cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Load Forecasting for Residual Reduction and Economic Dispatch Using PJM Datasets

This paper discusses preliminary results obtained using auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and exponential smoothing (ES) forecasting methods for loads in 11 regions of PJM Interconnection. The datasets used to predict day-ahead loads include demand values in both 24-hour and 30-day format for 2016 calendar year for multiple (e.g., 11 regions) areas. The accuracy of forecasting is evaluated using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) parameters. An economic dispatch was then carried using a linear programming formulation in Algebraic Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) environment. The preliminary results indicate ARIMA outperforms ES for both 24-hour and 30-day to predict day-ahead forecasting.
Big data analysis for smart manufacturing

This chapter presents big data types, collection, characteristics, and potential benefits in manufacturing. The emerging paradigm of smart manufacturing creates and uses data and information throughout the product life cycle with the goal of rapid manufacturing of new products, dynamic response to product demand, and real-time optimization of manufacturing production and supply chain networks. Smart manufacturing has the potential to fundamentally change how products are designed, manufactured, supplied, used, remanufactured, and eventually retired. Smart manufacturing utilizes big data analytics, to refine complicated processes and manage supply chains. Big data analytics refers to a method for gathering and understanding large data sets in terms of velocity, variety, and volume. Data mining in manufacturing involves five common classes of tasks: Concept description, Classification, Clustering, Prediction and Association. The application of big data can overcome one of the biggest challenges for manufacturing process optimization, that is, the identification of the relationship between process conditions and product quality.
Clinical Ethicists Awakened: Addressing Two Generations of Clinical Ethics Issues Involving Undocumented Patients.

Because the United States has failed to provide a pathway to citizenship for its long-term undocumented population, clinical ethicists have more than 20 years of addressing issues that arise in car...
Parallel Mesh Generation

Parallel mesh generation is a relatively new research area between the boundaries of two scientific computing disciplines: computational geometry and parallel computing. In this chapter we present a survey of parallel unstructured mesh generation methods. Parallel mesh generation methods decompose the original mesh generation problem into smaller sub-problems which are meshed in parallel. We organize the parallel mesh generation methods in terms of two basic attributes: (1) the sequential technique used for meshing the individual subproblems and (2) the degree of coupling between the subproblems. This survey shows that without compromising in the stability of parallel mesh generation methods it is possible to develop parallel meshing software using off-the-shelf sequential meshing codes. However, more research is required for the efficient use of the state-of-the-art codes which can scale from emerging chip multiprocessors (CMPs) to clusters built from CMPs.
Rakove, Jack N. A Politician Thinking: The Creative Mind of James Madison: Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2017. 226 pages. $29.95 (hardcover).

Most scholars would agree with Jack Rakove that James Madison was “America’s leading constitutional theorist” (5). Madison’s contributions to American political thought include his famous Federalis...
You Talkin’ to Me? A Practical Attention-Aware Embodied Agent

Most present-day voice-based assistants require that users utter a wake-up word to signify that they are addressing the assistant. While this may be acceptable for one-shot requests such as “Turn on the lights”, it becomes tiresome when one is engaged in an extended interaction with such an assistant. To support the goal of developing low-complexity, low-cost alternatives to a wake-up word, we present the results of two studies in which users engage with an assistant that infers whether it is being addressed from the user’s head orientation. In the first experiment, we collected informal user feedback regarding a relatively simple application of head orientation as a substitute for a wake-up word. We discuss that feedback and how it influenced the design of a second prototype assistant designed to correct many of the issues identified in the first experiment. The most promising insight was that users were willing to adapt to the interface, leading us to hypothesize that it would be beneficial to provide visual feedback about the assistant’s belief about the user’s attentional state. In a second experiment conducted using the improved assistant, we collected more formal user feedback on likability and usability and used it to establish that, with high confidence, head orientation combined with visual feedback is preferable to the traditional wake-up word approach. We describe the visual feedback mechanisms and quantify their usefulness in the second experiment.
Association of electronic medical record (EMR) QTc alerts with higher mortality within 10 days for patients with blood, lung, GI, and soft tissue cancer.

235Background: Patients with cancer receive many prescriptions associated with QTc interval prolongation. Prognostic implications of drug-induced QTc interactions are unknown. EMR's regularly gener...
When Is User Involvement Not User Involvement

(1997). When Is User Involvement Not User Involvement?. Information Strategy: The Executive's Journal: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 40-45.
The Peaceful Resolution of Territorial Disputes dataset, 1945–2015:

This article introduces the Peaceful Resolution of Territorial Disputes (PRTD) dataset, covering all interstate territorial disputes (1945–2015). Our dataset captures proposals for the peaceful res...
Computed Tomography for Abdominal Pain: Do Radiology Reports Answer the Clinical Question?

Rationale and Objectives To assess whether abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) radiology reports directly address a cause for pain when pain is included in the scan indication. Materials and Methods Four hundred and ninety-five random abdominopelvic CT reports containing “pain” in the indication were retrospectively reviewed. The position of pain descriptors within the indication, the presence of an oncology-related indication in addition to pain and whether a cause for pain was addressed in the impression were recorded. Linguistic analysis of indication and impression sections was performed. Comparisons between reports that addressed pain and those that did not were conducted using Chi-square, Fisher exact, and two-tailed t-tests. Results A cause for pain was addressed in 454 of 495 (91.7%) report impressions. Indications with both oncology-related and pain-related descriptors were less likely to have pain directly addressed (χ2 (1, N = 495) = 16.4, p Conclusion Radiologists at our institution consistently addressed a cause for pain on abdominopelvic CTs when pain was in the indication. However, oncology patients who also had an indication of pain were less likely to have a cause for pain addressed. Impression complexity was high for all reports, though higher in those where pain was addressed.
Optimization of Pediatric Bowel Management Using an Antegrade Enema Troubleshooting Algorithm.

Abstract Background A successful flush is the ability to flush through the appendicostomy or cecostomy channel, empty the flush through the colon, and achieve fecal cleanliness. We evaluated our experience with patients who were having flush difficulties based on a designed algorithm. Methods Eight patients with flush difficulties were initially evaluated. Based on the need for additional surgery versus changes in bowel management therapy (BMT), we developed an algorithm to guide future management. The algorithm divided flush issues into before, during, and after flushing. Children aged Results After algorithm creation, 29 patients were evaluated for flush issues. The median age was 8.4 y (interquartile range: 6, 14); 66% (n = 19) were men. Underlying diagnoses included anorectal malformations (n = 17), functional constipation (n = 7), Hirschsprung's disease (n = 2), spina bifida (n = 2), and prune belly (n = 1). A total of 35 flush issues/complaints were noted: 29% before the flush, 9% during the flush, and 63% after the flush. Eighty percent of issues before the flush required surgical intervention, wherease 92% of issues during or after the flush were managed with changes in BMT. Conclusions Most flush issues respond to changes in BMT. This algorithm can help delineate which types of flush issues would benefit from surgical intervention and what problems might be present if patients are not responding to changes in their flush regimen.
Parametric Analysis of the Effect of Engine Speed and Load on the Hydrodynamic Performance of the Lubricant in Diesel Engine

The oil consumption in an internal combustion engine is an important source of pollution and particulate emissions, main efforts are done by the manufacturers to reduce to the maximum the impact of the oil consumption on the emissions of the engine, and to satisfy the increasingly rigorous standards of pollution. The losses by friction due to piston ring friction explain 20 % of the total mechanical losses in internal combustion engines. A reduction in piston ring friction would therefore result in higher efficiency, lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions. The goal of this study is to develop a numerical method by using of GT-Suite software to analyze the influence of engine speed and engine load during the working cycle on oil film thickness, frictional force, power losses. Our predicted results were validated with the experimental data of a previous study, and they have shown a good agreement. The results in the current analysis demonstrated that the engine speed and load have a remarkable effect on oil film thickness, friction force and friction power losses between the top ring and cylinder liner. So, it would help in reducing friction as well as making a contribution towards the improvement of engine performance such as torque, efficiency and fuel consumption.
Fairness in Networks: Social Capital, Information Access, and Interventions

As ML systems have become more broadly adopted in high-stakes settings, our scrutiny of them should reflect their greater impact on real lives. The field of fairness in data mining and machine learning has blossomed in the last decade, but most of the attention has been directed at tabular and image data. In this tutorial, we will discuss recent advances in network fairness. Specifically, we focus on problems where one's position in a network holds predictive value (e.g., in a classification or regression setting) and favorable network position can lead to a cascading loop of positive outcomes, leading to increased inequality. We start by reviewing important sociological notions such as social capital, information access, and influence, as well as the now-standard definitions of fairness in ML settings. We will discuss the formalizations of these concepts in the network fairness setting, presenting recent work in the field, and future directions.
Culture and Politics in Contemporary China: A Cultural-Rhetorical Analysis of Xi Jinping’s Three Speeches in 2019

Culture is an essential factor influencing the way the leader of a nation speaks to their people in order to achieve political persuasion and reinforce their political power. In this chapter, I focus on the cultural elements embedded in three speeches delivered by China’s President Xi Jinping in 2019. I propose that Xi’s speeches have embraced Confucian values of putting people first as well as inheritng the political rhetoric of Maoism characterized by victimization, nationalism, and the promise of a better life. Specifically, I analyze how the classical and modern cultural and political elements have been adopted by Xi in his speeches and are used as rhetorical appeals to convince his audience. I contend that Xi aims to boost the Chinese people’s self-confidence and build the nation’s trust in him and his Party’s China leadership at a critical juncture when China is increasingly perceived as an economic, technological, and military threat to the Western world and its neighboring countries.
Functional and immunological peculiarities of peripheral nerve allografts

This review addresses the accumulating evidence that live (not decellularized) allogeneic peripheral nerves are functionally and immunologically peculiar in comparison with many other transplanted allogeneic tissues. This is relevant because live peripheral nerve allografts are very effective at promoting recovery after segmental peripheral nerve injury via axonal regeneration and axon fusion. Understanding the immunological peculiarities of peripheral nerve allografts may also be of interest to the field of transplantation in general. Three topics are addressed: The first discusses peripheral nerve injury and the potential utility of peripheral nerve allografts for bridging segmental peripheral nerve defects via axon fusion and axon regeneration. The second reviews evidence that peripheral nerve allografts elicit a more gradual and less severe host immune response allowing for prolonged survival and function of allogeneic peripheral nerve cells and structures. Lastly, potential mechanisms that may account for the immunological differences of peripheral nerve allografts are discussed.
Investigations into SCAMP5, a candidate lupus risk gene expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Objective We have investigated the molecular function of SCAMP5, a candidate risk gene for SLE exclusively expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) among peripheral leucocytes. Methods We tested the independence of the association in SCAMP5 with SLE by performing conditional analyses. We profiled the expression pattern of SCAMP5 among circulating leucocytes at the transcript and protein levels. Using lentiviral vectors, we localised the subcellular distribution of SCAMP5 alongside the interferon secretory pathway. We analysed pDCs for the expression of SCAMP5 and interferon production capacity by SCAMP5 genotype. Finally, we examined pDC-specific SCAMP5 isoforms by total RNAseq analysis and examined for genotype-associated quantitative differences therein. Results A conditional analysis revealed evidence of an independent genetic association of SCAMP5 with SLE. Among circulating leucocytes, SCAMP5 is uniquely expressed in pDCs at the transcript and protein levels, with main presence in the Golgi apparatus and minor presence at the cell periphery. In live cells, SCAMP5 displayed dynamic Golgi-cell surface trafficking and localised with the interferon secretory pathway. SCAMP5 did not differ in expression levels in pDCs between genotyped donors; however, a transient interferon secretory defect was noted in pDCs from donors carrying the risk genotype. Conclusions SCAMP5 constitutes a novel SLE risk gene on the basis of genomic data and expression in a cell type widely implicated in SLE pathogenesis. While we could not find evidence of quantitative expression differences in SCAMP5 between genotyped donors, SCAMP5 remains an attractive gene to explore given its highly restricted expression pattern and colocalisation with interferon secretion.
Electronic structure of HgBa2CaCu2O6+ delta epitaxial films measured by x-ray photoemission.

The valence electronic structure and core levels of Tl2Ba2CuO(6 + delta) (Tl-2201) epitaxial films have been measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and are compared to those of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O(8 + delta) (Tl-2212). Changes in the Tl-2201 core-level binding energies with oxygen doping are consistent with a change in the chemical potential. Differences between the Tl-2201 and Tl-2212 measured densities of states are consistent with the calculated Cu 3d and Tl 6s partial densities of states.
Ionic conditions modulate stimulus-induced capacitance changes in isolated neurohypophysial terminals of the rat

Peptidergic nerve terminals of the neurohypophysis (NH) secrete both oxytocin and vasopressin upon stimulation with peptide-specific bursts of action potentials from magnocellular neurons. These bursts vary in both frequency and action potential duration and also induce in situ ionic changes both inside and outside the terminals in the NH. These temporary effects include the increase of external potassium and decrease of external calcium, as well as the increase in internal sodium and chloride concentrations. In order to determine any mechanism of action that these ionic changes might have on secretion, stimulus-induced capacitance recordings were performed on isolated terminals of the NH using action potential burst patterns of varying frequency and action potential width. The results indicate that in NH terminals: (1) increased internal chloride concentration improves the efficiency of action potential-induced capacitance changes, (2) increasing external potassium increases stimulus-induced capacitance changes, (3) decreasing external calcium decreases the capacitance induced by low frequency broadened action potentials, while no capacitance change is observed with high frequency un-broadened action potentials, and (4) increasing internal sodium increases the capacitance change induced by low frequency bursts of broadened action potentials, more than for high frequency bursts of narrow action potentials. These results are consistent with previous models of stimulus-induced secretion, where optimal secretory efficacy is determined by particular characteristics of action potentials within a burst. Our results suggest that positive effects of increased internal sodium and external potassium during a burst may serve as a compensatory mechanism for secretion, counterbalancing the negative effects of reduced external calcium. In this view, high frequency un-broadened action potentials (initial burst phase) would condition the terminals by increasing internal sodium for optimal secretion by the physiological later phase of broadened action potentials. Thus, ionic changes occurring during a burst may help to make such stimulation more efficient at inducing secretion. Furthermore, these effects are thought to occur within the initial few seconds of incoming burst activity at both oxytocin and vasopressin types of NH nerve terminals.
Toward Automatically Deducing Key Device States for the Live Migration of Virtual Machines

The ability of migrating running virtual machines (VMs) in cloud environment provides significant benefits in dynamic resource load balancing and higher fault tolerance. The migration of a virtual machine consists of both the application/OS memory state migration and virtual hardware device state migration. Failures in the either of these two may lead to unpredictable behavior of the running VM. Previous researches have focused on the consistence of the application/OS memory state. In this paper, we inspect the migration of device states, which are also essential for the success of VM live migration. The current practice of defining device states is done by the developers of each virtual device and thus is prone to errors. We present an approach that automatically deduces what states are critical for a virtual device. Having the precise states defined is critical for the success of VM live migration.
O-theory. A probabilistic alternative to fuzzy set theory

A hybrid uncertainty theory is developed to bridge the gap between fuzzy set theory and Dempster-Shafer theory. Its basis is the Dempster-Shafer formalism, which is extended to include a complete set of basic operations for handling uncertainties in a set-theoretic framework. The new operator theory, O-Theory, retains the probabilistic flavor of Dempster's original point-to-set mappings but includes the potential for defining a range of operators like those found in fuzzy set theory.
Recombinant human mast cell tryptase beta: stable expression in Pichia pastoris and purification of fully active enzyme

Human mast cell tryptase beta (EC 3.4.21.59) is a trypsin-like serine protease that is stored in and released from mast cell granules. This enzyme has been expressed in Pichia pastoris via homologous recombination of the cDNA coding for the mature active tryptase with the addition of a KEX 2 processing site into the Pichia genome. Cells producing recombinant human tryptase (rHT) were selected by screening with antibodies. Induction with methanol resulted in the secretion of rHT into the Pichia growth medium; tryptase activity was stabilized by the addition of heparin to the culture medium. Increasing levels of enzyme were detected in the medium for up to 3 days. Fully active enzyme was purified from the culture medium with a 100% yield of activity via a simple two-step procedure, with hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by affinity chromatography on immobilized heparin. Bands of 33 (faint), 34.2, 35.9 and 50 kDa (diffuse) were observed on SDS/PAGE. These multiple forms were due to differences in post-translational glycosylation of asparagine residues, because enzymic deglycosylation resulted in only one band at 33 kDa. A single symmetrical peak with an estimated size of 197 kDa was obtained on gel filtration. Kinetic analyses in comparison with native human lung mast cell tryptase (HLT) yielded similar Km values, but the kcat of rHT was more than twice that of HLT.
Primary dural lymphoma: Complete remission after treatment with radiation therapy

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in sarcoidosis is rare and typically occurs in 5-10% of patients. Neurological symptoms in a patient with known sarcoidosis can be attributed to neurosarcoidosis without thorough evaluation. Primary Dural Lymphoma (PDL) is an extremely rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although PDL is technically a subtype of primary CNS lymphoma, the two entities vary markedly in their histological grade, clinical course, prognosis and treatment. The most common dural- based lesion found on CNS imaging is meningioma. It shares many imaging, clinical and epidemiologic features of PDL which often leads to misdiagnosis of PDL as meningioma. We present a case where a PDL was diagnosed after CNS symptoms failed to resolve after steroid therapy for presumed neurosarcoidosis.
Silver-coated carbon nanotubes downregulate the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes: a potential mechanism for their antimicrobial effect

The antimicrobial activity of silver-coated carbon nanotubes (AgCNTs) and their potential mode of action against mucoid and nonmucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in vitro. The results showed that AgCNTs exhibited antimicrobial activity against both strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations of approximately 8 µg/mL, indicating a high sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to AgCNTs. AgCNTs were also bactericidal against both strains at the same minimum inhibitory concentration. Scanning and transmission electron-microscopy studies further revealed that a majority of the cells treated with AgCNTs transformed from smooth rod-shape morphology to disintegrated cells with broken/damaged membranes, resulting in leakage of cytoplasmic contents to produce ghost cells. The molecular effects of AgCNTs on P. aeruginosa genes involved in virulence and pathogenicity, stress response, and efflux pumps were evaluated for changes in their expression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that after exposure to AgCNTs, the expression levels of the rpoS, rsmZ, and oprD genes were significantly downregulated in both strains of P. aeruginosa compared to the untreated samples. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of AgCNTs may be attributed to their effect on cell-membrane integrity, downregulation of virulence-gene expression, and induction of general and oxidative stress in P. aeruginosa.
Information search in judgment tasks: The effects of unequal cue validity and cost

Abstract : The broad question addressed by this research is: How good are humans at balancing the costs and benefits of their information acquisition? Do they buy those, and only those, sources of information whose acquisition cost is outweighed by the improvement in decision quality that their use makes possible? The evidence reported here, together with that reviewed earlier, suggests that the answer is not encouraging. Specifically, the present findings extend those noted earlier in suggesting: (1) That the pattern of overpurchase for low-consequence decisions, and underpurchase for high-consequence decisions, is robust to variation in overall cue validity, as well as to procedural modifications such as manual versus computer-interactive transactions (Experiment 1). (2) That overpurchase is frequently coupled with mispurchase (Experiments 2 & 3). That is, subjects, in addition to buying overall more information than was normatively justified, frequently bought expensive cues when cheap, equally-valid ones were available (Experiment 2), or low-validity cues when higher-validity, equally-costly cues were available (Experiment 3). (3) That subjects perceive equally-valid cues as of differential validity (Experiments 1 & 2), and are able to detect real validity differences between cues reliably only when the differences are large (Experiment 3). Purchase behavior is generally shaped by these perceptions of validity, whether well-founded or not, though the relationship disappears when equally-valid cues are offered at different costs (Experiment 2).
The Role of Culture and Language in Determining Best Practices

Health care service delivery and clinical research need to accommodate the specialized needs of diverse populations. Unfortunately, the degree to which the health care system and research institutions respond to this challenge is driven by funding incentives and legal mandates, rather than by consumers' needs. Recently, the increased focus on ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities has resulted in policy changes that direct more attention to minority health issues. For example, an Executive Order on “Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency” issued by the White House on August 11, 2000, resulted in written guidelines being provided, by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, to clinicians to ensure language assistance for persons with limited English skills.1 In fact, even the term “minority health” has been challenged since we are quickly becoming a minority-majority country.
The electron charge distribution in V3Si

Abstract The electron charge distribution in a martensitically transforming single- crystal of V 3 Si in the superconducting state has been obtained from accurate X-ray diffraction measurements. The most significant differences between the electron density maps at room temperature and below the superconducting transition are the disappearance of the bond between the Si atom and the V-V bond on a chain at the lower temperature and the appearance of two anisotropic rings around each V-V bond at 13.5 K. By comparing our results with various physical properties, we conclude that, on cooling, V 3 Si begins to anticipate a martensitic transformation at about 130 K even though this transformation does not actually occur before ∼ 21 K.
Intragonadal regulation of follicular maturation.

Overview MANY excellent reviews have appeared that summarize follicular development from the perspective of gonadotropin-induced follicular differentiation and steroid secretion (1–3). Nevertheless, the process of selection and dominance of an ovulatory follicle during each ovarian cycle remains poorly understood. In this review, we will focus primarily on the role of intragonadal substances in the regulation of follicular maturation. Since previous summaries considered the topic of follicular maturation with respect to prostaglandins (4), insulin, somatomedins (5), relaxin (6, 7), lipoproteins (8), and GnRH (9, 10), further consideration of these topics will not, in general, be repeated here. Rather, we will review the growing body of data emanating from experiments using predominantly follicular tissue and cells from the monotocous primate, cow, mare, and ewe as well as the polytocous sow and rat that address the intraovarian regulation of folliculogenesis.
The Tri-Mediation Model of persuasion

In this paper, the effects of positive versus negative (political) advertising are modelled. The findings show that positive as well as two different types of negative advertising will lead viewers to formulate specific attitudes towards the brand (sponsor). However, the manner in which these attitudes are formed will be affected by ad type and argument strength. It was found that under strong message argument conditions, negative attack ads may lead to more positive evaluations of the sponsoring candidate, whereas under weak message argument conditions, direct comparison ads may be superior.In developing this model to include the effects of negative appeals, the traditional Dual Mediation Model of persuasion is redefined. The author demonstrates that a peripheral cue (attitude towards the ad) can have an impact on the central route to persuasion by fostering message acceptance not only in regard to the sponsor of the advertisement but also in regard to a competitor. The resultant Tri-Mediation Model of p...
On Parameter Invariance in Linear Control Systems

Parameter invariance problem for linear systems solved by obtaining necessary and sufficient conditions for invariance in optimal control systems
An improved method for the isolation of lobster lectins

Abstract A new method for the purification of lectins from lobster hemolymph by using affinity chromatography is described. Significant amounts of two lectins, one specific for sialic acid and the other specific for N-acetylgalactosamine can be prepared using this procedure.
Orbital Velocities Induced by Surface Waves

During the third intensive observational period of the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment (SWADE), an aircraft-based experiment was conducted on 5 March 1991 by deploying slow-fall airborne expendable current profilers (AXCPs) and airborne expendable bathythermographs (AXBTs) during a scanning radar altimeter (SRA) flight on the NASA NP-3A research aircraft. As the Gulf Stream (GS) moved into the SWADE domain in late February, maximum upper-layer currents of 1.98 m/s were observed in the core of the baroclinic jet where the vertical current shears were O(10(exp -2)/s). The SRA concurrently measured the sea surface topography, which was transformed into two-dimensional directional wave spectra at 5-6-km intervals along the flight tracks. The wave spectra indicated a local wave field with wavelengths of 40-60 m propagating southward between 120 deg and 180 deg, and a northward-moving swell field from 300 deg to 70 deg associated with significant wave heights of 2-4 m. As the AXCP descended through the upper ocean, the profiler sensed orbital velocity amplitudes of 0.2-0.5 m/s due to low-frequency surface waves. These orbital velocities were isolated by fitting the observed current profiles to the three-layer model based on a monochromatic surface wave, including the steady and current shear terms within each layer. The depth-integrated differences between the observed and modeled velocity profiles were typically less than 3 cm/s. For 17 of the 21 AXCP drop sites, the rms orbital velocity amplitudes, estimated by integrating the wave spectra over direction and frequency, were correlated at a level of 0.61 with those derived from the current profiles. The direction of wave propagation inferred from the AXCP-derived orbital velocities was in the same direction observed by the SRA. These mean wave directions were highly correlated (0.87) and differed only by about 5 deg.
Comparison of antiviral and antitumor activity of activated macrophages

Abstract The antiviral and antitumor activity in vitro of normal, stimulated, vaccinia virus “immune”, and activated peritoneal macrophages were compared. Activated (pyran or corynebacteria induced) PEC exhibited both antitumor and antiviral activity. Stimulated (thioglyocollate) and vaccinia virus “immune” PEC inhibited virus growth but did not possess antitumor activity. Normal (unstimulated) PEC were relatively ineffective in either activity. The antiviral activity was nonspecific, being expressed against herpes simplex and EMC viruses in addition to vaccinia. Although a possible role for interferon was suggested by the lack of activity of mouse PEC on vaccinia virus growth in heterologous FLK cells, definitive proof was not obtained. The activity was most pronounced against multiple cycles of viral infection initiated at a low multiplicity of infection. Single cycle virus growth was not affected, suggesting that the major inhibition was on subsequent cycles of virus growth.
Re-tweeting the Ayatollah

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the sudden emergence of official government voices using social media as their first platform for communication creates new opportunities to understand how those voices are influenced and by whom. Design/methodology/approach – The article examines some recent examples of social media use by government entities from around the world, particularly the Middle East. Findings – This examination of social media use by government entities suggests that this usage provides significant clues about what government leaders are paying attention to. The social media outputs from these sources creates for the first time a unique signature of what these leaders react to and also how the various publics to whom they speak react to their utterances. Research limitations/implications – By virtue of the small sample size of the examples reviewed, the findings are of necessity subjective opinion. Practical implications – If in fact, this social media “exhaust” from governmental sources continue to grow, companies and organizations for whom the evolution of government opinion is important will be able to gather fresher and powerful insights into public policy and views. Originality/value – Cyberspace continues to offer an ever expanding set of data tracking both the opinions and behaviors of various community stakeholders. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the viewpoint presented in this article is among the first to examine the ramifications of the shift to social media by government leaders from around the world.
Association of white matter hyperintensities and gray matter volume with cognition in older individuals without cognitive impairment

Both presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and smaller total gray matter volume on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common findings in old age, and contribute to impaired cognition. We tested whether total WMH volume and gray matter volume had independent associations with cognition in community-dwelling individuals without dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used data from participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Brain MRI was available in 209 subjects without dementia or MCI (mean age 80; education = 15 years; 74 % women). WMH and gray matter were automatically segmented, and the total WMH and gray matter volumes were measured. Both MRI-derived measures were normalized by the intracranial volume. Cognitive data included composite measures of five different cognitive domains, based on 19 individual tests. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, and education, were used to examine the relationship of logarithmically-transformed total WMH volume and of total gray matter volume to cognition. Larger total WMH volumes were associated with lower levels of perceptual speed (p 0.10). Smaller total gray matter volumes were associated with lower levels of perceptual speed (p = 0.013) and episodic memory (p = 0.001), but not with the other three cognitive domains (all p > 0.14). Larger total WMH volume was correlated with smaller total gray matter volume (p < 0.001). In a model with both MRI-derived measures included, the relation of WMH to perceptual speed remained significant (p < 0.001), while gray matter volumes were no longer related (p = 0.14). This study of older community-dwelling individuals without overt cognitive impairment suggests that the association of larger total WMH volume with lower perceptual speed is independent of total gray matter volume. These results help elucidate the pathological processes leading to lower cognitive function in aging.
Proteomic profiling of rat thyroarytenoid muscle.

Purpose Proteomic methodologies offer promise in elucidating the systemwide cellular and molecular processes that characterize normal and diseased thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. This study examined me...
Proximal myopathy induced by 5-HT-imipramine simulates Duchenne dystrophy.

IT has recently been observed that patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have a significant defect in the uptake of serotonin (5-HT) into platelets1, raising the possibility that a defect in the metabolism of biogenic amines may be important in the pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle lesions of this disorder. If monoamines such as 5-HT or norepinephrine (NE) which are dependent on the intracellular enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO), have a diminished ability to reach this site of metabolism, increased tissue levels of these compounds could result and produce skeletal muscle damage. The effect of such a defect would be enhanced in skeletal muscle as catechol-O-methyltransferase, the alternative pathway for metabolism of biogenic amines, is absent from this tissue2. Support for this hypothesis of skeletal muscle damage is found in the observation that skeletal muscle from biopsies of Duchenne dystrophy patients has shown the presence of an abnormal intrafibrillar fluorescence (Falck-Hillarp technique) presumed to be a monoamine-like substance3. Furthermore, injection of the MAO inhibitor, pargyline, results in a myopathy with evidence for accumulation of monoamines4. The pargyline induced myopathy, however, has serious limitations as a model for Duchenne dystrophy, as the lesions are limited to the soleus muscle and, furthermore, MAO activity has been found to be normal in patients with DMD (ref. 1).
Multi-zone simulation of the bridgman growth process of β-NiAl crystal

Abstract A computational model has been developed for the Bridgman growth process of β-NiAl crystal. The model accounts for heat transfer in the whole furnace system, including the encapsulated fluid between the heater and the ampoule, conjugate heat transfer around and within the ampoule, and phase change dynamics between melt and crystal. To handle the geometrical and physical complexities of the crystal growth processes, a two-level approach has been developed. At the global furnace level, combined convection/conduction/radiation calculations with realistic geometrical and thermal boundary conditions are made inside the whole system. Refined calculations are then made within the ampoule, with the boundary conditions supplied by the global furnace simulations. The present multi-level model can help improve the predictive capabilities for crystal growth techniques by optimizing the use of the computing resources; it allows one to probe the effects of different physical and geometrical variables on the crystal quality.
Maintenance of the Ability of Rat Pituitary Homotransplants To Secrete TSH by Transplantation Under the Hypothalamic Median Eminence

Pituitaries from 8- to 23-day - old donors transplanted under the median eminence of hypophysectomized hosts enabled the hosts to produce thyroid hypertrophy nearly equal to that of intact controls when propylthiouracil was fed for 14 days. Transplants slightly to one side of the central median eminence but in contact with the hypothalamus generally supported normal testicular size and structure but did not permit thyroid hypertrophy in response to propylthiouracil administration. It is concluded that pituitary transplants are capable of secreting near-maximal amounts of TSH if they are in direct contiguity with the hypothalamic median eminence. TRF (thyrotropin- releasing factor) cannot reach the adenohypophysis through the general circulation in sufficient quantity to cause TSH secretion equal to that produced by transplants directly under the median eminence. (Endocrinology 78: 389, 1966)
Effect of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors on Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Arterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular prognostic factor and is modulated by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). The authors performed a meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating the effects of ACEIs on pulse wave velocity (PWV) or augmentation index. The search included randomized clinical trials as well as uncontrolled studies that measured in-treatment changes in arterial stiffness. The authors performed separate analyses for carotid-femoral PWV, brachioradial PWV, and augmentation index. Average absolute and relative reduction in mean arterial pressure and PWV were -15.4 mm Hg and -13.04% and -1.15 m/s and -9.74% for carotid-femoral PWV studies; and -11.2 mm Hg and -9.3% and -1.9 m/s and -16.7% for brachioradial PWV studies. There was a greater reduction in augmentation index by ACEIs when compared with controls (-1.0% to -5.3%). The authors conclude that ACEIs have modest beneficial effects on arterial stiffness measured as PWV and augmentation index, and this effect is at least partly independent of changes in blood pressure.
CONGREGATIONAL EDUCATION: SHAPING THE CULTURE OF THE LOCAL CHURCH1

Abstract Building on the author's experience in leadership development in Roman Catholic parishes and recent work in the field of congregational studies, this essay examines the religious educator's role as a catalyst in the transformation of the culture of the local church. As an alternative to an instructional/schooling approach to religious education, the paper proposes a model of congregational education directed specifically to the transformation of the corporate life of the faith community by its members working together to reshape concrete behaviors, structures, and roles in order to carry out the church's mission and ministry. This argument is developed through a discussion of foundational assumptions about the significance of congregational life for the church's educational mission and a brief case study illustrating central dynamics in the process of congregational education. The paper concludes with observations about the range of skills required of congregational educators, especially their ab...
Intervention to improve compliance with pediatric anticonvulsant therapy

Daily anticonvulsant drug therapy is the major treatment of seizure disorders. Compliance with the prescribed therapy is essential but not always achieved. Among 201 pediatric seizure clinic patients taking phenobarbital and phenytoin, 70 (35%) were judged noncompliant on at least one medication. The mothers of these patients were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. An educational intervention in the form of a mothers' group discussion led by the clinic social worker was tested. On follow-up, medication compliance in the intervention group was judged significantly greater than that of the control group.
The viscoelastic behaviour of networks

Studies of relaxation in rubbery networks reveal a variety of behaviours. In experiments on networks with labelled junctions, whereby the motion of the crosslink site is specifically monitored, the segmental relaxation function broadens with increasing crosslink density, accompanied by a larger activation energy. Such results are well-described by theory. The more usual experiment simply measures bulk relaxation, without discriminating among different relaxing entities. For networks, crosslinking introduces a distribution of relaxation behaviours, related to the proximity of a moiety to the junctions. The resulting inhomogeneously broadened relaxation function is difficult to analyse; nevertheless, a heightened sensitivity to temperature (larger activation energy) is observed, from which inferences can be made regarding the shape of the segmental relaxation function. Crosslinking also influences the viscoelastic spectrum at times longer than that associated with local segmental relaxation, in a manner consistent with ideas based on constraint dynamics.
The year in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), which comprises unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTE-MI), accounted for approximately 1.7 million discharges (primary or secondary diagnoses) from U.S. hospitals in 2002, with NSTE-ACS accounting for
Automatic spectral compensation of an audio system operating with a random noise input

A set of 80 filters is used to divide a random noise input spectrum of an audio system into 25 cps increments. An identical set operating as a spectrum analyzer provides a similar function on the system output. By means of an automatic regulating system using solid-state electronics, each of the 80 loops is closed independently, thus providing a unique control system compensating the audio system spectrum and equalizing disturbing resonance phenomena. This method has been successfully applied to the control of a vibration system spectrum where mechanical resonances at the exciter table produce high Q peaks and notches. The degree of spectral flatness reveals that adequate compensation is possible for typical resonance phenomena occurring over a wide frequency range.
A model of W Virginis with RV Tauri characteristics.

Nonlinear calculation methods for model representing W virginis, noting rapid amplitude growth and luminosity-to-mass ratio
UNESCO: Bridging Three World-Systems?

(2006). UNESCO: Bridging Three World-Systems? European Education: Vol. 38, Post-Cold War Studies in Education (I), pp. 82-94.
Tetrahydroquinoline glucocorticoid receptor agonists: Discovery of a 3-hydroxyl for improving receptor selectivity

We have previously disclosed a series of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands derived from 6-indole-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines through structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the pendent C6-indole ring. In parallel with this effort, we now report SAR of the tetrahydroquinoline A-ring that identified the importance of a C3 hydroxyl in improving GR selectivity within a series of non-steroidal GR agonists.
EVIDENCE FOR ECOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION IN LUPINUS-ASSOCIATED RHIZOBIUM

SUMMARY In the vascular flora of the main rock-soil system known as serpentine south of Mt. Stuart of the Wenatchee Mountains of the Cascade Range (Washington, USA), leguminous species, such as members of the genus Lupinus, are rare. Populations of Lupinus laxiflorus, L. lepidus var. lobbii, and L. polyphyllus were investigated. These species occur also on non-serpentine soils. The serpentine and non-serpentine populations therefore may be regarded as edaphic ecotypes. One of the main questions is whether the effect of serpentine soil is reflected in the physiology of N-fixing Rhizobium lupini. The root systems of the three species are nodulated. There are no indications that serpentine populations have fewer root nodules than non-serpentine populations. Bacteroids of R. lupini are present in all the nodules. The strains of R. lupini all fix atmospheric nitrogen, but as compared to commercially available strains, their effectiveness is variable and in general low. Serpentine and non-serpentine strains do not differ materially. The available evidence indicates that strains of R. lupini differ physiologically, presumably in consonance with their edaphically differentiated host species, as far as nickel and magnesium are concerned. It is therefore unlikely that the rarity of Lupinus-species on serpentine soil types is determined by the growth peculiarities of R. lupini under the prevailing habitat conditions.