cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative phase imaging of living cells with a swept laser source

Digital holographic phase microscopy is a well-established quantitative phase imaging technique. However, interference artifacts from inside the system, typically induced by elements whose optical thickness are within the source coherence length, limit the imaging quality as well as sensitivity. In this paper, a swept laser source based technique is presented. Spectra acquired at a number of wavelengths, after Fourier Transform, can be used to identify the sources of the interference artifacts. With proper tuning of the optical pathlength difference between sample and reference arms, it is possible to avoid these artifacts and achieve sensitivity below 0.3nm. Performance of the proposed technique is examined in live cell imaging.
Regeneration and reinnervation of the dystrophic mouse soleus muscle

The regeneration and reinnervation of the dystrophic mouse soleus muscle was investigated in response to a double crush-lesion, which causes degeneration of muscle fibres leaving the innervation intact. In normal and dystrophic muscles, injury produced degeneration of muscle fibres, proliferation and fusion of muscle satellite cells, and growth and reinnervation of regenerating fibres. Four, 6 and 21 days after injury, regenerating dystrophic fibres were 50% smaller in cross-sectional area than regenerating normal fibres and showed several pathological changes.
Age and Cohort Patterns of Medical and Nonmedical Use of Controlled Medication Among Adolescents.

Objectives We identified peak annual incidence rates for medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioid analgesics, stimulants, sedatives and anxiolytics (controlled medication), and explored cohort effects on age of initiation.
INVESTIGATION ON PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG ABUSERS IN WENZHOU

Objective:To explore the personality characteristics of drug abusers,and determine the high risk group of drug abuse for the purpose of drug prevention and control. Methods:Drug abusers who were doing detoxification at Wenzhou Compulsory Detoxification Center during July 2002 to August 2003 were investigated with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,and data were recorded by trained specialists. Results:The average E scores of the subjects aged 20 and 20-39 in male and 20-39 in female were lower than the norm; N scores of those aged 20 and 20-39 in male were lower but higher in the female aged 20-29. Conclusion:Drug abusers have a trend to introversion in their personality characteristics, and their psychological status seems not normal,showing unstable emotion and depression, especially in female. People with such personality are high risk group of drug abuse, which calls drug prevention education and intervention so as to control the spread of drug abuse.
A cross-sectional study on the emergency response of the center for disease control and prevention of Zhongshan city

Objective To analyze the emergency response capacity of the disease control units in the Zhongshan city, and explore the strategies to improve the operation. Method Questionnaire type survey on the organizational management, implementation of technology,resources management,disease surveillance and coordination was conducted in 26 disease control units. Results Emergency expert groups were set up in 84.62% of the units.All disease control units developed contingency plan.77.17% of the staff had the university degree or above. 56.28% of the staff was capable to perform on-site investigation.The ration between serving staff and the total population was 1.89∶10 million. The percentage of disease control units in the municipal and county area was 82.71% and 46.89%. Standard rate of project detection was 80.15% and 33.33%, respectively.46.15% of CDCs had special funds. Direct network reporting rates were 100%. 83.88% CDCs could go to investigate for the event within six hours after receiving the report. Conclusions The framework of emergency system was established in the Zhongshan city.However, there were still lack of an effective emergency plan and the system was not fully prepared. For instance, the units were not fully equipped and the funding was not sufficient.Effective measures should be adopted to strengthen the emergency capacity.
Targeting mRNAs by Engineered Sequence-Specific RNase P Ribozymes

The methods of using engineered RNase P catalytic RNA (termed as M1GS RNA) for in vitro and in vivo in trans-cleavage of target viral mRNA are described in this chapter. Detailed information is focused on (1) mapping accessible regions of target viral mRNA in infected cells, (2) generation and in vitro cleavage assay of the customized M1GS ribozyme, (3) stable expression of M1GS RNAs and evaluation of its antiviral activity in cultured cells. Using these methods, we have constructed functional M1GS ribozyme that can cleave an overlapping region of the mRNAs coding for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) capsid scaffolding protein (CSP) and assemblin in vitro. Further study has demonstrated that, in cultured human cells expressing the functional M1GS ribozyme and infected with HCMV, more than 85% reduction in the expression of CSP and assemblin and a 4,000-fold reduction in viral growth were achieved. Our study provided the direct evidence that the customized M1GS ribozyme can be used as an effective gene-targeting agent for in trans-cleavage of viral genes and inhibition of viral growth in cultured cells.
Chemical Foundations for Plastic-Based Microdevices: Chemically Modified Poly(methyl Methacrylate) and Poly(carbonate) Substrates Used in the Fabrication of Microanalytical Devices

Polymer surfaces are modified so as to control the properties of microanalytical systems constructed from such polymers using hot embossing fabrication techniques. We demonstrate here the modification of poly(methyl metacrylate), PMMA, and poly(carbonate), PC, surfaces using solution- and gas-phase methods.
Decreasing Unintended Pregnancy: Opportunities Created by the Affordable Care Act.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased access without cost to highly effective contraceptive methods, despite a legal challenge that was adjudicated by the Supreme Court, and it may help reduce unintended and teenage pregnancies.1 Unintended and teenage pregnancies are associated with delayed prenatal care, fetal exposures to tobacco and alcohol, and poorer health out-comes for newborns, as well as negative economic and social consequences for mothers and their children.2,3 Approximately 2.8 million unintended pregnancies occur in the United States each year, and, although teenage pregnancy rates have been declining for the last 2 decades, more than 430 000 pregnancies occurred among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in the United States in 2011, including nearly 124 000 among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years.4 US teenage pregnancy rates are nearly 7 times higher than rates in some developed countries, and use of highly effective long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) remains low (<5%).3 LARC, in particular, are effective methods of birth control; however, compared with other reversible methods, cost of LARC can be a barrier if not covered by insurance due to initial costs (including both the purchase of the contraceptive and administration by a provider), which can exceed $1000.5 When women are educated about LARC and provided with timely access, counseling, and follow-up without cost, they often choose and use these highly effective methods, which can be effective for 3 to 10 years, are associated with lower pregnancy rates, and may save insurers money over time.5 For example, in the CHOICE study, conducted from 2007 through 2011, 72% of 1404 adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 19 years chose a LARC method when provided with education and contraception at no cost compared with LARC usage rates lower than 5% among US teens.3 It is important for health care professionals and public health workers to educate women about the availability without cost of these highly effective methods. Clinicians should offer the full range of contraceptive services to patients who wish to delay or prevent pregnancy and work with them to select an effective and appropriate method.2 Reducing unintended pregnancy has taken on an increased urgency as the Zika virus has been linked to birth defects and is anticipated to spread to the continental United States.
Adolescent smoking cessation: A multi-level approach

To be effective, programmes for smoking cessation in schools should address two key issues. The first is that young smokers vary greatly in their readiness to quit smoking. The second is that schools differ in their ability to offer administrative support for cessation programmes. We have found that by having five programme levels to choose from, we can provide the best match for both smokers and schools. The levels are described below.
Saint or Sinner? Language-Action Cues for Modeling Deception Using Support Vector Machines

In text-based online communication, the clues available to the communicator for ascertaining the underlying intent of a message sender and discerning whether a message is deceptive are often limited to the text. Nonetheless, research has shown that it is possible to detect deception with reasonable accuracy by applying certain classification methodologies to certain observable language-action cues. This paper explores the viability of adopting support vector machines (SVMs) to develop an automated process for deception detection in computer-mediated communications (CMC). In particular, it examines the prediction accuracy of SVM models with different kernel functions on data collected from a controlled online interactive game set up on a Google + Hangout platform. The results indicate that SVM models using the radial basis function (RBF) kernel can classify the complex relationships with high accuracy between language-action cues and deception.
Network Identification Methods

Recently, network inference algorithms have grown tremendously in the field of systems biology because network identification is essential for understanding relationships between regulation mechanisms for genes, elucidating functional mechanisms underlying cellular processes, as well as identifying molecular targets for discoveries in medicines. This article provides a brief overview of different approaches used to identify biological networks and reviews recent advances in network identification.
Fathers with single parenting roles: Perspectives on strengths, concerns and recommendations

The phenomenon of single parent father families are increasing at a rapid rate in the United States along with the growth in fatherlessness in many families. This article dis­cusses the trends and societal attitudes toward single father parenthood. It reports on a study of the perceptions of single parent fathers about their strengths, concerns and rec­ommendat1ons regarding their parenting roles. The study found that they feel stressed in their roles as parents but strongly recommends educating the public and professionals on their needs and strengths. Perceptions of cultural bias and insensitivity toward single par­ent fathers were found.
A Misuse Pattern for Retrieving Data from a Database Using SQL Injection

SQL injection attacks represent a serious threat to any database-driven site and they are one of the most frequent types of attacks. We present here a misuse pattern for retrieving data from a database using SQL injection, which describes the essential and typical characteristics of this type of attack. A misuse pattern describes from the point of view of the attacker, how a type of attack or misuse is performed (what units it uses and how), looks at the selection of the methods available to the attacker, analyzes the way of stopping the attack, and describes how to trace the attack once it has happened by appropriate collection and observation of forensic data.
Neuromorphic mixed-signal circuitry for Asynchronous Pulse Processing

We demonstrate a software reconfigurable mixed-signal Printed Circuit Board (PCB) prototype and a custom mixed-signal Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) prototype of a cognitive signal processor using neuromorphic methods to perform adaptive nonlinear filtering based real-time wideband signal processing algorithms. The cognitive processor effectively implements a trending computing paradigm called Reservoir Computer (RC). Hardware implementation of the RC is achieved by a novel analog signal processor architecture called the Asynchronous Pulse Processor (APP).
Kendall's tau of frequency Hurst exponent as blackout proximity Margin

The rapid deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) can keep the smart grid in a secure and reliable state. The large amount of data collected from the power grid by PMUs requires new algorithms to detect abnormal and potentially catastrophic events. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to assess the distance to blackout or other instability of the smart grid. Based on the existence of long-range correlation in the PMU data, we exhibit an increase in the frequency Hurst exponent—quantified by Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient—before the blackout. High Kendall's tau of the frequency Hurst exponent is here proposed as an early-warning signal for blackout.
New potentiometric electrode based on ion pair complex for determination of tropicamide in pure and pharmaceutical formulations

Construction and general performance of a novel modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE) for determination of tropicamide (TPC) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations have been examined. Tropicamide-tetraphenylborate (TPC–TPB) ion pair has been prepa­red and used as electroactive material. The best MCPE electrode was composed of 7 % ion-pair, 46.5 % dioctylphthalat and 46.5 % graphite powder. The electrode shows stable potentiometric response for TPC in the concentration range 0.3–221.0 µM at 25 °C and pH range of 2.0–8.0. The electrode exhibits near Nernstian slope of 59.71±0.30 mV/decade and lower limit of detection of 0.09 µM with fast response time (less than 15 s). The selectivity of the electrode (TPC–TPB) was investigated with respect to some organic and inorganic cations. The MCPE was designed to have better mechanical resistance. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of TPC in eye drop formulation.
Coordinating multiple representations of polynomials: What do patterns in students' solution strategies reveal?

Abstract We investigate the strategies used by 64 advanced secondary mathematics students to identify whether a given pair of polynomial representations (graphs, tables, or equations) corresponded to the same function on an assessment of coordinating representations. Participants also completed assessments of domain-related knowledge and background skills. Cluster analysis of strategies by representation pair revealed patterns in the participants' strategy use. Two clusters were identifiable on tasks that required matching equations to graphs and graphs to tables. We identified overlap between these two clusters, suggesting that while the representation pair influenced strategy choice, there was also a general distinction between students who used more and less sophisticated strategies. However, students who used more sophisticated coordination strategies were similar to the others on measures of domain-specific knowledge or background skills. We consider implications for future investigations testing interventions to promote coordinating representations.
Abstract 18195: Prognostic Significance of Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Normal Ejection Fraction who are Undergoing Kidney Transplantation

Introduction: Diastolic dysfunction is frequently impaired in patients with ESRD. Our study aimed to determine whether diastolic dysfunction and echo parameters could predict mortality among kidney transplant (KT) patients who had normal pre-transplantation EF. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 703 patients with normal EF who underwent a KT at our institution from 2005-2015. Diastolic parameters including diastolic grade, left ventricular end diastolic and systolic volumes (LVEDD, LVESD), septal and posterior wall thickness, mitral E-wave, A-wave and E/A ratio were available in 381 patients with preoperative echocardiograms. Demographic and survival data were obtained from medical records. Mann-Whitney, chi-square, ROC and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analyses were performed. Results: Patients were followed up for a median duration of 3 years (IQR 1-5.4) during which period 45 deaths were recorded. The mean EF of the cohort was 62%. Except for higher LVEDD (5.3 cm vs 4.9 cm, p=0.02) and LVESD (3.7 cm vs 3.3 cm, p=0.029) in expired patients, there was no statistical difference in the aforementioned parameters between survivors and non-survivors. ROC analysis showed cut-off points for LVEDD of 5.1 cm (sen 83%, sp 57%, AUC 0.7) and LVESD of 3.4 cm (sen 83%, sp 56%, AUC 0.7). Stratification based on these points revealed a higher mortality in patients with LVEDD greater than 5.1 cm (9.9% vs 1.6%, p=0.006) and LVESD greater than 3.4 cm(9.9% vs 1.7%, p=0.007). KM analyses confirmed these findings (Figure 1A/B). Conclusions: Although diastolic grade and other parameters were not predictive of survival post KT, LVEDD and LVESD were statistically significant predictors of post-transplant survival. Our findings suggest that a dilated left ventricle portends a poor prognosis in KT. These easy-to-measure echocardiographic parameters can be used to risk-stratify patients with preserved EF who are undergoing KT.
Positive Predictive Value of ICD-9-CM Codes to Detect Acute Exacerbation of COPD in the Emergency Department

Article-at-a-Glance Background Accurate identification of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) visits by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes will help organizations monitor quality of care for this common condition. A study was undertaken to validate ICD-9-CM coding for accurate identification of AECOPD visits. Methods In a retrospective cohort study at two academic emergency departments (EDs) from July 2005 to June 2006, ICD-9-CM codes 491.2x (obstructive chronic bronchitis), 492.8 (other emphysema), and 496 (chronic airway obstruction, not elsewhere classified) in the principal diagnosis field were used to identify AECOPD visits. A random sample of 100 visits by patients age ≥ 55 years of age was selected at each institution, and cases were confirmed by chart review consensus by two emergency physicians. The case definition for AECOPD was current respiratory infection, change in cough, or change in sputum in a patient with physician-diagnosed COPD. Results On the basis of the selection criteria, 644 eligible visits were identified during the study period, and detailed chart review was performed for 200 randomly selected visits. Patients had a median age of 71 years, 50% were female, and 79% were white. Some 193 (97%) of the visits were confirmed to meet the case definition for AECOPD. Most cases were identified with the code 491.2x. All but one of the false positives were coded as 496, presumably because of lack of another billable diagnosis for these visits. Discussion In the first known chart validation of ICD-9-CM codes for identification of AECOPD visits, the proposed ICD-9-CM codes accurately identified cases of AECOPD in the ED. The study contributed to the use of these codes in the National Committee for Quality Assurance's new quality indicator for management of AECOPD.
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)

Cerebral-evoked potentials reflect the cerebral response to an external stimulus. These potentials may be either obligate responses of the brain to a specific stimulus that occur regardless of the context in which stimulation occurs (stimulus-related potentials) or endogenous responses (i.e., event-related potentials (ERPs)) that occur only when an individual is selectively attentive to a specific external event. This article focuses on the recording and clinical applications of ERPs.
The axial length/disc area ratio in anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia: a hypothesis for decreased unilateral vision associated with hyperopic anisometropia.

Abstract Objective Hyperopic anisometropia is a risk factor for amblyopia. Disc areas and axial lengths are reduced in amblyopic eyes. This study's aim was to investigate the differences in the relative size of the optic disc in 5 groups of eyes: (1) normal right eyes; (2) smaller eyes of nonamblyopic, anisometropic, bilateral hyperopes; (3) larger eyes of nonamblyopic, anisometropic, bilateral hyperopes; (4) fellow (nonamblyopic) eyes of eyes of amblyopic, anisometropic, bilateral hyperopes; and (5) amblyopic eyes of bilateral hyperopic anisometropes. To determine the relative size of the discs, the relationships of axial length to disc area in the above groups were evaluated. Design Case–control study. Participants Nine hundred twenty-seven records from the author's private practice, which included axial length measurements and optic disc photographs or digital images, were analyzed to form the 5 groups above. Methods Disc areas were measured using objective techniques developed by Bengtsson and Krakau. Axial lengths were determined by ultrasound biometry or with a Zeiss IOL Master. Main outcome measures Optic disc areas, corrected for magnification, axial lengths, and a derived ratio, axial length/disc area (AXL/DA). Results The AXL/DA for the amblyopic eyes (group 5) was significantly greater than that of all of the other groups, indicating that amblyopic eyes have discs that are both absolutely smaller and, when adjusted for eyes' size, relatively smaller than those of nonamblyopic eyes. Conclusion The relatively small size of the discs of amblyopic eyes points to an organic as opposed to a functional amblyopia in these patients.
We Always Hurt the Ones We Love

Some marriages work. Now and then, two people somehow manage to fulfill the many psychological and practical duties of marital partners with contentment and delight, remaining intimate, interdependent, and happy with each other for several straight decades. Most marriages do not work, however, especially by a criterion of unbroken bliss. The chance that a new marriage will ultimately end in divorce continues to exceed 50% in the United States (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995), but that datum unquestionably underestimates the actual base rate of distress: If one also accepts as broken those marriages in which the spouses (a) are separated but not divorced or (b) are simply miserable, the real rate of failure probably exceeds 70% (Martin & Bumpass, 1989; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995).
Formability and failure modes in Single Point Incremental Forming of Metal-Polymer Laminates

Abstract Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a sheet forming technique with several advantages compared to conventional sheet forming including low-cost and part-shape-independent tooling, and higher process flexibility. While recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of SPIF of metal-polymer-metal sandwich sheets, the effects of SPIF process parameters on formability have rarely been examined. This work examines how incremental depth, metal thickness and polymer thickness affect formability and failure modes during SPIF of adhesively bonded metal-polymer laminate sheets. It is shown that higher polymer thickness results in higher formability, but this advantage is limited by the occurrence of metal tearing and galling. Further, the mode of failure is found to depend on the metal sheet thickness and polymer sheet thickness. In laminates with thinner metal sheet only two modes of failure, delamination and metal tearing occur. In laminates with thick metal sheet galling of the polymer is also observed, in addition to the above failure modes.
Stable and unstable miscible displacement of a shear-thinning fluid at low Reynolds number

We present the results of experiments performed for the displacement of an aqueous low-concentration polymer solution that initially fills a capillary tube (diameter 1, we observe a corkscrew type instability where the wavelength increases as diffusion is diminished but requires a finite amount of diffusion to appear.
Unapproved Pharmaceutical Ingredients Included in Dietary Supplements Associated With US Food and Drug Administration Warnings.

Importance Over half of adults in the United States report consuming dietary supplements. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned of numerous dietary supplements containing undeclared, unapproved pharmaceutical ingredients. These FDA warnings have not been comprehensively analyzed for recent years. Objective To summarize trends across adulterated (containing unapproved ingredients) dietary supplements associated with a warning released by the FDA from 2007 through 2016. Design, Setting, and Participants In this quality improvement study, data were extracted from the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tainted Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements_CDER database from 2007 through 2016. Data from each warning were recorded unless multiple warnings were issued for the same product within a 6-month period. Date, product name, company, hidden ingredient(s), product category, source of sample, and warning document type were recorded for each included warning. Data analysis was conducted from February 2017 to June 2017. Results From 2007 through 2016, 776 adulterated dietary supplements were identified by the FDA and 146 different dietary supplement companies were implicated. Most of these products were marketed for sexual enhancement (353 [45.5%]), weight loss (317 [40.9%]), or muscle building (92 [11.9%]), with 157 adulterated products (20.2%) containing more than 1 unapproved ingredient. The most common adulterants were sildenafil for sexual enhancement supplements (166 of 353 [47.0%]), sibutramine for weight loss supplements (269 of 317 [84.9%]), and synthetic steroids or steroid-like ingredients for muscle building supplements (82 of 92 [89.1%]). There were 28 products named in 2 or 3 warnings more than 6 months apart. Of these products, 19 (67.9%) were reported to contain new unapproved ingredients in the second or third warning, consistent with the assumption that the FDA found the product to be adulterated more than once. In recent years (2014-2016), 117 of 303 adulterated samples (38.6%) were identified through online sampling and 104 of 303 (34.3%) were identified through the examination of international mail shipments. Conclusions and Relevance Active pharmaceuticals continue to be identified in dietary supplements, especially those marketed for sexual enhancement or weight loss, even after FDA warnings. The drug ingredients in these dietary supplements have the potential to cause serious adverse health effects owing to accidental misuse, overuse, or interaction with other medications, underlying health conditions, or other pharmaceuticals within the supplement.
Resource Allocation for Dynamic Parameter Estimation in Parallel Channels

Any sensing task is constrained by the resources that the sensor has at its disposal. For example, a radar system can only allocate a certain amount of transmit energy per unit time to track all necessary target parameters. When multiple dynamic parameters must be tracked over time, a common approach is to schedule updates at regular intervals, subject to all of the tasks assigned to the radar timeline. However, with the advent of much more agile sensors, such as all-digital apertures, it is possible to conceive of increasingly adaptive and dynamic resource allocation strategies that will yield better performance in target-dense, resource-constrained scenarios. In this study, the authors investigate adaptive resource allocation in a canonical scenario by assuming a parallel, linear channel model, and derive various allocation strategies and compare their short- and long-term performance. The authors also investigate effectiveness as a function of varying circumstances, such as varying signal-to-noise ratio and strength of the target dynamics, and relate the results to adaptive allocation strategies for phased arrays and all-digital apertures.
Density functional theory based neural network force fields from energy decompositions

In order to develop force fields (FF) for molecular dynamics simulations that retain the accuracy of ab initio density functional theory (DFT), we developed a machine learning protocol based on an energy decomposition scheme that extracts atomic energies from DFT calculations. Our DFT to FF (DFT2FF) approach provides almost hundreds of times more data for the DFT energies, which dramatically improves accuracy with less DFT calculations. In addition, we use piecewise cosine basis functions to systematically construct symmetry invariant features into the neural network model. We illustrate this DFT2FF approach for amorphous silicon where only 800 DFT configurations are sufficient to achieve an accuracy of 1 meV/atom for energy and 0.1 eV/A for forces. We then use the resulting FF model to calculate the thermal conductivity of amorphous Si based on long molecular dynamics simulations. The dramatic speedup in training in our DFT2FF protocol allows the adoption of a simulation paradigm where an accurate and problem specific FF for a given physics phenomenon is trained on-the-spot through a quick DFT precalculation and FF training.
Towards Prediction of Security Attacks on Software Defined Networks: A Big Data Analytic Approach

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) tightly integrate physical and computing processes by monitoring and control data interacting between them via underlying networks. Software Defined Network (SDN) Technology has increasingly become essential in many advanced computer networks, including those in modern CPS, to provide flexible and agile network development. Despite many benefits that SDN offers, malicious attacks that can eventually prevent network services are unavoidable. Among the most predominant attacks on SDN controller layer, Link Discovery Attack and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Spoofing Attack are fundamental in that they are the gateways of many other SDN threats and attacks. To defend these attacks, most existing techniques either rely on relatively complex data validation techniques or use thresholds that can be subjective and unable to detect more than one type of attacks at a time if one deciding factor is used. While Big data technology, particularly machine learning, has been widely used for intrusion/anomaly detection, little has been done in SDN. This paper explores how well this technology can be used to predict these SDN attacks. By employing typical machine learning algorithms on simulated data of routing in SDN when attacks occur, preliminary results, obtained from four machine learning models, show the average area under ROC curve of over 96% and 92% for sample size 50,970 (12 switches) and 60,000 (20 switches), respectively. Further experiments show near-linear scaling in training time for the best performing algorithm when sample size grows up to 100,000.
Cancer and secrecy in contemporary India

In examining the secrecy around cancer in India, I develop recent anthropological work on how practices of medical non-disclosure grow out of contextually rooted notions of care. I extend the insights of this work in rejecting the framing of non-disclosure as a sign of cultural lack. But while much of this recent literature on biomedical non-disclosure is framed as a critique of bioethics, I am concerned here with describing the complexity of the lived experience in between disclosure and non-disclosure. Paying attention to this processual nature of non-disclosure reveals how it does not operate as a binary choice between concealing and revealing, and consequently, knowing or not knowing. Instead, I argue that weaving between disclosure and non-disclosure allowed my interlocutors to inhabit the space of the ‘as-if’—of living in a subjunctive tense. Living in the subjunctive made possible brief respites from the real, even as such respite often turned out to be temporary, and the as-if never really escaped the grasp of the actual. Finally, I suggest finally that what one tells, to whom, and when reveal how the burden of cancer is distributed across social networks, vitally shaping possibilities and trajectories for cancer treatment and care.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the health sciences: Best practice methods for research syntheses

Abstract Rationale The journal Social Science & Medicine recently adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA; Moher et al., 2009) as guidelines for authors to use when disseminating their systematic reviews (SRs). Approach After providing a brief history of evidence synthesis, this article describes why reporting standards are important, summarizes the sequential steps involved in conducting SRs and meta-analyses, and outlines additional methodological issues that researchers should address when conducting and reporting results from their SRs. Results and conclusions Successful SRs result when teams of reviewers with appropriate expertise use the highest scientific rigor in all steps of the SR process. Thus, SRs that lack foresight are unlikely to prove successful. We advocate that SR teams consider potential moderators (M) when defining their research problem, along with Time, Outcomes, Population, Intervention, Context, and Study design (i.e., TOPICS + M). We also show that, because the PRISMA reporting standards only partially overlap dimensions of methodological quality, it is possible for SRs to satisfy PRISMA standards yet still have poor methodological quality. As well, we discuss limitations of such standards and instruments in the face of the assumptions of the SR process, including meta-analysis spanning the other SR steps, which are highly synergistic: Study search and selection, coding of study characteristics and effects, analysis, interpretation, reporting, and finally, re-analysis and criticism. When a SR targets an important question with the best possible SR methods, its results can become a definitive statement that guides future research and policy decisions for years to come.
Congenital Aortic Fistula and More

Congenital or newborn structural abnormalities are common. Congenital vascular lesions are common but usually venous or minor in nature. On occasion, hereditary or de novo major vascular lesions do occur. In particular, these abnormalities may involve either the aorta or the cardiac structures. When the aorta is involved, more commonly the abnormalities involve the arch and the branch origins from the aorta. These lesions may be obstructive (such as the coarctation) or fistula-type – such as the PDA – defects. There are a large number of fistulas that may develop between the aorta and the nearby structures. These include the fistula or shunts between the aorta and the cardiac structures, such as the atrium and the ventricles – as well as the venous structures such as the vena cava. A discussion of the more commonly known fistulas is herein included.
Predictors of parental disciplinary practices and associations with child outcomes among Ghanaian preschoolers

Abstract Violent discipline can have harmful effects on child development, particularly behavioral outcomes. The majority of research on the topic has been conducted in high-income countries, despite the fact that high rates of physical discipline have been documented across low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we examined three forms of disciplinary practices—physical, psychological aggression, and nonviolent—among caregivers of preschoolers in Ghana. First, we assessed how child, caregiver, and household characteristics predicted the use of disciplinary practices. Endorsement of physical discipline, having a younger child, lower caregiver education, younger caregiver age, female caregivers, and having a female child were associated with higher use of physical punishment. Household size, female caregivers, endorsement of physical discipline, and having a female child were associated with higher use of psychological aggression. Higher caregiver education and having no male in the household were positively associated with nonviolent punishment practices, while child age was negatively predictive. Second, we examined how punishment practices predicted children’s social-behavioral and academic outcomes. Physical punishment predicted lower approaches to learning and literacy skills, and nonviolent punishment predicted higher approaches to learning, social-emotional skills, and literacy skills. Third, we examined if associations of punishment and child outcomes were moderated by child age and sex. Negative associations of physical punishment with numeracy skills were larger for younger children; negative associations of psychological aggression with social-emotional skills were larger for girls.
Ethics “Beyond” Physics

In Chap. 11 it has been pointed out that interacting humans can be modeled as coupled pattern formation systems. From this point of view, the evolution of “societies” is an issue of many body physics. In particular, when taking such a many body physics perspective it follows that mass “behavior” as well as opinions and beliefs that emerge in “societies” follow deterministic laws.
Inorganic cesium-lead mixed halide perovskite p-i-n solar cells deposited using layer-by-layer vacuum deposition technique

We report on the fabrication, electronic and device properties of inorganic cesium-lead mixed halide perovskite solar cells. The p-i-n devices were deposited using a layer-by-layer technique, where alternate layers of cesium bromide and lead iodide were deposited using vacuum deposition. The p-heterojunction layer was PTAA and the n-heterojunction layer was PCBM. It was discovered that in order to achieve the correct stoichiometry and get the best device performance, the individual thicknesses of each of the layers had to be small (4 nm and 6 nm respectively). Multiple stacks of alternating layers made up the device, with the total thickness of the perovskite to be about 400 nm.After deposition, the films were annealed at different temperatures to allow for diffusion and formation of the stoichiometric perovskite layer. It was found that when the individual layers were thin(e.g. 4 and 6 nm), one could obtain the stoichiometric perovskite by annealing at 250°C for 3 minutes, whereas thicker layers (e.g. 20 nm CsBr and 30 nm PbI2) needed annealing at higher temperatures (~350°C). The best devices were obtained by using thin alternating layers. The devices showed a voltage of 1.2 V, a current density of 12 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of 70% for a device efficiency of ~10%. Quantum efficiency spectroscopy showed a bandgap of 1.9 eV and sub-gap quantum efficiency revealed an Urbach energy of valence band tails to be ~20 meV.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN PATIENT SELECTION AND OUTCOMES OF SEPTAL REDUCTION THERAPIES FOR OBSTRUCTIVE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN THE UNITED STATES

Septal myectomy (SM) and alcohol septal ablation (ASA) are the septal reduction therapies for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and severe symptoms. There are only limited data on sex differences in patient selection and outcomes of these procedures. We analyzed the
Building a Clinically Relevant Risk Model: Predicting Risk of a Potentially Preventable Acute Care Visit for Patients Starting Antineoplastic Treatment

PURPOSETo create a risk prediction model that identifies patients at high risk for a potentially preventable acute care visit (PPACV).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe developed a risk model that used electro...
The London Frame of Mind in Born in Exile

Despite the obvious intellectual heft of Born in Exile, it has not attained the same eminence in the Gissing canon as New Grub Street. One challenge that the novel presents is the inextricability o...
THE EFFECT OF LONELINESS AND NOSTALGIC ADVERTISING ON MOBILE SHOPPING INTENTION: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Factors influencing mobile shopping intention have been discussed very frequently in the literature. However, the effect of psychological reasons like loneliness on mobile shopping intention has received little attention in the consumer behaviour literature. Especially, there is a dearth of studies regarding how lonely consumers respond to mobile shopping intention when exposed to nostalgic advertising. Grounded on the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT), this article conceptualizes that lonely consumer when exposed to nostalgic advertising may enter the flow state and eventually engage in mobile shopping. Consistent with prior literature, the authors consider four distinct dimensions of advertising-evoked personal nostalgia: past imagery, positive emotions, negative emotions, and physiological reactions. Marketers face considerable challenges when appealing to lonely consumers to engage in mobile shopping. This article provides a framework to aid marketers to successfully develop marketing strategies to engage lonely consumers in mobile shopping. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Keywords: Loneliness, Nostalgic Advertising, Mobile Shopping Intention.
Complete Revascularization in Patients With STEMI and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Is It Beneficial?

Multivessel coronary artery disease is usually present in up to 50% of patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The optimal revascularization approach for non-infarct related lesions has been a topic of recent debate. Various observational studies and clinical trials have been conducted to assess the impact of multivessel revascularization. In this review, we aim to present the currently available evidence behind the different revascularization strategies. Early observational studies, registry-based analyses, and meta-analyses had suggested a benefit of culprit only revascularization over complete revascularization. However, in several recent randomized clinical trials, a complete revascularization approach for non-infarct-related lesions, either during the index hospitalization or as a staged approach, has been associated with improved outcomes. These findings exclude patients with cardiogenic shock and chronic total occlusions. Clinical decisions regarding the extent and timing of revascularization in STEMI patients necessitate an individualized, patient-oriented approach. Based on the evidence from recent clinical trials, complete revascularization of non-culprit lesions in STEMI should be considered.
A high performance hierarchical caching framework for mobile edge computing environments

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been in the forefront recently for its ability to supplement cloud computing. MEC servers are deployed closer to the users at the network edge in order to reduce the latency and computation load on the cloud. Edge caching plays a dominant role in the MEC paradigm. Popular content is cached in the MEC nodes thereby reducing user access latencies. However, the cache capacity of MEC nodes are limited and therefore efficient caching mechanisms are required to make optimum utilization of MEC node caches. In this work we propose a novel, scalable, hierarchical size and access frequency aware caching policy for mobile edge computing. Our experiments show that the policy outperforms traditional caching policies at the cloud and is scalable with the next generation of workloads in MEC environments.
Stabilization of the Simplest Criegee Intermediate from the Reaction between Ozone and Ethylene: A High-Level Quantum Chemical and Kinetic Analysis of Ozonolysis

The fraction of the collisionally stabilized Criegee species CH2OO produced from the ozonolysis of ethylene is calculated using a two-dimensional (E, J)-grained master equation technique and semiclassical transition-state theory based on the potential energy surface obtained from high-accuracy quantum chemical calculations. Our calculated yield of 42 ± 6% for the stabilized CH2OO agrees well, within experimental error, with available (indirect) experimental results. Inclusion of angular momentum in the master equation is found to play an essential role in bringing the theoretical results into agreement with the experiment. Additionally, yields of HO and HO2 radical products are predicted to be 13 ± 6% and 17 ± 6%, respectively. In the kinetic simulation, the HO radical product is produced mostly from the stepwise decomposition mechanism of primary ozonide rather than from dissociation of hot CH2OO.
Neutralizing charged-up spacecraft

The problem of spacecraft charging is examined. The mechanism by which a spacecraft acquires a charge with respect to the ambient space environment is discussed. Methods used to avoid spacecraft dysfunction due to charging, including the use of electron and ion emitters, adequately conducting surfaces, and dielectric materials with high secondary-emission coefficients, are described. Special attention is given to the development, in the context of the Scatha program, of a computerized model which will allow the calculation of spacecraft potential for a given set of conditions.
Action of a Fluoranthene-Utilizing Bacterial Community on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Components of Creosote

Cultures enriched by serial transfer through a mineral salts medium containing fluoranthene were used to establish a stable, seven-member bacterial community from a sandy soil highly contaminated with coal tar creosote. This community exhibited an ability to utilize fluoranthene as the sole carbon source for growth, as demonstrated by increases in protein concentration and changes in absorption spectra when grown on fluoranthene in liquid culture. Biotransformation of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was verified by demonstrating their disappearance from an artificial PAH mixture by capillary gas chromatography. When grown on fluoranthene as the sole carbon source and subsequently exposed to fluoranthene plus 16 additional PAHs typical of those found in creosote, this community transformed all PAHs present in this defined mixture. After 3 days of incubation, 13 of the original 17 PAH components were degraded to levels below the limit of detection (10 ng/liter). Continued incubation resulted in extensive degradation of the remaining four compounds. The ability of this community to utilize a high-molecular-weight PAH as the sole carbon source, in conjunction with its ability to transform a diverse array of PAHs, suggests that it may be of value in the bioremediation of environments contaminated with PAHs, such as those impacted by creosote.
On the Metal Abundance of Giants in the Draco Dwarf Galaxy — Preliminary Results of a Spectroscopic Survey

Spectrophotometry observations (resolution 8A) have been obtained for nine Draco giants with the IIDS scanner on the KPNO 4 m telescope. A preliminary analysis using K-line equivalents widths shows an order of magnitude range in metal abundance: from +0.5 to -0.5 with respect to [Fe/H] of the giants in M92. The giants of Zinn’s B branch are more metal-poor than those on his A branch but the difference is larger than he deduced.
"Autism-plus" Spectrum Disorders: Intersection with Psychosis and the Schizophrenia Spectrum

Patients are often encountered clinically who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and also have symptoms suggestive of a comorbid psychotic disorder. A careful assessment for the presence of comorbid disorders is important. However, the core deficits seen in ASD, in social reciprocity, communication, and restricted behaviors and interests, can be mistaken for psychosis. Also, there is a subset of patients who present with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that cross diagnostic categories. This article reviews the connections between ASD and psychosis, and highlights the key points to consider in patients who present with these "autism-plus" disorders.