cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Transcutaneous Implanted Battery Recharging and Biotelemeter Power Switching System

A system has been developed for extending the lifetime of an implantable biotelemeter (or potentially a variety of implantable electronic devices), first by recharging implanted nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries via radio frequency power transmitted from an external portable source, and second by providing on/off electronic power switching which, when activated externally, allows for shutdown of the biotelemeter when not required and subsequent powering up when needed. The battery pack, which has been successfully evaluated in the dog, uses four sealed NiCd 100 mA ·h, 1.25 V dc cells which can be "quick charged" at 40 mA in 2.5 h. Higher or lower charge rates are available and the charging rate is telemetered for continuous battery status indication. The system has been designed to charge the implanted batteries through 13 mm tissue thickness, using 50 mm diameter transmitting and receiving coils. The on/off operation of the system is limited to a maximum 100 mm coil spacing. The switching circuitry has been implemented on a 28 ×43 mm ceramic substrate with reflow soldered integrated circuit leadless inverted devices (LID's®) and resistor and capacitor chips. It is expected that the reflow soldering can be duplicated easily by other investigators on either ceramic or glass-epoxy boards. The power transmitter and its battery pack are intended for placement in an animal jacket. The transmitter has a 2.5 W dc power input and will operate from a 1.2 A ·h, 12 V dc battery pack for the required recharging period.
Evaluation of the Yeast Traffic Light® PNA FISH™ Probes for Identification of Candida species from Positive Blood Cultures

The Yeast Traffic Light PNA FISH kit (YTL) correctly identified Candida spp. in 207/216 (96%) positive blood cultures. Discordant results were seen with known cross-reacting species and cultures containing Candida lambica and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The YTL provides rapid, reliable identification of the five common Candida species found in blood cultures.
Stability of explicit radiation-material coupling in radiative transfer calculations

Abstract We show that explicit radiation-material coupling, which is essentially always stable for infrared radiative transfer is conditionally stable in the high energy density regime. A linearized stability analysis is first performed for a simple infinite-medium problem that yields both a criterion for unconditional stability, a time-step restriction that applies for conditional stability, and a time-step criterion that always applies for non-oscillatory solutions. This analysis is then extended to include space dependence with the result that the system is always conditionally stable, but with a time step restriction somewhat different from the infinite-medium case. Nonetheless, the time step restriction for non-oscillatory solutions remains the same. Computations are presented that confirm the predictions of our analysis, and conclusions are given.
The critic’s weapons: Comments on sica

Alan Sica has developed a reputation as a perceptive and acerbic critic of the sociological enterprise. This reputation is not only predicated on his solid ground ing in the history of the discipline and on his theoretical acumen; it is also because of his wit?at times sarcastic, at times ironic?which he tends to use like a rapier. Unfortunately, for the article at hand, he appears to have traded in his rapier for a rather more blunt instrument. Instead of thrusting at a precisely defined target, he attempts to bludgeon, the result being a considerably messier attack. Part of my problem with the article has to do with its style and tone. It is written as a diatribe: a frontal assault on the discipline rather than a sustained critique of it. It is such a broadside that it might be seen as reflecting Sica's lack of appreci ation of the ambiguities and the complexities that characterize not only the relationship between theory and research but the central questions related to the appropriate uses of sociological inquiry. His critique might have been more com pelling if it had been infused with a degree of intellectual civility. At some level, the author seems to be aware of this when he suggests that some readers might find his argument to be "shrill and unkind." Furthermore, the valid concerns that Sica raises are undermined by another stylistic problem. The article is, quite simply, overwritten. To select a few exam ples, I note the following: "artfulness is thrown against descriptive enumeration"; "tossed into the value free vortex of the 'scientific' jockeying for position"; "Ptolemaic excesses"; and "playing out the drama of a bull market." These and numerous other examples are an indication of how Sica's style works against him. This literary excess is not only unnecessary, but one of its unfortunate consequences is that it makes the article unduly confusing. Here it might be worth noting that
Physiological organization of syllables: a review

Abstract The notion that the syllable is a unit of articulatory organization has long had intuitive appeal, although a series of studies spanning more than two decades failed to support this hypothesis (cf. Stetson, 1951; Draper, Ladefoged & Whitteridge, 1959; Kozhevenikov & Chistovich, 1965; Gay, 1978; Kent & Minifie, 1977; Harris & Bell-Berti, 1984). More recently, however, a new approach to this issue – one that considers syllables to be characteristic patterns of articulatory organization (Krakow, 1989; Browman & Goldstein, 1995) – has provided new insights into the nature of syllable organization in speech. This paper reviews the relevant physiological investigations in the literature and presents new data, which together serve to demonstrate that the syllable is, at its core, a physiological unit. The relation between such evidence and phonological patterns is discussed, including cross-language distributional differences between syllable-initial and syllable-final consonants, as well as such notions as ambisyllabicity and resyllabification.
Optimization of tricyclic Nec-3 necroptosis inhibitors for in vitro liver microsomal stability

Abstract Necroptosis is a regulated caspase-independent cell death pathway with morphological features resembling passive non-regulated necrosis. Several diverse structure classes of necroptosis inhibitors have been reported to date, including a series of 3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2 H -benz[ g ]indazoles (referred to as the Nec-3 series) displaying potent activity in cellular assays. However, evaluation of the tricyclic necroptosis inhibitor’s stability in mouse liver microsomes indicated that they were rapidly degraded. A structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of this compound series revealed that increased liver microsomal stability could be accomplished by modification of the pendent phenyl ring and by introduction of a hydrophilic substituent (i.e., α-hydroxyl) to the acetamide at the 2-position of the tricyclic ring without significantly compromising necroptosis inhibitory activity. Further increases in microsomal stability could be achieved by utilizing the 5,5-dioxo-3-phenyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3- c ]pyrazoles. However, in this case necroptosis inhibitory activity was not maintained. Overall, these results provide a strategy for generating potent and metabolically stable tricyclic necrostatin analogs (e.g., 33 , LDN-193191) potentially suitable for in vivo studies.
The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma organisms isolated from sheep and goats in Turkey

Abstract Sheep and goats were inoculated with 6 type N, 5 type A and 2 type C mycoplasma strains. The results indicate that type N strains of mycoplasma are non-pathogenic when inoculated subcutaneously into goats. Type A strains produced the syndrome of contagious agalactia in sheep and goats as it is seen in Turkey, but without the keratitis. The ID50 in goats of a randomly selected strain of this type was 8·6 organisms. Type C strains isolated in Turkey resembled the Razi strain from Iran in their pathogenicity for sheep and goats. The characteristic lesion produced by these strains was a subcutaneous oedema and necrosis at the site of injection.
Numerical studies of spin glass problems in magnetism and superconductivity

I will describe spin glass ideas as applied to magnetism and superconductivity, concentrating on numerical studies. The existence of a phase transition will be shown and some open problems discussed.
Dynamic fragility concepts for equipment design and qualification

Abstract Fragility concepts are explored for use in the design and qualification of nuclear plant equipment and for relating the ultimate capability of equipment to that of the overall plant. In the most general sense, the fragility level of a device may depend on several different types of environmental stress or challenge factors (i.e., heat, nuclear radiation, vibration, etc.) that influence its operation. However, emphasis is concentrated on the dynamic and particularly the seismic fragility levels of equipment. A general definition of dynamic fragility and various methods for its measurement are described. The state of published data on nuclear equipment fragility is discussed, and limitations on its use are noted. From there, the concept of a standardized seismic fragility data base and its potential uses are considered. Various gaps in the methodology are identified, and recommendations for further research are suggested.
Nursing Care of the Child with Neutropenic Enterocolitis

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a serious complication in neutropenic patients. Once exclusively thought to be found in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, it is now being seen with increased frequency during bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy for solid tumors, and in patients suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cyclic neutropenia. The pathophysiology of NE is not completely understood, but unquestionably involves neutropenia, mucosal barrier damage, and infection resulting in a necrotizing process of the bowel wall. The cecum, ileus, and ascending colon are most commonly involved. Initial symptoms are usually nonspecific abdominal pain and fever. Localized, severe right lower quadrant pain, sepsis, and bowel perforation may rapidly develop. Once considered a fatal complication, the outcome for the child with NE has improved with better diagnostic imaging techniques and antibiotics. Most children can be successfully managed conservatively with early introduction of broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive care. However, a significant number will need surgical intervention. Nursing care of these children requires knowledge of the disease process, excellent clinical assessment skills, and a compassionate, family-centered approach.
Clinical calibration in phonocardiography.

Abstract 1. 1. The need for a sound calibration with a signal which varies in accordance with the manifold causes of error of clinical phonocardiography is emphasized. 2. 2. A new, simple device is described. It is based on the production of a sound vibration of known amplitude and frequency over the chest wall and its transmission to the microphone. 3. 3. The best location for placing the calibrator is described. 4. 4. The transmission of the signal to various areas of the precordium is studied. 5. 5. The variations of the signal in the various possible changes of the microphone, its location and application, are studied. Animal experiments offer opportunity to study the changes of the signal following experimental production of either pneumothorax or pulmonary effusion. 6. 6. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
Solubilization and characterization of a neutral-active, calcium-dependent, phospholipase A2 from rabbit heart and isolated chick embryo myocytes

Abstract Homogenates of rabbit heart hydrolyzed the phospholipids of autoclaved E. coli maximally at pH 7.0 with 5.0 m m added CaCl 2 ; EDTA was a potent inhibitor. More than 70% of the homogenate phospholipase A activity was sedimented at 100 000 × g. Homogenates dialyzed to pH 3.0 had a similar pH optima, but required less than 1.0 m m added CaCl 2 for optimal activity. Sulfuric acid extraction of whole heart, and other rabbit organs, solubilized a calcium-dependent phospholipase A that was maximally active at pHs 7.0 to 7.5. Myocardial extracts were as active (approx. 60 nmol/h/mg) as acid extracts from rabbit lung, liver and kidney. Phospholipase(s) A with similar properties were solubilized by acid extraction of 12-day-old chick embryo myocytes (10 nmol/h/mg). Regardless of origin, the phospholipases A were absolutely specific for release of fatty acid from the 2-acyl position of phospholipids. Activity was inhibited by (i) pretreatment with p-bromophenacylbromide; (ii) the anesthetics, dibucaine and chlorpromazine; and (iii) the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, indomethacin, ibuprofen and meclofenamate. Aspirin and dexamethasone had little or no effect on enzymic activity.
Intradimerically tethered DNA topoisomerase II is catalytically active in DNA transport.

Abstract A covalently cross-linked dimer of yeast DNA topoisomerase II was created by fusing the enzyme with the GCN4 leucine zipper followed by two glycines and a cysteine. Upon oxidation of the chimeric protein, a disulfide bond forms between the two carboxyl termini, covalently and intradimerically cross-linking the two protomers. In addition, all nine of the cysteines naturally occurring in topoisomerase II have been changed to alanines in this construct. This cross-linked, cysteine-less topoisomerase II is catalytically active in DNA duplex passage as indicated by ATP-dependent DNA supercoil relaxation and kinetoplast DNA decatenation assays. However, these experiments do not directly distinguish between a "one-gate" and a "two-gate" mechanism for the enzyme.
Comprehensive analysis of yeast metabolite GC×GC–TOFMS data: combining discovery-mode and deconvolution chemometric software

The first extensive study of yeast metabolite GC x GC-TOFMS data from cells grown under fermenting, R, and respiring, DR, conditions is reported. In this study, recently developed chemometric software for use with three-dimensional instrumentation data was implemented, using a statistically-based Fisher ratio method. The Fisher ratio method is fully automated and will rapidly reduce the data to pinpoint two-dimensional chromatographic peaks differentiating sample types while utilizing all the mass channels. The effect of lowering the Fisher ratio threshold on peak identification was studied. At the lowest threshold (just above the noise level), 73 metabolite peaks were identified, nearly three-fold greater than the number of previously reported metabolite peaks identified (26). In addition to the 73 identified metabolites, 81 unknown metabolites were also located. A Parallel Factor Analysis graphical user interface (PARAFAC GUI) was applied to selected mass channels to obtain a concentration ratio, for each metabolite under the two growth conditions. Of the 73 known metabolites identified by the Fisher ratio method, 54 were statistically changing to the 95% confidence limit between the DR and R conditions according to the rigorous Student's t-test. PARAFAC determined the concentration ratio and provided a fully-deconvoluted (i.e. mathematically resolved) mass spectrum for each of the metabolites. The combination of the Fisher ratio method with the PARAFAC GUI provides high-throughput software for discovery-based metabolomics research, and is novel for GC x GC-TOFMS data due to the use of the entire data set in the analysis (640 MB x 70 runs, double precision floating point).
A Direct Method for Determination of Forward-Mutation Rates in Neurospora crassa

THE main difficulty in estimating forward-mutation (from wild type to mutant) rates at specific loci in micro-organisms is the determination of the total number of specific mutations in a given population of cells after mutagenic treatment. In general, mutation rates are so low that the number of specific mutants cannot be readily determined by direct methods. An attempt has been made to determine forward-mutation rates at specific loci1 by indirect methods, using the ‘filtration-concentration’ technique, which permits only partial recovery of the induced mutants. Later, an effort was made to determine what proportion of the total mutants induced at each of these loci is recovered with such techniques, by reconstruction experiments in which various mixtures of wild-type and mutant conidia were used. To circumvent the various assumptions that must be made to obtain estimates of the forward-mutation rates from the data obtained by such indirect methods, we developed an experimental technique that permits the estimation of the forward-mutation rates of specific loci by a direct method.
A STUDY OF TURKEY EGG YOLK 1. COMPOSITION AND ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS

Yolks from fresh eggs produced by Broad Breasted White turkeys were blended and analyzed. Proximate composition was determined and components were separated in 7% polyacrylamide gel. Turkey egg yolk was compared with chicken egg yolk. Turkey egg yolk contained a higher percentage of solids, fat, and protein than chicken egg yolk. When separated electrophoretically, components of chicken egg yolk migrated faster than those in turkey egg yolk. Turkey yolks could be resolved into 10 or 11 distinct components; chicken yolk, into 11 or 12 components, depending on electrophoretic technique.
How Work–Family Research Can Finally Have an Impact in Organizations

Although work–family research has mushroomed over the past several decades, an implementation gap persists in putting work–family research into practice. Because of this, work–family researchers have not made a significant impact in improving the lives of employees relative to the amount of research that has been conducted. The goal of this article is to clarify areas where implementation gaps between work–family research and practice are prevalent, discuss the importance of reducing these gaps, and make the case that both better and different research should be conducted. We recommend several alternative but complementary actions for the work–family researcher: (a) work with organizations to study their policy and practice implementation efforts, (b) focus on the impact of rapid technological advances that are blurring work–family boundaries, (c) conduct research to empower the individual to self-manage the work–family interface, and (d) engage in advocacy and collaborative policy research to change institutional contexts and break down silos. Increased partnerships between industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology practitioners and researchers from many industries and disciplines could break down silos that we see as limiting development of the field.
ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE THERMAL DAMAGE OF TISSUE DUE TO ATHERECTOMY BY MEANS OF A MECHANICAL DEBULKING DEVICE

In vitro and cadaver experiments, coupled with numerical simulations, were performed to assess the possibility that orbital atherectomy might cause thermal damage of tissue. The experiments involved debulking operations on a surrogate artery and on the plaque-lined posterior tibial artery of a cadaver. Temperatures and coolant flow rates measured during these experiments enabled a numerical simulation of the debulking of a plaque-lined artery in a living human. The temperature variations from the numerical simulations were used to evaluate a thermal injury index. The resulting values of the index were found to be several orders of magnitude below the threshold value for thermal injury. It is concluded that it is extremely unlikely that the use of an orbital debulking device, the Diamondback 360°™ (Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.), can lead to thermal injury of the artery wall.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Performance prospects of compact silicon microring-based electro-optic modulator for analog optical links

We propose ultra-small silicon microring-based analog electro-optic modulators, which exhibit a better SFDR by 5-dB and higher modulation-index compared to MZMs. Third-harmonic-distortion is reduced by 10-dB in fiber transmission.
Mass transfer modeling of asymmetric membrane formation by phase inversion

A derivation is presented of a ternary diffusion model to describe the mass transfer processes associated with the quench bath period of the phase inversion process for membrane formation. The complete governing equations, initial conditions, and boundary conditions in the casting film and coagulation bath are presented. The model is applied to the analysis of mass transfer paths and their effects on membrane structure formation. Comparisons with an earlier reported study on the membrane-forming system: water-acetone-cellulose acetate showed excellent agreement for precipitation times
Results of a Phase I regional hyperthermia device evaluation: microwave annular array versus radiofrequency induction coil?

The safety and efficacy of two devices in producing elevated temperatures in bulky deep tumours was evaluated in 11 patients with 12 tumours. Nine of 11 patients had pelvic tumours. Each patient was given a separate trial heating with the microwave annular phased microwave array system (APAS) and the radio frequency concentric magnetic induction coil (MI), and evaluation was based upon paired comparison of power-limiting patient tolerance endpoints as well as intratumoural temperatures achieved. Toxicity was minimal with either device. On average, 66 per cent of intratumoural (IT) temperatures reached > 41°C with the APAS, and 12 per cent of IT temperatures reached >41°C with the MI (P 42°C with the APAS, compared to 7 per cent with MI (P < 0.001). Although the annular microwave array is more complex to use, it has a significantly higher likelihood of achieving temperatures in the therapeutic range near 42°C in deep pelvic tumours than does the magnet...
ALPS: An Application-Level Proportional-Share Scheduler

ALPS is a per-application user-level proportional-share scheduler that operates with tow overhead and without any special kernel support. ALPS is useful to a range of applications, including scientific applications that need to control the CPU apportionment to the processes they create, to Web servers that need to limit the proportion of available CPU time given to spawned processes that service Web requests, and to middleware that supports multiple execution environments that are to run at different rates. ALPS works by minimally sampling the progress of processes under its control, and making simple predictions for when it should selectively pause and resume the processes. We present the algorithm, a UNIX-based implementation, and a performance evaluation. Our results show that the ALPS approach is practical; we can achieve good accuracy (under 5% error), and low overhead (under 1% of CPU), despite user-level operation
A conceptual framework of faculty trust and participation in governance

There is a link between faculty trust of administration and their subsequent levels of participation in the governance process.
Feasibility of in vivo intravascular photoacoustic imaging using integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging catheter

Pilot studies of in vivo combined intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging are reported. A recently introduced prototype of an integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter consisting of a single-element ultrasound transducer and a light delivery system based on a single optical fiber was adapted and used for in vivo imaging of a coronary stent deployed in a rabbit's thoracic aorta in the presence of luminal blood. The results suggest that in vivo IVUS/IVPA imaging is feasible using the integrated IVUS/IVPA imaging catheter. The challenges of in vivo combined IVUS/IVPA imaging are discussed, and further improvements on the design of the catheter and the clinical imaging system are proposed.
Enhancement of Dissolution of Ethopropazine Using Solid Dispersions Prepared with Phospholipid and/or Polyethylene Glycol

The purpose of this study was to improve the dissolution properties of a poorly water soluble and bioavailable drug, ethopropazine HCl (ET), by incorporating the drug in three different types of solid dispersion systems. Solid dispersions of ET were prepared using 1:1 (w/w) ratios of (1) phospholipid (1,2 dimyristoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine) (DMPC), (2) polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000), and (3) a novel combination of both DMPC and PEG8000. Using the solvent method of preparation, ET and DMPC and/or PEG were dissolved in chloroform, and solvent subsequently was evaporated using nitrogen gas. The resulting solid dispersion(s) was passed through a 60-mesh sieve. Characterization of ET/DMPC solid dispersion was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry studies. Dissolution studies conducted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C) using the USP type II (paddle) dissolution apparatus showed significant increases in the dissolution rate of ET with all the solid dispersions in this study. Specifically, within the first 5 min (D5), solid dispersions containing ET/DMPC (1:1) showed an eightfold increase in dissolution; in combination with DMPC and PEG8000 (1:1), there was an approximately sixfold increase; and a fourfold increase was observed with PEG8000 (1:1). Complete dissolution of all solid dispersions occurred within 60 min (D60) of the run. Storage of the ET/DMPC sample for over 4.5 months revealed a decrease in the dissolution rate when compared to freshly prepared sample. Overall, it was concluded that the dissolution rate of ET significantly improved when dispersed in all the selected carrier systems. However, the solid dispersion of ET/DMPC was observed to be superior to the other combinations used.
A COMPARISON OF PROCEDURES FOR PROGRAMMING NONCONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES

We compared two methods for programming and thinning noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) schedules during the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB). The participants were 3 individuals who had been diagnosed with mental retardation. Results of functional analyses indicated that all participants' SIB was maintained by positive reinforcement (i.e., access to attention or food). Following baseline, the effects of two NCR schedule-thinning procedures were compared in multielement designs. One schedule (fixed increment) was initially set at fixed-time 10-s reinforcer deliveries and was also thinned according to fixed-time intervals. The other schedule (adjusting IRT) was initially determined by participants' baseline interresponse times (IRTs) for SIB and was thinned based on IRTs observed during subsequent treatment sessions. Results indicated that both schedules were effective in initially reducing SIB and in maintaining response suppression as the schedules were thinned.
Predication and Ontology

It is an historical fact that one of Russell's greatest philosophical contributions was to highlight the role that premises about logical form play in ontological arguments. A pair of quotations will introduce his point that great metaphysical systems are often not only based on, but are debased by, the belief that certain statements of philosophical discourse are logically subject-predicate in form. Speaking of Hegel's Absolute Idealism, Russell wrote in Our Knowledge of The Extemal World: Mr. Bradley has worked out a theory according to which, in all judgment, we are ascribing a predicate to Reality as a whole; and this theory is derived from Hegel. Now the traditional logic holds that every proposition ascribes a predicate to a subject, and from this it easily follows that there can be only one subject, the Absolute, for if there were two, the proposition that there were two would not ascribe a predicate to either. Thus Hegel's doctrine, that philosophical propositions must be of the form, “the Absolute is such and such,” depends on the traditional belief in the universality of the subject-predicate form. This belief, being traditionaL scarcely self-conscious, and not supposed to be important, operates underground, and is assumed in arguments which, like the refutation of relations, appear at first sight to e;tablish its truth.
Using molecular tethering to analyze the role of nuclear compartmentalization in the regulation of mammalian gene activity

The mammalian nucleus has a complex structural organization that dynamically interacts with the genome. Chromatin is organized into discrete domains by association with distinct nuclear compartments enriched in structural and regulatory proteins. Growing evidence suggests that gene activity is modulated by interactions with these sub-nuclear compartments. Therefore, analyzing how nuclear architecture controls genome activity will be necessary to fully understand complex biological processes such as development and disease. In this article we describe a molecular methodology involving inducible tethering that can be used to position genes at the inner nuclear membrane (INM)-lamina compartment. The consequences of such directed re-positioning on gene activity or other DNA transactions can then be analyzed. This approach can be generalized and extended to position genes or chromosomal domains within other nuclear compartments thereby greatly facilitating the analysis of nuclear structure and its impact on genome activity.
Quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in aging DBA/2NNia glaucomatous mice: comparison with RGC loss in aging C57/BL6 mice.

Purpose To quantify the extent and pattern of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in the DBA2/NNia glaucomatous mouse strain as a function of age and compare it with ganglion cell loss in a nonglaucomatous strain. Methods All the ganglion cells in retinas of DBA/2NNia and C57/BL6 mice of various ages (five eyes per age group in 3-month intervals from 3 to 18 months of age) were counted. A novel counting method that does not rely on sampling and that uses retrograde labeling of RGCs with Fluorogold (Fluorochrome; Englewood, CO) was used. RGC loss in the glaucomatous DBA/2NNia mouse strain was contrasted to RGC loss in C57 mice at the same ages. The total number of Fluorogold-labeled cells per retina was compared within and among the two strains as a function of age. In addition, RGC density maps were constructed for each retina, and the range of densities for each age group was compared within and among the two strains. IOP in awake, nonsedated DBA/2NNia mice was measured with a rebound tonometer. Results RGC loss started between 12 and 15 months of age in C57 mice and led to an approximate 46% reduction by 18 months of age. The rate of loss was best approximated by a second-order polynomial curve. In comparison, DBA/2NNia mice also began showing RGC loss at approximately 12 months of age, but it proceeded at a much faster rate, with approximately 64% of their RGCs dying by the 15th month of age but little additional loss thereafter. RGC loss in the DBA animals had a focal pattern that appeared more patchy and showed greater variability than the age-related loss in C57 mice, which was more diffuse. IOP and total retinal area in DBA/2NNia mice began to increase at approximately 6 months of age. IOP normalized after the 12th month of age. Conclusions Age-related RGC loss of up to 50% can occur in the C57 mouse by 18 months of age. The loss does not proceed linearly with age, as is often assumed, and differs both in extent and locational pattern from pathologic RGC loss secondary to glaucoma in DBA/2NNia mouse retinas.
On a Theorem of Barker–Puig that Refines Alperin’s Weight Conjecture for Blocks in p-Solvable Finite Groups via Clifford Theory

We present a much shorter Clifford Theoretic Proof of an important Theorem of Barker and Puig on a refinement of Alperin’s Weight Conjecture for Blocks in p-solvable finite groups. Our proof employs a standard Clifford Theoretic approach. We also demonstrate a relationship between the Green correspondence and Sibley’s concept of a vertex pair. Consequently the main theorem can be stated in terms of Sibley’s vertex pairs.
Microfabrication and characterization of UV micropatternable, electrically conducting polyaniline photoresist blends for MEMS applications

We present the preparation and electrical characterization of an electrically conductive blend of polyaniline (PANi) and SU-8 UV micropatternable photoresist that offers promising opportunities for MEMS applications. The blend was prepared by shear mixing of PANi and SU-8 2010 resist at an rpm of 1,000 for 15 h. The composite was spin-coated on a silicon wafer at an 850 rpm in order to achieve a thickness of 50 µm, followed by soft baking at 70 °C for 35 min and cooling to room temperature. The desired structures were patterned using masked UV exposure for 60 s. Full cross-linking of PANi and SU-8 blend was achieved by a post-exposure bake at a temperature of 90 °C for 25 min, followed by cooling to room temperature. The desired electrode structures and trace lines were then developed in SU-8 developer for 10 min by manual agitation. The fabricated structures were characterized under Scanning Electron Microscope and through Electron Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrating that good patternability was achieved when using photo-initiator (triarylsulfonium hexafluoro-anitimonate salts) and gamma-butyrolactone solvents in the blend. Further, electrical characterization together with EDS showed that an electrically conductive path is formed in the PANI SU-8 2010 polymer matrix. It is also observed that resistivity as low as 350 ?-m was achieved at 8.6 wt% of PANi in SU-8 2010 polymer matrix.
An algebraic model of class, message passing and inheritance

Object-oriented programming, although benefiting from a continuing surge of popularity, suffers from being vaguely defined. Smalltalk, typically seen as the archetype programming language of the paradigm, offers a means of increasing programming ease and productivity by decreasing the complexity of designing, developing, and maintaining programs. While the characteristic features of Smalltalk proliferated as other programming languages incorporated some of the same or similar basic concepts, those programming languages have tended to describe the underlying concepts in terms of operational features instead of describing them as adaptations of more fundamental concepts. A superficial, incomplete and often ambiguous picture is formed, making it difficult, if not impossible, to clearly identify and fully exploit the inherent features of the underlying concepts. A formal theory characterizing the principal phenomena associated with this style of programming, that is class, objects, message passing, and inheritance, is presented in this thesis. Such features invariably have intertwined descriptions in the applicable programming languages. While a number of other efforts have formally modeled some aspects of these phenomena, the lack of a unifying model, capable of describing the different interactions between these individual features, makes obtaining a complete picture impossible. In order to be accurate, other more fundamental concepts contributing to class, objects, message passing, and inheritance are first identified and then formally defined in the form of signatures and algebras. Such contributing concepts are included in a single comprehensive and consistent algebraic theory. Using this theory, a formal semantics of abstract data types and polymorphic operations is defined using initial algebras. Implementation inheritance is then described simply as one of a number of different means of defining algebras. Once the contributing concepts are incorporated in a single theory, there is the opportunity to study and possibly generalize the individual concepts contributing to the basic phenomena. Interactions between the concepts can also be studied. Furthermore, as the relevant features of each of the implementations are consistently captured, they can then be compared in formal terms. Simplifications occurring in some of the implementations can also be justified.
Digitalization of existing continuous systems considering computation delay

In this paper, a computer-aided method for converting existing continuous control systems into digital control systems with computational delay is presented. The objective of this paper is to obtain the pulse-transfer function of the digital controller so that the performance of the digital control system is as close to the existing system as possible. This is done by matching the frequency response of the digital control system to that of the existing continuous model with a minimum weighted mean-square error. A formula for computing the parameters of the digital controller is obtained as a result. The design method is illustrated with an example.
Building Walls Against Bad Infrastructure Policy in New Orleans

Simply rebuilding the existing levees in New Orleans to make them stronger will not protect the city from catastrophe in the future. More comprehensive approaches will provide decision makers at all levels - from elected officials to individual homeowners - with incentives to manage flood risk effectively. This Policy Primer offers guidance for developing more rational government policies for flood protection, approaches that stop subsidizing risky behavior. The rebuilding process in New Orleans allows local areas to explore new options for levee development and management beyond the conventional reliance on federal agencies. Reliance on federal funds and bureaucracies diminishes the incentives for a local community to accurately understand its risk to natural disasters. Instead, institutional flexibility will help ensure that the most appropriate arrangements emerge. Only then will the cost of natural disasters, in both lives and dollars, start to decline.
Effects of acute pleural effusion on respiratory system mechanics in dogs

We determined regional (Vr) and overall lung volumes in six head-up anesthetized dogs before and after the stepwise introduction of saline into the right pleural space. Functional residual capacity...
Public koti and private love: Section 377, religion, perversity and lived desire

In this paper, we juxtapose the present-day Supreme Court battles over the colonial anti-sodomy provisions in the Indian Penal Code (Section 377), with everyday interpretations of carnal intercourse by kotis and jananas in order to visibilize a whole different social world of carnality. The responses to the law coming from the civil society formations (namely the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights organizations, HIV/AIDS organizations and women's rights organizations) are the site for the formation of a modern Indian homosexual subject, one who claims her/his rights to love and privacy through the language of human rights and constitutional freedom. We argue that the arrival of the modern rights-bearing homosexual subject is contested by political and religious formations through discourses of sin, unnaturality and proper sexual conduct. The contestation of religious discourse through the discourse of constitutional rights covers over the creative interpretations of religion provided by ...
Abstract 368: MUC1-targeted gold nanoparticle-based theranostic approach

MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein, extending 200-400 nm from the apical surface of normal polarized epithelial cells in a variety of mucosal tissues. The large ectodomain contains a series of heavily glycosylated tandem repeats and serves as a protective barrier to enzymatic degradation and microbial attack, as well as prevents embryo attachment during the non-receptive phase in the uterus. Many cancers, including endometrial carcinomas, overexpress MUC1 which is believed to promote tumor progression by protecting tumor cells from the immune system, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents. The availability of MUC1 glycoform-specific antibodies creates an opportunity to exploit the increased or aberrant MUC1 expression in carcinoma cells by creating MUC1-targeted therapies. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated to a human MUC1 ectodomain specific antibody (214D4) are readily endocytosed by MUC1 expressing human endometrial cells (HES) in vitro and, following exposure to a short laser pulse, can be used to form transient vapor bubbles (plasmonic nanobubbles) capable of destroying a cell by mechanically disrupting the cell membrane. In this work, we compare the selective targeting capabilities of MUC1-targeted AuNPs using the human endometrial epithelial cell line HES and endometrial carcinoma cell lines HEC1A and HEC1B. In addition, we have used human MUC1-expressing transgenic mouse lines to examine the feasibility of using AuNP-214D4 targeting in mouse endometrium. These results demonstrate the potential use of MUC1-targetted AuNPs to detect and destroy, as well as deliver cargo, to MUC1 expressing tumors. (Supported by NIH grants HD29963 to DDC, and MD Anderson Gynecologic SPORE for Uterine Cancers 2 P50 CA098258-06 to DDC and RB). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 368. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-368
An Alternative Role for Acetylenes: Activation of Fluorobenzenes toward Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

Acetylenes are increasingly versatile functional groups for a range of complexity-building organic transformations and for the construction of desirable molecular architectures. Herein we disclose a previously underappreciated aspect of arylacetylene reactivity by utilizing alkynes as electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) for promoting nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. Reaction rates for the substitution of 4-(fluoroethynyl)benzenes by p-cresol were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and these rate data were used to determine substituent (Hammett) constants for terminal and substituted ethynyl groups. The synthetic scope of acetylene-activated SNAr reactions is broad; fluoroarenes bearing one or two ethynyl groups undergo high-yielding substitution with a variety of oxygen and arylamine nucleophiles.
Detection Of 8 Benzene Substances In Drinking Water By Headspace Capillary Gas Chromatography

Objective To study the methods for testing benzene substances in water comyles based on headspace-capillary gas chromatography,such as benzene,toluene,ethyl benzene,dimethyl of p-xylene and m-xylene and ο-xylene benzene,isopropyl benzene and styrene,and provide basis for detecting of these substances.Methods Using PE Clarus 600 gas chromatograph,flame ionization detector(FID),Elite-WAXETR(30m×0.25mm×0.25um) capillary column,headspace auto-sampler,we discussed the influential factors for assay results of this method,such as balance time,balance temperature,water salinity,and so on,also optimized chromatogram condition and headspace Injection condition.Results The determination of 8 benzene substances had finished in 11 minutes and the method had good selectivity.Good performance of a straight line equation was obtained in the concentration range 1～100μg/l,the relative coefficients were within 0.99～0.999,and the average recovery rates were within 91.1%～97.6%(n=6),the relative standard deviation were within 2.45%~3.49%(n=6),the minimum detectable level reached 0.5~1.5μg/l.Conclusion This method had some advantages including simple operation,good re-productivity and high accuracy,which could come up to detecting many volatile benzene substances in drinking water simultaneously.
TREATMENT OF THE SYSTEMIC MYCOTIC INFECTIONS.

Amphotericin B has been used clinically with unparalleled effectiveness in treatment of almost the entire spectrum of systemic mycotic infections. It has gained wide acceptance despite difficulties in administration and a high incidence of side effects. Its efficacy has spurred efforts to find the ideal antifungal chemo-therapeutic agent. Iodides are still the first choice for chemotherapy of sporotrichosis, particularly the cutaneolymphatic form. Sulfonamides continue to be the preferred drugs for treatment of nocardiosis. Nystatin is highly effective against forms of candidiasis in which direct application is possible.
Of Convents, Congressmen and Plessy v. Ferguson

The earliest diasporic Haitian communities in the United States were established at the beginning of the Haitian revolution of 1791 and remained in existence through the second and third generation, throughout the nineteenth century. These communities provide us with a social laboratory for an interpretive analysis of some aspects of the technology of subjugated local and transnational practices. While the sociology of everyday life with its focus on individual practices provides the analytical tools to bring human agency to the center of our sociological investigations, it is rather Foucault’s1 foray in the realm of ‘subjugated knowledges’, Geertz’s2 emphasis on ‘local knowledge’, and Deleuze and Guattari’s3 view of minority knowledge production as ‘minor literature’ that compel us to unveil the links between the micro-system of everyday practice and resistance and the macro-system of power.
Incumbents and Challengers: Indigenous Politics and the Adoption of Spanish Material Culture in Colonial Xaltocan, Mexico

Historical documents record instances in the 16th and 17th centuries in which elites from Xaltocan, an indigenous town in the northern Basin of Mexico, requested permission to wear Spanish clothes, carry swords, and ride horses. Spanish artifacts, especially tin-enameled serving vessels known as majolica, are found scattered in peripheral contexts in Xaltocan, but they are not associated with the main plaza or indigenous elite areas around the plaza. Combined, these data suggest that at least two groups of indigenous people adopted Spanish material culture with different goals and strategies in mind: upper elites who marked their bodies with the insignia of power (Spanish dress and weaponry), and lower elites or commoners who adopted Spanish ceramics in feasts for display that could help them subvert structures of power and move up in the social hierarchy.
Theoretical studies of current transport in interband tunnel structures using the effective bond orbital model

A model has been developed that incorporates realistic band structure calculations to describe carrier transport in interband tunnel structures based on the InAs/GaSb/AlSb material system. The light-hole, heavy-hole, and split-off valence bands, and the lowest conduction band, have been incorporated using the effective bond orbital model. The results of the present calculations are compared with those obtained using a two-band model in which only the lowest conduction band and the light-hole valence band have been included. It is found that heavy-hole states can introduce substantial hole-mixing effects in device structures containing GaSb valence-band quantum wells, and could have a significant influence on the current-voltage characteristics of interband devices. >
Focus on Elementary: Knowing and Growing With Mentor Texts

Writing is a crucial skill—one essential for success in academic work, as well as in the daily communication tasks through which we interact with the world. It has long been established that childr...
Semilattice transversals of regular bands II

A band is a regular band if and only if it can be embedded into a band in which every element belongs to a semilattice transversal.
Weight Normalization of College Women

(1928). Weight Normalization of College Women. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 450-453.