cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Genotoxicity Screening for Arylamines Bioactivated by N-Acetyltransferase

Genotoxicity screening sensors that measure DNA damage from metabolism of arylamines were developed and evaluated. The sensors feature ultrathin films containing DNA and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes. NAT in the film catalyzed the conversion of the arylamine 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) by acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) dependent N-acetylation, as verified by liquid chromatography. DNA damage in the films from exposure to reactive 2-AF metabolites was measured subsequent to the enzyme reaction using catalytic voltammetric oxidation with Ru(bpy)32+. Square wave voltammetric (SWV) peaks increased with enzyme reaction time, and relative DNA damage rates at pH 5.8 were measured within 2 min. Control incubations of DNA/NAT films without AcCoA gave no significant sensor response. CapLC−MS/MS analysis of 2-AAF/DNA reaction products was consistent with 2-AF-guanine adducts formed in the films. DNA damage occurred more rapidly under weakly acidic conditions (...
First-principles density functional calculations for Mg alloys: A tool to aid in alloy development

Abstract In studying the thermodynamics and phase stability of Mg alloys, one is often confronted with the lack of accurate, quantitative experimental data. This deficiency can be partially rectified via first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. In this paper, we will illustrate the utility of first-principles energetics for Mg alloys using three case studies (i) formation energies of ordered/disordered solid phases; (ii) solute–vacancy binding energies in Mg; (iii) point defect formation energies of β-Mg 17 Al 12 . These first-principles calculations can provide highly accurate thermodynamic and kinetic information for Mg alloys.
On urea formation in marine mammals

Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) has been determined in homogenates of liver of the sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis), the bottle-nose dolphin (porpoise) (Tursiops truncatus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). These marine mammals show levels of this ornithine-urea cycle enzyme which are typical of terrestrial mammals.
On the assessment of the added value of new predictive biomarkers

The surge in biomarker development calls for research on statistical evaluation methodology to rigorously assess emerging biomarkers and classification models. Recently, several authors reported the puzzling observation that, in assessing the added value of new biomarkers to existing ones in a logistic regression model, statistical significance of new predictor variables does not necessarily translate into a statistically significant increase in the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Vickers et al. concluded that this inconsistency is because AUC “has vastly inferior statistical properties,” i.e., it is extremely conservative. This statement is based on simulations that misuse the DeLong et al. method. Our purpose is to provide a fair comparison of the likelihood ratio (LR) test and the Wald test versus diagnostic accuracy (AUC) tests. We present a test to compare ideal AUCs of nested linear discriminant functions via an F test. We compare it with the LR test and the Wald test for the logistic regression model. The null hypotheses of these three tests are equivalent; however, the F test is an exact test whereas the LR test and the Wald test are asymptotic tests. Our simulation shows that the F test has the nominal type I error even with a small sample size. Our results also indicate that the LR test and the Wald test have inflated type I errors when the sample size is small, while the type I error converges to the nominal value asymptotically with increasing sample size as expected. We further show that the DeLong et al. method tests a different hypothesis and has the nominal type I error when it is used within its designed scope. Finally, we summarize the pros and cons of all four methods we consider in this paper. We show that there is nothing inherently less powerful or disagreeable about ROC analysis for showing the usefulness of new biomarkers or characterizing the performance of classification models. Each statistical method for assessing biomarkers and classification models has its own strengths and weaknesses. Investigators need to choose methods based on the assessment purpose, the biomarker development phase at which the assessment is being performed, the available patient data, and the validity of assumptions behind the methodologies.
Proofs of some Conjectures on Permanents

In a recent paper [1] Marcus and Minc have given an admirable summary of the theory of permanents of square matrices, especially with regard to inequalities satisfied by the permanent. Our knowledge of permanents is certainly meager compared to that for determinants, largely for the reason that while the former differs from the latter only in the replacement of minus signs by plus signs, the determinant, and not the permanent, is invariant under unitary transformations.
Krebs cycle activity of particles from bean seedlings

Abstract A particulate fraction from etiolated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris was found to possess oxidative activity corresponding to the Krebs citric acid cycle. When added to preparations of the particles, intermediates of the cycle caused O 2 uptake equivalent to as high as 84 % of theoretical values for total oxidation. Pyruvate was oxidized only when added with a second intermediate of the cycle. In the presence of malonate, succinate accumulated when citrate or a fumarate-pyruvate combination was added as substrate. ATP, DPN, TPN, glutathione, phosphate, and manganous ions were found necessary for maximum activity of the particulate fraction. In addition, magnesium and cytochrome c were added to the incubation mixtures. Evidence is given for the presence of a glutamic-aspartic acid transaminase in the particulate fraction from Phaseolus vulgaris . Terramycin was added to incubation mixtures to inhibit the growth of bacteria, and to establish that the activity studied was not caused by bacteria.
Observation of collective flow in relativistic nuclear collisions by transverse momentum analysis

A total of 776 interactions with AgBr in nuclear emulsion has been used to analyze the exclusive data for collective flow from $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$, and $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ at 1.8, 2.1, 1.52, and 0.95A GeV, respectively. The transverse momentum technique has been employed to study this effect which becomes stronger with the increase of incident energy as well as with the decrease of impact parameter.
The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the brush border of intestinal absorptive cells.

The distribution and behavior of anionic sites on the micro-villous surface of rat jejunal absorptive cells were studied using the multivalent ligand polycationic ferritin (PCF) as a visual probe. Segments were incubated in PCF either before or after glutaraldehyde fixation. The results indicated that the anionic sites can be divided into three groups based on their interaction with PCF: (1) Some sites along the length of the microvilli are accessible for binding PCF in living, unfixed cells. These sites are capable of translational mobility at the membrane surface and can be induced to cluster into discrete patches by PCF. Under appropriate conditions, they may be taken into the cell by endocytosis. Their redistribution is prevented by prefixation, and slowed by incubation at temperatures of 0°C or below. (2) Some sites along the length of the microvilli are inaccessible to PCF without prior fixation. These sites may provide uniform coverage or may be preferentially localized to the distal microvillus. (3) Some sites restricted to the microvillous tips are accessible to PCF without fixation, but are apparently immobile. Their high density on some tips forms a distinctive cap of ferritin particles. More anionic sites were found on the microvilli of the more mature cells of the upper villus. In addition, independent variation was observed in the number of sites in each of the three groups among neighboring cells, irrespective of villous position, suggestive of variations in the turnover of these sites.
Predation of Natural Populations of Free-Living Nematodes By Fungi 1)

Ein kleiner Teil aus Waldstreu isolierter freilebender Nematoden war von verschiedenen Pilzarten infiziert. Die Ergebnisse bestatigen, dass rauberisch lebende Pilze in einer naturlichen Nematodenpopulation sehr aktiv sind. In Kurze sollen quantitative Untersuchungen dieser Aktivitat veroffentlicht werden. Die haufigste Infektion erfolgt durch Hyphen oder kleine, runde Korper (2,5 bis 13 μ im Durchmesser), die oft mit Pilzen in Gemeinschaft leben. Einige Nematoden fangen sich in Schlingen, andere werden von sporenbildenden Pilzen, einschliesslich Harposporium oxycorarcum, infiziert. Abgesehen von dieser Art war eine Identifizierung der Pilze bisher nicht moglich.
Comparison of P Waves Recorded on the Standard Electrocardiogram, the "Lewis Lead," and "Saline-Filled Central Venous Catheter"-Based Intracardiac Electrocardiogram

The feasibility of recording the intracardiac electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) through a saline-filled central venous catheter has been demonstrated. The importance of identifying P waves for the accurate characterization of arrhythmias has long been emphasized. The "Lewis lead" has been occasionally employed when the standard electrocardiogram (SECG) fails to detect P waves. The objectives of this study were to compare the amplitude of P waves recorded by intracardiac and standard ECGs and the Lewis lead and to explore whether the latter has any advantages over either type of electrocardiography. The amplitudes of P wave (in millimeters) measured on SECG, the Lewis lead, and IC-ECG obtained through a saline-filled central venous catheter were compared; recordings were obtained through the intracardiac electrocardiographic distal, medial, and proximal ports of the central venous catheter in 28 patients who underwent 62 measurements. P waves were larger on the distal port of the IC-ECG than on the medial and proximal ports, on lead V(1), the lead with the tallest P wave on SECG, and the Lewis lead (all p = 0.0005). P waves were also larger on the medial port than on the proximal port of the IC-ECG (p = 0.0005). P waves were larger on the proximal port of the IC-ECG than on lead V(1), the lead with the tallest P wave on SECG, and the Lewis lead (p = 0.0005 for the 2 leads), and P waves were larger with the Lewis lead than on lead V(1) (p = 0.0005) but did not differ from the lead with the tallest P wave on a SECG (p = 0.124). Augmented P waves can be secured by employment of an intracardiac electrocardiographic lead; the Lewis lead has no advantages over the SECG for detecting P waves. These data are useful when the amplitude of P waves is an issue of concern in clinical practice and research.
Older adults' objective self-recording of sleep in the home.

A convenient, objective source of sleep data in the natural environment can play an important role in evaluating older persons' sleep complaints. The present study tested the utility of such an instrument. Self-report (SR) sleep estimates were contrasted against sleep records derived from tape-recorded verbal responses to fixed interval tones presented throughout the night (sleep assessment device, SAD) with three groups of older women: 18 noninsomniacs, 18 insomniacs using sleep medication, and 20 nonmedicated insomniacs. Subjects collected 2 weeks on SR data and, in addition, the SAD was employed for 1 of those weeks. Sleep deterioration occurred upon introduction of the SAD, though this first night effect quickly dissipated. No differences were found between the 2 weeks of the SR data, one of which included the SAD, and subjects rated the SAD as not disturbing, both indications of unobtrusiveness. Though these subjects required more instruction time than younger subjects, they were able to effectively operate the SAD. As is often the case, SR estimates revealed greater sleep disturbance than did the objective measure, SAD, but both methods also found sleep equivalence between groups on some measures. Insomniacs were distinguished from noninsomniacs more by sleep dissatisfaction than by sleep pattern. Overall, the SAD proved to be a useful source of objective sleep data in the home for older people. Theoretical and clinical implications of these data, as well as limitations on conclusions, are discussed.
Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens attenuate invasion in a first trimester human placental trophoblast model.

Background Schistosomiasis affects nearly 40 million women of reproductive age, and is known to elicit a pro-inflammatory signature in the placenta. We have previously shown that antigens from schistosome eggs can elicit pro-inflammatory cytokine production from trophoblast cells specifically; however, the influence of these antigens on other characteristics of trophoblast function, particularly as it pertains to placentation in early gestation, is unknown. We therefore sought to determine the impact of schistosome antigens on key characteristics of first trimester trophoblast cells, including migration and invasion.
Combination therapy and the use of an initial dose of intramuscular methotrexate in patients hospitalized for psoriasis

Standardized inpatient treatment regimens for recalcitrant psoriasis typically require over 2 weeks of hospitalization. Different therapeutic strategies should be sought in an effort to shorten hospitalizations and contain health-care costs. We utilized a combination of multiple treatment modalities in an attempt to shorten hospital stays for severe psoriasis. We further studied whether a single initial intramuscular injection of methotrexate could safely enhance the speed of clearance. A group of 34 evaluable patients hospitalized for psoriasis were given a combination of oral etretinate, ultraviolet B radiation treatments, whirlpool baths, topical emollients, and either topical crude coal tar or topical triamcinolone ointment. Patients were also prospectively studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion to determine the effect of an initial intramuscular injection of methotrexate. Psoriasis severity and area indices (PASI), number of hospital days, toxicity, and rebound after discharge were mon...
Differential effects of systemic and intracoronary calcium channel blocking agents on global and regional left ventricular function in conscious dogs.

Abstract We examined the differential effects of intravenous (IV) equimolar doses of diltiazem (D), verapamil (V), and nifedipine (N) upon left ventricular (LV) function in 12 healthy unsedated dogs. We also attempted to isolate direct myocardial effects of these agents from reflex and peripheral effects by using intracoronary (IC) equimolar drug administration in an additional six animals. Despite equivalent dose-related increases in heart rate and declines in arterial pressure intravenous V (0.04, 0.1, 0.17 mg/kg) and N (0.3 mg/kg) but not D (0.04, 0.1, 0.17 mg/kg) depressed LV function. Peak effects after high dose V included increased heart rate (HR) (68%) and reduced mean aortic pressure (MAP) (17%), dP/dt max (22%), and percent shortening of the LV minor diameter (%ΔD) (33%) (all p ≤ 0.001). By contrast, equimolar D increased HR (68%) and decreased MAP (20%) but produced no change in dP/dt or %ΔD while low dose N (0.03 mg/kg) depressed dP/dt and %ΔD by 37% and 45%, respectively (both p ≤ 0.001) despite similar changes in HR and MAP. Pretreatment with propranolol (2 mg/kg) and matching HR and loading conditions to control failed to uncover myocardial depression after D. Equimolar IC D, V (4, 8, 16 μg/kg), or N (3 μg/kg) each produced dose-related reductions in percent regional shortening which were greatest with N (58% at 3 μg/kg) and least with D (9% at 16 μg/kg). These data suggest that calcium channel blockers vary in their propensity to reduce LV function and that the myocardial depressant effects of these agents are partially offset by reflex and peripheral vascular actions.
Influence of thyrotropin releasing hormone and histidyl-proline diketopiperazine on spontaneous locomotor activity and analgesia induced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the mouse☆

The influence of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and its postulated metabolite histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (HPD) on sedation and analgesia produced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was investigated in mice. Intracerebral administration of HPD (10 μg) by itself decreased motor activity, whereas, TRH (10 μg) was without any effect. THC (10 and 20 mg/kg) given i.p. decreased the motor activity and this effect was antagonised by prior treatment with TRH or HPD. Administration of THC produced analgesia as evidenced by delay in the tail-flick reaction time to a thermal stimulus. Pretreatment with TRH or HPD also antagonized the THC-induced analgesia. THC-induced analgesia was not modified by s.c. pretreatment with naloxone, an opiate antagonist. TRH or HPD pretreatment had no effect on the distribution of total radioactivity representing THC and its metabolites in brain and plasma. These studies indicate that TRH and HPD can antagonize THC-induced sedation and analgesia and that HPD may be an active metabolite of TRH. These effects were observed without altering the distribution of the drug and metabolic in brain and plasma and therefore their effect may involve their direct actions on the central nervous system. Finally THC induced analgesia does not seem to involve opiate receptors and their involvement in the mechanism by which TRH or HPD antagonize THC-induced analgesia is unlikely.
The binding of transformed aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor to its DNA recognition site is not affected by metal depletion

The biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin), a potent environmental contaminant, are mediated by a soluble intracellular protein, the aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AhR). TCDD:AhR complexes activate gene transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences termed dioxin-responsive elements adjacent to TCDD-responsive genes. Analogies between the AhR and receptors for steroid hormones imply similarities in their mechanism of action. The presence of chelatable, protein-bound metal(s), presumably zinc, is required for DNA binding of several proteins, including steroid hormone receptors and the transcription factor SP1. Utilizing gel retardation and DNA-cellulose binding assays we have investigated the importance of metal in DNA binding of transformed TCDD:AhR complexes. Here, we report that although 1,10-phenanthroline, a metal ion chelating agent, inhibited the DNA binding of SP1 and transformed glucocorticoid receptor, no inhibition of transformed AhR was observed. EDTA was similarly ineffective in inhibiting DNA binding of transformed AhR. Our findings suggest that the AhR, although similar to steroid receptors, appears not to require metals for binding to its specific DNA recognition sequence.
Men’s Avoidance Coping and Female Partner’s Drinking Behavior: A High-Risk Context for Partner Violence?

The current study explored whether men’s avoidance coping in response to the drinking behavior of their female partner with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) would be associated with higher levels of men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). Women with an AUD (n = 109) and their male partners in a U.S. urban area were assessed on men’s perpetration of minor and severe violence using the Conflict Tactics Scale, men’s avoidance coping using the Spouse Behavior Questionnaire, and men’s and women’s drinking behavior using the Time Line Follow Back Interview. Using multiple regression analysis, results showed that men’s use of avoidance coping significantly predicted male IPV perpetration over and above the women’s perpetration of violence toward him, while women’s alcohol use did not significantly predict male-to-female IPV perpetration. Implications for teaching emotion-regulation strategies to male partners of women with an AUD to cope with partner drinking are discussed.
Action Recognition from Experience

A reinforcement learning model, which allows for an agent to interact with a simulated 3D learning environment under the initial guidance of an all knowing oracle is proposed. Methods are presented that allow the agent to learn how to perform a set of task oriented actions. It is then hypothesized that the ability to recognize an action may in fact be a byproduct of learning how to perform an action. Evidence supporting this conjecture is presented using both simulated and real world imagery.
Congener-specific effects of pcbs on contractions of pregnant rat uteri

Abstract Both increased and decreased gestation lengths have been reported following exposures to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures and congeners. Because oscillatory uterine contractions are essential for parturition, we hypothesized that the disparate findings on gestation length may be the result of distinct PCB congener-specific actions on oscillatory uterine contractions. This study examined the acute effects of PCB congeners on isometric contractions of isolated pregnant uteri and the structure-activity relationship for individual congeners. After cumulative exposure to individual PCB congeners (0.5 μM to 150 μM), oscillatory contractions were: 1) not altered by 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl, 3,4,5,3′,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl, or 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl; 2) significantly inhibited by 4-hydroxy-2′,4′,6′-trichlorobiphenyl; and 3) markedly increased by 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl and 2,4,2′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, when compared to solvent controls. The uteri were more sensitive to PCB congeners with ortho -substituted light chlorination than those highly chlorinated, or those interacting with the Ah-receptor.
Optical nuclear polarization — Targets and sources

The nuclear polarization of3He by optical pumping using discharge lamps is described, as well as attempts (both successful and unsuccessful) to make a polarized3He target. Recent experimental results with a polarized3He target are presented. Experiments to polarize3He using a laser as a pumping light source are described, and the prospects for producing a dense polarized3He target are indicated. The polarization of other nuclei, especially Xe and Kr, by spin transfer from laser polarized alkalis is described.
Intramolecular Cyclizations from N-alkoxyamines. Formation of Dialkylsubstituted pyrrolidines and piperidines

Abstract Iodine-induced cyclizations of bis-homoallylic N-alkoxyamines generally favor formation of trans-2,3 and 2,5 disubstituted pyrrolidino iodides. Studies of carbon-13 data are important for stereoassignments of cis and trans-diastereoisomers within this series, as well as for the corresponding 2,6-dialkylpiperidines.
Multiphoton Intrapulse Interference. 1. Control of Multiphoton Processes in Condensed Phases

We explore and demonstrate the use of phase-modulated ultrafast laser pulses for controlling nonlinear optical processes in large molecules, proteins, and solid materials. Our experiments illustrate that in condensed phases, when spectra are broad, the spectrum of the nth-order electric field, determined by multiphoton intrapulse interference, plays a major role in controlling multiphoton excitation. These findings determine key parameters (amplitude, period, and symmetry of the phase function) for coherent femtosecond laser control in condensed phases.
Experimental Investigation of the Second Postulate of Special Relativity

The addition-of-velocities hypothesis, which Kantor recently claimed to have verified, has been investigated using a different experimental arrangement. A laser beam was passed through a moving mica window, which might be considered as a Huygens-type moving source of light. An interferometer was built with which to detect and measure any change in speed of the emitted light. The apparatus allowed investigation of: the effects of window speed, which could be varied continuously up to 63m/sec; direction of window motion with respect to direction of propagation; and the effects of air in the beam path. Emission theory as used by Kantor predicted a 13 fringe shift; however, no shift was observed under any conditions. The estimated sensitivity of the method is 1/20 fringe. Our results are therefore consistent with the second postulate of special relativity, but not with Kantor’s hypothesis.
Advancing post-anoxic denitrification for biological nutrient removal

Abstract The objective of this research was to advance a fundamental understanding of a unique post-anoxic denitrification process for achieving biological nutrient removal (BNR), with an emphasis on elucidating the impacts of surface oxygen transfer (SOT), variable process loadings, and bioreactor operational conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated in an anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic mode for over 250 days and fed real municipal wastewater. One SBR was operated with a headspace open to the atmosphere, while the other had a covered liquid surface to prevent surface oxygen transfer. Process performance was assessed for mixed volatile fatty acid (VFA) and acetate-dominated substrate, as well as daily/seasonal variance in influent phosphorus and ammonia loadings. Results demonstrated that post-anoxic BNR can achieve near-complete (>99%) inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus removal, with soluble effluent concentrations less than 1.0 mgN L−1 and 0.14 mgP L−1. Observed specific denitrification rates were in excess of typical endogenous values and exhibited a linear dependence on the glycogen concentration in the biomass. Preventing SOT improved nitrogen removal but had little impact on phosphorus removal under normal loading conditions. However, during periods of low influent ammonia, the covered reactor maintained phosphorus removal performance and showed a greater relative abundance of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) as evidenced by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). While GAOs were detected in both reactors under all operational conditions, BNR performance was not adversely impacted. Finally, secondary phosphorus release during the post-anoxic period was minimal and only occurred if nitrate/nitrite were depleted post-anoxically.
Even more efficient bounded-distance decoding of the hexacode, the Golay code, and the Leech lattice

We present a new bounded-distance decoding algorithm for the hexacode, which requires at most 34 real operations in the worst case, as compared to 57 such operations in the best previously known decoder. The new algorithm is then employed for bounded-distance decoding of the Leech lattice and the Golay code. The error-correction radius of the resulting decoders is equal to that of a maximum-likelihood decoder. The resulting decoding complexity is at most 331 real operations for the Leech lattice and at most 121 operations for the Golay code. For all the three codes-the hexacode, the Golay code, and the Leech lattice-the proposed decoders are considerably more efficient than any decoder presently known. >
Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Membranes for Separation of CO2 from Hydrocarbons and Fluorocarbons at High-Pressure Conditions Relevant to C2F4 Polymerization

Separation of high-pressure carbon dioxide from fluorocarbons is important for the production of fluoropolymers such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Typical polymeric membranes plasticize under high ...
A Preoperative Echocardiographic Predictive Model for Assessment of Cardiovascular Outcome after Renal Transplantation

Objective Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) frequently determine the outcome of renal transplantation (RT). Stress testing is advocated for preoperative risk assessment, but limited information is available on the prognostic value of these tests. We aimed to retrospectively assess the value of preoperative dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in predicting MACE in patients undergoing RT. Methods A total of 185 patients (age 56 ± 11 years, 64% were men, creatinine level of 7.3 ± 2.9 mg/d, 27% were smokers, 86% had hypertension, 54% had diabetes, 57% were dyslipidemic) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) underwent DSE before RT. A standard DSE protocol was used with the administration of 5-50 μg/kg/min incremental doses in 3-minute intervals and up to 1 mg of atropine if needed to reach prespecified end points. Results Regional left ventricular wall motion abnormality (WMA) at rest (fixed), with stress (inducible), or both were present in 54, 35, and 18 patients, respectively. In 38 patients who underwent coronary angiography, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of inducible WMA for predicting angiographic coronary artery disease (≥70% luminal diameter reduction) were 88%, 62%, 65%, and 87%, respectively. Cox regression analysis identified the presence of combined fixed and inducible WMA (ie, resting WMA that did not change during DSE, accompanied by new WMA evident during DSE; hazard ratio [HR] 5.6, P = .012), left atrial enlargement (HR 4.2, P = .002), and aortic valve sclerosis (HR 3.9, P = .013) as independent predictors of 48-month MACE (cardiac death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization after RT). Patients with all 3 predictors had a 48-month MACE of 60% compared with 5% in those with none ( P = .007). Compared with those without WMA, patients with both fixed and inducible WMA had a higher rate of MACE at 48 months (7% vs 33%, P = .004). Conclusion In RT candidates, DSE can effectively identify those at low and high risk of MACE.
R93W Mutation in Orai1 Causes Impaired Calcium Influx in Platelets.

The intracellular Ca2+ concentration of many nonexcitable cells is regulated by calcium store release and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In platelets, STIM1 was recently identified as the main calcium sensor expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. To evaluate the role of the SOC channel moiety, Orai1, in platelet SOCE, we generated mice expressing a mutated, inactive form of Orai1 in blood cells only (Orai1R93W). Platelets expressing Orai1R93W were characterized by markedly reduced SOCE and impaired agonist-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. Orai1R93W platelets showed reduced integrin activation and impaired degranulation when stimulated with low agonist concentrations under static conditions. This defect, however, did not significantly affect the ability of Orai1R93W platelets to aggregate or to adhere to collagen under arterial flow conditions ex vivo. In contrast, these adherent Orai1R93W platelets were defective in surface phosphatidylserine exposure, suggesting that Orai1 is crucial for the platelets' procoagulant response rather than for other Ca2+-dependent cellular responses.
Tunneling phase logic cellular nonlinear networks

Based on a simple circuit model of a tunneling phase logic (TPL) element that is driven by a sinusoidal voltage source and biased by a DC voltage source, we present simulations of operations in cellular nonlinear networks (CNN) that could potentially be used to perform general computations in 2D arrays of simple, locally connected nanoscale devices. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the image computation capability of TPL–CNN. In particular, we use a simple 2D TPL–CNN structure to perform edge detection, image enhancement and image segmentation. Some cellular automata (CA)-like behaviors of our 2D TPL-CNN are also presented.
Tele‐Classes: The Way of the Future A Report on a Language Exchange Via Satellite

A class of UCLA students conducted a language exchange with a group of students in Spain using a photophone—a telephone-like device which allows the interlocutors to see each other's still picture on a small screen while talking. This exchange is referred to here as a Tele-class. This report describes such Tele-class while pointing out its linguistic and cultural gains, as well as its limitations. The U.S. students's responses to two questionnaires are also reported, in addition to a list of recommendations for Tele-class planners. The experience proved to be a success, enhancing motivation, language learning, and cultural awareness. However, more similar projects and substantial research are needed to explore the full potential of the Tele-class as a language learning environment.
Design and control of a compliant parallel manipulator

We describe a novel design for a compliant arm that can be mounted on a mobile robot. Because the arm is compliant, a mobile robot can manipulate or interact with objects that are not precisely positioned in the environment. The main features of the arm are the in-parallel architecture and a novel control scheme that allows us to easily control the Cartesian stiffness or impedance in the plane. Springs are added in series to the limbs of the parallel manipulator. We analyze one limb and the manipulator to determine its performance when either controlling the force applied to an object or controlling its stiffness. Further, we present experimental results that show the performance of the compliant arm.
The new cell culture smallpox vaccine should be offered to the general population.

A series of major factors must be weighed in deciding whether or not, and to what extent, a particular country should consider pre-exposure vaccination for smallpox. These include the risk of a bioterrorist attack using smallpox, the risk of secondary spread from another country, the risks and benefits of vaccination, the effectivenes s of vaccination pre- and post-exposure, the prevalence of immunocompromised persons, the capacity of the medical care delivery system and the wealth of a nation. We review here the issues and variables relevant for policy making, propose a framework for country-specific decision making and suggest the World Health Organization has a key role to play, particularly with regard to lower-income countries. In doing so, we support the proposition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the evolution education literature with a focus on teachers: major findings, goals for teacher preparation, and directions for future research

The theory of evolution is the fundamental backbone to the discipline of biology, yet many students possess misunderstandings. The teacher is the most important school-based factor in student learning, and therefore to improve students’ understandings of evolution, we must better prepare teachers. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, we reviewed empirical research studies focused on K-12 teachers regarding evolution education from 1993 to 2011 with the purpose of identifying major themes of research and corresponding findings. Second, we used our understandings of current findings to inform the development and articulation of five goals for teacher preparation. Third, we discuss implications of this work for teacher preparation initiatives and directions of future research. We found that current evolution education research specific to K-12 teachers falls within four major themes, which collectively inform the development of five goals for preparing teachers to teach evolution. We argue that teachers should: (1) develop content knowledge of evolution; (2) develop understandings of the nature of science related to evolution; (3) develop acceptance of evolution as valid within science; (4) develop knowledge of and strategies for handling the public controversy; and (5) develop pedagogical content knowledge for teaching evolution. Based on our review, evolution courses and professional development initiatives for K-12 teachers should integrate the five goals, with more attention to teaching evolution in the classroom. Investigating the nature of teachers’ acceptance of evolution and pedagogical content knowledge for teaching evolution are areas of research in need of continued pursuit.
Comments on "On verifying the first-order Markovian assumption for a Rayleigh fading channel model"

For original paper see Wang and Chang IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.45, p.353-7 (1996). In the present paper, the trivariate probability density function (PDF) for the envelope of a bandpass Gaussian process is derived. However, the multivariate PDF for the envelope of a bandpass Gaussian process having an arbitrary power spectrum has been previously reported. The Markovian behavior of the envelope process for the U-shaped power spectrum 1//spl radic/(1-f/sup 2/) was studied by Wang and Chang using an information theoretic approach. It is worth mentioning that several authors have formerly discussed that Markovian behavior for the rational power spectrum 1/(1+f/sup 2/) from a probabilistic point of view.
Coarsening kinetics of nanoscale Al3Sc precipitates in an Al-Mg-Sc alloy

Abstract The effects of Mg alloying on the temporal evolution of Al 3 Sc (L1 2 structure) nanoscale precipitates are investigated, focusing on the morphology and coarsening kinetics of Al 3 Sc precipitates in an Al–2.2 Mg–0.12 Sc at.% alloy aged between 300 and 400 °C. Approximately spheroidal precipitates are obtained after aging at 300 °C and irregular morphologies are observed at 400 °C. The coarsening behavior is studied using conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopies to obtain the temporal evolution of the precipitate radius, and atom-probe tomography is employed to measure the Sc concentration in the α-matrix. The coarsening kinetics are analyzed using a coarsening model developed by Kuehmann and Voorhees for ternary systems [Kuehmann CJ, Voorhees PW. Metall Mater Trans A 1996;27:937]. Values of the interfacial free energy and diffusion coefficient for Sc diffusion in this Al–Mg–Sc alloy at 300 °C are independently calculated, and are in good agreement with the calculated value of interfacial free energy [Asta M, Ozolins V, Woodward C. JOM 2001;53:16] and the experimental diffusivity obtained for the Al–Sc system [Marquis EA, Seidman DN. Acta Mater 2001;49:1909; Marquis EA. Ph.D. Thesis. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northwestern University, 2002; Fujikawa SI. Defect Diffusion Forum 1997;143–147:115].
The Nursing Outcomes Classification

The research to develop the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) began with the formation of the outcomesresearch team in 1991. This work grew from previous language development focused on patient problems ornursing diagnoses by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association and the development of nursing interventionsby the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) research team at Iowa. Outcome terminology was needed tocomplete the clinical reasoning model identified as part of the NIC research
Theory and application of dynamic aging for life estimation in machine insulation

After a brief discussion on possible on-line indicators of aging, this paper presents a concept of dynamic aging theory (DAT). Based on the philosophy of a DAT, a dynamic multistress aging model is proposed. Necessary DAT formulation and software have been developed for testing the model against laboratory aging data. In this study, dynamic stagnation voltage (DSV), a derived partial discharge parameter, and the groundwall insulation response to a traveling acoustic wave have been found to be the most appropriate parameters for assessment of remaining insulation machine life. This approach is shown to be a meaningful and practical solution to a very complex problem. Although this study is in its initial stage, it does show significant promise as an on-line tool for dynamically predicting remaining life based on DAT and other appropriate feedback measures.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with histopathological features mimicking cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma

We report a case of cutaneous Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection which presented with clinical and histopathological findings that mimicked a gamma/delta (γδ) T-cell lymphoma. In this case, tissue culture of the biopsy specimen was key to determining the diagnosis and allowing appropriate treatment with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and topical silvadene. A prompt complete resolution of lesions was observed following antibiotic treatment, with no recurrence of disease over the last 5 years, supporting an infectious rather than malignant etiology. In our patient, radiation therapy was indicated based on the misdiagnosis of γδ T-cell lymphoma, which was supported both clinically and histopathologically. However, tissue culture in this case avoided unnecessary radiation exposure and highlights the role of tissue culture in the evaluation of the biopsy of an undiagnosed cutaneous lesion.
FORUM: THE IDEA OF THE SELF

It is somehow fitting that Jerrold Seigel's The Idea of the Self , a triumph of rigorous and erudite intellectual labor, has me thinking about labor. And so I will come at the book through the meanings given to labor from the mid-seventeenth century to the early nineteenth. My skepticism is meant to serve a larger purpose: to begin mapping the research territories opened or resituated by Seigel's achievement.
Matchcoats: Cultural Conservatism and Change in One Aspect of Native American Clothing

The English term matchcoat derives from an Algonquian root word relating to clothing or dress in general. During the seventeenth century matchcoat came to refer to European-made units of woolen cloth, generally about two meters (a "fathom") long, that were traded to natives who wore them as loosely wrapped cloaks. Some English-speaking scholars have erroneously emphasized the word match, inferring that "matchcoats" were garments that were pieced together from small units, or matched in a way that resembled techniques used by natives to make cloaks from pelts. The common "blanket" worn by the stereotypical "Indian" of that period also was called a matchcoat. Native-made garments, often described in the early literature, were rapidly replaced by these pieces of trade cloth. The term matchcoat was being applied to "made up" or off-the-rack tailored sleeved coats by the I680s. The use of increasingly elaborate trade-cloth coats reveals progressive adoption of European garments among all of the native peoples of the Northeast.
Inability to Perform Bicycle Ergometry Predicts Increased Morbidity and Mortality After Lung Resection

The ability to successfully exercise has been used to assess the cardiopulmonary risk of thoracotomy for lung cancer. Because of musculoskeletal, neurologic, peripheral vascular, or behavioral problems, not all patients presenting for pulmonary resection are capable of exercising. Using a multifactorial cardiopulmonary risk index (CPRI) consisting of a cardiac risk index (CRI) and a pulmonary risk index, we studied 74 patients (60 capable of exercising and 14 incapable of exercising) who underwent thoracotomy for lung cancer resection. The groups were similar in reference to history of pulmonary disease, preoperative pulmonary function, and pulmonary risk index score. The no-exercise patients were more likely to have a history of cardiac disease (64 vs 28%; p
Inverse filter criteria for estimation of linear parametric models using higher order statistics

The author considers the problem of estimating the parameters of a stable, scalar ARMA (autoregressive moving average) signal model (causal or noncausal, minimum phase or mixed phase) driven by an independent and identically distributed nonGaussian sequence. The driving noise sequence is not observed. The Wiggins-Donoho class of inverse filter criteria for estimation of model parameters are analyzed and extended to general ARMA inverses. A class of criteria for consistent parameter estimation in colored Gaussian noise is proposed and analyzed. >
Comparative Mapping of the Brassica S Locus Region and Its Homeolog in Arabidopsis: Implications for the Evolution of Mating Systems in the Brassicaceae

The crucifer family includes self-incompatible genera, such as Brassica, and self-fertile genera, such as Arabidopsis. To gain insight into mechanisms underlying the evolution of mating systems in this family, we used a selective comparative mapping approach between Brassica campestris plants homozygous for the S8 haplotype and Arabidopsis. Starting with markers flanking the self-incompatibility genes in Brassica, we identified the homeologous region in Arabidopsis as a previously uncharacterized segment of chromosome 1 in the immediate vicinity of the ethylene response gene ETR1. A total of 26 genomic and 21 cDNA markers derived from Arabidopsis yeast artificial and bacterial artificial chromosome clones were used to analyze this region in the two genomes. Approximately half of the cDNAs isolated from the region represent novel expressed sequence tags that do not match entries in the DNA and protein databases. The physical maps that we derived by using these markers as well as markers isolated from bacteriophage clones spanning the S8 haplotype revealed a high degree of synteny at the submegabase scale between the two homeologous regions. However, no sequences similar to the Brassica S locus genes that are known to be required for the self-incompatibility response were detected within this interval or other regions of the Arabidopsis genome. This observation is consistent with deletion of self-recognition genes as a mechanism for the evolution of autogamy in the Arabidopsis lineage.
The effect of buffers and of organic and inorganic cations on the electrokinetic properties of bacteria

Abstract Microelectrophoresis of bacteria provides information on the ionogenic groups in the outer portion of their cell wall. Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli had approximately one carboxylic acid group per 2,300 and 1,000 A 2 , respectively, plus a much lower concentration of basic groups. Incubation time, from exponential growth through decline period, affected these values only marginally. The isoelectric point of S. faecalis was at pH = 2.3. Treating S. faecalis with increasing concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) or one of five acridine salts reduced the zeta potential from about −22 mV to zero as the K + or Na + cations neutralizing the carboxylate ions in the cell wall were replaced by cetyltrimethylammonium or acridinium cations. Subsequent physical sorption of entire CETAB or acridinium salt molecules raised the zeta potential to +20 mV or higher. The effectiveness of the acridine salts to reduce the negative charge of the cell wall increased with their base strength. It was not related to their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Some acridines and high concentrations of CETAB caused leakage of bacterial nucleic acids. Relatively high acridine concentrations also caused agglutination of S. faecalis , possible via bridging by nucleic acid-acridine complex coacervates. The effectiveness of inorganic salts to reduce and invert the zeta potential ranked the cations in the order thorium ≅ hydrolyzed ferric ⋍ chromic ⋍ cupric > hydrogen > lead > calcium ⋍ potassium ≅ sodium. The order of effectiveness in inhibiting the bacterial growth was thorium > hydrolyzed ferric > cupric. The remaining cations caused no detectable inhibition at concentrations up to 0.003 M .
Flue gas carbon dioxide sequestration during water softening with ion-exchange fibers.

This study examines the use of ion-exchange fibers (IX fibers) to permanently sequester carbon dioxide present in flue gas into an aqueous phase as calcium or magnesium alkalinity while concurrently softening hard water. The only process inputs besides carbon dioxide (or flue gas) are snowmelt (or rainwater); no other chemicals are required for the regeneration of the IX fibers. Importantly, the process is not energy intensive and carbon dioxide does not need to be compressed to excessive pressures (>150 psi) for efficient use. Sources of carbon dioxide do not require concentration and, therefore, the use of raw flue gas ( ∼17% C O2 ) is feasible with the rate of sequestration governed only by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. While valid for flue gas obtained from any combustion process (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas, etc.), emissions from oil or gas combustion may be more appropriate for use in the described process due to the absence of mercury and particulates. It should also be noted that the pr...