cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Factors Influencing Helping: The Effects of a Handicap, Responsibility, and Requesting Help

Summary The effects of the severity of a handicap, S's responsibility for the confederate's (C) condition, a request for help, and sex of S were tested with 120 adult Anglo-American males and females in a shopping center. As predicted, Ss who saw the C with a bandage around his forearm helped him pick up more envelopes than those who saw him with an eyepatch and facial scar (p < .05), and more people helped the C pick up envelopes in the bandage condition than in either the scar or a no handicap control condition (p < .01). Ss who were led to feel responsible for the C's dropping the envelopes gave more help, as predicted (p < .05), as did male Ss (p < .05), but a request for help had no apparent effect. The results were consistent with a theory that any handicap increases sympathy for a person but that a disfiguring one also reduces his attractiveness, with helping decreasing as the severity of the handicap increases.
Correlation of Aortic Valve Area Obtained by the Velocity-Encoded Phase Contrast Continuity Method to Direct Planimetry using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease resulting in surgical intervention. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) utilizing the continuity equation is commonly used to determine aortic valve area (AVA). However, sometimes TTE can be limited by poor acoustic windows, heavy valvular calcification, or eccentric jet morphology. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides an alternative non-invasive method for the evaluation of AVA using direct planimetry. Prior studies have shown good correlation between CMR and other modalities, such as TTE, TEE, and cardiac catheterization. CMR can also assess AVA by using the continuity equation employing velocity-encoded phase contrast (VEPC) imaging. We sought to assess whether velocity-encoded phase-contrast MRI can provide an alternate means of quantifying AVA by CMR. Methods: Twenty-two consecutive AS patients were imaged with CMR. AVA was determined by VEPC imaging and by direct planimetry. Results: Mean AVA by planimetry was 1.05 ± 0.41cm 2 and 1.00 ± 0.4 cm 2 by VEPC, with a strong correlation (R 2 = 0.86, p < 0.0001) between the two methods. The mean difference of AVA was 0.05 ± 0.15 (95% CI = [0.02 − 0.08]), and the limits of agreement were −0.26 to 0.36 cm 2 . The mean difference between 2 observers for planimetry was 0.030 ± 0.07 (95% CI = [0.02−0.04]) with limits of agreement of −0.11 to 0.16 cm 2 and for VEPC was 0.008 ± 0.085 (95% CI = [−0.01−0.026]) with limits of agreement of −0.16 to 0.18 cm 2 . Conclusions: VEPC CMR is an alternative method to di
Self-triggered stabilization of homogeneous control systems

Digital implementations of feedback laws commonly consider periodic execution of control tasks. In this paper we go beyond the periodic model by developing self-triggered schedules for the execution of control tasks. These schedules guarantee asymptotic stability under sample-and-hold implementations while drastically reducing processor usage when compared with the more traditional periodic implementations. At the technical level the results rely on a homogeneity assumption on the continuous dynamics and extend to the self-triggered framework some of the advantages of event-triggered implementations recently studied by the authors. The results presented in this paper can be seen as an effort towards understanding the real-time scheduling requirements of control tasks.
A Story Located in “Shoulds” Toward a Productive Future for Qualitative Inquiry

This piece identifies several directions that I believe scholars engaged in qualitative inquiry ought to pursue. I offer a list of “shoulds” to argue that qualitative scholars would benefit by priv...
Closed and open source neuroimage analysis tools and libraries at UNC

The emergence of open-source libraries and development tools in the last decade has changed the process of academic software development in many ways. In medical image processing and visualization this change is especially evident, also because open source projects are actively furthered by grant funding institutions. This manuscript presents the use of such development tools and libraries at the UNC Neuro-Image Analysis Laboratory for open source applications and tools. We have also experienced in our research that the development of open source in academics raises the issue of access to unpublished methodology. The strategy at our laboratory is to combine all in-house libraries and applications into a single repository that consists of two parts: a fully open source part that is distributed under a Berkley-style license and a private, closed source part with unpublished tools and methods. Access to the open source part is unrestricted, whereas the private parts can only be downloaded via cvs user login. This setup solved our issues regarding unpublished methodology, as migration from the private to the open source part is very simple. Overall our experience with this development environment within the academic setting is very positive.
A criterion for guaranteed closed loop simulation stability

The general problem of closed loop real-time simulation is discussed. It is shown that the simulation must be designed not only for the open-loop system but also for the controller in the loop in order to maintain stability while still allowing for a maximal time step. Several methods of guaranteeing closed-loop stability for a simulated system with hardware in the loop are discussed. No one method is claimed to be the solution to the general problem of closed-loop simulation stability. Rather, they are intended to serve as additional tools for the simulation engineer. >
Mo1678 Classification of Indeterminate Pancreaticobiliary Strictures Pre- and Post-Biliary Stenting by Probe-Based Confocal LASER Endomicroscopy

transit time (MTT). The findings were compared with pathological/cytological results or long time of follow up. Results: To eliminate patient and exam-related factors, such as interactions of the contrast agent with anticoagulants, stenoses in vessels, and changes in heart rate and heart time volume, etc. CH-EUS was performed in 26 patients with a solid lesion in pancreas (16 carcinomas, 9 chronic pancreatitis, and 1 solid pseudopapillary tumor) with certain pathological/cytological results or follow up over 2 years and 5 patients with normal pancreas. Accordingly, for subsequent analyses, only the differences between the lesion and the normal pancreatic tissue of each patient were used. In CH-EUS, the malignant tumor was relatively hypointense compared to the surrounding pancreatic tissue, resulting in consistently positive values in difference of IMAX( IMAX IMAXnormal-IMAXtumor). The TTP was, on average, 36 seconds longer in PDACs than in the normal tissue, while in CP the TTP was similar or only a few seconds longer than in the normal tissue. And the RT in cancerous lesions was significantly longer than in healthy pancreas and non-cancerous lesions. With the use of quantification software, as in our study, this visual impression can thus be detected and measured with a sensitivity that is unachievable with subjective visual impressions alone. Conclusions: Contrast quantification software supplements a subjective visual assessment with objective criteria to facilitate the differential diagnosis of focal lesions in pancreatic cancer and non-cancerous lesions of pancreas, and needs further investigation. Values of the Characteristic Parameters of the Time-Intensity Curve Measured in the Normal Pancreas, and in suspicious lesions of pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and SPPT of the pancreas
Relationship Religiosity, Adult Attachment Styles, and Courtship Violence Experienced by Females

This study assesses the association between adult attachment styles, religiosity, and courtship violence as experienced by females. The sample was composed of 299, 18 to 24-year-old females attending junior level Human Development and Family Studies courses at a midwestern state university. Statistical analyses evaluated interactional effects and mean-level differences for both victimization and perpetration of courtship violence. Additionally, structural equation models were generated. Results indicate significant relationships between adult attachment styles and religiosity on reports of victimization from intimate partners. In general, the results suggest that females with low religiosity and insecure attachment styles report experiencing more courtship violence than females reporting high religiosity and secure attachment styles. The analyses also provide support for a multidimensional conceptualization of religiosity. Indicators of `relationship' religiosity were more strongly linked to lower reports of courtship violence than personal and private relationship measures. The findings suggest that future studies evaluating the effects of religiosity on courtship violence should include measures of `relationship’ religiosity.
BlackjackBench: portable hardware characterization

DARPA's AACE project aimed to develop Architecture Aware Compiler Environments that automatically characterizes the hardware and optimizes the application codes accordingly. We present the BlackjackBench -- a suite of portable benchmarks that automate system characterization, plus statistical analysis techniques for interpreting the results. The BlackjackBench discovers the effective sizes and speeds of the hardware environment rather than the often unattainable peak values. We aim at hardware characteristics that can be observed by running standard C codes. We characterize the memory hierarchy, including cache sharing and NUMA characteristics of the system, properties of the processing cores affecting instruction execution speed, and the length of the OS scheduler time slot. We show how they all could potentially interfere with each other and how established classification and statistical analysis techniques reduce experimental noise and aid automatic interpretation of results.
The Book of Beetles: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred of Nature's Gems Patrice Bouchard (ed.)

The Book of Beetles: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred of Nature's Gems Patrice Bouchard (ed.) 2014; 656 pages, 2,400 color plates The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL ISBN: 978-0-226-08275-2 $55.00 (hardcover) ![Graphic][1] In a phrase, I really like this book. In fact, this book would be fantastic at twice or thrice the asking price! My colleague Derek Sikes of the University of Alaska Museum posted an apt description of the book on Amazon.com, where he noted, “I know a thing or two about beetles and this book is incredible. It's almost as if you're being given a private tour of one of the world's most diverse beetle collections by those who know the most about these fascinating animals.” Although 656 pages and 2,400 color plates cannot begin to capture the immense biological diversity of the Coleoptera—in form, taxonomic richness, or natural history—the meticulous work of the contributing authors is more than apparent. Their compendium features beautiful, high-resolution photographs of museum specimens, complemented by carefully made distribution maps, refined line drawings, scaled “actual size” images, and just enough text. These elements make paging through the The Book of Beetles a treat, and a trip around the world well worth taking. With just shy of 400,000 described species of Coleoptera and … young{at}entomology.wisc.edu [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Stabilizing interactions between D666-S1787 and T657-Y1792 at the A2-A3 interface support factor VIIIa stability in the blood clotting pathway

Essentials Factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) is unstable due to loss of A2; D666 and Y1792 contribute to its stability. We conducted a study to identify the interactions made at these residues at the A2-A3 interface. We present evidence for stabilizing interactions between D666-S1787 and T657-Y1792 in FVIIIa. A D666C/S1788C variant with a disulfide A2-A3 linkage has a FVIIIa decay rate that is 1% of wild-type. SummaryBackground Factor (F)VIIIa activity and stability depends on the non-covalent association of the A2 subunit with the A1/A3C1C2 dimer, but the interactions that contribute to A2 association are not well defined. Previous work had shown that D666A and Y1792F mutations at the A2-A3 interface resulted in increased FVIIIa decay, suggesting that the residues were involved in bonding interactions important for FVIIIa stability. Objectives Several potential hydrogen bonding partners of D666 and Y1792 across the A2-A3 interface were selected from the low-resolution FVIII crystal structure, and we used mutagenesis and biochemical analysis to examine the bonding interactions occurring at D666 and Y1792. Methods Using a series of stability and functional analyses, we analyzed FVIII variants in which D666 and Y1792 were each swapped with the residues of potential bonding partners. Results and conclusions We present evidence for hydrogen bonds between D666 and S1787 and between Y1792 and T657 that are important for FVIIIa stability. D666S/S1787D and T657Y/Y1792T variants each displayed wild-type (WT)-like FVIIIa stability and performed like WT FVIII in a series of functional analyses, whereas D666S, S1787D, and Y1792T single variants showed increased FVIIIa decay and a T657Y variant had little FVIIIa activity. These results suggest that WT hydrogen bonds are disrupted with the single mutations but maintained in the swap variants. Furthermore, mutation of D666 and S1788 to cysteine resulted in disulfide bond formation across the A2-A3 interface, confirming the close proximity of D666 and S1787, and this covalent attachment of the A2 subunit significantly increased FVIIIa stability.
King v. Burwell: Averting the Affordable Care Act's demise

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (“ACA”) is a landmark law dedicated to achieving widespread, affordable health care. In the five years since its passage, the ACA has faced two near-death experiences. The first was the 2012 Supreme Court case of National Federation of Independent Businesses [NFIB] v. Sebelius. The second came just three years later, in 2015, with the Supreme Court case King v. Burwell. In both cases, Chief Justice John Roberts was the ACA’s unlikely rescuer, drafting both majority opinions.
Shared Control between Human and Machine: Using a Haptic Steering Wheel to Aid in Land Vehicle Guidance

When humans interface with machines, the control interface is usually passive and its response contains little information pertinent to the state of the environment. Usually, information flows thro...
A comparative study of activity levels in larval anurans and response to the presence of different predators

Activity level is a key behavioral trait in many animals which mediates a trade-off between finding food and avoiding predation. Optimal activity level will therefore depend on environment, and plasticity in response may increase fitness (if an organism encounters multiple environments in a lifetime). One group in which activity level, and its relationship to foraging and predation risk, has been well studied is larval anurans. Anurans inhabit a range of distinct freshwater aquatic community types that are created by differences in pond permanency and top predator. Species segregate across these pond types and therefore tadpoles from different species encounter different selection regimes. I hypothesized that species from different pond types would therefore differ in activity behavior, and in plasticity of this behavior. I tested this in a phylogenetic framework to consider the evolution of plasticity in anurans diversifying into different pond types. Time spent active was quantified for larvae of each of 13 anuran species (from three taxonomic families) in four conditions: when no predator was present, and in the non-lethal presence of a dragonfly, newt, or fish predator. Species nested within pond type by taxonomic family differed significantly in time spent active. A significant interaction between predator treatment and taxonomic family was also observed. A phylogenetic analysis of change in behavior revealed strong positive correlations in evolution of these behaviors and suggests constraints on the ability of larval anurans to independently modify activity levels in the presence versus absence of predators.
A new approach for three-phase flows

We present here a new model to describe three-field patterns or three-phase flows. The basic ideas rely on the counterpart of the two-fluid two-pressure model which has been introduced in the DDT framework, and more recently extended to water-vapour simulations. We show the system is hyperbolic without any constraining condition on the flow patterns. A detailed investigation of the structure of the Riemann problem is achieved. Regular solutions of the whole are in agreement with physical requirements on void fractions, densities and internal energies for a rather wide class of equations of state. Even more, this approach enables to perform computations of standard single pressure three-phase flow models, using relaxation techniques and coarse meshes. A few computational results confirm the stability of the whole approach.
Infectious Diseases of the Newborn Infant

Numerous microorganisms may infect and cause disease in newborns.Occasionally, bacterial infection leads to neonatal sepsis, in which the vague clinical signs complicate diagnosis.Most clinically important congenital infections are caused by viruses. Infections in which viruses have been recovered include a condition similar to toxoplasmosis, diarrhea, disease due to the Coxsackie group B viruses, and a type of hepatitis.The epidemic stuffy, nose syndrome in premature infants appears to be caused by the interaction of a virus and a bacterium. Physicians must be familiar with the manifestations of infection in newborns in order to institute diagnostic studies and therapy immediately.
Study of Sensor Compensation Algorithm Based on Elman Neural Network

In order to eliminate the impact of sensor in LWD due to temperature,humidity and other non-target impact parameters,to improve the accuracy and stability of LED,the Elman neural network is used,using LM algorithm to train it,then its application is described in LWD inclinometer sensor compensation.Simulation results show that the iterative error accuracy is 10-7,improved four orders of magnitude,improving the measurement accuracy and stability.The method of compensation is faster than other methods and has good effect and can be applied to other types of sensor compensation.
LabVIEW DSP Integration

A digital signal processing (DSP) system designed in LabVIEW can be placed entirely or partially on a hardware platform. This chapter discusses the implementation process on DSP hardware platform, which consists of a TMS320C6713 or TMS320C6416 DSK board. It also discusses the LabVIEW toolkit DSP Test Integration for TI DSP. Communication between LabVIEW and a C6x DSK board is often achieved by using a real-time data exchange (RTDXTM) feature of the TMS320C6x DSP. This feature allows exchanging data between a DSK board and a PC host without stopping program execution on the DSP side. This data exchange is done either via the joint test action group (JTAG) connection, or the universal serial bus (USB) port. The implementation or integration of a DSP system on a hardware platform is made possible by using the LabVIEW toolkit DSP Test Integration. This DSP Test Integration for TI DSP toolkit provides a set of VIs, which enable interfacing between LabVIEW and Code Composer Studio. The virtual instruments (VIs) provided in this toolkit are categorized into two groups —code composer studio (CCS) Automation and CCS Communication. The VIs in the CCS Automation group allows automating the CCS code execution process through LabVIEW. However, VIs in the CCS Communication group allows exchange of data through the RTDX channel. It is essential to match data types and data formats in LabVIEW and CCS in order to establish a proper LabVIEW DSP integration.
Free Functioning Gracilis Muscle Transfer versus Intercostal Nerve Transfer to Musculocutaneous Nerve for Restoration of Elbow Flexion after Traumatic Adult Brachial Pan-Plexus Injury.

BACKGROUND After complete five-level root brachial plexus injury, free functional muscle transfer and intercostal nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve are two potential reconstructive options for elbow flexion. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of free functional muscle transfer versus intercostal nerve-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfers with respect to strength. METHODS Sixty-two patients who underwent free functional muscle transfer reconstruction or intercostal nerve-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfer for elbow flexion following a pan-plexus injury were included. The two groups were compared with respect to postoperative elbow flexion strength according to the British Medical Research Council grading system; preoperative and postoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire scores. RESULTS In the free functional muscle transfer group, 67.7 percent of patients achieved M3 or M4 elbow flexion. In the intercostal nerve-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfer group, 41.9 percent of patients achieved M3 or M4 elbow flexion. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Changes in Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire scores were not statistically significant. Average time from injury to surgery was significantly different (p < 0.01) in both groups. The number of intercostal nerves used for the musculocutaneous nerve transfer did not correlate with better elbow flexion grade. CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, gracilis free functional muscle transfer reconstruction achieves better elbow flexion strength than intercostal nerve-to-musculocutaneous nerve transfer for elbow flexion after pan-plexus injury. The role of gracilis free functional muscle transfer should be carefully considered in acute reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
Summary of Isentropic Compression Experimentsperformed with High Explosive Pulsed Power

One-dimensional isentropic compression experiments (ICE) have been performed over the last few years at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) using a High Explosive Pulsed Power (HEPP) system. Accurate, high pressure, isentropic Equations of State (EOS) data have been obtained for copper and tungsten. A number of important issues have been identified, such as: magnetic field (B-field) uniformity; sample-to-sample B-field uniformity; sample size constraints; the maximum stress before shock-up; and accuracy. The results for tungsten show non-ideal elastic to plastic transition features, but an experimental isentrope that is close to theoretical values.
PrEP Awareness, Familiarity, Comfort, and Prescribing Experience among US Primary Care Providers and HIV Specialists

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was FDA approved in 2012, but uptake remains low. To characterize what would facilitate health care providers' increased PrEP prescribing, we conducted a 10-city, online survey of 525 primary care providers (PCPs) and HIV providers (HIVPs) to assess awareness, knowledge, and experience with prescribing PrEP; and, comfort with and barriers to PrEP-related activities. Fewer PCPs than HIVPs had heard of PrEP (76 vs 98%), felt familiar with prescribing PrEP (28 vs. 76%), or had prescribed it (17 vs. 64%). PCPs were less comfortable than HIVPs with PrEP-related activities such as discussing sexual activities (75 vs. 94%), testing for acute HIV (83 vs. 98%), or delivering a new HIV diagnosis (80 vs. 95%). PCPs most frequently identified limited knowledge about PrEP and concerns about insurance coverage as prescribing barriers. PCPs and HIVPs differ in needs that will facilitate their PrEP prescribing. Efforts to increase PrEP uptake will require interventions to increase the knowledge, comfort, and skills of providers to prescribe PrEP.
Major Fetal Malformations: Reality and Potential of Sonar Prenatal Diagnosis

Sonographic diagnosis of fetal malformations have been made with increasing frequency. While in some instances clinical suspicions led to sonography and subsequent prenatal diagnosis, in others fetal malformations were found coincidentally during sonographic examination.
Abstract 2064: GSK3 regulation of Mcl1 and beta catenin involves I kappa B alpha

Recently we demonstrated that the gene NFKBIA is deleted in most of the nonclassic sub types of Glioma. We have also shown that the over-expression of NFKBIA causes sensitization of the cancer cells towards various chemotherapeutic agents. We further extended our study to investigate the mechanism behind this chemo-sensitization by using temazolamide and and BAY 11-7082. We used two glioma cell lines U251, LN229 and one breast cancer cell line MDAMB231. Very interestingly we found that over expression of NFKBIA itself results in the down regulation of two major anti apoptotic proteins Mcl1 and Bcl-XL respectively. Next we treated the cells with Temozolamide and BAY 11-7082 separately and analysed the protein profile by western blotting. We have seen a strong down regulation of Mcl1 in all the cell lines and BCL-xl in two cell lines. But we didn9t see any difference in the abundance of another related anti apoptotic protein Bcl2. We have seen enhanced apoptotic signal corresponding with the Mcl1 degradation. So it is clear from the study that the down regulation of Mcl1 by NFKBIA makes cells more susceptible towards the chemotherapeutic drugs. Interestingly we also found that the protein beta-catetnine, a major component of a Wnt signaling pathway, is up regulated with the IκBα over expression and remain unchanged with the chemotherapeutic drugs in all the cell lines. Mcl1 degradation was mediated by the phosphorylation of GSK3 and the phosphorylated GSK3 prevent the usual proteasomal degradation of the beta-catetnine leading to it9s accumulation in the cell. Thus we can conclude that NFKBIA paly an important role in the phosphorylation of GSK3 and results in the regulation of Mcl-1 and beta catenine. Citation Format: Vineshkumar Thidil Puliyappadamba, Nanda Kumar Thudi, Markus Bredel. GSK3 regulation of Mcl1 and beta catenin involves I kappa B alpha. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2064. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2064
Heterogeneous Nucleation of an n-Alkane on Tetrahedrally Coordinated Crystals

Heterogeneous nucleation refers to the propensity for phase transformations to initiate preferentially on foreign surfaces, such as vessel walls, dust particles, or formulation additives. In crystallization, the form of the initial nucleus has ramifications for the crystallographic form, morphology, and properties of the resulting solid. Nevertheless, the discovery and design of nucleating agents remains a matter of trial and error because of the very small spatiotemporal scales over which the critical nucleus is formed and the extreme difficulty of examining such events empirically. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate a method for the rapid screening of entire families of materials for activity as nucleating agents and for characterizing their mechanism of action. The method is applied to the crystallization of n-pentacontane, a model surrogate for polyethylene, on the family of tetrahedrally coordinated crystals, including diamond and silicon. A systematic variation of parameters in the...
CRT-100.35 Gender Differences in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction at a Safety Net Hospital

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in women and significant gender differences remain. Women have higher rates of post-procedural complications and worse outcomes compared to male counterparts following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this analysis was to
Efficient Secure Outsourcing of Large-Scale Sparse Linear Systems of Equations

Solving large-scale sparse linear systems of equations (SLSEs) is one of the most common and fundamental problems in big data, but it is very challenging for resource-limited users. Cloud computing has been proposed as a timely, efficient, and cost-effective way of solving such expensive computing tasks. Nevertheless, one critical concern in cloud computing is data privacy. Specifically, clients’ SLSEs usually contain private information that should remain hidden from the cloud for ethical, legal, or security reasons. Many previous works on secure outsourcing of linear systems of equations (LSEs) have high computational complexity, and do not exploit the sparsity in the LSEs. More importantly, they share a common serious problem, i.e., a huge number of memory I/O operations. This problem has been largely neglected in the past, but in fact is of particular importance and may eventually render those outsourcing schemes impractical. In this paper, we develop an efficient and practical secure outsourcing algorithm for solving large-scale SLSEs, which has low computational and memory I/O complexities and can protect clients’ privacy well. We implement our algorithm on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, and find that the proposed algorithm offers significant time savings for the client (up to 74 percent) compared to previous algorithms.
Social Activation of Turnover Intentions (SATI) Theory: A Theory of Connections of Turnover Events

In this article, we propose a theoretical model that generally describes the phenomenon of turnover contagion due to social activations of turnover intentions. We explore the possibilities of how t...
Crowdsourced validation of a machine-learning classification system for autism and ADHD

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) together affect >10% of the children in the United States, but considerable behavioral overlaps between the two disorders can often complicate differential diagnosis. Currently, there is no screening test designed to differentiate between the two disorders, and with waiting times from initial suspicion to diagnosis upwards of a year, methods to quickly and accurately assess risk for these and other developmental disorders are desperately needed. In a previous study, we found that four machine-learning algorithms were able to accurately (area under the curve (AUC)>0.96) distinguish ASD from ADHD using only a small subset of items from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Here, we expand upon our prior work by including a novel crowdsourced data set of responses to our predefined top 15 SRS-derived questions from parents of children with ASD (n=248) or ADHD (n=174) to improve our model's capability to generalize to new, 'real-world' data. By mixing these novel survey data with our initial archival sample (n=3417) and performing repeated cross-validation with subsampling, we created a classification algorithm that performs with AUC=0.89±0.01 using only 15 questions.
Nanoscale Chemical Processes Affecting Storage Capacities and Seals during Geologic CO2 Sequestration

ConspectusGeologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) is a promising strategy to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Suitable geologic storage sites should have a porous reservoir rock zone where injected CO2 can displace brine and be stored in pores, and an impermeable zone on top of reservoir rocks to hinder upward movement of buoyant CO2. The injection wells (steel casings encased in concrete) pass through these geologic zones and lead CO2 to the desired zones.In subsurface environments, CO2 is reactive as both a supercritical (sc) phase and aqueous (aq) species. Its nanoscale chemical reactions with geomedia and wellbores are closely related to the safety and efficiency of CO2 storage. For example, the injection pressure is determined by the wettability and permeability of geomedia, which can be sensitive to nanoscale mineral−fluid interactions; the sealing safety of the injection sites is affected by the opening and closing of fractures in caprocks and the alteration of wellbore integrity cau...
A look behind the curtain at social work supervision in interprofessional practice settings: critical themes and pressing practical challenges

ABSTRACTSupervision has been an integral aspect of social work practice since the early days of the profession. The literature suggests that ‘supervision is an essential and integral part of the training and continuing education required for the skillful development of professional social workers’ (p. 5). The literature does appear to support that all social workers ought to have some level of supervision; however, within interprofessional settings, where social work is one of many professions, that goal may not be easily attained. Although some interprofessional settings, like hospitals, have social work departments, other settings, like schools, may only have one social worker, resulting in a workplace environment devoid of social work supervision. This article presents findings from a national study of social workers employed in interprofessional organizations. It was hypothesized that this cohort could provide important insights about the nature of social work supervision in agencies characterized by ...
P1.30 In vitro activity of gepotidacin and other antimicrobials against mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas

Introduction Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. are important pathogens of the respiratory and urogenital tracts. Antimicrobial resistance limits treatment options. Gepotidacin (GEP), a novel triazaacenaphthylene topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA replication by a mechanism and target distinct from fluoroquinolones was tested against 85 isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Ureaplasma parvum (Up), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in comparison to azithromycin (AZI), clindamycin (CLI), tetracycline (TET), levofloxacin (LEV), and moxifloxacin (MOX). Organisms tested included strains known to be resistant to TET, LEV, and/or AZI. This work was supported by GSK and funded through OTA HHSO100201300011C with HHS/BARDA. Methods MICs were determined using broth microdilution in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines. Results GEP was active against 25 Mp, MIC range 0.032–0.125 µg/ml, including 5 that were AZI-resistant, with MIC90 (0.125 µg/ml), equivalent to MOX. GEP was active against 10 Mg. MIC90 (0.032 µg/ml) was 4-fold 3 dilutions > MICs, indicating bacteriostatic effect. Conclusion GEP warrants further study to treat infections due to Mycoplasma spp., particularly organisms resistant to other antimicrobials as it was active against isolates resistant to AZI, TET, LEV, and/or MOX.
Understanding the Social Nature of Autism: From Clinical Manifestations to Brain Mechanisms

Kanner’s initial description of the syndrome of infantile autism emphasized that autism – or lack of interest in the social world – was an essential feature of the condition. For many years, subsequently the nature of the difficulties the child has in learning from the social world was poorly understood. However, over the last two decades, a considerable body of knowledge has helped us understand more about brain differences that are associated with autism. This work helps us to understand that autism may be considered to be a social learning disorder/difference. In this chapter, we selectively review this literature and its implications for understanding autism and its treatment. In summarizing these results, we argue for a new conceptualization of autism that emphasizes these social learning problems as central. We should note that it is a testament to the field that this review cannot aim, in the space available, to be anything but selective, highlighting those aspects of social difficulties that appear to us most salient in terms of clinical or research relevance.
The Aspectual System of Russian with Gilbert C. Rappaport

Aspectual choice is salient perceptually and morphologically in Russian. The formal contrast of perfective and imperfective viewpoints appears in all finite verb forms and many nonfinite finite verb forms as well. Speakers are keenly aware of aspectual choices and their effects.1
Breaking the trade-off between efficiency and service

For manufacturers, customers are the open wallets at the end of the supply chain. But for most service businesses, they are key inputs to the production process. Customers introduce tremendous variability to that process, but they also complain about any lack of consistency and don't care about the company's profit agenda. Managing customer-introduced variability, the author argues, is a central challenge for service companies. The first step is to diagnose which type of variability is causing mischief: Customers may arrive at different times, request different kinds of service, possess different capabilities, make varying degrees of effort, and have different personal preferences. Should companies accommodate variability or reduce it? Accommodation often involves asking employees to compensate for the variations among customers--a potentially costly solution. Reduction often means offering a limited menu of options, which may drive customers away. Some companies have learned to deal with customer-introduced variability without damaging either their operating environments or customers' service experiences. Starbucks, for example, handles capability variability among its customers by teaching them the correct ordering protocol. Dell deals with arrival and request variability in its high-end server business by outsourcing customer service while staying in close touch with customers to discuss their needs and assess their experiences with third-party providers. The effective management of variability often requires a company to influence customers' behavior. Managers attempting that kind of intervention can follow a three-step process: diagnosing the behavioral problem, designing an operating role for customers that creates new value for both parties, and testing and refining approaches for influencing behavior.
Biological Response to Psychic Trauma

They will fail to cope psychologically with their problems until they have a sense of security in their bodies. In losing control over their bodily functions they are not the competent people they were before. (Kolb & Multipassi, 1982)
Are Nonprofit Organizations Different

The question of difference implies not just comparison, but also classification. The taxonomy of organizations has consumed nonprofit scholars in recent years. In particular, within the kingdom of firms, one might fairly ask whether the “nonprofitness” of an organization determines its phylum or only its class. Which comes first, organizational form or activity?
The Suitability of Young Students for Video Subjective Testing

In this paper we describe a set of video subjective tests with 498 student viewers in the age range 9–17. These tests are based on earlier tests that we carried out with adult viewers. The aim was not to validate our earlier results, but to use them as a reference against which we could compare the scores of the students, to allow us to address the questions of how sensitive students in this age range are to video quality issues, and how suitable they would be as viewers in subjective tests. We used the same test content as in our earlier tests, including content at high and ultra-high resolution, and with standard and high dynamic range.
Gender normalization in fricative perception: Generational differences

Listeners identify fricatives ambiguous between /s/ and /ʃ/ differently depending on whether they believe that the talker is a woman or a man (Strand & Johnson, 1996; Munson, 2011; Winn, Rhone, Chatterjee, & Idsardi, 2013). Recently, Munson and Logerquist (2017, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141, 3982) examined the influence of imputed talker gender on fricative perception across four experimental conditions in a relatively large group (n = 99) of young adults. Surprisingly, Munson and Logerquist were unable to replicate the original finding, despite using stimuli that resembled those from earlier studies very closely. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that Munson and Logerquist's failure to find an effect of imputed gender was because of generational changes in the perception of gender in speech. We do this by comparing the performance of younger, college-aged listeners in Munson and Logerquist to the performance of a new cohort of listeners aged 33–48. Data collection for the latter cohort is ongoing. A finding that these listeners show effects of gender on fricative identification similar to those in previous studies will support the idea that Munson and Logerquist's failure to replicate this finding is due to generational changes in the perception of gender through speech.Listeners identify fricatives ambiguous between /s/ and /ʃ/ differently depending on whether they believe that the talker is a woman or a man (Strand & Johnson, 1996; Munson, 2011; Winn, Rhone, Chatterjee, & Idsardi, 2013). Recently, Munson and Logerquist (2017, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141, 3982) examined the influence of imputed talker gender on fricative perception across four experimental conditions in a relatively large group (n = 99) of young adults. Surprisingly, Munson and Logerquist were unable to replicate the original finding, despite using stimuli that resembled those from earlier studies very closely. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that Munson and Logerquist's failure to find an effect of imputed gender was because of generational changes in the perception of gender in speech. We do this by comparing the performance of younger, college-aged listeners in Munson and Logerquist to the performance of a new cohort of listeners aged 33–48. Data collection for the latter cohort is ongoing. ...
Inequality in body mass indices across countries: Evidence from convergence tests.

Abstract This study examines the long-term inequality in body mass index (BMI) based on convergence tests applied to a database of 172 countries recently published by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. First, we find that countries converge in clubs, which indicates that country disparities in BMIs will persist over time. Second, there are three and six convergence clubs in BMIs for female and male individuals, respectively. That is, we would not observe a single convergence pattern in body weights as the nutrition transition theory and the dietary convergence hypothesis seem to suggest. Females have only one healthy club (18.5 ≤ BMI
Dynamic Microgrids with Voltage Unbalance Mitigation Using Distributed Secondary Control

Dynamic microgrids (MG)have shown great potential in distribution system restoration as they could be frequently and actively reconfigured as per request from system operator. MGs usually have smaller inertia compared to conventional power systems thus require more delicate controller for operation safety. In addition, most distribution systems have unbalanced configurations which requires dedicated regulations on system operation states in both positive and negative sequence. This paper proposes a distributed secondary control strategy for unbalanced dynamic MGs operation. System frequency and voltage regulation are constantly enabled, along with voltage unbalance (VU)mitigation on critical load buses. The proposed control strategy provides automatic management of DGs within the same MG and seamless system transition as reconfiguration is requested. Detailed controller designs for both positive and negative sequence regulations are presented. Small-signal stability analysis of the proposed controller is derived and its dynamic performances are validated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Predictors of Successful Discharge of Patients on Postoperative Day 1 After Craniotomy for Brain Tumor

Background Shorter hospital stays have been associated with decreased complication rates, fewer hospital-acquired infections, and lower costs. We evaluated an optimized treatment paradigm for patients undergoing craniotomy allowing for postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge if the criteria were met. We compared the complication and readmission rates between the POD1 patients and those with longer stays, and examined the patient and surgical variables for predictors of POD1 discharge. Methods We performed a retrospective review of craniotomies performed for tumor from 2011 to 2015. Craniotomies for tumors were included, and laser ablations and biopsies were excluded. Results A total 424 of patients were included, 132 (31%) of whom had been discharged on POD1. The mean length of stay was 6 days. The POD1 patients had had significantly better preoperative Karnofsky performance scale scores (P 1 day, 4.4% and 2.7% developed DVT or PE (P = 0.0119) and urinary tract infections (P = 0.0202), respectively. Multivariate regression identified patient factors (male gender, low preoperative modified Rankin scale score), tumor factors (right-sided, supratentorial, smaller size), lower modified frailty index score, and operative factors (lack of a cerebrospinal fluid drain, awake surgery) as independent predictors of successful early discharge. Conclusions Patients with good functional status can be safely discharged on POD1 after tumor craniotomy if the appropriate postoperative criteria have been met. Patients with early discharge had lower 30-day readmission and DVT/PE rates, likely owing to better baseline health status.
Relationship of emergency department use pre- and post-cancer diagnosis in safety-net adults.

6626Background: Safety-net adults generate a high rate of emergency department (ED) visits within the 180 days after a new cancer diagnosis, many of which could be alternatively triaged to an urgen...
Do Popular Norms Matter for Democratic Backsliding

Do norms have a causal impact on the decline of democratic institutions? I use a dyadic analysis that draws on data from the European and World Values Survey and Polity IV. I find that popularly held norms do not matter, but that the norms of economic elites do. There are two theoretical points driving these findings. One, the decisions of political elites is disproportionately influenced by voters wealthier than the median. The resources commanded by economic elites make them more important than the average citizen, and accordingly, their interests and values are also more important. In effect, the selectorate is considerably smaller than the full voting population. Two, wealthy elites have historically been opposed to democratic concessions. Due to greater levels of income inequality, elites’ opposition to democracy, along with their relative power, has increased. Therefore, their normative attitudes are increasingly likely to translate into democratic decline.
18F-Sodium Fluoride PET: History, Technical Feasibility, Mechanism of Action, Normal Biodistribution, and Diagnostic Performance in Bone Metastasis Detection Compared with Other Imaging Modalities

The skeleton is the third most common site for metastasis overall, after the lungs and liver. Accurate diagnosis of osseous metastasis is critical for initial staging, treatment planning, restaging, treatment monitoring, and survival prediction. Currently, 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate whole-body scanning is the cornerstone of imaging to detect osseous metastasis. Although 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) was one of the oldest medical tracers for this purpose, it was replaced by other tracers because of their better physical properties, until recently. Continued development of PET scanners has opened a new era for 18F-NaF, and given its higher sensitivity, there have been increasing applications in imaging. In this review, we will discuss the history, technical aspects, radiobiology, and biodistribution of this tracer. Finally, we compare the accuracy of 18F-NaF PET with other conventional imaging methods for detection of osseous metastasis.