cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior Checklists and Rating Forms

A number of checklists exist for the assessment of phobic and anxiety disorders in children. Generally, the instruments are designed to be completed by lay persons (e.g., parent, teacher, or peer), and include a range of items tapping several constructs, of which phobic and anxiety disorders are a few. The purpose of this chapter is to review the research and clinical utility of selected behavior checklists in the assessment of phobic and anxiety disorders in children. General psychometric issues are addressed first; selected instruments are then briefly reviewed.
Algebras with Involutions and the Classical Groups

It has been known for a long time that there is a close connection between semisimple algebras with involutions and the classical semisimple Lie groups and Lie algebras. But the precise degree of generality of this relationship does not seem to have been ascertained anywhere, at least explicitly, in the printed literature on this subject.
Brain Growth in Children at Risk for Huntington Disease

Researchers at the University of Iowa and Washington University, St Louis, MO, studied the effect of the mutant Huntington gene (mHTT) on measures of growth in children at risk for Huntington disease (HD).
The Psychoanalytic Poetics of Weltschmerz in Mikhail Lermontov’s A Hero of Our Times

In order to understand the general significance of the term Weltschmerz, it must be understood that the constitution of the term, that is, its literal meaning of “world woe,” has a variety of interpretations, such as despair, defeat, and melancholia, each of which are subjectively related to the individual experiencing the emotion. Moreover, these expressions are not causative factors contributing to Weltschmerz, but, to the contrary, are symptomatic expressions of Weltschmerz. What causative agent(s) predispose(s) an individual to emote these representative expressions of Weltschmerz, and what, then, is Weltschmerz for that particular individual? For Lermontov, Weltschmerz meant melancholia; but before an analysis of melancholia in relation to Lermontov’s work can be explored, the psychological constitution of melancholia, as well as its psychogenic origins, will be discussed.
Current Pesticide Risk Assessment Protocols Do Not Adequately Address Differences between Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) and Bumble Bees (Bombus spp.)

Recent research has demonstrated colony-level sublethal effects of imidacloprid on bumble bees, affecting foraging and food consumption, and thus colony growth and reproduction, at lower pesticide concentrations than for honey bee colonies. However, these studies may not reflect the full effects of neonicotinoids on bumble bees because bumble bee life cycles are different from those of honey bees. Unlike honey bees, bumble bees live in colonies for only a few months each year. Assessing the sublethal effects of systemic insecticides only on the colony level is appropriate for honey bees, but for bumble bees, this approach addresses just part of their annual life cycle. Queens are solitary from the time they leave their home colonies in fall until they produce their first workers the following year. Queens forage for pollen and nectar, and are thus exposed to more risk of direct pesticide exposure than honey bee queens. Almost no research has been done on pesticide exposure to and effects on bumble bee queens. Additional research should focus on critical periods in a bumble bee queen’s life which have the greatest nutritional demands, foraging requirements, and potential for exposure to pesticides, particularly the period during and after nest establishment in the spring when the queen must forage for the nutritional needs of her brood and for her own needs while she maintains an elevated body temperature in order to incubate the brood.
The end of intelligence: espionage and state power in the information age, by David Tucker, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2014, 20.99 £ (Paperback), 242 pp., $19.99, First Edition. ISBN: 9780804792653.

The prevalence of information, and more specifically its widespread collection and manipulation by a plethora of groups, agencies, and individuals, has come to define recent decades. This has led t...
Comparison of Two Adsorbent Based de-Bittering Procedures for Neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Tea- Effect on Polyphenols, Anti-Oxidant Capacity, Color and Volatile Profile

Bitterness reduction, especially of foods and beverages containing phytonutrients, is one of the biggest challenges in the food industry because bitterness has a deleterious effect on the taste profile of foods and beverages. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a medicinal tree, indigenous to the Indian-subcontinent, whose medicinal properties have led to it being heralded as the tree which is the “panacea for all diseases”. However, neem leaf is extremely bitter, in large part due to its limonoid content, making it unpalatable. The objective of this study was to apply two adsorbent based strategies, namely solid phase extraction (SPE) and Amberlite XAD-16 (AMB) resin, to achieve de-bittering of neem tea and to determine the effects of the de-bittering on the bio-active, color and volatile properties. The solid SPE treatment completely removed the flavonol, quercetin, from neem tea while in Amberlite XAD-16 treated tea (AMB) it was only insignificantly (p > 0.05) reduced. We also observed decreases in total phenolic content and consequently anti-oxidant activities after de-bittering. A 62% mean reduction of limonoid aglycones indicated diminished levels of bitterness. The loss of phenolics lead to a visually appreciable color changes in the treated teas. The de-bittering also leads to a loss of sesquiterpenes, ketones and acids from neem tea. In conclusion, we found that while SPE cartridges were more efficient in removing bitterness, they caused a greater reduction in bio-active compounds than AMB XAD-16 resins, which may ultimately affect the health properties of neem tea.
Low-Level DNA Testing: Issues, Concerns, and Solutions

Faced with limited evidence that yield low amounts of DNA, forensic analysts will continually have to confront the question of how far to push DNA testing techniques. Low level DNA testing, also known as low copy number (LCN) analysis or low template DNA (LT-DNA) testing, involves enhancing detection sensitivity usually through increasing the number of PCR cycles. Stochastic effects inherent with analysis of low amounts of DNA yield allele or locus drop-out. Additionally, increasing detection sensitivity can result in a greater potential for contamination or allele drop-in. The possibility of secondary transfer is also a concern. Dedicated laboratory space must be ultra-clean and reagents and consumables decontaminated prior to use. Reliability of low level DNA testing is improved through the development of consensus profiles using results from replicate PCR amplifications. Efforts to reliably recover low level DNA through whole genome amplification have largely been unsuccessful. Suggestions for setting up a high sensitivity laboratory are provided as are useful validation experiments and thoughts on establishing cautious interpretation guidelines.
Laparoscopic Rectal Surgery

The short-term benefits of minimally invasive surgery for both patient and system are clear and irrefutable. However, for the colorectal surgeon, rectal cancer represents one of the most complex technical challenges in the field. Given this complexity, controversy persists regarding the long-term outcomes and safety profile of this minimally invasive technique in rectal cancer. These facts, in concert with the clinical and scientific evidence, that MIS of rectal cancer is both challenging and to date immature in long-term outcomes leads one to a simple conclusion. Until further long-term data can be obtained, it is prudent and appropriate to suggest that the laparoscopic treatment of rectal cancer be left in the hands of well-trained experts in highly capable institutions.
Causes and Consequences of Flavivirus RNA Methylation

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens that represent global threats to human health. The genomes of these positive-strand RNA viruses have been shown to be substrates of both viral and cellular methyltransferases. N7-methylation of the 5′ cap structure is essential for infection whereas 2′-O-methylation of the penultimate nucleotide is required for evasion of host innate immunity. N6-methylation of internal adenosine nucleotides has also been shown to impact flavivirus infection. Here, I summarize recent progress made in understanding roles for methylation in the flavivirus life-cycle and discuss relevant emerging hypotheses.
The Use of Phase Transfer Catalysts with Emulsion and Micelle Systems in Electro-Organic Synthesis

It was shown that in systems where diphenylacetonitrile were solubilized in organic-aqueous sodium hydroxide emulsions and micelles that one could obtain appreciable yields of the dehydrodimer by anodic oxidation at platinum electrodes if one used a cationic surfactant. It was also shown that it was possible anodically to dimerize diethyl malonate solubilized in micelles in a 2M sodium carbonate solution using a cationic surfactant if bromide ion was present. Best results in the anodic dimerization of diethyl malonate were obtained in emulsions prepared by adding tetrabutylammonium bromide to an aqueous 2M sodium carbonate solution.
Processing Coastal Lidar Time Series

In this chapter, we analyze time series of lidar data point clouds to assess the point density, gaps in coverage, spatial extent and accuracy. Based on this analysis and a given application we select appropriate resolution and interpolation method for computation of raster-based digital elevation model (DEM). We explain computation of DEMs by per raster-cell averaging, two types of splines. Assessment of systematic error using geodetic benchmarks or other ground truth point data and correction of any shifted DEMs is the final step in creating a consistent DEM time series.
Techniques for Automatic Autogenous Welding of Low Sulfur 316LN Beam Tube

Leaks and questionable penetration were found in some autogenous machine welded joints between the RHIC beam tube and flange located in the interconnect region. This investigation found the leaks were caused by hot cracking resulting from complications in welding low-sulfur, low-ferrite stainless steel. The marginal penetration is attributed to the joint design and the low sulfur content of the beam tube. Both problems are corrected using the same welding machine with specific electrode placement relative to the joint, and the addition of hydrogen to the shield gas. Repairs only should be accomplished with the addition of filler metal.
Hope in the Unexpected: How Can Teachers Still Make a Difference in the World?:

Background/ContextThe central role of hope in teaching has long been acknowledged by authors such as Sonia Nieto and Larry Cuban, but hope has received little focused attention from scholars. This ...
Sectioned Textures in the Decorative Arts

Although the quantitative interpretation of three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional sections is recent, the use of such sections in understanding matter and in enjoying it is old. The first action of a curious person in studying a stone or a stick or a piece of metal is to break it in two. Yet fracture is not a section, and the structural science of materials did not begin until the artisan’s fracture test was replaced by Sorby’s careful polished sections which presented the structure without distortion, though accepting the differences between a plane section and three-dimensional reality.
Exploration of Functional Limitation Codes for Outpatient Physical Therapy in the Medicare Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced functional limitation reporting (FLR) to capture patient progress in functional status in outpatient rehabilitation settings. FLR along with the severity modifier (SM) measure the effectiveness of the rehabilitation services at the physical therapist evaluation (initial examination [IE]) after 10 days of therapy and at discharge. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the completeness of FLR codes and describe changes in SMs at scheduled checkpoints for patients receiving outpatient physical therapy. Design The design was a retrospective cohort descriptive study. Methods A 5% random sample of 2014 Part B fee-for-service Medicare claims for outpatient physical therapy was used. FLR codes with SMs were analyzed at required periods. The number of claims with FLR codes and SMs was calculated to describe the completeness for each period. Planned changes in SMs at the physical therapist IE (current status and projected goal status) and differences in SMs from the physical therapist IE (current status) to discharge (discharge status) were calculated. Results For 114,588 beneficiaries, 166,572 physical therapist IE and 130,117 discharge claims were analyzed. Completion was greater than 90% for current status and projected goal status FLR codes at the physical therapist IE but was markedly lower for interim and discharge reporting (≤ 50% for all). More than 75% of claims had planned improvements in SMs at the physical therapist IE (projected goal status - current status), with variations by specific FLR codes. For the episodes with FLR codes at the physical therapist IE and discharge, improvements were reported in more than 2 of 3 episodes. Limitations Limitations for these analyses include a missing discharge claim on many outpatient physical therapy episodes and potential coding errors with Medicare claims. Conclusions Except for the physical therapist IE, FLR codes were not submitted consistent with regulations. Most physical therapy episodes showed improvements in FLR SMs from the physical therapist IE and discharge, although the low completion rate limited interpretation. Changes to the FLR program are warranted to understand whether changes in SMs correspond to changes in a patient's function.
Guide to Streaming Video Acquisitions.

Streaming video acquisition is the next format that librarians will face in the long line of media types. In this book the authors assist librarians with understanding the processes and procedures ...
Antecedents and Moderating Factors for Consumers’ Adoption of Fashion Subscription

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'; color: #454545}Subscription retailing is a fast-growing innovative online shopping medium. In light of the tremendous growth of subscription services in the fashion retail industry and the limited research on consumer behavior toward this emerging innovative retailing format, it is timely and needed to investigate factors influencing consumers’ adoption intention toward fashion subscription retailing. The purpose of this study is to discover the antecedents of consumers’ adoption intention of fashion subscription services following the Technology Acceptance Model. Additionally, this study aims to investigate the moderating effects of two shopping relevant traits, including hedonic shopping orientation and experiment with appearance. This study found that the influence of consumers’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment of fashion subscription retailing services on their adoption intention. Additionally, the multi-group analyses of the study suggested that the consumers’ perceptions variably influenced adoption intention depending on their shopping related traits.
High-Density Lipoprotein Carries Markers That Track With Recovery From Stroke

Rationale: Prospective cohort studies question the value of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for stroke risk prediction. Objective: Investigate the relationship between long-term functi...
Synthesis of vulcanite (CuTe) and metastable Cu1.5Te nanocrystals using a dialkyl ditelluride precursor

This study demonstrates that a dialkyl ditelluride reagent can produce metastable and difficult-to-achieve metal telluride phases in nanocrystal syntheses. Using didodecyl ditelluride and without the need for phosphine precursors, nanocubes of the pseudo-cubic phase (Cu1.5Te) were synthesized at the moderate temperature of 135 °C. At the higher temperature of 155 °C, 2-D nanosheets of vulcanite (CuTe) resulted, a nanomaterial in a phase that has not been previously achieved through thermal decomposition methods. Materials were characterized with TEM, powder XRD and UV-Vis-NIR absorbance spectroscopy.
Establishment of a Disease-Drug Trial Model for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Zoledronic Acid Case Study

Costly and lengthy clinical trials hinder the development of safe and effective treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. To reduce the expense associated with these trials, we established a mechanistic disease-drug trial model for postmenopausal osteoporosis that can predict phase 3 trial outcome based on short-term bone turnover marker data. To this end, we applied a previously developed model for tibolone to bisphosphonates using zoledronic acid as paradigm compound by (1) linking the mechanistic bone cell interaction model to bone turnover markers as well as bone mineral density in lumbar spine and total hip, (2) employing a mechanistic disease progression function, and (3) accounting for zoledronic acid's mechanism of action. Once developed, we fitted the model to clinical trial data of 581 postmenopausal women receiving (1) 5-mg zoledronic acid in year 1 and saline in year 2, (2) 5-mg zoledronic acid in year 1 and year 2, or (3) placebo (saline), calcium (500 mg), and vitamin D (400 IU). All biomarker data was fitted reasonably well, with no apparent bias or model misspecification. Age, years since menopause, and body mass index at baseline were identified as significant covariates. In the future, the model can be modified to explore the link between short-term biomarkers and fracture risk.
Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi accelerate leaf litter decomposition in a northern hardwood forest regardless of dominant tree mycorrhizal associations.

●Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi may either stimulate leaf litter decomposition by providing free-living decomposers with root-derived carbon, or may slow decomposition through nutrient competition between mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. ●We reduced the presence of fine roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi in a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA by soil trenching. Plots spanned a mycorrhizal gradient from 96% arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations to 100% ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated tree basal area. We incubated four species of leaf litter within these plots in areas with reduced access to roots and mycorrhizal fungi and in adjacent areas with intact roots and mycorrhizal fungi. ●Over a period of 608 d, we found that litter decayed more rapidly in the presence of fine roots and mycorrhizal hyphae regardless of the dominant tree mycorrhizal association. Root and mycorrhizal exclusion reduced the activity of acid phosphatase on decomposing litter. ●Our results indicate that both AM- and ECM-associated fine roots stimulate litter decomposition in this system. These findings suggest that the effect of fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi on litter decay in a particular ecosystem likely depends on whether interactions between mycorrhizal roots and saprotrophic fungi are antagonistic or facilitative.
Becoming immersed: Using Virtual Reality technologies in academic libraries to expand outreach and enhance course curricula

In the fall of 2018, the Binghamton University Libraries purchased Virtual Reality (VR) headsets and accessories to provide an innovative service on campus and extend its outreach. The availability...
Effect of Obesity on Clinical Failure of Patients Treated With β-Lactams.

Background Altered pharmacokinetics in obese patients raise concerns over worse clinical outcomes. This study assessed whether obese patients receiving a β-lactam have worse clinical outcomes compared to nonobese patients and to identify if therapeutic drug monitoring may be beneficial. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort included hospitalized adults admitted from July 2015 to July 2017 treated with a β-lactam as definitive monotherapy against a gram-negative bacilli for ≥72 hours. Patients were excluded if there was lack of source control or if polymicrobial infections required >1 antibiotic for definitive therapy. Patients were classified based on body mass index (BMI): nonobese (BMI ≤29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). The primary outcome was clinical treatment failure, and secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, inpatient all-cause mortality, and 30-day all-cause readmission. Results There were 257 (43.6%) obese patients and 332 (56.4%) nonobese patients included. The most common infections were urinary (50.9%) and respiratory (31.4%). Definitive treatment was driven by third-generation cephalosporins (46.9%) and cefepime (44.7%). Treatment failure occurred in 131 (51%) obese patients and 109 (32.8%) nonobese patients (P < .001). Obesity and respiratory source were independently associated with increased likelihood of treatment failure. Obese patients were hospitalized longer than nonobese patients (P = .002), but no differences were found for all-cause mortality (P = .117) or infection-related readmission (0 = 0.112). Conclusions Obese patients treated with β-lactams have higher rates of treatment failure and longer hospitalization periods than nonobese patients. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring and specific dosing recommendations for targeted infection types.
Just Compensation: An Empirical Examination of the Success of Legal Externships for Pay and Credit

For-credit externships offer law students a much-needed opportunity to experience the “real world” of legal practice, rounding out their legal education in ways not possible through classroom teaching alone. So when the ABA changed its rules to allow students to be compensated for their externships while still earning school credit, some in legal academia were worried. Would highly attractive paid externships come at the cost of diminished interest in unpaid government and non-profit work? Would the work that paid externs would be assigned be of a lesser educational quality than their for-credit only peers? Conjecture and anecdotal evidence abounded. This article aims to inject the debate over paid externships with empirical evidence. Drawing on several years’ worth of student and supervisor semester-end evaluations, the author analyzes enrollment patterns, numerical ratings of student performance, and work assignment descriptions to determine whether students who are paid for their externships fare any better or worse than their unpaid counterparts. The resulting data demonstrate that, first, though there has been a tremendous increase in interest in paid law firm and in-house externships, there has been virtually no decrease in interest in traditional placement types. Moreover, while paying students for their work has had some impact on the type of work performed, it is far less than critics might have predicted. Finally, there are some areas, such as quality of work performed, in which the data show that paid externs are thriving even more than their unpaid peers.
A Bayesian method for measuring risk propensity in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task

The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is widely-used to measure risk propensity in theoretical, clinical, and applied research. In the task, people choose either to pump a balloon to increase its value at the risk of the balloon bursting and losing all value, or to bank the current value of the balloon. Risk propensity is most commonly measured as the average number of pumps on trials for which the balloon does not burst. Burst trials are excluded because they necessarily underestimate the number of pumps people intended to make. However, their exclusion discards relevant information about people's risk propensity. A better measure of risk propensity uses the statistical method of censoring to incorporate all of the trials. We develop a new Bayesian method, based on censoring, for measuring both risk propensity and behavioral consistency in the BART. Through applications to previous data we demonstrate how the method can be extended to consider the correlation of risk propensity with external measures, and to compare differences in risk propensity between groups. We provide implementations of all of these methods in R, MATLAB, and the GUI-based statistical software JASP.
Rare case of iatrogenic immunodeficiency associated lymphoproliferative disorder with superimposed infection causing airway obstruction requiring emergent tracheostomy

Abstract Methotrexate is an immunomodulator used as first line treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and has a well-recognized association with other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPD). OIIA-LPD and its association with methotrexate has been discussed in the literature but is rarely seen in the pediatric population. Additionally, there are no prior reports showing an association between IIA-LPD and bacterial superinfection. We present a case of airway compromise requiring emergent tracheostomy in a 15-year-old patient secondary to superimposed infection in the setting of lymphoproliferative disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first case of OIIA-LPD causing airway compromise requiring emergent tracheostomy.
Wideband Quasi-Balanced Doherty Power Amplifier with Reciprocal Main/Auxiliary Setting and Mismatch-Resilient Parallel/Series Reconfiguration

This paper presents a novel reconfigurable quasi-balanced Doherty power amplifier (QB-DPA) with wide bandwidth and strong resilience to load mismatch. By leveraging the complementarity of reciprocal main/auxiliary setting and parallel/series modes, we demonstrate the first-ever broadband mismatch-resilient QB-DPA. To validate the proposed theory, a broadband 1.55-2.7-GHz QB-DPA is developed using GaN technology and 3-section branch-line coupler. With matched load, the experimental results exhibit an efficiency of 57-80% at peak output power and 49–71 % at 6-dB output back-off (OBO), respectively. Modulated measurement using a 20-MHz LTE signal with 10.5-dB peak to average ratio (PAPR) shows a 44–51 % average efficiency across the operation bandwidth and up to −36 dB ACPR. More importantly, a consistent output power and improved efficiency at OP 1dB are experimentally maintained through the parallel/series modes reconfiguration at 2: 1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).
Mitigating Risk Selection in Healthcare Entitlement Programs: A Beneficiary-Level Competitive Bidding Approach

Many developed countries rely, to varying degrees, on competition among private health plans to obtain affordable and high-quality health insurance for their residents. Incorporating beneficiary-le...
EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device: efficacy, safety, and predictability

Trabeculectomy has been the traditional primary surgical therapy for open-angle glaucoma. While trabeculectomy is effective in lowering intraocular pressure, complications associated with the procedure have motivated the development of alternative techniques and devices, including the EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device. This review describes the efficacy, safety, complication rates, and potential advantages and disadvantages of the EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device. EX-PRESS implantation is technically simpler compared with that of trabeculectomy, with fewer surgical steps. Vision recovery has been more rapid after EX-PRESS implantation compared with trabeculectomy. Intraocular pressure variation is lower during the early postoperative period, indicating a more predictable procedure. While efficacy of the EX-PRESS implant has been comparable to trabeculectomy, postoperative complications appear less common after EX-PRESS implantation compared with trabeculectomy. The EX-PRESS Glaucoma Filtration Device appears to be safe and effective in the surgical management of open-angle glaucoma.
Just-in-time knowledge management

This paper presents the requirements for just in time knowledge management (JIT-KM). In order to deliver high-value information to user for decision-making, one must understand the user’s preferences, biases and decision context. A JIT-KM architecture is presented consisting of user, middleware and data services to search for information from heterogeneous sources, and to rank and deliver this to decision-makers. The search process is described using concepts from Knowledge Sifter, an agent-based system that accesses heterogeneous sources using Semantic Web Services.
Shrapnel wound of the heart with benign manifestations involvement of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart with pain referred to the shoulder and neck.

Abstract 1. 1. A case is presented of a soldier who had a shrapnel wound of the heart and was asymptomatic except for referred pain in the left shoulder and neck region. 2. 2. The foreign body was accurately localized and successfully removed at operation. It consisted of a piece of shrapnel 7 × 7 × 8 mm. which was embedded in the musculature of the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle. 3. 3. Foreign bodies of the heart may be asymptomatic and, unless adjacent structures such as the diaphragmatic pleura are involved, no symptoms need arise. 4. 4. The patient was carefully studied less than a year after being wounded and six months after the operation. He was found to be in excellent health and, except for some interesting electrocardiographic changes, there was no objective evidence of cardiac impairment.
The Enforcement of United States Court Judgments in China: A Research Note

Whether the judgments of United States courts can and will be enforced in China is a question that will be increasingly asked as economic ties grow between the two countries. At present, at least, the answer is straightforward: U.S. judgments will not be enforced. Chinese law requires the existence of a treaty or de facto reciprocity in order to enforce a foreign judgment; neither exists between the United States and China. Research reveals specific cases in which enforcement was refused and no cases in which enforcement was granted. Thus, the best alternative for litigants seeking the assistance of Chinese courts is to obtain an arbitration award in a New York Convention member country - China is a member itself - or to litigate in Chinese courts.
Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian models for water waves

A general theory for determining Hamiltonian model equations from noncanonical perturbation expansions of Hamiltonian systems is applied to the Boussinesq expansion for long, small amplitude waves in shallow water, leading to the Korteweg-de-Vries equation.New Hamiltonian model equations, including a natural “Hamiltonian version” of the KdV equation, are proposed. The method also provides a direct explanation of the complete integrability (soliton property) of the KdV equation. Depth dependence in both the Hamiltonian models and the second order standard perturbation models is discussed as a possible mechanism for wave breaking.
Political radicalization on the Internet: Extremist content, government control, and the power of victim and jihad videos

The role of the internet in radicalizing individuals to extremist action is much discussed but remains conceptually and empirically unclear. Here we consider right-wing and jihadist use of the Internet – who posts what and where. We focus on extremist content related to radicalization to violent action, and argue that victim videos and jihad videos are particularly powerful in moving individuals to radical action. We interpret these two kinds of video as complementary parts of the kind of mobilization frame studied by social movement theorists. Finally we consider various kinds of government effort to control extremist content on the Internet.
Diffusivity Measurement Using Quasi Periodic Temperature Response Modeling

Periodic heat flow methods for measurement of the diffusivity of a material have proven to be highly effective methods dating back to the work of Angstrom. Typically, these measurements have involved a determination of the phase lag between a source applied to the surface and the temperature measured at the opposite surface. When the frequency of the periodic heating is well matched to specimen, it represents perhaps the most efficient thermal diffusivity measurement technique.
The effect of subliminal priming on sleep duration

Two experiments primed college students with either sleep-related or neutral words and then assessed sleep during a 25 minute nap period. Both experiments showed that participants primed with sleep-related words reported having slept longer than did those primed with neutral words. Furthermore, both experiments showed that sleep-primed participants exhibited lower heart rate. Experiment 2 also revealed that the effect of the priming manipulation was especially strong among participants who had trouble sleeping. This suggests that priming might be a cost-effective treatment for inducing sleep among people with sleep problems.
Equality or Dysfunction - State Tax Law in a Post-Windsor World

Depending on one’s religious and political proclivities, the United States Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Windsor can either been seen as a progressive step towards equality or a troublesome departure from traditional marriage norms. Notwithstanding, from a federal tax perspective, the Windsor decision clearly raised a myriad of issues that spanned virtually the entire Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), including but not limited to income taxes (including filing status), estate and gift taxes, payroll taxes, and the tax treatment of retirement account contributions and social security benefits. In the aftermath of Windsor, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) was left with a quandary in administering marital-status-dependent Code provisions: should it base its administration of the Code on the taxpayer’s valid marriage in the state in which it was performed (commonly referred to as the “state of celebration” test) or the taxpayer’s state of residence or domicile (commonly referred to as the “state of residence” test)? The IRS resolved most of the federal tax issues raised by Windsor in its issuance of Revenue Ruling 2013-17, which chiefly adopted a state of celebration test for income and other tax purposes. However, the ruling did not extend to quasi-marital statuses, such as domestic partnerships and civil unions, resulting in federal tax non-recognition and complexities for couples in those legally recognized relationships. Windsor also raised innumerable state and local taxation issues, particularly for the majority of the states that outright ban, or otherwise do not recognize, gay marriages. The Windsor decision’s failure to completely repeal all provisions of the Defense of Marriage Act (“DOMA”), specifically Section 2, permits states to continue such bans or lack of recognition, resulting in significant state and local tax complexities for same-sex couples that reside in such states but chose to marry in one of the seventeen states (and District of Columbia) that permit it. Thus, a post-Windsor world remains complex and uncertain for a majority of married same-sex couples. As with federal taxation, for couples in a domestic partnership or civil union, their state and local taxation issues remain much as they did prior to Windsor and Revenue Ruling 2013-17 – complex and uncertain.
The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus in newborn rats deficient in vitamin B12.

Richardson & Hogan (1946) produced hydrocephalus in rats by feeding a purified casein diet containing all the vitamins available at that time. Almost 2% of the young from females fed the experimental diet were hydrocephalic; female rats fed the same diet supplemented with liver extract gave birth to normal young. It is now thought that this diet was marginally deficient in vitamin B12 (Newberne & O'Dell, 1961). Animals which showed no gross evidence of lesions in the central nervous system had reduced maze-learning abilities as compared to animals on control diets (Whitley, O'Dell & Hogan, 1951). The frequency in occurrence of hydrocephalus was greatly increased by changing the source of protein in the diet from casein to soybean oil meal, and also by adding X-methyl folic acid. Vegetable proteins, such as soybean oil meal, are known to have a lower content of vitamin B12 than does the protein from milk.
A Tax Reform Conundrum: Insights From A Survey Of Tax Professors

The George W. Bush presidency’s mandate for tax cuts, combined with predictions of substantial budget surpluses during the next ten years, is fueling two related debates: (1) elimination of the estate tax, and (2) reduction of tax rates by reforming and simplifying the tax code. This paper uses the results of a survey of accounting tax professors to assess opinions regarding the elimination of the estate tax, as well as, the feasibility of reducing tax rates through reform by using a flat tax. The results of this study suggest that tax professors do not favor the repeal of the estate tax and are lukewarm to replacing the current tax system with a flat tax.
Theory of relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract The current status of heavy ion physics from medium energies to the quark gluon plasma is discussed in the light of several theoretical approaches. Relativistic mean field theory is discussed. The nuclear equation of state at high density and temperature is investigated in a nuclear fluid dynamic model: nuclear matter is considered as a relativistic interacting Bose and Fermi gas of π and η mesons, photons, and nucleonic resonances. At the microscopic level, the approach to local kinetic equilibrium in relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied by following the time evolution of the Wigner function in configuration and momentum space using the Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck theory. This theoretical approach includes the nuclear mean field, two body collisions, particle production, relativistic kinematics, and the Pauli principle. A Newtonian Force Model, TDHF, the Vlasov equation, the IntraNuclear Cascade model, macroscopic Nuclear Fluid Dynamics, and a simple shock model are studied as reference cases. In the VUU theory, rapid equilibration of the participant region is observed within time spans on the order of 10 fm/c. Total stopping of the projectile occurs at small impact parameters: a sidesplash of nuclear matter is predicted due to the interplay of the nuclear compressional energy and collisions. These theoretical approaches are compared to the experimental data. The pion yields, single particle spectra, and kinetic energy flow angular distributions are found to be sensitive to the nuclear compressibility and the Pauli principle: preliminary evidence for a surprisingly stiff nuclear equation of state is presented. Nuclear fragmentation or complex particle production is studied in a quantum statistical model that includes the isotopes up to Ne and also by applying a six dimensional coalescence model to the VUU final state.
Decomposition of NO2 to NO and O on Pt(111)

Abstract We have studied the adsorption and subsequent chemistry of N02 on Pt(111). At low temperatures ( ∼ 120 K), NO2 adsorbs molecularly on this platinum surface. The decomposition of NO2 to NO and O becomes appreciable at temperatures above 240 K. The decomposition of NO2 on Pt(111) provides a very efficient source of adsorbed O on this surface. The coverage of adsorbed O from ths source can be significantly larger than the saturation coverage obtained from adsorption of O2.
Raman studies of solution polyglycine conformations.

Polyglycine (polygly) is an important model system for understanding the structural preferences of unfolded polypeptides in solution. We utilized UV resonance and visible Raman spectroscopy to investigate the conformational preferences of polygly peptides of different lengths in water containing LiCl and LiClO4. Lithium salts increase the solubility of polygly. Our study indicates that in solution the conformational ensemble of polygly, as well as central peptide bonds of gly5 and gly6, are dominated by the 31 extended helix, also known as the polyglycine II conformation (PGII). This preference of the polygly backbone for the PGII conformation in solution is likely a result of favorable interactions between carbonyl dipoles in these extended helices. We found that high concentrations of Li + stabilize the PGII conformation in solution, most likely by polarizing the peptide bond carbonyls that makes PGII-stabilizing carbonyl-carbonyl electrostatic interactions more favorable. This ability of Li + to stabilize 31-helix conformations in solution gives use to the denaturing ability of lithium salts.
Top producers of scholarly publications in clinical psychology PhD programs.

Publication productivity of 1,927 core faculty members in clinical psychology training programs was tallied over a 5-year period (2000–2004) from their PsycINFO database entries (http://www.apa.org/psycinfo/). The top-producing faculty members are presented with rank by total number of publications and rank by number of peer-reviewed journal articles. In this report, the authors recognize those productive clinical psychologists in accredited clinical programs who have advanced the field through their substantial contributions to the literature base. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 1209–1215, 2007.
Computational Characterization of Adhesive Layer Properties Using Guided Waves in Bonded Plates

This research develops a guided waves technique to nondestructively characterize the stiffness properties of bonded engineering components. This study first quantifies the influence of the relevant adhesive layer properties—Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and bond thickness—on the dispersion curves of a two-layer bonded system, an aluminum plate with an adhesive tape layer bonded to its lower surface. Both a commercial finite element (FE) code (ABAQUS/Explicit) and the global matrix method (GMM) are used to determine the dispersion relationships of this bonded plate system in the form of frequency-wavenumber and slowness-frequency relations. These dispersion curves are then used to determine a set of adhesive tape parameter sensitive points, whose frequency coordinates represent the solution criteria for a proposed inversion procedure. This inversion is based on the GMM and assumes the three adhesive tape properties are unknown. The performance of this inversion procedure depends on the number of input time-domain signals; it is possible to solve the inverse problem for all three of the unknown adhesive tape properties if multiple input signals are known.
CONSIDERATIONS OF A GENERAL RHEOLOGICAL MODEL FOR THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF VISCOELASTIC SOLID FOOD MATERIALS

A model describing the rheological behavior patterns of solid foods is suggested and discussed. It consists of a parallel array of a generalized Maxwell body in which the Maxwell elements have been modified by incorporation of two fracture elements. The model enables the anticipation of response patterns of real food materials under various force—deformation histories without becoming inconsistent. It also predicts the viscoelastic phenomena of materials after their failure and does not exclude the elastic deformation stage. The effects of experimental conditions, differences between various types of foods, as well as variations and changes in the same food can be expressed or explained in terms of model components and their relative distribution. The application of the model is demonstrated with a small number of representative elements.
Relationships between theory-driven empirical research in operations management and other disciplines

Ž . Recently, operations management OM has observed a surge in field-based, empirical research, with concurrent emphasis on theory as a research driver. In this paper, theory is defined, and its crucial role in OM explained. This paper goes beyond simply stating that theory is required for ‘good’ research, and explains at a fundamental, intuitive level the critical importance of theory. The metaphor of theory as a ‘lens’ will be utilized to explain the role of theory in research and in the knowledge base. Because formal theorizing in other fields is generally more mature than in OM, because other fields have previously dealt with the role of theory, and because OM is small relative to other fields, it is prudent to examine the history of other disciplines for lessons they have learned. While OM has constructed ‘home-grown’ theories, such as the cumulaŽ . tive model Ferdows and De Meyer, 1990 , the Ž . customer contact model Chase and Tansik, 1983 , Ž and the process–product matrix Hayes and Wheel. wright, 1979 , OM lags disciplines such as sociology and economics in the creation of formal, researchoriented theoretical perspectives. Additionally, many of OM’s areas of study are interdisciplinary, requir-
Emergency room use and access to alternative sources of care.

Summary In recent years a great deal of attention has been called to the extent to which emergency rooms (ERs) in the United States are being used for routine-rather than emergency-care. In attempting to explain this extensive routine use, many scholars have surmised that much of this use occurs among people for whom the emergency room is the only—or is the most convenient-health care facility available. That is, many researchers have posited that the emergency room serves to extend health services to medically disadvantaged persons who might otherwise have no convenient access to care. Of course, such a claim has profound implications for the role of the emergency room in bringing about an equitable distribution of medical resources. Yet in spite of the importance of this issue, few studies have provided empirical evidence useful for assessing the claimed relationship between emergency room utilization and access to alternative sources of care. The present study seeks to close this research gap by employing national survey data to examine emergency room visits in light of the accessibility of more traditional provider settings. Multiple Classification Analysis is used to analyze the data, and comparisons are made for the sample as a whole as well as for three critical explanatory variables: income, age, and residence. In addition, four indicators of illness are used as controls. Findings suggest that, contrary to what has previously been surmised, emergency room visitation often occurs independently of, rather than as a substitute for, access to non-ER health care settings. Finally, implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.