cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adlerian personality priorities: Psychological and attitudinal differences

This study investigated the relationship between Adlerian personality priorities (pleasing, achieving, outdoing, detaching, avoiding) and several selected psychological and attitudinal variables theoretically linked to those priorities. Two hundred sixty-two undergraduate students completed measures of personality priority, locus of control, social interest, self-esteem, and dysfunctional attitudes. Results revealed significant differences between the various personality priorities on measures of self-esteem, social interest, internal locus of control, and dysfunctional attitudes. These findings lend empirical support for the use of personality priorities as a tool for conceptualizing clients. Implications for counseling practice and future research on personality priorities are presented.
Characterization of a human gene with sequence homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIR2.

Abstract The proteins encoded by the SIR1, SIR2, SIR3 and SIR4 genes in yeast repress transcription at the mating type loci and telomeres. Among the SIR genes, SIR2 is the most evolutionarily conserved, and a number of genes with homology to SIR2 have been identified. In addition to transcriptional silencing, the product of SIR2 gene (Sir2p) has been shown to be involved in DNA repair and suppression of rDNA recombination. In the present study, the complete sequence of a human gene, SIR2L, with homology to the yeast SIR2 gene is presented. Comparison of the predicted sequence of the protein encoded by the SIR2L gene (SIR2Lp) with Sir2p or other proteins with homology to Sir2p reveals 20–33% overall identity and four highly conserved regions, the significance of which is unknown. SIR2L codes for a 2.1 kb transcript which is expressed in various human tissues. The expression level of the transcript is found to be relatively high in the heart, brain and skeletal muscle tissues and low in lung and placenta. The intracellular location of SIR2Lp was visualized by fusion to the Green Fluorescent Protein or with a FLAG-tag. The results indicate that unlike Sir2p in yeast, SIR2Lp in human cells is found primarily in the cytoplasm. Using a mammalian inducible expression system, we also observed that unlike SIR2 in yeast, overexpression of SIR2L in human cancer cells has no effect on cell growth. Thus, although the human SIR2L gene appears to be related to the yeast SIR2 gene, it does not appear to have similar functions.
Fluoro, alkylsulfanyl, and alkylsulfonyl leaving groups in suzuki cross-coupling reactions of purine 2'-deoxynucleosides and nucleosides.

Protected 2‘-deoxynucleoside and nucleoside derivatives of 6-fluoropurine, 6-(3-methylbutyl)sulfanylpurine, and 6-(3-methylbutyl)ylsulfonylpurine undergo nickel- or palladium-mediated C−C cross-coupling with arylboronic acids to give good yields of 6-arylpurine products.
Genome scan for quantitative trait loci influencing HDL levels: evidence for multilocus inheritance in familial combined hyperlipidemia

Several genome scans in search of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been performed. However, to date the actual identification of genes implicated in the regulation of common forms of HDL abnormalities remains unsuccessful. This may be due, in part, to the oligogenic and multivariate nature of HDL regulation, and potentially, pleiotropy affecting HDL and other lipid-related traits. Using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach, we recently provided evidence of linkage of HDL level variation to the APOA1–C3–A4–A5 gene complex, in familial combined hyperlipidemia pedigrees, with an estimated number of two to three large QTLs remaining to be identified. We also presented results consistent with pleiotropy affecting HDL and triglycerides at the APOA1–C3–A4–A5 gene complex. Here we use the same MCMC analytic strategy, which allows for oligogenic trait models, as well as simultaneous incorporation of covariates, in the context of multipoint analysis. We now present results from a genome scan in search for the additional HDL QTLs in these pedigrees. We provide evidence of linkage for additional HDL QTLs on chromosomes 3p14 and 13q32, with results on chromosome 3 further supported by maximum parametric and variance component LOD scores of 3.0 and 2.6, respectively. Weaker evidence of linkage was also obtained for 7q32, 12q12, 14q31–32 and 16q23–24.
Deep-marine tidal bottom currents and their reworked sands in modern and ancient submarine canyons

Abstract Submarine canyons provide a unique setting for tidal processes to operate from shallow-marine to deep-marine environments. In modern canyons, current-meter measurements at varying water depths (46–4200 m) show a close correlation between the timing of up- and down-canyon currents and the timing of semi-diurnal tides. These tidal bottom currents in submarine canyons commonly attain maximum velocities of 25–50 cm/s. Based on core and outcrop studies of modern and ancient deep-marine deposits, it is proposed here that sand-mud rhythmites, double mud layers, climbing ripples, mud-draped ripples, alternation of parallel and cross-laminae, sigmoidal cross-bedding with mud drapes, internal erosional surfaces, lenticular bedding, and flaser bedding can be used to interpret deposits of deep-marine tidal currents. This approach is an alternative to the conventional approach in which most deep-water traction structures (e.g. climbing ripples and cross-bedding) would be attributed to deposition from turbidity currents. Underwater photographs show active mass flows (i.e. slides, slumps, grain flows, and debris flows) in modern canyons. Box cores taken from modern submarine canyons (e.g. La Jolla, California) and conventional cores and outcrops of ancient canyon-fill facies (Oua Iboe, Pliocene, Nigeria and the Annot Sandstone, Eocene–Oligocene, SE France) contain deposits of both tidal processes and mass flows. This facies association in the rock record can be used as a criterion for recognizing submarine canyon settings. In a channel-mouth environment, deep-marine tidal deposits are likely to develop elongate bars that are aligned parallel to the channel axis within the channel, whereas turbidites are more likely to develop depositional lobes that are aligned perpendicular to channel axis. Turbidite depositional lobes are much larger than the channel width, whereas tidal sand bars are much smaller than the channel width. Therefore, the wrong use of a turbidite lobe model with sheet geometry in lieu of a tidal bar model with bar geometry will result in an unrealistic overestimation of sandstone reservoirs in deep-water exploration.
Using generalized additive models for prediction of chlorophyll a in Lake Okeechobee, Florida

Long-term eutrophication data collected by the South Florida Water Management District at eight stations in the pelagic region of Lake Okeechobee since 1980 were combined with those from littoral region stations collected since 1986. These data were supplemented by those collected by the University of Florida in conjunction with the Lake Okeechobee Ecosystem Study. Generalized additive models (GAM) were fit to the chlorophyll a response for each of five previously documented‘ecological zones’, each using the same predictor variables for comparison between zones. Significant nonlinear increasing relationships between log10 TP and log10 chlorophyll a were found for littoral and near littoral regions of the lake, which change to decreasing at certain (high) levels of log10 TP. This change to a decreasing function suggests light limitation associated with high TP levels due to particle resuspension. The error distribution of the GAM compare favourably to those of linear models. The relationship of the chlorophyll a response to the predictors used in the GAM appear similar for littoral and near littoral regions, as they do for north pelagic and central pelagic ecological zones, with intermediate shapes of these functions found in the transition zone between these two groups.
Developing Web Prototypes for Mobile-Learning Design Research

This paper explores the challenges in developing prototypes for mobile app development and explains how a web-based prototype addresses these challenges and can assist designers in both the design and testing process. The authors explored issues around prototype development by studying a prototype created for iAdvocate, an educational mobile application. Using data from the process of developing and implementing iAdvocate, the authors explore the criteria and requirements regarding the prototype development in mobile-learning design.
The hybrid equilibria and core selection in exchange economies with externalities

Abstract This paper introduces a hybrid equilibrium concept that combines the elements of cooperative and non-cooperative behaviors in an exchange economy with externalities. For a fixed coalition structure (or a partition of traders), the hybrid equilibrium is a price and consumption bundle such that each coalition chooses a core solution from its budget set and the consumption bundles are feasible. It becomes the competitive equilibrium when the position is the finest, and it selects a core allocation when the partition is the coarsest. The paper provides sufficient conditions for the existence of a hybrid equilibrium for any coalition structure.
Sickle cell diseases: diagnosis and management in infancy and childhood.

From their basic genetic and molecular mechanisms to their clinical expression, the sickle cell hemoglobinopathies are among the best understood of human diseases. However, advances in clinical management have not progressed as rapidly: sickle cell anemia, as of 1987, is still largely incurable and its treatment is empiric and symptomatic. Despite this, today we have a better understanding of the natural history of the sickle hemoglobinopathies and many of their clinical complications. This has led to improved diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic strategies which have reduced the considerable morbidity and mortality of these diseases. The sickle cell disorders will be reviewed from genetic, biochemical, and clinical perspectives. Particular emphasis will be given to the rationale and strategies for neonatal testing and comprehensive clinical follow-up. Although it is widely believed that the gene for Hb S is almost exclusively, African, it has, in fact, a much wider geographic distribution. There is a broad periequatorial sickle cell belt in Africa. From Africa, the sickle gene was introduced into the Western hemisphere by the 16th and 17th century slave trade. In the United States today, sickle cell disorders are particularly prevalent in the South and in the urban North, reflecting the demography of black America. In the Carribean and Latin America, relatively high frequencies are seen in Purto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Panama, Guyana, and Brazil, but not in Mexico and most of South America.
Achieving resilience of heterogeneous networks through predictive, formal analysis

Rapid development and wide deployment of wireless technologies in recent years have brought an increasing number and variety of services that are accessible directly from mobile terminals via multiple network access technologies (e.g, Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE, etc). A particular traffic flow may go through different kinds of networks, which greatly increases the end-to-end connectivity opportunities. However, the disadvantage of multinetworks is that a failure or change in one network type may affect many traffic flows. Thus, the various networks in a multinetwork cannot be managed in isolation. Rather we need methodologies that analyze the effects of changes in these dynamic and heterogeneous network environments in unison. Traditional network analysis approaches only focus on static network attributes and do not fully consider the impact of failures on quality of services (QoS) across flows. In this paper, we design and implement a "what-if" analysis methodology using formal methods. Our methodology analyzes the impact of failures and changes in heterogeneous networks on QoS of flows. The results of the formal analysis can guide network administrators in their decisions to proactively adapt network configurations to achieve mission or application objectives. We illustrate our methodology with the help of use cases such as incorporating additional nodes in a network or reconfiguring the network due to failure. We compare our results with conventional network configuration approaches and show how our formal methodology provides more effective decision support than conventional network configuration approaches and that it scales better than simulation approaches.
In utero gender dimorphism of adiponectin reflects insulin sensitivity and adiposity of the fetus.

Circulating adiponectin reflects the degree of energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity of adult individuals. Low abundance of the high molecular weight (HMW) multimers, the most active forms mediating the insulin-sensitizing effects of adiponectin, is indicative of impaired metabolic status. The increase in fetal adiponectin HMW compared with adults is a distinctive features of human neonates. To further understand the functional properties of adiponectin during fetal life, we have evaluated the associations of adiponectin with insulin sensitivity, body composition, and gender. Umbilical cord adiponectin, adiponectin complexes, and metabolic parameters were measured at term by elective cesarean delivery. The associations between adiponectin, measures of body composition, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in relation to fetal gender in 121 singleton neonates. Higher total adiponectin concentrations in female compared with male fetuses (34.3 ± 9.5 vs. 24.9 ± 8.6, P < 0.001) were associated with a 3.2-fold greater abundance in circulating HMW complexes (0.20 ± 0.03 vs. 0.08 ± 0.03, P < 0.001, n = 9). Adiponectin was positively correlated with neonatal fat mass (r = 0.27, P < 0.04) and percent body fat in female fetuses (r = 0.28, P < 0.03) and with lean mass in males (r = 0.28, P < 0.03). There was no significant correlation between cord adiponectin and fasting insulin concentrations or fetal insulin sensitivity as estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The gender dimorphism for plasma adiponectin concentration and complex distribution first appears in utero. In sharp contrast to the inverse correlation found in adults, the positive relationship between adiponectin and body fat is a specific feature of the fetus.
Variability of Mars' North Polar Water Ice Cap: II. Analysis of Viking IRTM and MAWD Data

Abstract We have examined Viking Orbiter albedo, thermal, and atmospheric water vapor data acquired during Mars' northern summer season and compared these results with the imaging results of D. S. Bass, K. E. Herkenhoff, and D. A. Paige (2000, Icarus 144 , 382–396). The Viking thermal mapper data show an increase in the albedo of the entire north water ice cap, consistent with imaging data results. We find a strong correlation between polar cap surface temperature and atmospheric water vapor, but we note that the atmospheric water vapor data do not increase dramatically until the cap center temperature exceeds 200 K. The Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper data support the conclusion that cold trapping is the correct explanation for the observed late summer brightening of the residual water ice cap. We suggest that the retreating seasonal carbon dioxide cap takes the water with it and not until the receding cold trap reaches the cap center is the bulk of the water released into the atmosphere. This process, plus the deposition of fresh ice onto the cap later in the summer season, will tend to close the north polar cap's annual water cycle.
Open-air laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide coatings

This study demonstrates the open-air deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) by laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) using an enclosureless (open-air) reactor system. Films are deposited on fused quartz substrates using the precursor gas trimethylsilane (TrMS). Based on Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the film's chemical composition and microstructure is determined to be composed of a form of silicon carbide (SiC:H) with organic moiety. To understand the temperature-dependence of film growth during deposition, varying deposition conditions were employed to correlate the SiC film deposition rate and deposition temperature.
Fertility decision making, unintended births, and the social drift hypothesis: A longitudinal study

To explore relationships between fertility intentions and subsequent childbearing, data were collected from 334 mothers in a metropolitan area in 1963 and again in 1971, allowing for a time interval of eight years for testing a series of hypotheses on fertility control. The results suggested that social psychological obstacles to decision making should be taken into account as potential qualifiers of the more rational models of fertility behavior currently prevalent in the literature. The alienation variable of meaninglessness was examined in conjunction with education, age at marriage, marital duration, and previous parity. The analyses indicated that pregnancies for many women are experienced as occurrences, happenings, or unintended events within a social psychological context of social drift.
sqv-3, -7, and -8, a set of genes affecting morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans, encode enzymes required for glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis

Abstract sqv (squashed vulva) genes comprise a set of eight independent loci in Caenorhabditis elegans required zygotically for the invagination of vulval epithelial cells and maternally for normal oocyte formation and embryogenesis. Sequencing of sqv-3, sqv-7, and sqv-8 suggested a role for the encoded proteins in glycolipid or glycoprotein biosynthesis. Using a combination of in vitro analysis of SQV enzymatic activities, sqv+-mediated rescue of vertebrate cell lines, and biochemical characterization of sqv mutants, we show that sqv-3, -7, and -8 all affect the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans and therefore compromise the function of one specific class of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans. These findings establish the importance of proteoglycans and their associated glycosaminoglycans in epithelial morphogenesis and patterning during C. elegans development.
Programming of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators on the Basis of the Upper Limit of Vulnerability

Background A patient-specific measure of defibrillation efficacy that requires a minimum number of ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes would be valuable for programming implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) is the weakest shock strength at or above which VF is not induced when a stimulus is delivered during the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle. It correlates with the defibrillation threshold (DFT) and can be determined with a single episode of VF. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that ICDs programmed on the basis of the ULV convert spontaneous ICD-detected VF reliably. Methods and Results We studied 100 consecutive patients at ICD implantation and during follow-up of 20±7 months. At implantation, the ULV and DFT were determined, and the ICD system was tested at a shock strength equal to the ULV+3 J. During follow-up, the strength of the first shock was programmed to the ULV+5 J for arrhythmias detected in the VF zone (cycle len...
Optimal Speed Scaling Algorithms under Speed Change Constraints

In this paper, we investigate energy-aware real-time scheduling algorithms with speed change constraints. A processor is equipped with variable \emph{clock frequency} (\emph{speedy}) feature and is used to schedule a set of given jobs with deadlines. Each speed change involves time/energy overhead and recent studies show that it also impacts negatively the processor's \emph{lifetime reliability}. Motivated by this, we study theoretical energy-aware scheduling problems with consideration of number and cost of speed changes. We associate a cost with each speed change to reflect its negative impact on the processor's lifetime reliability. We design speed schedules to satisfy all jobs' deadlines and optimize the energy consumption and the total cost incurred due to speed changes. Four related problems based on this framework are considered. We develop algorithms that perform arbitrarily close to the optimal and we also analyze their time complexities.
Efficient routing of multiple vehicles with no communication

In this paper we present a class of dynamic vehicle routing problems, in which a number of mobile agents in the plane must visit target points generated over time by a stochastic process. It is desired to design motion coordination strategies in order to minimize the expected time between the appearance of a target point and the time it is visited by one of the agents. We propose control strategies that, while making minimal or no assumptions on communications between agents, provide the same level of steady-state performance achieved by the best known centralized strategies. In other words, we demonstrate that inter-agent communication does not improve the efficiency of such systems, but merely affects the rate of convergence to the steady state. Furthermore, the proposed strategies do not rely on the knowledge of the details of the underlying stochastic process.
Physical activity and depression in middle and older-aged adults with multiple sclerosis

Abstract Background Depression is common among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and research shows that individuals, including individuals with MS, who are more physically active report lower rates of depression. However, little is known about the relative importance of level of physical activity (e.g., moderate versus vigorous) in relationship to depression, or the role that age might play in this relationship among people with MS. The current study sought to (1) clarify the associations between moderate and vigorous physical activity and depression in a sample of individuals with MS, (2) determine the associations between age and physical activity, and (3) test for the potential moderating influence of age on the associations between physical activity and depression. Objective/hypothesis Cross-sectional survey. Methods 112 individuals with MS completed a survey assessing demographic variables, amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity, and depression. Results There was a gradual decrease in the amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity as age increased, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Moderate physical activity was significantly (negatively) associated with depression across all age cohorts. Time spent in vigorous physical activity was significantly (negatively) associated with depression among the middle-aged but not younger or older participants who are physically active. Conclusions The findings support a link between moderate physical activity and depression and, for middle-aged individuals, vigorous physical activity and depression in persons with MS. The findings indicate that research examining the impact of activity enhancing treatments on depression in individuals with MS is warranted.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the hippocampal formation and mammillary nuclei distinguish medial temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia.

Studies of circumscribed amnesia have been a useful source of information about the organization of human memory functions. In an effort to obtain neuroanatomical information about the patients being studied, we have used 2 high-resolution protocols for imaging the human brain with magnetic resonance (MR). One provides images of the hippocampus, permitting visualization of the hippocampal formation in considerable detail. The second provides images of the mammillary nuclei. Four amnesic patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome had abnormally small mammillary nuclei that were barely detectable by MR in most cases. The temporal lobe, hippocampal formation, and parahippocampal gyrus were of normal size. In a second group of 4 (non- Korsakoff) amnesic patients, the opposite findings were obtained. The hippocampal formation was markedly reduced in size in the absence of a detectable change in the size of the temporal lobe. By contrast, the mammillary nuclei, though somewhat reduced in volume, were considerably larger than in the patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. The anatomical findings for individual patients generally corresponded to the severity of their memory impairment. The results show that neuroimaging techniques can distinguish between patients with diencephalic and medial temporal lobe amnesia. These techniques can therefore provide useful information about the crucial issue of patient classification, and they set the stage for exploring possible quantitative and qualitative differences between patients.
Adrenal medulla in neural grafting and neural plasticity

The recent history of neural transplantation using the adrenal medulla parallels an evolution in our thinking about neural grafting as a therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Initially, neural grafting was an approach to study development and regeneration. With the discovery that adrenal chromaffin cell grafts would ameliorate some of the motor deficits associated with the loss of striatal dopamine, adrenal grafts were used to provide dopamine to the dopamine-depleted striatum. However, subsequent studies showed poor chromaffin cell survival unless trophic factors were present at the site of transplantation. These experiments lead to the appreciation of the complex interactions between neurotrophic factors, inflammatory cytokines, the grafted tissue, and the host brain's response. Thus, we find ourselves again using neural transplantation as an approach to help us better understand central nervous system plasticity and the features this plasticity shares in common with development and regeneration. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Controlled Release of Natural Polyphenols in Oral Cavity Using Starch Pickering Emulsion

The goal of this study was to determine the potential use of starch Pickering emulsion as a vehicle to deliver a natural phenolic compound, curcumin in the oral cavity. To this end, an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was prepared using starch molecules as the stabilizer/emulsifier. The physical stability, oxygen permeability and release of curcumin from the starch Pickering emulsion in simulated saliva fluid (SSF) were determined. The results of this study showed that the starch stabilized o/w emulsions were stable for up to 2 weeks. The starch Pickering emulsion also provided better protection against oxidation than a surfactant-stabilized emulsion, and the digestion of the starch Pickering emulsion using amylase led to the complete disruption and phase separation of the emulsion.
PmEB: a mobile phone application for monitoring caloric balance

In this paper, we present PmEB, an application for mobile phones that allows users to monitor their caloric balance as a part of weight management. PmEB allows users to track their caloric balance by recording food intake and physical activity on their mobile phones. Daily reminder messages are sent via SMS messages to encourage compliance. Collected data is sent automatically every 24 hours to a central server where it can be analyzed in detail. PmEB was designed as a tool for both users to self-monitor and manage their food consumption and physical activity and primary health care providers to study behavioral patterns in overweight patients. Formative evaluation with seven health-intervention experts and a week-long user study with six clinically overweight, non-expert participants have shown PmEB to have promising potential for improving self-efficacy in dietary and exercise behavior.
Rat models of upper extremity impairment in stroke.

Abstract Stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability, with upper extremity motor impairments being the most prominent functional deficit in surviving stroke victims. The development of animal models of upper extremity dysfunction after stroke has enabled investigators to examine the neural mechanisms underlying rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery as well as the efficacy of various adjuvant therapies for enhancing recovery. Much of this research has focused on rat models of forelimb motor function after experimentally induced ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This article provides a review of several different methods for inducing stroke, including devascularization, photothrombosis, chemical vasoconstriction, and hemorrhagia. We also describe a battery of sensorimotor tasks for assessing forelimb motor function after stroke. The tasks range from measures of gross motor performance to fine object manipulation and kinematic movement analysis, and we offer a comparison of the sensitivity for revealing motor deficits and the amount of time required to administer each motor test. In addition, we discuss several important methodological issues, including the importance of testing on multiple tasks to characterize the nature of the impairments, establishing stable baseline prestroke motor performance measures, dissociating the effects of acute versus chronic testing, and verifying lesion location and size. Finally, we outline general considerations for conducting research using rat models of stroke and the role that these models should play in guiding clinical trials.
Modeling Supply-Side Dynamics of IT Components, Products, and Infrastructure: An Empirical Analysis Using Vector Autoregression

Prior IS research on technological change has focused primarily on organizational information systems and technology (IST however, there is a growing need to understand the dynamics of supply-side forces in the introduction of new technologies. In this paper we investigate how the interdependencies among information technology components, products, and infrastructure affect the release of new technologies. Going beyond the ad hoc heuristic approaches applied in previous studies, we empirically validate the existence of several patterns of supply-side technology relationships in the context of wireless networking. We use vector autoregression (VAR) to model the co-movements of new component, product, and infrastructure introductions and provide evidence of strong Granger-causal interdependencies. We also demonstrate that substantial improvements in forecasting can be gained by incorporating these cross-level effects into models of technological change. This paper provides some of the first research that empirically demonstrates these cross-level effects and also provides an exposition of VAR methodology for both analysis and forecasting in IS research.
BRD research needs in the next 10-20 years.

Despite numerous advances in bovine infectious disease research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains a significant disease threat and a cause of tremendous loss. Renewed efforts and innovative strategies are required to build on the successes of the past to achieve the successes of tomorrow. Continued and improved support of BRD research will prove to be a worthwhile investment. To achieve better coordination and more efficient use of resources, the following supportive actions should be considered. There should be coordination of integrative teams through an over-arching agency (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)) to provide peer review and priority review for available public research funds. This would include use of development grants (as seed and matching funding) available to public/private partnerships. Testing and validation of new procedures in production settings (providing more than cost analyses) should be strengthened. Publication of studies should be promoted and old links between clinicians, diagnosticians and basic researchers should be re-established. Sets of ‘best practices’ should be published. Programs to support both basic and applied research through graduate fellowships, residencies, workshops and start-up funding for young research scientists should be strengthened. Sustained funding to train the next generation of research investigators should be addressed as a critical need.
Treatment of acute asthma. A new look at the old and at the new.

Along with the increasing prevalence of asthma comes an increase in acute asthma flares and asthma morbidity. This is reflected by more than 1.8 million emergency department visits for asthma in the United States annually, leading to nearly 500,000 hospitalizations. 26 Of the estimated $6 billion spent yearly for asthma-related expenses, up to 50% goes toward in-patient expenditures. 129 Because of the significant morbidity and economic costs, clinicians are constantly searching for new interventions to treat acutely ill patients as well as more effective ways of using existing agents. With most asthma hospitalizations coming from patients treated in the emergency department, more effective treatment strategies are needed to reduce the need for admission. For patients who are more severely ill and whose hospitalization is inevitable, the initial goal may be to prevent further deterioration or even a fatal outcome. This review of managing the acutely ill asthmatic explores the optimal use of agents whose efficacy is well established, highlights controversies regarding existing therapeutic regimens, and identifies newer agents that hold promise.
Effect of Si ? C bond formation in 20 keV C60 bombardment of Si

We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigatethe effectof Si-C bond formation on fluence-dependent results in 20 keV C 60 bombardment of Si. Sputter depth profiling experiments of C 60 on Si have produced atypical results, which are thought to be caused by the strong covalent bonds that are formed between the C atoms in the projectile and Si atoms in the substrate. A recently developed scheme developed by Russo, et al. [8] has been adapted to perform MD simulations of 150 successive impacts of 20 keV C 60 on Si, which corresponds to a total fluence of 2.64 x 10 13 impafts/cm 2 . In order to isolate the effects of Si-C bond formation, the same set of trajectories is calculated with and without the attractive Si-C potential energy terms. When Si-C bonds are able to form, nearly all the C atoms from the projectile are incorporated into the substrate. When the possibility of Si-C bond formation is removed, most of the C atoms are backscattered into the vacuum. The cumulative result is that the substrate with Si-C bonds contains a factor of twenty times more C atoms, which are located below the surface.
The genera Cyclonexis and Chrysostephanosphaera (Chrysophyceae)

Two species of Chrysophyceae, Cyclonexis annularis and Chrysostephanosphaera globulifera are discussed. Observations are presented which suggest a relationship between these two organisms, though it is added that lacking definite proof of a relationship, one should continue to consider the two as distinct taxa.
Hemorrhagic Rhinitis: An Immunologic Disease Due to Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride

This is a descriptive study of six men who had been occupationally exposed to heated epoxy resin containing hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) who presented with rhinitis, nasal mucosal erosions, and significant epistaxis; three also had asthma. When they were removed from exposure to HHPA, the rhinitis symptoms, nasal erosions, and epistaxis resolved spontaneously. All six had high titers of IgG and IgE against HHP-HSA as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other asymptomatic workers with similar HHPA exposure had very low or negative titers of IgG and IgE against HHP-HSA. We conclude that these results are very suggestive of an immunologic mechanism being responsible for the rhinitis, nasal mucosal erosions, and epistaxis that occurred in the six described HHPA workers.
Polyimide-related design considerations in a bipolar technology

It is found that a spurious leakage path from the emitter to the collector of a lateral p-n-p or a trench-defined n-p-n device may be induced by the applied collector voltage. This voltage influences the surface potential at the emitter-base junction through the charging of the polyimide used as interlevel dielectric or as trench fill, respectively. A simple model of the effect is developed, and several successful process features are discussed. >
A pipelined TDM optical bus with conditional delays

A new pipelined time-division multiplexing optical bus for implementing a linear array parallel computer architecture is proposed. In this bus system, switches are introduced on the receiving segment of the bus to control the signal delays on the optical waveguide. The states of switches are dynamically programmable under the control of processors according to computation needs. The linear processor arrays based on such buses can be used as building blocks to construct parallel architectures of higher dimensions to achieve improved scalability and performance.
The SURE approach to reliability analysis

The SURE computer program, a reliability-analysis tool for ultrareliable computer-system architectures, provides an efficient means for computing reasonably accurate upper and lower bounds for the death state probabilities of a large class of semi-Markov models. Once a semi-Markov model is described using a simple input language, SURE automatically computes the upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. A parameter of the model can be specified as a variable over a range of values, thus directing SURE to perform a sensitivity analysis automatically. The program provides a rapid computational capability for semi-Markov models useful for describing the fault-handling behavior of fault-tolerant computer systems. The only modeling restriction imposed by the program is that the nonexponential recovery transitions must be fast in comparison to the mission time. The SURE reliability-analysis method uses a fast bounding theorem based on means and variances and yields upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. Techniques have been developed to enable SURE to solve models with loops and calculate the operational-state probabilities. The computation is extremely fast, and large state-spaces can be directly solved; a pruning technique enables SURE to process extremely large models. >
Radiative decay in semiconductor quantum dots at finite temperatures

Abstract The radiative decay rates of the lowest electronic excitations in a semiconductor sphere (quantum dot) are calculated for various temperatures and radii. We investigate how the interplay of quantum confinement and lattice vibrations affects the nature of the single electron—hole eigenstates. Application is made to the interpretation of recent fluorescence experiments in Cds quantum dots.
Protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing multiple genes from Marek's disease virus.

Abstract Recombinant fowl poxviruses (rFPVs) were constructed to express genes from serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV) coding for glycoproteins B, E, I, H, and UL32 (gB1, gE, gI, gH, and UL32). An additional rFPV was constructed to contain four MDV genes (gB1, gE, gI, and UL32). These rFPVs were evaluated for their ability to protect maternal antibody–positive chickens against challenge with highly virulent MDV isolates. The protection induced by a single rFPV/gB1 (42%) confirmed our previous finding. The protection induced by rFPV/gI (43%), rFPV/gB1UL32 (46%), rFPV/gB1gEgI (72%), and rFPV/gB1gEgIUL32 (70%) contributed to additional knowledge on MDV genes involved in protective immunity. In contrast, the rFPV containing gE, gH, or UL32 did not induce significant protection compared with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). Levels of protection by rFPV/gB1 and rFPV/gI were comparable with that of HVT. Only gB1 and gI conferred synergism in rFPV containing these two genes. Protection by both rFPV/gB1gEgI (72%) and...
Therapist-Driven Protocols: New Incentives for Change

The American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) defines respiratory care protocols as initiation or modification of a patient care plan following a predetermined structured set of physician orders, instructions, or interventions in which the therapist is allowed to initiate, discontinue, refine
Fever produced in the squirrel monkey by human leukocytic pyrogen.

SummarySquirrel monkeys developed fever in response to relatively small intravenous and intracerebral doses of highly purified human leukocytic pyrogen (LP). The findings indicate that this species is an appropriate new model for research on human endogenous pyrogen. Cross-reactions of various species to LP suggest a similarity in the molecular structure of all leukocytic pyrogens.
Palatability of Coloradia pandora (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Eggs to a Rodent Predator: Contributions of Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Field observations of remnants from predation on pandora moths, Coloradia pandora Blake, suggested that eggs from gravid females were being rejected. Captive feeding trials with golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis Say, verified that this rodent is a natural enemy of C. pandora that rejects eggs while feeding on moths. Nutritional analyses indicated C. pandora moths (both females and males) and eggs are of comparable food quality, so additional feeding trials were conducted to determine why eggs were unpalatable to the ground squirrels. Chemical fractions of eggs did not inhibit consumption consistently enough to explain the rejection behavior; neither did the extracted residue of egg tissue. Whole eggs, whole shells, and ground shells did inhibit consumption by the same ground squirrels. A follow-up trial with a naive group of S. lateralis confirmed that whole eggs and whole shells inhibit consumption. Consumption of egg contents was equivalent to controls for both groups of S. lateralis. We conclude that C. pandora eggs are protected physically, but not chemically, from consumption by S. lateralis. The foraging range of S. lateralis, a generalist predator in central Oregon, includes the lower canopy of pine ( Pinus spp.) forests where C. pandora eggs are deposited. Therefore, the tough eggshell probably inhibits S. lateralis predation of C. pandora eggs under natural conditions.
On Calculus of Variations in Aircraft and Spacecraft Formation Flying Path Planning

*† The optimal trajectory for formations of aerospace vehicles in terms of energy consumption and fuel consumption is addressed by mean of Calculus of Variations. Accounting for environmental models of increasing complexity, mission scenarios examined require each vehicle to leave from unspecified positions, pass through assigned waypoints, avoid static obstacles, and intercept allotted surfaces. Tasks are modularly optimized to be effortlessly recombined by varying a finite amount of coefficients. Compactness of the formation as well as collision avoidance is always guaranteed. Nomenclature a = acceleration of the vehicle ac = acceleration of the vehicle due to control forces f = generic integrand of the cost function fx = derivative of f with respect to x fr = derivative of f with respect to x ’ fr2
Greenhouse gas emissions for refrigerant choices in room air conditioner units.

In this work, potential replacement refrigerants for window-mounted room air conditioners (RACs) in the U.S. have been evaluated using a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions analysis. CO2-equivalent emissions for several hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and other potential replacements were compared to the most widely used refrigerants today. Included in this comparison are pure refrigerants that make up a number of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) mixtures, pure hydrocarbons, and historically used refrigerants such as propane and ammonia. GHG emissions from direct and indirect sources were considered in this thermodynamic analysis. Propylene, dimethyl ether, ammonia, R-152a, propane, and HFE-152a all performed effectively in a 1 ton window unit and produced slightly lower emissions than the currently used R-22 and R-134a. The results suggest that regulation of HFCs in this application would have some effect on reducing emissions since end-of-life emissions remain at 55% of total refrigerant charge despite EPA regulations that ...
The Role of Coordinates in Geodesy and Geometry

In the application of the tensor calculus and differential geometry to physical problems, coordinates play a ubiquitous role. One is accustomed to think almost automatically in terms of them. However, their meaning — either geometrically or physically speaking — is seldom immediately apparent. Indeed, their mathematical existence, and physical measurability often pose questions of equal difficulty. Such questions underlie the fundamental notions concerning differential geodesy, and in this preliminary section we propose to discuss various viewpoints and suggest what we believe is a realistic approach.
Internal jugular vein thrombosis after ovulation induction with gonadotropins

An unusual case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome complicated by internal jugular vein and mediastinal thrombosis is presented. Hemoconcentration and perhaps immobilization appear to be the most probable causative factors. The patient was successfully treated with heparin anticoagulation. An uneventful twin pregnancy resulted from the stimulation cycle.
Advanced Unsupervised Classification Methods to Detect Anomalies on Earthen Levees Using Polarimetric SAR Imagery

Fully polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (polSAR) data analysis has wide applications for terrain and ground cover classification. The dynamics of surface and subsurface water events can lead to slope instability resulting in slough slides on earthen levees. Early detection of these anomalies by a remote sensing approach could save time versus direct assessment. We used L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to screen levees for anomalies. SAR technology, due to its high spatial resolution and soil penetration capability, is a good choice for identifying problematic areas on earthen levees. Using the parameters entropy (H), anisotropy (A), alpha (α), and eigenvalues (λ, λ1, λ2, and λ3), we implemented several unsupervised classification algorithms for the identification of anomalies on the levee. The classification techniques applied are H/α, H/A, A/α, Wishart H/α, Wishart H/A/α, and H/α/λ classification algorithms. In this work, the effectiveness of the algorithms was demonstrated using quad-polarimetric L-band SAR imagery from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s (JPL’s) Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR). The study area is a section of the lower Mississippi River valley in the Southern USA, where earthen flood control levees are maintained by the US Army Corps of Engineers.
Metamodernism: A New Philosophical Approach to Counseling

Originating in the field of aesthetics, metamodernism is presented as a philosophical framework for understanding how contemporary counselors navigate networks of conflicting obligations and interests. Metamodernism provides a reconciling perspective on dilemmas counselors encounter in diverse social institutions and presents alternative ideas about integrating modernist structural compliance with postmodernist self-invention.