cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preschool Bipolar Disorder

Although some empirical work has now been added to the larger body of case material, preschool bipolar disorder (BPD) remains a highly ambiguous diagnostic area. This is notable in the context of the significant progress that has been made in many other areas of psychopathology in the preschool period. While there is a need for well controlled empirical investigations in this area, a small but growing body of empirical literature suggests that some form of the disorder may arise as early as age 3. The need for large scale and focused studies of this issue is underscored by the high and increasing rates of prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics and other mood stabilizing agents for preschool children with presumptive clinical diagnosis of BPD or a related variant. Clarifying the nosology of preschool BPD may also be important to better understand of the developmental psychopathology of the disorder during childhood. Data elucidating this developmental trajectory could then inform the design of earlier potentially preventive interventions that may have implications for the disorder across the lifespan.
La lobectomie temporale: indications et rôle dans la chirurgie de l'épilepsie

When a focal epilepsy proves refractory to medical therapy, surgical treatment is increasingly used. Most interventions consist in cortical resections, and by far the most common operation is a temporal lobectomy. The presurgical evaluation is a multi-disciplinary one, and includes history and examination, neuropsychological testing, neuro-imaging techniques, functional studies (functional imaging and intracarotid amobarbital procedure), and neurophysiologic data (EEG-video monitoring). When non-invasive EEG does not succeed in localizing the epileptogenic zone with sufficient accuracy, several invasive techniques are available. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In appropriately selected cases, postoperative outcome is excellent, especially in temporal lobe epilepsy. In general, outcome is slightly less successful in extra-temporal cases.
Clinicopathologic correlates of hepatitis C virus in brain: A pilot study

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been detected in the brain tissues of 10 individuals reported to date; it is unclear what clinical factors are associated with this, and with what frequency it occurs. Accordingly, a pilot analysis utilizing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and sequence HCV in premortem plasma and postmortem brain and liver from 20 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 10 HIV-naive individuals was undertaken. RNA encoding the first 126 amino acids of the HCV E1 envelope protein and the majority of the E1 signal sequence was analyzed in parallel with an 80-base-long segment of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). Liver HCV was detected only in subjects with premortem HCV viremia (10 HIV-infected and 3 HIV-naive). Brain HCV was detected in 6/10 HCV/HIV-coinfected and 1/3 HCV-monoinfected subjects. In the setting of HIV, the magnitude of plasma HCV load did not correlate with the presence of brain HCV. However, coinfected patients with brain HCV were more often off antiretroviral therapy and tended to have higher plasma HIV loads than those with HCV restricted to liver. Furthermore, premortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed that HCV/HIV-coinfected patients with brain HCV had detectable CSF HIV, whereas those without brain HCV had undetectable CSF HIV loads (P = .0205). Neuropsychologic tests showed a trend for hierarchical impairment of abstraction/executive functioning in HIV/HCV coinfection, with mean T scores for HIV monoinfected patients 43.2 (7.3), for liver-only HCV 39.5 (9.0), and for those with HCV in brain and liver 33.2 (5.1) (P = .0927). Predominant brain HCV sequences did not match those of the plasma or liver in 4 of the 6 coinfected patients analyzed. We conclude that in the setting of HIV/HCV coinfection, brain HCV is a common phenomenon unrelated to the magnitude of HCV viremia, but related to active HIV disease and detectable CSF HIV. Furthermore, there is sequence evidence of brain compartmentalization. Differences in abstraction/executive function of HCV/HIV coinfected patients compared to HIV monoinfected warrant further studies to determine if neuropsychiatric effects are predicated upon brain infection.
Effects of image compression on sensor performance

As the number of fielded sensors increases, together with increasing sensor format size, and more spectral bands, the amount of sensor information available is rapidly multiplying. Additionally, sensors are increasingly being implemented in sensor networks with wired or wireless exchange of information. To handle the increasing load of data, often with limited network bandwidth resources, both still and moving imagery can be highly compressed, resulting in a 50 to 100 fold (or more) decrease in required network bandwidth. However, such high levels of compression are not error-free, and the resulting images contain artifacts that may adversely affect the ability of observers to detect or identify targets of interest. This paper attempts to quantify the effect of image compression in its impact on observer tasks such as target identification. We will address multiple typically-used compression algorithms, at varying degrees of high compression, in a series of controlled perception experiments to isolate the effects and quantify the impact on observer tasking. Recommendations will be made on how to incorporate performance degradation caused by image compression with other sensor design factors in designing a remote sensor with compressed imagery.
Limitations and risks of machine ethics

Many authors have proposed constraining the behaviour of intelligent systems with ‘machine ethics’ to ensure positive social outcomes from the development of such systems. This paper critically analyses the prospects for machine ethics, identifying several inherent limitations. While machine ethics may increase the probability of ethical behaviour in some situations, it cannot guarantee it due to the nature of ethics, the computational limitations of computational agents and the complexity of the world. In addition, machine ethics, even if it were to be ‘solved’ at a technical level, would be insufficient to ensure positive social outcomes from intelligent systems.
Upon the utility of spherical harmonic expansions in the evaluation of cluster integrals

A novel procedure for the analytic evaluation of duster integrals is given. By means of a result of Silverstone and Moats which transforms the spherical harmonic expansion of a function around a given point into a new spherical harmonic expansion around a displaced point, a 3N-dimensional cluster integral for N point particles (N > 2) may be reduced to 2N + 1 trivial integrals and N- 1 interesting integrals, an improvement over the usual reduction to six trivial integrals and 3N - 6 nontrivial integrals. For hard spheres, the N - 1 integrals involve only a series of simple polynomials taken between linear algebraic bounds.
On the Astigmatism of the Concave Grating

For light of any given wave-length, the angle of incidence on a concave grating which gives minimum astigmatism has been calculated from the general expression for the astigmatism. To obtain the maximum efficiency with a Paschen mounting, the use of two fixed slits is suggested. For the lower orders an angle of incidence of about 13° is suitable. The astigmatism in the ultraviolet is then not harmful for most purposes. It is shown that the Rowland mounting is very inefficient as far as intensity losses by astigmatism are concerned, whereas the Eagle mounting represents very nearly the optimum condition. A method is suggested to make use of the astigmatism for intensity measurements.
Linking behavior, life history and food supply with the population dynamics of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)

In this paper we review and integrate key aspects of behavioral and life history traits, food supply and population dynamics of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), a species that is abundant and widely distributed across much of eastern North America. Results are based largely on a 33-year mark-and-recapture study in a forest fragment in northwest Ohio, USA. Behavioral plasticity in such reproductive traits as mating system and parental care allows this species to adjust quickly to changing environments. The species has a relatively "fast" life history, with rapid attainment of sexual maturity and high fecundity in the face of high mortality rates. Maximal reproductive effort early in life enables a rapid population response. Food supply, in the form of mast, determines the size of the reproducing population in early spring, which, in turn, influences the size of the late summer peak population. The peak population size is also affected by short-term weather events possibly acting via the food supply. The effects of weather and food on population growth are in part mediated through competition, including defense of space and suppression of reproduction. The inelasticity of female territories appears to set an upper limit to population density.
Photosynthesis and cannabinoid content of temperate and tropical populations of Cannabis sativa

Abstract Four populations of Cannabis sativa L. grown from seeds collected in Panama, Jamaica, Nepal, and east central Illinois were grown under controlled conditions in growth chambers. One set was grown under warm conditions (32° day and 23° night) and the other set was grown under lower temperatures (23° day and 16° night). CO2 exchange and transpiration were examined under various temperatures and light intensities. Observations on growth, and analyses for chlorophyll and Δ1THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content were made. Under warm growth conditions, the central Illinois population had the highest photosynthetic rate at all temperatures investigated. The Nepal population had intermediate rates, while the Jamaica and the Panama populations had the lowest rate. The Jamaica and Panama populations had insignificant changes in photosynthetic response to changes in temperatures between 15° and 30°. Under cool growing conditions the central Illinois population had the highest rate of photosynthesis with a definite peak at 25°. Nepal plants had intermediate rates of photosynthesis, while the Panama and Jamaica populations had the lowest rate. Differences in chlorophyll and drug content were also significant between these populations. From these data it is suggested that the four populations can be grouped into different ecotypes genetically adapted to their respective environments.
Enhanced thermogenesis in the blinc of an eye.

Increasing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissue has been proposed as a strategy for combating obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Zhao et al. (2014) identify the long noncoding RNA Blnc1 as a driver of thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes.
PA28γ is a novel corepressor of HTLV-1 replication and controls viral latency.

The establishment of a latent reservoir by human tumor viruses is a vital step in initiating cellular transformation and represents a major shortcoming to current therapeutic strategies and the ability to eradicate virus-infected cells. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) establishes a lifelong infection and is linked to adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Here, we demonstrate that HTLV-1 p30 recruits the cellular proteasome activator PA28γ onto the viral tax/rex mRNA to prevent its nuclear export and suppress virus replication. Interaction of p30 with a PA28γ retaining fully functional proteasome activity is required for p30's ability to repress HTLV-1. Consistently, HTLV-1 molecular clones replicate better and produce more virus particles in PA28γ-deficient cells. These results define a unique and novel role for the cellular factor PA28γ in the control of nuclear RNA trafficking and HTLV-1–induced latency. Importantly, knockdown of PA28γ expression in ATLL cells latently infected with HTLV-1 reactivates expression of viral tax/rex RNA and the Tax protein. Because Tax is the most immunogenic viral antigen and triggers strong CTL responses, our results suggest that PA28γ-targeted therapy may reactivate virus expression from latently infected cells and allow their eradication from the host.
An efficient humanitarianism: The British slave trade debates, 1791–1792

The dominant interpretation of the British Parliamentary debates on the abolition of the slave trade is that of a melodramatic confrontation between economic self interest and Christian social ethics. But the argumentative strategies employed by the slave interest and the abolitionists were more complex than historians commonly recognize. By means of an “egoistic‐altruistic” merger, the slavers sought to link their interest with those of the British working class in order to portray abolition as a policy that would destroy the prosperity of the nation. The abolitionists, arguing that the trade was economically inefficient, endeavored to depict this “commerce” as irrational and contradictory to the desire for profit. In this manner, the abolitionists were able to undermine the slave trade's economic legitimacy.
Region of Birth and Mortality of Blacks in the United States

Analysis of black American death rates by region of birth and region of residence showed that southern-born blacks had the highest mortality rates and western-born blacks the lowest mortality rates. Blacks born in the northeast midwest and outside the U.S. had rates intermediate between southern and western-born black rates. Blacks born in one region and who died in another had age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates similar to their region of birth rather than their region of residence. Data are from the 1980 U.S. Census. (EXCERPT)
Individual Differences in Reward and Somatosensory-Motor Brain Regions Correlate with Adiposity in Adolescents

The prevalence of adolescent obesity has increased dramatically over the past three decades, and research has documented that the number of television shows viewed during childhood is associated with greater risk for obesity. In particular, considerable evidence suggests that exposure to food marketing promotes eating habits that contribute to obesity. The present study examines neural responses to dynamic food commercials in overweight and healthy-weight adolescents using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Compared with non-food commercials, food commercials more strongly engaged regions involved in attention and saliency detection (occipital lobe, precuneus, superior temporal gyri, and right insula) and in processing rewards [left and right nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)]. Activity in the left OFC and right insula further correlated with subjects' percent body fat at the time of the scan. Interestingly, this reward-related activity to food commercials was accompanied by the additional recruitment of mouth-specific somatosensory-motor cortices-a finding that suggests the intriguing possibility that higher-adiposity adolescents mentally simulate eating behaviors and offers a potential neural mechanism for the formation and reinforcement of unhealthy eating habits that may hamper an individual's ability lose weight later in life.
Molecular dissection of Ca2+ efflux in immortalized proximal tubule cells

Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger participate in regulating cell function by maintaining proper intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i). In renal epithelial cells these proteins have been additionally implicated in cellular calcium absorption. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms in cells derived from the proximal tubule. Homology-based RT-PCR was used to amplify PMCA transcripts from RNA isolated from mouse cell lines originating from the S1, S2, and S3 proximal tubule segments. S1, S2, and S3 cells exhibited only PMCA1 and PMCA4 products. PCR product identity was confirmed by sequence analysis. Northern analysis of proximal tubule cell RNAs revealed appropriate transcripts of 7.5 and 5.5 kb for PMCA1 and 8.5 and 7.5 kb for PMCA4, but were negative for PMCA2 and PMCA3. Western analysis with a monoclonal antibody to PMCA showed that all proximal cell lines expressed a reacting plasma membrane protein of 140 kD, the reported PMCA molecular mass. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) mRNA expression, analyzed by RT-PCR, protein expression by Western analysis, and functional exchange activity were uniformly absent from all proximal tubule cell lines. These observations support the idea that immortalized cells derived from the proximal tubule express PMCA1 and PMCA4, which may serve as the primary mechanism of cellular Ca2+ efflux.
Model-predictive control of hyperthermia treatments

A model-predictive controller (MPC) of the thermal dose in hyperthermia cancer treatments has been developed and evaluated using simulations with one-point and one-dimensional models of a tumor. The developed controller is the first effort in: 1) the application of feedback control to pulsed, high-temperature hyperthermia treatments; 2) the direct control of the treatment thermal dose rather than the treatment temperatures; and 3) the application of MPC to hyperthermia. treatments. Simulations were performed with different blood flow rates in the tumor and constraints on temperatures in normal tissues. The results demonstrate that 1) thermal dose can be controlled in the presence of plant-model mismatch and 2) constraints on the maximum allowable temperatures in normal tissue and/or the pulsed power magnitude can be directly incorporated into MPC and met while delivering the desired thermal dose to the tumor. For relatively high blood flow rates and low transducer surface intensities-factors that limit the range of temperature variations in the tumor, the linear MPC, obtained by piece-wise linearization of the dose-temperature relationship, provides an adequate performance. For large temperature variations, the development of nonlinear MPC is necessary.
Plastic surgical techniques in the repair of vesicovaginal fistulas: A review

A variety of plastic surgical techniques may be used in the repair of vesicovaginal fistulas. The indication for their use include: (a) diameter greater than 4 cm; (b) involvement of the bladder neck/proximal urethra; (c) radiation-induced fistulas; and (d) previous failed repair(s). In the developing world the vast majority of complex fistulas are caused by obstetric trauma; elsewhere they occur mainly following radiotherapy or radical surgery for gynecologic malignancy. The majority of complex fistulas requiring tissue donation may be effectively treated using a vaginal approach and a modified Martius graft. There is probably little or no advantage in encorporating bulbocavernosus muscle fibers in this graft. Although some concern exists regarding the long-term viability of these grafts in radiation-induced fistulas, in view of the relatively simple operative technique, together with the low associated morbidity, modified Martius grafts may be deemed suitable for first-time repairs. The gracilis muscle graft should be considered next in cases of exclusive transvaginal repair. The omental graft is undoubtedly the most versatile: it can be used in both abdominal and combined abdominovaginal procedures. The recently described posterosuperior sliding bladder flaps warrant further evaluation. For most fistulas involving the bladder neck/proximal urethra, there is no clear advantage in bladder flap reconstruction over vaginal flap reconstruction, the latter being augmented by an anti-stress incontinence procedure were appropriate. When continent urinary diversion is required, the Indiana pouch appears preferable to the Kock pouch; ureterosigmoidostomy is, however, technically and culturally more acceptable in these circumstances in the developing world.
Parents’ Perception of Skin-to-Skin Care with Their Preterm Infants Requiring Assisted Ventilation

Objective: To explore parents’ perception of skin-to-skin care with their preterm infant who is on assisted ventilation, and to elucidate factors influencing the decision to continue or discontinue skin-to-skin care. Design: Naturalistic inquiry, using open-ended, transcribed and audiotaped face-to-face and telephone interviews. Setting: Tertiary neonatal care setting and homes of parents. Participants: Eight mothers and one father who participated in skin-to-skin care. Interventions: Two 60-minute skin-to-skin care sessions. Results: Three themes emerged: (a) ambivalence of parents toward skin-to-skin care, including subthemes of yearning to hold the infant and apprehension to do so; (b) need of a supportive environment; and (c) special quality of the parent-infant interaction, including subthemes of intense connectedness and active parenting. Perceptions of apprehension, need for a supportive environment, and active parenting differed between parents who continued skin-to-skin care during their infants' hospitalization and parents who did not. Three of the four parents who discontinued skin-to-skin care in the hospital resumed when their infants were home. Conclusions: Differences in narratives of parents highlighted the importance of individualizing the skin-to-skin experience to the needs of parent and infant. Parents who resumed skin-to-skin care at home valued the experience while their infant was hospitalized but needed intervention to alleviate their apprehension, enhance their feeling of autonomy, and modify the environment.
Architecture of vagal motor units controlling striated muscle of esophagus: Peripheral elements patterning peristalsis?

Little is known about the architecture of the vagal motor units that control esophageal striated muscle, in spite of the fact that these units are necessary, and responsible, for peristalsis. The present experiment was designed to characterize the motor neuron projection fields and terminal arbors forming esophageal motor units. Nucleus ambiguus compact formation neurons of the rat were labeled by bilateral intracranial injections of the anterograde tracer dextran biotin. After tracer transport, thoracic and abdominal esophagi were removed and prepared as whole mounts of muscle wall without mucosa or submucosa. Labeled terminal arbors of individual vagal motor neurons (n = 78) in the esophageal wall were inventoried, digitized and analyzed morphometrically. The size of individual vagal motor units innervating striated muscle, throughout thoracic and abdominal esophagus, averaged 52 endplates per motor neuron, a value indicative of fine motor control. A majority (77%) of the motor terminal arbors also issued one or more collateral branches that contacted neurons, including nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons, of local myenteric ganglia. Individual motor neuron terminal arbors co-innervated, or supplied endplates in tandem to, both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers in roughly similar proportions (i.e., two endplates to longitudinal for every three endplates to circular fibers). Both the observation that vagal motor unit collaterals project to myenteric ganglia and the fact that individual motor units co-innervate longitudinal and circular muscle layers are consistent with the hypothesis that elements contributing to peristaltic programming inhere, or are “hardwired,” in the peripheral architecture of esophageal motor units.
The Slow Rise and Sudden Fall of OSHA's Ergonomics Standard

During the past two decades the number of repetitive strain injuries has grown with the spread of repetitive motion and computer-automated work in both blue-collar and white-collar sectors of the economy. These injuries now represent the leading safety and health hazard on the job, but many of them can be prevented through the science of ergonomics. Organized labor, women's groups, and committees on occupational safety and health fought for two decades to secure the ergonomics standard, but President Bush repealed it in two months. The attack on, and defeat of, the ergonomics standard was part of a larger corporate effort to discipline the labor force and limit workers' rights.
LOCALIZATION OF RIBOSOMAL DNA WITHIN OOCYTES OF THE HOUSE CRICKET, ACHETA DOMESTICUS (ORTHOPTERA : GRYLLIDAE)

A large DNA-containing body is present in addition to the chromosomes in oocytes of the house cricket Acheta domesticus. Large masses of nucleolar material accumulate at the periphery of the DNA body during the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase I. RNA-DNA hybridization analysis demonstrates that the genes which code for 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA are amplified in the ovary. In situ hybridization indicates that the amplified genes are localized within the DNA body of early prophase cells. As the cells proceed through diplotene the DNA which hybridizes with ribosomal RNA is gradually incorporated into the developing nucleolar mass.
Non-uniformities in thin-film cadmium telluride solar cells using electroluminescence and photoluminescence

It is the purpose of this research to develop specific imaging techniques that have the potential to be fast, inline tools for quality control in thin-film CdTe solar cells. Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) are two techniques that are currently under investigation on CdTe small area devices made at Colorado State University. It is our hope to significantly advance the understanding of EL and PL measurements as applied to CdTe. Qualitative analysis of defects and non-uniformities is underway on CdTe using EL, PL, and other imaging techniques.
A noisy-channel model of rational human sentence comprehension under uncertain input

Language comprehension, as with all other cases of the extraction of meaningful structure from perceptual input, takes places under noisy conditions. If human language comprehension is a rational process in the sense of making use of all available information sources, then we might expect uncertainty at the level of word-level input to affect sentence-level comprehension. However, nearly all contemporary models of sentence comprehension assume clean input---that is, that the input to the sentence-level comprehension mechanism is a perfectly-formed, completely certain sequence of input tokens (words). This article presents a simple model of rational human sentence comprehension under noisy input, and uses the model to investigate some outstanding problems in the psycholinguistic literature for theories of rational human sentence comprehension. We argue that by explicitly accounting for input-level noise in sentence processing, our model provides solutions for these outstanding problems and broadens the scope of theories of human sentence comprehension as rational probabilistic inference.
Verification of device interface hardware interconnections prior to the start of testing

This paper presents a software method that can be used to verify the integrity of the hardware interconnections between the tester and the device interface before testing any product. This technique does not require the use of any special fixtures or shorted devices. By using time domain reflectometry (TDR) values generated by the tester during calibration, and comparing those values to known good or characterized values, it is possible to predict which signal channels in the device interface are open, and the general location of the open. This information can then be used to direct an operator to correct the source of a problem before the start of testing.
Positive stone culture is associated with a higher rate of sepsis after endourological procedures

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between urine and/or stone cultures with postoperative sepsis in patients treated for renal and ureteral calculi. Three hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or ureteroscopy from 2006 to 2009 were identified, all of whom had a stone culture obtained during surgery. All had a preoperative urine culture. Two hundred and seventy-four underwent ureteroscopy and 54 PCNL. All patients had either negative preoperative urine cultures or were given preoperative antibiotics for 1-7 days prior to surgery. Stone fragments were obtained during the procedure and sent for analysis. The primary endpoint was sepsis. Of 328 patients, 3 % (11/328) developed postoperative sepsis. 73 % (8/11) had positive stone cultures, while none had a positive preoperative urine culture. 8 % (8/96) with positive stone cultures and 1 % (3/232) with negative stone cultures developed sepsis (p = 0.003). The stone culture grew the same pathogen as the urine culture obtained on readmission in 64 % (7/11) of the patients, while 9 % (1/11) of preoperative urine cultures correlated with the readmission pathogen (p = 0.02). The pathogen causing infection had a significantly higher correlation with the organism grown on stone culture than the preoperative urine culture. The patients who developed sepsis did so despite preoperative antibiotics, and the pathogen grown on the preoperative urine culture was different from that seen post operatively. These results suggest that stone culture is more informative than preoperative urine culture for determining treatment of postoperative sepsis.
Implementation of a Course Focused on Language and Literacy Within Teacher–Child Interactions: Instructor and Student Perspectives Across Three Institutions of Higher Education

Research suggests that teachers' interactions with preschool-age children have a significant influence on what children learn and the skills they develop. Additional research is needed to systematically determine the types of professional development that can help teachers learn effective teaching practices. This study is part of a larger effort to document the impact of a professional development model in which teachers learn how to implement effective teaching practices operationalized using the CLASS observation measure. A course developed by the National Center for Research on Early Childhood Education (NCRECE) was implemented in three higher education teacher preparation programs. This article describes the process of implementing the course and documents instructor and student perspectives on course delivery, content, and their learning. Results suggest that professional development in the form of a standardized course may be an effective means for presenting content related to language and literacy...
Exploring Ambidextrous Innovation Tendencies in the Adoption of Telecommunications Technologies

As the importance of information technology has increased within the business domain, so too has the significance of innovating within those information technologies. The recent proliferation of telecommunications technologies, coupled with conventional information technology, has resulted in a new class of applications with important competitive implications. An important issue for organizations, then, is the causal sequence that leads to more innovative telecommunications adoption. Previous innovation research has shown radical and incremental innovation employing vastly different strategy-structure sequence configurations. Two proposals have been offered on how an organization can effectively innovate incrementally and radically: first, through the use of semi-structures, and second, by utilizing both configurations simultaneously, termed ambidextrous. This paper seeks 1) to determine whether organizations are balancing innovation efforts, and 2) if so, are organizations managing the effort using semi-structures or an ambidextrous approach. The research is conducted within the telecommunications industry by employing theoretical typologies of radical and incremental innovation developed in the literature. Based on a sample of 154 organizations the findings suggest that organizations are indeed using a balanced approach to overall innovativeness by using paradoxical, dual models of innovation simultaneously. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed
Approximate Solutions of Types (3, 1) and (4)

A class of solutions to the Bianchi identities in linearized gravitational theory is given which includes fields which vanish asymptotically and are nowhere singular.
Kidney and Adrenal Gland

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the kidney is a valuable diagnostic modality for radiographically indeterminate mass lesions, for workup of systemic diseases, and for establishing a malignant diagnosis in nonsurgical candidates. Recent advances in imaging, interventional radiology, and cytologic ancillary techniques have enhanced the accuracy of renal FNA. Adrenal masses are a common finding in abdominal image studies. Using CT, US, and more recently endoscopic US (EUS) guidance, FNA biopsy is effective in distinguishing primary, mostly benign adrenal nodules from metastatic tumors during staging workups. It can also be used in establishing the diagnosis of some systemic infectious diseases.
Sharing and specificity of co-expression networks across 35 human tissues

To understand the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression, the GTEx Consortium generated RNA-seq expression data for more than thirty distinct human tissues. This data provides an opportunity for deriving shared and tissue-specific gene regulatory networks on the basis of co-expression between genes. However, a small number of samples are available for a majority of the tissues, and therefore statistical inference of networks in this setting is highly underpowered. To address this problem, we infer tissue-specific gene co-expression networks for 35 tissues in the GTEx dataset using a novel algorithm, GNAT, that uses a hierarchy of tissues to share data between related tissues. We show that this transfer learning approach increases the accuracy with which networks are learned. Analysis of these networks reveals that tissue-specific transcription factors are hubs that preferentially connect to genes with tissue-specific functions. Additionally, we observe that genes with tissue-specific functions lie at the peripheries of our networks. We identify numerous modules enriched for Gene Ontology functions, and show that modules conserved across tissues are especially likely to have functions common to all tissues, while modules that are upregulated in a particular tissue are often instrumental to tissue-specific function. Finally, we provide a web tool, available at mostafavilab.stat.ubc.ca/GNAT, which allows exploration of gene function and regulation in a tissue-specific manner.
Abstract IA19: Canine cancer genetics: What dogs can tell us about ourselves

The 165 domestic US dogs breeds display tremendous morphologic variation, making them an appealing model for the identification of genetic regulators of vertebrate shape and development and disease susceptibility. We have genotyped over 1000 dogs representing 85 domestic breeds to generate a reference dataset on over 60,000 informative SNPs per dog. This, combined with morphometric data has allowed us to map and sequence loci that control various features of breed-specific traits related to shape and size. In addition to helping us understand the genetics of morphologic variation, the underlying loci have also helped us understand the genetics of growth regulation. We now have a clearer sense of how variation is created in body size, leg length, head shape and other features that define various breeds of dog because of such studies. The domestic dog is also a robust model for studying the genetics of disease susceptibility as some breeds harbor an elevated risk, particularly for types of cancer, in spite of a relatively simple genetic architecture that is common to all dogs. One example of breed-specific disease propensity is squamous cell carcinoma of the digit (SCCoD), a locally aggressive cancer that frequently causes lytic bone lesions and multiple toe recurrence. SCCoD is uncommon in most dog breeds, but occurs in Schnauzers, Briards, and Standard Poodles, who are at about a 10-fold increased risk. Another cancer of interest to humans and dogs is transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, which we observe at increased risk in Scottish Terriers (22 fold increased risk), West Highland White Terriers and Shelties. A final example is histiocytic carcinoma, which is common to Flat Coated Retrievers and Bernese Mountain dogs. Advances in genomic technologies, together with valued clinical collaborations, have allowed us to undertake studies aimed at understanding the genetic susceptibility of each. Key to advancing these studies has been the availability of dense SNP chips and the ever-increasing amount of data on a variety of dog breeds. We will report on our progress on each. Citation Format: Elaine A. Ostrander. Canine cancer genetics: What dogs can tell us about ourselves. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
FEMALE DRY WEIGHT AND FEMALE CHOICE IN CHAULIOGNATHUS PENNSYLVANICUS.

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Longitudinal prediction of language emergence in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder

This study used a prospective longitudinal design to examine the early developmental pathways that underlie language growth in infants at high risk (n = 50) and low risk (n = 34) for autism spectrum disorder in the first 18 months of life. While motor imitation and responding to joint attention (RJA) have both been found to predict expressive language in children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development, the longitudinal relation between these capacities has not yet been identified. As hypothesized, results revealed that 15-month RJA mediated the association between 12-month motor imitation and 18-month expressive vocabulary, even after controlling for earlier levels of RJA and vocabulary. These results provide new information about the developmental sequencing of skills relevant to language growth that may inform future intervention efforts for children at risk for language delay or other developmental challenges.
X-ray diffraction study of the pressure-induced bcc-to-hcp phase transition in the highly magnetostrictive Fe 0.81 Ga 0.19 alloy

High-pressure x-ray diffraction measurements were performed at room temperature on single crystals of the highly magnetostrictive alloy Fe${}_{0.81}$Ga${}_{0.19}$ (galfenol). This alloy has a bcc crystal structure at ambient pressure but undergoes a bcc-to-hcp phase transition at 24 GPa on compression. A large hysteresis loop is observed in which the reversed transition occurs at 13 GPa on decompression. The midpoint of this transition is 18.5 GPa. The measured bulk modulus of this material is 182 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}17) GPa, which is comparable to that of pure iron. As with iron, the hcp structure of the alloy can be derived from a compression of the bcc lattice along [001] that is accompanied by shearing along $[1\overline{1}0]$. Our results indicate that the addition of Ga shifts the bcc-to-hcp transition from 13 GPa in pure iron to 18.5 GPa, and we speculate that this is due to the larger atomic radius of Ga. A uniaxial loading of 3 GPa completely suppresses the diffuse scattering in Fe${}_{0.81}$Ga${}_{0.19.}$ We ascertain that the magnetostrictive properties of the alloy are reduced under pressure.
Rotational spectroscopy of 2H,3H-perfluoropentane

Abstract The structure of 2H,3H-perfluoropentane, CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3, has been determine by a combination of Chirp-pulsed Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectroscopy and cavity FTMW spectroscopy. Of the four possible stereoisomers, only the enantiomeric pair (R,R)/(S,S) were observed experimentally; there was no spectroscopic evidence for the enantiomeric pair (R,S)/(S,R). The conformeric structure of the (R,R)/(S,S) stereoisomer(s) was that of partial helices with C−C−C−C dihedral angles of 12° (helical) and 1° (staggered).
Diagnostic Artificial Erection Without Corpus Cavernosum Injection

AbstractThe vacuum erection device can be used to produce an artificial erection for documentation of penile curvature. This technique is illustrated in the preoperative evaluation of a patient with Peyronie’s disease.
The Effects of a Soft Tissue Mimicking Medium and Increased Power Settings on the Location and Magnitude of Lithotripter Peak Positive Pressure

AbstractIn vitro experiments showed that a tissue mimicking medium alters the peak positive pressure (p+), focal zone properties and frequency content of shockwaves compared with their behavior in water. The reduction in (p+) ranged from 5% at 10kV. to 19% at 18.1kV., when measured at the geometric focus with the tissue mimicking medium present. As power settings were increased, the relative gain in pressure was damped by attenuation. A 2mm. shift in the acoustic focus was seen both axially and laterally with the tissue mimicking medium. While the former is probably not significant, the latter may be clinically significant given the narrow lateral beam width at the acoustic focus. These attenuation experiments suggest that clinical targeting through tissue may not be as precise or result in as high peak pressures as the clinician expects. Especially at high power settings, the depth of tissue traversed should be minimized to limit attenuation effects.
Dyssomnias and Parasomnias

The prevalence of dyssomnias and parasomnias was determined in a longitudinal study of a sample of 2223 infants born in 1997-98 in the province of Quebec, Canada, and reported from the Sleep Disorders Center, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal.
Studies on the proteins of human platelet membranes.

Isolated human platelet membranes which have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gel electrophoresis have been shown to contain a heterogeneous group of polypeptides of different molecular weight classes ranging from 10,000 to over 250,000. Three major glycoproteins have been identified in the platelet membrane. Some of the architectural relationships of the platelet membrane polypeptides were probed by analysis of the residual protein gel patterns following incubation of the intact cells with proteolytic enzymes. The membrane polypeptides in their native state in intact cells were relatively resistant to low dose Pronase digestion in contrast to the high sensitivity of the isolated membrane fragments to enzyme digestion. The membrane glycoproteins in intact cells were particularly susceptible to trypsin and papain action. Acetylcholinesterase was a readily accessible membrane constituent which was rapidly inactivated by small amounts of Pronase. N-Ethyl[14C]maleimide and [203Hg]p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate labeling of intact whole platelets revealed three major membrane polypeptides with reactive sulfhydryl groups. Isotopic labeling of one of these membrane polypeptides was partially blocked by prior incubation of washed platelets with anti-F(ab′)2 thrombosthenin fragments.
Nonverbal Messages Tell More: A Practical Guide to Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal Messages Tell More: A Practical Guide to Nonverbal Communication offers an active and dynamic approach to the study of nonverbal communication. The study of nonverbal cues and messages is a difficult undertaking, but Teri and Michael Gamble have put together a volume that approaches the field from a variety of perspectives. Nonverbal Messages Tell More bridges the relevance gap by making the text more accessible and interesting to students of all levels. It does so by highlighting examples of nonverbal behavior taken from popular culture including film, television, and broadcast and print news. This volume provides a thorough overview of the classic and contemporary research and theory for nonverbal communication. It contains a number of features, including experiential guidelines and activities that give students better self-insight and understanding of the nonverbal messages other individuals display. At the end of every chapter are a series of follow-up investigations designed to demonstrate mastery of the content and the ability to apply what was just learned. Nonverbal Messages Tell More also presents the necessary know-how for presenting oneself using nonverbal cues that encourage others to perceive you as personable and credible. It leaps ahead of other books on the subject by offering students an engaging, practical, and useful introduction to the study of nonverbal communication.
Glomus Tumor of the Toe

A glomus tumor is an uncommon, predominantly benign, neoplastic lesion that primarily involves a thermoregulatory microvascular apparatus, the glomus body. Although these lesions can occur anywhere in the body, the subungual tissue of the hand represents the most common presentation site. Glomus tumors are not often encountered in the foot. Symptoms traditionally include the classic triad of pain, pressure, and cold sensitivity. This case report describes a variant location for a glomus tumor in the subcuticular tissue adjacent to the medial middle phalanx of the second toe. The nonsubungual location for this presentation should prompt the inclusion of glomus tumor in a digital soft-tissue lesion differential diagnosis. The lesion was excised surgically and was subsequently diagnosed histopathologically as a glomus tumor.
A model of hydrology and water quality for stormwater control measures

Abstract Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are a management strategy that can reduce runoff and nitrogen (N) export from urban watersheds by creating an ecosystem that stores water and promotes N retention and removal. This work develops and explores a computer model that simulates the dynamic hydrologic and water quality processes of SCMs. Data from an SCM in Charlotte, NC was used for model calibration and validation. The hydrologic routines successfully simulated distributions of observed storm event outflow volumes and duration without calibration. Through calibration, the model reproduced observed distributions of event mean concentrations of both nitrate and ammonium in SCM outflow. Model sensitivity to varied air temperature, inflow N concentrations, and inflow volumes was determined. Scenario testing showed that deeper SCMs have greater inorganic N removal efficiencies because they have more stored volume of relatively N-deplete water, and therefore have a greater capacity to dilute relatively N-rich inflow.