cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Germline Mutations in HOXB13 and Prostate-Cancer Risk

Background Family history is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer, although the molecular basis for this association is poorly understood. Linkage studies have implicated chromosome 17q21-22 as a possible location of a prostate-cancer susceptibility gene. Methods We screened more than 200 genes in the 17q21-22 region by sequencing germline DNA from 94 unrelated patients with prostate cancer from families selected for linkage to the candidate region. We tested family members, additional case subjects, and control subjects to characterize the frequency of the identified mutations. Results Probands from four families were discovered to have a rare but recurrent mutation (G84E) in HOXB13 (rs138213197), a homeobox transcription factor gene that is important in prostate development. All 18 men with prostate cancer and available DNA in these four families carried the mutation. The carrier rate of the G84E mutation was increased by a factor of approximately 20 in 5083 unrelated subjects of European desce...
Lower Extremity Landing Biomechanics in Both Sexes After a Functional Exercise Protocol

Context: Sex differences in landing biomechanics play a role in increased rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes. Exercising to various states of fatigue may negativ...
Linear, cyclic and branched Lennard-Jones chain quartic equation of state templates for associating fluid model development

Abstract Two new cubic equations of state (EOS's) for the pure Lennard-Jones (LJ) monomer fluid are constructed using molecular simulation data for compressibility factor Z versus packing fraction η isotherms. Simulation data for the LJ monomer and dimer pair correlation function at contact value derivatives are fit to extended (quartic) forms of these EOS's and used within the framework of Wertheim's first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT1) for both the monomer and dimer reference fluid to obtain ten new quartic in molar volume EOS's for straight, cyclic and branched LJ chain fluid isotherms. Predicted Z vs. η for the new equations is compared to simulation data and predictions from much more complex published models. Results show that these simpler equations are much easier to use, with minimal loss in accuracy. Finally, the LJ framework for individual cyclic chains is used in the Marshall–Chapman methodology for branched chains to derive two new LJ TPT1-D platforms and four new equations of state for “branched and fused rings”. The models presented in this paper serve as a foundation for the development of molecularly-based EOS's for real fluids with “soft” intermolecular and intramolecular potentials.
Polling on Public Policy A Case Study in Engaging Youth Voters in the Public Opinion Process for Effective Civic Discourse

This report details the steps involved in setting up a polling club as part of related classes in political communication, public policy, and civic engagement among college students. It also examines an extracurricular activity that provides students with the opportunity to assess public opinion on policy matters at the local, state, and national levels. Insights as well as challenges from professors and students involved in such pertinent themes as web analytics, aggregate polling, and the internal and external constraints and biases inherent in such a project will be explored, as well as the need to focus on an integrated strategic communication perspective that bridges the frequent silos of marketing, advertising, public relations, journalism, and political communication.
Role of vasoactive substances in active hyperemia in skeletal muscle (38520).

SummaryA prolonged, 2-hr period of exercise hyperemia in the canine gracilis muscle was associated with initial increases in the arteriovenous differences for potassium, hydrogen and osmolality. However, that for hydrogen decreased and those for potassium and osmolality became negligible by the 120th min while blood flow remained elevated. Thus, potassium and osmolality do not appear to participate importantly in the maintenance of exercise hyperemia in canine gracilis muscle.A bioassay muscle did not respond with comparable dilation when submaximal, graded levels of exercise hyperemia were induced in an upstream, donor muscle but did respond more comparably in terms of magnitude and time course when the exercise was more severe. Thus, stable vasoactive substances may not entirely account for exercise hyperemia and the study fails to provide evidence that the capillary acts as a significant barrier to the vasoactive substances.The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. R.S. Underwood.
Study on scavenging activities for superoxide anion radicals (O_2~(?)) and structure-activity relationship of polyphe-nolic compounds from leaves of Crataegus

OBJECTIVE To study the scavenging activities of the polyphenolic compounds for superoxide anion (O2(?)) radicals from the leaves of Crataegus L. and to analyze the structure-activity relationship of the compounds.METHODS The polyphenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Their antioxidant activities were compared by scavenging the superoxide anion (O2(?)) radicals generated by the Pyrogallic acid 3-Amino-phthalhydrazid (Luminol)-Na2CO3/NaH-CO3 buffer (pH 10.2) system. RESULTS Twelve polyphenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves of the two species. They were vitexin (Ⅰ), 2″-O-rhamnosylvitexin(Ⅱ), rutin (Ⅲ), hyperoside (Ⅳ), 3-O-β-D-glucosylquercetin (Ⅴ), 4(?)-O-acetyl-2″-O-rhamnosylvitexin (Ⅵ), quercetin (Ⅶ), 4″-O-glucosylvitexin (Ⅷ), 4(?)-O-rhamnosylrutin (Ⅸ), 6″-O-acetyl-vitexin(Ⅹ), chlorogenic acid (Ⅺ) and caffe-ic acid (XII) . The superoxide anion scavenging activities of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ, Ⅷ,Ⅹ were equivalent to that of ascorbic acid. Among the 12 polyphenolic compounds, the scavenging activity of others were stronger than that of ascorbic acid.The concentration-effect relationships were all logarithmic(y=alogx + b)over the range of 10% -90% of the scavenging activities. Their scavenging activities for superoxide anion were decided by their structures. CONCLUSION The polyphenolic compounds from the leaves of Crataegus L. possess strong scavenging activities for super-oxide anion(O2(?)), and are the main antioxidants in the leaves of Crataegus L.
Emission Standards,Current Situation and Reduction Technology of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants

The high requirements of indexes in Emission Standards of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants(GB 13223-2011),which was issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection of China recently,raise public concern and are attached great importance.By comparison of the old and new national standards,this paper analyzes the current emission and control situation of air pollutants in thermal power plants in Zhejiang province and proposes the control measures and emission reduction technology of the major air pollutants such as smoke and dust,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen oxide and mercury.
Spiritual well-being and spiritual distress predict adjustment in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

Objective Spirituality is related to many aspects of cancer survivors' physical and psychological adjustment. Given their unique developmental issues, spiritual issues may be especially important to adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors, yet little research has been conducted on spirituality with AYA survivors. The present study examines how two aspects of spirituality, spiritual well-being (comprising faith and meaning/peace), and spiritual struggle relate to later post-cancer adjustment. Methods At Time 1 (T1), 120 AYA survivors completed questionnaires on spirituality and adjustment (fear of recurrence, post-traumatic stress symptoms, perceived post-traumatic growth, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life). Eighty-three of these participants also completed these questionnaires at Time 2 (T2), one year later. Results Our sample reported fairly low spiritual well-being (meaning/peace, faith) and spiritual struggle. As expected, T1 spiritual well-being was positively correlated with some aspects of psychological adjustment at T2, whereas T1 spiritual struggle was inversely correlated with T2 psychological adjustment. Both dimensions of T1 spiritual well-being, but not struggle, were positively associated with perceived T2 posttraumatic growth. In general, T1 spiritual well-being and struggle correlated with T2 psychological adjustment even when demographics and cancer-related variables were controlled. Conclusions These results suggest that while spirituality is not important to all AYA survivors, both spiritual well-being and struggle have important associations with adjustment and may warrant clinical attention. Future research is needed to more fully understand the role of spirituality in AYA survivors' adjustment in more depth. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reported incidence of pica among migrant families.

Pica has been reported most frequently as characteristically occurring in this country among Negroes. In this study of migrant agri cultural workers in California, the authors found that analogous practices—although sometimes with different non-food substances —are followed by Mexican migrants and also to some extent by those of “Anglo” ancestry.
Serverless computation with openLambda

We present OpenLambda, a new, open-source platform for building next-generation web services and applications in the burgeoningmodel of serverless computation. We describe the key aspects of serverless computation, and present numerous research challenges that must be addressed in the design and implementation of such systems. We also include a brief study of current web applications, so as to better motivate some aspects of serverless application construction.
Interaction of Co-Expressed μ- and δ-Opioid Receptors in Transfected Rat Pituitary GH3 Cells

μ- and δ-Opioid agonists interact in a synergistic manner to produce analgesia in several animal models. Additionally, receptor binding studies using membranes derived from brain tissue indicate that interactions between μ- and δ-opioid receptors might be responsible for the observation of multiple opioid receptor subtypes. To examine potential interactions between μ- and δ-opioid receptors, we examined receptor binding and functional characteristics of μ-, δ-, or both μ- and δ-opioid receptors stably transfected in rat pituitary GH3 cells (GH3MOR, GH3DOR, and GH3MORDOR, respectively). Saturation and competition binding experiments revealed that coexpression of μ- and δ-opioid receptors resulted in the appearance of multiple affinity states for μ- but not δ-opioid receptors. Additionally, coadministration of selective μ- and δ-opioid agonists in GH3MORDOR cells resulted in a synergistic competition with [3H][d-Pen2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE) for δ-opioid receptors. Finally, when equally effective concentrations of [d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) and two different δ-opioid agonists (DPDPE or 2-methyl-4aα-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,12,12aα-octahydroquinolino-[2,3,3-g]-isoquinoline; TAN67) were coadministered in GH3MORDOR cells, a synergistic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity was observed. These results strongly suggest that cotransfection of μ- and δ-opioid receptors alters the binding and functional characteristics of the receptors. Therefore, we propose that the simultaneous exposure of GH3MORDOR cells to selective μ- and δ-opioid agonists produces an interaction between receptors resulting in enhanced receptor binding. This effect is translated into an augmented ability of these agonists to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. Similar interactions occurring in neurons that express both μ- and δ-opioid receptors could explain observations of multiple opioid receptor subtypes in receptor binding studies and the synergistic interaction of μ- and δ-opioids in analgesic assays.
Cromolyn: past, present, and future.

Cromolyn is currently being reexamined in light of new evidence that suggests that, in addition to its previously known pharmacologic properties, it may also act to decrease airway responsiveness in asthmatics. Some clinicians believe that cromolyn works best in patients with mild to moderate asthma and recommend its use as a first-line drug as an alternative to theophylline. While the principal use of cromolyn is as a prophylactic agent in an asthma treatment program, the drug has been reported to be efficacious in allergic rhinits, vernal conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal allergy.
2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of the difluoromethyl radical

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy has provided new insights into the structure of chlorine-substituted1,2 and fluorine-substituted3 methyl radicals. In this paper we report the observation of the first electronic spectra of the difluoromethyl radicals CHF2 and CDP2.
Surgical management and outcomes of type A dissection-the Mayo Clinic experience.

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a complex cardiovascular disease that is associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality. The most effective approach is still being debated—such as the best cannulation technique, and conservative versus extensive initial surgery. We reviewed our experience over the last 20 years and examined for variables that correlated with observed outcomes. Methods: All patients who underwent TAAD repair were reviewed. Chi-Square tests, Fisher Exact tests and Wilcoxon tests were performed where appropriate. Survival and freedom from reoperations were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. Results: Acute TAAD was associated with a higher incidence of permanent stroke (P=0.010), renal failure (P=0.025), prolonged mechanical ventilator support (P=0.004), higher operative mortality (P=0.039) and higher 30-day mortality (P=0.003) compared to chronic TAAD. There was a trend towards higher risk for transient neurologic events among patients who were reoperated on (P=0.057). Extensive proximal repair led to longer perfusion and cross clamp times (P<0.001) and the need for temporary mechanical support post-operatively (P=0.011). More patients that had extensive distal repair underwent circulatory arrest (P=0.009) with no significant differences in the incidence of peri-operative complications, early, middle and long-term survival compared to the conservative management group. Overall survival in our series was 66.73% and 46.30% at 5 and 10 years respectively (median survival time: 9.38 years). There was a significant improvement in operative mortality (P=0.002) and 30-day mortality (P=0.033) in the second decade of our study. Discussion: TAAD is a complex disease with several options for its surgical management. Each technique has its own advantages and complications and surgical management should be individualized depending on the clinical presentation. We propose our present approach to maximize benefits in both the short and long term.
When should fractional flow reserve be performed to assess the significance of borderline coronary artery lesions: Derivation of a simplified scoring system.

Abstract Objectives To derive a simplified scoring system (SSS) that can assist in selecting patients who would benefit from the application of fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background Angiographers base decisions to perform FFR on their interpretation of % diameter stenosis (DS), which is subject to variability. Recent studies have shown that the amount of myocardium at jeopardy is an important factor in determining the degree of hemodynamic compromise. Methods We conducted a retrospective multivariable analysis to identify independent predictors of hemodynamic compromise in 289 patients with 317 coronary vessels undergoing FFR. A SSS was derived using the odds ratios as a weighted factor. The receiver operator characteristics curve was used to identify the optimal cutoff (≥3) to discern a functionally significant lesion (FFR≤0.8). Results Male gender, left anterior descending artery apical wrap, disease proximal to lesion, minimal lumen diameter and % DS predicted abnormal FFR (≤0.8) and lesion location in the left circumflex predicted a normal FFR. Using a cutoff score of ≥3 on the SSS, a specificity of 90.4% (95% CI: 83.0–95.3) and a sensitivity of 38.0% (95% CI: 31.5–44.9) was generated with a positive predictive value of 89.0% (95% CI: 80.7%–94.6%) and negative predictive value of 41.6% (95% CI: 35.1%–48.3%). Conclusions The decision to use FFR should be based not only on the % DS but also the size of the myocardial mass jeopardized. A score of ≥3 on the SSS should prompt further investigation with a pressure wire.
CueSee: exploring visual cues for people with low vision to facilitate a visual search task

Visual search is a major challenge for low vision people. Conventional vision enhancements like magnification help low vision people see more details, but cannot indicate the location of a target in a visual search task. In this paper, we explore visual cues---a new approach to facilitate visual search tasks for low vision people. We focus on product search and present CueSee, an augmented reality application on a head-mounted display (HMD) that facilitates product search by recognizing the product automatically and using visual cues to direct the user's attention to the product. We designed five visual cues that users can combine to suit their visual condition. We evaluated the visual cues with 12 low vision participants and found that participants preferred using our cues to conventional enhancements for product search. We also found that CueSee outperformed participants' best-corrected vision in both time and accuracy.
The Expressionist Cabaret GNU (1911–1914): An Analysis and Documentation

Very little has been known to date about the Expressionist literary cabaret GNU. This article documents its history (Autumn 1911-Spring 1914) and analyzes its significance for the personal development of its founder, Kurt Hiller, during the transition period between his involvement in early (literary) Expressionism and late (political) Expressionism.
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma masquerading as osteomyelitis of the shoulder: an uncommon presentation.

The presentation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in bone is rare. We describe a patient with ALK-negative ALCL presenting with clinical and radiographic findings suggesting osteomyelitis 6 months after left rotator cuff repair surgery. A review of the characteristics of ALK-negative ALCL with primary bone involvement is presented. ALCL should be considered in patients not responding to therapies for osteomyelitis.
Vector ARMA Time Series Models and Forecasting

In this chapter, the vector autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models that were introduced in Section 1.2.2 are examined, and the stationarity and invertibility aspects of vector ARMA processes are considered. The covariance matrix structure of vector ARMA processes is considered, in general as well as for special cases such as first-order MA, AR, and ARMA models. In addition, consideration of parameter identifiability of mixed ARMA model representations is given. Nonstationary ARMA processes are also considered, and the concept of cointegration among the component series of a nonstationary process is introduced. Forecasting of vector ARMA models, including computation of forecasts and mean squared error matrix of the forecast errors, is presented.
Multiple Owners, Multiple Perspectives: Individual Differences in Interorganizational Network Visibility

This paper explores relationships between organizations through the lens of the people in organizations who manage them. Interorganizational ties are often “owned” by individuals. Although at times interorganizational tie are owned by a single person, like account executives in advertising, partners in law or venture capital firms, or rainmakers in consulting or lobbying, this study focuses instead on interorganizational ties owned jointly by multiple people. When there are multiple owners of the same interorganizational tie, some owners may perceive the tie as very valuable while other owners perceive the tie as minimally valuable, a situation that in turn could create conflict or impair strategic action. What explains why people differently perceive the value of an interorganizational tie they jointly own? I theorize differences arise in part because of variation in owners’ external network visibility. Attributes of an interorganizational tie or the interorganizational network more broadly are not equally known to people inside organizations. When owners of the same interorganizational tie each observe different extra-organizational network information, they have different perceptions about a tie they jointly own. I find empirical evidence to support this relationship using cross-level network data collected about primary school ties to external organizations that are owned by principals, teachers, and staff.
Solid phase synthesis of heterocyclic combinatorial libraries derived from peptides

We have found that the general method described is useful for calculating isokinetic ratios for relatively equimolar incorporation of a variety of reagents. We have calculated the ratios for over 40 benzaldehydes for the reductive alkylation of amines. In addition, we regularly use isokinetic ratios for the acylation of amines using more than 80 Boc amino acids, 60 Fmoc amino acids, and 70 carboxylic acids.
A Systematic Social Observation Study of Police De-Escalation Tactics:

This study analyzes 131 police–citizen interactions observed during Fall 2016 and coded through systematic social observation. We assessed how often officers use de-escalation tactics, factors associated with their use, and the relationship between de-escalation and calm citizen demeanor. We found officers frequently employed de-escalation tactics, including the “respect” tactic of treating citizens in a respectful manner, the “human” tactic of getting on the citizen’s level and reducing power imbalances, and the “honest” tactic of being up front about the facts of the situation. Officers were more influenced by citizen demeanor than demographics in their use of de-escalation. The use of several tactics, including “human” (reducing the power differential between the cop and the citizen) and “calm” (the officer making an effort to control his or her own emotions), was associated with calm citizen demeanor. Directions for future research on this important topic are offered.
PATHOGENESIS OF INTRAUTERINE INFECTIONS OF THE BRAIN

Among the most devastating consequences of intrauterine infection for the developing fetus are those that involve the central nervous system (CNS). These infections may produce severe neurological disease and death. In addition, although the great majority of human CNS anomalies are without recognized etiology or are simply attributed to “defects of embryogenesis,” there is a growing appreciation that microorganisms, and particularly viruses, have the potential of producing these defects as sequelae to intrauterine infections. This has stimulated efforts to understand their pathogenesis and to discover additional virus-host relationships existing within this significant group of diseases.
The Pie-Crusting Technique for Capsular Management During Hip Arthroscopy.

Abstract Hip arthroscopy is commonly performed for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement and labral pathology. When arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement is performed, a capsulotomy is often utilized to maximize access and allow for improved visualization. When an extended interportal or T capsulotomy is performed, the iliofemoral ligament is transected, which can lead to micro or gross instability. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe an alternative approach to the standard T capsulotomy using a pie crusting technique, which provides improved visualization of the femoral head–neck junction during the femoroplasty without the need for an extended capsulotomy and can also serve to create venting holes that prevent hematoma formation within the capsule.
Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Helplessness Following Myocardial Infarctions

Numerous factors impact patient recovery following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Negative emotional outcomes, such as learned helplessness, are predictors of mortality following AMI, though little is known about these relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between social support and self-efficacy with learned helplessness in individuals post-AMI. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, subjects with a diagnosed AMI within 12 months were recruited. Standardized instruments were used to evaluate social support and self-efficacy and their impact on learned helplessness. A statistically significant, direct relationship was found between social support and self-efficacy, and learned helplessness, suggesting that individuals with better social support and self-efficacy experience less learned helplessness within the first year following an AMI. In developing post-AMI treatment plans, health care staff need to consider encouraging a patient's supportive social network and self-efficacy as meaningful interventions against negative emotional outcomes.
Structured Monte Carlo Sampling for Nonisotropic Distributions via Determinantal Point Processes.

We propose a new class of structured methods for Monte Carlo (MC) sampling, called DPPMC, designed for high-dimensional nonisotropic distributions where samples are correlated to reduce the variance of the estimator via determinantal point processes. We successfully apply DPPMCs to problems involving nonisotropic distributions arising in guided evolution strategy (GES) methods for RL, CMA-ES techniques and trust region algorithms for blackbox optimization, improving state-of-the-art in all these settings. In particular, we show that DPPMCs drastically improve exploration profiles of the existing evolution strategy algorithms. We further confirm our results, analyzing random feature map estimators for Gaussian mixture kernels. We provide theoretical justification of our empirical results, showing a connection between DPPMCs and structured orthogonal MC methods for isotropic distributions.
Two cases of non-syndromic congenital unilateral breast hypoplasia in one family

Micromastia or breast hypoplasia is described as underdevelopment of a woman's mammary tissue. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with unilateral micromastia, with familial predisposition. Ultrasound, hormonal, dysmorphic, cardiologic, genetic examinations and testing were performed. No mutation in the whole- exome sequencing was found, nor novel mutation. Some of these cases have been reported to be related to breÐ°st cancer so further follow-up is mandatory. Therapy consists of surgical reconstruction of the affected breast. This is a rare condition and it requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Headache Attributed to Paracranial Inflammatory Disorders

A case of a young woman with intractable temporal headaches is presented. Symptoms and signs suggest temporomandibular dysfunction but other aspects of her presentation are confounding. Classification and diagnostic approaches to TMD are discussed, as well as management of the common causes of TMD-related headaches.
A Flexible Univariate Autoregressive Time‐Series Model for Dispersed Count Data

Integer‐valued time series data have an ever‐increasing presence in various applications (e.g., the number of purchases made in response to a marketing strategy, or the number of employees at a business) and need to be analyzed properly. While a Poisson autoregressive (PAR) model would seem like a natural choice to model such data, it is constrained by the equi‐dispersion assumption (i.e., that the variance and the mean equal). Hence, data that are over‐ or under‐dispersed (i.e., have the variance greater or less than the mean respectively) are improperly modeled, resulting in biased estimates and inaccurate forecasts. This work instead develops a flexible integer‐valued autoregressive model for count data that contain over‐ or under‐dispersion. Using the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (CMP) distribution and related distributions as motivation, we develop a first‐order sum‐of‐CMP's autoregressive (SCMPAR(1)) model that will instead offer a generalizable construct that captures the PAR, and versions of what we refer to as a negative binomial AR model, and binomial AR model respectively as special cases, and serve as an overarching representation connecting these three special cases through the dispersion parameter. We illustrate the SCMPAR model's flexibility and ability to effectively model count time series data containing data dispersion through simulated and real data examples.
Adjoint-Based Structural Optimization for Beam-Like Structures Subjected to Dynamic Loads

Dynamic loads are often the critical drivers in the structural sizing of aircraft components. Reducing the aircraft to a set of beams connected to one-another, called the stick model, is a common practice in the prediction of dynamic loads. For a large number of design variables, gradient-based methods are commonly used in structural optimization. This paper presents an approach to obtain the gradients using the adjoint method for beams subjected to dynamic loads. In order to reduce the number of structural constraints, constraint aggregation in both space and time is employed. The method is demonstrated to optimize a non-prismatic cantilever beam subjected to dynamic tip load.
A Rebuttal to 'Delegation at the Founding'

In their recent article “Delegation at the Founding,” Julian Mortenson and Nicholas Bagley take aim at modern originalists who argue on historical grounds for reviving the long-dormant Nondelegation Doctrine—the constitutional principle that Congress may not delegate authority so broad as to be “legislative” in nature. Mortenson and Bagley reject such originalist arguments, asserting that, in fact, the Nondelegation Doctrine has no basis in the Constitution as originally understood. On the contrary, the two authors claim, “the Constitution at the Founding contained no ... prohibition on delegations of legislative power” so long as “the legislature [did] not irrevocably transfer ... its ultimate authority,” and that any “rulemaking pursuant to statutory authorization,” no matter how broad the authorization, “was an exercise of executive Power.” As one of the less illustrious targets of Mortenson and Bagley’s critique (and of several other recent articles taking similar positions), I beg to differ on both points. In a prior article, Nondelegation, 12 NYU J.L. & Liberty 718 (2019), I argued that, as a matter of original meaning, the Nondelegation Doctrine has a firm constitutional foundation; congressional “grants of rulemaking power … very often constitute delegations of legislative authority, and such delegations violate the Constitution.” Despite one hundred ten pages of their best efforts, Mortenson and Bagley fail to call these conclusions into doubt; if anything, their recent paper should leave readers even more convinced of the Nondelegation Doctrine’s constitutional bona fides. Here, I explain why—and in the process, respond to other recent scholarship that has similarly questioned the historical case for nondelegation.
Stay at Home to Stay Safe: Effectiveness of Stay-at-Home Orders in Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic

Despite the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of the stay-at-home order implemented in many states. While proponents believe that the order helps reduce person-to-person contacts and therefore the spread of the pandemic, opponents argue that the order is unnecessary and hurts the economy. In this study, we use eight states that did not implement the order as a control group and six neighbor states that implemented the order as a treatment group to estimate the effect of the stay-at-home order. We find that, though residents in both groups have already voluntarily stayed at home, the order reduces the number of new COVID-19 cases by 7.6%. To understand the mechanisms behind these results, we compare the mobility of residents in the control and treatment groups over time. We find that the stay-at-home order significantly increases residence mobility (i.e., movement at home) and reduces the mobility at transit station, work place, retail and recreation. The results of this study are useful to policy makers as they conduct cost-benefit analyses of back-to-work plans vs. stay-at-home policies and decide whether to implement, extend, or lift a stay-at-home order amid a pandemic such as COVID-19. Our results are also useful to researchers as we highlight the importance of correcting for potential selection issues. As we illustrate in this study, ignoring potential selection issues would lead to the wrong conclusion that the stay-at-home order increases the number of new cases.
Transcendence in the Kinanthropology of Manuel Sérgio

This article seeks to analyze the contribution of Portuguese philosopher Manuel Sergio to Religious Studies. The author dedicated his long academic life to the study of sports, but with a peculiar humanistic perspective. Instead of focusing on performance, the author focuses on the Human being who moves. This is what he defines as “Kinanthropology”. Transcendence is a major element in this proposal. In this article, after presenting Sergio’s fundamental anthropological framework and his understanding of “human kinetics”, three of his possible theoretical contributions to Religious Studies are explored: 1. in the way he sees the relation between transcendence and religion; 2. in the way he opens corporeity to transcendence; and 3. in the way he seems to rehabilitate motion as a topic for religious and theological discourse.
Response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness trumps immunogenicity in solid organ transplant recipients"."

We recently reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection breakthrough rate of 0.65% (3/459) among fully vaccinated adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr) at our institution as of May 18,2021(1). The majority of fully vaccinated SOTr consisted of kidney recipients (319/459, 70%), with a minority of liver (85/459, 19%), heart (41/459, 9%), and multi-visceral transplants (11/459, 2%). Sixty-five percent was on a mycophenolate-containing regimen (Table 1) and mycophenolate with tacrolimus and prednisone was the most common regimen (33%). In response to our letter, Mossad(2) pointed out that our findings may not be generalizable to other centers whose SOTr population may be more highly immunosuppressed and/or more vulnerable to respiratory infections such as lung and multi-visceral SOTr. Furthermore, Mossad noted that SOTr with prior undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infection and thus with some level of protection from reinfection might have been included.
Accelerating the development of structural complexity: lidar analysis supports restoration as a tool in coastal Pacific Northwest forests

Abstract A century of land-use changes and intensive plantation-style forestry in the Pacific Northwest have resulted in a substantial deficit of structurally complex late-successional forests, which serve key ecological and social functions. Restoration treatments can theoretically accelerate the development of structural complexity in simplified forest stands, but our understanding of the short-term effects of such treatments on forest structure and gap patterns is still emerging. In this study, we used a bi-temporal airborne lidar dataset to assess short-term (10 years post-treatment) effects of restoration treatments on the structural complexity of forest stands in the Ellsworth Creek Preserve in southwestern Washington. We also compared forest structure and gap patterns between treated stands and existing late-successional areas within the preserve. Restoration treatments in older stands (60- to 80-years old) resulted in a greater increase in the mean and variability of both vertical and horizontal structural complexity and a considerable increase in the density of canopy gaps, indicating accelerated development towards increased structural complexity. Treatments in the younger stands (20- to 30-years old) primarily accelerated the development of vertical canopy complexity. Older treated stands within the preserve will require natural growth in canopy height, increased regeneration density, and filling in and diversification of canopy gaps to reach the structural complexity of late-successional forests in the preserve, but accelerating these developments may require additional restoration-focused treatments. Forest managers in the region should consider restoration treatments as a viable option for improving short-term structural complexity in simplified forest stands. We also encourage long-term management and monitoring plans that continue to address the deficit of late-successional forests in the region.
18 Data Acquisition and Display Systems

Control systems have become increasingly based on standard systems and interfaces; sensors themselves are often based on just smaller versions of the same operating system as large manufacturing systems. This chapter attempts to cover aspects of data acquisition and manipulation that may help the engineer better understand issues and give a foundation for using and even constructing tools. It covers the nature of data and the acquisition and conversion of data to usable units and includes some discussion of useful display techniques. The chapter also covers the coordination, storage,access, and manipulation of data. A discussion of pros and cons of different strategies should help the reader understand the trade-offs in system selection and construction. A recent standard of use in manufacturing is the OPC (OLE for process control) standard, which provides for a standard way of communicating with process equipment. Keywords: data acquisition; data communication; display system; OPC standard; standard systems
The Liver and Intestinal Allocation Policy: Decades of Disparity Calling for Action.

The last three decades witnessed continual evolution of the organ allocation strategy. The Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) primary goals were to promote patient access to transplantation and improve equity among single and multi-organ candidates. Other intended objectives were to optimize donor use and maximize transplant utility. These relentless efforts were commanded by the OPTN 'Final Rule' and directed by different scientific and legislative allied committees (1).
Pharmaceutical sales performance

Purpose – To date, a general self‐efficacy concept has been the standard model for prediction of sales performance, and there has yet to be a published study that combines the three variables: sales performance, self‐efficacy, and sales communication behaviors. It is proposed that a model which takes into account the behaviors of getting, giving, using, and planning, and the self‐efficacy of these behaviors, will be a better predictor of sales performance in sales representatives.Design/methodology/approach – This study used a sampling of 110 pharmaceutical sales representatives to measure general self‐efficacy, specific self‐efficacy, behaviors, and sales performance. With the data, the research tested nine hypotheses.Findings – The self‐efficacy of behaviors such as getting, giving, using, and planning are positively correlated with performance of these behaviors. Increased self‐efficacy of behaviors actually proved to decrease performance of those behaviors, yet the increase in behaviors resulted in in...
Forest‐Management Modelling

Forests are complex and dynamic ecosystems comprising individual trees that can vary in both size and species. In comparison to other organisms, trees are relatively long lived (40-2000 years), quite plastic in terms of their morphology and ecological niche, and adapted to a wide variety of habitats, which can make predicting their behaviour exceedingly difficult. Forests are widely managed for a variety of objectives including biodiversity, wildlife habitat, products, and recreation. Consequently, forest managers need tools that can aid them during the decision-making process. The objective of this chapter is to explore various modelling approaches used for forest management, provide a brief description of some example models, explore the ways that they have been used to aid the decision-making process, and make suggestions for future improvements.
Rhombohedral Polytypes of the Layered Honeycomb Delafossites with Optical Brilliance in the Visible.

Lime-green Cu3Ni2SbO6 (I) and terracotta-orange Cu3Co2SbO6 (II) are prepared via a topotactic reaction of layered α-NaFeO2-like precursors Na3Ni2SbO6 and Na3Co2SbO6 with CuCl (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated quartz tubes, 400 °C, 1 d).
Binge ethanol exposure decreases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus

Alcoholism is associated with cognitive deficits and loss of brain mass. Recent studies have indicated that neural progenitor cells proliferate throughout life forming neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The dentate gyrus is one neurogenic region of the adult brain containing neural progenitor cells. To determine if binge ethanol (EtOH) exposure alters neural progenitor cell proliferation and survival, bromodeoxyuridine was administered to adult male rats following an acute or chronic binge exposure paradigm. For an acute binge, rats were gavaged with a 5 g/kg dose of EtOH or vehicle, administered bromodeoxyuridine, and killed either 5 h or 28 days after EtOH treatment. In a 4-day, chronic-binge paradigm, rats were infused with EtOH three times per day (mean dose 9.3 g/kg/day) or isocaloric control diet. Rats were given bromodeoxyuridine once a day for the 4 days of chronic binge treatment, then perfused either immediately following the last dose of EtOH or 28 days later. In both EtOH treatment groups, binge EtOH decreased neural progenitor cell proliferation. Following the chronic four-day binge, neural progenitor cell survival was decreased. These studies are the first to show EtOH inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation and survival in the adult, a possible new mechanism underlying alcoholic cognitive dysfunction.
Agricultural Transition: Its Implications for Agricultural Economics Extension in the Southeast

David M. Kohl, Leonard A. Shabman,and Herbert H. StoevenerINTRODUCTION extension program, management informationThe current depressed state of the was focused upon the production decisions ofagricultural economy has had a negative effect farm firms, at a time when production agri-on the public funding for agricultural eco- culture was the primary income source for anomics programming at many of the region's large part of the nation's population. Then,land-grant colleges. Especially difficult with the increasing integration of the farmbudget times have confronted those charged production sector into the general economy,with supporting the extension mission. It the extension product was broadened to in-might seem that hard times on the farm would elude agricultural market intelligence and thecall for increased extension program activity operation of national agricultural policy. Atsupport. This has not been the case, and it will the same time, the extension clients came tobe our contention that the budget outlook will include not only the farm managers, but alsonot improve. Rather, we will argue that the associated agribusinesses. Also, at a lowerfuture will not permit a return to "business as level of resource commitment, rural develop-usual extension programming." ment extension grew to provide informationThe paper will be developed in three sec- for community decision makers both withintions. First, a statement of the problem is of- and outside the formal governmental decisionfered. The second part of the paper will ex- process. Attempts to broaden extension clien-pand upon the problem definition, and the tele beyond these groups have been resistedthird part will elaborate upon the implications by public officials who review and approvefor extension. extension budgets and by those who deliverBefore proceeding, a perspective on our ap- extension services. Thus, the focus of exten-proach to the topic is needed. This paper has sion has remained upon the welfare of ruralbeen developed in the manner of a literary communities and, predominantly, upon theessay, seeking to make as persuasive a case as agricultural enterprises in those communities.possible
Splicing Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines: At the Interface of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems

Alternative splicing plays a key role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, allowing a single gene to encode multiple protein isoforms. As such, alternative splicing amplifies the coding capacity of the genome enormously, generates protein diversity, and alters protein function. More than 90% of human genes undergo alternative splicing, and alternative splicing is especially prevalent in the nervous and immune systems, tissues where cells need to react swiftly and adapt to changes in the environment through carefully regulated mechanisms of cell differentiation, migration, targeting, and activation. Given its prevalence and complexity, this highly regulated mode of gene expression is prone to be affected by disease. In the following review, we look at how alternative splicing of signaling molecules—cytokines and their receptors—changes in different pathological conditions, from chronic inflammation to neurologic disorders, providing means of functional interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Switches in alternative splicing patterns can be very dynamic and can produce signaling molecules with distinct or antagonistic functions and localization to different subcellular compartments. This newly discovered link expands our understanding of the biology of immune and neuroendocrine cells, and has the potential to open new windows of opportunity for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.