cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TCR rearrangement in lymphocytes infiltrating melanoma metastases after administration of autologous dinitrophenyl-modified vaccine.

Administration of a vaccine consisting of autologous melanoma cells modified with a hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP), induces T cell infiltration of metastatic sites. We have reported an analysis of these infiltrating T cells, indicating that certain TCR-Vβ gene segments are greatly overexpressed. In this study, we investigate the rearrangement of the TCR-Vβ as well as the junctional diversity in T cells infiltrating melanoma metastases following treatment with DNP vaccine. In 19 of 26 control specimens, V-D-J length analysis showed the expected polyclonal patterns. In contrast, postvaccine tumors from 9 of 10 patients showed dominant peaks of V-D-J junction size in one or more Vβ families. Dominant peaks were seen most frequently in six Vβ families (Vβ7, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 23) and were never seen in seven others. Further analysis of the oligoclonal Vβ products showed dominant peaks in the J region as well. Of particular interest was the finding that Vβ and Jβ peaks were similar in inflamed metastases obtained at different times or from different sites from the same patient. Although 6 of 10 patients expressed HLA-A1, there was no common pattern of TCR rearrangements among them. Finally, the amplified PCR products from seven of these specimens were cloned and sequenced and the amino acid sequence of the complementarity-determining region 3 was deduced. In six of seven specimens, the same complementarity-determining region 3 sequence was repeated in at least two clones and in five of seven in at least three clones. Our study indicates that DNP vaccine induces the expansion of particular T cell clones that may be agents of its antitumor effects.
Immunohistochemistry analysis of micrometastasis in pretreatment lymph nodes from patients with esophageal cancer

Abstract Background With recent advances in neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer, pretreatment lymph node staging has become increasingly important in stratifying patients to appropriate treatment regimens and for prognostication. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) using epithelial markers has been shown to identify micrometastases in histologically negative lymph nodes. We performed this study to evaluate if IHC analysis in thoracoscopic/laparoscopic (Ts/Ls) pretreatment staging lymph nodes can reveal additional diagnostic information to routine histopathology. Methods Specimens of 106 patients with esophageal cancer who had pretreatment Ts/Ls staging were retrospectively studied. Lymph node biopsies were obtained for IHC staining using cytokeratin (CK) of AE1/AE3. IHC staining for p53 , an apoptosis protein associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancer, was also performed. Results 331 Ts/Ls staging lymph node biopsies were collected from 106 patients. A total of 15.4% (51/331) of the lymph nodes or 34.9% (37/106) of patients were found to have metastatic deposits by routine histology. All the histologically positive lymph nodes were CK positive. Among the remaining 280 histologically negative lymph nodes, 11(3.9%) were found to have micrometastasis by CK staining. Three patients (4.3%, 3/69) were upstaged from N0 to N1. They died of early recurrences after treatment. A total of 67.6% (25/37) of the patients with histologically positive lymph node were p53 positive. No histologically negative lymph node was found to be p53 positive in this series. Conclusions Immunohistochemical analysis for CK can detect micrometastatic involvement of lymph nodes that are missed on routine pathologic examination, and, therefore, can improve lymph node staging. Its clinical significance in esophageal cancer warrants further study.
Short‐term tissue distribution, depuration and possible gene expression effects of [3H]TCDD exposure in soft‐shell clams (Mya arenaria)

A short-term, waterborne exposure and depuration study of Mya arenaria to [ 3 H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin([ 3 H]TCDD) was performed. Gill, digestive gland, foot, and gonad were sampled up to 2 weeks after a 24-h exposure to a low dose (10 parts per trillion [pptr]) or high dose (2,000 pptr) of [ 3 H]TCDD in the water. In the gill, peak concentrations occurred at the beginning of depuration (406 and 8,658 pg/g wet weight, low- and high-dose groups, respectively), whereas peak concentrations in the digestive gland and foot were found 12 to 24 h after exposure (digestive gland, 539 and 9,369 pg/g wet weight; foot, 146 and 2,718 pg/g wet weight; low- and high-dose groups, respectively). In contrast, tissue concentrations in the gonad increased through the post-exposure period; at 2 weeks after exposure, tissue concentrations were highest in the gonad (243 and 3,012 pg/g wet weight, low-and high-dose groups, respectively). Examination of gill and gonad by differential display polymerase chain reaction identified potential alterations in expression of genes that may be associated with increased cell cycling or translation initiation. This study shows that M. arenaria can accumulate TCDD in the gonad from an acute exposure, and it identifies several M. arenaria genes whose expression may be altered by TCDD exposure.
SIGNS OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN ACTIVE DUTY US MARINES CAN BE MEASURED WITH BRAIN MRI MAGNETO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY

Background Concussions are a leading cause of sustained physical, cognitive and emotional impairment in both athletes and military personnel. A pathological feature is disinhibited brain frontal and temporal lobe function, with impaired attention, memory, judgment, emotional regulation and decision-making. Objective Conventional neuroimaging has limited ability to detect structural abnormalities in mTBI. Alternatively, a neuroimaging biomarker using MRI magneto-encephalograpy (MEG) is capable of mapping brain wave activity in mTBI. The objective was to use MEG technology to study brain function during a computerized “Go-No Go” vigilance and reaction test in military personnel. Design Prospective, case series clinical study. Setting Active duty infantrymen from the US Marine Corps explosive ordnance disposal program (high concussion risk). Participants 37 male subjects, tested (summer of 2013) during pre-deployment training at Camp Pendleton, CA. Assessment of risk factors The subjects completed neuroimaging, neurocognitive assessment and clinical interviews. Each provided data on mTBI, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and had a MEG scan while performing the neurocognitive Go-NoGo test. Main outcome measurements 1) Motor cortex, frontal and temporal lobe activation, 2) commission errors (reacting when not supposed to), 3) PTSD and mTBI scoring. Results The Go stimulus activated the motor cortex exclusively, while the NoGo stimulus activated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left mediolateral temporal lobe (MLTL) exclusively. There were statistically significant negative correlations between: DLPFC and commission errors, and MLTL and Clinican-Administered PTSD scale. Conclusions MEG imaging showed regional brain activation patterns during functional tests requiring the individual to act, or to repress action. Lower activation of the frontal and temporal lobes was associated with more errors of inhibition, and greater fear symptoms. These structure-function relationships of the brain may be useful to predict concussion risk or monitor recovery. The subjects were deployed overseas (Fall 2013), and will be retested post-deployment (expected Spring 2015).
Runtime Checking for Program Verification Systems

One of the goals of program verification is to show that a program conforms to a specification written in a formal logic. Oftentimes, this process is hampered by errors in both the program and the specification. The time spent in identifying and eliminating these errors can even dominate the final verification effort. A runtime checker that can evaluate formal specifications can be extremely useful for quickly identifying such errors. Such a checker also enables verification approaches that combine static and dynamic program analyses. Finally, the underlying techniques are also useful for executing expressive high-level declarative languages. This paper describes the run-time checker we are developing in the context of the Jahob verification system. One of the challenges in building a runtime checker for a program verification system is that the language of invariants and assertions is designed for simplicity of semantics and tractability of proofs, and not for run-time checking. Some of the more challenging constructs include existential and universal quantification, set comprehension, specification variables, and formulas that refer to past program states. In this paper, we describe how we handle these constructs in our runtime checker, and describe several directions for future work.
Orthodox and unorthodox phylogenetic relationships among tunas revealed by the nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region

A phylogeny of all eight recognized taxa of the genus Thunnus was constructed from approximately 400 base pairs of sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. The PCR-amplified control region I segment studied contained a total of 186 variable sites and 159 phylogenetically informative sites. Diagnostic sequences for every taxon were identified. Neighbour-joining phylogenies supported monophyletic origins of the temperate subgenus Thunnus and of the tropical subgenus Neothunnus. Similar results were obtained by maximum parsimony analyses except that there was no support for a monophyletic origin of the subgenus Thunnus. Bigeye tuna, which have been diYcult to place in either subgenus using conventional morphological data, was identified as the sister species of Neothunnus. Within the subgenus Thunnus, the Atlantic bluefin and Southern bluefin tunas were shown to be sister taxa of the highly divergent monophyletic clade formed by the Pacific northern bluefin and the Albacore tunas. The conspecific Atlantic (T. thynnus thynnus) and Pacific (T. t. orientalis) northern bluefin tunas were more divergent (Tamura‐Nei distance 0·145&0·019) from each other than the average distance separating most species-pairs within the genus. Thus, a re-examination of their status as subspecies of T. thunnus is warranted. ? 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
A TIME STUDY OF OPTOMETRISTS‘ PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATION TO HUMAN AND COMPUTER ASSISTANTS

Eye examinations by optometrists and ophthalmologists can be aided by both human and computer assistants for an ultimate lower cost and greater availability. A time study of practising optometrists is used to indicate how the assistants can best be used and the time savings gained. The relative roles of optometry and ophthalmology in visual care may be affected by the general use of human and computer assistants.
Human-animal bonds I: the relational significance of companion animals.

The importance of human-animal bonds has been documented throughout history, across cultures, and in recent research. However, attachments with companion animals have been undervalued and even pathologized in the field of mental health. This article briefly surveys the evolution of human-animal bonds, reviews research on their health and mental health benefits, and examines their profound relational significance across the life course. Finally, the emerging field of animal-assisted interventions is described, noting applications in hospital and eldercare settings, and in innovative school, prison, farm, and community programs. The aim of this overview paper is to stimulate more attention to these vital bonds in systems-oriented theory, practice, and research. A companion paper in this issue focuses on the role of pets and relational dynamics in family systems and family therapy (Walsh, 2009a).
Heat transfer—A review of 2004 literature

Abstract The present review covers the heat transfer literature published in 2004 in English language, including some translations of foreign language papers. Though extensive, some selection is necessary. Only articles published by a process of peer review in archival journals are reviewed. Papers are grouped into subject-oriented sections and further divided into sub-fields. Many papers deal with the fundamental science of heat transfer, including experimental, numerical and analytical work; others relate to applications or natural systems. In addition to reviewing journal articles, this Review also takes note of important conferences and meetings on heat transfer and related areas, major awards presented in 2004, and relevant books published in 2004.
Resynchronization Therapy for the Treatment of Heart Failure

Heart failure remains a major cardiovascular health problem, afflicting 22 million individuals worldwide and approximately 5 million persons in the United States alone. Management of patients with this problem represents the largest single expense to Medicare. A common feature predictive of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure is prolongation of the QRS duration. Several different types of studies suggested QRS delay was an independent risk factor for adverse outcome, particularly in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.1,2 These data were derived from both longitudinal population studies and retrospective studies performed in heart failure patients with pacemakers and “acquired” left bundle branch block (LBBB).1,2 The significance of QRS delay in heart failure patients is that this common finding may be observed in up to 30% of patients with moderate to severe heart failure. Acute studies performed with hemodynamic measurements and nuclear imaging phase analysis demonstrate that QRS delay, particularly LBBB, creates electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with depressed left ventricular function. Delayed and inhomogeneous left ventricular activation reduces stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and time for aortic ejection. Reductions in left ventricular dP/dT, increased left ventricular end-systolic and diastolic volumes, and abnormal patterns of wall stretch are also seen.3–5 Additionally, ventricular dyssynchrony promotes functional mitral regurgitation. Acutely pacing the right and left ventricle simultaneously or pacing the left ventricle alone results in marked improvements and restoration of a more homogeneous contraction pattern (Figure 1 and Figure 2⇓). Figure 1. The upper panels represent phase images obtained during normal sinus rhythm with LBBB and during atrial sensed CRT. The contraction sequence is indicated by the color bar from early (green) to late (yellow). The histograms below each image illustrate the dispersion of the phase angle O, computed for the RV and LV blood pools. …
Rising Powers and Alternative Modes of Global Governance

For the largest emerging economies - Brazil, India, and China (the BICs) - efforts to expand their influence in global governance have centered on key formal institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Trade Organization (WTO). Less attention has been given to the rapid growth of alternative modes of global governance that deviate from the traditional model of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). BIC participation in and influence over four alternative modes are considered: informal groups of governments that produce soft law; informal governance structures within existing IGOs; networked governance in the form of transgovernmental networks (TGNs); and hybrid alternatives that include non-state actors, particularly non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Investigation of the logic of BIC participation in these alternative institutions produces three tentative conclusions, supported by illustrative rather than conclusive evidence. The rise of these new powers has coincided with the expansion of alternative modes of global governance, but parallel emergence has not meant alignment or promotion. Only the first of these alternative modes, state-centered production of soft law within ad hoc or informal groups of governments, coincides closely with the preferences of the rising powers. Overall, the governments of these newly influential powers have been conservative in their preference for intergovernmental organizations. Second, in confronting the new landscape of alternatives to intergovernmental organizations, the BICs have found that incumbent powers are often entrenched as deeply as they are in peak IGOs. Finally, the ability of the rising powers to expand their influence in these new forums will accelerate or decelerate depending on domestic political and economic resources that they bring to these new sites of global governance. Brazil, India, and China vary in the resource endowments that their domestic political configurations provide for this purpose.
The Influence of Linkage and Inbreeding on Patterns of Nucleotide Sequence Diversity at Duplicate Alcohol Dehydrogenase Loci in Wild Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum)

Patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity are analyzed for three duplicate alcohol dehydrogenase loci (adh1-adh3) within a species-wide sample of 25 accessions of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). The adh1 and adh2 loci are tightly linked (recombination fraction <0.01) while the adh3 locus is inherited independently. Wild barley is predominantly self-fertilizing (approximately 98%), and as a consequence, effective recombination is restricted by the extreme reduction in heterozygosity. Large reductions in effective recombination, in turn, widen the conditions for linkage to influence nucleotide sequence diversity through the action of selective sweeps or background selection. These considerations would appear to predict (1) homogeneity in patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity, especially between closely linked loci, and (2) extensive linkage disequilibrium relative to random-mating species. In contrast to these expectations, the wild barley data reveal heterogeneity in patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity and levels of linkage disequilibrium that are indistinguishable from those observed at adh1 in maize, an outbreeding grass species.
Newborn chickens generate invariant object representations at the onset of visual object experience

To recognize objects quickly and accurately, mature visual systems build invariant object representations that generalize across a range of novel viewing conditions (e.g., changes in viewpoint). To date, however, the origins of this core cognitive ability have not yet been established. To examine how invariant object recognition develops in a newborn visual system, I raised chickens from birth for 2 weeks within controlled-rearing chambers. These chambers provided complete control over all visual object experiences. In the first week of life, subjects’ visual object experience was limited to a single virtual object rotating through a 60° viewpoint range. In the second week of life, I examined whether subjects could recognize that virtual object from novel viewpoints. Newborn chickens were able to generate viewpoint-invariant representations that supported object recognition across large, novel, and complex changes in the object’s appearance. Thus, newborn visual systems can begin building invariant object representations at the onset of visual object experience. These abstract representations can be generated from sparse data, in this case from a visual world containing a single virtual object seen from a limited range of viewpoints. This study shows that powerful, robust, and invariant object recognition machinery is an inherent feature of the newborn brain.
Synthesis of Ultrafine β″-Alumina Powders via Flame Spray Pyrolysis of Polymeric Precursors

Flame spray pyrolysis of a polymeric precursor is used to prepare ultrafine powders that, when sintered, convert to essentially pure phase lithium-doped sodium β-alumina. The precursor Na 1.67 Al 10.67 Li 0.33 [N(CH 2 CH 2 O) 3 ] 10.67 -[OCH 2 CH 2 O]. x (HOCH 2 CH 2 OH has been synthesized from stoichiometric amounts of metal hydroxides and triethanolamine (N(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 3 , TEA) in excess ethylene glycol. The precursor is dissolved in ethanol, and an atomized spray of the solution is combusted in a specially constructed flame spray apparatus. Combustion occurs at ∼2000°C, followed by immediate quenching. This procedure provides for a measure of kinetic control over the process. The resulting nanopowder particles are 50-150 nm in diameter and exhibit powder X-ray diffractometry patterns similar to β-alumina. Heating the nanopowder at 30°C/min to 1200°C with a 1 h isotherm converts it to pure β-alumina. In preliminary sintering studies, green powder compacts (-65% theoretical density) sintered at 1600°C for 12 min densify to 3.0 ± 0.1 g/cm 3 (-92% theoretical density) with minimal loss of Na 2 O. This procedure offers several processing and cost advantages over conventional β-alumina syntheses.
Can Olanzapine Cause Delirium in the Elderly

Objective:To report a case of delirium probably caused by the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine in a 74-year-old man with dementia.Case Summary:A 74-year-old white man with a diagnosis of severe dementia of mixed etiology with behavioral disturbances was admitted to an urban teaching hospital for increasing agitation in the context of worsening dementia. Olanzapine 2.5 mg each evening was started for agitation, and the dose was titrated to 5 mg each evening with additional emergent doses. Memantine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, was increased from the admission dose of 10 mg/day to 15 mg/day. The patient developed symptoms of delirium on hospital day 4. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and other causes of delirium were ruled out. Discontinuation of olanzapine resulted in resolution of the delirium.Discussion:Antipsychotic medications are commonly used to treat symptoms of delirium. Atypical antipsychotics are better tolerated in the elderly because of their fewer adverse reactions compared with other ...
MHC-Restricted Antigen-Receptor Specific Regulatory T Cell Circuits in Man

In vitro analysis of interactions among various functionally and phenotypically distinct human T and nonT lymphoid cells has been greatly facilitated by the development of monoclonal antibodies (mab) to a variety of lymphoid cell surface molecules (1). With the use of such antibodies two major sublineages of human T cells were initially defined, Leu2+/T8+ cells which mediate most cytolytic and suppressor (Tc+Ts) effects and Leu3+/T4+ cells which mediate most helper/inducer (Th+Ti) functions (2–5). Cells within these two sublineages appear to recognize antigen in association with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products (HLA-A, B,C) and class II MHC (HLA-DR,DC,SB) products respectively, and this differential recognition of distinct MHC products influences the responses of cells within the two sublineages to a variety of stimuli (4,6).
Serotonin synthesis and distribution in Drosophila dopa decarboxylase genetic mosaics

In Drosophila, the enzyme dopa decarboxylase (DDC) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5HT) and dopamine. In the present study, the distribution of DDC and one of its biosynthetic products (5HT) was determined in CNSs that were genetic mosaics, composed of neurons that have DDC activity and neurons that lack DDC activity. Phenotypic mosaicism, that is, immunoreactive (IR) and non-IR neurons within the same nervous system, was observed for both DDC and 5HT immunoreactivity. DDC-IR neurons were always 5HT-IR, but some 5HT-IR neurons devoid of DDC immunoreactivity were also observed. 5HT-IR neurons devoid of DDC immunoreactivity were always in close apposition to other DDC-IR neurons. We suggest that in vivo uptake mechanisms are responsible for 5HT accumulation in neurons devoid of DDC immunoreactivity.
Review of Current Health Education Theories

This article presents a review of current theories and models in health education. Articles published in 2003 in the American Journal of Health Education, the American Journal of Health Behavior, Health Education and Behavior, Health Education Research, and the International Electronic Journal of Health Education, were reviewed. Concepts and constructs for each theory and model used are presented. The three predominant theories and models in this literature, The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Theory), the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior, and the Social Cognitive Theory are examined in greater detail.
The Negative Implications of the Commerce Clause

O N MARCH 4, 1935, the United States Supreme Court held in Baldwin v. Seelig' that the state of New York had no power to protect its milk producers against underselling by the producers of other states even though the former were by law forbidden to sell below prescribed prices,2 and the resulting competition would go far to wreck the whole statutory system. The particular statute condemned forbade in effect the sale of imported milk in New York unless its producers had been paid the equivalent of the New York standard price. The gist of the opinion of Mr. Justice Cardozo is contained in the following excerpts:
Characterizing the biotransformation of sulfur-containing wastes in simulated landfill reactors

Landfills that accept municipal solid waste (MSW) in the U.S. may also accept a number of sulfur-containing wastes including residues from coal or MSW combustion, and construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Under anaerobic conditions that dominate landfills, microbially mediated processes can convert sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The presence of H2S in landfill gas is problematic for several reasons including its low odor threshold, human toxicity, and corrosive nature. The objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate a laboratory-scale reactor method to measure the H2S production potential of a range of sulfur-containing wastes. The H2S production potential was measured in 8-L reactors that were filled with a mixture of the target waste, newsprint as a source of organic carbon required for microbial sulfate reduction, and leachate from decomposed residential MSW as an inoculum. Reactors were operated with and without N2 sparging through the reactors, which was designed to reduce H2S accumulation and toxicity. Both H2S and CH4 yields were consistently higher in reactors that were sparged with N2 although the magnitude of the effect varied. The laboratory-measured first order decay rate constants for H2S and CH4 production were used to estimate constants that were applicable in landfills. The estimated constants ranged from 0.11yr(-1) for C&D fines to 0.38yr(-1) for a mixed fly ash and bottom ash from MSW combustion.
Virginia Investment Partners Optimal Portfolio Allocation

This technical note provides a simple, yet powerful, optimization exercise to demonstrate the benefits of diversification in a portfolio and the importance of asset allocation. While the note is targeted for MBA students in an investments or portfolio management course, it is also appropriate for an advanced undergraduate course.
In kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus infection, early BK nephropathy, microvascular inflammation, and serum creatinine are risk factors for graft loss.

BACKGROUND Little information is available on the risk factors for graft loss in kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) nephropathy (BKVN) in the presence or absence of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). METHODS We examined the risk factors for graft loss in consecutive kidney allograft recipients with biopsy-confirmed BKVN, with or without concomitant AMR. RESULTS A total of 1904 kidney transplants were performed at our institution during 2005-2011. Of these, 330 (17.33%) were diagnosed with BKPyV viremia, and 69 were diagnosed with BKVN (3.6%). Eleven patients had a concomitant diagnosis of AMR. Patients with AMR were characterized by significantly higher peak panel-reactive antibody, retransplant rates, and desensitization preconditioning at the time of transplantation, as well as microvascular inflammation (MVI = glomerulitis + peritubular capillaritis), C4d score, and donor-specific antibody at the time of diagnosis (P ≤ 0.01). Treatment with plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cidofovir was more prevalent in this group (P ≤ 0.02). Univariate analyses assessing the risk factors for graft loss in all patients with BKVN, identified an independent association of African-American race, deceased-donor transplantation, serum creatinine (Scr), MVI, and early disease (BKVN within 6 months of transplant) with poor outcomes. Multivariate analyses retained only 3 variables: Scr >2 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-9.7, P = 0.0004), early BKVN (HR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.3, P = 0.004), and MVI (HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that, in patients with BK infection, early BKVN, Scr >2, and MVI are predictors of poor outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine effective treatment strategies for BKVN, with or without AMR.
Extraction of wavedrag from airfoil wake measurements

The possibility of determining airfoil wavedrag using routine wake drag measurements is examined. TWO approaches are considered, one which utilizes the unsymmetrical nature of a wake profile when wavedrag is Present, and another which reconstructs the deficit profile due to the wavedrag alone. The two methods are shown to agree reasonably well, but the latter one is preferred because it exhibits less data scatter. Checks on the reasonableness of the results are given, and several examples showing the utility of the method a s a diagnostic tool are presented.
Aeroelastic Response of a Finite Span NACA 0018 Wing Part 2: Computational Simulations

The aeroelastic behavior of a finite aspect ratio (A= 12) NACA0018 wing is computationally analyzed. HPCMP CREATETM-AV Kestrel, a fully coupled computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and computational structural dynamic (CSD) code is used to assess different regimes of unsteady aeroelastic behavior. First, as a baseline, a rigid wing is simulated and compared to experimental measurements as well as theoretical values. Second, an aeroelastic simulation with a stiff wing, in which the geometry deforms in both bending and torsion, is compared to experimental measurements. It is shown that wing bending induces separation at a lower angle of attack as compared to the rigid simulations. Finally, a very flexible wing simulation is performed to assess the dynamic instability known as stall flutter. The fluttering unsteady simulation aligns well with aeroelastic analytical formulation. Results from each regime show very good comparison to theoretical values as well as experimental measurements. Stall cells or mushrooms are shown at highly stalled angles of attack, and it is also observed that spanwise pressure gradients due to aeroelastic deformation have tremendous influence on the development of these flow structures. Overall, the CFD-CSD simulation technique is qualified for computing dynamic aeroelastic phenomena.
Ergot alkaloid transport across ruminant gastric tissues

Ergot alkaloids cause fescue toxicosis when livestock graze endophyte-infected tall fescue. It is generally accepted that ergovaline is the toxic component of endophyte-infected tall fescue, but there is no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. The objective of this study was to examine relative and potential transport of ergoline and ergopeptine alkaloids across isolated gastric tissues in vitro. Sheep ruminal and omasal tissues were surgically removed and placed in parabiotic chambers. Equimolar concentrations of lysergic acid, lysergol, ergonovine, ergotamine, and ergocryptine were added to a Kreb's Ringer phosphate (KRP) solution on the mucosal side of the tissue. Tissue was incubated in near-physiological conditions for 240 min. Samples were taken from KRP on the serosal side of the chambers at times 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min and analyzed for ergot alkaloids by competitive ELISA. The serosal KRP remaining after incubation was freeze-dried and the alkaloid species quantified by HPLC. The area of ruminal and omasal tissues was measured and the potential transportable alkaloids calculated by multiplying the moles of transported alkaloids per square centimeter of each tissue type by the surface area of the tissue. Studies were conducted to compare alkaloid transport in reticular, ruminal, and omasal tissues and to determine whether transport was active or passive. Ruminal tissue had greater ergot alkaloid transport potential than omasal tissue (85 vs 60 mmol) because of a larger surface area. The ruminal posterior dorsal sac had the greatest potential for alkaloid transport, but the other ruminal tissues were not different from one another. Alkaloid transport was less among reticular tissues than among ruminal tissues. Transport of alkaloids seemed to be an active process. The alkaloids with greatest transport potential were lysergic acid and lysergol. Ergopeptine alkaloids tended to pass across omasal tissues in greater quantities than across ruminal tissues, but their transport was minimal compared to lysergic acid and lysergol.
Baxter Online Hemodiafiltration Systems

The interest in convection as a transport principle in haemodialysis grew in the 1970s. In 1980 Gambro launched the world’s first complete system for auto-controlled haemofiltration, AK-10 HFM 10-1, an important breakthrough in improving clearance of middle sized molecules. Bags with pharmacy-prepared infusion fluid were used and fluid balance was achieved by weighing devices. An experimentally modified HFM-10 system was found to safely deliver on-line prepared fluid for convective treatments.
Research on Application of SNMP Network Management in Power Grid Video Monitoring Platform

The article introduces the concept and development of SNMP protocol firstly,and then emphasizes the design of Management Information Lib(MIB).According to the requirement of network management system for power grid video monitoring platform,it gives an implement method to manage the equipments and devices based on SNMP protocol.Finally it brings forward the future development prospect for network management system by the field application.
Dynamic Tuning Retransmission Limit of IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol for Networked Control Systems

Building networked control systems over wireless networks is an extremely challenging task, as the wireless communication characteristics such as random packet losses and delay, significantly affect the stability and the performance of the control systems. We present a novel approach to the design of wireless networked control system. This approach decomposes the design concerns into two factors and addresses them separately in two design spaces -- stability of the system is ensured using a passivity-based architecture at the control layer, while the performance of the system is optimized at the communication layer by adjusting the network operation parameters. This paper focuses on the design of IEEE 802.11-based wireless network. In particular, we present a MAC controller that dynamically adjusts the retransmission limit to track the optimal trade-off between packet losses and transmission delays and thus optimizes the overall control system performance. Simulation results show that our approach significantly improves the performance of the networked control systems.
Hybridizing semianalytical and conventional finite-element schemes for simulations of electromagnetic borehole resistivity measurement

ABSTRACTA semianalytical finite-element method (FEM) has been developed to simulate electromagnetic borehole resistivity measurements in a layered underground formation. A piecewise homogeneous structure is divided into several layers. Each layer is uniform in the longitudinal direction, and the distributions of geometry and material can be arbitrary on the transverse plane, or cross section, of the layer. To develop this semianalytical finite-element scheme, the standard functional corresponding to the vector wave equation is cast to a new form in the Hamiltonian system based on dual variables that are the transverse components of electric and magnetic fields on the cross section of the layer. The 2D finite elements are used to discretize the cross section, and a high-precision integration scheme based on the Riccati equations is used to exploit the longitudinal homogeneity in the layer. By transforming a 3D layered problem into a series of 2D problems, this semianalytical FEM can save a great amount of ...
Life course persistent and adolescence limited conduct disorder in a nationally representative US sample: prevalence, predictors, and outcomes.

The course of conduct disorder (CD) is heterogeneous. Moffitt proposed the heuristic of life course persistent (LCP) and adolescence limited (AL) to differentiate etiologically distinct forms of antisocial behavior (AB), each with distinct predictors and consequences, although a few studies have assessed this demarcation within the context of CD. The objective of this study was to apply Moffitt’s taxonomy in a nationally representative US sample to investigate the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of LCP and AL CD. Data come from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies, a set of population-based nationally representative cross-sectional surveys (N = 20,130). Predictors included harsh discipline, maternal and paternal closeness, poverty in childhood, history of learning disability, parental deviance, and nativity. Outcomes included substance use, employment status, education attainment, marital status, income level, and self-rated mental and physical health. The prevalence of LCP and AL CD was 0.5 and 4.6%, respectively, for females, and 1.9 and 5.1%, respectively, for males. Low childhood SES [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.49], lack of maternal closeness (OR = 2.50), and history of harsh discipline (OR = 2.17) increased odds of LCP group membership. The LCP group had higher odds of developing substance use disorders (OR = 2.00) relative to AL. LCP CD is more strongly influenced by childhood environment and confers increased odds for substance use problems in adulthood relative to AL CD.
Free energy models for ice VII and liquid water derived from pressure, entropy, and heat capacity relations

We present equations of state relevant to conditions encountered in ramp and multiple-shock compression experiments of water. These experiments compress water from ambient conditions to pressures as high as about 14 GPa and temperatures of up to several hundreds of Kelvin. Water may freeze into ice VII during this process. Although there are several studies on the thermodynamic properties of ice VII, an accurate and analytic free energy model from which all other properties may be derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner has not been previously determined. We have developed such a free energy model for ice VII that is calibrated with pressure-volume-temperature measurements and melt curve data. Furthermore, we show that liquid water in the pressure and temperature range of interest is well-represented by a simple Mie-Gruneisen equation of state. Our liquid water and ice VII equations of state are validated by comparing to sound speed and Hugoniot data. Although they are targeted towards ramp and multiple-shock compression experiments, we demonstrate that our equations of state also behave reasonably well at pressures and temperatures that lie somewhat beyond those found in the experiments.
Mercury affects the phylloplane fungal community of blueberry leaves to a lesser extent than plant age

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal pollutant that is globally distributed due to atmospheric deposition to non-point source locations. Leaf surfaces directly sequester atmospheric Hg. Little is known of how phylloplane (leaf surface) fungi are influenced by Hg pollution. Through culture-based methodology, this study analysed fungal phylloplane community identity following a single-dose response to HgCl2 concentrations between 0 and 20 times ambient levels for New Jersey. Time passed following the Hg addition had a strong influence on the fungal phylloplane community, associated with natural successional changes. Mercury, however, did not significantly affect the phylloplane community identity. Notably, the control group was not significantly different than any of the Hg treatments. How the phylloplane functional group responds to Hg pollution has not been previously investigated and more research is needed to fully understand how Hg influences fungal phylloplane ecology.
“Short Food Supply Chain” and Promotion of Local Food in EU and Italian Law

This chapter intends to highlight how the emergence of EU and Italian interest in local food plays an important role in changing the criteria for choosing which forms of the “short supply chain” will be incentivized in the agro-food system.
Serving Children and Families Through Community-University Partnerships: A View of the Issues

A sea change is occurring in the way in which colleges and universities work with communities to promote the positive development of youth and families. Across both public and private institutions a model is emerging for the creation or enhancement of community-university collaborations and of university units devoted to “outreach scholarship” to better serve youth, families, and communities. New, university-wide centers or institutes devoted to integrating the university’s ability to generate, transmit, preserve, or apply knowledge with the strengths, vision, values, and voice of the community are being established (Lerner & Miller, 1998). In turn, units whose traditional mission has been community collaboration (such as the Cooperative Extension Service) have a new vigor as they find impetus for weaving their work throughout the fabric of the institution (Votruba, 1992).
Lattice Growth Models

Since the 1960’s, Monte Carlo simulations with lattice gas models have been used to study a variety of surface phenomena including roughening transitions [1–3] and the properties of adsorbed monolayers [4]. These lattice gas models are based on the Ising model [4,5]. Lattice sites are assigned occupation variables, c i , with values 1 and 0, if the site is occupied or empty, respectively. The Hamiltonian for the lattice generally depends on the interactions between occupied nearest- (n) and next-nearest neighbor (nn) sites. This approach has also been used to model equilibrium and growth morphologies of crystals [6–9] and growth rate dependence on temperature and supersaturation [10,11]. These studies focused on interface kinetics and in some cases included surface diffusion. Recently [12–16], the interplay between bulk transport and interface kinetics has been included in lattice growth models. Transport of the growth species in the nutrient phase is accounted for by considering the random walk of a potential growth unit. At the interface, attachment, surface diffusion and detachment kinetics are considered. Transition probabilities for surface processes are calculated from pair interaction energies, growth temperature and the nutrient chemical potential at the surface. In this sense, the model may be considered as a combination of the Gilmer-Bennema model [10] and the diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) model of Witten and Sander [17]. Examples of 2D and 3D simulations are presented which demonstrate the ability of this approach to incorporate both microscopic and macroscopic contributions to the evolution of growth morphologies.
Taking a Closer Look at the Plight of Third-Country Nationals: Making the Case Against Legislative Reform

Currently, the United States considers a number of factors when deciding whether to grant asylum to an individual. These include: 1) whether or not the asylum seeker is firmly resettled in another safe country; and 2) whether the individual used fraudulent documentation in his or her attempt to secure asylum in the United States. With the number of asylum seekers increasing, the United States is hoping to curb these numbers through the adoption of the "safe haven" doctrine. Under this doctrine, an asylum seeker's application must be considered by the first "safe" country through which he travels. This allows the United States to administratively turn away many applications that it would have otherwise considered in the past. The dangers of the safe haveti doctrine are illustrated by the European Community's (EC) implementation of similar legal rules. Many problems have resulted from the use of these rules. For example, the outer EC states bordering eastern Europe must handle a vastly greater proportion of applications for asylum than the more interior western European EC states. Furthermore, the adoption of the safe haven doctrine should be carefully scrutinized, because questionable criteria are used in deciding whether a particular country is, in fact, safe. This Note explores the policy implications of the safe haven doctrine by examining its implementation by the EC. Additionally, it analyzes the effect the safe haven doctrine will have on the relationship between the United States and neighboring countries. Finally, based on this analysis, the Note concludes that the "firm resettlement" doctrine is a better legal rule for the adjudication of asylum applications than the safe haven doctrine.
Conceptual Design Loss-of-Coolant Accident Analysis for the Advanced Neutron Source Reactor

A RELAP5 system model for the Advanced Neutron Source Reactor has been developed for performing conceptual safety analysis report calculations. To better represent thermal-hydraulic behavior of the core, three specific changes in the RELAP5 computer code were implemented: a turbulent forced-convection heat transfer correlation, a critical heat flux (CHF) correlation, and an interfacial drag correlation. The model consists of the core region, the heat exchanger loop region, and the pressurizing/letdown system region. Results for three loss-of-coolant accident analyses are presented: (1) an instantaneous double-ended guillotine (DEG) core outlet break with a cavitating venturi installed downstream of the core, (b) a core pressure boundary tube outer wall rupture, and (c) a DEG core inlet break with a finite break-formation time. The results show that the core can survive without exceeding the flow excursion of CHF thermal limits at a 95% probability level if the proper mitigation options are provided.
On the Relative Complexity of 15 Problems Related to 0/1-Integer Programming

An integral part of combinatorial optimization and computational complexity consists of establishing relationships between different problems or different versions of the same problem. In this chapter, we bring together known and new, previously published and unpublished results, which establish that 15 problems related to optimizing a linear function over a 0/1-polytope are polynomial-time equivalent. This list of problems includes optimization and augmentation, testing optimality and primal separation, sensitivity analysis and inverse optimization, as well as several others.
Illness pathways between eating disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: Understanding comorbidity with network analysis.

Eating disorders (EDs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid. However, specific mechanisms by which PTSD-ED comorbidity is maintained are unknown. The current study constructed two PTSD-ED comorbidity networks (25 EDs and 17 PTSD symptoms) in two samples: a clinical (N = 158 individuals with an ED diagnosis) and a nonclinical sample (N = 300 college students). Glasso networks were constructed to identify (1) pathways between disorders (bridge symptoms) and (2) core symptoms. Three illness pathways emerged: between binge eating and irritability, between desire for a flat stomach and disturbing dreams, and between concentration problems and weight and shape-related concentration problems. Our findings suggest that pathways between binge eating and irritability, body dissatisfaction and trauma reminders, and concentration difficulties may be the mechanisms by which comorbidity is maintained. Interventions disrupting these pathways and targeting core and bridge symptoms may be more efficient than traditional treatment approaches.