cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of phosphatidylinositol synthase activity from Tetrahymena

Properties of phosphatidylinositol synthase (PtdIns-synthase) from the ciliate Tetrahymena were investigated using microsomal fractions enriched for the enzyme. Optimum conditions for PtdIns-synthase activity as assayed in a Triton X-100/CDP-DAG mixed micelle system with [3H] myo-Ins as co-substrate were a pH of 8.0 using 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer and a temperature of 30°C. Incubation of PtdIns-synthase at pre-selected temperatures prior to assay at 30°C showed that the enzyme was stable for at least 20 min at 40°C. A sharp decline in activity was seen after incubation at 50°C for 20 min. Activity was stimulated by 2 mM Mg2+, and stimulated to a slightly lesser degree by 1 mM Mn2+; however, these two ions in combination were synergistic. Other metal cations (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, and Li) at a concentration of 2 mM had no appreciable effect on activity. Under optimum assay conditions, Tetrahymena PtdIns-synthase activity was linear over at least 20 min and was linear with increasing concentrations of the enzyme. The enzyme was capable of utilizing both [3H]scyllo-and [3H] (1D) chiro-Ins as substrate to form phosphatidyl-[3H]scyllo-and phosphatidyl-[3H](1D) chiro-inositol, respectively, with (1D)chiro-inositol being the least preferred substrate. The in vitro synthesized myo-and scyllo-inositol-containing phosphoinositides were susceptible to hydrolysis by Bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, but the (1D) chiro-inositol phosphoinositide was resistant. We hypothesize that putative DAG and scyllo-IP3 second messengers produced by the cleavage of polyphospho-scyllo-inositides may function in novel transmembrane signaling cascades.
Octreotide treatment of carcinoid syndrome : analysis of published dose-titration data

SUMMARY Background: Octreotide has proven therapeutically effective in carcinoid syndrome, but the rarity of carcinoid tumors has hampered detailed dose-ranging studies. This study analysed published dose-titration data on octreotide use in carcinoid patients to (a) investigate the relation between octreotide dose and efficacy and (b) establish octreotide dosing recommendations for maximum therapeutic benefit. Method: An exhaustive, computer-assisted literature search for published articles employing octreotide to manage patients with carcinoid syndrome was performed using several databases. The relation between octreotide dose and efficacy in decreasing urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels, flushing and diarrhoea was analysed for seven dose ranges by pooling data from selected articles. Results: Analysis of data compiled from 62 published studies revealed that maximum effective therapeutic doses of octreotide effectively controlled symptoms in up to 93 % of patients, and that increasing the dose of octreotide is associated with increased benefit with respect to control of flushing, diarrhoea and 5-HIAA levels. Conclusions: We recommend starting octreotide therapy at 100 μg subcutaneously t.d.s. in patients with mild/moderate, non-life-threatening carcinoid syndrome. Since therapeutic response to octreotide varies markedly among patients, we recommend titrating the octreotide dose in increments of 50–100 μg every 8 h until adequate symptom control is achieved.
Rapid Manufacturing Using Infiltration Selective Laser Sintering

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is tooless, computer-controlled layerwise additive manufacturing using a laser and a powder bed. The scanning laser locally melts the surface of a powder bed selectively, followed by deposition of a fresh layer of powder and repetition of the process. SLS has been developed for plastic powder. Creation of non-metallics and metal parts is more challenging. One approach is to mix the master powder with a transient binder. SLS melts the binder which wets the master powder, creating a green part. Subsequent post-processing is required to either remove the binder or convert it to a usable form. The last step is infiltration with a molten substance. Fundamentals of infiltration theory will be reviewed. A study of dimensional changes associated with various stages of processing reveals that overall linear dimensions vary less than one percent compared to the computer solid model. Several examples demonstrating the utility of an infiltration approach to freeform fabrication will be presented. These include silicon carbide with a phenolic binder, infiltrated with silicon; graphite with a phenolic binder infiltrated with epoxy; and tool steel with a proprietary low-ash binder infiltrated with cast iron.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Self-Excited Oscillations of Capacitor-Compensated Long-Distance Transmission Systems

THE transmission of electric power over long distances has been the subject of considerable study,1 and it has been concluded that an effective way of increasing the permissible straightaway transmission distance is by means of series-capacitor compensation of part of the transmission-line inductive reactance. The introduction of longer lines together with capacitor compensation brings up several technical problems which must be considered if proper operation is to be assured. Studies of transient stability and switching times following faults and of abnormal overvoltages which may result from interaction of line capacitance and transformer exciting impedance at no load are presented in references 2 and 3 respectively. This paper presents the results of a study of hunting and self-excitation during normal operation as affected by line and machine characteristics.
HCO3−-Dependent ATPase activity in the gills of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Abstract 1. 1. A HCO3− activated ATPase is present in both fresh water and sea water adapted rainbow trout gills. The apparent Km for HCO3− is 0·016 M. 2. 2. Both the ATPase and active Cl− uptake by intact gills are inhibited by SCN−, but by apparently independent mechanisms. 3. 3.Cl− is not required for activation of the ATPase; at [Cl−] greater than 0·010 M, enzyme activity is inhibited 4. 4. The intracellular location of the HCO3− ATPase is unclear, but preliminary evidence suggests it is both mitochondrial and microsomal.
Clinical Research Note on Psychometric Limitations of Two Harris-Lingoes Subscales for the MMPI-2

The Harris-Lingoes subscales were carried over to the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A despite limited empirical evaluation of these scales for either the original or the revised instruments. In the revised forms of the MMPI, these subscales are subject to the same interpretive guideline applied to the other standard scales, that is, T-score elevations Z65 are interpreted as representing clinically significant data. A special problem arises for two subscales because these measures cannot produce clinical range elevations. The maximum attainable T score for both genders on the MMPI-2 Denial of Social Anxiety (Hy1) subscale is 61, and the highest T score attainable for the Social Imperturbability (Pd3) subscale is 64 for men and 65 for women. Modifications to standard interpretive practices are suggested in light of these findings, particularly noting the inability of these two subscales to produce useful clinical data.
Techniques to improve motion compensation performance of H264 video decoder using a vector processor

Motion Compensation for video decoding in standards like H.264 requires significant amount of computation. This is primarily because of H.264 six-tap FIR filtering for sub-sample computation. These algorithms typically take more than 50% of the computational time on a RISC processor like ARM. Novel algorithms proposed through this paper can be employed for systems which use vector processors as video decode accelerators to accelerate this process. The proposed algorithms are implemented on H264 video decode system with ARM9 host-processor and RSVP vector processor as an accelerator for key decode algorithms. By employing the proposed algorithms we were able to accelerate the motion compensation module by more than 4 times as compared to plain RISC implementation. This is achieved by efficiently vectorizing data on which FIR-filtering and reconstruction algorithm is operated on, together with optimal representation of FIR-filtering and reconstruction algorithm itself on vector processor.
On the diffusion of a fast molecule

We consider the motion of a heavy particle in interaction with an infinite ideal gas of slow atoms. We prove that the velocity of the heavy particle is, in a suitable limit, modeled by a deterministic process. We also treat the process of rescaled velocity fluctuations around a certain deterministic motion and show that this is appropriately modeled by a nonhomogeneous diffusion process.
Application of force field in Gibbs ensemble lattice statistics to model vapor/liquid equilibria

Calculations of vapor/liquid equilibrium conditions are done with an extended quasi-chemical model. The lattice-fluid description of the liquid phase includes nonrandomly placed vacancies and interaction parameters using the TraPPE validated force field. Good agreement between experiment and model calculations for binary mixtures of alcohol, alkanes and dimethyl ether is found using two global model parameters and one system-specific interaction scaling parameter. This iteration of the quasi-chemical model performs as well or better than calculations using a published version of Modified UNIFAC and COSMO-SAC-VT-2005 for most of the systems considered. A generalized Guggenheim athermal ways function is derived to model liquid systems with vacancies and predetermined molecular structures.
Discriminative conditioning of vocalizations in Lemur catta

Abstract Two lemurs ( Lemur catta ) received food reward for each vocalization of certain types emitted during 30-min sessions for 20 days. A light stimulus then was introduced for periods totalling half of each session, and only vocalizations made while the light was off were reinforced. Finally, the conditions were reversed and reward followed vocalizations only during the light-on periods. Both animals showed a moderate increase in responses during the continuous-reinforcement situation. In the discrimination situation (and its reversal) response-rate and latency measures showed appropriate differences in behaviour under the two stimulus conditions. The relation to other studies of animal vocalization and its manipulation by reinforcement is discussed.
Particle transport in a vortex medium

Abstract We study numerically particle transport in a two-dimensional coherent vortex field. Reasonable agreement exists between previously derived radial transport coefficients for energetic particles (Verkhoglyadova, O.P., le Roux, J.A. Particle diffusion on vortices in nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. Astrophys. J. 602, 1002–1005, 2004a; Verkhoglyadova, O.P., le Roux, J.A. Cosmic ray transport in a vortex flow. IGPP-UCR Conf. Physics of the Outer Heliosphere (Riverside), AIP Conf. Proc., pp. 243–248, 2004b) and results of numerical simulations. Different physical factors controlling particle momentum change and drifts are analysed. It is shown that the vortex electric field is the main cause of trapped particle motion. Drift due to magnetic field inhomogeneity predominantly disturbs free particle gyroorbit along background magnetic field in the vicinity of a vortex. Our simulations show the development of a subdiffusion regime.
Human lactate dehydrogenase-B processed pseudogene: nucleotide sequence analysis and assignment to the X-chromosome.

Abstract Two human genomic clones containing the lactate dehydrogenase-B processed pseudogene were isolated from two patients deficient in lactate dehydrogenase-B isozyme. The sequences of 3,287 nucleotides, including the pseudogenes and its flanking regions, from both clones were found to be identical except for three differences in the pseudogenes. The sequences of 1,286 nucleotides from these two pseudogenes exhibited 93% homology with the cDNA sequence of the lactate dehydrogenase-B functional gene, and the pseudogene contained 75 76 base substitutions, 11 12 single-base deletions, and 5 single-base insertions. This pseudogene was mapped to the X-chromosome by dot-blot analysis using a probe for the pseudogene or its 5′ flanking sequence.
Rewriting the Captivity Narrative for Contemporary Children: Speare, Bruchac, and the French and Indian War

Juxtaposing the French and Indian War stories of Elizabeth George Speare, a mid-twentieth- century Anglo-American children's author, against those of Joseph Bruchac, a twenty-first- century Abenaki children's author, reveals how flexible and powerful captivity narratives have been in shaping arguments about gender, nationhood, citizenship, and land in the postwar United States.
Tryptophanase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio K-7 synthesis, purification, and some chemical catalytic properties

The conditions for synthesis, purification, and properties of tryptophanase by a marine organism (Vibrio K-7) were studied. Tryptophanase was induced by tryptophan and its analogs, and partially repressed by 0.5% glucose or glycerol. NaCl (0.4M) was required for optimal growth and tryptophanase activity in whole cells. The enzyme was purified to 92% homogeneity by heat treatment, hydroxyapatite chromatography and fractionation with ammonium sulfate. This tryptophanase has been found to have kinetic properties similar to the tryptophanase from other microorganisms. It carries out both α, β-elimination reactions (using tryptophan, serine, cysteine and S-methyl-cysteine as substrates) and β-replacement reactions (forming tryptophan from indole and serine, cysteine or S-methyl-cysteine). The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.2S and requires pyridoxal 5′-phosphate as a cofactor. The optimal pH for the tryptophanase reaction is pH 8.0.
Dietary lignan intake and androgen receptor expression in breast tumors

Purpose Lignans, a class of phytoestrogen commonly found in the Western diet, have been linked to decreased breast cancer risks in epidemiologic studies. Similar to estrogen receptors, the androgen receptor (AR), a prognostic factor in breast tumors, may be affected by lignans. However, few studies have investigated this link in the context of breast cancer etiology. We evaluated the relationship between dietary lignan intake and AR expression in incident breast tumors.
The role of intervening illnesses and injuries in prolonging the disabling process.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between intervening illnesses and injuries leading to hospitalization and restricted activity, respectively, and prolongation of disability in four essential activities of daily living in newly disabled older persons. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Greater New Haven, Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS: Community-living persons aged 70 and older who had at least one episode of disability from March 1998 to June 2013 (N = 632). MEASUREMENTS: Disability and exposure to intervening illesses and injuries leading to hospitalization and restricted activity, respectively, were assessed every month. Prolongation of disability was operationalized in two complementary ways: as a dichotomous outcome, based on the persistence of any disability, and as a count of the number of disabled activities. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 114 months, the 632 participants experienced 2,764 disability episodes. The mean exposure rates for hospitalization and restricted activity were 80.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 73.7-88.4) and 173.6 (95% CI = 162.5-185.5), respectively, per 1,000 person-months. After adjustment for multiple disability risk factors, the likelihood of disability prolongation was 2.5 times as great (odds ratio (OR) 2.54, 95% CI = 2.05-3.15) for hospitalization and 1.2 times as great (1.21, 95% CI = 1.06-1.40) for restricted activity as for no hospitalization or restricted activity, and the mean number of disabilities was 35% (risk ratio (RR) = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.30-1.39) greater in the setting of hospitalization and 7% (1.07, 95% CI = 1.05-1.09) greater in the setting of restricted activity. CONCLUSION: Intervening illnesses and injuries leading to hospitalization and restricted activity, respectively, are strongly associated with prolongation of disability in newly disabled older adults. Efforts to prevent and more-aggressively manage these intervening events have the potential to break the cycle of disability in older persons. Language: en
Luminescence and space charge in polymeric dielectrics - [whitehead memorial lecture (2008)]

Polymers are extensively used as insulating material in high voltage devices, such as underground power cables, power capacitors and transformers. During normal operation the polymeric insulation of a power device is not only subjected to electrical stresses, but could also be subjected to other stresses that can cause the degradation and ultimately lead to insulation failure. It has been well established that electroluminescence and charge injection, which gives rise to space charge in the polymeric insulation, occur at ac, dc and impulse field above a certain threshold value. Space charge can cause dissipative energetic processes such as photon and phonon emission, increase the local electric field and reduce the withstand voltage of the insulation. This paper describes the characteristics of electroluminescence in polymeric insulation subjected to ac voltage and shows its relevance to space charge injection in the material. It is shown that insulation subjected to high voltage could emit various types of light but electroluminescence emission which is related to space charge injection can be clearly distinguished from these other types of light emission. The electroluminescence technique is a valuable tool to evaluate the dielectric properties of novel insulating materials, such as nanodielectrics.
Periodization and Decimation

The ring structure of Z/n provides important tools for gaining deep insights into algorithm design. The fundamental partition of the indexing set Z/p m , a major step in the Rader-Winograd FT algorithm of the preceeding chapter, was based on the unit group U(p m ). We will now examine how the ideal theory of the ring Z/n can be used for algorithm design.
Bit Error Ratio Performance of 112 Gb/s PM-QPSK Transmission Systems

For 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift-keying systems, the generalized Gaussian probability density function is used to quantify the impact of carrier phase estimation algorithms on the statistical properties of the resultant signal sample values and to obtain an estimate of the system bit error ratio when direct bit error counting is not feasible. The shape parameter in the probability density function is useful for distinguishing the performance of different signal processing algorithms and system configurations.
Reduction of the fatigue-induced force decline in human skeletal muscle by optimized stimulation trains

Abstract Objective: To identify the stimulation pattern that optimizes the force-time integral produced during isometric contractions of fatigued human skeletal muscle. Design: Twelve healthy subjects with no history of lower extremity orthopedic problems voluntarily participated. Results: The primary findings were that (1) the optimized trains showed augmentation only from fatigued muscles and (2) a simple stimulation pattern, containing one brief (5msec) initial interpulse interval, produced the greatest force-time integrals and rates of rise of force. With muscle fatigue, the rate of rise of force of the constant-frequency train slowed, whereas the rate of rise of force of the optimized trains remained unchanged. This difference in the rate of rise of force may explain why the optimized trains, which take advantage of the catchlike property of skeletal muscle, are able to augment forces from fatigued muscles when compared with the constant-frequency train. Conclusions: These results may have important clinical implications when using brief trains of electric stimulation to aid patients in performing functional movements and contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the activation pattern of a muscle and the force output produced.
Analysis of induced surface currents on high velocity target using a relativistic approach

Radar is an electromagnetic system used for the detection and location of objects based on reflection. It operates by radiating energy into space and detecting the echo signal reflected from an object or target. This work analyzes how currents are induced on targets by the electromagnetic waveforms radiated by an antenna when the object is moving at high velocity. It is assumed that the target is a perfect electric conductor moving at high velocity. This work analyzes how the amplitude, the frequency and the duration of these currents are affected by the target velocity. The transmitted electromagnetic waveforms can then be calculated using vector potentials and by using the Lorentz transformation, the electromagnetic waveform is transformed from the stationary reference frame to a moving reference frame. Currents induced on the object can be modeled by using the transformed waveform and the equivalence principle. The object radiates an electromagnetic waveform as a consequence of the induced currents. The radiated waveform is calculated using the vector potentials and once more the reflected waveform is transformed from the moving reference frame to the stationary reference frame using the Lorentz transformation. Finally the equivalence principle was used to calculate currents induced in the antenna by the reflected electromagnetic waveforms. The relationship of the induced current on the antenna as a function of the target velocity is analyzed.
Semantics reinforcement and fusion learning for multimedia streams

Fusion of multimedia streams for enhanced performance is a critical problem for retrieval. However, fusion performance tends to easily overfit the hillclimb set used to learn fusion rules. In this paper, we perform fusion learning for multimedia streams using a greedy performance driven algorithm. In our fusion learning paradigm, fused output is a linear combination of multiple classifiers or ranked streams. The algorithm is inspired from Ensemble Learning [2] but takes that idea further for improving generalization capability. A key application of our fusion learning algorithm, described in this work, is semantics reinforcement using an ensemble of classifiers built using the same training dataset but groundtruth corresponding to different concepts. We expect that classifiers built for semantically close concepts should reinforce each other's performance and fusion learning is an excellent post-classification way to reinforce semantics and performance. Fusion learning experiments have been performed on TRECVID 2005 test set. Experiments using the well established retrieval effectiveness measure of mean average precision reveal that our proposed algorithm improves over the best classifier (oracle) by 3.8%. We also present and discuss some interesting and intuitive semantic reinforcement trends observed during fusion learning.
Unreliability of Results of PCR Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Clinical or Environmental Samples

The aim of this study was to compare published Helicobacter pylori primer pairs for their ability to reliably detect H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens and salivary samples. Detection limits of the 26 PCR primer pairs previously described for detection of H. pylori DNA in clinical samples were determined. Sensitivity and specificity were determined using primers with detection limits of 90% with gastric biopsy specimens. No combinations of primer pairs improved the results. Using these five primer pairs, 54% of the positive saliva samples were determined to be false positive; both the HP64-f/HP64-r and the HP1/HP2 sets produced false positives with saliva. We conclude that clinicians should not rely on results using current PCR primers alone to decide the H. pylori status of an individual patient or as a basis for treatment decisions. The results of studies based on PCR identification of H. pylori in environmental samples should be viewed with caution. Possibly, specific primers sets can be identified based on the presence of multiple putative virulence factor genes.
A 16.6-kilodalton protein in the Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 plays a role in the heat shock response.

The low molecular weight (LMW) heat shock protein (HSP) gene hsp16.6 was identified and cloned from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 through comparisons of genomic sequences and conserved gene sequences of the LMW HSPs. Hsp16.6 was isolated using PCR and cloned into the pGEMT plasmid. Hsp16.6 showed a significant increase in transcription after heat shock at 42°C that indicated hsp16.6 was a heat shock gene. To determine the role that hsp16.6 plays in the heat shock response, a mutant Synechocystis cell line was generated. Cell growth and oxygen evolution rates of wild type and mutant cells were compared after heat shock. Results showed significantly decreased cell growth rates and a 40% reduction in oxygen evolution rates in mutants after heat shock treatments. These data indicate a protective role for hsp16.6 in the heat shock response.
The Exonuclease and Host Shutoff Functions of the SOX Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Are Genetically Separable

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) SOX protein, encoded by ORF37, promotes shutoff of host cell gene expression during lytic viral replication by dramatically impairing mRNA accumulation. SOX is the KSHV homolog of the alkaline exonuclease of other herpesviruses, which has been shown to function as a DNase involved in processing and packaging the viral genome. Although the exonuclease activity of these proteins is widely conserved across all herpesviruses, the host shutoff activity observed for KSHV SOX is not. We show here that SOX expression sharply reduces the half-life of target mRNAs. Extensive mutational analysis reveals that the DNase and host shutoff activities of SOX are genetically separable. Lesions affecting the DNase activity cluster in conserved regions of the protein, but residues critical for mRNA degradation are not conserved across the viral family. Additionally, we present evidence suggesting that the two different functions of SOX occur within distinct cellular compartments-DNase activity in the nucleus and host shutoff activity in the cytoplasm.
Global Capital and Labor Internationalism in Comparative Historical Perspective: A Marxist Analysis

Labor internationalism has historically developed in response to the increasing globalization of capital, but economic factors in themselves do not provide a sufficient explanation for the relative success of international solidarity in specific geographical and historical contexts. In the past, movements of international solidarity have tended to coalesce where inclusive class-based mobilizations in individual countries have polarized local class conflicts in ways that suggest a convergence of working-class interests on the international plane. As an emergent strategy of economistic labor organizations in various sectors of the capitalist world economy, however, internationalism may in fact promote the politicization of economic trade union struggles and thus catalyze broader levels of class solidarity and unity on the national and local planes.
W-ACE: a logic language for intelligent Internet programming

The development of the World Wide Web (WWW) has been considerably delayed due to the excessive complexity of developing advanced and intelligent applications for the Internet. An average application may require the use of different languages, an in-depth understanding of various communication protocols and low-level communication mechanisms, etc. We propose a logic programming system, called W-ACE, extended with various features to support natural and efficient development of Internet tools. The nature of the constructs introduced makes it particularly suitable to support intelligent Internet applications (knowledge-based systems, agents, etc.). W-ACE covers various issues in supporting knowledge-based handling of the World Wide Web, allowing structured and constraint-based management of WWW information, passive and active views of WWW, as well as a powerful support for concurrent applications. Various examples of complex intelligent applications are presented, to underline the simplicity and the power of the proposed ideas.
Exploring the role of organic matter accumulation on delta evolution

[1] We explore the role of plant matter accumulation in the sediment column in determining the response of fluvial-deltas to base-level rise and simple subsidence profiles. Making the assumption that delta building processes operate to preserve the geometry of the delta plain, we model organic sedimentation in terms of the plant matter accumulation and accommodation (space made for sediment deposition) rates. A spatial integration of the organic sedimentation, added to the known river sediment input, leads to a model of delta evolution that estimates the fraction of organic sediments preserved in the delta. The model predicts that the maximum organic fraction occurs when the organic matter accumulation rate matches the accommodation rate, a result consistent with field observations. The model also recovers the upper limit for coal accumulation previously reported in the coal literature. Further, when the model is extended to account for differences in plant matter accumulation between fresh and saline environments (i.e., methanogenesis versus sulfate reduction) we show that an abrupt shift in the location of the fresh-salt boundary can amplify the speed of shoreline retreat.
Normalizing violence: from military checkpoints to ‘terminals’ in the occupied territories

This article analyzes the architectural and administrative transformation of some military checkpoints inside the Occupied Territories into ‘terminals.’ The new ‘terminals’ have been presented as replacing the military checkpoints operating as ‘state of exception’ with a ‘normalized’ legal order and ‘modernized’ forms of power. As this article reveals, however, the Israeli authorities’ claim of normalization and modernization is false and misleading. Instead I argue that the reinvention of the ‘terminals’ has not been accompanied by a real transformation of the legal order or the forms of power and is, consequently, only an attempt to circumvent the criticism that the ‘state of exception’ often faces. The ‘terminals’ thus represent a case where the oppression and exclusion that characterize the ‘state of exception’ continue to exist, without having to face the question of legitimacy.
The K-ABC: Theory and Applications for Child Neuropsychological Assessment and Research

The article emphasizes the K-ABC test battery as it applies to the assessment of childhood information processing strategies. The specific areas of discussion are: the K-ABC's theoretical and research foundations as to its construct validity; usefulness in evaluating normal neuropsychological development of young children; and its role in clinical research and neuropsychological evaluation. Theory and research considerations as to adequate construct validity address the works of Sechenov, Vygotsky, Luria, and Das. Development of cognitive processes in normal children and applications of the K-ABC for child neuropsychology are discussed in light of the K-ABC's usefulness.
Changing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients, New York City, 1992-2005.

BACKGROUND Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related morbidity, tuberculosis remains an important disease among HIV-infected individuals. METHODS By use of surveillance data, sociodemographic and clinical changes among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected tuberculosis patients in New York City were evaluated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test and multivariate logistic regression across 3 periods: 1992-1995 (pre-HAART), 1996-2000 (early HAART), and 2001-2005 (late HAART). RESULTS Among tuberculosis patients with known HIV status, 4345 (60%) of 7224 were HIV-infected in pre-HAART, 1943 (33%) of 5933 in early HAART, and 851 (22%) of 3815 in late HAART (P < .001 for trend). During the study period, the age of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients increased, and greater proportions were female, non-Hispanic black, Asian, and foreign born; the proportion that was non-Hispanic white decreased. The proportion that was culture-negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased (from 7% pre-HAART to 21% late HAART; P < .001 for trend; early HAART vs pre-HAART adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-2.04), and the proportion with extrapulmonary disease also increased (from 32% to 46%; P < .001 for trend). The proportion with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis decreased (from 16% to 4%; P < .001 for trend), especially from pre-HAART to early HAART (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.25-0.40). The proportion who died before tuberculosis treatment decreased (from 12% to 7%), and the proportion who died during tuberculosis treatment also decreased (from 29% to 11%) (both, P < .001 for trend). Over time, HIV-infected tuberculosis patients had AIDS longer before the diagnosis of tuberculosis (P < .001 for trend). Similar trends for culture, site of disease, and drug resistance were seen for HIV-uninfected tuberculosis patients. CONCLUSIONS The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics changed substantially among HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in New York City. Awareness of these changes may speed diagnosis of tuberculosis. Future studies should evaluate HAART's effect on tuberculosis presentation among HIV-infected patients.
New Insights into the Specificity and Plasticity of Reward and Aversion Encoding in the Mesolimbic System

The mesocorticolimbic system, consisting, at its core, of the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex, has historically been investigated primarily for its role in positively motivated behaviors and reinforcement learning, and its dysfunction in addiction, schizophrenia, depression, and other mood disorders. Recently, researchers have undertaken a more comprehensive analysis of this system, including its role in not only reward but also punishment, as well as in both positive and negative reinforcement. This focus has been facilitated by new anatomical, physiological, and behavioral approaches to delineate functional circuits underlying behaviors and to determine how this system flexibly encodes and responds to positive and negative states and events, beyond simple associative learning. This review is a summary of topics covered in a mini-symposium at the 2013 Society for Neuroscience annual meeting.
NCAM (CD56)-Positive Malignant Lymphoma

CD56 has been found to identify an isoform of the neural cell adhesion (NCAM). NCAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules; it is related to a variety of leukocyte antigens and to several cell adhesion molecules believed relevant to malignant behavior in a variety of neoplasms. It contains polysialic acid, which appears to regulate binding avidity of NCAM and other cell adhesion processes. We have identified a group of NCAM-positive lymphomas. Compared to a group of NCAM-negative lymphomas, this group exhibited frequent involvement of unusual sites and a generally aggressive course. Another series of CD56-positive hematolymphoid malignancies has recently been described, from Hong Kong; this group also exhibited involvement of unusual sites and displayed a very aggressive course. Together these series suggest that NCAM on lymphoma is of biological and clinical significance in terms of tumor behavior and spread.
Concepts of object-oriented programming (abstract)

This tutorial defines and teaches the basic concepts of environment, and gives an overview of the features of object-oriented programming, illustrates the object-oriented languages and environments. This advantages of object-oriented techniques over tutorial will let you make an informed decision conventional programming, introduces the about what language/environment will best serve components of an object-oriented programming your programming needs.
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation in Gait Training for Parkinson's Disease Patients

Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) was used as a pacemaker during a 3-week home-based gaittraining program for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (n = 15). Electromyogram (EMG) patterns and stride parameters were assessed before and after the test without RAS to evaluate changes in gait patterns. Data were compared with those of two control groups (n = 11), who either did not participate in any gait training or who participated in an internally self-paced training program. RAS consisted of audiotapes with metronome-pulse patterns embedded into the on/off beat structure of rhythmically accentuated instrumental music. Patients who trained with RAS significantly (p < 0.05) improved their gait velocity by 25%, stride length by 12%, and step cadence by 10% more than self-paced subjects who improved their velocity decreased by 7% and no-training subjects whose velocity decreased by 7%. In the RAS-group, timing of EMG patterns changed significantly (p < 0.05) in the anterior tibialis and vastus lateralis muscles. Evidence for rhythmic entrainment of gait patterns was shown by the ability of the RAS group to reproduce the speed of the last training tape within a 2% margin of error without RAS.
Some issues of representation in a general problem solver

The research reported here is an investigation into the development of a computer program with general problem solving capabilities. This investigation involved the construction of one such computer program called the General Problem Solver (GPS, although more properly GPS-2-6) which was accomplished by modifying an existing program conceived in 1957 by A. Newell, J. C. Shaw, and H. A. Simon.
Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm With Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Evaluation With Doppler, Real-Time 3-Dimensional and Contrast Echocardiography

A 78-year-old man presented with new exertional dyspnea. Physical examination demonstrated a parasternal thrill that was associated with a systolic murmur, and mild edema of the lower extremities. Transthoracic 2-dimensional and real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a 5.3×4.5-cm aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva (Figures 1 and 2⇓ and Movie I). There was moderate to severe aortic regurgitation. The aneurysm protruded into the right ventricular outflow tract, and color Doppler showed turbulent flow around the aneurysm with a peak systolic pressure gradient of 49 mm Hg (Figure 3 and Movie II). Imaging after intravenous injection of perflutren ultrasound contrast agent demonstrated the partition of the right ventricle by the aneurysm (Figure 4 and Movie III). When injected into a peripheral vein, the contrast …
On Global Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in Column Ozone

Although the phenomenon of equatorial QBO is reasonably well understood, the problem of how the equatorially confined QBO forcing can induce a signal in the extratropics of comparable or even larger amplitudes remains unsolved. Observational and modeling studies are performed here on the global pattern of QBO in column ozone, a tracer in the lower stratosphere. Based on these results we argue that, while subtropical ozone is related to the equatorial QBO, extratropical ozone QBO apparently is not a result of transport of the tropical ozone anomaly. The phenomenon of extratropical QBO in column ozone is instead an integral part of, and is consistent with, the dynamical QBO in Eliassen-Palm flux divergences, zonal mean jet strengths and zonal mean temperatures. They are all likely caused by the greater tendency of extratropical planetary waves in the lower stratosphere to break during the easterly phase of the equatorial zonal wind QBO than during the westerly phase. Our model result shows that, in contrast to previous 2-D model results, extratropical QBO in ozone cannot be produced without a QBO anomaly in the extratropical transporting circulation.
Parenting and the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder

We propose a developmental psychopathology model for the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). We base the model on the conceptual similarity between domains of dysfunction in BPD (attachment, self-development, and self-regulation) and early stage-salient issues in childhood (in infancy, toddlerhood, and the preschool period respectively and re-worked in adolescence). Parents’ temperament, representations of their own childhood, the environmental context, the child's temperament, experience of trauma, and representations of his or her experience, may interact, to make it more or less likely that the child will succeed or fail to negotiate these stage-salient issues. Failure at these successive developmental tasks may make the development of BPD more likely in adolescence or early adulthood. We provide theoretical and empirical support for the model, and propose directions for future research and implications for preventive interventions.
Measuring Forgiveness in Health-Related Contexts

In this chapter, we review forgiveness measures for use within healthcare settings. Because forgiveness is multidimensional, and individuals can perceive various offenders, we differentiate between forgiveness of self, others, and the Sacred. First, we adopt a stress-and-coping framework to explore the association between forgiveness and health. Next, we examine forgiveness measures across the three domains (self, others, the Sacred) and their relation to health and healthcare settings. Finally, we recommend screening questions about pain related to blame of self, others, or the Sacred and whether the patient wishes to address this in their care. If so, we suggest state-scales that assess forgiveness of self (e.g., Wohl and Thompson, Br J Soc Psychol 50:354–364, 2011, plus questions of responsibility and reparative behavior per Fisher and Exline, Self Identity 5:127–146, 2006), another person (e.g., TRIM-18; McCullough et al, J Consult Clin Psychol 74:887–897, 2006), and the Sacred (e.g., Attitude Toward God Scale; Wood et al, Psychol Relig Spiritual 2:148–167, 2010). These state assessments can be re-administered to assess treatment.
The Effect of Other d Amino Acids on the Utilization of the Isomers of Methionine and its Hydroxy Analogue

Abstract INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTS have been conducted with chicks to determine the effects of methionine in purified amino acids diets when supplemented at different levels. Marrett et al. (1964) observed that the d -and l -isomers were equally utilized, when the rest of the diet was comprised of amino acids in their l -form. This was also found to be true in rats by Wretlind and Rose (1950). The hydroxy analogue of methionine (MA) has also been used as a substitute for methionine in practical and semi-purified diets (Bird, 1952; Gordon et al., 1954) containing about 20 percent protein. Sullivan and Bird (1957) reported that the use of dietary urea or diammonium citrate in a 12 percent protein diet improved chick growth over the addition of MA alone. The chicks also appeared to be able to utilize these compounds more readily in the MA supplemented diets than in dl -methionine supplemented diets. Comparisons by Gordon and…
Selected Effects of Salesperson Sex and Attractiveness in Direct Mail Advertisements

This study assesses whether sex and attractiveness of a sales representative used in a direct mail advertisement or the sex of the receiver of that advertisement influences the receiver's decision ...
Improving the Enrichment and Plating Methods for Rapid Detection of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Compost.

ABSTRACT A culture method to detect non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was optimized in this study. The finished dairy compost with 30% moisture content was inoculated with a cocktail of six non-O157 STEC serovars at initial concentrations of 1 to 100 CFU/g. Afterward, non-O157 STEC cells in the inoculated dairy compost were enriched by four methods, followed by plating onto cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with 5 mg/liter novobiocin (CTN-SMAC) and modified Rainbow agar containing 5 mg/liter novobiocin, 0.05 mg/liter cefixime trihydrate, and 0.15 mg/liter potassium tellurite (mRBA). Immunomagnetic bead separation (IMS) was used to compare the cell concentration of individual non-O157 STEC serotypes after enrichment. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between CTN-SMAC and mRBA for non-O157 STEC enumeration. The single-step selective enrichment recovered ca. 0.54 log CFU/g more cells (ca. 0.41 log CFU/g for compost-adapted cells) (P < 0.05) compared wit...
Effect of Low Oxygen Atmospheres on Mortality of Red and Confused Flour Beetles

Exposure to a generated low O2 atmosphere required to kill 50 and 95% of developing confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin DuVal, and red flour beetle, T. castaneum (Herbst), indicated that young larvae and adult stages were the most susceptible; pupae and eggs midway through development were the most tolerant. At 27°C, times of exposure for 95% mortality of the most tolerant ages of pupae were ca. 53 h for 3-day-old pupae of T. confusum and 46 h for 2-day-old pupae of T. castaneum . At 18°C, significantly longer exposures were required to kill developing stages, particularly 3 day old eggs of T. confusum (LT95 132 h) and 2 day old pupae of T. castaneum (LT95 113 h).
House Fly ( Musca domestica ) Control in Broiler-Breeder Poultry Houses by Pupal Parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): Indigenous Parasite Species and Releases of Muscidifurax raptor

Seven species of house fly pupal parasites, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, S. endius Walker, S. nigroaenea Curtis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), S, drosophilae Ashmead, and S. nigra Latreille, were recovered from fly pupae exposed in broiler-breeder poultry houses. S. cameroni and M. raptor ranked first and second, respectively, in overall relative abundance and together both species accounted for 91% of all parasites collected. Weekly sustained releases of an indigenous strain of M. raptor resulted in a significantly higher rate of house fly parasitism, concurrent with a significant reduction in the house fly population at the release farm in comparison to farms without parasite releases.
Level of Anti-HBs Among Children Aged Between 1 and 15 Years in Zhuzhou

Objective To investigate the level of anti-HBs in children aged between 1 and 5 years,and to evaluate the effect of HBV vaccine in these children. Methods With the simple random sampling method,228 children aged 1～15 years were selected to survey their histories of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation.Their venous blood samples were collected to test anti-HBs antibodies.The correlation between the histories of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation and the average antibody titer,the anti-HBs positive rate in different age-groups was analyzed. Results Among the 288 children,the prevalence rate of HBsAb was 74.31%.The anti-HBs positive rate of children with histories of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation was significantly higher than that of children without the histories(P0.01).There were statistically significant differences in the anti-HBs positive rate between the 1～ age group and the 6～15 age group(P0.05),but no statistically significant difference was found in the average antibody titer between the two groups(P0.05).The full course vaccination rate of children aged between 1 and 15 years was 87.15%,the rates of the 1～ age group and the 6～15 age group were 87.22% and 87.04%,respectively. Conclusions The full course vaccination rate and the level of anti-HBs of children aged between 1 and 15 years in Zhuzhou are both high.But it is still necessary to further improve hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and the timely first dose injection rate,as well as to explore the suitable immune strategies for the low/non-response population so as to improve the immunity level of the population.