cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PCB pin-field considerations for 40 Gb/s SerDes channels

Designing pin-fields and related structures will be challenging for emerging 40 Gb/s electrically-based SerDes links. It is not known whether pin-fields implemented in conventional printed circuit board (PCB) technology will be capable of supporting these high data rates. We demonstrate through modeling and measurements that PCB pin-fields appear viable for data rates up to 40 Gb/s, provided that care is taken in the design.
Information Theoretic Perspectives on Synchronization

We study the information theoretic limits of communication over asynchronous discrete memoryless channels. The transmitter starts sending a block codeword of length N at a time v uniformly distributed within the interval [1, 2, ..., L]. We assume that the receiver knows L but not v. We give a scaling law of L with respect to N for which reliable communication can be achieved. Specifically, we propose a communication scheme with the property that, unless the asynchrony level L grows at least as eNC, where C denotes the capacity of the synchronized channel, arbitrary low error probability can be achieved. If L grows sub-exponentially in N, the capacity is the same as that of the ordinary synchronized channel. Further, we provide a lower bound to the error probability given a certain channel, codebook, and asynchrony level. This bound together with our scheme shows that, in certain cases, the condition L les eNC(1-delta) for any delta > 0 is an asymptotic necessary and sufficient condition for reliable communication. Finally we extend our analysis to a simple scenario where communication is carried over a Gaussian channel with antipodal signaling +radicP and -radicP. We show that a necessary condition on the amount of power needed in order to guarantee reliable communication is that P must scale as 1/NlogL when L rarr infin
Sales Taxation in a Global Economy

Abstract This paper examines the hard-to-tax (HTT) problem as it relates to the operation of the retail sales tax in general and particularly in the context of an increasingly global economy, with freer trade and factor mobility and heightened horizontal tax and market competition. HTT is often couched in terms of the ability to tax areas of the economy where tax evasion is easiest and tax administration is weakest. We broaden this notion to consider the problem in terms of tax avoidance and in terms of the political difficulties of taxing certain aspects of the economy.
Why do tubulin gene families lack diversity in flagellate/ciliate protists?

Considerable amino acid sequence diversity is found among tubulin isotypes encoded by tubulin gene families in animal, higher plant, and fungal systems. In contrast, relatively little diversity is found among the isotypes produced by the gene families in a number of flagellate or ciliate protists. It is possible that proper assembly of the axoneme requires a homogeneous pool of tubulin subunits and that the axoneme thus provides a stringent selection against amino acid replacement substitutions among tubulin genes in these systems.
Granulomatous interstitial nephritis

Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is a rare entity detected in ∼0.5-0.9% of all renal biopsies. GIN has been linked to several antibiotics such as cephalosporins, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. It is also associated with NSAIDs and granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, fungal infections, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Renal biopsy is critical in establishing this diagnosis, and the extent of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis may aid in determining prognosis. Retrospective data and clinical experience suggest that removal of the offending agent in conjunction with corticosteroid therapy often results in improvement in renal function. We describe a patient with a history of multiple spinal surgeries complicated by wound infection who presented with confusion and rash with subsequent development of acute kidney injury. Urinalysis demonstrated pyuria and eosinophiluria, and renal biopsy revealed acute interstitial nephritis with granulomas. These findings were attributed to doxycycline treatment of his wound infection. This review explores the clinical associations, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this uncommon cause of acute kidney injury.
Congenital malformations: Are they more prevalent in populations with a high incidence of consanguineous marriages?

There is the impression that congenital malformations are more prevalent in populations with a high intermarriage rate, including Saudi Arabia. Although some studies have been reported from other parts of the country 1-6 or neighboring countries, none has specifically addressed the population of the Al-Hasa area in the Eastern Province, where consanguineous marriages are very common, nor specifically the relationship with consanguineous marriage. We therefore undertook a study of the congenital anomalies diagnosed within the first few days after birth in infants delivered in our institution.
Balancing daylight, glare, and energy-efficiency goals: An evaluation of exterior coplanar shading systems using complex fenestration modeling tools

Abstract Exterior shades are the most effective way to control solar load in buildings. Twelve different coplanar shades with different geometry, material properties, and cut-off angles were investigated for two California climates: the moderate San Francisco Bay Area climate and a hot and dry Southern California climate. The presented results distinguish themselves from other simulation studies by a newly developed method that combines three research-grade software programs (Radiance, EnergyPlus, and Window 7) to calculate heat transfer, daylight, and glare resulting from optically-complex fenestration systems more accurately. Simulations were run for a case with constant electric lighting and a case with daylighting controls for a prototypical, internal load dominated office building. In the case of daylighting controls, the choice of slat angle and solar cut-off angle of a fixed exterior slat shading system is non trivial. An optimum slat angle was identified for the considered cases. Material properties (e.g., solar and visible reflectance) did not affect energy use if constant electric lighting was assumed, but they did have a significant influence on energy use intensity (EUI) when daylighting controls were assumed. Energy use increased substantially when an additional interior shade was used for glare control.
Connecting Refugees to Substance Use Treatment: A Qualitative Study

An emerging body of literature identifies substance use as a growing concern among refugees resettling in the United States. Like immigrants, refugees may face cultural, linguistic, or systems barriers to connecting with mainstream substance use treatment programs, which may be compounded by refugees' unique experiences with exposure to trauma, displacement in refugee camps, and resettlement. This qualitative study explores factors that support and prevent refugees from connecting with chemical health treatment. Fifteen participants who identified as social service or public health professionals who work with refugees responded to an online, semistructured survey about their experiences referring refugees to substance use treatment. Resulting data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes emerged identifying a lack of culturally informed treatment models, policy issues, and client characteristics such as motivation and past trauma as barriers to engaging with treatment. Ongoing case management and coordination were identified as important to successful linkage. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of how to support refugees seeking substance use treatment and suggest that developing trauma informed, culturally relevant models of treatment that are integrated with primary health care and geographically accessible may enhance treatment linkage.
Complex Litigation: Tobacco Light Action Dims

Commentary and analysis of the Second Circuit decision in McLaughlin v. American Tobacco Co. (2d Cir. April 3, 2008), repudiating district judge Jack Weinstein’s class certification of so-called “light” cigarette smokers. The plaintiffs pursued the class action under civil RICO claims. The Second Circuit’s decision curtailed the utility of using civil racketeering claims as a basis for classwide mass tort relief. The court concluded that the proposed smokers’ class suffered from “an insurmountable deficit of collective legal or factual questions.” The decision also dealt a blow to the possibility of aggregate fluid-damage models for economic harms, often asserted in class litigation. The court held that the fluid recovery approved by Judge Weinstein offended the Rules Enabling Act, as well as the due process clause. This article surveys the history of mass tort litigation pursued against tobacco companies and the evolution of theories of recovery over time.
WebWise: the Washington University Genome Sequencing Center's web site.

The first web site review in the WebWise series is an overview and navigation guide for Washington University Genome Sequencing Center’s (GSC) web site (http: / /genome.wustl.edu/gsc/ gschmpg.html). This sequencing center has established a high-throughput DNA sequencing facility and has committed the resources required to establish and maintain a World Wide Web site. Those who have been involved in establishing and maintaining a web site will understand that it is a large effort and requires a continuing commitment. Thus, while acknowledging the wealth of data available at these web sites, this review will also acknowledge when the data presentation is inconsistent or incomplete. It is important to note, however, that web sites continue to evolve and often undergo major revision. Therefore, each review reflects the status of the web site prior to publication of each issue. Although each report provides some comparison across a set of standard features found at many sites, each survey will also highlight any special features available at the web site. Reviews will emphasize the main features of these web sites and provide an overview of the general organization, informational resources, map and sequence data presentation and availability, search services, and availability of additional software tools. The main intent of this series is to provide a guide to the location, quantity, and quality of the data to facilitate your use of each web site. Finally, it may be useful to have each web site open on your computer as you read each article.
The extent and character of differentiation in Tanzanian agricultural and rural society 1967-1969

The availability in recent months of research results from two major fact-finding investigations dealing with small-bolder agricwture and rural society in Tanzania makes it possible to provide valuable summary indications of crucial aspects of the scope, outcome and nature of the process of differentiation which over the years has been going on in Tanzanian rural society.
Dual Mate-Seeking Strategies in Male Syrphid Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Male syrphids utilized 2 basic strategies to find females: patrolling blossoms and waiting near potential oviposition sites. Both these mate-seeking areas are aggressively defended against conspecific and some nonconspecific intruders. The patrolling behavior of Mallota bautias (Walker), M. posticata (F.), Somula decora Macquart, and Spilomyia hamifera Loew and the waiting behavior of M. posticata and S. decora are described. In the morning, most males patrolled flowering plants which commonly grow near forests to locate females that were feeding on blossoms. They periodically interrupted patrolling to rest on leaves, to feed on blossoms, or to chase flying insects. In the afternoon, M. posticata and S. decora waited in mating territories around rot cavities (i.e., oviposition sites) to mate with females arriving to oviposit. Male syrphids sought females only near flowers and rot cavities, resources that predictably attracted females. Mating sites and behaviors are given for 25 species of syrphids in the subfamily Milesiinae. Eight of these utilized dual mate-seeking strategies. The adaptive value of each strategy is discussed, and these strategies are compared to those found in some other insects.
The effect of increased contact activation time on the activated partial thromboplastin time.

With the kaolin-cephalin activated partial thromboplastin time technic, the plasmas of persons who have Fletcher factor deficiency have shown considerable shortening of clotting times when contact activation has been lengthened from 3 (PTT-3) to 10 minutes (PTT-10). The authors demonstrate that in plasmas of most normal individuals, and in coagulopathies of other sorts, only slight shortening usually occurs. Abnormal shortening occurs in plasmas of a few otherwise normal people, the “slow activators,” and patients receiving coumarin drugs, who have greatly prolonged prothrombin times. Longer activation may produce greatly prolonged PTT’s in plasmas containing heparin in relatively high concentrations. The authors discuss the significance of these findings.
Survey of medical examiner office computerization. From the National Association of Medical Examiners (N.A.M.E.).

Following a suggestion that the National Association of Medical Examiners (N.A.M.E.) develop a N.A.M.E. Information Center (NIC), N.A.M.E. conducted a survey to evaluate the current status of medical examiner office automation (computerization) in the United States. Responses were received from 80 unique reporting areas, including 75 medical examiner offices, which represent approximately 30% of the 258 medical examiner jurisdictions in the country. A total of 58 responders (65%) indicated that their office was automated. At least 38 states have one or more automated death investigation office, and electronic data exist for approximately 145,000 deaths per year, or approximately 30% of all deaths certified by medical examiners and coroners annually and approximately 6% of all deaths per year in the United States. Although computerized offices vary substantially in size and in their choice of hardware and software, a typical computerized medical examiner office (a) is in a single county with 1,000-6,000 death reports per year, (b) keeps electronic records on all cases reported, (c) uses an IBM or compatible personal computer (PC) or PC network with off-the-shelf software, (d) stores data on cause of death, manner of death, how injuries occur, and toxicology results, and (e) is interested in sharing its data. Considerable electronic death investigation data exist that can provide timely and valuable information for mortality and public health studies.
State Interest Group Research and the Mixed Legacy of Belle Zeller

How well are the state- and national-level literatures on interest representation connected? We identify landmark studies at both levels and conclude that there is little cross-fertilization between them. Rather, the landmark state studies are more descriptive, and focus on a trade-off between group and party power, reflecting the legacy of Belle Zeller, while the national-level studies are embedded in theories used in the broader discipline and, therefore, focus on different processes. One consequence of this is that the national literature does not cite state-level studies very often. We conclude with recommendations for enhancing the impact and theoretical contribution of the state literature on interest organizations and the politics of interest representation.
Governing Algorithms: Myth, Mess, and Methods

Algorithms have developed into somewhat of a modern myth. On the one hand, they have been depicted as powerful entities that rule, sort, govern, shape, or otherwise control our lives. On the other ...
Using Advertising Age Instead of a Textbook as an Alternate Approach in the Teaching of Advertising

This paper deals with how upper-level advertising students in three classes over two academic years felt about using a weekly publication, Advertising Age, as the course textbook. Their perceptions of benefits experienced and learning that occurred from such usage have been evaluated. As a group, they wholeheartedly endorsed the technique for a variety of pertinent reasons. Analysis of data from two different academic years showed no significant difference. There is a paucity of research in teaching advertising with a non-traditional textbook and this original work begins to assess this approach.
The anatomy of the spinal cord pain paths: a review.

(1986). The Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Pain Paths: A Review. The Journal of The American Paraplegia Society: Vol. 9, No. 3-4, pp. 28-38.
Gene Expression Profiling of Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica napus

Isolated microspores from selected cultivars of Brassica napus readily form embryos in culture after mild heat stress treatments (32°C for 1–3 days). Transcript profiling methods were used to identify differentially-expressed genes as well as shifts in metabolism during the early stages of microspore embryogen-esis. Approximately 20,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from cDNA libraries representing freshly-isolated microspores (0 hours) and microspores cultured for 3, 5 or 7 days under embryogenesis-inducing conditions were prepared. In silico analyses of ESTs and semi-quantitative and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based profiling identified differentially-regulated gene clusters and 16 genes that could be used as specific markers for microspore embryogenesis. These molecular marker genes also were expressed during zygotic embryogenesis, underscoring the common developmental path ways that function during zygotic and gametic embryogenesis. Future studies will focus on characterization of embryogenesis-related genes and development of fluorescently-labeled gene/protein probes to precisely mark and isolate early stages of microspore embryogenesis.
Integrating spirituality with practice and social justice: The challenge for social work

ABSTRACTWe know that people come to spirituality or faith differently and develop different ways of spiritual understanding and faith, something that is true of clients but also of social work practitioners. At the same time, we are not always willing to publicly discuss these issues. One reason is that when spirituality is discussed, people fear its meaning can be lost. However, this is an important issue for social workers, as clients often want to talk about their spirituality and want social workers to acknowledge it. This article attempts to broaden the discussion on spirituality by emphasizing aspects of human nature with the integrative nature of spirituality. It also seeks to highlight the link between spirituality and social justice and to call on social workers’ sense of social justice so it can be incorporated into practice.
Abyssinian Cat Model of AA Amyloidosis: SAA Gene Analysis

Amyloidosis of the amyloid A (AA) -type develops fairly frequently in Abyssinian cats and is similar in many respects to the amyloidosis associated with FMF in humans. To reveal clues about the pathogenetic mechanism of amyloid formation, we have studied the SAA genes in these cats. The study was approached by amplifying SAA exon 4 sequences from genomic DNA, cloning the amplification products into M13, and determining the exon 4 sequences of 7-9 clones from each of 4 cats. The 12 different sequences that were present among 32 clones could be grouped into 3 sequence motifs. All 4 cats had sequences belonging to each of the three motifs, but no cat had more than 2 sequences of any one motif, suggesting that the slightly different sequences within a motif were allelic. These sequence data, along with the results of Southern analyses, provide evidence that there are a minimum of three genes and multiple alleles for SAA in the cat.
FCS-MPC with PNSC reference generation method for a 3L-NPC inverter under grid faults

Nowadays, grid faults consist anxious problem for grid inverters controller design. Conventional controllers are based on linear regulators such as PI and PR. This paper proposes a model predictive algorithm based on PNSC reference generation method to control the 3L-NPC inverter under grid voltage sags. The novel algorithm allows the easy inclusion of system nonlinearities, thus no additional fine tuning parameters are required. Moreover, no additional phase-locked loop synchronization technique is needed, reducing system complexity. A SOGI filter is added for voltage sequences extraction. The overall discrete model of the system is developed. Two-step horizon MPC algorithm is introduced for time delay compensation. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed technique in terms of low harmonic line current content, low switching frequency operation, DC voltages balancing, good dynamic response and robustness to grid sags.
Late Pleistocene and mid-Holocene climate change derived from a Florida speleothem

Abstract A stalagmite collected from Brooksville Ridge Cave in west-central Florida was deposited from ∼30 to 20 kyr BP, encompassing Heinrich event 2 (H2), and from ∼5 to 4 kyr BP, the later part of the mid-Holocene. The H2 event in the speleothem occurs at ∼24 kyr BP which is temporally similar to its timing in other paleoclimate reconstructions. However, the oxygen and carbon isotope values indicate the climate in Florida was relatively warm and wet for a glacial period rather than extremely cool and dry, as seen in other regions. The higher temperatures and increased precipitation, compared to the preceding climate state, produced a shift towards enhanced vegetation growth (dense forest) during this period. One possible cause is the faltering of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation, due to increased glacial meltwater input, thereby preventing heat transfer via the Gulf Stream from the tropics to the northerly latitudes. This change in the circulation would lead to warmer Gulf of Mexico and subtropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). These higher SSTs would promote an increase in convective thunderstorm activity due to higher evaporation rates. However, to give this shift some paleoclimate perspective, the average mid-Holocene speleothem oxygen isotope values were more depleted by ∼1‰ indicating even warmer temperatures and higher precipitation amounts compared to the glacial period. Additionally, the carbon isotopes show a ∼3‰ shift towards more negative values, indicating a more heavily forested west-central Florida. The variability within both the mid-Holocene and Late-Pleistocene data support the possibility of atmospheric teleconnections between the tropics/subtropics and northerly latitudes contributing to shorter-term shifts in precipitation amount superimposed on the larger-scale glacial-interglacial isotopic composition of the speleothem.
Let's Go to the Movies! Using Film to Illustrate Basic Concepts in Public Administration

Although both the practical and philosophical roots of modem public administration rise from the Egyptian and Chinese dynasties, as from the Greek polis and Roman imperium, the academic discipline of public administration has to a large extent developed directly pursuant to Wilson's Study of Administration. The use of films as teaching tools enriches teaching by framing pedagogic content in ways that enable students to discover the relationship of academic concepts to their own life experience. To use movies and other popular art forms as tools for teaching, and to invite students to explore them as tools for learning, is a risky venture. It requires that academicians move away from the forms of communication at which we tend to excel to those in which we also become students. But isn't this what real teaching is about?
Facilitated Communication for Children with Autism: An Examination of Face Validity.

Although there has been ample controversy about the need for validation studies of facilitated communication (FC), FC proponents have outlined minimum guidelines for increasing the naturalistic man...
Geographic Patterns of Craft Breweries at the Intraurban Scale

This article examines the intraurban geography of craft breweries in ten cities across the United States. First, through an exhaustive literature review, we outline both supply- and demand-side factors that might cause craft breweries to cluster. Second, we empirically test whether these establishments tend to cluster within cities using spatial statistical techniques. Many communities are attempting to support the establishment of more craft breweries as a way to boost tourism and economic development. The findings from this article aid in this discussion by providing insights into how craft brewers locate and the factors that could influence their location decision behavior. Our findings suggest that craft brewers do in fact cluster. There are both supply and demand factors responsible. On the supply side, the collaborative environment within the industry and the artisan nature of the industry's products allows for benefits of clustering to outweigh the costs associated with this behavior. On the demand...
The Financial Detective, 2016

This is an updated version of "The Financial Detective, 2005" (UVA-F-1486). The case presents the student with financial ratios for eight pairs of unidentified companies and asks them to mate the description of the company with the financial profile derived from the ratios. The primary objective of this case is to introduce students to financial ratio analysis—in particular, the range of ratios and the insights each one affords. This case presumes that students have already been introduced to the definitions of various financial ratios through other readings or lectures. The structured exploration of pairs of companies within an industry affords a number of important insights into strategy and financial performance. First, the economics of individual industries account for significant variations in financial ratios because of differences in technologies, product characteristics, or competitive structures. Second, financial performance results from managerial choices: within industries, the wide variation in financial ratios is often a result of the differences in corporate strategy in marketing, operations, and finance. For those reasons, this case is a good springboard into subsequent classes, which deal with the interaction of strategy and financial performance. Excerpt UVA-F-1763 Rev. Dec. 8, 2016 The Financial Detective, 2016 Financial characteristics of companies vary for many reasons. The two most prominent drivers are industry economics and firm strategy. Each industry has a financial norm around which companies within the industry tend to operate. An airline, for example, would naturally be expected to have a high proportion of fixed assets (airplanes), while a consulting firm would not. A steel manufacturer would be expected to have a lower gross margin than a pharmaceutical manufacturer because commodities such as steel are subject to strong price competition, while highly differentiated products like patented drugs enjoy much more pricing freedom. Because of each industry's unique economic features, average financial statements will vary from one industry to the next. Similarly, companies within industries have different financial characteristics, in part because of the diverse strategies that can be employed. Executives choose strategies that will position their company favorably in the competitive jockeying within an industry. Strategies typically entail making important choices in how a product is made (e.g., capital intensive versus labor intensive), how it is marketed (e.g., direct sales versus the use of distributors), and how the company is financed (e.g., the use of debt or equity). Strategies among companies in the same industry can differ dramatically. Different strategies can produce striking differences in financial results for firms in the same industry.
Believing is Seeing: Biased Viewing of Body-Worn Camera Footage

Body-worn camera (BWC) footage is expected to be objective, thereby improving transparency. But can other information about an incident affect how people perceive BWC footage? In two experiments, we examined the effects of officer-generated misinformation and outcome information on people's memory for an event. Participants viewed BWC footage and/or read an officer's report containing misleading information. Some participants learned the officer was punished, some that the citizen was arrested. Participants then answered questions exploring their memory for the facts, the extent to which they relied on the officer's misinformation in judging who was at fault, and their impressions of the officer and civilian. Even when participants saw the BWC footage, their conclusions were consistent with the officer's misinformation. Moreover, participants’ attitudes toward police predicted their interpretation of the footage, suggesting BWC footage is unlikely to be perceived objectively. We explain our results in terms of misinformation effects and confirmation bias.
Repeat: a framework to assess empirical reproducibility in biomedical research

The reproducibility of research is essential to rigorous science, yet significant concerns of the reliability and verifiability of biomedical research have been recently highlighted. Ongoing efforts across several domains of science and policy are working to clarify the fundamental characteristics of reproducibility and to enhance the transparency and accessibility of research. The aim of the proceeding work is to develop an assessment tool operationalizing key concepts of research transparency in the biomedical domain, specifically for secondary biomedical data research using electronic health record data. The tool (RepeAT) was developed through a multi-phase process that involved coding and extracting recommendations and practices for improving reproducibility from publications and reports across the biomedical and statistical sciences, field testing the instrument, and refining variables. RepeAT includes 119 unique variables grouped into five categories (research design and aim, database and data collection methods, data mining and data cleaning, data analysis, data sharing and documentation). Preliminary results in manually processing 40 scientific manuscripts indicate components of the proposed framework with strong inter-rater reliability, as well as directions for further research and refinement of RepeAT. The use of RepeAT may allow the biomedical community to have a better understanding of the current practices of research transparency and accessibility among principal investigators. Common adoption of RepeAT may improve reporting of research practices and the availability of research outputs. Additionally, use of RepeAT will facilitate comparisons of research transparency and accessibility across domains and institutions.
Does an open-ended design project increase creativity in engineering students?

Many schools are incorporating project-based interdisciplinary exercises into their engineering curriculum in order to develop the qualitative and quantitative skills simultaneously. It has been shown that introducing design in a freshman engineering course has a positive impact on retention, stimulates interest in engineering and enhances communication, teaming and time management skills. But can design also improve creativity? Or, to be more specific, would an open-ended design project improve creativity in engineering students? In the fall of 2015, an innovative design project was used in a first-year engineering course at Michigan Technological University. Students were given the task to develop a prototype of a new product or an improvement on an existing product. While some of the tasks were defined throughout the semester, the product they created was completely up to the team. It was thought that the open-ended nature of the project and the product itself being new or innovative would help improve their creativity. Students completing this project were given a 55 question pre- and post-assessment. This assessment included several measures of general creativity and entrepreneurial intentions: Oreg's Resistance to Change Scale (RTC), the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory (CEI), and the Zampetakis & Moustakis Scale (Z & M Scale). This paper focuses on the development and evaluation of this open-ended design project for first-year engineering students and the results of the various measures of creativity.
Optimizing inpatient bed capacity to improve care delivery

We consider the problem of partitioning clinical services in hospitals into groups with the goal of efficiently allocating existing inpatient beds. At the strategic level, there are two major possibilities: pooling versus focusing. Pooling the bed capacity allows one to achieve an overall high occupancy level for a fixed number of beds. On the other hand, focusing by dividing the capacity into groups with restricted access may offer increased efficiency and better resource utilization. We derive a two-stage schema to address the 3-fold problem: 1) how many groups of services to form; 2) how many beds to allocate to each group; and 3) how to partition services among the groups. Stage 1 uses cluster analysis utilizing the similarity principle for possible advantages of economies of scale, coupled with queueing-based optimization models to obtain a set of candidate groups. Stage 2 incorporates utility/benefit functions to optimize the partitions and allocation of beds. Three full-scale examples demonstrate the flexibility and diverse application of our framework with managerial insights for different utility optimization goals and queueing systems.
Yoga's potential for promoting healthy eating and physical activity behaviors among young adults: a mixed-methods study

A regular yoga practice may have benefits for young adult health, however, there is limited evidence available to guide yoga interventions targeting weight-related health. The present study explored the relationship between participation in yoga, healthy eating behaviors and physical activity among young adults. The present mixed-methods study used data collected as part of wave 4 of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a population-based cohort study in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Young adults (n = 1820) completed the Project EAT survey and a food frequency questionnaire, and a subset who reported practicing yoga additionally participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 46). Analyses of survey data were used to examine cross-sectional associations between the frequency of yoga practice, dietary behaviors (servings of fruits and vegetables (FV), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and snack foods and frequency of fast food consumption), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Thematic analysis of interview discussions further explored yoga’s perceived influence on eating and activity behaviors among interview participants. Regular yoga practice was associated with more servings of FV, fewer servings of SSBs and snack foods, less frequent fast food consumption, and more hours of MVPA. Interviews revealed that yoga supported healthy eating through motivation to eat healthfully, greater mindfulness, management of emotional eating, more healthy food cravings, and the influence of the yoga community. Yoga supported physical activity through activity as part of yoga practice, motivation to do other forms of activity, increased capacity to be active, and by complementing an active lifestyle. Young adult yoga practitioners reported healthier eating behaviors and higher levels of physical activity than non-practitioners. Yoga should be investigated as an intervention for young adult health promotion and healthy weight management.
PI(4,5)P2 Binding Sites in the Ebola Virus Matrix Protein Modulate Assembly and Budding

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes sever hemorrhagic fever in humans, can cause death in a large percentage of those infected, and still lacks FDA approved treatment options. In this study, we investigated how the essential EBOV protein, VP40, forms stable oligomers to mediate budding and assembly from the host cell plasma membrane. An array of in vitro and cellular assays identified and characterized two lysine rich regions that bind to PI(4,5)P2 and serve distinct functions through the lipid binding and assembly of the viral matrix layer. We found that when VP40 binds PI(4,5)P2, VP40 oligomers become extremely stable and long lived. Together, this work characterizes the molecular basis of PI(4,5)P2 binding by VP40, which stabilizes formation of VP40 oligomers necessary for viral assembly and budding. Quercetin, a natural product that lowers PI(4,5)P2 in the plasma membrane, inhibited budding of VP40 VLPs and may inform future treatment strategies against EBOV.
Pathogenesis of dementia: updating the role of synuclein pathology in sporadic and hereditary Alzheimer’s disease

α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a 140 amino acid highly conserved [1] protein that is expressed in neurons and highly enriched in the presynaptic terminal [2, 3]. The initial suggestion that α-syn may play a role in the neuropathology of dementia came from studies by Ueda and colleagues who demonstrated that 2 amino acid fragments of α-syn co-purified with amyloid from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain and they called these fragments the non-Aβ component of amyloid plaques or NAC [4]. Upon cloning of a larger precursor protein, referred to as the NAC precursor (NACP), homology was found with synuclein, a protein identified in cholinergic synaptic vesicle preparations of the Torpedo ray [5]. Efforts to understand the contribution of α-syn to neurodegenerative diseases were further stimulated by the discovery of two mutations in the α-syn gene in rare kindreds with autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) [6, 7]. These efforts led to the identification of α-syn as a major component of the Lewy bodies (LBs) and dystrophic neurites of PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and the LB variant of AD (LB VAD) [8–16] as well as the glial and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of multiple system atrophy (MSA) [16–25]. Concurrent investigations also postulated a role for α-syn in the regulation of synaptic plasticity with the demonstration of a relationship between the expression of synelfin, the avian homologue of α-syn, and synaptic plasticity in the Zebra finch song learning circuit [2]. Recently, further investigations into the role of α-syn in AD have raised additional questions about synuclein pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases.
Hello from the Other Side: Museum Educators' Perspectives on Teaching the Holocaust.

ABSTRACTMuseums often cite supporting teachers and schools as a goal, and museum educators frequently create resources or provide professional development for this audience, though the two entities have little contact. This qualitative study sought to examine the perspectives of museum educators at a regional Holocaust museum as they planned and presented two-week-long professional development workshops for educators. Pre-workshop and post-workshop interviews were conducted with three museum educators responsible for the workshops, which were also observed in their entirety. Findings indicate that all three museum educators believed the Holocaust to be difficult knowledge. However, each approached the topic in a different manner based on their personal experience and understanding of Holocaust education, resulting in three vastly different presentation styles. These varied presentations resulted in an uneven focus on content, with few concrete classroom connections. The article concludes by discussing imp...
Compliance viewed as programming a damped spring

Parts mating often requires the use of compliant motions, which cause an object in the grasp of a robot to slide along obstacles in its environment. This paper is about the interface between a compliant motion programming system and a compliant motion control system. We propose that in this interface the robot can be modeled as a damped spring. This model allows the programming system to specify and reason about compliant motions without worrying about low-level control details. The utility of the damped spring model is demonstrated by applications in teaching and planning of compliant motion strategies.
Image Collection, Analysis, and Reconstruction by Computer

Automated image processing has facilitated new insight into complex data; for example it is no longer necessary to view a three-dimensional specimen as a series of two-dimensional slices. A three-dimensional image can be reconstructed, and this new image can be electronically rotated or subsections of it studied at high resolution, although a more common application is automated statistical characterization of a complex two-dimensional image. Parameters can be measured and aspect statistics calculated on a large enough population to make such numerical characterization impossible by manual means. We must recall the concept of empty magnification versus resolution when we hear that it is possible to magnify up to one thousand or more by video microscopy with a low-resolution objective. Classical principles still apply to these new techniques.(1)
Theories and Measurement of Productivity and Technological Change

The U.S Commercial Aircraft Industry experienced its initial period of rapid growth after the passage of the Kelly Act of 1925 and the Air Commerce Act of 1926. The Air Commerce Act provided, among other things, for the certification of aircraft types in order to promote greater safety. The first Approved Type Certificate (ATC) given under the Air Commerce Act was issued for the Buhl Airster C-3Am, a three-seat, open cockpit biplane, in 1927. By the end of 1931, more than 450 ATCs had been issued to 79 differently named aircraft manufacturers. Of these, 104 aircraft types were land planes with four or more seats intended for use as commercial transports.1 Most of the manufacturers were unable to produce an economically successful aircraft in sufficient quantities to permit them to stay in business, and thus many existed from the aircraft manufacturing market. Among the early causalities were now unfamiliar aircraft manufacturers: Buhl, Alexander, American, Kreutzer, Hamilton, Bach, Ogden, Emsco, and Cunnigham-hall.2 By 1932 there were 23 different types of planes representing nine different manufacturers in use by the then principal carriers in the U.S., among them were some legendary manufacturers such as Fokker, Ford, Boeing, Douglas, Fairchild, Stinson, Lockheed, Curtis and Northrop. In 1933, only five manufacturers supplied new aircraft to the airline industry.
Mapping Return Values of Extreme Wind Speeds

Structures subjected to wind loads must be designed to perform adequately from the points of view of stress and serviceability. Wind loading specified for design is based in part on the wind speeds affecting the site of interest. A particular quantity of interest in design is the N-year extreme wind speed, regardless of its direction, at a location of interest, defined by its longitude and latitude. Wind maps consisting of isotachs for N-year extreme wind speeds defined in building codes and standards are therefore required for structural design purposes. Alternatively, numerical versions of maps can be developed wherein automatic interpolations are performed that yield the N-year speeds at points defined by longitude and latitude. The raw data to be analyzed to develop the map are irregular time series of wind speeds above a specified threshold at multiple wind reporting stations. This work presents a two-stage approach to creating the map. The first stage involves the estimation of the parameters of an extreme value distribution at each station. In the second stage an interpolant based on the estimated parameters is created so that the N-year extreme wind speeds may be estimated at the geographical coordinates of interest. Standard errors and confidence bounds for the estimates are calculated using a non-parametric bootstrap algorithm. Results are presented for a region within Kansas, and those results are compared to the ASCE 7-10 Standard over the same region.
Survival endpoints with or without lymphadenectomy in women with stage I endometrial carcinoma: A matched-pair analysis.

e17105Background: The role of regional lymphadenectomy (LA) in women with stage I endometrial carcinoma (EC) is controversial. The objective of the study is to determine the prognostic impact of LA...
Exploring the relationships among practitioners’ consultation skills, competence to counsel lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients, and attitudes toward transgender people

Consultation is an intervention that can diffuse expertise in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) issues throughout systems of care. Practitioners (N = 145) were surveyed o...
A Rare Case of Grey Zone Lymphoma Successfully Treated with Brentuximab Vedotin and R-CHP Chemotherapy

Introduction. The diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL), also referred to as grey zone lymphoma (GZL), is a challenging diagnosis. There are no standardized guidelines; however, evidence strongly suggests that DLBCL-based regimens are effective in the treatment of GZL. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an anti-CD30 antibody drug conjugate that has established efficacy in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin and some T-cell lymphomas. There is some evidence that BV has a positive response in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with a wide range of CD30 expressions—including GZL. Case. We present a case of a patient initially diagnosed with cHL who underwent repeat biopsy which was revealed to be GZL. Based on PET scanning and immunohistochemical studies, she was classified as a stage IIIA CD20+/CD30+ GZL patient. Given her strong CD30 expression, she underwent 6 cycles of R-BV-CHP (rituximab, brentuximab vedotin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone) chemotherapy and achieved complete response (CR) both clinically and radiographically. Discussion. Given the rarity of GZL, this case illustrates the immense challenges in making the diagnosis, discusses the current treatment options, and suggests that BV may be a viable therapeutic candidate in the treatment of GZL.