cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of central sleep apnea in heart failure.

Recent studies show that central sleep apnea occur in about 40% of patients with heart failure and systolic dysfunction. The pathophysiological consequences of central sleep apnea may contribute to morbidity and mortality of heart failure, three treatment modalities, oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure and theophylline have been shown to decrease periodic breathing modestly with considerable improvement in arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation, and variable effects on sleep characteristics. However, long-term effects of central sleep apnea and its treatment on the natural history of heart failure remain to be determined.
Prognostic understanding in acute leukemia: Patient-physician differences.

e22124Background: Acute leukemia poses unique challenges for prognostication. In many cases, cure is possible but unlikely and treatment is risky. Little is known about how patients perceive their ...
Video field production and editing

Video Field Production and Editing concentrates on video techniques and technology appropriate for "small scale" single-camera electronic field production (EFP) and electronic news gathering (ENG). This book offers the latest material on new digital field recording and editing technologies and is written in a concise, non-technical, user-friendly format. Reorganized and updated throughout, with new sections dedicated to HDV (High Definition Video) videotape recording formats, and tapeless digital recording media including high capacity optical discs, solid-state memory cards, and computer hard drives, the book walks the reader through the video production process from initial planning through final editing.
BRCA1 Promoter Methylation Is Linked to Defective Homologous Recombination Repair and Elevated miR-155 to Disrupt Myeloid Differentiation in Myeloid Malignancies

Purpose: Defective homologous recombination (HR) has been reported in multiple myeloid disorders, suggesting a shared dysregulated pathway in these diverse malignancies. Since targeting HR-defective cancers with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition (PARPi) has yielded clinical benefit, improved understanding of HR defects is needed to implement this treatment modality. Experimental Design: We used an ex vivo irradiation-based assay to evaluate HR repair, HR gene promoter methylation and mRNA expression in primary myeloid neoplastic cells. In vitroBRCA1 gene silencing was achieved to determine the consequences on HR repair, sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition and expression of miR-155, an oncogenic miRNA. Results: Impaired HR repair was frequently detected in myeloid neoplasm samples (9/21, 43%), and was linked to promoter methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of BRCA1, which was not observed for other members of the HR pathway (BRCA2, ATM, ATR, FANC-A). In vitroBRCA1 knockdown increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition, and BRCA1 expression is inversely correlated with miR-155 expression, a finding reproduced in vitro with BRCA1 knockdown. Increased miR-155 was associated with PU.1 and SHIP1 repression, known myeloid differentiation factors that are frequently down-regulated during leukemic transformation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates frequent defective HR, associated with BRCA1 epigenetic silencing, in a broad range of myeloid neoplasms. The increased prevalence of BRCA1 promoter methylation, resulting in repressed BRCA1, may have an additional role in leukemogenesis by increasing miR-155 expression, which then inhibits transcription factors associated with normal myeloid differentiation. Further study of HR defects may facilitate the identification of HR defective myeloid neoplasms sensitive to PARPi.
Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Culture, and Library Leadership

This article discusses the importance of emotional intelligence and emotional culture, provides an overview of emotional intelligence and each of its components, explores ways library leaders can develop each emotional intelligence component, and describes ways library leaders can use emotional intelligence to influence a library's emotional culture.
Health Economics: The Hidden Costs of Mental Illness

Psychiatric illness is frequently complicated by challenges to adherence to the treatment plan. The care of patients suffering from mental disorders poses financial challenges for the individual, the family, and the community. However, focusing on direct costs alone is insufficient when considering the total financial burden of mental health disorders. These patients require accommodations in social support, education, housing, criminal justice, and social security systems. Chronic mental illness is frequently complicated by the presence of multiple diagnoses and the fact that these disorders progress and may become more disruptive. This is particularly true when the patient has comorbid physical illness, either as a preexisting condition or as a direct consequence of the psychiatric disorder. The size and scope of the economic impact of mental illness must be better understood in order to adequately allocate resources for patient treatment and support. In the course of treatment, the mental health professional should also consider the patient’s ability to function with autonomy and minimize the non-healthcare impact of the psychiatric disorder.
Clinicopathological response of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis to adenine arabinoside: lack of correlation with DNA polymerase response.

Fifteen patients with HBsAg-positive, severe chronic active heptatitis, nine DNA polymerase (DNAP)-positive and six negative were treated with intravenous adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days during each of two consecutive weeks. Of the DNAP-positive patients, two responded with histological and clinical remission as well as permanent loss of DNAP. However, histological and clinical remission were also observed in patients with unsatisfactory DNAP response and even in DNAP-negative patients. It is suggested that, in addition to its antiviral effect, Ara-A might have another mechanism, such as immunosuppression, that induced histological and clinical remission. Alternatively, the discrepancy of response might relate to the natural course of chronic type B hepatitis. Accordingly, controlled trial is mandatory for assessing the effect of Ara-A or any other agent in the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis.
Role of fibroblast growth factor 23 and klotho cross talk in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia that mainly affects the elderly. Several reports have demonstrated that aging is involved in the under...
A randomized trial to determine if vitamin B6 can prevent hand and foot syndrome in cancer patients treated with capecitabine chemotherapy.

9085 Background: Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine that is used to treat various malignancies. Hand and Foot Syndrome (HFS) is a dose limiting toxicity of capecitabine and can limit the use ...
Giant Planet Effects on Terrestrial Planet Formation and System Architecture

Using an updated collision model, we conduct a suite of high-resolution N-body integrations to probe the relationship between giant planet mass and terrestrial planet formation and system architecture. We vary the mass of the planets that reside at Jupiter's and Saturn's orbit and examine the effects on the interior terrestrial system.We find that massive giant planets are more likely to eject material from the outer edge of the terrestrial disc and produce terrestrial planets that are on smaller, more circular orbits. We do not find a strong correlation between exterior giant planet mass and the number of Earth analogues (analogous in mass and semi-major axis) produced in the system. These results allow us to make predictions on the nature of terrestrial planets orbiting distant Sun-like star systems that harbour giant planet companions on long orbits - systems that will be a priority for NASA's upcoming Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission.
Retinal morphology in Astyanax mexicanus during degeneration

The teleost Astyanax mexicanus is extant in two readily available forms. One that lives in Mexican rivers and various convergent forms that live in nearby caves. These fish are born with eyes but in the cavefish they degenerate during development. It is known that the lens of cavefish undergoes apoptosis and that some cells in the neuroretina also die. It has not been described, however, if glia and various components of the neuroretina form before complete eye degeneration. Here we examined the development of the retina of the closest living ancestor that lives in the rivers and members of two lineages of cavefish. We report that although the neuroretina is smaller and more compact, it has all cell types and layers including amacrine cells and Muller glia. While various makers for photoreceptors are present in the cavefish inner segments, the outer segments of the photoreceptors in cavefish are missing from the earliest stages examined. This shows that the machinery for visual transducing discs might still be present but not organized in one part of the cell. It is interesting to note that the deficiencies in Astyanax cavefish resemble retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa.
The Parent Child Connection

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "The parent and child relationship is a very unique and interesting one. It is also a topic that has been highly researched and written on. It is one that has puzzled many since such a relationship was first established and it has been exemplified time and time again in various religious texts. Why is this relationship so unique and different than others? Why is it one that demands so much attention? Why is it important enough to have religious significance in the Bible, the Quran, the Torah and many other religious texts? The reason is simple, the parent child relationship, whether it be father or son, mother or daughter, is one that is necessary for human sustenance. In other words without an adequate parent child relationship, neither party can hope to live fulfilling lives. This is precisely the reason why this connection is so heavily emphasized in various religious texts and documents (story of the Prodigal son and Abraham and his son). And adequate parent child relationship is thus a template for a more fulfilling human divine relationship. In other words, these two relationships feed off of each other. An ample parent child relationship sets the precedence for a pleasing human divine relationship in the same way that the human divine relationship sets precedence for a gratifying parent child relationship. There are many things to be learned from the investigation of such a correlation; and in turn this analysis can lead to the revealing of many religious and worldly truths. These truths then help one to become more spiritual and strengthen his or her connection with the divine." This parent and child is available in Verbum: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol7/iss1/17
Dual Role of Unitaries

Complexity can be defined for states, but in many ways it is more natural to start with the complexity of operations that you can do to a system. That means the complexity of unitary operators.
The effects of source water masses and internal recycling on concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Gulf of Maine

Abstract It has been historically documented that deep, nutrient-rich, offshore slope waters that enter the Gulf of Maine through the Northeast Channel are the principal source of nutrients to the region. Silicate (Si(OH)4) and nitrate (NO3) in particular are potentially limiting nutrients for phytoplankton production. We examine here the extent to which nutrient variability in the region may be caused by internal recycling of organic material (i.e., chemical breakdown and dissolution of diatoms) versus variability in water mass sources, which can be identified by temperature and salinity properties. We present here the results from a gulf-wide survey conducted in October 2016. Nutrient samples were collected at 44 stations and compared to temperature, salinity, and beam attenuation profiles. Additionally, suspended particulate material in near-bottom waters was collected on filters at all stations and analyzed for biogenic silica. The results show that after being supplied via a slope water source, nitrate is likely to become depleted and silicate is likely to become enriched at any location in the gulf. We suspect that most of the nutrient variability is due to internal recycling, but there is evidence for an input of Scotian Shelf Water to the Jordan Basin region contributing nutrients at mid-depths and mixing with the deeper slope waters.
The Impact of Thoracentesis On Postprocedure Pulse Oximetry.

BACKGROUND Although thoracentesis can offer considerable symptomatic relief to the patient, its physiologic impact on oxygen saturation has not been well established in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thoracentesis on postprocedure pulse oximetry (SpO2) in an inpatient population. METHODS A retrospective study of patients undergoing thoracentesis from January 2012 to November 2017 was performed. Inclusion criteria were age above 18 and thoracentesis performed in an inpatient setting. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, procedure reports, and laboratory values. SpO2 and FiO2 values were collected before and 6 and 24 hours postprocedure. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate for changes in SpO2 and SpO2/FiO2. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, serum hemoglobin, effusion etiology, volume removed, nonexpandable lung physiology and procedural complications and FiO2. RESULTS A total of 502 patients were included. The mean (SD) age was 60 (14) years, and 53.4% of the patients were male. The most common cause of pleural effusion was malignant effusion (37%). The median (interquartile range) volume of fluid removed was 1400 (1000 to 2000) mL and nonexpandable lung physiology was noted in 35%. There was no significant within-subject difference in 24 hours postprocedure SpO2 compared with preprocedure SpO2. In multivariable analysis, there was a small increase in 24-hour postprocedure SpO2 [β=0.31, 95% confidence interval (0.22, 0.41), P<0.01] and a similar small increase in 24-hour postprocedure SpO2/FiO2 [β=0.84, 95% confidence interval: (0.68, 1.01), P<0.01). CONCLUSION Among inpatients undergoing thoracentesis, there is no clinically significant change in SpO2 or SpO2/FiO2 at 24-hours post-procedure compared to pre-procedural SpO2 or SpO2/FiO2.
Universal two-parameter ∞-algebra and vertex algebras of type (2, 3, …, N)

We prove the longstanding physics conjecture that there exists a unique two-parameter -algebras.
Halogenated Compound Secreted By Marine Bacteria Halts Larval Urchin Development

Abstract Marine bacteria are ubiquitous, and yet their ecological functions have not been fully characterized. The globally distributed, biofilm-forming Pseudoalteromonas genus produces a variety of potentially bioactive halogenated organic products. One such secreted compound, 2,3,4,5-tetrabromopyrrole (TBP), has been found to be biocidal for several taxa of phytoplankton while stimulating the settlement and metamorphosis of coral at nanomolar doses. Here, we tested whether the presence of TBP affects early development in sea urchins that are not in direct contact with a benthic microbial film. Lytechinus variegatus embryos were exposed to varying TBP concentrations for different time durations over the first 48 h post-fertilization. Concentrations as low as 500 nM markedly reduced larval survivorship and retarded development. These deleterious effects became more pronounced as the concentration and duration of exposure to TBP were increased. Impairments in development when exposed to TBP appeared to be reversible, provided low exposure concentrations ( benthos to some developing invertebrate embryos. If true, such compounds, along with the bacterial taxa that produce them, likely play underappreciated roles in the ecology, and potentially the evolution, of planktonic development in macroinvertebrates.
Optimizing Training Response for Women in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Despite lower baseline fitness levels, women in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) do not typically improve peak aerobic exercise capacity (defined as peak oxygen uptake [peak Vo2]) compared with men in CR. Objective To evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and intensive lower extremity resistance training (RT) compared with standard moderate intensity continuous training (MCT) on peak Vo2 among women in CR. Design, setting, and participants This randomized clinical trial conducted from July 2017 to February 2020 included women from a community-based cardiac rehabilitation program affiliated with a university hospital in Vermont. A total of 56 women (mean [SD] age, 65 [11] years; range 43-98 years) participating in CR enrolled in the study. Interventions MCT (70% to 85% of peak heart rate [HR]) with moderate intensive RT or HIIT (90% to 95% of peak HR) along with higher-intensity lower extremity RT 3 times per week over 12 weeks. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcome was the between-group difference in change in peak Vo2 (L/min) from baseline to 12 weeks. Results Peak Vo2 increased to a greater degree in the HIIT group (+23%) than in the control group (+7%) (mean [SD] increase, 0.3 [0.2] L/min vs 0.1 [0.2] L/min; P = .03). Similarly, the change in leg strength was greater in the HIIT-RT group compared with the control group (mean [SD] increase, 15.3 [0.3] kg vs 6.4 [1.1] kg; P = .004). Conclusions and relevance An exercise protocol combining HIIT and intensive lower extremity RT enhanced exercise training response for women in CR compared with standard CR exercise training. Women randomized to HIIT experienced significantly greater improvements in both peak Vo2 and leg strength during CR. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03438968.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review for Health Educators

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), the leading cause of blindness and vision loss in the United States, affects mostly people over age 65. Along with age, family history and White race are no...
Principles And Poetry, Places And Stories: The Resources Of Buddhist Ecology

THE WORLD'S RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL traditions are a rich source of ethical values and principles for reflecting on environmental issues. Both religious adherents and scholars who are concerned about the environmental crisis are mining religious traditions in search of new ethical resources. Religious scriptures, doctrines, and practices have been invoked to promote a holistic, nonanthropocentric, egalitarian, eco-friendly worldview respectful of nature and compassionate to all forms of life. While these kinds of resources are crucial, I propose to include in my discussion of Buddhist ecology not only particular texts, philosophical ideas, and practices that Buddhists marshal in defense of an environmental ethic, but also hermeneutical and tactical strategies that Buddhists employ as well. In adopting this approach my concern is practical: I want to ensure that the religious dimensions of global environmental issues really do have an impact on decision-making, and that these essays have real implications for public policy.1 The contextuality of religious traditions must be kept in mind. Since there is no such thing as religion in general, the resources religionists bring to an environmental ethic may speak most powerfully to adherents of a given religious tradition or those inhabiting a specific social and cultural context. But those of us engaged in the religion and ecology movement also believe that particular traditions may embody principles and practices of more general applicability.
Examining the Relationships Among Social Anxiety, Fears of Evaluation, and Interpretation Bias

Previous research suggests that individuals with high levels of social anxiety (SA) tend to make negative interpretations of ambiguous social situations but fail to make positive interpretations of such situations. These biases have been shown to occur at both faster (more immediate) and slower (more reflective) levels of processing. Fears of evaluation may play a role in the tendency of individuals with SA to exhibit interpretation biases. As an extension of previous research, we examined the unique variance accounted for by fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE) in the relationship between SA and interpretation biases, using a paradigm that collected both reaction time and self-report data. FPE accounted for significant variance in the relationship between SA and negative interpretation bias at a faster level of processing (reaction time measure). However, neither FNE nor FPE accounted for significant variance in the relationship between SA and negative interpretation bias at a slower level of processing (self-report measure). Our findings suggest that FPE may play an important role in biased interpretations during more immediate processing, whereas SA may be broadly influential for biased interpretations during more reflective processing.
A Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site‐occupancy data

Summary 1. A Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data containing covariates of species occurrence and species detection probabilities is usually completed using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in conjunction with software programs that can implement those methods for any statistical model, not just site-occupancy models. Although these software programs are quite flexible, considerable experience is often required to specify a model and to initialize the Markov chain so that summaries of the posterior distribution can be estimated efficiently and accurately. 2. As an alternative to these programs, we develop a Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data that include covariates of species occurrence and species detection probabilities. This Gibbs sampler is based on a class of site-occupancy models in which probabilities of species occurrence and detection are specified as probit-regression functions of site- and survey-specific covariate measurements. 3. To illustrate the Gibbs sampler, we analyse site-occupancy data of the blue hawker, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata, Aeshnidae), a common dragonfly species in Switzerland. Our analysis includes a comparison of results based on Bayesian and classical (non-Bayesian) methods of inference. We also provide code (based on the R software program) for conducting Bayesian and classical analyses of site-occupancy data.
Alkali-promoted AlPO4 catalysis

Abstract Three series of samples (each series containing five samples having various amounts of alkali cations, 1–5 wt%) have been prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of aluminium orthophosphate with alkali hydroxide aqueous solutions (Li+, Na+, and K+ series) and the concentration of basic and acid sites, as well as the amounts of one-electron donor (reducing) and one-electron acceptor (oxidizing) sites of these catalysts were measured. The results provide evidence that the addition of alkali hydroxides to AlPO4 leads to a change in the acidity-basicity balance with the formation of a new basic center without one-electron acceptor properties.
Optimal Estimator for Logistic Model with Distribution‐free Random Intercept

Logistic models with a random intercept are prevalent in medical and social research where clustered and longitudinal data are often collected. Traditionally, the random intercept in these models is assumed to follow some parametric distribution such as the normal distribution. However, such an assumption inevitably raises concerns about model misspecification and misleading inference conclusions, especially when there is dependence between the random intercept and model covariates. To protect against such issues, we use a semiparametric approach to develop a computationally simple and consistent estimator where the random intercept is distribution-free. The estimator is revealed to be optimal and achieve the efficiency bound without the need to postulate or estimate any latent variable distributions. We further characterize other general mixed models where such an optimal estimator exists.
A label selection approach to assess the role of individual amino groups in human choriogonadotropin receptor binding.

Human choriogonadotropin (hCG) was trace-labeled with [3H]acetic anhydride and then incubated with transformed murine Leydig cells (MA-10). The bound hormone was recovered, subunits (alpha and beta) were separated and then cleaved, and the peptides were purified by high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of the labeling patterns of peptides from the initial preparation and the bound hCG fraction enabled us to determine the protection factor of several amino groups, which is a measure of the effects of acetylation on receptor binding. The largest protection factors, indicating lower labeling in the bound fraction, were found on beta and involved the alpha-amino group/Lys2 (analyzed together) and Lys104, which exhibited 6-fold and 5-fold selections against binding, respectively. Thus, acetylation at either of these amino groups does not prevent binding but results in selection against hormone association with receptor. Other amino groups were analyzed (e.g. Lys122 on beta; the alpha-amino group and lysines 44/45 (analyzed as a pair), 51, and 75 on alpha), and the selection factors indicated either no change or only modest changes (2-fold) in selection for or against binding. These results indicate that the alpha-amino group/Lys2 and Lys104 of the hormone-specific beta subunit participate, either directly or indirectly, in receptor binding.
The patient with ichthyosis: Report of a case

The ichthyoses are a group of hereditary disorders that share in common the accumulation and shedding of large amounts of hyperkeratotic epidermis. Little is known about the oral manifestations of these disorders. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented and the dental management of the patient with ichthyosis is discussed.
Interaction of CrATP with the phosphorylation site of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase.

The chromium moiety of gamma,beta-bidentate CrATP slowly accepts a ligand from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase to form an exchange inert coordination complex (k + 1 = 0.083 min-1; k - 2 = 0.003 min-1, 37 degrees C, 100 microM CaCl2). The stability of the Cr3+ coordinate bonds allowed the complex to be isolated by filtration techniques at neutral pH without acid precipitation. We found 4-5 nmol of [gamma-32P]CrATP to bind to 1 mg of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein with the subsequent occlusion of 7-8 nmol of 45Ca2+. At 37 degrees C, the CrATP.ATPase complex could be formed in the absence of Ca2+, although the reaction was 2-3 times slower than in the presence of Ca2+. Inhibition by Pi, by orthovanadate, and by fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate verified that the bound CrATP was at the catalytic site. The site of CrATP attachment was found to be on the A tryptic fragment, possibly on the A2 subfragment. It was determined that Ca2+ binding to high affinity sites on the enzyme controls the rate by which the Cr3+ moiety accepts the ligand from the enzyme. The rate of change in the EPR spectrum of iodoacetamide spin-labeled ATPase was shown to follow the rate of ligand acceptance, rather than the binding of Ca2+ and substrate per se. This particular change has been attributed to the formation of an activated complex that is immediately precursory to phosphorylation and indicates here that this complex cannot be properly formed until the metal has been chelated by the enzyme. It is concluded that control over metal chelation (Cr3+ here, Mg2+ in the normal mechanism) is one means by which Ca2+ activates the enzyme.
Asymmetric and Symmetric Subsystem BCH Codes and Beyond

Recently, the theory of quantum error control codes has been extended to subsystem codes over symmetric and asymmetric quantum channels - qubit-flip and phase-shift er rors may have equal or different probabilities. Previous work in constructing quantum error control codes has focused on code constructions for symmetric quantum channels. In this paper, we develop a theory and establish the connection between asymmet- ric quantum codes and subsystem codes. We present families of subsystem and asymmetric quantum codes derived, once again, from classical BCH and RS codes over finite fields. Particular ly, we derive an interesting asymmetric and symmetric subsystem codes based on classical BCH codes with parameters ((n, k, r, d))q, ((n, k, r, dz/dx))q and ((n, k ' , 0, dz/dx))q for arbitrary values of code lengths and dimensions. We establish asymmetric Singleton and Hamming bounds on asymmetric quantum and subsystem code parameters; and derive optimal asymmetric MDS subsystem codes. Finally, our constructions are well explained by an illustrative example. This paper is written on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of classical BCH codes and their quantum counterparts were derived nearly 10 years ago.
Use of Dextrose Gel Reverses Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Decreases Admissions to the NICU

Poster Presentation Objective To reduce newborn admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for the diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia by using 40% dextrose gel rather than intravenous (IV) dextrose. Design A retrospective chart review of more than 700 charts from 2013 was performed prior to implementation, and approximately 60 charts per month were reviewed postimplementation. Sample The sample included infants at risk for neonatal hypoglycemia born at a tertiary teaching institution. Inclusion criteria were 35 0/7‐ to 42 0/7‐weeks gestation with one of the following conditions: small for gestational age, large for gestational age, an infant of a diabetic mother, late preterm infant, or an Apgar score of Methods A protocol was developed for the treatment of infants at risk for hypoglycemia. Newborns were fed within the first hour of life. A bedside blood glucose (BG) level was obtained 30 minutes after the feeding was completed. If the BG was Implementation Strategies After review of a randomized controlled study our multidisciplinary newborn advisory committee (NAC) added glucose gel to the neonatal hypoglycemia protocol. The NAC collaborated with the pharmacy to establish weight base dosing of dextrose gel. Mandatory educational sessions were provided to all RNs that focused on the rationale for change, use of the new algorithm, and the technique to administer the gel. Once all was in place a go live date was set of May 15. Data collection began in June 2014. Results Following the implementation of the protocol, admission to the NICU for the diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia decreased from a mean of 11% to 2%. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice The utilization of dextrose gel along with oral feeding resulted in a decrease in the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia with a corresponding decrease in the admission rates to the NICU for the primary diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia. This inexpensive, noninvasive intervention can be adopted by other institutions to decrease NICU admissions for the primary diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Refractive Index Change Due to Volume-Phase Transition in Polyacrylamide Gel Nanospheres for Optoelectronics and Bio-photonics

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel nanospheres response to global temperature stimuli across the low critical solution temperature is studied as the water content in the polymer network is modified. The refractive index of gel nanoparticles was measured as a function of temperature using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The volume of the nanospheres reduces by 40% resulting in a modification of light scattering properties of the medium. A change in temperature from 33 to 34 °C results in a volume contraction of nanospheres which is accompanied by 8–10% enhancement in the refractive index of the gel network.
Relationship of length and grammatical complexity to the systematic and nonsystematic speech errors and stuttering of children who stutter

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether increased utterance length and grammatical complexity are associated with changes in frequency of systematic speech errors (i.e., phonological processes, or sound changes affecting an entire class of sounds or sound sequence [Edwards & Shriberg, 1983] ), and nonsystematic speech errors (i.e., a word or string of words that apparently deviates from the speaker's intention, but that is not characteristic of the child's systematic [phonological process]) of children who stutter (CWS). Subjects were 10 boys (S's mean age = 50.6 months; SD = 13.07 months) who exhibited both stuttering and disordered phonology, each of whom was audiotaped and videotaped while interacting with his/her mother during a 30-minute play/conversation period. Twenty-five stuttered and 25 nonstuttered utterances from each subject's conversational speech sample were measured in terms of utterance length, grammatical complexity, and systematic and nonsystematic speech errors. An utterance was then categorized as “high” or “low” in length and grammatical complexity relative to the subject's median for each of the two variables, and then related to total frequency of systematic and nonsystematic speech errors. Results indicated that stuttered utterances were significantly more complex and longer than nonstuttered utterances; however, there were no significant differences in systematic and nonsystematic errors for either stuttered or nonstuttered utterances relative to the grammatical complexity or length of utterance. Findings were taken to suggest that increased length and/or grammatical complexity of an utterance does not influence the frequency of systematic and nonsystematic speech errors, but does seem, as others have shown, to influence the frequency of stuttering.
Age-dependent inhibition of neural crest migration by the notochord correlates with alterations in the S103L chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.

In avian embryos, the notochord inhibits neural crest migration, resulting in the absence of neural crest cells from the perinotochordal space. Here, we test whether temporal changes in the ability of the notochord to inhibit neural crest migration correlate with alterations in the S103L chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Because CSPGs are abundant in the perinotochordal space and the inhibitory effects of the notochord are chondroitinase sensitive bothin vivoandin vitro,we examined the distribution and biochemical nature of a large CSPG whose core protein is recognized by the S103L antibody. The S103L CSPG is specific to the perinotochordal space during the course of neural crest migration and codistributes with the HNK-1 carbohydrate. Biochemical characterization reveals that the S103L CSPG bears the HNK-1 epitope and is the only HNK-1 immunoreactive proteoglycan present around the notochord at these stages. Following neural crest migration, the S103L CSPG staining is maintained in the perinotochordal region and also is expressed later in cartilage. In 4-day-old embryos, however, the S103L CSPG undergoes a reduction of HNK-1 immunoreactivity. To examine the temporal nature of the notochord's inhibitory ability, we assayed the effects on neural crest migration of grafting notochords from 2- to 5-day-old donor quail embryos into 2-day-old host chick embryos. Donor notochords from 2- to 3-day-old embryos inhibit neural crest cell migration, whereas the degree of inhibition is reduced or absent when notochords are derived from ≥4-day-old donors. This suggests that older notochords lose their inhibitory ability. Interestingly, preincubation of younger notochords with the HNK-1 antibody blocks the inhibitory effect, suggesting that glycosylation of the perinotochordal matrix may be important. The time when the notochord loses its inhibitory ability as assessed by ourin vivografting assay correlates with the biochemical and immunocytochemical changes in the notochordal S103L antigen. These data suggest that a species of S103L CSPG, which is expressed by the early notochord and bears the HNK-1 epitope, may be important for the inhibition of neural crest migration.
Managing the Reptile Patient in the Veterinary Hospital: Establishing a Standards of Care Model for Nontraditional Species

Abstract Based on a recent 2009 to 2010 national pet survey, reptiles remain popular as pets. Although, compared with reptiles, there may be more than 5 times as many dogs and 6 times as many cats, there is only 1 species of each of these domestic pets and more than 7500 different species of reptiles. Veterinarians working with domestic species need to recognize the requirements for managing these animals, along with some of the unique nutritional (e.g., calorie and nutritional differences between small and large breed dogs) and medical health differences among breeds; however, these differences pale in comparison with the species requirements and differences noted among reptiles. For this reason, it is important that veterinarians working with reptiles adopt a standards of care model to ensure that they are providing the most complete and balanced veterinary care possible for their reptile patients. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the methods used for collecting a history, performing a physical examination, collecting and interpreting diagnostic tests, and reviewing the management of common diseases in captive reptiles.
Interaction of antibiotic lasalocid A (X537A) with praseodymium(III) in methanol

The binding of lasalocid A (X537A) to Pr(III) in methanol has been studied by lasalocid fluorescence, circular dichroism, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It is clear that in addition to a mono complex, bis and tris complexes are also formed. Values of the binding constants and spectral properties of the various complexes have been determined by computer fitting of the binding isotherms. The Pr (III) ion binds only at the salicylic "head" of the lasalocid A, in stark contrast with other known structures. The lasalocid A appears to have an "open" conformation in these complexes. The relevance of these results to the structure and conformation of the Ca(II) complex is discussed. The first order rate constant for the dissociation of the tris complex has also been determined.
Music Representation Issues,Techniques,and Systems

Music offers a challenging array of representation problems. As an art form, music is distinguished by the presence of many relationships that can be treated mathematically, including rhythm and harmony. There are also many nonmathematical elements such as tension, expectancy, and emotion. Music can contain symbolic or structural relationships existing within and between the dimensions of pitch, time, timbre, harmony, tempo, rhythm, phrasing, and articulation. A further source of complexity is that "music" can mean printed notation, performance (instrument control) information, or resulting sounds. Finally, music evolves with every new composition. There can be no "true" representation just as there can be no closed definition of music. These elements combine to make music representation a rich field of study. Computers allow (and require) a formal approach to the study of music representation. Computer programs demand that every detail of a representation be precisely specified, and the resulting precision allows experimentation and testing of new representations. The knowledge we gain from these experiments is useful in music theory and in music understanding by computer. Computers also allow the representation of dynamic, responsive, or interactive compositions, a concept that was hard to imagine before computing. Better representations also lead to more powerful human-computer interfaces and tools. This is an overview of some of the issues and techniques that arise in studies of music representation. No attempt has been made to be exhaustive, so the reader is referred to the references and the other articles in this issue of Computer Music Journal for more information. In particular, I will omit any discussion of audio representations and transforms used in signal processing (see De Poll, Piccialli, and Roads, 1991), although this is an important part of music representation. Levels of Representation
Sensitivity of cloned muscle, heart and neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels to block by polyamines: a possible basis for modulation of excitability in vivo.

Spermidine and spermine, are endogenous polyamines (PAs) that regulate cell growth and modulate the activity of numerous ion channel proteins. In particular, intracellular PAs are potent blockers of many different cation channels and are responsible for strong suppression of outward K+ current, a phenomenon known as inward rectification characteristic of a major class of KIR K+ channels. We previously described block of heterologously expressed voltage-gated Na+ channels (NaV) of rat muscle by intracellular PAs and PAs have recently been found to modulate excitability of brain neocortical neurons by blocking neuronal NaV channels. In this study, we compared the sensitivity of four different cloned mammalian NaV isoforms to PAs to investigate whether PA block is a common feature of NaV channel pharmacology. We find that outward Na+ current of muscle (NaV1.4), heart (NaV1.5), and neuronal (NaV1.2, NaV1.7) NaV isoforms is blocked by PAs, suggesting that PA metabolism may be linked to modulation of action pot...
Enhancement of galaxy images for improved classification

In this paper, the classification accuracy of galaxy images is demonstrated to be improved by enhancing the galaxy images. Galaxy images often contain faint regions that are of similar intensity to stars and the image background, resulting in data loss during background subtraction and galaxy segmentation. Enhancement darkens these faint regions, enabling them to be distinguished from other objects in the image and the image background, relative to their original intensities. The heap transform is employed for the purpose of enhancement. Segmentation then produces a galaxy image which closely resembles the structure of the original galaxy image, and one that is suitable for further processing and classification. 6 Morphological feature descriptors are applied to the segmented images after a preprocessing stage and used to extract the galaxy image structure for use in training the classifier. The support vector machine learning algorithm performs training and validation of the original and enhanced data, and a comparison between the classification accuracy of each data set is included. Principal component analysis is used to compress the data sets for the purpose of classification visualization and a comparison between the reduced and original feature spaces. Future directions for this research include galaxy image enhancement by various methods, and classification performed with the use of a sparse dictionary. Both future directions are introduced.
Role of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the function of the rat PTH/PTHrP receptor.

The receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) is a G-protein-coupled receptor with four potential sites for N-linked glycosylation. The contribution of the oligosaccharide moieties to cell surface expression, ligand binding, and signal transduction was investigated. Site-directed mutagenesis of the rat PTH/PTHrP receptor cDNA was performed at single or combination of the four potential glycosylation sites to determine the effect of the putative carbohydrate chains on the activities of the receptor. The results revealed that all four potential N-glycosylation sites in the PTH/PTHrP receptor are glycosylated. Receptors missing a single or multiple glycosylation consensus but with at least one intact glycosylation site expressed sufficiently and functioned normally. In contrast, the nonglycosylated receptor, in which all four glycosylation sites were mutated, is deficient in these functions. These data indicate important roles for N-linked glycosylation in PTH/PTHrP receptor func...
Coarse-Grained Modeling of Protein Unfolding Dynamics

We present a new dynamic elastic network model (DENM) that describes the unfolding process of a force-loaded protein. The protein interaction network and its potentials are constructed based on information of its native-state structure obtained from the Protein Data Bank, with network nodes positioned at the $C_\alpha$ coordinates of the protein backbone. Specifically, to mimic the unfolding process, i.e., to simulate the process of overcoming the local energy barrier on the free energy landscape with force loading, the noncovalent protein network bonds (i.e., hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, hydrophobic contacts, etc.) are broken one-by-one with a certain probability, while the strong covalent bonds along the backbone (i.e., peptide bonds, disulfide bonds, etc.) are kept intact. The jumping event from local energy minima (bonds breaking rate) are chosen according to Kramer's theory and the Bell model. Moreover, we exploit the self-similar structure of proteins at different scales to design an effective coar...
Characterizing Soil–Pipe Networks with Pseudo-Three-Dimensional Resistivity Tomography on Forested Hillslopes with Restrictive Horizons

Soil pipes are important hillslope–hydrology features affecting mechanistic processes such as subsurface drainage, streamflow, erosion, hillslope stability, and discharge response to rain fall and snow melt. However, the limited capacity to characterize these pathways in situ remains a major limitation for process-based understanding and incorporation into coupled hydrologic models. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of pseudo-three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a field method for characterizing soil–pipe spatial distribution and connectivity on a forested hillslope with a specific interest in detecting the formation of soil pipes from root decay and combustion. We conducted detailed ERT surveys on three 6.12- by 6.12-m plots before and after a prescribed burn located on a 2-ha clearcut of coniferous forest underlain by a fragipan. Excavation following the ERT measurements showed that soil pipes were mostly empty with 86% containing <25% decaying root matter. The mean diameter of pipes was 4.3 cm with a mean length of 1.6 m. Such empty pipes would resolve as elongated high-electrical resistivity features. However, a high resistivity layer corresponding to the Bw and BE soil horizons overlaying a fragipan was observed on all plots with the majority of soil pipes larger than 1 cm diameter occurring within these horizons. The lack of observable contrast between pipes and the high resistivity layer as well as reduced data coverage within the vicinity of large soil pipes may have limited our ability to effectively characterize soil pipes occurring within these hillslopes. We conclude that the use of ERT surveys to detect large macropores pathways may be more suitable to settings where soil pipes are not occurring within high restrictive layers.