGM) followed by cross-phase modulation (XPM) in a widely-tunable monolithically-integrated MZI SOA wavelength converter. Performance of the design at 2.5 Gbps is reported exhibiting zero power penalty.
Does Consumer Confidence, As Measured By U. Of Michigan Indices, Affect Demand For Consumer And Investment Goods (Or Just Proxy For Things That Do)?

Declining consumer confidence is cited as a cause of declining consumer demand, independent of changes income, wealth, etc. If so, it may also affect demand for investment goods, as businesses adjust production to reflect changes in consumer confidence and its anticipated effect on demand. This paper examines the University of Michigan’s Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS), and the Index of Consumer Expectations (ICE), a subcomponent of ICS also used in the Index of Leading Economic Indicators Index. Using simple two variable regressions ICS lagged one year explained considerable variance in current consumption (but not vice versa). Both the ICS and ICE lagged one year were found systematically related to consumer demand for nondurable goods, but not durable goods, services, or total consumer demand when an extensive list of other factors affecting demand such as income, wealth, interest rates, credit availability and the exchange rate were controlled for. Neither ICS nor ICE was found related to any component of investment.
Chapter 3 Electronic structure of rare earth metals

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the electronic structure of rare earth metals. The pioneering calculations of the energy band structure of rare earth metals were motivated by the attempt to understand the complicated magnetic structures of these metals as revealed by neutron scattering. These calculations gave the energy levels and wave functions of the conduction electrons. The optical absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy methods have been used to probe the structure of the filled bands and the core states. Recent developments in metallurgical techniques resulted in high quality single crystals of rare earth metals, thereby enabling precise measurements of the Fermi surface by the de Haas–van Alphen method. These experiments have stimulated more refined calculations. The chapter reviews these developments and summarizes the challenges that are faced today.
Together in Good Times and Bad? How Economic Triggers Condition the Effects of Intergroup Threat

Objectives Research has suggested that geosocial exposure to out-groups is associated with heightened threat perceptions on the part of the dominant white majority. However, findings are not consistent. Methods Drawing on realistic group conflict theory and research in political science that privileges the role of the economic context, we test if the effects of geosocial exposure are conditioned on individual expectations about the health of the macroeconomy using a unique data set from the New England states. Results We show that a perceived increase in the presence of immigrants in the community positively correlates with restrictionist immigration policy preferences (in this case support for Arizona's anti-immigration law), but only when people are pessimistic about the future of the state's economy. Conclusion The information provided by the social context becomes relevant for people's policy preference formation only when they experience or expect material loss.
A GABAA Receptor α1 Subunit Tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein Requires a β Subunit for Functional Surface Expression

gamma-Aminobutyric acid, type A (GABAA) receptors, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system, are heteropentameric proteins assembled from distinct subunit classes with multiple subtypes, alpha(1-6), beta(1-4), gamma(1-3), delta(1), and epsilon(1). To examine the process of receptor assembly and targeting, we tagged the carboxyl terminus of the GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit with red-shifted enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Xenopus oocytes were injected with cRNA of this fusion protein, alpha1-EGFP, alone or in combination with cRNA of GABAA receptor beta2, gamma2, or beta2+gamma2 subunits. Within 72 h after injection, EGFP fluorescence was visible in all fusion protein-injected cells. The fluorescence was associated with the plasmalemma only when the beta2 subunit was co-injected with alpha1-EGFP. Texas Red-conjugated immunolabeling of EGFP on nonpermeabilized cells demonstrated that EGFP was localized extracellularly. Hence, the COOH terminus of the alpha1 subunit is extracellular. Two-electrode voltage clamp of alpha1-EGFPbeta2- and alpha1-EGFPbeta2 gamma2-injected oocytes demonstrates that these cells express functional receptors, with EC50 values for GABA and diazepam similar to wild-type receptors. Thus, a COOH-terminal tag of the alpha1 subunit appears to be functionally silent, providing a useful marker for studies of GABAA receptor expression, assembly, transport, targeting, and clustering. Moreover, the beta2 subunit is required for receptor assembly and surface expression.
Window Sensitivity Functions for Line Transect Sampling

and width 2w, then by a selection of viewing window is meant a choice of w, with the intent being to search for optimal viewing windows, with the goal in mind of improving variances of estimators of population density, reducing sampling effort, while maintaining the property of unbiasedness. The notions of increasing window sensitivity (IWS) and decreasing window sensitivity (DWS) are introduced, and a method of deriving confidence intervals is discussed.
TYPES OF GROWTH AND IDENTITIES OF SEMIGROUPS

In this paper we discuss the problem: how large can the intermediate growth of nilpotent and relatively free semigroups be. We construct a sequence {Sn} of finitely-generated semigroups such that the growth of the semigroup Sn+1 (n = 1,2,…) is intermediate and larger than or equal to the growth of exp(m/φn(m)), where φn(m) is the nth iteration of ln m. All semigroups Sn are nilpotent in the sense of Malcev. We also find the sequence of relatively free semigroups with the same types of growth.
Two Position, Two Velocity Synthesis of a Spherical Mechanism With Translating Center

In this paper we present a methodology for determining the link dimensions of a two-actuator device capable of guiding a part through two specified spatial positions. In addition, the device must be capable of producing two specified linear velocities, one at each spatial position. This represents a spatial pick-and-place operation with a fixture holding the part at both ends. The device we seek to dimension is a spherical four-bar mechanism mounted on a prismatic joint. In order to achieve the specified positions and velocities, we assume the following actuation scheme. The spherical four-bar is actuated to start the motion from the first position, then moves in tandem with the prismatic joint. The prismatic joint completes its slide, and then the spherical four-bar aligns the body with the second position. An example of the methodology is shown.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The biological activity of calciferol (vitamin D2).

SummaryAssays of 8 samples of calciferol (vitamin D2) using the U.S.P. biological assay with rats indicated in every case a potency significantly greater than 40 U.S.P. units per μg. Our assays gave an average value of 49.7 ± 2.1 units per μg. This is interpreted to mean that U.S.P. reference cod liver oil No. 2 has less than its generally accepted potency. In view of this finding, a re-evaluation of the relationship between calciferol, the international standard and the U.S.P. standard for vitamin D would seem to be indicated. Serious consideration should be given to adopting a fixed weight of pure crystalline calciferol or vitamin D3 as the legal unit instead of relying on designated weights of reference standards consisting of solutions of impure and possibly unstable mixtures.
Non-LTE Modeling of Nova Cygni 1992

We present a grid of nova models that have an extremely large number of species treated in non-LTE and apply it to the analysis of an extensive time series of ultraviolet spectroscopic data for Nova Cygni 1992. We use ultraviolet colors to derive the time development of the effective temperature of the expanding atmosphere during the fireball phase and the first 10 days of the optically thick wind phase. We find that the nova has a pure, optically thick wind spectrum until about 10 days after the explosion. During this interval, we find that synthetic spectra based on our derived temperature sequence agree very well with the observed spectra. We find that a sequence of hydrogen-deficient models provides an equally good fit, provided the model effective temperature is shifted upward by ~1000 K. We find that high-resolution UV spectra of the optically thick wind phase are fit moderately well by the models. We find that a high-resolution spectrum of the fireball phase is better fit by a model with a steep density gradient, similar to that of a supernova, than by a nova model.
The Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Caveolin Functional/Structural Organization Is Necessary for the Efficient Endocytosis of GLUT4

It is well established that insulin stimulation of glucose uptake requires the translocation of intracellular localized GLUT4 protein to the cell surface membrane. This plasma membrane-redistributed GLUT4 protein was partially co-localized with caveolin as determined by confocal fluorescent microscopy but was fully excluded from lipid rafts based upon Triton X-100 extractability. Cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, filipin, or cholesterol oxidase resulted in an insulin-independent increase in the amount of plasma membrane-localized GLUT4 that was fully reversible by cholesterol replenishment. This basal accumulation of cell surface GLUT4 occurred due to an inhibition of GLUT4 endocytosis. However, this effect was not specific since cholesterol extraction also resulted in a dramatic inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis as assessed by transferrin receptor internalization. To functionally distinguish between caveolin- and clathrin-dependent endocytic processes, we took advantage of a dominant-interfering caveolin 1 mutant (Cav1/S80E) that specifically disrupts caveolae organization. Expression of Cav1/S80E, but not the wild type (Cav1/WT) or Cav1/S80A mutant, inhibited cholera toxin B internalization without any significant effect on transferrin receptor endocytosis. In parallel, Cav1/S80E expression increased the amount of plasma membrane-localized GLUT4 protein in an insulin-independent manner. Although Cav1/S80E also decreased GLUT4 endocytosis, the extent of GLUT4 internalization was only partially reduced (∼40%). In addition, expression of Cav1/WT and Cav1/S80A enhanced GLUT4 endocytosis by ∼20%. Together, these data indicate that the endocytosis of GLUT4 requires clathrin-mediated endocytosis but that the higher order structural organization of plasma membrane caveolin has a significant influence on this process.
Forecasting Abnormal Stock Returns and Trading Volume Using Investor Sentiment: Evidence from Online Search ?

Abstract We examine the ability of online ticker searches (e.g. XOM for Exxon Mobil) to forecast abnormal stock returns and trading volumes. Specifically, we argue that online ticker searches serve as a valid proxy for investor sentiment — a set of beliefs about cash flows and investment risks that are not necessarily justified by the facts at hand — which is generally associated with less sophisticated, retail investors. Based on prior research on investor sentiment, we expect online search intensity to forecast stock returns and trading volume, and also expect that highly volatile stocks, which are more difficult to arbitrage, will be more sensitive to search intensity than less volatile stocks. In a sample of S&P 500 firms over the period 2005–2008, we find that, over a weekly horizon, online search intensity reliably predicts abnormal stock returns and trading volumes, and that the sensitivity of returns to search intensity is positively related to the difficulty of a stock being arbitraged. More broadly, our study highlights the potential of employing online search data for other forecasting applications.
α-Fetoprotein secretion by injured and regenerating hepatocytes in the dog

Abstract Both hepatic injury and partial resection are followed by elevation of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). However, whether injured or regenerating hepatocytes are the site of AFP secretion remains controversial. The effects of 3.5 hr of selective hepatic ischemia to the left (L) lobes (70% hepatic mass) of the canine liver on AFP production and liver regeneration by both L and right (R) hepatic lobes are reported. Twenty-one experimental and 13 control animals were studied. AFP was measured by radioimmunoassay in liver tissue homogenates and serum from both systemic and hepatic venous blood obtained preoperatively and on postoperative Days 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8. Tissue AFP was also assessed by immunofluorescent staining. Hepatic regeneration was quantified by autoradiography and DNA specific activity following the intravenous administration of [3H]thymidine. AFP levels were increased above baseline by postoperative Day 4 in biopsies taken from both L and R liver lobes with peak values occurring on Day 7. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the presence of intracellular AFP in hepatocytes of both R and L lobes on postoperative Days 2 through 6. Serum AFP became significantly elevated above preoperative values by Day 4 and maximal on Day 6. No difference was observed in AFP levels in systemic, L, or R hepatic venous blood. Hepatocellular DNA synthesis was increased on postoperative Days 2 through 8 in both R and L liver lobes. In conclusion, selective hepatic ischemia results in AFP secretion by both injured and uninjured liver lobes. These results suggest that both regenerating and injured hepatocytes synthesize AFP in the dog.
Annual reproduction patterns in populations of two sympatric species of Peromyscus

Data on annual recruitment patterns were gathered for two sympatric species of Peromyscus: P. leucopus noveboracensis and P. maniculatus gracilis . One-hectare grids were trapped in a mixed deciduous forest in northwestern Massachusetts. Results for all four dependent variables (pregnancy, nonpregnancy, molting, and body weights) indicated a bimodal pattern of recruitment for P. leucopus noveboracensis and a unimodal pattern for P. maniculatus gracilis . Several alternative explanations involving recent sympatry of the two species and possible competition are discussed.
Effect of Intestinal Resection on Two Juvenile Horses With Granulomatous Enteritis

Two horses were presented with lethargy, weight loss, anorexia, and swelling of the limbs and ventral body wall. One horse, a 12-month-old American Paso Fino colt, also had acute abdominal pain. The other horse, a seven-month-old Tennessee Walking Horse (TWH) filly passed diarrheic stools during the initial examination. Each horse had low serum protein, neutropenia, and a normal packed cell volume (3.2 g/dl, 1300 cells/ul, and 38%, respectively, for the colt, and 2.4 g/dl, 696 cells/ul, and 44%, respectively for the filly). After intravenously administering plasma, the colt's PCV dropped to 23%, and the filly's dropped to 30%. During exploratory surgery, 3.5 and 2.0 meters of thickened terminal small intestine were removed from the colt and filly respectively, and a jejunocecostomy performed. The results of histologic examination of resected intestine were consistent with a diagnosis of equine granulomatous enteritis (EGE). Both horses showed clinical improvement within two days after surgery. The colt developed a neutrophilia (20,500 cells/ul) within 24 hours of surgery. Serum protein concentrations remained stable and gradually elevated to normal or near normal values of 7.0 g/dl (colt) and 5.8 g/dl (filly) by two weeks. The colt was killed four months after surgery because of signs of abdominal pain. Postmortem examination revealed a small intestinal volvulus associated with an adhesion. The TWH filly remains clinically normal 13 months after surgery.
Surgical management of pelvic and extremity osteosarcoma.

Between 60-80% of all patients with osteosarcomas of the pelvis and the extremities can now be safely treated with limb-sparing surgery. Results (as defined by rates of local recurrence, overall survival, and function) are equal to or better than those associated with amputation. Successful use of limb-sparing procedures, however, depends on a well-developed surgical plan. An understanding of the biologic behavior and growth patterns of these lesions is fundamental. Staging of the primary tumor must involve a full complement of imaging modalities, including plain radiography, bone scintigraphy, computerized axial tomography (CAT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography
A Fortran 77 Program for Testing the Differences among Independent Correlations

A FORTRAN 77 program is presented which computes the Rao (1970) global test and the subsequent Levy (1976) multiple range procedure for testing the differences among independent correlations.
Analytical problem-solving, reference materials, and multivariate quality control: A chemometrics approach

Breakthroughs in sensor technology have augmented the chemist's measurement repertoire by introducing new kinds of detectors with improved selectivity and the capacity to perform simultaneous multi-species measurements. Thus, the electronic revolution has qualitatively and quantitatively changed the data matrices to which the analyst/problem-solver has access. The new chemical subdiscipline of chemometrics is developing powerful mathematical and statistical data analysis tools to exploit the electronic windfall and enhance data interpretation. Principal component analysis and graphical procedures have been used to examine the multivariate suitability of current reference materials in matching the concentration ranges and matrices for various food analyses. Principal component analysis has been useful in developing and exploring quality control information for the routine analysis laboratory.
Technology and health

Abstract Technology has revolutionized healthcare over the past 50 years. From pacemakers and artificial joints to organ transplantation our patients have experienced care that has dramatically improved their quality of life. Genomic science offers opportunities for gene therapy as well as new drug development. These developments arise from “virtuous circles” of technology to science to technology that depend upon the physical sciences and mathematics, health sciences, and engineering. All of these components require adequate funding, people who can work at interfaces, and appropriate relationships of Academia to Industry. These advances raise major issues for health care costs, ethics, conflicts of interest, privacy and patient-physician interactions.
Photoionization of sodium atoms and electron scattering from ionized sodium

The polarized-orbital method of Temkin (1957) is applied using polarized orbitals determined from Sternheimer's equation to compute the photoionization cross sections of Na atoms from threshold to about 60 eV. The approximations involved in the analysis are explained in detail; the explicit forms of the integrals and matrix expressions are given in appendices; and the results are presented in tables and graphs. Good agreement is found with the results of Chang and Kelly (1975), and the possibility that small amounts of molecular vapor in Na-photoionization experiments are responsible for the discrepancies between calculated and measured cross sections is considered.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Sudden Death Bearing Testing

Monte Carlo simulations combined with sudden death testing were used to compare resultant bearing lives to the calculated hearing life and the cumulative test time and calendar time relative to sequential and censored sequential testing. A total of 30 960 virtual 50-mm bore deep-groove ball bearings were evaluated in 33 different sudden death test configurations comprising 36, 72, and 144 bearings each. Variations in both life and Weibull slope were a function of the number of bearings failed independent of the test method used and not the total number of bearings tested. Variation in L10 life as a function of number of bearings failed were similar to variations in lift obtained from sequentially failed real bearings and from Monte Carlo (virtual) testing of entire populations. Reductions up to 40 percent in bearing test time and calendar time can be achieved by testing to failure or the L(sub 50) life and terminating all testing when the last of the predetermined bearing failures has occurred. Sudden death testing is not a more efficient method to reduce bearing test time or calendar time when compared to censored sequential testing.
Practical correlation for thermal resistance of 45° sloped enclosed airspaces with downward heat flow for building applications

Abstract A table is provided in the 2009 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals (Chapter 26) that contains the thermal resistances (R-values) of enclosed airspaces. The ASHRAE table provides the R-values for enclosed airspaces of different thicknesses, effective emittances, mean airspace temperatures, and temperature differences across the airspaces. This table is extensively used by modelers, architects and building designers in the design for the R-values of building enclosures. The effect of the airspace aspect ratio (length/thickness) on the R-value is not accounted for in the ASHRAE table. However, previous studies showed that the aspect ratio of the airspace can affect its R-value. In this paper, the previous studies that focused on determining the R-values for vertical enclosed airspaces and horizontal enclosed airspaces with upward and downward heat flow are extended to investigate the effect of the aspect ratio on the R-values of 45° sloped enclosed airspaces under downward heat flow for different airspace thicknesses and having a wide range of values for the effective emittance, mean temperature, and temperature differences across the airspaces. The predicted R-values are compared with those provided in the ASHRAE table. Considerations are also given to investigate the potential increase in the R-values of enclosed airspaces when a thin sheet is placed in the middle of the airspace and whose surfaces have different values of emissivity. Thereafter, practical correlation is developed for determining the R-values of 45° sloped enclosed airspaces for future use by modelers, architects and building designers. The simplicity of this correlation for the sloped enclosed airspaces along with those that were previously developed for vertical and horizontal airspaces suggests that these correlations could be included in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.
Pion-induced transport of π mesons in nuclei

A large body of data for pion-induced neutral pion continuum spectra spanning outgoing energies near 180 MeV shows no dip there that might be ascribed to internal strong absorption processes involving the formation of {delta}'s. This is the same observation previously made for the charged pion continuum spectra. Calculations in an intranuclear cascade model or a cascade exciton model with free-space parameters predict such a dip for both neutral and charged pions. We explore several medium modifications to the interactions of pions with internal nucleons that are able to reproduce the data for nuclei from {sup 7}Li through Bi. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Pilot study: association of traditional and genetic risk factors and new-onset diabetes mellitus following kidney transplantation.

Introduction New-onset diabetes mellitus, which occurs after kidney transplant and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), shares common risk factors and antecedents in impaired insulin secretion and action. Several genetic polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with T2DM. We hypothesized that transplant recipients who carry risk alleles for T2DM are “tipped over” to develop diabetes mellitus in the posttransplant milieu.
Imaging skins: Cameras with extremely thin form factors

We describe a camera architecture that is capable of high resolution imagery generated by a completely planar device. The camera utilizes grating coupled waveguides to selectively couple light from object points in the far-field.
Effects of Amdro on the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Some Nontarget Ant Species and Persistence of Amdro on a Pasture Habitat in North Carolina

A bait, Amdro, containing the toxicant AC217,300 (tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(1- H )-pyrimidinone[3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-[2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethenyl]-2-propenylidene]hydrazone), was tested for efficacy against the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in a pasture in southeastern North Carolina. Significant ( P ≤ 0.05) differences in fire ant colony activity and structure were found between treatment and control populations following broadcast (1.7 kg [AI]/ha) and single mound (5 tablespoons per mound) applications. High numbers of incipient fire ant colonies were found in the treated areas of the pasture following the Amdro applications. Deleterious effects on nontarget ant species were not detected. Residues of Amdro were undetectable within 24 h of the broadcast application. Because of the rapid reoccupation of treated areas by incipient colonies, multiple applications of Amdro will be required to achieve long-term suppression of S. invicta populations.
Rescue of immunoglobulins from insolubility is facilitated by PDI in the baculovirus expression system.

A substantial fraction of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain polypeptides were insoluble when expressed in the baculovirus–insect cell expression system. In the presence of coexpressed heterologous protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), however, the solubility of the immunoglobulins was enhanced and IgG was secreted at higher levels from baculovirus-infectedTrichoplusia niinsect cells. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that some immunoglobulin polypeptides were initially insoluble in the presence of PDI but subsequently were rescued in a soluble form competent for IgG assembly and secretion. Recovery of the insoluble immunoglobulins was not observed in the absence of coexpressed PDI. Even after treatment of insect cells with tunicamycin to inhibit N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin heavy chains, coexpressed PDI was able to salvage insoluble immunoglobulins and secrete these modified glycoforms. The capacity for PDI to rescue immunoglobulins was also demonstratedin vitrowhere immunoglobulin heavy chains and light chain dimers were salvaged from aggregates of denatured IgG. PDI-mediated rescue of proteins, perhaps assisted by chaperones and other foldases, may be importantin vivowhere insolubility is a common occurrence for newly synthesized polypeptides.
The effects of replacing dietary carbohydrate with calcium salts of fatty acids on finishing lamb feedlot performance, blood metabolites, muscle fatty acid composition, and carcass characteristics☆☆☆

Abstract Sixty finishing lambs (BW = 41.6 ± 1.4 kg) were utilized to investigate the effects of replacing carbohydrate-based energy with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on finishing lamb feedlot performance, blood metabolites, muscle fatty acid composition, and carcass characteristic. Upon arrival, lambs were weighed on 2 consecutive days and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary concentrations of CSFA. Treatments included: (1) 0% CSFA (control); (2) 4% CSFA; (3) 7% CSFA and (4) 11% CSFA on a DM basis. Diets were formulated to be isoenergetic (TDN basis) and isonitrogenous (DIP and UIP) and consisted of 75% concentrate, and 25% roughage (corn silage). Rations had comparable levels of dietary TDN; rations with less corn had a higher concentration of CSFA-pellet. Intake was controlled to balance TDN per kg of BW across treatments; all treatments met 2006 NRC requirements for growing lambs. Lambs were weighed and bled every 14 ± 2 d. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate and insulin concentrations. On d 62, lambs were transported to a commercial abattoir and slaughtered. Hot carcass weight (HCW) was determined at the time of slaughter, and longissimus muscle (LM), and liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected and snap-frozen for later analysis. Longissimus muscle area (LMA) and back fat (BF) carcass measurements were determined after a 48 h chill at 4 °C. There was a treatment effect for ADG, DMI and gain to feed efficiency ( P P P P P P = 0.02), with lambs fed the control diet having higher blood glucose concentrations than those fed 11% CSFA. Plasma insulin and the insulin:glucose ratio were similar across all treatments at all time points measured. Fatty acid profiles for LM, liver and subcutaneous adipose were similar across treatments. Overall, data suggest that CSFA can be used to replace carbohydrate from corn at rates up to 7% DMI before performance is negatively affected.
The weight functions of the configuration of collinear cracks

Collinear cracks have been the subject of many investigations and publications. This paper provides (once and for all) the weight functions for the general configuration. The functions are equally useful for modes I and II.
Uncertainties associated with the assessment of vegetation

The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) attempts to portray the current character of a given ecosystem. This provides a “Baseline” against which future possible changes can be assessed. Ecosystems, however, are dynamic and in a constant state of change. Consequently, data representing a single year reflect conditions only for that year and can be misleading if compared against any other year. In addition to this temporal variation, considerable spacial variation exists in species composition and cover. Ample sampling is required to compensate for this heterogeneity. Variation, or background “noise,” can be minimized by the use of similarity indexes and sampling over a period of at least two years.