cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Professionalism, responsibility, and service in academic medicine

Background Academic medical centers have responded to health care reform initiatives by launching a series of strategic plans designed to maintain patient flow and reduce hospital expenditures. Thought is also being given to processes by which the faculty can individually and collectively adjust to these changes and maintain morale at a time when reductions in the labor force and pay cuts are virtually certain. Physicians are concerned because managed care threatens their autonomy and jeopardizes the traditional ways in which they have carried out their multiple missions. Some doctors believe that it will become increasingly difficult to obtain genuine satisfaction from their job. Methods The strategies that academic medical centers have begun to use to address the numerous challenges posed by a system of health care based on managed competition are reviewed. Potential mechanisms by which academic departments can continue to find fulfillment in an environment that threatens their traditional missions and values are discussed. Results A study of the social and historical origins of medicine in the United States reveals that the introduction of corporate medicine in the United States was destined to happen. Strategies implemented by academic medical centers in response to managed care include building an integrated delivery network, the acquisition of primary care practices, increasing cost-effectiveness, and creating physician-hospital organizations. Emphasis must be placed on integrating traditional core values (excellence, leadership, and innovation) with newer values such as patient focus, accountability, and diversity. A shift from rugged individualism to entrepreneurial teamwork is crucial. These reforms, although frightening at the onset, can serve to reaffirm our commitment to academic medicine and preserve our mission. Conclusions The evolving managed care environment offers unique opportunities for academic medical centers to shape and positively impact health care delivery in the twenty-first century. In a reconfigured model that combines core values with newer values, university-based physicians can continue to reap the intangible rewards derived from patient care, research, and education.
Patterns of conditioned unit responses in the auditory system of the rat

Abstract Short-latency unit changes in the auditory pathway of the rat during learning of a differential classical conditioning task with tones as the stimuli and food as the reward have been reported. It is possible that the changes in individual animals at the beginning of the conditioning trials could have been produced by abrupt shifts in the state of the animal. The present experiment was therefore carried out with the aim of finding out (i) whether acquisition-related unit changes take place in the medial geniculate, inferior colliculus, and posterior nucleus, and if so, what kind of changes; (ii) which types of changes are likely to be associative, using criteria more restrictive than those used previously; (iii) the latency of the changes; and (iv) the pattern of change in the different brain regions. Using the present method of analysis, the findings indicate the presence of acquisition-related increments of an associative nature with latencies between 20 and 50 ms. Changes with shorter latencies that met all the criteria for associativeness were not found, but could have been masked. Different types of increments were found in the different regions sampled and in some subdivisions within the medial geniculate, perhaps indicating activity of different cell groups.
Coexistence of Buckled and Flat Monolayers

The minimum surface tension and respreadability of a surfactant monolayer is limited by a two to three dimensional instability called collapse. Liquid-condensed or solid phase monolayers collapse via fracture followed by loss of material. Liquid-expanded phase monolayers collapse by solubilization into the subphase. Monolayers that retain a continuous liquid-expanded phase network surrounding islands of liquid-condensed or solid phase collapse at low surface tensions via a localized, large amplitude buckling. The buckled regions coexist with the flat monolayer, remain attached to the interface, and reversibly reincorporate into the monolayer upon expansion.
Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: A review of evidence and experience

Peer support is largely considered to represent a recent advance in community mental health, introduced in the 1990s as part of the mental health service user movement. Actually, peer support has its roots in the moral treatment era inaugurated by Pussin and Pinel in France at the end of the 18th century, and has re-emerged at different times throughout the history of psychiatry. In its more recent form, peer support is rapidly expanding in a number of countries and, as a result, has become the focus of considerable research. Thus far, there is evidence that peer staff providing conventional mental health services can be effective in engaging people into care, reducing the use of emergency rooms and hospitals, and reducing substance use among persons with co-occurring substance use disorders. When providing peer support that involves positive self-disclosure, role modeling, and conditional regard, peer staff have also been found to increase participants’ sense of hope, control, and ability to effect changes in their lives; increase their self-care, sense of community belonging, and satisfaction with various life domains; and decrease participants’ level of depression and psychosis.
Pentazocine - Naloxone: Another “Addiction-Proof Drug of Abuse”

Pentazocine, in combination with the antihistamine tripelennamine, was a popular drug of intravenous abuse in many large cities in the late 1970s and early 1980s. To stem the abuse of pentazocine, naloxane was added to the tablet. This would presumably allow oral activity, but naloxone would block the euphoria if the pills were injected. Abuse of pentazocine appears to have diminished, but we have recently treated three addicts who continued to inject pentazocine, despite its naloxone content. Two patients experienced no overall decrease in the drug-induced euphoria. The third patient became acutely psychotic with each injection. Hypotheses are advanced to explain these findings.
Impact of High Night-Time and High Daytime Temperature Stress on Winter Wheat

High temperature is a major environmental factor that limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Climate models predict greater increases in night-time temperature than in daytime temperature. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of high daytime and high night-time temperatures during anthesis on physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration, leaf level photosynthesis, and membrane damage), biochemical (reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and antioxidant capacity in leaves), growth and yield traits of wheat genotypes. Winter wheat genotypes (Ventnor and Karl 92) were grown at optimum temperatures (25/15 °C, maximum/minimum) until the onset of anthesis. Thereafter, plants were exposed to high night-time (HN, 25/ 24 °C), high daytime (HD, 35/15 °C), high daytime and night-time (HDN, 35/ 24 °C) or optimum temperatures for 7 days. Compared with optimum temperature, HN, HD and HDN increased ROS concentration and membrane damage and decreased antioxidant capacity, photochemical efficiency, leaf level photosynthesis, seed set, grain number and grain yield per spike. Impact of HN and HD was similar on all traits. Greater impact on seed set, grain number and grain yield per spike was observed at HDN compared with HN and HD. These results suggest that HN and HD during anthesis cause damage of a similar magnitude to winter wheat.
SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF A BACTERIAL UV ENDONUCLEASE AND THE OVERLAP WITH IN VITRO PHOTOENZYMATIC REPAIR

— The action of an endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus, that operates on ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage, overlaps greatly with that of the yeast photoreactivating enzyme: homo and hetero cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in DNA are substrate for both enzymes, but pyrimidine adducts or the ‘spore photoproduct’ in DNA are not. As expected from this overlap, the action of the two enzymes is mutually interfering: single-strand nicks introduced by the endonuclease effectively preclude photoreactivation; conversely, formation of a photoreactivating enzyme-dimer complex can prevent nicking by the UV endonuclease. While complex formation between photoreactivating enzyme and dimers in UV-endonuclease-treated DNA is apparently normal, the light-dependent repair step either fails to occur or proceeds at a very low rate. Hence, besides the requirement of a minimum chain length for the function of the photoreactivating enzyme, there is the additional restriction on the position of the dimer in a polynucleotide strand. Finally, rough approximations of the rate constants, k1 and k2, for the UV endonuclease indicate that the in vitro UV-endonuclease-dimer complex is relatively unstable, with dissociation of the complex being more probable than hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond.
Comparative meta-analysis of balloon-expandable and self-expandable valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Abstract Background Balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) and self-expandable valves (SEVs) are two major types of valves utilized for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We conducted a meta-analysis of available studies to compare the safety and efficacy of these two valve types. Methods Medline search was conducted using standard search terms to determine eligible studies. Primary outcomes of the meta-analysis included death and stroke at 30days and 1year. Pooled estimates of procedural outcomes were also compared between the valve types. Analysis was performed for entire cohort and separately for patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR (TF-TAVR). Results Analysis of entire cohort revealed similar 30-day mortality in the SEV and BEV cohorts. There was no significant difference in the incidence of stroke at 30days between the two study groups. Both pooled comparisons demonstrated a significant heterogeneity with I 2 >50%, necessitating the use of random effect modeling. We observed a significantly higher incidence of new pacemaker implantation, aortic regurgitation≥2+ at 30days, valve embolization, and need for >1 valve following SEV implantation compared with BEV implantation. Analysis of TF-TAVR cohort showed higher 30day [IRR (95% CI): 1.34 (1.19–1.52)] but a similar 1-year mortality [IRR (95% CI): 1.07 (0.96–1.19)] for SEV compared to BEV implantation. Conclusion Compared to BEV implantation, SEV implantation was associated with a similar risk of mortality and stroke at 30-day and 1-year follow-up duration. Analysis of the TF-TAVR cohort revealed a significantly higher mortality at 30days among patients undergoing SEV implantation, compared with BEV implantation. In addition, there was a significantly higher incidence of other adverse events noted above, following SEV implantation, compared with BEV implantation.
Interpersonal Style Moderates the Effect of Dating Violence on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

Over a quarter of young women have experienced some form of violence within a dating relationship. The experience of dating violence is associated with problems in psychological functioning, including symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, not all women who experience dating violence exhibit anxious or depressive symptoms. One factor that may influence symptom expression is interpersonal style. In this study, we examined the main and moderating effects of dimensions of interpersonal style (dominance and warmth) on the association between dating violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Warmth exhibited a main effect on anxious and depressive symptoms over and above the effects of dating violence and other life stressors. Dominance moderated the association between dating violence and anxious and depressive symptoms. When levels of dating violence were high, women with higher levels of dominance reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than women with lower dominance. These results indicated that whereas high warmth was associated with fewer
Restrictions on goal-driven searches using rigorously inverted artificial neural network models

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and expert systems are on opposite ends of the artificial intelligence (AI) spectrum. Goal-driven and data-driven search strategies are commonly used in expert systems. The equivalent of a data-driven search strategy is commonly employed with ANNs, both in chemical engineering and in other industrial applications. The only version of a goal-driven strategy now used with artificial neural networks takes the form of inverse plant dynamic models. In industrial applications, these models have proven inadequate. Using matrix pseudoinversion, a mathematically rigorous method of inverting a feedforward neural network has been developed. This inverted network offers a new approach to goal-driven searches with neural networks. Limitations to this approach are posed by network topology, by matrix colinearity, and by differences among neural network output functions. >
Does Knowledge Management Pay Off

The resource-based theory of the firm attributes superior firm performance to organizational resources that are valuable, rare, irreplaceable, and not readily reproduced. Aligned with this theory, this study examines the widely expressed notion that knowledge management (KM) competencies form a critical organizational resource that contributes to firm performance. Specifically, the current study addresses the question: does KM pay off? Using the findings of an independent research company and the data from COMPUSTAT, this study empirically examines the relationship between KM performance and firm performance in terms of both profit and cost ratios. Matched Sample Comparison Group (MSCG) methodology is employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study suggest that firms with superior KM performance are likely to enjoy higher profitability ratios and lower cost ratios.
INTEGRATED CO2 CORROSION - MULTIPHASE FLOW MODEL

An integrated CO2 corrosion – multiphase flow model was built which takes into account the effect of most important variables. The model is mechanistic in nature and resides on clear theoretical foundations. All the assumptions in the model are explicitly stated and are open to future adjustments and improvements. The overall model was extensively verified with a large experimental database and was able to perform reasonably well in all cases. The multiphase flow model was also benchmarked against a well-established commercial package.
Plasma Membrane Localization Is Required for RasA-Mediated Polarized Morphogenesis and Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus

Ras is a highly conserved GTPase protein that is essential for proper polarized morphogenesis offilamentous fungi. Localization of Ras proteins to the plasma membrane and endomembranes through posttranslational addition of farnesyl and palmitoyl residues is an important mechanism through which cells provide specificity to Ras signal output. Although the Aspergillus fumigatusRasA protein is known to be a major regulator of growth and development, the membrane distribution of RasA during polarized morphogenesis and the role of properly localized Ras signaling in virulence of a pathogenic mold remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that Aspergillus fumigatus RasA localizes primarily to the plasma membrane of actively growing hyphae. We show that treatment with the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate disrupts normal RasA plasma membrane association and decreases hyphal growth. Targeted mutations of the highly conserved RasA palmitoylation motif also mislocalized RasA from the plasma membrane and led to severe hyphal abnormalities, cell wall structural changes, and reduced virulence in murine invasive aspergillosis. Finally, we provide evidence that proper RasA localization is independent of the Ras palmitoyltransferase homolog, encoded by erfB, but requires the palmitoyltransferase complex subunit, encoded by erfD. Our results demonstrate that plasma membrane-associated RasA is critical for polarized morphogenesis, cell wall stability, and virulence in A. fumigatus. T heRasGTPasesaremembrane-associatedbinaryswitchesthat controltheactivityofamultitudeofsignaltransductionpathways.SpecificityofRassignaloutputoccursinpartviasubcellular localization of the Ras protein to various membranes, as well as through compartmentalization to specific regions with the membrane (23, 37). Differential localization of Ras proteins is accomplished through posttranslational modification of the hypervariable domain, the region in which Ras homologs are most divergent. The hypervariable domains of nascent Ras proteins contain an extreme C-terminal “CAAX” motif that serves as a recognition sequence for cytoplasmic farnesyltransferase (5). The farnesyltransferase enzyme modifies the CAAX motif by addition of a farnesyl lipid moiety to the cysteine residue. Farnesyl modification has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for direction of the Ras protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes(5).Oncelocalizedtotheendomembranesystem,Ras
Yield Response of Needle-and-Thread and Threadleaf Sedge to Moisture Regime and Spring and Fall Defoliation

Abstract Little information is available to help managers of cool-season dominated semiarid rangelands determine when to begin and end grazing in the spring and fall. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of clipping spring and fall growth on subsequent-year yield of needle-and-thread (Hesperostipa comata [Trin. & Rupr.] Barkworth) and threadleaf sedge (Carex filifolia Nutt.) (USDA-NRCS 2012) using a randomized complete block, split-plot experimental design with fall moisture regimes (ambient or supplemental water) applied to main plots and defoliation treatments applied to subplots. Two combinations of spring defoliation, one for each fall moisture regime, were composed of a factorial array of three spring clipping dates (early May, late May, mid-June) and three levels of defoliation (0%, 40%, 80%). A third combination of treatments was composed of the supplemental water regime and an array of a single spring clipping date (late May), a single fall clipping date (late September, after regrowth), and three ...
Metal oxide nanowires for biochemical gas sensing

Interest in nanowires of semiconducting oxides is exponentially grown in the last years, due to their attracting potential applications in electronic, optical and sensor field. We have focused our attention on the sensing properties of metal oxide nanowires as conductometric and optical gas sensors and conductometric DNA sensor. Single crystal nanostructures were synthesized with the aim of exploring and studying their capabilities as nanosized sensors in form of multi nanowires sensors.
Modeling, identification, and control of flexible structures

The initial results of efforts in the modeling identification, and control of flexible structures, and the four experimental setups in various stages of construction are described. They are a single-link flexible beam, a two-dimensional flexible plate, a two-link flexible manipulator, and a five-axis flexibly jointed robot. For the most mature structure, the single-link flexible beam, the authors develop a general nonlinear dynamical model and its discretized and control results. >
Scale‐dependent interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic processes reduce variability in protist populations

Interactions between intrinsic processes and extrinsic fluctuations can positively impact population persistence in ways often not predicted by classic ecological models. These interactions only arise when the intrinsic and extrinsic processes operate on the proper relative scales in time or space. Both metapopulation theory and resonance/attenuation theory suggest that interactions which lower population variability will occur when the intrinsic and extrinsic process occur on similar time scales. I performed an aquatic protist microcosm experiment to investigate how the relative frequencies of extrinsic density perturbations and intrinsic resource pulses impacted population variability. Population variability was lowest in the treatments of intermediate frequency, in which the extrinsic fluctuations and intrinsic processes were on the same time scale. This result is consistent with general theoretical predictions, and empirically documents the importance of considering scale in interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic processes that positively impact population persistence.
Percutaneous cystolithotomy using a laparoscopic entrapment sac

Abstract Objectives To describe a percutaneous approach that uses laparoscopic techniques and technology to achieve intact removal of bladder stones after augmentation cystoplasty. Methods Percutaneous stone removal using a laparoscopic entrapment sac was performed in 4 patients with augmented bladders. Under endoscopic guidance, a 10-mm laparoscopic trocar was placed percutaneously into the augmented bladder using the previous suprapubic tube site. The stones were then maneuvered into a laparoscopic entrapment sac and extracted intact without lithotripsy. Results Percutaneous removal of the entire stone burden (up to seven stones in 1 patient) was achieved in 3 of 4 patients. The total operative time was less than 1 hour in each of these cases. Partial conversion to open cystolithotomy was required in 1 patient, because of tearing of the entrapment sac. Three of 4 cases were performed on an outpatient basis and less than 24 hours of catheter drainage was required in all but 1 patient. Conclusions Percutaneous cystolithotomy using a laparoscopic entrapment sac is a safe, useful, and minimally invasive modification of contemporary percutaneous techniques. In patients with augmented bladders, application of this technique may minimize the risk of residual fragments and obviate the need for adjuvant lithotripsy.
Sustained Activation of Cell Adhesion Is a Differentially Regulated Process in B Lymphopoiesis

It is largely unknown how hematopoietic progenitors are positioned within specialized niches of the bone marrow microenvironment during development. Chemokines such as CXCL12, previously called stromal cell–derived factor 1, are known to activate cell integrins of circulating leukocytes resulting in transient adhesion before extravasation into tissues. However, this short-term effect does not explain the mechanism by which progenitor cells are retained for prolonged periods in the bone marrow. Here we show that in human bone marrow CXCL12 triggers a sustained adhesion response specifically in progenitor (pro- and pre-) B cells. This sustained adhesion diminishes during B cell maturation in the bone marrow and, strikingly, is absent in circulating mature B cells, which exhibit only transient CXCL12-induced adhesion. The duration of adhesion is tightly correlated with CXCL12-induced activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a known molecule involved in integrin-mediated signaling. Sustained adhesion of progenitor B cells is associated with prolonged FAK activation, whereas transient adhesion in circulating B cells is associated with short-lived FAK activation. Moreover, sustained and transient adhesion responses are differentially affected by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These results provide a developmental cell stage–specific mechanism by which chemokines orchestrate hematopoiesis through sustained rather than transient activation of adhesion and cell survival pathways.
Social Media in Disaster Response

Technical communicators and social media designers and researchers who seek to identify methods to investigate ambitious research objectives and discourse in social media will find Liza Potts' Soci...
Extended Kalman Filtering for Vortex Systems: An Example of Observing-System Design

To understand and eventually predict oceanic motions and fluxes, it is imperative to be able to follow them in three spatial dimensions and time. The number of observations available for this purpose in the oceans is rather small, compared to those available for the atmosphere. Conventional observations for the oceans, such as given by bathythermographs and current meters, are about 104 times fewer for the ocean than the World Weather Watch provides routinely for the atmosphere. Currently available satellite and other remote-sensing systems yield an observing density for the ocean that is still 10 times lower than for the atmosphere. Both these estimates do take into account the smaller spatial scales and longer time scales of the oceans (Ghil, 1989; Ghil and Malanotte-Rizzoli, 1991). Moreover, the largest number of oceanic observations are confined to the surface and — at best — small subsurface volumes (Munk and Wunsch, 1982).
Stateful Authorization Logic

Authorization policies can be conveniently represented and reasoned about in logic. Proof theory is important for many such applications of logic. However, so far, there has been no systematic study of proof theory that incorporates system state, upon which access policies often rely. The present paper fills this gap by presenting the design and proof theory of an authorization logic BL that, among other features, includes direct support for external procedures to verify predicates on system state. We discuss design choices in the interaction between state and other features of the logic and validate the logic both foundationally, by proving relevant metatheoretic properties of the logic’s proof system, and empirically, through a case study of policies that control access to sensitive intelligence information in the U.S.
Gender Differences in Psychological Factors Shaping Smoking Decisions of Chilean Adolescents

This study examined gender differences in how internalizing and externalizing symptoms affect adolescents' decisions about smoking in Chile, where girls smoke at some of the highest rates in the world. In multivariate logistic regression analyses with 607 adolescents, internalizing symptoms, such as depressed mood and anxiety, predicted smoking among girls more than boys, with girls who were low in internalizing symptoms being more likely to smoke than those who were high in internalizing symptoms. In Chile's high-risk context, internalizing symptoms may be indirectly protective for girls by decreasing their exposure to peer pressure and related influences that encourage cigarette use.
Diagnosis and Prognosis in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a communicating hydrocephalus, of unknown pathophysiology, characterized by the classical triad of dementia, urinary incontinence, and ataxia. The most popular treatment option is shunt surgery, although it is not a cure. The diagnosis of the disorder is challenging as it may mimic a lot of other neurological conditions and has no distinct biomarker. It becomes even more challenging as majority of the cases are diagnosed by invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal tests. However, a careful history taking, a keen and detailed physical examination, and pertinent imaging studies can lead to an early diagnosis. The gait symptoms respond the most to surgery. The predictors deciding the postsurgical prognosis has been discussed. Improved shunting modalities and novel shunt materials with valve adjustments have improved the precision of the shunting procedures. Still we have lot more to achieve in terms of early diagnosis and definitive management of iNPH.
A Kinetic Monte Carlo Study of Fullerene Adsorption within a Pc-PBBA Covalent Organic Framework and Implications for Electron Transport.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with their predictable assembly into ordered porous crystalline materials, tunable composition, and high charge carrier mobility, offer the possibility of creating ordered bulk heterojunction solar cells given a suitable electron-transporting material to fill the pores. The photoconductive (hole-transporting) properties of many COFs have been reported, including the recent creation of a TT-COF/PCBM solar cell by Dogru et al. Although a prototype device has been fabricated, its poor solar efficiency suggests a potential issue with electron transport caused by the interior packing of the fullerenes. Such packing information is absent and cannot be obtained experimentally. In this paper, we use Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations to understand the dominant pore-filling mechanisms and packing configurations of C60 molecules in a Pc-PBBA COF that are similar to the COF fabricated experimentally. The KMC simulations thus offer more realistic filling conditio...
Integrating Perioperative Chemotherapy into the Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Strategy Versus Reality

Since the initial report in 2003 of the Intergroup-0080 trial confirming benefit of combined neoadjuvant M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriablastine, and cisplatin) chemotherapy and cystectomy in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, debate has continued in the literature as to the relative risk/benefits of integrating perioperative chemotherapy into the care of patients, especially in those with organ-confined, muscle-invasive, node-negative disease in whom the benefit may be less. Because of the inaccuracies of clinical staging, the potential morbidity related to M-VAC chemotherapy, a 70% cure rate in pT2No disease with surgery alone, and only a modest (5%) improvement in absolute overall survival with combined therapy, many favor limiting chemotherapy to patients with a pathologic stage of pT3 or greater or node-positive disease. This philosophy was also reflected in the 2008 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Bladder Cancer, in which neoadjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2 disease versus adjuvant therapy based on pathologic risks is only "considered." Additionally, a recent study looking at the perioperative integration of chemotherapy for stage III bladder cancer in the United States using the National Cancer Data Base showed that only 11.6% of patients underwent any perioperative chemotherapy, with most in the adjuvant setting. These findings indicate that despite randomized trial data showing survival benefit for perioperative chemotherapy, and the current guidelines for therapy supporting those findings, chemotherapy is not being integrated well into the care of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, even in those who, experts agree, have the most potential for benefit.
Management of papillary muscle dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction.

A 52-year-old man developed left ventricular power failure after anterolateral myocardial infarction. Emergency cardiac catheterization revealed mitral regurgitation with normal right and left anterior descending coronary arteries. Significantly, the left circumflex coronary artery was diminutive in size, and no branches to the region of the anterolateral papillary muscle were demonstrated. Acute papillary muscle dysfunction was found at operation. Mitral valve replacement was successfully performed within 1 week of the myocardial infarction and development of papillary muscle dysfunction. The patient had returned to full activity 6 months after the operation.
Implementing Obamacare: The Politics Of Medicaid Expansion Under The Affordable Care Act Of 2010

After President Barack Obama signed into law the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, 26 states filed lawsuits challenging key provisions. In 2012, the Supreme Court ruled in support of most provisions but held that the mandatory Medicaid expansion was unconstitutional, in effect making it optional for the states. Yet Medicaid expansion is critical if the ACA is to achieve its goal of substantially increasing coverage, especially for lower-income adults with health problems, many of whom are racial and ethnic minorities. This article examines the factors explaining state variation in Medicaid expansion from 2012 to 2014. Although partisan power in the states is a key predictor, other relevant factors include the state’s Medicaid policy legacy, providers’ influence, conservative ideology, and racial resentment. We demonstrate that the enactment of legislation is only a part of the policy formation process and that implementation is equally salient, with state dynamics playing a critical role.
Global Distributive Institutions

In Chapter 3, I offered a pro tanto argument to the conclusion that the intuitions of the global economic association that are permissive of deep inequalities are unjust. The global economic association is a common good association whose rules fail to treat persons as equals, and this failure is not justified by any of the following four reasons: (1) Some persons deserve to have their interests treated less well because of something they have done to harm the interests of others; (2) some persons voluntarily consent to lesser realization of their interests or to taking certain risks of this outcome; (3) differences in morally relevant needs require more resources to those persons who in fact have more or (4) offering incentives that produce differential outcomes benefit everyone in comparison to their condition under equality. The failure cannot then be reasonably accepted by those who are treated unequally under its rules. In order for the inequalities of the global economic association to be just, respect for human dignity requires that they be reasonably accepted because the global economic association is a common good association, which is relatively strong, largely non-voluntary, constitutive of a significant part of the background rules for the various relationships of persons’ public lives and governed by norms that can be subject to human control.
Detecting riots using action localization

Mass gatherings to protest or demonstrate can sometimes turn violent and take the shape of a riot. It has been observed that generally demonstrations deteriorate to riots after instigation by perpetrators. Therefore, identification of instigator(s) can prevent people from turning into a mob and help law enforcement agencies to keep them under control. To the best of our knowledge there has been no work in computer vision that automatically detects a riot like activity or its instigator. In this paper, we attempt to detect riots and identify the instigator(s). We make use of the patterns extracted from the field of sociology and collective behavior, and handle some of the common cases. We have also collected a dataset for evaluation of our algorithm, which includes videos from both actual riots, as well as acted scenarios.
Use of Biofeedback in the Treatment of Seizure Disorders and Hyperactivity

During the past 15 years, considerable basic research and applied effort has been directed toward developing methods for controlling internal physiological processes. These processes include autonomic functions, both unit and gross (summated) neuromuscular activity, and central neural electrophysiological responses, all of which may be modifiable through the application of behavioral methods. Psychophysiology is the discipline most concerned with this type of research. A relatively new applied branch of psychophysiology, now known as biofeedback, is undergoing rapid development to fulfill basic research and clinical needs related to the control of physiological processes.
Curious Construction Kit: A programmable building kit for early childhood

Imaginative play is a rich source of learning and development for early childhood. Constructionist theory also highlights the benefits of play involving programmable elements and the process of construction and building. In this paper, we describe a new educational tool, the Curious Construction Kit (CCK), a building platform that allows children to become fully immersed in their creative, constructive play. We believe that young children will be able to engage deeply in design when using the CCK, both allowing for representations to emerge and planning for them. Design features of the CCK are explained, as well as hypothetical use cases. Future work and theoretical considerations are also discussed.
Multifunctional, inexpensive, and reusable nanoparticle-printed biochip for cell manipulation and diagnosis

Isolation and characterization of rare cells and molecules from a heterogeneous population is of critical importance in diagnosis of common lethal diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and cancer. For the developing world, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics design must account for limited funds, modest public health infrastructure, and low power availability. To address these challenges, here we integrate microfluidics, electronics, and inkjet printing to build an ultra-low-cost, rapid, and miniaturized lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform. This platform can perform label-free and rapid single-cell capture, efficient cellular manipulation, rare-cell isolation, selective analytical separation of biological species, sorting, concentration, positioning, enumeration, and characterization. The miniaturized format allows for small sample and reagent volumes. By keeping the electronics separate from microfluidic chips, the former can be reused and device lifetime is extended. Perhaps most notably, the device manufacturing is significantly less expensive, time-consuming, and complex than traditional LOC platforms, requiring only an inkjet printer rather than skilled personnel and clean-room facilities. Production only takes 20 min (vs. up to weeks) and $0.01-an unprecedented cost in clinical diagnostics. The platform works based on intrinsic physical characteristics of biomolecules (e.g., size and polarizability). We demonstrate biomedical applications and verify cell viability in our platform, whose multiplexing and integration of numerous steps and external analyses enhance its application in the clinic, including by nonspecialists. Through its massive cost reduction and usability we anticipate that our platform will enable greater access to diagnostic facilities in developed countries as well as POC diagnostics in resource-poor and developing countries.
Pharmacology of the Nav1.1 domain IV voltage sensor reveals coupling between inactivation gating processes

The Na v 1.1 voltage-gated sodium channel is a critical contributor to excitability in the brain, where pathological loss of function leads to such disorders as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism. This voltage-gated sodium (Na v ) channel subtype also plays an important role in mechanical pain signaling by primary afferent somatosensory neurons. Therefore, pharmacologic modulation of Na v 1.1 represents a potential strategy for treating excitability disorders of the brain and periphery. Inactivation is a complex aspect of Na v channel gating and consists of fast and slow components, each of which may involve a contribution from one or more voltage-sensing domains. Here, we exploit the Hm1a spider toxin, a Na v 1.1-selective modulator, to better understand the relationship between these temporally distinct modes of inactivation and ask whether they can be distinguished pharmacologically. We show that Hm1a inhibits the gating movement of the domain IV voltage sensor (VSDIV), hindering both fast and slow inactivation and leading to an increase in Na v 1.1 availability during high-frequency stimulation. In contrast, ICA-121431, a small-molecule Na v 1.1 inhibitor, accelerates a subsequent VSDIV gating transition to accelerate entry into the slow inactivated state, resulting in use-dependent block. Further evidence for functional coupling between fast and slow inactivation is provided by a Na v 1.1 mutant in which fast inactivation removal has complex effects on slow inactivation. Taken together, our data substantiate the key role of VSDIV in Na v channel fast and slow inactivation and demonstrate that these gating processes are sequential and coupled through VSDIV. These findings provide insight into a pharmacophore on VSDIV through which modulation of inactivation gating can inhibit or facilitate Na v 1.1 function.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Oncology.

BackgroundCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as an important diagnostic modality in the management of cardiovascular-related dysfunction in oncological diseases. Advances in imagi...
Carbon Contamination, Its Consequences and Its Mitigation in Ion-Simulation of Neutron-Induced Swelling of Structural Metals

Neutron-induced swelling in austenitic and ferritic steels is sensitive to the carbon level in the steel, as well as its distribution in matrix or precipitates. It has recently become known that ion-irradiation to high dpa levels leads to a progressive ion-beam-induced increase in carbon concentration and precipitation within the ion range, with concurrent reductions in void swelling. This neutron-atypical phenomenon imperils the credibility of ion simulation for light water reactor applications. A series of experiments involving pure iron and a structural alloy HT9, were conducted to identify the source and distribution of injected carbon. It was found that negatively-charged carbon atoms are entrained in the self-ion beam by a Coulomb drag effect, and thereby delivered at low drift energy to the irradiated surface, followed by ion-beam-mixing and diffusion. A technique for filtering out contaminants, especially carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, was developed and resulted in higher, more neutron-relevant swelling levels than achieved without filtering.
A Robust Portfolio Optimization Approach Using Parametric Piecewise Linear Models of System Dependencies

“System of Systems” architecture problems can be very challenging due to the large number of systems involved and complex interdependencies that exist between and among them. The high number of decision variables and interactions presents the need for an appropriate collection of methods, processes, and tools that can help practitioners deal with such complexities and answer key questions that typically arise when evolving an architecture. In this chapter, we build on prior work toward developing a System-of-Systems Analytic Workbench and propose a combined use of two of the workbench tools, namely, the Robust Portfolio Optimization and Systems Operational Dependency Analysis tools. The purpose of the combination is to more explicitly introduce the dependency modeling capabilities of one with the computationally efficient decision-support capabilities of the other. We demonstrate application of the proposed combined approach on a conceptual Naval Warfare Scenario problem.
Properties of H-Convergence

During the year 1974–1975, which I spent at UW, Madison, WI, I simplified the results obtained with Francois MURAT, by a repeated use of our div–curl lemma (Lemma 7.2). Afterward, the same idea was developed independently by Leon SIMON. Although I did not describe it explicitly, it should be con- sidered as a simple case of the way to use the general theory of compensated compactness, which I shall describe later.
Leibniz on Intension, Extension, and the Representation of Syllogistic Inference

New light is shed on Leibniz’s commitment to the metaphysical priority of the intensional interpretation of logic by considering the arithmetical and graphical representations of syllogistic inference that Leibniz studied. Crucial to understanding this connection is the idea that concepts can be intensionally represented in terms of properties of geometric extension, though significantly not the simple geometric property of part-whole inclusion. I go on to provide an explanation for how Leibniz could maintain the metaphysical priority of the intensional interpretation while holding that logically the intensional and the extensional stand in strictly inverse relation to each other.
Benralizumab for PDGFRA-Negative Hypereosinophilic Syndrome.

Abstract Background Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a group of diseases defined by marked eosinophilia in blood or tissue and eosinophil-related clinical manifestations. Benralizumab is a monoclonal ...
A competitive binding model predicts nonlinear responses of olfactory receptors to complex mixtures

In color vision, the quantitative rules for mixing lights to make a target color are well understood. By contrast, the rules for mixing odorants to make a target odor remain elusive. A solution to this problem in vision relied on characterizing the receptor responses to different wavelengths of light and subsequently relating receptor responses to perception. In olfaction, experimentally measuring the receptor response to a representative set of complex mixtures is intractable due to the vast number of possibilities. To meet this challenge, we develop a biophysical model that predicts mammalian receptor responses to complex mixtures using responses to single odorants. The dominant nonlinearity in our model is competitive binding: only one odorant molecule can attach to a receptor binding site at a time. This simple framework predicts receptor responses to mixtures of up to twelve monomolecular odorants to within 10-30% of experimental observations and provides a powerful method for leveraging limited experimental data. Simple extensions of our model describe phenomena such as synergy, overshadowing, and inhibition, suggesting that these perceptual effects can arise partly from receptor binding properties, and may not require either complex neural interactions or feedback from higher brain areas.
Meta-analysis of pemetrexed (P) plus gemcitabine (G) in first-line, advanced (adv) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

18015 Background: Clinical trials with varying schedules and doses of P and G have demonstrated anti-tumor activity in NSCLC. Methods: This report summarizes best response and toxicity data of 4 cl...
Extending the Theory of Resilience and Relational Load Into Polyamorous Relationships

This article, framed through the theory of resilience and relational load (TRRL) investigated the effects of relational maintenance behaviors in polyamorous relationships. Specifically, it hypothesized that repeated use of prosocial maintenance behaviors would demonstrate relational investment and act as moderators for the effect of identity gaps, or feelings of discrepancy between aspects of one’s identity, on relational satisfaction and resilience. With a few exceptions, findings largely support the predictions of TRRL. Social networks, advice, positivity, openness, and shared tasks moderate the effects of personal-enacted identity gaps on relational satisfaction. Advice, social networks, and openness moderate the effects of personal-relational identity gaps on resilience. Allowing control, destructive conflict, and jealousy induction moderate the effects of personal-enacted identity gaps on relational satisfaction. Only spying of the negative maintenance behaviors moderates the effects of personal-relational identity gaps on relational satisfaction. For the most part, as predicted, positive relational maintenance behaviors appear to weaken, and antisocial maintenance behaviors strengthen, the negative association between identity gaps and relational satisfaction and resilience. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Laser-Based Ionization: A Review on the Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Petroleum Research

Characterization of challenging and/or new energy materials (e.g., biomass/biofuels, heavy oils, and solid petroleum products) requires the generation of new and improved analytical technologies. M...