cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lumbopelvic reconstruction after combined L5 spondylectomy and total sacrectomy for en bloc resection of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

BACKGROUND: Primary sacral neoplasms that extend superiorly to involve the distal lumbar spine represent complex surgical problems. Treatment options for these patients are often limited to hemicorporectomy. OBJECTIVE: To detail our surgical technique for en bloc resection of a sarcoma involving the L5 vertebral segment and sacrum and the reconstruction of the lumbopelvic junction. METHODS: A 52-year-old woman presented with intractable pain secondary to a sarcoma involving the L5 vertebral segment and sacrum. She underwent a combined L5 spondylectomy and total sacrectomy for en bloc resection of her neoplasm. A novel lumbopelvic reconstruction technique was used to establish a liaison between the lumbar spine and pelvis. RESULTS: Operative complications included a venous vascular injury and a nonviable myocutaneous flap. Post-operatively, the patient had complete resolution of her pain. Unfortunately, the patient developed metastatic disease and died 5 months after her initial surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: We describe a patient who underwent a combined L5 spondylectomy and total sacrectomy for en bloc resection of a lumbosacral sarcoma. Additionally, we report a novel technique to reconstruct the lumbopelvic junction. The operative procedures are detailed with the aid of radiographs, intraoperative photographs, and illustrations.
Density Of States In Amorphous Silicon

Density of midgap defect states (DOS) in amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a fundamental material parameter in determining the transport properties. It is shown in this paper that the commonly believed model DOS, consisting of one major mid-gap defect, namely a Si dangling bond, is probably not correct, and is logically inconsistent with the position of the Fermi level. The dangling-bond DOS is also inconsistent with data from space-charge-limited-current, with experimentally determined device field profiles, and with some data on photo-degradation. In contrast, we propose that a DOS model proposed by Adler, based on negative corelation energy and consisting of primarily doubly charged and empty dangling bonds (T.- and TaAƒÂ· states), is a more accurate representation of actual DOS in undoped, high quality a-Si:H. This model is shown to be consistent with all the experimental data on material and device properties, including photo-degradation and doping.
Lasers: The femtosecond pulse

Laser applications in geophysics range from making hydrographic depth soundings to a myriad of types of spectrographic measurements on crystals and polycrystalline materials. Reducing the emitted pulse width is a recurring need in many scientific laser applications. In determinations of ocean bottom depth and of mean sea level by airborne laser systems, a pulse width of one nanosecond (10−9 ) is barely sufficient to obtain the d e sired accuracy (±30 cm). In crystal physics measurements, a pulse width of about one or two picoseconds (10−12 s) is required. An object of these specifications is to be able to operate at the time periods of ionic and molecular vibrations. It should be possible to study excitation and kinetic processes in a condensed material before they have relaxed or otherwise come to equilibrium.
Flow of a mixture of a viscous fluid and a granular solid in an orthogonal rheometer

Abstract In this paper, we study the flow of a linearly viscous fluid and a granular solid, consisting of many particles, situated between two parallel plates rotating about different axes. Flow in orthogonal rheometers has been studied for many viscoelastic fluids so that their rheological properties can be measured. The mixture is modeled using the theory of interacting continua, and constitutive relations for the fluid phase, the granular phase, and the interaction forces are provided. For a very special case, an analytical solution to the equations of motion is also provided.
Assessing the Use of Function Models and Interaction Models Through Concept Sketching

Functional representations are often used in the conceptual stages of design because they encourage the designer to focus on the intended use and purpose of a system rather than the physical solution. Function models have been proposed by many researchers as a tool to expand the solution search space and guide concept generation, and many design tools have been created to support function-based design. These tools require designers to create function models of new or existing artifacts, but there is limited published research describing the level of functional detail that should be included in a model or the appropriate level of abstraction to model artifacts. Further, there is limited experimental evidence that designers use function models when generating concepts, and controlled experiments in the literature have focused on ideation rather than function models. Therefore, this research focuses on how artifacts should be modeled to guide concept generation in conceptual design.In this research, three artifact representations are studied: function models, interaction models, and pruned function models. A user study was conducted in which participants were asked to design a new device based on a problem statement, a set of requirements, and a treatment. Participants were randomly assigned a treatment of a function model, interaction model, pruned model, or no model. A conformance metric was developed to measure the extent to which participants used a model when generating concept sketches. The results show that the functional conformance of participants using a pruned model is approximately 40% higher than that of participants using a function model. These results demonstrate that the use of a specific level of functional detail improves the use of functions within the model for concept generation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
HETEROTOPIC BONE FORMATION IN ASSOCIATION WITH PELVIC FRACTURE AND URETHRAL DISRUPTION

AbstractPurpose: The initial and secondary management of pelvic fracture associated with disruption of the membranous urethra is the subject of a wide literature containing varied and controversial viewpoints. We have noted the presence of heterotopic bone formation surrounding the area of urethral injury in patients undergoing delayed repair. We investigated the etiology, incidence and risk factors associated with such an injury, as well as potential means of prophylaxis.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the current literature on heterotopic bone formation with similar traumatic injury. While instances of severe urethral disruption of this type are fortunately rare in children, we describe prepubertal boys with such an injury complicated by heterotopic ossification.Results: The incidence of heterotopic ossification reported in children and adolescents is 3 to 15%, which is less than 15 to 80% reported in adults. Risk factors associated with traumatic heterotopic ossification include prolonged operating ...
Tamoxifen as chemoprevention in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with breast cancer: a pilot survey of physicians.

Purpose: To assess physician recommendations about the use of tamoxifen in premenopausal BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: We mailed surveys to a stratified random sample of 1,286 physicians selected from the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium mailing list. Eligible participants were physicians whose practice consisted of ≥ 10% breast cancer patients. Participants were asked to complete a three-part, 10-minute questionnaire. Demographics and responses to hypothetical patient vignettes were analyzed. Results: Of potentially eligible participants, 27% responded to the survey, and 260 participants were included in the final analysis. Physicians did not distinguish between BRCA1 and BRCA2 status in making recommendations about tamoxifen to breast cancer patients; however, in an unaffected woman, they were more likely to recommend tamoxifen to a BRCA2 mutation carrier than to a BRCA1 mutation carrier (73% v 57%; P < .0001). In newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, physicians were much more likely ...
Photolithography in integrated circuit mask metrology

Photoresist technology is shown to have important advantages over the use of high-resolution silver halide films in dimensional metrology for integrated circuit masks. Experimental techniques are shown for the use of photoresist and chrome images in the study of image quality and uniformity and in analysis of the causes of image degradation. This method is applied to in situ lens evaluation and to the measurement of the precision of photorepeater stepping tables used in mask fabrication. In additiont, he value of 0.3 µm is established as the practical limit of dimensional tolerance in the present photolithographic technology, and its significance to the advancement of the state of the art in mask manufacture is discussed.
Air stripping of volatile hydrophobic compounds using packed crisscross flow cascades

The removal of four volatile organic compounds from aqueous solution by air stripping using a cascade crossflow device has been studied. This method of operation gave mass transfer coefficients and removal efficiencies quite similar to those achieved in conventional countercurrent operations. However, in terms of reduced pressure drops and greater range of stable operation, the advantages of the cascade crossflow device far outweigh those of the conventional countercurrent stripper.
Nonlinear digital signal processing using homotopy continuation methods

Homotopy-based algorithms for solving the systems of nonlinear equations which arise in DSP when pole-zero models are used are proposed. Applications include autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) estimation for spectral estimation and system identification and optimal infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filter design. Nonlinear defining equations for the optimal system parameters result in a multimodal performance surface. Current numerical methods for solving these systems of nonlinear equations use gradient-based numerical methods which cannot distinguish between local and global minima or solve related suboptimal problems and which may not converge. Homotopy-based continuation methods are globally convergent numerical methods from which algorithms for finding the global minima of these nonlinear parameter estimation problems can be formed. A review is presented of homotopy continuation methods and digital signal processing using pole-zero structures, the homotopy functions proposed for solving these problems are discussed, and an illustrative example is provided. >
Brand valuation for application programming interface development

This paper will present how brand value can be used as an alternative method for measuring the benefits of developing an API for a web company. Currently web companies like Google are releasing their APIs almost daily, and as the web application model matures, companies will feel more pressured to develop APIs for their web services. There are various methods to monetize on this APIs such as advertising, lead generation and so on. Yet these current methods of monetizing APIs do not apply to every web company. This paper promises another alternative method to measuring the benefits of API development.
Universal precautions: still missing the point on needlesticks.

Pressure to solve the longstanding problem of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers has been apparent since the first occupational seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was reported in 1984.1 This pressure has steadily increased as subsequent reports confirmed that the once hypothetical route of HIV transmission was a well-established reality, carrying a seroconversion risk of 1 in 250 for those injured by HIVcontaminated needles.2-4 The accumulated data further revealed that needlestick and sharp object exposures to HIV presented a higher risk of transmission than any other route of occupational expo-
Screening for intimate partner violence in a primary care setting: the validity of "feeling safe at home" and prevalence results.

Background: We conducted a study to assess the validity of a screening question commonly used to detect intimate partner violence (IPV) in primary care settings. We also analyzed prevalence and risk factors of IPV. Methods: We used an embedded domestic violence detection instrument in a general health questionnaire at one family medicine clinic. Questionnaire scales included a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), depression and alcohol use scales, and a personal safety question (“Do you feel safe at home?”). We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the personal safety question in our sample using responses to the modified CTS and the personal safety question. Three hundred ninety-nine female patients over the age of 18 completed the survey. Results: CTS results revealed 44.3% of women experienced any violence, 43.5% of women experienced psychological violence in the presence or absence of physical violence, and 10.3% experienced physical violence in the presence or absence of psychological violence in the previous 90 days. The sensitivity of a single question used to detect any violence (“Do you feel safe at home?”) was 8.8%; the specificity was 91.2%. Racial identity, marital status, and depression influenced the likelihood of IPV. Conclusions: These preliminary results call into question the utility of the safety question “Do you feel safe at home” for detecting cases of intimate partner violence in a primary care sample.
Urban Rooftops as Productive Resources: Rooftop Farming versus Conventional Green Roofs

Rooftops in our urban centers represent a vast potential of currently underused space. The transformation of these urban rooftops into an environmental, ecological resource through an increased implementation of green roof technology is becoming standard practice in many cities throughout the world. Due to the rapidly growing interest in urban agriculture, a new form of green roofs - rooftop farms - are emerging. This study compares the environmental, economic and social benefits of conventional and productive green roofs. The intent of this paper is to outline realizable benefits and establish methods for optimizing rooftop occupation in the urban environment. The basis for this paper’s argument is derived from data collected from a number of rooftop farming case studies located throughout North America, which highlight the differences between conventional green roofs and productive green roofs. Points of comparison fall into three groups: potential environmental, economical and social benefits. In conclusion, this study argues that not only do productive green roofs meet the well-established environmental benefits of conventional green roofs, but they also provide extra social benefits that outweigh any additional structural requirements, operational necessities and associated costs. The implementation of productive green roofs should be considered and actively pursued wherever possible, due to their vital contribution to the advancement of urban agriculture, social and economic gains and potential job creation, which all strengthen our urban environments and communities.
Robust control of series parallel resonant converters

A robust controller is designed for the series parallel resonant DC/DC converter based on the linear quadratic Gaussian/loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) methodology. The controller structure, comprising a servo-compensator with an internal model, reference state observer, plant and disturbance state observer, ensures tracking of the reference voltage and rejection of system disturbances. The controller performance is insensitive to converter parametric and operational variations. The controller design is based on a converter small-signal model derived using the principles of the describing function and harmonic balance on the nonlinear time-varying converter equations. The controlled converter is shown by computer simulation to perform excellently well, with very good tracking and disturbance capabilities in the presence of changes of load and input voltage.
Pragmatic directions about language use: Offers of words and relations

Adult speakers constantly offer young children new terms, conventional words for the events and objects being talked about. They make direct offers of unfamiliar words, using deictics or other forms that signal that the upcoming term is new, and they make indirect offers on the assumption that the relevant meaning is computable on that occasion. Adults also present young children with information about how words are related to each other through such connections as is a part of, is a kind of, belongs to, or is usedfor. These pragmatic directions provide children with essential information about language and language use as they make inferences about possible meanings for unfamiliar words. They also offer support for an alternative to constraintsbased accounts of lexical acquisition by providing a conversation-based approach more consistent with the findings from spontaneous speech and from experimental results. (Language acquisition, word meanings, child-directed speech)*
Preoperative Helicobacter pylori Infection is Associated with Increased Survival After Resection of Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Limited data exist on the prognosis of preoperative Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for GAC from 2000 to 2012 at seven academic institutions comprising the United States Gastric Cancer Collaborative were included in the study. The primary end points of the study were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Of 559 patients, 104 (18.6 %) who tested positive for H. pylori were younger (62.1 vs 65.1 years; p = 0.041), had a higher frequency of distal tumors (82.7 vs 71.9 %; p = 0.033), and had higher rates of adjuvant radiation therapy (47.0 vs 34.9 %; p = 0.032). There were no differences in American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, margin status, grade, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, nodal metastases, or tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. H. pylori positivity was associated with longer OS (84.3 vs 44.2 months; p = 0.008) for all patients. This relationship with OS persisted in the multivariable analysis (HR 0.54; 95 % CI 0.30–0.99; p = 0.046). H. pylori was not associated with RFS or DSS in all patients. In the stage 3 patients, H. pylori was associated with longer OS (44.5 vs 24.7 months; p = 0.018), a trend of longer RFS (31.4 vs 21.6 months; p = 0.232), and longer DSS (44.8 vs 27.2 months; p = 0.034). Patients with and without preoperative H. pylori infection had few differences in adverse pathologic features at the time of gastric adenocarcinoma resection. Despite similar disease presentations, preoperative H. pylori infection was independently associated with improved OS. Further studies examining the interaction between H. pylori and tumor immunology and genetics are merited.
IKKβ/NF-κB and the miscreant macrophage

Macrophage activation relies on complex intracellular signaling processes that integrate the need for rapid inflammatory responses to pathogens with the need to resolve inflammation without permanent harm to normal tissues. Patterns of aberrant macrophage activation characterize and sustain disorders of chronic inflammation, infection, and cancer. New studies now show a role for the NF-κB activator IKKβ in promoting an alternative, immunosuppressive pattern of macrophage activation, which limits the cell's tumoricidal and bactericidal capacities. As cancers and pathogens may have evolved multiple mechanisms to manipulate macrophages for their own survival, is there anything we can do about it?
The Mythology of the Leader Role in Small Groups

The proposition that the "leader "role is an unconscious myth invented by members of a group to ward off anxieties and uncertainties associated with the day-to-day exercise of interpersonal power is examined. The discussion focuses on describing the myth, its consequences for the involvement of group members, and researchable propositions derivable from the myth.
Staffing the respiratory care department: new considerations.

The basic human-resources management tenets of attract, retain, and motivate the best practitioners remain at the core of management focus; however, time standards, volumes, staffing variables, and flexible budgets are concepts that have become increasingly important in managing respiratory care
PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A CHICKEN TUMOR : III. ATTEMPTS AT ISOLATION OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE.

By two methods a protein fraction can be separated out from a Chicken Tumor I extract, which carries all the tumor-producing agent. The precipitate can be dissolved and reprecipitated a number of times without loss of activity. The agent can be largely dissociated from the protein as shown by the fact that aluminum hydroxide will adsorb the protein from an extract and leave the agent behind. This purified material has a very low protein content, if any, as shown by both chemical and biological tests.
Edge detection using spectral estimation techniques

Summary form only given. It has been shown that the problem of detecting edges in a digital image is equivalent to the problem of estimating the wave number vectors of complex exponentials in the spatial frequency domain. This observation has been used to show that most of the known non-model-based edge detection algorithms can be interpreted as variations of the periodogram method of spectral estimation. The above observation has also been used to derive three edge detection algorithms. The first algorithm is based on the fact that complex exponentials are the homogeneous solution of a difference equation with proper initial conditions. It derives estimates of the edge locations by performing a singular-value decomposition of a Hankel matrix formed from the fast Fourier transform of the underlying image. The second and third approaches use the maximum-likelihood spectral estimation method and various maximum-entropy spectral estimation technique on the fast Fourier transform of the underlying image to estimate the edge locations. The main advantage of the three approaches is that they do not involve the use of a smoothing filter or gradient operations. >
HRD4/NPL4 Is Required for the Proteasomal Processing of Ubiquitinated ER Proteins

We isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant, hrd4–1, deficient in ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The HRD4gene was identical to NPL4, a gene previously implicated in nuclear transport. Using a div...
Optimal Properties and Adaptive Tuning of Standard and Nonstandard Support Vector Machines

We review some of the basic ideas of Support Vector Machines (SVM’s) for classification, with the goal of describing how these ideas can sit comfortably inside the statistical literature in decision theory and penalized likelihood regression. We review recent work on adaptive tuning of SVMs, discussing generalizations to the nonstandard case where the training set is not representative and misclassification costs are not equal. Mention is made of recent results in the multicategory case.
Taxonomic Patterns in the Triglyceride Structure of Natural Fats

Natural fats from different organisms frequently have similar fatty acid composition but different triglyceride structures. These differences often fall into clear-cut taxonomic patterns when the distribution of fatty acids between the sn-1, sn-2-, and sn-3-positions of the glycerol is considered. Such characteristic fatty acid distribution patterns can frequently be used to distinguish commerical fats and oils from different sources, i. e. fish oil from whale oil, or virgin olive oil from the re-esterified product. Taxonomische Muster der Triglycerid-Strukturen naturlicher Fette Naturliche Fette aus verschiedenen Organismen haben meistens ahnliche Fettsaure-Zusammensetzung, jedoch unterschiedliche Triglycerid-Strukturen. Diese Unterschiede machen sich im taxonomischen Muster deutlich bemerkbar, wenn man die Verteilung der Fettsauren zwischen den sn-1-, sn-2- und sn-3- Stellungen des Glycerins berucksichtigt. Durch solche charakteristischen Muster in bezug auf die Verteilung der Fettsauren lassen sich haufig verschiedene handelsubliche Fette und Ole unterscheiden; so kann man z. B. Fischol von Walol oder Jungfernolivenol vom wiederveresterten Produkt unterscheiden.
Examining Visual-Verbal Associations in Children with and Without Reading Disorder

The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal working memory processing both before and after providing semantically elaborated training sentences designed to enhance memory for symbol-word (visual-verbal) pairs. Abilities of 20 children diagnosed with Reading Disorder (RD) and 20 age-matched peers who were normally achieving in reading (NA) were compared (M = 10 years old). Results demonstrated RD children experienced significantly more difficulties on measures of complex auditory-verbal working memory than their NA peers. The best predictor of reading performance was word recall ability measured after students were provided with semantic training sentences. Findings have important implications for identifying young children with potential reading impairment.
Hierarchical Integration: The Dollar Economy and the Rupee Economy

While contemporary globalization makes the world more interconnected, it also reworks and builds on existing cleavages and uneven development. This is an under-researched dimension of the emerging twenty-first century international division of labour. The core question is whether new developments (associated with exports, offshoring and outsourcing) spin off to the majority in the countryside and the urban poor. This article examines the relationship between the dollar economy and the rupee economy in india. It documents the ways in which inequality is built into and sustains india's development. The authors discuss other instances of multi-speed economies and analytics that seek to come to grips with these relations, from combined and uneven development to global value chains. They present three ways of capturing contemporary inequality: asymmetric inclusion, enlargement-and-containment and hierarchical integration, each of which captures different dimensions of inequality.
Implementation of SCTP in an open source Real-Time Operating System

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is an IETF-standard transport layer protocol in the IP protocol suite. SCTP is very attractive for data communication over satellite networks due to its unique features such as multihoming and multistreaming that are not present in TCP. SIGMA, an SCTP-based mobility management scheme, has been developed for space networks. RTEMS, an open source Real Time Operating System (RTOS), is used by the computers onboard several spacecraft. The network stack of RTEMS does not include SCTP. The objective of this paper is to describe the issues and challenges in implementing SCTP on the RTEMS operating system. The lessons learned will be helpful to implement SCTP in other operating systems.
Adapting grounded theory to construct a taxonomy of affect in collaborative online chat

Distributed collaborative teams increasingly rely on online tools for interaction and communication in both social and task-oriented goals. Measuring and modeling these interactions along different dimensions can help understand, and better design for, distributed collaboration. Affect is one such dimension that can play a crucial role in the dynamics, creativity, and productivity of distributed groups. We contribute an adaptation of the grounded theory methodology as a flexible and extensible means for constructing a taxonomy of affect in text-based online communication. Such a taxonomy can serve as an analytic lens for the continued investigation of the role of affect in creative collaborative endeavors as mediated by communication technology. We describe our modified grounded theory approach and then validate our method by constructing a taxonomy with data from chat logs collected during a longitudinal study of a multi-cultural distributed scientific collaboration.
Numerical solution of free-boundary problems in fluid mechanics. Part 2. Buoyancy-driven motion of a gas bubble through a quiescent liquid

In this paper numerical results are presented for the buoyancy-driven rise of a deformable bubble through an unbounded quiescent fluid. Complete solutions, including the bubble shape, are obtained for Reynolds numbers in the range 1 [less-than-or-equal] R [less-than-or-equal] 200 and for Weber numbers up to 20. For Reynolds numbers R [less-than-or-equal] 20 the shape of the bubble changes from nearly spherical to oblate-ellipsoidal to spherical-cap depending on Weber number; at higher Reynolds numbers ‘disk-like’ and ‘saucer-like’ shapes appear at W = O(10). The present results show clearly that flow separation may occur at a smooth free surface at intermediate Reynolds numbers; this fact suggests a qualitative explanation of the often-observed irregular (zigzag or helical) paths of rising bubbles.
Local Systems Engineering Education Program Ignition and Sustenance

ABSTRACTAcademic institutions, industry, and other components of our society are continuing a long-standing trend toward fragmenting and specializing the arts and sciences related to the development of complex systems. The absence of an effective force encouraging generalism poses serious problems for American industry. Several examples illustrate how this trend can be turned around.
Abstract 1887: Calcium intake and milk product consumption in association with risk for colorectal adenomas

Calcium intake has been consistently, albeit modestly associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas, and supplemental calcium reduced adenoma recurrence in large randomized controlled trials. Milk-based dairy products are the major source of dietary calcium in the US, but the association between milk product consumption and colorectal cancer is unclear. Conventionally produced milk contains significant levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from the use of bovine somatotropin hormone. Calcium intake has been positively associated with IGF-1 and IGF-1 binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels. Higher circulating levels of IGF-1 and the IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio have been associated with higher risk of certain cancers, including breast, prostate, and colorectal, as well as with adenomatous polyps. To investigate associations of calcium and milk product intakes with risk for colorectal neoplasms, we pooled data from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 786 cases, 2,020 controls) conducted between 1991 and 2002, and analyzed the data using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Dietary and supplemental intakes in all three studies were assessed using Willett food frequency questionnaires. For indirect indicators of IGF-1 intake from milk products, dietary calcium-adjusted residuals were calculated for total milk products and non-fat milk. For total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intakes, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles of intake were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-1.20), 0.91 (95% CI 0.65-1.28), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.70-1.31), respectively. The corresponding ORs for consumption of total milk products, total milk, non-fat milk, total milk product residuals, and non-fat milk residuals were, 1.01 (95% CI 0.74-1.36), 0.97 (95% CI 0.73-1.29), 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.25), 0.92 (95% CI 0.70-1.22), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.70-1.34), respectively. For those who consumed any whole milk relative to those who consumed none, the OR was 1.15 (95% CI 0.89-1.50). These results are consistent with previous findings of modestly lower risk with higher total (dietary plus supplemental) calcium intakes, but suggest that neither the consumption of specific milk products nor all milk products combined, nor the non-calcium components of milk products are associated with risk for sporadic colorectal adenoma. Citation Format: Caroline Um, Veronika Fedirko, W Dana Flanders, Roberd M. Bostick. Calcium intake and milk product consumption in association with risk for colorectal adenomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1887. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1887
The New Deal and Local Archives: The Pacific Northwest

A recent article in the Journal of American History, Gerald T. White of the University of California at Irvine discusses the value of regional Federal Records Centers to the historical profession. The centers were first established in 1950, when it was decided to send Federal records of a regional or local character to these subtreasury record banks. Very simply, the rate of paper production in Washington made this decision imperative. One of Professor White's main points is that the existence of these centers is too often unknown to historians. The professor is encouraged, however, in that steps are being taken to alert the profession to this vast collection of records. Archival journals have printed inventories, and the centers have sponsored day-long symposia in their regions to familiarize the scholarly community with what they are doing. As a result of this campaign in 1966, some 400 people expressed interest in the records held at the centers, but, according to White's survey, most of these inquiries were of a cursory nature. Indeed, his general conclusion about the centers seems somewhat gloomy. He writes that "It seems certain that a good many inquiries made at the centers in the future, as in the past, will be specific in nature and often of marginal scholarly significance."1 Because the local records lack what he calls the "richness of the National Archives" and other depositories, he feels that their main contribution in the future will be minimal. This essay treats the question of whether or not the professor's pessimism is warranted when one considers the relevance of local materials available in the Pacific Northwest for a study of the 1930's and the New Deal. In order to establish a reference point for a consideration of the sources available in this immediate region and how they might contribute to the overall evaluation of the period, it might be wise to first examine the present state of New Deal historiography. Precise figures are not available, but there seem good grounds for asserting that few decades in American history have received the amount of attention given the 1930's and the New Deal. One scholar estimated that over a hundred scholarly books and articles dealing with the period
Occupant interactions with shading and lighting systems using different control interfaces: A pilot field study

Abstract The paper presents a field study on human interactions with motorized roller shades and dimmable electric lights in private offices of a high performance building. The experimental study was designed to (i) extend the current knowledge of human-building interactions to different and more advanced systems, including intermediate shading positions and light dimming levels, and (ii) reveal behavioral characteristics enabled through side-by-side comparisons of environmental controls ranging from fully automated to fully manual and interfaces with low or high level of accessibility (wall switch, remote controller and web interface). The research methodology includes monitoring of physical variables, actuation and operation states of building systems, as well as online surveys of occupant comfort and perception of environmental variables, their personal characteristics and attributes (non-physical variables). The analyzed datasets provide new insights on the dynamics of interdependent human interactions with shading and electric lighting systems. Higher daylight utilization was observed in offices with easy-to-access controls, which implies less frequent use of electric lights and less energy consumption accordingly. Analysis of occupant satisfaction, in terms of comfort with the amount of light and visual conditions, based on datasets from offices with variable accessibility to shading and lighting control, reveals a strong preference for customized indoor climate, along with a relationship between occupant perception of control and acceptability of a wider range of visual conditions.
Data and content management: a master's level course

This paper describes a graduate level computer information technology course in data and content management taught at Northern Kentucky University (NKU). The paper describes the motivation for offering the course, gives details on the topics covered, and explains how the course was managed.
Practical PERCIST: A Simplified Guide to PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0.

Collection of metabolic response data in a standardized fashion will greatly aid future pooling of study data and meta-analyses to allow the best determination of the predictive and prognostic value of the PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST 1.0) in a variety of clinical settings and with a variety of treatments.
Annual distribution of births and deaths outcomes at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe.

An assessement of socio-demographic and reproductive/obstetric risk factors for stillbirth, preterm births and low birth weight (LBW). The article also aims to explore the probability of death at birth by antenatal care attendance, and by delivery with a Caesarean section in a Zimbabwe referral hospital.
Courtship and Territoriality of Laboratory-reared Mexican Fruit Flies, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Cages Containing Host and Nonhost Trees

Courtship and territoriality of laboratory-reared Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), were observed in cages containing host and nonhost trees. Both males and females preferred the undersides of host leaves at all times of the day. Females but not males also spent much time on fruit. Males established single-leaf territories on the undersides of host leaves beginning several hours before scotophase. Males exhibited sexual behavior, including elevation of the abdomen, puffing of pleural areas of the abdomen, eversion of a rectal pouch, and rapid wing vibration, on their territories. Most matings took place when females approached calling males, and males mounted following a brief and variable courtship. Most male–male agonistic behavior occurred on the undersides of host leaves during the sexual activity period. Female–female agonistic behavior occurred mostly on fruit before the sexual activity period and on the undersides of host leaves during the sexual activity period. Courtship and evolution are discussed in relation to other Anastrepha species.
Terminal heart failure: who should be transplanted and who should have mechanical circulatory support?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Permanent long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is currently reserved for patients who are transplant ineligible. In light of improved outcomes with current continuous flow devices, increased interest has focused on the potential extension of MCS therapy to ambulatory advanced heart failure patients and as an alternative to cardiac transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS: Average 1-year and 2-year survival with heart transplantation is about 85 and 80%, and with MCS therapy, it is 85 and 70% (with censoring at transplant). Specific subsets of destination therapy patients enjoy survival out to 2 years, which is comparable with transplant survival. Risk factor analyses identify similar risk profiles for each therapy. Life satisfaction after each is highly dependent on the frequency and severity of adverse events, which are quite different for these interventions. Patients with long expected waiting times will likely be the initial group for triage off the transplant wait list to MCS therapy. SUMMARY: MCS has progressively improved and may become a reasonable alternative to transplantation for highly selected patients with long expected waiting time. More routine extension of MCS therapy to the transplant population awaits further reduction of major adverse events, miniaturized devices, and less invasive implant techniques.
Search for two-neutrino double- β decay of Zr 96 to excited states of Mo 96

Background: Double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is a rare second-order nuclear decay. The importance of this decay stems from the possibility of neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay and its applications to neutrino physics.Purpose: A search was conducted for the $2\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ to excited final states of the daughter nucleus, $^{96}\mathrm{Mo}$. Measurements of this decay are important to test nuclear matrix element calculations, which are necessary to extract the neutrino mass from a measurement of the neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay half-life.Method: Two coaxial high-purity germanium detectors were used in coincidence to detect $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays produced by the daughter nucleus as it de-excited to the ground state. The experiment was carried out at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility and produced 685.7 d of data with a 17.91 g enriched sample.Results: No counts were seen above background. For the decay to the first excited ${0}^{+}$ state, a limit of ${T}_{1/2}g3.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}$ yr was produced. Limits to higher excited states are also reported.Conclusion: The new limits on double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay are an improvement over previous experiments by a factor of 2 to 5 for the various excited states. The nuclear matrix element for the double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay to the first excited ${0}^{+}$ state is found to be $l0.13$.
Effect of Anoxic Selector Configuration on Sludge Volume Index Control and Bacterial Population Fingerprinting

The effect of single-stage and 4-stage anoxic selectors and an anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on the removal of readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (rbCOD) and slowly biodegradable COD (sbCOD) and on filamentous growth and sludge settleability was studied. Microbial community fingerprinting in the three selector configurations was done using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Nostocoida limicola II and type 1851 filamentous bacteria were observed n in all systems. The diluted sludge volume index (DSVI) decreased with increased selector staging. The rbCOD was almost completely removed in all selectors, and the lower DSVI values with increased selector staging were the result of greater sbCOD removal in the selector. The plug-flow kinetics in the SBR aerobic phase also improved DSVI. The bacteria community composition in the 4-stage selector system was found to be more similar to that for the SBR than for the single-stage selector.
Pseudorigid-Body Models of Compliant DNA Origami Mechanisms

In this paper, we introduce a strategy for the design and computational analysis of compliant DNA origami mechanism (CDOM), which are compliant nanomechanisms fabricated with DNA origami self-assembly. The rigid, compliant and flexible parts are constructed by bundles of many double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) helices, bundles of a few dsDNA helices or a single dsDNA helix, and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strands respectively. Just like in macroscopic compliant mechanisms, a CDOM generates its motion via deformation of at least one structural member. During the motion, strain energy is stored and released in the compliant components. Therefore, these CDOM have the advantage of suppressing thermal fluctuations due to the internal mechanical energy barrier for motion. Here we show that classic Pseudo-rigid-body (PRB) models for compliant mechanism are successfully employed to the analysis of these DNA origami nanomechanisms and can serve to guide the design and analysis method, an example of compliant hinge joint and a bistable four-bar CDOM fabricated with DNA origami are presented.
An Analysis of Irrational Prescriptions of Out-patient Clinic in Our Hospital

Objective:To improve the quality of prescriptions and the rationality of drug use.Methods: Twenty one thousand eight hundred and forty out-patient prescriptions of our hospital from November 2008 to April 2009 were randomly selected,reviewed and analyzed.Results: Eight hundred and fifty irrational prescriptions were identified(3.89%),mainly manifested in non-standardized handwriting,discrepancies between pharmaceutical indication and diagnosis,repeated medication,no indication for the use of antimicrobial drugs,improper dosage,increased toxicity and pharmacological antagonism.Conclusions: Irrational prescriptions by physicians are a serious problem;doctors and pharmacists need more communication with each other to realize safe,effective,economical and rational administration of drugs.
Bracket Embedding Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Cacoethic Oesophagus Stricture and Fistula

Objective:To treat the cacoethic oesophagus stricture and(or) fistula by embedding coated metal bracket combined with chemotherapy,meanwhile,to observe the short term and long term curative effect.Methods:106 patients who were diagnosed as cacoethic oesophagus stricture and(or) fistula have been embedded bracket by using dilator and bracket embedding apparatus.Various treating manner were performed according to various illness state.Results:122 brackets were embedded for 106 patients.Diameter of stricture increased from(4.02±1.35) mm to(15.05±4.02) mm(P0.01).Dysphagia degree decreased from 3.28±0.42 to 0.94±0.73(P0.01).All fistula tear of fistula patients have been closed.The curative rate for following up 1 month and 12 months are 100% and 78.67% respectively.3 case lost contact and 16 re-stricture cases were treated repeatedly and they had been better in the following 1 year.Conclusion:Bracket embedding under endoscope is proved to be a safe and effective method in treating cacoethic oesophagus stricture and(or) fistula for convenient operation and accurate localization.The curative rate is high and the short and long term effect is good.
56 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES FOLLOWING CARDIAC SURGERY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for complications following cardiac surgery. We examined peripheral gene expression and clinical responses to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with and without DM. Methods Skeletal muscle was harvested from non-DM (n = 5) and insulin-treated DM (n = 5) patients before and after CPB. Oligonucleotide microarrays of 12,625 genes were performed on matched samples. Postoperative weight gain, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), temperature, and vasopressor requirements were determined. Nonparametric correlation analyses were used to examine clinical and gene expression relationships. Results Mean CPB duration was 77.5 ± 4.0 minutes. Compared to pre-CPB, peripheral tissue post-CPB revealed 626 up-regulated and 348 down-regulated genes in non-DM vs 420 up-regulated and 473 down-regulated genes in DM patients (p Conclusions The gene expression profile following CPB is quantitatively and qualitatively different in diabetic patients. Clinical correlation suggests that differential TR3 expression is associated with postoperative weight gain, likely due to vascular endothelial dysfunction and tissue edema. These results have possible implications for the design of tailored operative strategies for diabetic patients undergoing CPB.
Recurrent meningitis associated with an anomaly of the inner ear

A case report is presented in detail to illustrate how meningitis results from an inner ear anomaly, a developmental defect of the cochlea. On review of the literature isolated cases with similar congenital anomalies of the cochlea, a Mondini defect, have been found with recurrent bouts of meningitis. The cause for the meningitis was not localized.to the inner ear until multiple operations had been performed. All cases had a CSF leak through the oval window. Other cases have been reported with recurrent meningitis due to a CSF leak from various anomalies of the middle ear. Both middle and inner ear defects may present with either otorrhea or rhinorrhea and should be suspect in all cases with recurrent meningitis.