cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A fully physical model for leakage distribution under process variations in Nanoscale double-gate CMOS

Double-gate CMOS is projected to replace classical bulk and SOI technologies around the 32nm node. Predicting the impact of process variations on yield for these novel devices is necessary at an early stage of the design cycle, to enable optimal technology and circuit design choices. This paper presents a fully physical model for double-gate leakage distribution due to gate length (L) and body thickness (t/sub si/) variations, both for single devices and stacks. The model is derived directly from the solution of Poisson's and Schrodinger's equations, and thus captures the effect of unique double-gate phenomena such as volume inversion and quantum confinement. It is scalable to L = 13nm and t/sub si/ = 3nm, with less than 2% error for 3/spl sigma/ variation as large as 20% of nominal process parameters.
MMI Attenuation and Historical Earthquakes in the Basin and Range Province of Western North America

Earthquakes in central Nevada (1932-1959) were used to develop a modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) attenuation model for estimating moment mag- nitude M for earthquakes in the Basin and Range province of interior western North America. M is 7.4-7.5 for the 26 March 1872 Owens Valley, California, earthquake, in agreement with Beanland and Clark's (1994) M 7.6 that was estimated from geologic field observations. M is 7.5 for the 3 May 1887 Sonora, Mexico, earthquake, in agreement with Natali and Sbar's (1982) M 7.4 and Suter's (2006) M 7.5, both estimated from geologic field observations. MMI at sites in California for earthquakes in the Nevada Basin and Range appar- ently are not much affected by the Sierra Nevada except at sites near the Sierra Nevada where MMI is reduced. This reduction in MMI is consistent with a shadow zone produced by the root of the Sierra Nevada. In contrast, MMI assignments for earthquakes located in the eastern Sierra Nevada near the west margin of the Basin and Range are greater than predicted at sites in California. These higher MMI values may result from critical reflections due to layering near the base of the Sierra Nevada.
Update on Heroin Dependence Research

Mills, K. L., Teeson, M., Ross, J., & Darke, S. (2007). The impact of post-traumatic stress disorder on treatment outcomes for heroin dependence. Addiction, 102(3), 447–454.This study was part of t...
Yes, there is a correlation: - from social networks to personal behavior on the web

Characterizing the relationship that exists between a person's social group and his/her personal behavior has been a long standing goal of social network analysts. In this paper, we apply data mining techniques to study this relationship for a population of over 10 million people, by turning to online sources of data. The analysis reveals that people who chat with each other (using instant messaging) are more likely to share interests (their Web searches are the same or topically similar). The more time they spend talking, the stronger this relationship is. People who chat with each other are also more likely to share other personal characteristics, such as their age and location (and, they are likely to be of opposite gender). Similar findings hold for people who do not necessarily talk to each other but do have a friend in common. Our analysis is based on a well-defined mathematical formulation of the problem, and is the largest such study we are aware of.
New insights for glutaric aciduria type I

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-1) is due to recessively inherited glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) deficiency and causes age-dependent susceptibility to acute striatal necrosis. A better understanding of the cellular and biochemical events underlying striatal damage will be required to prevent this devastating injury. The majority of past research effort has focused on the potential role of glutaric or 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-HGA) by exposure of cultured cells or brain slices to these metabolites in vitro , or their injection into rodent striatum (Kolker et al ., 2004). The GCDH-deficient mouse created by Koeller et al . (2002) does not develop striatal injury spontaneously. However, we have …
Implementation of direct stator flux orientation control on a versatile DSP based system

A direct stator flux orientation control for induction machines was implemented on a versatile Motorola 56000 digital signal processor (DSP)-based system. Some practical aspects of implementing direct stator flux orientation (DSFO) control, such as parameter identification, flux estimation, and rotor angular velocity estimation, are discussed. Experimental results are presented to show the performance of a DSFO-controlled induction machine drive. Comparison between DSFO and direct rotor flux orientation (DRFO) control shows that DSFO is superior to DRFO in the field-weakening region. >
Diets versus diseases: the anthropometrics of slave children.

What were the living standards of American slaves? According to Robert W. Fogel and Stanley Engerman in their monumental study, Time on the Cross, the material standard of living of slaves compared favorably with that of other nineteenth-century agricultural laborers. More recently, utilizing anthropometric data that allow them to construct ageheight profiles for slaves, economic historians have cast doubts upon this view as it applies to particular age cohorts. They question the validity of the earlier assessment of living standards as it applies to slave newborns, infants, and children.
Triple Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy. Back to the Past

In this issue of Hypertension , Calhoun et al1 report on a large (n=2271), short (9 weeks of treatment after 4 weeks of washout and placebo), well-designed, properly controlled, international randomized trial of a triple combination of a diuretic (D; hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ]), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHPCCB; amlodipine [A]), and an angiotensin reception blocker (ARB; valsartan [V]) in volunteers who had a mean sitting (MS) diastolic blood pressure (BP; MSDBP) of ≥100 mm Hg. The results support what all would have anticipated: the use of 3 antihypertensive medications with different mechanisms of action would lead to a greater drop in BP than would combinations of any 2 of the 3 drugs given as 2-drug combinations. In fact, any other result would have been news, because combination therapy has many obvious advantages and some disadvantages compared with single-drug therapy (Tables 1 to 3⇓⇓). View this table: Table 1. Advantages of Multidrug Therapy in Hypertension View this table: Table 2. Advantages of a Fixed-Dose Combination as Antihypertensive Therapy View this table: Table 3. Disadvantages of a Fixed-Dose Combination as Antihypertensive Therapy The main result was that the triple combination reduced MS BP by 40/25 mm Hg, whereas the 2-drug combination of the ARB/D achieved a 32/20-mm Hg reduction, and the ARB/DHPCCB combination lowered MSBP by 34/22 mm Hg, whereas the DHPCCB/D combination dropped MSBP by 31/19 mm Hg. All of these differences were highly statistically significant, thanks in part to the large sample size. More important, the differences between these regimens, a minimum of 8/5 mm Hg for ARB/D versus the triple therapy, 6/3 mm Hg for ARB/DHPCCB versus the triple therapy, and 8/5 mm Hg for D/DHPCCB versus the triple therapy, are also clinically relevant. The study was large enough for a reliable comparison of prespecified subgroups: age (≥65 years versus <65 years); ethnicity (whites versus …
Authentication and Secure Robot Communication

In many cases robots are connected wirelessly with a file server and often with one another, either directly, or via the file server. The network connections form a subnet where the router has the static IP address visible to the outside world and the server along with the robots form a subnet with local IP addresses. Often however, each robot has its own static IP address. In addition, each robot has a NIC card and a unique NIC address, as well as other hardware identifiers depending on the functionality and complexity of the robot. The non-electronic part of the robot hardware usually represents mature technology that has been understood for a long time. The electronic hardware has evolved to the point that the embedded software can provide the needed intelligence for the robot to perform sophisticated tasks previously performed by one or more human beings. However, in previous research emphasis has been placed on the tasks performed by the robots, neglecting any security issues or liabilities that may ...
Criticality of /K-contact vector fields

This paper contains a characterization of K-contact unit vector fields in terms of J-holomorphic embeddings into the tangent unit sphere bundle. A consequence of this characterization is that these K-contact unit vector fields are minimal and harmonic sections. It is also proved that any closed flat contact manifold admits a parallelization by three critical unit vector fields, one parallel (hence minimizing), the other two are contact, non-Killing but minimize neither the volume nor the energy functionals.
Elevated fasting breath hydrogen and abnormal hydrogen breath tests in children with sickle cell disease: a preliminary report.

Hydrogen breath tests were performed in eight children with sickle cell dis- ease (Hgb 5-5), four ofwhom were growth retarded. Average base-line breath H2 values after an overnight fast were elevated (22.4 ± 10.8 ppm; normal = 7. 1 ± 5.0). Breath H2 concentrations increased significantly above base line within 30-40 mm after lactulose ingestion in the four growth-retarded children whereas a negligible rise was observed in the four with normal growth indices. Breath H2 production for each time interval in the first 120 mm was greater in all Hgb S-S then in normal children (p < 0.01 for each time interval measured before 60 mm). The results indicate that children with sickle cell disease have intestinal abnormalities favoring excess production of H2 in the fasted state combined with early elevations in postlactulose breath H2 in those with growth retardation. The possible role of disordered gastrointestinal motility and/or anomalously distributed intestinal flora in growth retardation ofchildren with Hgb S-S requires further investigation. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:654-7.
Film Badge Dosimetry Versus Luminescence Dosimetry

Studies comparing film and luminescence dosimetry are reviewed. The accumulated evidence indicates a clear superiority of luminescence dosimetry over film dosimetry.
Solution diversity in planning

Diverse planning consists of generating multiple different solutions for the same planning problem. I explore solution diversity, based on quantitative (domain independent) and qualitative (domain dependent) distance metrics, in determi nistic and nondeterministic planning domains.
Proceedings of the Second NCI–SNMMI Workshop on Targeted Radionuclide Therapy

In 2013, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) partnered for the first time to host a joint workshop on targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) ([1][1]). Broad discussion at that gathering suggested the need for a follow-up workshop
[Congenital nasal stenosis--new concept and its cases].

Congenital nasal stenosis is a new disease concept which was reported, for the first time, by Knegt-Junk et al in 1988.The authors experienced 10 cases of this disease from 1986 to 1990. Radiorography revealed that transverse width of the bony nasal passage of these patients was smaller than that of normal infants.Infants with nasal stenosis showed respiratory distress after birth and half of them had a low body weight and/or other congenital defects. Our patients were treated by nasal or oral intubation or by installation of nasal vasoconstrictor into the nasal passage. Four cases showed improvement up to 4 months of age, 6 others after 6 months of age.Tracheostomy was performed in one case. We must differentiate this disease from incomplete choanal atresia or nasal aperture stenosis. Our cases were similar to that of Knegt-Junk et al.We speculate that the congenital origin of this disease stems from a disturbance in embryologic development of the middle third of the face. Accordingly, we measured the diameter of the nasal passage radiography and recognized a narrow transverse width in the bony portion of the nose.
Glucose Content in Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Comparison with Glucose Levels in Serum as Determined by Copper Reduction and Hexokinase Methods

The glucose content in cerebrospinal fluid was determined on samples from 29 normal subjects. The determination was performed by both a copper reduction method and a hexokinase method, and results were compared with glucose values in serum from blood samples drawn simultaneously. The glucose values by the enzymatic method were 4.5% less than by the reduction method. The cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio was approximately 70% by either method, and although there appeared to be considerable correlation between levels of glucose in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, the serum level does not appear to be the sole determinant of cerebrospinal fluid glucose levels.
Estimation of Life Parameters of Monelliopsis pecanis, Monellia caryella, and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Single Pecan Leaflets

Population parameters (mean generation time, intrinsic and finite rates of increase, and days for population to double) and the components of the intrinsic rate of increase (developmental and prereproductive times, total fecundity, percent immature mortality, and fecundity rate) were estimated for Monelliopsis pecanis , Monellia caryella , Melanocallis caryaefoliae in clip cages placed on pecan, Carya illioensis (Wang.) K. Koch, leaflets exposed to ambient environmental conditions in an orchard from mid-June to late October. Developmental and prereproductive times differed between species and decreased over time during the growing season. Females produced less progeny when their offspring remained in cluster in the cages for 4–6 d than when offspring were removed daily after counting. Mortality was not a factor in determining the rate of increase because of low mortality of nymphs during the reproductive periods. M. caryella had the shortest developmental, prereproductive, and generation times and required less time for its population to double, yet M. caryella had the highest mean total fecundity, fecundity rate, and intrinsic and finite rates of increase. Results are compared with studies from the literature done at constant temperatures.
Novel surgical approach for axillary hidradenitis suppurativa using a bilayer dermal regeneration template: a retrospective case study

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating disease of apocrine gland-bearing skin characterized by recurrent abscesses with subsequent rupture, scarring, and draining sinus tracts, most frequently affecting the axillary, inguinal, and anogenital regions. Conservative and temporizing treatment methods have been used to treat mild to moderate disease, but wide local excision of affected tissue is necessary for advanced disease. This creates a large soft tissue defect for which there is no consensus for reconstruction. Recovery is hampered by disease recurrence, tissue necrosis, and reoperation. The authors have described in this case study an alternative surgical approach to treat severe HS. All surgical procedures were performed by dedicated burn surgeons at a regional burn center using a two-stage surgical approach. The first stage is a wide local excision of all affected axillary tissue with immediate placement of a bilayer dermal regeneration template to cover the defect. This is secured with a negative pressure wound therapy dressing. The second stage uses a thin split thickness skin graft to close the wound. Results of four patients are presented. There were no recurrences of HS. Two patients required reoperations to address granulation tissue overgrowth and small areas of autograft loss. One patient experienced skin substitute loss as a result of infection. Inadequate excision of HS is the leading cause of disease recurrence. Using a bilayer dermal regeneration template with subsequent skin graft, surgeons can be aggressive in their excision of HS, achieving satisfactory functional and cosmetic results and minimizing axillary recurrence.
Convective Weather Impact Forecasting in the Terminal Area

Convective weather impacts in the terminal area have a considerable effect on the efficiency of the National Airspace System. In general, terminal areas are characterized by highly congested airspace with little separation between arrival and departure traffic. The flow structure in the terminal area is very sensitive to convective weather disturbances, as even a small storm can cascade delay throughout the system. Convective weather impact forecasting in the terminal area provides Traffic Managers advance notice of system impacts and allows the proactive management of traffic to mitigate unnecessary system cost. This paper develops a model of convective weather impact in the terminal area that is based on the MIT Lincoln Lab Convective Weather Avoidance Model (CWAM). The model is used to predict terminal impacts out to five hours using weather forecasts from the Consolidated Storm Prediction for Aviation (CoSPA) product.
SOIL DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY ON GEOMORPHIC SURFACES OF DIFFERENT AGE

Twenty-four soil pedons on each of four sandy lake terraces in northwestern lower Michigan that ranged in age from 3000 to 11,000 years BP were studied to assess trends in soil morphological variability with time. After verifying the general uniformity of parent materials within and between the four surfaces, we examined temporal trends in the spatial variability of soil color, cementation, horizon thickness and development. E horizons attained high color values (lightness) by 3000 years and changed little after that time, whereas B horizons continued to get darker with time. Cementation within B horizons increased in strength and amount with time, as did B horizon thickness. Soils ≥4000 years old had deeper eluvial zones but much greater variabilities in the thickness of that zone than did younger soils. Soil development increased with time, but spatial variability in degree of development also increased with time. These patterns are best explained by invoking spatially random soil mixing upon a surface ...
Injuries of the shoulder and arm

A systematic approach to the injured shoulder includes careful history taking and sequential examination of all anatomic components of the shoulder girdle in each and every patient. High quality radiographs, with two views at 90 degrees to one another, are essential. A specific diagnosis can and must be made on every patient with an injured shoulder to enable referral for proper care and follow-up.
Ontogeny of adenosine response in guinea pig heart and aorta

Effects of maturation on the responses of isolated perfused hearts and aortic rings to adenosine were examined. Dose-response relationships for adenosine were obtained in aortic rings and hearts is...
Vapor deposition of copper-manganese interconnects

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of copper and manganese can produce interconnects scaled down to below 10 nm, while enhancing their conductivity and lifetime. CVD using similar super-conformal processes can enable very narrow through-silicon-vias, as well as tiny and robust flexible wires between chips. Silica insulating layers can be made by a super-conformal and rapid atomic layer deposition (ALD) process.
Jigs and Lures: Associating Web Queries with Strongly-Typed Entities

We propose methods for estimating the probability that an entity from an entity database is associated with a web search query. Association is modeled using a query entity click graph, blending general query click logs with vertical query click logs. Smoothing techniques are proposed to address the inherent data sparsity in such graphs, including interpolation using a query synonymy model. A large-scale empirical analysis of the smoothing techniques, over a 2-year click graph collected from a commercial search engine, shows significant reductions in modeling error. The association models are then applied to the task of recommending products to web queries, by annotating queries with products from a large catalog and then mining queryproduct associations through web search session analysis. Experimental analysis shows that our smoothing techniques improve coverage while keeping precision stable, and overall, that our top-performing model affects 9% of general web queries with 94% precision.
"This house belong to me, now": The "Slumming" and "Gentrification" of Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn as Experienced and Foretold by Paule Marshall's Brown Girl, Brownstones

In addition to personal, national, and/or global anxieties, Paule Marshall’s novel, Brown Girl, Brownstones speaks most eloquently of local anxieties experienced throughout the twentieth century and even to this day in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. This essay argues that Marshall’s novel provides a rare glimpse into the invention, development, and repeated transformation of this important neighborhood in Black history. Not often read as a novel of material conditions, Brown Girl, Brownstones contains the story of a neighborhood that serves as a space of representation for an ever-evolving population, each with its own socio-cultural baggage. We see through Marshall’s eye, and that of her female protagonists Silla and Selina Boyce, the last vestiges of the first rendition of Bedford Stuyvesant as a space of representation marking the social, political and economic dominance of the affluent Irish first inhabiting the ornate brownstones that line the newly gridded streets of former farmland, protected by the firewall of restricted covenants that by 1939 come tumbling down. We experience through Silla and Selina Boyce one of the first examples of “white flight,” as the neighborhood transforms into a space representing aspirational Barbadians, who, despite New Deal “redlining,” band together to form their own Garveyite financial associations, allowing them to “buy house” and turn the brownstones of Bedford Stuyvesant into sites of entrepreneurial profit through the creation of Single Room Occupancy hotels, which in yet another turn contributes to profound disinvestment and the building of massive post-War housing “projects” for the poor on bulldozed blocks. Virtually 100% Black during the second half of the twentieth century, Bedford Stuyvesant becomes one of New York’s most prevalent representations of the “ghetto”—rife with crime, abandoned buildings, shuttered businesses, and poor schools—despite the best efforts of committed residents and community activists. And finally, we witness the recent undoing of Silla and her compatriots’ SROs by white gentrifiers, corporations, and hedge funds, who spend great sums to return these brownstones to single or two-family status, and even greater sums on gut renovations, reaping in the process massive profits, and returning Bedford Stuyvesant to a space representing once again the social, political, and economic dominance of whiteness.
Computationally Driven Two-Dimensional Materials Design: What Is Next?

Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer many key advantages to innovative applications, such as spintronics and quantum information processing. Theoretical computations have accelerated 2D materials design. In this issue of ACS Nano, Kumar et al. report that ferromagnetism can be achieved in functionalized nitride MXene based on first-principles calculations. Their computational results shed light on a potentially vast group of materials for the realization of 2D magnets. In this Perspective, we briefly summarize the promising properties of 2D materials and the role theory has played in predicting these properties. In addition, we discuss challenges and opportunities to boost the power of computation for the prediction of the “structure–property–process (synthesizability)” relationship of 2D materials.
Consumer Value and Time

AbstractMost agree that consumers buy goods and services because of the value they receive. However, answers to questions such as what is value, how is it created, who creates it, for whom, and doe...
A photonic MEMS accelerometer with a low-finesse hemispherical microcavity readout

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a photonic MEMS accelerometer that uses a hemispherical microcavity to transduce the motion of the proof mass. The cavity design provides stable operation that is relatively tolerant of misalignment errors. The prototype sensor is shown to have optical resonances that closely match the expected Airy function model.
Software Defined Cyberinfrastructure for Data Management

Scientific research is data-centric, relying on the acquisition, management, movement, analysis, and sharing of data. Proficiently managing the end-to-end lifecycle of scientific data is non-trivial and comprises many time consuming and mundane tasks. While individual tasks are not prohibitive, when done repeatedly and frequently they represent a significant strain on researchers. We posit that a better approach is to automate these tasks through a Software Defined Cyberinfrastructure. We have developed R IPPLE to provide such capabilities by automating research data management activities via a programmable and event-based cyber-environment. Users specify high-level management policies, such as data movement and metadata extraction, using intuitive If-Trigger-Then-Action rules. These rules are then autonomously, and reliably, executed and managed by Ripple.
Gantry Work Cell Scheduling through Reinforcement Learning with Knowledge-guided Reward Setting

In this paper, a manufacturing work cell utilizing gantries to move between machines for loading and unloading materials/parts is considered. The production performance of the gantry work cell highly depends on the gantry movements in real operation. This paper formulates the gantry scheduling problem as a reinforcement learning problem, in which an optimal gantry moving policy is solved to maximize the system output. The problem is carried out by the Q-learning algorithm. The gantry system is analyzed and its real-time performance is evaluated by permanent production loss and production loss risk, which provide a theoretical base for defining reward function in the Q-learning algorithm. A numerical study is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed policy by comparing with the first-come-first-served policy.
The Evidence for the Role of Nutraceuticals in the Management of Pediatric Migraine: a Review.

Nutraceuticals are a form of complementary and alternative medicine that is commonly used by children and adolescents with migraine. In this review, observational studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on the efficacy and safety of single compound nutraceuticals for the management of migraine in children and adolescents were identified through a literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and EBM Reviews—Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Twenty-one studies were reviewed, of which 11 were observational studies, 7 were randomized controlled trials, and 3 were systematic reviews. Six different nutraceuticals were included in the review: vitamin D, riboflavin, coenzyme Q10, magnesium, butterbur, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. All but three of the studies assessed the role of nutraceuticals in migraine prevention, while three studies evaluated the role of intravenous magnesium for acute migraine management. Overall, the quality and size of the studies were limited. Due to low quality evidence and limited studies, no definite conclusions can be drawn on the efficacy of nutraceuticals for the treatment of pediatric migraine. Future studies are warranted in order to establish evidence upon which to define the role of nutraceuticals in this patient population.
Numerical Prediction of Interfacial Instability

“Free”, fluid-fluid interfaces, in the presence of body forces and/or differential velocities are subject to deformation and breakup - processes that are principally responsible for flow regime development, and thus for the macroscopic features in all multi-fluid systems. Body forces normal to an interface can be stabilizing or destabilizing, differential velocities parallel to an interface are always destabilizing, and for development of instability such driving forces must be sufficient to overcome the surface tension force (always stabilizing). Under unstable conditions, early growth of an interfacial disturbance is exponential in time, and the theory for understanding this regime, based on the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, rests on firm grounds. At amplitudes that are a significant fraction of the wavelength, this theory breaks down, non-linear analysis becomes scarcely feasible, and numerical simulation is the key to further progress. In this paper we develop and demonstrate the first reliable approach to this quest.
AIC women as bearers of the Gospel Good News

African Initiated Churches have grown rapidly during the twentieth century throughout the African continent, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa alone an estimated 6,000 AICs represent between 30 and 40 percent of the total black population and close to 50 percent of Black Christianity. The Zion Christian Church of Bishop Lekganyane, with its headquarters at Pietersburg, grows faster today than any other church in the country.
Production of Transgenic Fish

Transgenic fish were developed using a variety of transgenes, methods, and species since the first transgenic fish were produced in China in 1985. Since that time, transgenic gene knockout and gene editing technologies have been adapted for fish experimentation. Early research emphasized refinement of transgenic methodology and development of novel strains of fish with commercially beneficial traits with emphasis on growth enhancement. The production of transgenic fish has since expanded to research focused on five general applications: to enhance traits of commercially important species, to develop fish as bioreactors to produce biomedically important proteins, to enhance the utility of fish as indicators of adverse health effects associated with exposure to toxicants in aquatic environments, to develop new nonmammalian animal models for comparative biomedical research and for functional genomics studies. Transgenic fish were produced that could benefit the aquaculture industry, but regulatory agencies have yet to approve them for commercial application.
Topological Band Theory and the ℤ2 Invariant

Abstract We give a pedagogical introduction to theory of topological insulators. Following an introduction to the role of topology in band theory, we discuss several examples in detail. These include theories of the electric polarization in one dimension, the integer quantum Hall effect in two dimensions and Z 2 topological insulators in two and three dimensions. We close with a brief discussion of topological crystalline insulators, nodal semimetals, topological superconductivity and topological defects.
Simulation of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in Immersive Virtual Reality Environment

This research project focuses on the VR simulation of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayanta) in southern Xi’an, Shaanxi province, China, as an investigative subject for the use of virtual reality and digital simulation in engineering graphics. The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda is a typical Chinese pagoda built in AD 652, during the Tang Dynasty (from AD 618 to 907); because the Tang Dynasty is regarded as the most prosperous and magnificent dynasty in Chinese history, the buildings constructed during this period have frequently been referenced in Chinese architecture since then. The VR simulation presented in this research is intended to show the uniqueness of the complexity of the structure of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda as well as the beauty of structural and landscape design principles dating back to the Tang Dynasty. Firstly, using modern graphical technology, the authors completed a 3D model of the Dayanta, through which to create a 3D database by translation from 2D drawings and literature documentation. Secondly, the authors used Lumion as the advanced rendering tool to build the dynamic environment. To create the environment around the pagoda, the authors added natural scenery elements such as vegetation and terrain features from the natural libraries, and to make the elements more realistic for the scale of the model, the authors then made adjustments for the size of the elements. Lastly, the authors employed the Unity VR package to create an immersive experience inside the pagoda for viewing the structure.
Innocence: A Second Idealization for Linguistics

The nature of the fit between predictions generated by a theory and the phenomena within its domain can sometimes be assessed only when different sources of explanation can be isolated through one or more idealizations. One such idealization is the simplifying assumption, for the laws of Newtonian mechanics, that the physical bodies whose movements fall within their scope are (or can be treated as) dimensionless particles, not subject to distortion or friction. The empirical laws of elasticity and friction are themselves best formulated against this background idealization.
1.06 – Operant Behavior

Operant behavior is behavior guided by its consequences. Conditioning operant behavior requires making a biologically important event, or a stimulus signaling such an event, depend on the occurrence of a target operant response. If this arrangement leads to an increase in the probability of the target response, the contingent event is termed a reinforcer and the associated process reinforcement. In this chapter, we review the conditions under which reinforcement takes place, that is, how an animal is able to detect that a reinforcer is delivered as the consequence of the emission of a behavior (operant learning). We look at how behavior is modulated by its consequences in situations in which reinforcement occurs at a fixed time after a specific event (interval timing) and situations in which the animal has the choice between several response alternatives, each reinforced according to a different rule (operant choice). Finally, we review theories that explain why some events have reinforcing properties (reinforcement theory).
Mark My Word.

We often assume the first two lines of Horton's declaration. The purpose of this article is to give you the opportunity to test your ability to communicate mathe matics and to compare yourself to college students planning to teach mathematics. In the privacy (?) of the faculty room or at your desk write exactly what you would say to the student remarks given in table 1. If you adopted the evasive strategy of your students and did not record your responses, please go back and write them out. Your second task is to read the following responses critically, identifying any slip of the pencil (the author's or perhaps your own). The college students who wrote these responses are not poorly prepared; they have completed an average of three years of high school mathematics; earned a mean SAT mathematics score of 612; and in a college mathematics course for elementary teachers, they have consis tently demonstrated excellent computa tional skills. The responses were written by a representative cross section of that college class, with the best students con tributing more than their share of the misinformation. Since the assignment was to be graded, it is likely that these re sponses were more carefully composed than oral responses to the same question might be under the pressures in a normal classroom setting.
Association of nutritional parameters and survival in parenteral nutrition-supported (PN) gastrointestinal cancer patients.

10078Background: PN is a major tool in managing nutritional challenges in cancer patients. However, a clear set of clinical and biochemical indices to determine PN application in cancer patients ha...
Neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of posttraumatic stress disorder among older veterans: A systematic review.

Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities, and older adults experience comorbid illnesses disproportionately. Little is known about the comorbidities of PTSD among older veterans. This systematic review examines the prevalence, incidence, and patterns of neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of PTSD among older veterans and explores the factors associated with these comorbidities. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 1980 to October 2018. Eligible studies examined the comorbid neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders of PTSD among veterans aged 60 and older. Results Twenty-four studies met the criteria for inclusion. The risk for dementia was higher in veterans with PTSD than those without PTSD; hazard ratios ranged from 1.21 to 1.77. Depressive disorder was the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity with estimates ranging from 33% to 52.3%, followed by generalized anxiety disorder (14%-15%) and substance use disorders (1.9%-11.3%). Factors consistently associated with PTSD comorbidities included age, combat-related exposures, clinical conditions, and health-related and psychosocial outcomes. Conclusions Despite heterogeneity in research designs and methodological limitations, this review highlights the need to consider comorbid neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders among older veterans with PTSD in order to individualize care approaches. Future research should incorporate factors associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities of PTSD into study designs that can help improve prediction of comorbidity and generate evidence for developing and implementing tailored treatments in older veterans.
The Next Generation Energy Efficient Membrane Desalination System With Advanced Key Technologies: Mega-Ton Water System

Abstract Although distillation [multistage flash (MSF) and multieffect desalination (MED)] and reverse osmosis (RO) methods appeared at nearly the same time, that is, the early 1960s, as seawater desalination technologies, since the beginning of the 21st century the RO method has now become a major technology with high growth rate. In particular, a total solution combining membrane technology, membrane process technology, energy reduction devices, and biotechnology is necessary for reliable plant operation. Considering the population increase and economic development in the future, the necessary core technologies for the 21st century were implemented as national research in Japan as the Megaton Water System Project. These innovative technological developments enhance the establishment of energy savings (20% and max 30%), lower water production cost and lower environmental impact. This Megaton Water System technology is now in the stage of verification at the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC)/Desalination Technologies Research Institute (DTRI), Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
The nucleosome position-encoding WW/SS sequence pattern is depleted in mammalian genes relative to other eukaryotes

Nucleosomal DNA sequences generally follow a well-known pattern with ∼10-bp periodic WW (where W is A or T) dinucleotides that oscillate in phase with each other and out of phase with SS (where S is G or C) dinucleotides. However, nucleosomes with other DNA patterns have not been systematically analyzed. Here, we focus on an opposite pattern, namely anti-WW/SS pattern, in which WW dinucleotides preferentially occur at DNA sites that bend into major grooves and SS (where S is G or C) dinucleotides are often found at sites that bend into minor grooves. Nucleosomes with the anti-WW/SS pattern are widespread and exhibit a species- and context-specific distribution in eukaryotic genomes. Unlike non-mammals (yeast, nematode and fly), there is a positive correlation between the enrichment of anti-WW/SS nucleosomes and RNA Pol II transcriptional levels in mammals (mouse and human). Interestingly, such enrichment is not due to underlying DNA sequence. In addition, chromatin remodeling complexes have an impact on the abundance but not on the distribution of anti-WW/SS nucleosomes in yeast. Our data reveal distinct roles of cis- and trans-acting factors in the rotational positioning of nucleosomes between non-mammals and mammals. Implications of the anti-WW/SS sequence pattern for RNA Pol II transcription are discussed.
Influences of Horizontal Grid Spacing and Microphysics on WRF Forecasts of Convective Morphology Evolution for Nocturnal MCSs in Weakly Forced Environments

AbstractNocturnal mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are important phenomena because of their contributions to warm-season precipitation and association with severe hazards. Past studies have show...
Electromechanical Tuning Fork Resonator For Drilling Fluid Viscometry and Densitometry

Drilling fluids are an integral part of drilling wells for oil and gas production. They carry cuttings from the bit to the surface, prevent collapse of the wellbore, and balance formation pressures to prevent reservoir fluids from entering the wellbore. Frequent measurement and adjustment of the viscosity and density of the drilling fluid is crucial for a safe and efficient operation. However, on most drilling rigs, these measurements are done manually. Here, we describe an automatic sensor, based on an electromechanical tuning fork resonator, for vibrational viscometry and densitometry. The device was integrated into an instrument that allows continuous measurements at the return tank of the mud circulation system. The electromechanical resonator is the frequency-defining element of an oscillator circuit, where a digital gain control system maintains a constant vibrational amplitude. The resonant frequency and the required gain are related to the density and viscosity of the fluid. This technique enables fast measurements limited only by the transient response time of the resonator, which is in the millisecond timescale for the obtained quality factors in liquid media. This feature enables further integration of such devices into in-line systems, where measurements faster than the typical flow-rates are needed.
Evaluating the Electricity Production and Energy Saving from Transparent Photovoltaics for Windows in Commercial Buildings

This work evaluates the energy benefit of transparent photovoltaics (TPV) for window application for two different donor materials. TPVs made of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine and heptamethine harvest energy from the near-infrared region of the spectrum and have the potential to reduce cooling energy. Due to the absorption property of the TPV material, energy-saving changes with location in the United States (U.S.). This work quantifies the energy savings using two types of TPVs in five types of commercial buildings and four different locations.
Sensory Reactivity at 1 and 2 Years Old is Associated with ASD Severity During the Preschool Years

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often display atypical sensory reactivity within the first years of life, prior to a diagnosis. This study examined sensory reactivity patterns at 14 months, changes from 14 to 23 months, and later ASD severity at 3 to 5 years of age in children (n = 87) at elevated likelihood of ASD. Results indicated that observed hyporeactivity at 14 months and increases from 14 to 23 months were related to higher ASD severity during the preschool years. Parent report of hyperreactivity at 14 months was associated with higher ASD severity in the RRB domain during the preschool years. Early hypo and hyperreactivity may predict later severity of ASD and aid in subtyping and developing individualized treatments.
Nutritional and prebiotic efficacy of the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) in honey bees

We evaluated the microalga Arthrospira platensis (commonly called spirulina), as a pollen substitute for honey bees. Nutritional analyses indicated that spirulina is rich in essential amino acids and a wide variety of functional lipids (i.e., phospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sterols) common in pollen. Feeding bioassays were used to compare dry and fresh laboratory-grown spirulina with bee-collected pollen and a commercial pollen substitute using sucrose syrup as a control. Diets were fed ad libitum as a paste to newly emerged bees in cages (10–13 cage replicates) and bees were sampled at days 5 and 10 for physiological and molecular measurements. Spirulina diets produced biomarker profiles (thorax weight, head protein content, and beneficial gut bacteria abundance) that were indicative of elevated nutritional states, meeting or exceeding the other diets in some metrics despite reduced consumption. Furthermore, spirulina diets led to significantly increased fat body lipid content and mRNA levels of the central storage lipoprotein vitellogenin. We conclude that spirulina has significant potential as a pollen substitute or prebiotic diet additive to improve honey bee health.
Revisiting the Global Patterns of Seasonal Cycle in Sea Surface Salinity

Seasonal cycle is the largest source of variability for sea surface salinity (SSS) and has a significant influence on the upper-ocean stratification and water-mass formation. The advent of the Argo...
MERL: Multi-View Edge Representation Learning in Social Networks

Network embedding models aim to learn low-dimensional representations for nodes and/or edges in graphs. For social networks, learning edge representations is especially beneficial as we need to describe or explain the relationships, activities, and interactions between users. Existing approaches that learn stand-alone node embeddings, and represent edges as pairs of node embeddings, are limited in their applicability because nodes participate in multiple relationships, which should be considered. In addition, social networks often contain multiple types of edges, which yields multi-view contexts that need to be considered in the representation. In this paper, we propose a new methodology, MERL, that (1) captures asymmetry in multiple views by learning well-defined edge representations that are responsive to the difference between the source and destination node roles, and (2) incorporates textual communications to identify multiple source of social signals (e.g. strength and affinity) that moderate the impact of different views between users. Our experiments show that MERL outperforms alternative state-of-the-art embedding models on link prediction and multilabel classification tasks across multiple views in social network datasets. We further analyze the learned embeddings of MERL and demonstrate they are more correlated with the existence of view-based edges compared to previous methods.
Zero-Sequence Impedance Estimation in Mutually Coupled Transmission Lines Using Fault Record Data

Estimation of line impedances is of great interest to power system engineers. Power utility companies use different software to calculate line impedances based on the conductor and structure types. However, the calculated values cannot remain accurate due to atmospheric condition. Also, due to lack of communication between the line construction, maintenance, and other departments, a line conductor/structure may be partially/totally changed without notifying the affected departments. Various estimation methods are used to dynamically obtain line impedance values. The majority of these methods use phasor measurement units (PMU s) for the impedances estimation. These methods require PMU s in the substations and fail to measure zero-sequence voltages/currents due to inadequate zero-sequence components under normal operation. The estimation of zero-sequence impedances is even more challenging for parallel transmission lines which are mutually coupled. This study proposes a method for estimating the self and mutual zero-sequence impedances for mutually coupled transmission lines using recorded fault data by protective relays. Extensive simulation results in RSCAD/RTDS indicate that the proposed approach has high accuracy in estimating the self and mutual zero-sequence impedances as well as the fault location in parallel transmission lines.