cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASEE student chapters: An engineering pipeline for higher education

The concept of ASEE student chapters introduced. This organization will serve to further higher education in engineering and engineering technology. The first student chapter of ASEE was successfully formed in the spring of 1993 at Purdue University. The student chapter has a three-fold mission: (1) to educate undergraduate students about graduate school, (2) to prepare interested graduate students for academic careers, and (3) to encourage under-represented groups such as women, and minorities to seek advanced degrees and academic careers. >
Clustering in the futures market: Evidence from S&P 500 futures contracts

We document trade price clustering in the futures markets. We find clustering at prices of x.00 and x.50 for S&P 500 futures contracts. While trade price clustering is evident throughout time to maturity of these contracts, there is a dramatic change when the S&P 500 futures contract is designated a front-month contract (decrease in clustering) and a back-month contract (increase in clustering). We find that trade price clustering is a positive function of volatility and a negative function of volume or open interest. In addition, we find a high degree of clustering in the daily opening and closing prices, but a lower degree of clustering in the settlement prices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:413–428, 2004
Normativity and Generality in Ethics and Aesthetics

Moral properties such as being wrong or being obligatory are not brute but based on other kinds of properties, such as being a lie or being promised. Aesthetic properties such as being graceful or being beautiful are similar to moral properties in being based on other kinds of properties, but in the aesthetic cases it may be impossible to specify just what these grounding properties are. Does any single property ground poetic beauty in the way promising grounds obligation to do the promised deed? If aesthetic properties do differ from moral properties in this way, may we conclude that, although ethics is like aesthetics in being a realm of intuitive and perceptual knowledge—or at least intuitive and perceptual sensitivity—it is unlike aesthetics because the latter lacks principles that connect grounding properties with aesthetic properties? Are there any such generalities in aesthetics, or even aesthetic generalities connecting aesthetic properties with other aesthetic properties? If there are, how much like or unlike rules and principles in ethics are they? This paper explores all these questions in the light of examples from the arts, with poetry as the main case study.
EUV focus sensor: design and modeling

We describe performance modeling and design optimization of a prototype EUV focus sensor (FS) designed for use with existing 0.3-NA EUV projection-lithography tools. At 0.3-NA and 13.5-nm wavelength, the depth of focus shrinks to 150 nm increasing the importance of high-sensitivity focal-plane detection tools. The FS is a free-standing Ni grating structure that works in concert with a simple mask pattern of regular lines and spaces at constant pitch. The FS pitch matches that of the image-plane aerial-image intensity: it transmits the light with high efficiency when the grating is aligned with the aerial image laterally and longitudinally. Using a single-element photodetector, to detect the transmitted flux, the FS is scanned laterally and longitudinally so the plane of peak aerial-image contrast can be found. The design under consideration has a fixed image-plane pitch of 80-nm, with aperture widths of 12–40-nm (1–3 wavelengths), and aspect ratios of 2–8. TEMPEST-3D is used to model the light transmission. Careful attention is paid to the annular, partially coherent, unpolarized illumination and to the annular pupil of the Micro-Exposure Tool (MET) optics for which the FS is designed. The system design balances the opposing needs of high sensitivity and high throughput optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio in the measured intensity contrast.
Is high-dose intensity intraarterial cisplatin chemoradiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma feasible?

In this issue, Foote et al. report their preliminary experience in treating patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma using a combination of high-dose intraarterial cisplatin chemotherapy and concomitant, boost-accelerated radiation therapy. They conclude that this combination of treatment modalities is not feasible. This observation is based on 19 patients who received 3 or 4 weekly cycles of intraarterial cisplatin at doses of 150 mg/m and simultaneous received intravenous sodium thiosulfate at a dose of 9 g/m over 15–20 minutes followed by 12 g/m over 6 hours. All patients received concurrent, concomitant, boost-accelerated radiation therapy consisting of 72 grays (Gy) in 42 fractions over 6 weeks. There were 2 patient deaths among the first 15 patients enrolled, both of which resulted from sepsis secondary to chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Despite reducing the number of intraarterial infusions from four to three after the second death, the fourth patient who was treated subsequently on the modified protocol also developed neutropenia, sepsis, and thromboembolic events leading amputations. These observations led the authors to conclude that the combination of altered fractionation radiation therapy and intraarterial cisplatin in the doses outlined was not feasible. In contrast to this conclusion, others, including me, believe that this treatment regimen is feasible. In the paragraphs below, I have outlined my personal experience in managing hundreds of patients treated with intraarterial cisplatin using the dose and route of administration similar to those used in this current study. I also have highlighted the published experience of other investigators, all of whom concluded that the high-dose-intensity approach is feasible and highly efficacious. First, it must be asked: Why intraarterial chemotherapy when intravenous regimens are available? Oncologists are aware of the pharmacokinetic advantages of administering chemotherapy through an intraarterial route. The first pass of the drug is through the tumor bed, allowing exposure of a high concentration. Patients with head and neck tumors are quite suitable for intraarterial chemotherapy because of easy access to the arterial supply and the relative advantage of the slower blood flow to the head and neck region. Although intraarterial chemotherapy for head and neck carcinoma has been 447
Functional characterization of KIN-32, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of focal adhesion kinase.

We have identified the single Caenorhabditis elegans focal adhesion kinase (FAK) homolog KIN-32, which has the signature FAK structure including an N-terminal Four.1-Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (FERM) domain followed by a tyrosine kinase domain and a C-terminal domain with weak homology to the focal adhesion targeting domain. The functional requirements for KIN-32 were examined using RNA interference depletion experiments and analysis of a deletion allele, kin-32(ok166), in which a large segment of the FERM domain is missing. Our results show that reduced levels of expression or absence of the FERM domain do not affect viability, fertility, or anatomy in C. elegans. Expression of an analogous FERM deletion in mouse FAK showed kinase activity in vitro and supported normal focal adhesion localization in cell culture. Thus, the FERM domain of KIN-32, and possibly KIN-32 activity in general, appears to be dispensable for normal C. elegans physiology. Developmental Dynamics 237:837–846, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The relationship between student perceptions of instructor humor and students’ reports of learning

The use of humor in the classroom has been investigated using a variety of humor operationalizations and methodologies with mixed results. In the present study we examine the role of teacher humor orientation rather than specific humorous behaviors. The relationship between perceived teacher humor orientation and learning was the focus of this study. Results indicated that a high humor orientation (HO) was associated with increased student perceptions of learning. Perceived teacher humor orientation was also examined in relation to nonverbal immediacy and socio‐communicative style. Additionally, we examined the interaction between teacher humor orientation and student humor orientation on learning. It was found that high HO students reported learning more with a high HO teacher.
Making the Diagnosis of Asthma

Diagnostic tests can only increase or decrease the probability of the asthma diagnosis, so a thorough history is very important. In patients with asthma-like symptoms, spirometric evidence of airway obstruction plus a large bronchodilator response makes asthma much more likely. However, normal spirometry is common in patients with mild asthma who are not symptomatic at the time of testing, and patients with poorly controlled asthma may lack substantial bronchodilator response. Inhalation challenge test often helps confirm asthma in patients with normal spirometry. Adult smokers with intermittent respiratory symptoms may have either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Normal post-bronchodilator spirometry rules out COPD. In patients with airway obstruction, a low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide increases the probability of COPD and makes asthma much less likely. A high exhaled nitric oxide level makes allergic asthma more likely. Response to inhaled corticosteroids makes asthma more likely and COPD less likely.
PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR-INDUCED MUCOSAL DYSFUNCTION : ROLE OF OXIDANTS AND GRANULOCYTES

We tested the possibility that platelet-activating factor (PAF) exerts some of its actions on the microvascular and mucosal membranes by stimulating the production of reactive O2 metabolites. Two series of experiments were performed using autoperfused segments of cat ileum pretreated with human recombinant superoxide dismutase (hSOD), catalase (H2O2 scavenger), or deferoxamine (an iron chelator). In the first series, we examined the effects of PAF infusion on mucosal permeability (blood-to-lumen clearance) to 51Cr-EDTA. PAF induced a 4-, 25-, and 20-fold increase in 51Cr-EDTA clearance at 4, 20, and 40 ng/min, respectively, and the increase was positively correlated with luminal fluid flux. hSOD, catalase, and deferoxamine reduced the 51Cr-EDTA clearance at each PAF dose and eliminated the dependence of 51Cr-EDTA clearance on transmucosal fluid flux. To determine whether mucosal granulocytes were the source of the reactive O2 metabolites, the mucosa was depleted of myeloperoxidase-positive cells using an antibody against the leukocyte integrin CD11/CD18. Mucosal granulocyte depletion resulted in a greatly reduced clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, suggesting that resident granulocytes may be the source of the reactive O2 metabolites. In a second series of studies, we examined the influence of hSOD, catalase, and deferoxamine on the increased transcapillary fluid and protein fluxes induced by intra-arterial PAF infusion. These agents attenuated the enhanced transvascular fluid and protein filtration by greater than 50% at the low dose but had no effect at the higher doses. We conclude that the PAF-induced increase in mucosal permeability to 51Cr-EDTA is mediated by reactive O2 metabolites produced by resident phagocytic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bradykinin stimulates airway epithelial Cl- secretion via two second messenger pathways.

In canine airway epithelial cells, bradykinin increases intracellular concentrations of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c), and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). To determine the role of these second messengers in bradykinin-stimulated Cl- secretion, we studied the secretory response to this peptide using canine tracheal monolayers mounted in Ussing chambers. Bradykinin stimulated Cl- secretion [measured as short-circuit current (Isc)] when added to submucosal or mucosal surfaces; however, secretory responses differed substantially. Submucosal addition of bradykinin induced a biphasic increase in secretion; mucosal addition induced a monophasic increase in secretion. Both responses were mediated by B2 receptors. We show that activation of bradykinin receptors can stimulate Cl- secretion in two ways. 1) Bradykinin added to either surface stimulates prostaglandin synthesis and release at the basolateral surface. This leads to activation of...
Conversion of anti-A to anti-A by heat.

Group B or group O serum which agglutinates both A1 and A2 erythrocytes can be modified by heat to obtain anti-A1 activity only. All of the group B and a third of the group O sera heated for 2 hr. at 60 C. selectively agglutinated (at 25 C.) A1 erythrocytes. These heat-modified sera are useful for differentiating A2 from A1 erythrocytes.
Hazard Exposure Reduction Using Genetic Fuzzy Path Planning

This paper discusses the possibility of using fuzzy logic to nd the optimal path through a map containing non-crisp hazards. The paper will discuss several topics, including fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, and how they can be used e ectively in selecting a path when minimum total exposure is desired. The strengths and limitations of the methods will be covered, as well as a selection or results comparing this type of path planning to more traditional crisp-obstacle solvers. The authors will show that fuzzy logic can be used very e ectively to minimize hazard exposure over a wide variety of terrain types.
The Infant Cry of Primates

The evolution of the infant cry is essentially a reflection of the evolution of mammals. The origin of suckling behavior and the delivery of milk from the mother gave rise to the intimacy of prolonged contact, a trait that is almost as diagnostic for mammals as the nursing behavior from which it originates. Along with this intimacy came increased possibilities for individual recognition between mother and infant, resulting in the establishment of affiliative bonds that, at least in many primates, extend well beyond the period of infantile dependency into adulthood.
Ascertainment of Iron Depletion and Deficiency in Blood Donors Through Screening Questions for Pica and Restless Legs Syndrome.

Abstract 2283 Background: Pica and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are associated with iron depletion and deficiency. Pica refers to the compulsive craving for and persistent consumption of non-nutritive substances. Pagophagia, the pathological consumption of ice, is a specific pica strongly associated with iron deficiency. RLS is a neurological movement disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the lower extremities, with a compelling urge to move the extremities to relieve the discomfort. Primary RLS is a central nervous system disorder; however, secondary RLS may be caused or exacerbated by iron deficiency. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the prevalence of pica and RLS in blood donors presenting to a hospital-based donor center, to correlate the findings with donor hemoglobin and iron levels, and to study the effects of oral iron replacement on the resolution of symptoms. Methods: During a 39-month period, 1236 blood donors deferred for fingerstick hemoglobin <12.5 g/dL and 400 non-deferred “control” donors underwent health screening and laboratory testing (CBC, ferritin, iron, transferrin). Iron deficiency was defined as a ferritin level below the institutional reference range of 9 mcg/L in females and 18 mcg/L in males. Iron depletion was defined as a ferritin of 9 – 19 mcg/L in females and 18 – 29 mcg/L in males. Pica and RLS were assessed by direct questioning. Deferred donors and iron-deficient control donors were given ferrous sulfate 325 mg daily for 60 days. Reassessments were performed and additional iron tablets dispensed at subsequent visits. Results: Pica was reported in 11% of donors with iron depletion/deficiency, compared with 4% of iron-replete donors (p<0.0001). The prevalence of pica rose to 21% in females with ferritin <9 mcg/L. Pagophagia (ice pica) was most common and was often of extraordinary intensity, with characteristics of an addiction. Donors with pagophagia given iron reported a marked reduction in the desire to eat ice by day 5–8 of therapy, with disappearance of symptoms by day 10–14. RLS was reported in 16% of subjects with iron depletion/deficiency compared with 11% of iron-replete donors (p=0.012). Iron replacement generally resulted in improvement of RLS symptoms, however, at least 4–6 weeks of iron therapy was necessary. The positive predictive values of pica and RLS in iron deficient/depleted blood donors were 73% and 58%, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of pica is highly predictive of iron depletion/deficiency in blood donors; however, RLS lacks a strong correlation in this population. Screening questions for pica, in particular pagophagia, may be useful in the ascertainment of iron depletion and deficiency in blood donors and may identify those who would benefit from oral iron therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effect of patient age awareness on diagnostic agreement of chronic or aggressive periodontitis between clinicians; a pilot study

The aim of this pilot study was to test whether diagnostic agreement of aggressive and chronic periodontitis amongst Board Certified Periodontists, is influenced by knowledge of a patient’s age. In 1999 at the International World Workshop age was removed as a diagnostic criteria for aggressive periodontitis. The impact of this change on the diagnostic reliability amongst clinicians has not yet been assessed. Nine periodontal case reports were twice presented to sixteen board certified periodontists, once with age withheld and again with patient age provided. Participants were instructed to choose a diagnosis of Chronic Periodontitis or Aggressive Periodontitis. Diagnostic agreement was calculated using the Fleiss Kappa test. Including the patients’ age in case report information increased diagnostic agreement (the kappa statistic) from 0.49 (moderate agreement) to 0.61 (substantial agreement). These results suggest that knowledge of a patients’ age influenced clinical diagnosis, when distinguishing between aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis, which may in turn impact treatment decision-making.
Detection of Bax Microsatellite Mutations and BaxΔ2 Isoform in Human Buccal Cells.

Loss of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bax occurs in ~50% of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) due to microsatellite instability (MSI). Recently, we found that some of the “Bax-negative” MSI tumor cells contain a functional Bax isoform, BaxΔ2, which sensitizes cells to selective chemotherapeutics. Here we show the detection of Bax microsatellite mutations and expression of BaxΔ2 proteins in human buccal cells. Our study provides a sensitive and non-invasive approach and a potential clinical application in diagnosis and treatment of MSI colon cancer patients.
Implications of the declarative/procedural model for improving second language learning: The role of memory enhancement techniques:

The declarative/procedural (DP) model posits that the learning, storage, and use of language critically depend on two learning and memory systems in the brain: declarative memory and procedural memory. Thus, on the basis of independent research on the memory systems, the model can generate specific and often novel predictions for language. Till now most such predictions and ensuing empirical work have been motivated by research on the neurocognition of the two memory systems. However, there is also a large literature on techniques that enhance learning and memory. The DP model provides a theoretical framework for predicting which techniques should extend to language learning, and in what circumstances they should apply. In order to lay the neurocognitive groundwork for these predictions, here we first summarize the neurocognitive fundamentals of the two memory systems and briefly lay out the resulting claims of the DP model for both first and second language. We then provide an overview of learning and me...
Polar Materials with Isolated V4+ S = 1/2 Triangles: NaSr2V3O3(Ge4O13)Cl and KSr2V3O3(Ge4O13)Cl

Crystals of ASr2V3O3(Ge4O13)Cl, A = Na, K, were synthesized from high-temperature hydrothermal brines, and their structure and magnetic properties were investigated. These materials present a unique combination of a salt inclusion lattice, a polar crystal structure, and isolated V4+ (S = 1/2) trimer magnetic clusters. The structures consist of a trimeric V3O13 unit based on V4+ (S = 1/2), having rigorous 3-fold symmetry with a short V–V separation of 3.325(3) A. The trinuclear V4+ units are formed by three edge shared VO6 octahedra sharing a central μ3-oxygen atom, which also imparts a polar sense on the structure. The V3O13 units are isolated from one another by tetranuclear Ge4O13 units, which are similarly arranged in a polar fashion, providing a unique opportunity to study the magnetic behavior of this triangular d1 system as a discrete unit. Magnetization measurements indicate spin-1/2 per V atom at high temperature, and spin-1/2 per V3 trimer at low temperature, where two V moments in each triangle ...
Altered Blood Flow Response to Small Muscle Mass Exercise in Cancer Survivors Treated With Adjuvant Therapy

Background Adjuvant cancer treatments have been shown to decrease cardiac function. In addition to changes in cardiovascular risk, there are several additional functional consequences including decreases in exercise capacity and increased incidence of cancer‐related fatigue. However, the effects of adjuvant cancer treatment on peripheral vascular function during exercise in cancer survivors have not been well documented. We investigated the vascular responses to exercise in cancer survivors previously treated with adjuvant cancer therapies. Methods and Results Peripheral vascular responses were investigated in 11 cancer survivors previously treated with adjuvant cancer therapies (age 58±6 years, 34±30 months from diagnosis) and 9 healthy controls group matched for age, sex, and maximal voluntary contraction. A dynamic handgrip exercise test at 20% maximal voluntary contraction was performed with simultaneous measurements of forearm blood flow and mean arterial pressure. Forearm vascular conductance was calculated from forearm blood flow and mean arterial pressure. Left ventricular ejection time index (LVETi) was derived from the arterial pressure wave form. Forearm blood flow was attenuated in cancer therapies compared to control at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (189.8±53.8 vs 247.9±80.3 mL·min−1, respectively). Forearm vascular conductance was not different between groups at rest or during exercise. Mean arterial pressure response to exercise was attenuated in cancer therapies compared to controls (107.8±10.8 vs 119.2±16.2 mm Hg). LEVTi was lower in cancer therapies compared to controls. Conclusions These data suggest an attenuated exercise blood flow response in cancer survivors ≈34 months following adjuvant cancer therapy that may be attributed to an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure.
Influence of forage source and forage inclusion level on growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics in finishing steers.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage source (Exp. 1) and forage inclusion level (Exp. 2) in finishing diets on growth performance and feeding behavior. In Exp. 1, sixty-four steers (394 ± 3.6 kg BW) were allotted by BW to 3 pens. Within each pen, steers were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 dietary treatments containing different forage sources: 1) alfalfa hay, 2) corn silage, 3) wheat straw, and 4) corn stover. Alfalfa hay was provided at 10% of the diet DM and the other forage sources were offered to provide the same percentage of NDF from forage. In Exp. 2, forty-four steers (451 ± 4.6 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design and were fed dry-rolled corn-based diets containing a mixture of hay and corn silage as the forage source at 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% forage (DM basis). Intake and feeding behavior traits were calculated from data generated by the Insentec feeding system. In Exp. 1, final BW, ADG, and G:F did not differ between treatments. Dry matter intake and feeding behavior traits responded differently depending on week (interaction ≤ 0.04) of the experiment with DMI generally greater in steers fed alfalfa or corn silage early in the experiment and time per meal generally greater and eating rate slower in steers fed diets containing wheat straw or corn stover. In Exp. 2, ADG and G:F decreased linearly ( 15%).
H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Infection in a Dog

In 2015, H3N2 canine influenza emerged in dogs in the greater Chicago area. During this time, a 10-year-old German Shepherd dog presented to the referring veterinarian with lethargy and coughing that quickly progressed to death. This report describes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions and the molecular testing performed to identify the novel North American H3N2 strain of canine influenza. The larynx, pharynx, and trachea were covered by a fibrinonecrotic membrane. Bilaterally, the lungs had multifocal subpleural necrosis of the caudal lung lobes with hemorrhage, congestion, and pulmonary edema. Staphylococcus pseudointermedius was isolated from the lung. Mycoplasma cynos was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction from nasal passages, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, and cranial lung lobes. The neuraminidase gene sequence from the influenza virus isolated obtained from this dog had ≥98% homology to the strain circulating in the Chicago area.
The Financial Burden of Public Health Responses to Hepatitis A Cases Among Food Handlers, 2012-2014.

When food handlers become ill with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, state and local health departments must assess the risk of HAV transmission through prepared food and recommend or provide post...
Ultrastructure of an unusual contractile vacuole in several chrysomonad phytoflagellates.

SUMMARY The infrastructure of the contractile vacuole of Ochromonas and Poterioochromonas species is described. It appears to be a permanent structure in the anterior end of the phytoflagellate, consisting of a central cavity with a unit-membrane lining from which flattened saccules protrude in all directions. The contracted saccules are about 40 nm in diameter and are made up of a single trilammellar unit membrane about 9 nm thick and continuous with the central cavity membrane. In their contracted state the saccules contain transverse fibrils which may be involved in the contraction of the saccules; these fibrils are no longer seen when the central cavity and the saccules swell. The saccules seem to merge and become continuous with the central cavity during the swelling of the contractile vacuole.
Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis Is Critical for Albumin Cellular Uptake and Response to Albumin-Bound Chemotherapy.

Nab-paclitaxel, a nanoparticle conjugate of paclitaxel to human albumin, exhibits efficacy in pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. However, there is a lack of predictive biomarkers to identify patients who might benefit most from its administration. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by identifying that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a candidate mechanism-based biomarker. Caveolae are small membrane invaginations important for trans-endothelial albumin uptake. Cav-1, the principal structural component of caveolae, is overexpressed in the cancers noted above which respond to nab-paclitaxel. Thus, we hypothesized that Cav-1 may be critical for albumin uptake in tumors and perhaps determine their response to this drug. Cav-1 protein levels correlated positively with nab-paclitaxel sensitivity. RNAi-mediated attenuation of Cav-1 expression reduced uptake of albumin and nab-paclitaxel in cancer cells and rendered them resistant to nab-paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Conversely, Cav-1 overexpression enhanced sensitivity to nab-paclitaxel. Selection for cellular resistance to nab-paclitaxel in cell culture correlated with a loss of Cav-1 expression. In mouse xenograft models, cancer cells where Cav-1 was attenuated exhibited resistance to the antitumor effects of nab-paclitaxel therapy. Overall, our findings suggest Cav-1 as a predictive biomarker for the response to nab-paclitaxel and other albumin-based cancer therapeutic drugs.
“She invited other people to that space”: audience habitus, place, and social justice in Beyoncé’s Lemonade

We argue that place offers an effective framework for connecting popular culture with social justice narratives by exploring audience interpretations of Lemonade in 2016’s tumultuous racial climate...
Performance Modeling and Current Mapping of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Cells with Novel Thin/Tunable Liquid/Gas Diffusion Layers

Abstract The novel titanium thin/tunable liquid/gas diffusion layers (TT-LGDLs) with precisely controllable pore morphologies have achieved superior multifunctional performance in proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs) with its advantages of ultra-thin thickness (25 μm), planar surface, and straight-through pores. By taking advantage of the precise pore morphology of TT-LGDLs, a comprehensive computational model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform to simulate the CL current distribution, and PEMEC electrochemical performance. The interfacial contact resistances between the TT-LGDLs and catalyst layers (CLs), and PEMEC overpotentials are closely correlated to the TT-LGDL pore diameter and porosity. In addition, the roughness factor, which is a critical coefficient in simulating the activation overpotential in Butler-Volmer equation, is also modeled as a function of TT-LGDL morphologies. More importantly, a novel two-dimensional (2D) CL resistance model that consists of both in-plane and through-plane resistances is also developed to predict the current distribution on the CLs. The present model can precisely match the experimental results and effectively calculate the PEMEC performance with different TT-LGDL morphologies and operating temperatures. Results obtained from the present model will provide a deep understanding of the functions of TT-LGDL morphology, and also help to optimize the design and fabrication of both the TT-LGDLs and CLs.
The Möbius function of the composition poset

We determine the Mobius function of the poset of compositions of an integer. In fact we give two proofs of this formula, one using an involution and one involving discrete Morse theory. The composition poset turns out to be intimately connected with subword order, whose Mobius function was determined by Bjorner. We show that using a generalization of subword order, we can obtain both Bjorner's results and our own as special cases.
Changes in Gut Microbiota–Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial

OBJECTIVE Adiposity and the gut microbiota are both related to the risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to comprehensively examine how changes induced by a weight-loss diet intervention in gut microbiota–related metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline and l-carnitine), were associated with improvements in adiposity and regional fat deposition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 510 overweight and obese individuals who were randomly assigned one of four diets varying in macronutrient intake. We examined associations of 6-month changes in blood metabolites (TMAO, choline, and l-carnitine) with improvements in body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat composition, fat distribution, and resting energy expenditure (REE). RESULTS Individuals with a greater reduction of choline (P CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese individuals who showed decreases in circulating choline or l-carnitine levels achieved greater improvements of adiposity and energy metabolism by eating a low-calorie weight-loss diet, suggesting that such metabolites are predictive of individuals’ response to the treatment. Further investigations are necessary to confirm our findings, particularly in a population with prediabetes that is more representative of the U.S. population with obesity.
Global Climate Change: Turning Knowledge Into Action

The science of climate change is a complex subject that balances the physical record and scientific fact with politics, policy, and ethics - and is of particular importance to the geosciences. This thoughtfully crafted new text and accompanying media encourage non-science majors to practice critical thinking, analysis, and discourse about climate change themes. Taking a cross-disciplinary approach, acclaimed educator and researcher, David Kitchen, examines not only the physical science, but the social, economic, political, energy, and environmental issues surrounding climate change. His goal: to turn knowledge into action, equipping students with the knowledge and critical skills to make informed decisions, separate facts from fiction, and participate in the public debate.
Extreme Value Theory for Applications

Extreme value theory has gone through a rapid development and we can now claim that it has become a mature and significant branch of probability theory. We can also proudly look at the ever increasing number of scientific publications dealing with the applications of extreme value theory. However, as the number of scientific fields, and within each field the number of publications that apply the theory increases, we should also be disturbed by the divergence of the theory and practice. Both theoreticians and applied scientists should listen to each other, seek guidance on what to do and cooperate more and more. This is why it is so delightful to have this opportunity to spend a week together and discuss our subject matter: The theory of extreme values and its applications.
Closed-Loop Active Fault Diagnosis for Stochastic Linear Systems

The ability to reliably distinguish between multiple fault hypotheses is generally strongly dependent on the input applied to the system. This paper presents a computationally efficient method for closed-loop active fault diagnosis (AFD) for stochastic linear systems with uncertain initial conditions and multiple fault models. The proposed AFD method relies on computing an open-loop optimal input sequence that is applied in a receding-horizon fashion by solving the input design problem online based on the most recent system measurements. The AFD problem is formulated to maximize a statistical distance measure of the model predictions subject to system constraints. We present a fast algorithm for solving the AFD problem to global optimality, with computational complexity that is independent of the number of models and the number of states in each model. The performance of the closed-loop AFD method is demonstrated on a benchmark fault diagnosis problem.
Why resource-based theory's model of profit appropriation must incorporate a stakeholder perspective

Research Summary: Using arguments derived from transactions cost economics and incomplete contract theory, this article shows that the assumption that shareholders are a firm's only residual claimants is logically inconsistent with resource‐based theory's model of profit generation. It follows from this conclusion that resource‐based theory's model of profit appropriation must incorporate a stakeholder perspective. Some theoretical and empirical implications of this conclusion for resource‐based theory's model of profit generation, profit appropriation, the role of managers and entrepreneurs in resource‐based theory, and how conflicting interests among stakeholders can be resolved are all discussed. Finally, some continuing differences between stakeholder theory and incorporating a stakeholder perspective into resource‐based theory's model of profit appropriation are also discussed. Managerial Summary: Some argue that since shareholders are the only stakeholder who have a claim on a firm's profits, managers should focus only on maximizing shareholder wealth. Not only will this satisfy shareholders, it will also satisfy a firm's other stakeholders, since—in principle—these other stakeholders get paid before shareholders. This article shows that this logic is deeply flawed. In particular, it shows that if the only stakeholder who has a claim on a firm's economic profits is shareholders, then—in most competitive settings—a firm will not be able to attract the kinds of resources it needs to generate these profits. To attract the kinds of resources that can generate profits, managers must recognize that stakeholders, besides shareholders, have claims on the profits that their resources help generate. This, in turn, suggests that managers seeking to generate economic profits must adopt a stakeholder perspective in how they manage their firm. This article explores the managerial implications of this conclusion.
SMARTer Approach to Personalizing Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose This review article introduces research methods for personalization of intervention. Our goals are to review evidence-based practices for improving social communication impairment in childr...
The Making of Microcelebrity: AfreecaTV and the Younger Generation in Neoliberal South Korea:

This article follows a recent thread of work on microcelebrity on social media and examines live streaming broadcasting jockeys (BJs) on AfreecaTV and their self-branding strategies in the South Ko...
Interprofessional Education: Application of Interprofessional Education Collaborative Core Competencies to School Settings

Purpose Changes in both health care and education systems have placed a greater emphasis on collaboration among professionals engaged with both systems who serve populations of school-age children ...
Characteristics of oil annular-mist flow in the compressor discharge pipe

Abstract Oil is essential to the compressor, but oil brings side effects on the heat exchanger performance. It is preferred to reduce the amount of oil circulating in the system and retain the oil in the compressor for both reliability and efficiency reasons. Oil leaves the compression chamber in the form of mist. Oil droplets are propelled by refrigerant vapor flow and form a developing annular-mist flow in the discharge pipe, as droplets gradually attach to the inner wall. In this paper, a video-based method to quantify the oil flow in the compressor discharge pipe is presented. Oil droplet size, oil droplet velocity, oil film thickness, and oil film wave velocity are measured at different mass flow rates and compressor speed. The measurements show a variety of oil flow parameters as functions of distance along the discharge pipe. The impact of system flow rate, compressor type, and oil properties are also discussed. The characteristics of oil discharged by the compressor provide essential information for oil separator design and optimization. The research approach also has the potential to be applied in other multiphase studies.
Techniques to Shorten a Screening Tool for Emergency Department Patients.

Author(s): Weiner, Scott G.; Hoppe, Jason A.; Finkelman, Matthew D. | Abstract: Introduction: Screening of patients for opioid risk has been recommended prior to opioid prescribing. Opioids are prescribed frequently in the emergency department (ED) setting, but screening tools are often of significant length and therefore limited in their utility. We describe and evaluate three approaches to shortening a screening tool: creation of a short form; curtailment; and stochastic curtailment.Methods: To demonstrate the various shortening techniques, this retrospective study used data from two studies of ED patients for whom the provider was considering providing an opioid prescription and who completed the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised, a 24-item assessment. High-risk criteria from patients’ prescription drug monitoring program data were used as an endpoint. Using real-data simulation, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and test length of each shortening technique.Results: We included data from 188 ED patients. The original screener had a test length of 24 questions, a sensitivity of 44% and a specificity of 76%. The 12-question short form had a sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 75%. Curtailment and stochastic curtailment reduced the question length (mean test length ranging from 8.1-19.7 questions) with no reduction in sensitivity or specificity.Conclusion: In an ED population completing computer-based screening, the techniques of curtailment and stochastic curtailment markedly reduced the screening tool’s length but had no effect on test characteristics. These techniques can be applied to improve efficiency of screening patients in the busy ED environment without sacrificing sensitivity or specificity.
Rateless Codes for Distributed Computations with Sparse Compressed Matrices

Unpredictable slowdown of worker nodes, or node straggling, is a major bottleneck when performing large matrix computations such as matrix-vector multiplication in a distributed fashion. For sparse matrices, the problem is compounded by irregularities in the distribution of non-zero elements, which leads to an imbalance in the computation load at different nodes. To mitigate the effect of stragglers we use rateless codes that generate redundant linear combinations of the matrix rows (or columns) and distribute them across workers. This coding scheme utilizes all partial work done by worker nodes, and eliminates tail latency. We also propose a balanced row-allocation strategy for allocating rows of a sparse matrix to workers that ensures that equal amount of non-zero matrix entries are assigned to each worker. The entire scheme is designed to work with compressed, memory-efficient formats like CSR/CSC that are used to store sparse matrices in practice. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that our balanced rateless coding strategy achieves significantly lower overall latency than conventional sparse matrix-vector multiplication strategies.
Autologous antibodies eluted from membrane fragments isolated from the effusions of human ovarian epithelial neoplasms. I. Quantitation of antibodies.

Abstract Cyst and ascites fluids from patients with ovarian epithelial neoplasms contain large amounts of soluble immunoglobulins without detectable antibody activity against human ovarian tumor cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence. Membrane fragments were prepared from 56 human ovarian effusions, and the oresence of membrane-bound IgG, IgA, and IgM was demonstrated. The predominant membrane-bound immunoglobulin class was IgG, which ranged from 18 to 4275 ng/ml on samples tested, whereas IgA was present in the range of 5 to 52 ng/ml. The autologous membrane-bound antibodies strongly recognized cell-surface antigens on four human ovarian cell lines and four surgical specimens of human ovarian adenocarcinoma but did not react with normal human ovaries, nonovarian normal and neoplastic tissues, or nonovarian human cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence assay. These studies indicate that patients with ovarian cancer have the capability of recognizing and forming antibodies against autologous ovarian tumor-associated antigens.
The addition of apalutamide to ADT in the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: safety and efficacy.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and is estimated to be responsible for more than 31,600 deaths in 2019, in the United States [1]. Despite the decline in the incidence of localized ...
Introduction: Oxidation Before Oxygen

At the turn of the fifteenth century it must have seemed to many French people that the world was going mad. King Charles VI suffered his first bout of mental illness in 1392, and he underwent intermittent periods of frenzy, melancholy, and ever-scarcer lucidity until his death in 1422. The king's malady was mirrored at every level of social experience, from the irrational civil war through which the body politic tore itself apart, to reports of elevated suicide rates among the common people. In this political environment, where affairs of state were closely linked to the ruler's mental state, French writers sought new ways of representing the psychological dynamics of the body politic. The delicacy of the king's condition demanded tact, a constraint that gave rise to unexpected literary representations of moments of mental and political breakdown. In this book I expose the innovative mix of organic and inorganic metaphors through which late medieval French writers explored the relationship between mind, body, and government: as a key example of this confrontation of the organic and the inorganic, I consider texts describing mental illness or intellectual impairments as a form of “rust.” While medieval writers frequently allegorize the state itself as a body, with the ruler at its head, they construct the mind within that head of state as a machine. From the characterization of the intellect as engin to the designation of four of the chief virtues as “cardinal” (from cardo , “hinge”), both cognitive function and moral decision-making carry with them notions of the mechanistic movement of metallic parts. Breakdowns of these processes vital to good government of self and of state result in the mind's metaphoric immobilization with rust. Such language becomes increasingly common over the course of the fourteenth century. In the context of Charles VI's reign and the crises that stemmed in part from his mental incapacity, inorganic metaphors, and more particularly the language of rust, offer an innovative and politically neutral instrument with which to represent the imbalanced mind and rewrite its ethical and political impact.
Towards Culturally Relevant Personalization at Scale: Experiments with Data Science Learners

In this article we describe our experiences building a large-scale data science program aimed at supporting diversity in online data science learning. This program was built to support a set of introductory skills-based, higher education courses. We are motivated by work done in project-based learning contexts and culturally responsive pedagogies and are particularly keen to understand how we can scale such kinds of approaches to large and diverse global classrooms. Specifically, we consider the country from which a learner is accessing the course as the key context for our work and discuss two interrelated investigations we have undertaken to understand how this feature interacts with learners’ motivation and learning. Our findings provide insights on how learners respond to location-specific problem-based personalizations in data science education and provides an initial exploration as to how this form of personalization differs depending on the geo-political context of the learners.