cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synchronous machine parameter estimation from standstill flux decay data

A time-domain system identification procedure to estimate the parameters of a 15-kVA salient pole synchronous machine from standstill test measurements is proposed. The test consists of a DC flux decay signal applied to the d-axis and q-axis of the machine. From the recorded responses to this signal, the admittance transfer function models and the equivalent circuit models are identified. The maximum likelihood algorithm is used to estimate the model parameter values, and the best-fit models are selected. The performance of the models is then evaluated using the standstill measured data. >
Metal Matrix Composites: Automotive Applications

A composite material is a manufactured material that consists of two or more physically and/or chemically distinct, suitably arranged phases with an interface separating them; the composite has characteristics not shown by any of the components in isolation. In this chapter, we provide a brief account of the processing, characteristics, and use of metal matrix composites in automotive vehicles. The term “automotive vehicles” includes passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, trucks, buses, recreational vehicles, and the like. Keywords: metal matrix composites; nanocomposites; lightweight materials; brakes
Reynolds adolescent depression scale-second edition: a reliable and useful instrument.

The authors conducted two studies to address issues of the dimensionality, scale reliability, and psychometric properties of scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-Second Edition (RADS-2; Reynolds, 2002) in samples of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. In Study 1 (N=262), they used bifactor analysis to further evaluate the general and specific components of the RADS-2. In Study 2 (N=196), they used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the fit of a 1-factor model, the original 4-factor model, a second-order model, and a bifactor model to a new sample data. In both studies, the total RADS-2 and content-specific subscale scores showed acceptable estimates of reliability (i.e., scale reliability estimates >.80). Estimates of concurrent validity were also examined. Scores of the RADS-2 total and content-specific subscale scores were useful in differentiating between the responses of youth with mood disorder diagnoses and those with other primary psychiatric disorder diagnoses. The authors also conducted correlation analyses to identify potential correlates for the total RADS-2 scale and the proposed subscale scores. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–22, 2010.
ESR spectra of copper complexes of cellulose

The ESR spectra of complexes of fibrous cotton cellulose and cupriammonia dihydroxide or cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide under various experimental conditions were determined. The spectra of both complexes with cotton cellulose were almost identical at −100 and 25°C. The spectrum of the complex of cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide with cellulose was stable to temperatures as high as 100°C. The sum of the linewidths of the hyperfine components of the spectra for each complex was about 180 gauss. Cotton fibers were combed and aligned with their axes (lengths) parallel to the magnetic field (B∥); after formation of either of the complexes with cellulose a minumum of hyperfine structure of components centered at H∥ was observed. A maximum of hyperfine structure of these components was observed when the complexed fibers were aligned with their axes perpendicular to the magnetic field (B⊥). The opposite was true of components centered at H⊥. For a complex of cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide and cellulose at 25°C. and at high pH the g∥ was 2.2127 and the g∥ was 2.0476. It was suggested that the alignment of most of the complex was its axis of symmetry at a maximum angle to the axes of the cotton fiber, when the axes of the fibers were in the parallel alignment with the magnetic field. At high pH these observations were even more marked. When ramie was used with cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide at high pH, the contribution of components centered at H∥ to the spectra was zero. Spectra for the copper compounds alone and complexed with cellobiose are also reported.
Rejecting the order of public reason

Gerald Gaus�s latest book achieves a remarkable, definitive development of the public reason project whose roots can be traced back to Locke and Kant and which had already attained its full expression in the later writing of John Rawls�or so we had thought! In fact Gaus takes a long step beyond Rawls. Gaus (2011). Page numbers enclosed in parentheses of the text refer to this book. For John Rawls on public reason, see especially his A Theory of Justice (1999); also Rawls (1996). In my view we should have a raised eyebrows response to the public reason project, but this does not gainsay Gaus�s achievement in rigorously working out its implications. The book develops an account of the justified imposition of moral constraints and, following that, of justified political arrangements. These comments focus on the former. Summary Like any genuinely original work, this one admits of quick summary. In everyday life, people make moral demands on each other, and claim a special authority in making
The role of provider attitudes in prescribing antidepressants to older adults: leverage points for effective provider education.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine if primary care provider knowledge of late-life depression, attitudes about treatment of depression in late life, and experience treating late-life depression affect the likelihood internists would prescribe antidepressants to older patients.Methods:This study was a primary care provider survey study. From a pool of 456 eligible mailed surveys, 253 providers completed (55% response rate) a survey assessing provider self-reported knowledge about treating late-life depression with antidepressants, their attitudes about older patients' acceptance and response to antidepressant medications, their professional and personal experience with antidepressant medication, and their comfort with prescribing antidepressants to older patients was created for this study.Results:Univariate analyses indicated that 75% of primary care providers were knowledgeable about the use of antidepressant treatment in older people, and 86% said they felt comfortable treating depres...
A Content Analysis of Opinions about the National Counselor Examination.

This study examined the degree of professional satisfaction among candidates taking the National Counselor Examination (NCE) between 1986 and 1990. A total of 383 written evaluative responses were analyzed and categorized using content analysis through a word-based frequency computer for the analysis of narrative responses.
Proteasome Inhibitor Reduces Astrocytic iNOS Expression and Functional Deficit after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with perihematoma inflammation and edema. We have recently shown cell death and a robust activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in brain areas adjacent to the hematoma. Proteasome represents a key component necessary for the activation of NF-κB. The aim of our present study was to examine if selective proteasome inhibition with a clinically relevant agent, PS-519, might influence the ICH pathogenesis, and improve functional outcome. ICH was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by the double blood injection method. PS-519 was administered intravenously 4 h and 15 min after induction of ICH. Behavioral testing was performed 3, 5, and 7 days later. The animals were sacrificed on day 7, and their brains were evaluated for hemorrhage size and inflammation using immunohistochemistry with antibody to various inflammatory markers. Treatment with PS-519 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced behavioral impairment post-ICH as determined by the footfault test. This effect was not due to difference in ICH volume. The improved functional status of PS-519 treated animals correlated positively (p < 0.01) with reduced expression of astroglial iNOS in areas adjacent to the hemorrhage 7 days post-ICH. No delayed changes in expression of OX-42 and ED-1 (microglia/macrophages marker), or vimentin (intermediate filament; marker of astroglia activation) were detected in animals treated with PS-519. This data suggests that modulation of proteasome-activated processes may represent a strategic target for treatment of ICH in humans.
Communicating hydrocephalus in rodents treated with beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN).

β,β′-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), a neurotoxic compound known to induce swellings in the proximal internodes of sensory and motor axons in several parts of the central nervous system (CNS), was also found to cause hydrocephalus in rats and guinea pigs. In both species, ventricular dilatation was observed within 1 week following a single i.p. injection of IDPN. While in rats the severity of hydrocephalus correlated with dose and duration of IDPN exposure, in guinea pigs studies with high doses yielded inconclusive results, and no significant temporal correlation was noted. Parallel investigations with another peurotoxic agent, acrylamide, in rats, and with IDPN in cats failed to demonstrate any change in size and shape of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. No signs of spontaneously occurring hydrocephalus were found in control animals. In both rats and guinea pigs intoxicated with IDPN, macroscopic and microscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of communicating hydrocephalus. Treatment of hydrocephalic rats with acetazolamide (500 mg/kg) markedly attenuated ventricular distention, suggesting that an overproduction of CSF by the choroid plexus is responsible for the communicating hydrocephalus following IDPN intoxication.
Efficient site directed in vitro mutagenesis using ampicillin selection

A novel plasmid vector pSELECT-1 is described which can be used for highly efficient site-directed in vitro mutagenesis. The mutagenesis method is based on the use of single-stranded DNA and two primers, one mutagenic primer and a second correction primer which corrects a defect in the ampicillin resistance gene on the vector and reverts the vector to ampicillin resistance. Using T4 DNA polymerase and T4 DNA ligase the two primers are physically linked on the template. The non-mutant DNA strand is selected against by growth in the presence of ampicillin. In tests of the vector, highly efficient (60-90%) mutagenesis was obtained.
PhotoArcs: ludic tools for sharing photographs

PhotoArcs is a framework for flexible creation of timeline displays of photographs, photo-narratives, and consistent, collaboratively-created metadata. The interface aims to enable easy and fun manipulation and sharing of digital photographs and stories, organized around chronological "arcs" of photographs, to encourage remote sharing and interaction. We describe the design of the interface and how the design has changed across three iterations. We also report on the results of an exploratory lowfidelity usability study with five participants and an expert evaluation and critique with eleven user experience researchers, and outline future directions for the PhotoArcs project.
An Effective Method for Spreading Flowable Composites in Resin-based Restorations

SUMMARY Cavity lining with flowable composites has been suggested for better marginal adaptation and a reduction in interfacial stress and post-operative sensitivity. The following in vitro study compares the spreading of flowable composite that lines the inner wall of a test cavity using an explorer and a specially designed smooth, oscillating, offcenter rotating bur spun at 300 to 600 rpm. Two commercial flowable materials were used in this study. Results: With use of the rotating bur, a more consistent, uniform cavity lining was achieved. This was not possible using the dental explorer. Conclusion: The specially designed rotating bur provides an effective way for clinicians to form a uniform cavity lining.
BARRIERS TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM: THE CASE OF NIGERIA

Nigeria's constitutional system explicitly establishes local autonomy as one of the principles of its “three tier” federalism. Over the thirty years of Nigerian Independence, however, there have been barriers to local government autonomy—even under civilian rule—that have prevented the constitutional ideal from being realized. Some of the barriers are holdovers from the traditional society and some are of contemporary origin. None of the barriers is as troublesome as the recurrent military rule.
Towards a History of Early Indo-European

SUMMARYThe author argues that Indo-Europeanists must now set out to produce a history of the language to upgrade the 'purely systematic form' of Brug-mann's Grundriss (1897: xi) and Meillet's 'correspondences that are the sole reality for the comparatist to study' ( 1937[ 1922]:viii). Residues provide evidence for reconstructing Pre-Indo-Euopean, the earlier stage of Proto-Indo-European. The dialects must be investigated to identify more of these, and for innovations that provide perspective on the earlier structure. Our knowledge of the various types of language, notably the active, enables us to interpret them. Such study will lead to improved understanding of the history of the dialects and also that of Proto-Indo-European.RESUMEL'auteur soutient que les indo-europeanistes doivent a l'heure actuelle entreprendre la creation d'une histoire de la langue afin d'avancer plus loin que la 'forme purement systematique' du Grundriss (1897: xi) de Brugmann et "les concordances sont la seule realite qu'ait a etudier le comparatiste" de Meillet ( 1937[ 1922]:viii). Les debris historiques sont des indices permettant de reconstruire le pre-indo-europeen, l'etat de langue le plus ancien de l'indo-europeen. Il faut examiner les dialectes afin d'en trouver davantage, ainsi que des innovations qui jettent de la lumiere sur cet etat de langue le plus ancien. Notre connaissance de divers types langagiers, notamment le type actif/statif, nous permettra d'interpreter ces faits. De telles etudes nous feront mieux comprendre l'histoire des divers dialectes de l'indo-europeen, comme celle de l'indo-europeen luimeme.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Autor dieses Artikels ist der Ansicht, daB es an der Zeit sei, eine Sprachgeschichte zu erstellen, die uber die Auffassung hinausgeht, die in Brugmanns Grundriss (1897: xi, i.e., daB man nur "bloBe systematische Formen" rekonstruiere) sowie in Meillets Introduction a l'etude comparative ( 1937 [ 1922] : viii: "les correspondances sont la seule realite qu'ait a etudier le comparatiste") vertreten wird. Ihm zufolge bieten strukturelle Uberreste nutzliche Hinweise zur Rekonstruktion der vor-indoeuropaischen Grund-sprache, der fruheren Entwicklungsstufe des Protoindoeuropaischen. Um dies zu bewerkstelligen, mussen nicht nur einzelne Dialekte untersucht werden, um weitere solche Uberreste aufzufinden, sondern auch Neuerungen, die einen Ruckblick auf fruhere Formen ermoglichen. Unsere Kenntnisse der verschiedenen Strukturtypen von Sprachen, insbesondere von sog. aktiven, ermoglichen uns deren Interpretation. Ein solches Studium fuhrt zu einem besseren Verstandnis der Geschichte der einzelnen Dialekte, und auch des Protoindoeuropaischen.
HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations

Hypoxia occurs frequently in human cancers and induces adaptive changes in cell metabolism that include a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, increased glycogen synthesis, and a switch from glucose to glutamine as the major substrate for fatty acid synthesis. This broad metabolic reprogramming is coordinated at the transcriptional level by HIF-1, which functions as a master regulator to balance oxygen supply and demand. HIF-1 is also activated in cancer cells by tumor suppressor (e.g., VHL) loss of function and oncogene gain of function (leading to PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity) and mediates metabolic alterations that drive cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Inhibitors of HIF-1 or metabolic enzymes may impair the metabolic flexibility of cancer cells and make them more sensitive to anticancer drugs.
Beta-Cauchy Distribution: Some Properties and Applications

Some properties of the four-parameter beta-Cauchy distribution such as the mean deviation and Shannon’s entropy are obtained. The method of maximum likelihood is proposed to estimate the parameters of the distribution. A simulation study is carried out to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates. The usefulness of the new distribution is illustrated by applying it to three empirical data sets and comparing the results to some existing distributions. The beta-Cauchy distribution is found to provide great flexibility in modeling symmetric and skewed heavy-tailed data sets.
Biomolecular Processing of Optical Signals Part I: General Principles

inherently different modes of processing to achieve hybrid systems with unique computational synergies. Part I ofthis two part paper addresses the conformational, kinetic, structural, and dynamic features of biomolecular systemsthat are pertinent to the processing of optical signals. Part II describes a simulation tool for studying the interactionof these factors and considers how this tool could in the future be used to design biomolecular devices capable of
Isolation and X-ray Structure of [Ir(CNBu t ) 5 H](PF 6 ) 2

Reaction of tert -butyl isocyanide with [Ir(COD)Cl] 2 and NH 4 PF 6 yields [Ir(CNBu t ) 5 H](PF 6 ) 2 ( 1 ). The hydride ligand is observed by both proton NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Complex 1 is triclinic, P-1, a = 11.307(3), b = 14.619(3), c = 15.486(3) A, f = 98.204(3), g = 106.851(3), n = 106.953(3)°, Z = 2, 6746 reflections [I S 2  (I)], R1 = 0.0397, w R 2 = 0.0984. The closest Ir-Ir interatomic distance within the crystal is 8.6 A. EPR and cyclic voltammetry studies also support the identity of 1 .
An analysis of MIS doctoral dissertations

The advancement of any field is accomplished largely by research directed at specific issues in that field. Research in management information systems (MIS) takes place, or is reported in (1) private studies that usually resuit in published articles, (2) doctoral dissertations, and (3) private or government funded research that may be reported in private publications, books, or articles. This paper reviews four MIS Ph.D. dissertation lists that were compiled by Scott Hamilton, Blake Ires, and Gordon Davis, covering the period 1972 through 1983 and reported in the MIS Quarterly. It describes the nature of the research conducted in the dissertation process, lists the fields and schools from which major work is being produced, and indicates some of the characteristics of those research efforts.
THE EFFECT OF SEQUENTIAL BATCHING FOR ACCEPTANCE-REJECTION SAMPLING UPON SAMPLE ASSURANCE OF TOTAL PRODUCT QUALITY

What can be said about over-all grand lot quality is examined on the basis of random samples from batches or sublots disposed of sequentially as they are produced. Assurance always depends upon how the sample is selected and upon assumptions (restrictive or otherwise) about the population from which the sample came. The wisdom of assuming that a statistically controlled process is a single process is questioned. Moreover, certain properties of the sample are pointed out, stratified as it is over time of production, and of the population it represents, decimated as it may be by rejection of some sublots; because of these properties, certain assurance statements based on such samples should not be expected from a vendor. A valid method is demonstrated for making the quality assurance statements that are possible on the basis of such samples. (auth)
Prostacyclin stimulation of the activation of blood coagulation factor X by platelets

When platelets were incubated with prostacyclin, prostaglandin E1, or prostaglandin D2 at concentrations insufficient to increase the level of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), coagulation factor X was activated by a platelet cysteine protease. Prostacyclin or prostaglandin E1 at higher concentrations increased the cyclic AMP level and inhibited the activation of factor X by platelets. Inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine allowed the activation of the protease at higher concentrations of the autocoids. Prostaglandins A1, A2, B1, B2, E2, F2 alpha, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2, which do not affect platelet cyclic AMP level, did not stimulate the protease.
Camera-robot transform for vision-guided tracking in a manufacturing work cell

The problem of camera calibration from the perspective of hand-eye integration (henceforth referred to as the Camera-Robot (CR) problem), is addressed in this paper. Mapping results obtained from a least-squares fit using pseudo-inverse technique and a three layer neural network are compared. The calibration matrix is developed to map the image coordinates of an IRI D256 vision processor equipped with a CCD camera directly on to the coordinates for an IBM 7540 SCARA manipulator. One transformation is obtained by performing a least-squares fit using pseudo-inverse technique on a set of one hundred data points which relates two-dimensional (2D) image coordinates to corresponding twodimensional robot coordinates. The CR problem is also approached by using the same data points on a neural network. The results not only demonstrate the ability of neural networks to ‘learn’ the transformation to a reasonable accuracy, but also from the basis for a relatively simple method of adaptive self-calibration of robot-vision systems. In a broader sense, the proposed method can be used to calibrate a variety of robotic sensors that are typically used in a flexible manufacturing environment.
INFERENCING IN ESL: PRESUPPOSITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF FACTIVE AND IMPLICATIVE PREDICATES

One aspect of pragmatic competence in a second language is the ability to draw correct inferences. Much of the information conveyed by a text, or even a single sentence, is not conveyed directly as the literal meaning of that text or sentence, but is rather conveyed only indirectly, as inferences which are to be drawn from the text or sentence. The process of comprehending a text or sentence, then, is at least partially the process of drawing correct inferences. If second language learners are to be said to have comprehended a text or sentence, they must also have drawn the correct inferences from it. The study reported in this paper, which included both advanced and high-intermediate ESL learners as well as a control group of native speakers, investigated the drawing of two types of inferences in ESL - presuppositions and implications -from English sentences containing factive and implicative predicates (Kiparsky and Kiparsky 1970; Karttunen 1971). Results of the study, which are compared to earlier empirical studies of fully proficient native speakers of English (Just and Clark 1973; Vosniadou 1982), show the ESL learners are in the process of acquiring this aspect of pragmatic ability in English. Specific results reveal better comprehension of implied meaning over presupposed meaning, better performance on semantically positive predicates than on semantically negative predicates, and an interaction between inference type (implication versus presupposition) and predicate polarity (positive versus negative). These results are explained in terms of previous research on the distinction between given and new information. Additional research is proposed and potential pedagogical implications are also discussed.
Determination of abamectin in soil samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Abamectin, which is comprised of a mixture of avermectins B 1 a and B 1 b , is a natural pesticide used as an anti-parasitic agent in livestock, ornamental, and agricultural crops, which can potentially be transported to aquatic systems. These compounds are highly toxic to both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates at low concentrations in water. This investigation developed high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) techniques to support automated extraction by an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE") system and chromatographic techniques to measure residues of avermectins in complex soil samples. HPLC along with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS/MS was used for separation and determination of avermectin isomers in soil samples. Average method recovery for abamectin by UV was 91%, while detection by MS/MS resulted in a 68% recovery for abamectin. Individual method recoveries by MS/MS were 53.6% for avermectin B 1 a and 36.8% for avermectin B 1 b . The use of tandem technology eliminated matrix interferences and resulted in an approximately eight-fold increase in sensitivity.
The Transnational State and Empire: U.S. Certification in the Mexican Mango and Persian Lime Industries

The US-Mexico Mango and Lime export industries illustrate the impact of US food certification on rural Mexican society and in the structure of production, packing, and transport of export fruit for the US Market. US Certification is a hemispheric process that does not take regional or local diversity in production and distribution into account. Mango producers and distributors throughout the Republic have incorporated the USDA and FDA protocol, while in Lime production areas of Veracruz, certification has been met with fear, misunderstanding and staunch resistance. This article outlines the complex change that has occurred in the Mango export system over the last 15 years and compares this with the recent introduction of US certification for limes that threatens a complex regional system of distribution and buying. In addition to the challenge posed to Mexican sovereignty, these cases illustrate unintended consequences of NAFTA and the increased stratification of Mexican Agriculture. I argue that US imperatives need be viewed in a larger pattern of transnational and systemic control that suggests new forms of post-colonialism.
Fatal diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with sirolimus after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Fatal diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with sirolimus after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Coxofemoral Luxation in the Dog and Cat

The medical records from 95 cases of coxofemoral luxation in dogs and cats were reviewed. Unilateral craniodorsal luxation was most common, (78.1% of dogs, 72.7% of cats). Trauma from being struck by an automobile was the most frequent cause (59.0%). Treatment was closed (manual) or open (surgical) reduction. The failure rate following single closed reduction was 64.8%. The surgical reduction procedure included capsular repair (capsulorrhaphy) via a craniolateral approach to the hip or via trochanteric osteotomy or gluteal tenotomy. The success rate following reduction via the craniolateral approach was 82%; no failure was recorded with trochanteric transposition, but reluxa-tion followed the single gluteal tenotomy. The Ehmer sling was the most common external fixation and was kept in place an average of 12.5 days. Thirty-three animals were available for follow-up, and no difference was recorded in limb function between the two groups of animals treated by closed vs surgical reduction. Patients with degenerative joint disease at the time of luxation were less likely to be successfully reduced; 64.3% of these animals were eventually treated by femoral head and neck excision. Thirty-eight patients had associated major injuries. Long-term follow-up results were better in those patients with concomitant orthopedic injuries than in those without other injuries.
Disproportionate pupillary involvement in diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Objective To study the degree of pupillary impairment in diabetic and non-diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Observation and Analysis of K − Interactions

In nuclear emulsions, 289 ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons were observed. The mass and lifetime of ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons is the same as that of ${K}^{+}$ mesons. The ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mean free path in nuclear emulsion is geometric. Charge-exchange scattering and inelastic ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-nucleus scattering are rare. Positive hyperons are emitted in 8% of ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ capture stars, negative hyperons in about 9%, hyperfragments in 5%. It is estimated that a ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ is trapped without production of a visible hyperfragment in an additional 8%. A ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is captured by one nucleon with formation of a $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ hyperon and a pion in about 0.77 of the cases, with creation of a ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ and a pion in approximately 0.18 of the events. Capture by two nucleons occurs in roughly 0.05 of the cases. From a comparison of production and emission frequencies of $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ hyperons it is concluded that an attractive nuclear potential for $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ hyperons must be less than 20 Mev. Limits for the mean free paths for ordinary scattering, for charge-exchange scattering, and for absorption of $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ hyperons in nuclear matter are given. The trapping of ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}$ hyperons in nuclei is discussed.
Improved synthesis of (R)-glycine-d-15N

Abstract Previously, we have synthesized the title glycine to permit assignment of the prochiral α-protons of glycine residues in the NMR study of the protein FKBP. A key, and low yielding step in this synthesis occurs in the ruthenium tetraoxide mediated degradation of N-t-Boc-p-methoxybenzyl amine to N-t-Boc-glycine. Efforts to improve this key step by exploring different substrates and N-protecting groups were successful to render this synthesis amenable for the large scale production of (R)-glycine-d-15N.
Urban Planning, Smart Growth, and Economic Calculation: An Austrian Critique and Extension

This paper takes a critical look at the Smart Growth movement and its reliance on traditional central planning to achieve its goals. Using statewide planning in Oregon, Florida, and Washington State as examples, the paper examines the planning focus of recent efforts to manage growth through land-use planning at the state level. It then applies the Austrian critique of economic planning to the contemporary Smart Growth movement in the United States as it is reflected in statewide planning laws. The calculation debate focused primarily on the technical question of whether bureaucratic planning could, in fact, achieve market outcomes. In the current debate over Smart Growth, planning combines political and bureaucratic decisionmaking. The political context in which planning decisions are made fundamentally alters the decision making process, shifting the emphasis to articulate knowledge as the foundation for policymaking. To be relevant in the current debate over planning, the calculation debate needs to be extended to include a political dimension to its critique of planning.
Electrospun glassy carbon ultra-thin layer chromatography devices

Abstract The development and application of electrospun glassy carbon nanofibers for ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) are described. The carbon nanofiber stationary phase is created through the electrospinning and pyrolysis of SU-8 2100 photoresist. This results in glassy carbon nanofibers with diameters of ∼200–350 nm that form a mat structure with a thickness of ∼15 μm. The chromatographic properties of UTLC devices produced from pyrolyzed SU-8 heated to temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000 °C are described. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the physical and molecular structure of the nanofibers at each temperature. A set of six laser dyes was examined to demonstrate the applicability of the devices. Analyses of the retention properties of the individual dyes as well as the separation of mixtures of three dyes were performed. A mixture of three FITC-labeled essential amino acids: lysine, threonine and phenylalanine, was examined and fully resolved on the carbon UTLC devices as well. The electrospun glassy carbon UTLC plates show tunable retention, have plate number, N , values above 10,000, and show physical and chemical robustness for a range of mobile phases.
Large-scale activity in neural nets I: Theory with application to motoneuron pool responses

A formalism is developed for the analysis of large scale activity in neural nets. This formalism is applied to the description of slowly changing activity in spatially homogeneous motoneuron pools. It is shown that the formalism provides a reasonably accurate representation of ? motoneuron transients.
Real-Time Ultrasound-Aided Central Vein Cannulation Failure Rate: Establishing a Benchmark

The use of real-time two-dimensional B-mode ultrasound (RTUS)-aided central venous access device (CVAD) insertion has been recommended by health-care agencies, but a realistic failure rate for bedside attempts is unknown. The failure rate of RTUS-aided CVAD insertion is estimated using data from adult inpatients and outpatients referred to a tertiary referral radiology department for a new CVAD insertion during the 2.5-year period ending February 29, 2008. Cannulation failure, complications, and additional fluoroscopic interventions per central vein cannulation attempt and per patient encounter were retrospectively collected and evaluated. Of the 2456 consecutive patient encounters, the index central vein cannulation failure rate using only RTUS and fluoroscopy was 4.8%; ultimate failure rate was 0.3%. The procedural mortality rate was 0.04%. If the index upper-body central vein cannulation failed, an ipsilateral upper-body attempt through a different central vein failed in 63.6%, whereas a contralateral upper-body attempt failed in 26.7% (p = 0.11) and a common femoral vein attempt failed in 11.5% (p = 0.0039). The minimum bedside failure rate of RTUS-aided CVAD insertion is 4.8% for the index central vein cannulated. The ultimate failure rate of 0.3% and the mortality rate of 0.04% are due to RTUS, fluoroscopy, and the additional equipment available in an IR suite. If the upper-body index central vein cannulation fails, cannulation of the common femoral vein is more likely to succeed than additional attempts in other ipsilateral upper-body central veins.
Sexual Orientation and Counselor Competency: The Impact of Training on Enhancing Awareness, Knowledge and Skills

ABSTRACT The current study explored the potential impact of a training program on graduate counseling students' competency to serve lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients. In this pilot study, the Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale (SOCCS; Bidell, 2005) was administered to students enrolled in a counselor education program. Results indicated that the training program had a positive impact upon the competency areas of knowledge and skills as measured by the SOCCS. The benefits of incorporating an LGB counselor competency component in training modules to serve the LGB community are discussed. Ways for counselor educators and supervisors to enhance their own LGB competencies and help their student's ability to meet the needs of LGB clients are also presented.
A small-scale procedure for extracting nucleic acids from woody plants infected with various phytopathogens for PCR assay

The complexity of most nucleic acid extraction procedures limits the number of samples that can be easily processed for analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A simple, small-scale procedure was developed which can be carried out entirely in 1.5-ml microfuge tubes whereby the container and contents are frozen with liquid nitrogen, tissue is pulverized, and targeted nucleic acids are extracted. DNA of bacterial and phytoplasmal plant pathogens was extracted in hot CTAB buffer followed by chloroform clarification. Following centrifugation, the DNA in the aqueous fraction was precipitated with isopropanol and resuspended in water. RNA originating from viruses and viroids was extracted from triturated tissue using STE buffer and phenol. The nucleic acid fraction was purified using CF-11 cellulose. All purified preparations were used as PCR or RT-PCR templates to detect DNA or RNA, respectively. These procedures were used to detect Xylella fastidiosa, peach yellow leaf roll phytoplasma, sour cherry green ring mottle virus, and peach latent mosaic viroid by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Bottom-up copper deposition in alkaline electrolytes

Superconformal electrodeposition enables the fabrication of high aspect ratio interconnects that are ubiquitous in microelectronics. The Curvature Enhanced Accelerator Coverage (CEAC) mechanism captures the morphological and kinetic aspects of many “superfilling” processes for Damascene interconnect fabrication [1–4]. Present superfilling copper electrolytes are acidic. Alkaline chemistries might rely on a non-CEAC filling mechanism.
Linear Programming Approaches for Multiple-Class Discriminant and Classification Analysis

New linear programming approaches are proposed as nonparametric procedures for multiple-class discriminant and classification analysis. A new MSD model minimizing the sum of the classification errors is formulated to construct discriminant functions. This model has desirable properties because it is versatile and is immune to the pathologies of some of the earlier mathematical programming models for two-class classification. It is also purely systematic and algorithmic and no user ad hoc and trial judgment is required. Furthermore, it can be used as the basis to develop other models, such as a multiple-class support vector machine and a mixed integer programming model, for discrimination and classification. A MMD model minimizing the maximum of the classification errors, although with very limited use, is also studied. These models may also be considered as generalizations of mathematical programming formulations for two-class classification. By the same approach, other mathematical programming formulations for two-class classification can be easily generalized to multiple-class formulations. Results on standard as well as randomly generated test datasets show that the MSD model is very effective in generating powerful discriminant functions.
The Genus Stylolidia Nielson in Thailand Including One New Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellinae: Coelidiinae)

The two species of Stylolidia that are found in Thailand are discussed, including one new species S. khaoensis. A key to the three known species of the genus is also included.
The Integration of Pitch and Rhythm in Musical Judgment: Testing Age-Related Trends in Novice Listeners.

Results of a previous study revealed that musically untrained listeners showed a significant, age-related increase in their sensitivity to rhythmic information when judging the degree of difference between a theme and selected pitch and rhythm variations. There was no corresponding increase in their sensitivity to pitch information, and there were no age-related differences in the overall integration process used to reach their judgments. The purpose of this study was to test the possibility that the developmental differences found in the earlier study were due to specific characteristics of the test melody used. Musical novices were randomly sampled from Grades 1, 5, and 9 of three elementary schools and three high schools from three different suburban school districts. Adult musical novices were chosen from elementary education majors tested at the beginning of their required music course. Results using a new, contrasting test melody confirmed the findings of the first study regarding the increased impo...
Effects of phosphatase inhibitors and a protein phosphatase on norepinephrine secretion by permeabilized bovine chromaffin cells.

Abstract A protein phosphatase and phosphatase inhibitors were used to examine the role of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of norepinephrine secretion in digitonin-permeabilized bovine chromaffin cells. Addition of okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases, or 1-naphthylphosphate, a more general phosphatase inhibitor, to digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells caused about a 100% increase in the amount of norepinephrine secreted in the absence of Ca2+ (in 5 mM EGTA) without affecting the amount of norepinephrine secreted in the presence of 10 μM free Ca2+. This stimulation of norepinephrine secretion by protein phosphatase inhibitors suggests that in the absence of Ca2+ there is a slow rate phosphorylation and that this phosphorylation triggers secretion. Addition of an exogenous type 2A protein phosphatase caused almost a 50% decrease in Ca2+-dependent norepinephrine secretion. Thus, the amounts of norepinephrine released both in the absence of Ca2+ and in the presence of Ca2+ appear to depend upon the level of protein phosphorylation.
Extinction as a function of number of reinforced trials and squad composition

Number of reinforced trials (40 vs 64), Ng, and squad composition (M vs H) were factorially manipulated. Two H squads were composed of Ss homogeneous with respect to the Ng variable while Ss from the 40 and 64 condition were alternated in running order within M squads. Faster speeds for M as compared with H conditions in extinction were interpreted as reflecting previous reinforcement in M groups of odor cues present in extinction.
Intramural and Pericapillary Distribution of Lipids in Gingival Tissue of Patients with Carbohydrate-Induced Hyperglyceridemia

Gingival biopsy was performed on 16 patients with carbohydrate-induced hyperglyceridemia, in the attempt to discover histological abnormalities in the capillaries. For comparison, similar studies were also made on four patients with essential familial hypercholesteremia, on five whose hyperglyceridemia had been kept under control by a low carbohydrate diet for 6 to 26 months, and on eight healthy, normolipemic subjects. Variable amounts of Oil Red O-stainable lipid material were demonstrated both in and around the capillary wall in 13 of the 16 untreated hyperglyceridemic patients. Little or no such lipid-staining material was demonstrated in the biopsy material obtained from the remaining groups of subjects so studied. Microangiopathy of the pre-diabetic and diabetic type characterized by capillary basement membrane thickening was not demonstrated in any of the hyperlipemic patients in this series. Evidence is presented to support the concept that a sustained chylomicronemia is the primary factor in the production of the intramural and pericapillary collection of Oil Red O-staining lipids in these hyperglyceridemic patients.
Distribution of vibrational modes in an amorphous linear chain

Abstract The vibrations of an amorphous linear chain are studied using the Truncated T-Matrix approximation of Berk et al. Calculations of the distribution of vibrational modes of an amorphous linear chain show excellent agreement with exact numerical results throughout the entire frequency range.
Inhibitors removal from bio-oil aqueous fraction for increased ethanol production

Utilization of 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose (levoglucosan) present (11% w/v) in the water fraction of bio-oil for ethanol production will facilitate improvement in comprehensive utilization of total carbon in biomass. One of the major challenges for conversion of anhydrous sugars from the bio-oil water fraction to bio-ethanol is the presence of inhibitory compounds that slow or impede the microbial fermentation process. Removal of inhibitory compounds was first approached by n-butanol extraction. Optimal ratio of n-butanol and bio-oil water fraction was 1.8:1. Removal of dissolved n-butanol was completed by evaporation. Concentration of sugars in the bio-oil water fraction was performed by membrane filtration and freeze drying. Fermentability of the pyrolytic sugars was tested by fermentation of hydrolyzed sugars with Saccharomyces pastorianus lager yeast. The yield of ethanol produced from pyrolytic sugars in the bio-oil water fraction reached a maximum of 98% of the theoretical yield.
Postdoctoral fellows: A diminishing supply

Highlighting the modern concept of what used to be positions of status are descriptive terms such as the ‘perennial postdoc.’ The research scientists with new Ph.D. degrees in hand that were awarded postdoctoral fellowships have been likened to ‘planes… stacked in a holding pattern’ (E. M. Leeper, Acad. News Rep., 31, p. 3, 1981). In the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology a situation of ‘extended appointments’ for postdocs still exists because of a lack of full-time positions at the Ph.D. level. The situation in the earth sciences contrasts sharply. Recent hiring patterns by petroleum and mining companies and by the federal government have followed a quickened pace. Geoscientists at the bachelors' and masters' levels are going directly into industry. Graduates in earth science with Ph.D. degrees are accepting research positions in industrial and government laboratories and thus are bypassing the postdoctoral experience. As a consequence, the number of graduate students and postdocs in earth science academic departments has fallen sharply over the past year.
The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500-700

This book offers an alternative approach to the problem of Slavic ethnicity in south-eastern Europe between c. 500 and c. 700, from the perspective of current anthropological theories. The conceptual emphasis here is on the relation between material culture and ethnicity. The author demonstrates that the history of the Sclavenes and the Antes begins only at around 500 AD. He also points to the significance of the archaeological evidence, which suggests that specific artefacts may have been used as identity markers. This evidence also indicates the role of local leaders in building group boundaries and in leading successful raids across the Danube. Because of these military and political developments, Byzantine authors began employing names such as Sclavines and Antes in order to make sense of the process of group identification that was taking place north of the Danube frontier. Slavic ethnicity is therefore shown to be a Byzantine invention.
Statistical evaluation of internal and external mass calibration laws utilized in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

The statistical evaluation of two common and three new calibration laws utilized in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry are presented. Electrospray ionization was used to prepare a series of mass spectra of ammonium-adducted polypropylene glycol (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 1000 Da. The singly charged PPG-1000 oligomers allowed for the description of a broad range of m/z and abundance values within each mass spectrum. The hexapole accumulation time was varied to afford a range of total ion abundance values of about an order of magnitude. To examine each of the calibration laws, we utilized cross-validation both “within-spectrum” and “between-spectra” for internally and externally calibrated data, respectively. In addition, we used t-statistics to ensure that each calibration coefficient was statistically significant and necessary to accurately describe the variation in the data. In comparison to commonly used calibration laws for internal calibration, our new calibrati...