cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetism in an oxide semiconducting glass

The magnetic structure of a 55 mol% FeO–45 mol% P2O5 semiconducting glass containing various relative concentrations of Fe3+ and Fe2+ has been studied by ESR techniques over the temperature range −190 to 300 °C. It was determined that the iron ions in the glass matrix are antiferromagnetically coupled in Fe3+–Fe2+ ion pairs. The isolated Fe3+−Fe2+ ion pairs. The isolated Fe3+ ions were found to be in orthorhombic crystalline fields with λ = 1/3 and 0.23 < D < 0.8 cm−1, where D and λ are constants in the spin Hamiltonian. Heat treatment of the glass samples caused precipitation of Fe3+-rich crystalline phases, and it was determined that the Fe3+ ions in these phases were antiferromagnetically aligned. Die magnetische Struktur eines 55 Mol% FeO– 45 Mol% P2O5-Halbleiterglases mit verschiedenen Konzentrationen von Fe3+- und Fe2+-Ionen wurde mittels ESR im Temperatur-bereich von −190 bis 300 °C untersucht. Es wird gefunden, das die Eisenionen im Glas in antiferromagnetischen Fe3+−Fe2+-Paaren auftreten. Die isolierten Fe3+-Ionen befinden sich in orthorhombischen Kristallfeldern mit λ = 1/3 und 0,23 < D < 0,8 cm−1, wobei D und λ Konstanten im Spin-Hamiltonian sind. Eine Erhitzung des Glases verursachte einen Fe3+-reichen Kristallniederschlag, und es wurde festgestellt, das die Fe3+-Ionen im Niederschlag antiferromagnetisch ausgerichtet sind.
Electrophysiological changes during stimulus generalization

Begleiter and Platz have reported systematic changes in the visual evoked potential after a visual stimulus was paired with a train of clicks following a classical conditioning and extinction procedure. In order to test for stimulus generalization, 15 college students were given acquisition trials with an arrow, pointing either straight up or down, as the CS+ and CS−. Test trials were given with arrows rotated 10 deg from the training stimuli. Differences in the waveform recorded at the vertex to the positive and negative generalization stimuli were statistically significant.
Introduction: A Historical Perspective

Antisocial behavior in childhood is one of the most ominous predictors of future serious psychopathology (Robins, 1966). The purpose of this section is to present some of the current ways in which investigators are exploring the subject of antisocial behaviors in children. Unless we are able to increase our understanding of the etiology, treatment, and prevention of delinquency, it is a certainty that many of the children seen presently in child guidance clinics because of antisocial behaviors will be psychiatrically hospitalized or living marginal existences as adults (Robins, 1966). The psychobiological exploration of childhood deviance comes after a long period of time when psychoanalytic and social theories dominated the field of delinquency. Aichhorn (1925), Healy and Bronner (1936), Bowlby (1944, 1951), Anna Freud (1949), Johnson (1949), Glueck and Glueck ( 1950), Greenacre (1950), and others focused on the effect of intrapsychic mechanisms and parental attitudes on children’s deviant behaviors. Simultaneously, and perhaps in reaction to the failure of psychiatrists to pay sufficient attention to social influences on behavior, sociologists called attention to environmental factors contributing to delinquency. They encouraged the examination of cultural biases affecting the interpretation of deviance (Becker, 1963; Shaw and McKay, 1942). Sociological
Post-socialist hybrids

Focusing on the architectural and media design of the New European landscape of Poland, this article introduces the concept of `post-socialist hybridity' as a metaphor to capture the contradictions...
Application of structural symmetries in the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method for three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides

The plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method (TMM) exhibits a peculiar advantage of being capable of solving eigenmodes involved in an infinite photonic crystal and electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in finite photonic crystal slabs or even semi-infinite photonic crystal structures within the same theoretical framework. In addition, this theoretical approach can achieve much improved numerical convergency in solution of photonic band structures than the conventional plane-wave expansion method. In this paper we employ this TMM in combination with a supercell technique to handle two important kinds of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal waveguide structures. The first one is waveguides created in a 3D layer-by-layer photonic crystal that possesses a complete band gap, the other more popular one is waveguides built in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. These waveguides usually have mirror-reflection symmetries in one or two directions perpendicular to their axis. We have taken advantage of these structural symmetries to reduce the numerical burden of the TMM solution of the guided modes. The solution to the EM problems under these mirror-reflection symmetries in both the real space and the plane-wave space is discussed in a systematic way and in great detail. Both the periodic boundary condition and the absorbing boundary condition are employed to investigate structures with or without complete 3D optical confinement. The fact that the EM field components investigated in the TMM are collinear with the symmetric axes of the waveguide brings great convenience and clarity in exploring the eigenmode symmetry in both the real space and the plane-wave space. The classification of symmetry involved in the guided modes can help people to better understand the coupling of the photonic crystal waveguides with external channels such as dielectric slab or wire waveguides.
SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROSPINNING OF A NOVEL FLUORESCENT POLYMER PMMA-PM FOR QUENCHING-BASED OPTICAL SENSING

ABSTRACT This work presents the synthesis of a new fluorescent polymer and its applicability for optical sensing using the electrospinning technique for the fabrication of nanofibrous membrane sensors. A new fluorescent monomer was first synthesized by coupling reactions between methacryloyl chloride and a pyrene derivative, 1-pyrene butanol. Fluorescent polymers containing different ratios of pyrene were then obtained by the copolymerization of this monomer with methylmethacrylate using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. These polymers show distinct and well-defined fluorescence that is characteristic of the pyrene chromophores. Quenching-based optical chemical sensors were then fabricated by the electrospinning technique. The preliminary results show that these sensors have an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to the target analyte 2, 4-dinitro toluene than sensors formed from continuous thin films. This is believed to be due to the higher surface area to volume ratio of the electrospun n...
A detector system for cosmic ray electrons

Abstract The construction, operation and calibration of a balloon-borne counter telescope is described. The instrument is designed for a measurement of cosmic ray electrons in the energy range from 15 MeV to 15 GeV. Results of calibrations on electron accelerators for energies between 10 MeV and 6 GeV are compared with predictions from shower theory. The detector has an energy resolution between 20 and 40 percent for electrons and discriminates efficiently against protons. The geometry factor is 18 cm 2 sterad.
Misconception, Reality, and Uncertainty about Ecological Interactions and Risks between Hatchery and Wild Salmonids

Abstract Hatchery and wild fish advocates often engage in lively debates about the ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish. Many arguments about ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish have been fueled by a variety of misconceptions, scientific uncertainties, and differences of unstated objectives. In order to reduce the frequency of unfruitful discussions, it is important to expose a variety of misconceptions and scientific uncertainties about ecological interactions and risk. In addition, it is necessary to synthesize what is currently known about ecological interactions. Seven misconceptions, three realities, and four of the most important scientific uncertainties are described. I conclude that ecological interactions between hatchery and wild fish will occur but whether those interactions are biologically significant, socially acceptable, and whether any impacts are statistically detectable are probably dependant upon the characteristics of the hatchery program, naturally...
Colour Eliminativism or Colour Relativism

(2012). Colour Eliminativism or Colour Relativism? Philosophical Papers: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 305-321.
Consequences of chronic hepatitis C : a review article for the hematologist

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been cloned, and assays capable of detecting antibody to HCV recombinant proteins (anti-HCV) have been developed. Concurrent with the cloning and development of the anti-HCV screening tests, trials with interferon alfa-2b have documented biochemical and histologic improvement in the indices of hepatitis C and non-A, non-B (NANB) in patients who were chronically infected. Subsequently, the anti-HCV assays and interferon alfa-2b have become clinically available. These new detection and treatment modalities can now be used in the management of hemophilics and other chronically transfused patients who bear great risk for blood-borne infections and manifest signs of chronic hepatitis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing blood concentrations of chlordiazepoxide: A use of multiple regression analysis

Three groups of male and female subjects aged 24–74 years received 25, 100, or 200 mg of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride by mouth as a single dose or as two divided doses. The relation of plasma or whole blood concentrations for chlordiazepoxide (CDX) and its metabolite, desmethylchlordiazepoxide (DMCDX), to time since the last dose, weight, age, and sex were determined by simple and multiple regression analyses. Both CDX and DMCDX levels were negatively correlated with weight. Concentrations of CDX decreased, while those of DMCDX increased, with the time since the last dose. Lower levels of both drugs were associated with female sex, and lower levels of DMCDX were noted with increasing age. In the largest sample group, age and weight were more important variables than sex in accounting for CDX and DMCDX. Sex was of significance, and more important than time or age in explaining the variance of CDX in one series of observations. Multiple regression analysis is a useful approach to assessing interrelated factors influencing blood levels of drugs, especially when combined with a consideration of the interactive components of variance. Age and sex, in addition to weight and time, may be important factors that deserve further attention.
Prodynorphin immunoreactivity is located in different neurons than proenkephalin immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of rats.

Abstract Reported here is a description of the distribution and cellular morphology of neurons containing dynorphin B immunoreactivity (IR) and a comparison with cells containing bovine adrenal medullary peptide IR in the cerebral cortex of colchicine treated rats. Dynorphin B-IR was found in bipolar and multipolar cells in neocortical layers II–III and V–VI and in pyramidal and polymorph cells in olfactory cortical layers II and III. In the hippocampus, dynorpin B-IR was found in dentate granule cells and multipolar cells. In Fisher rats, dynorphin B was also found in cells in the subiculum and in CA1. The extensive regional overlap in the distribution of cortical neurons containing prodynorphin and proenkephalin IR prompted a detailed comparison of their localization. In double immunostained tissue, dynorphin B-IR was demonstrated to occur in different neurons than those containing BAM22P-IR in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats.
Reassessment of groin anatomy during the evolution of preperitoneal hernia repair

Background Need to define accurately groin anatomy as visualized by the preperitoneal approach. Methods Dissections of the right groin in 135 fresh male cadavers carried out during autopsy examination. Documentation by photographs and notes. Results Classic descriptions of groin anatomy confirmed for the most part. Errors concerning the lacunar ligament and conjoined tendon identified. Accurate descriptions, applicable to groin hernia repair, provided of the iliopubic tract, transversus abdominis arch and aponeurosis, femoral canal, and related structures. Conclusions Improved communication and understanding by and among surgeons regarding groin anatomy is needed.
Inter-basin Water Transfer: Ecological Concerns

Abstract The concept of transferring water from one river basin to another has evolved over centuries as a useful means of meeting water demands. However, such projects have the potential for serious ecological impacts, including introduction of nonindigenous organisms, changes in water quality and hydrologic regimes, and alteration of habitat. Although limited progress has been made in the last 20 years regarding our understanding of site-specific ecological consequences of inter-basin water transfer, research to date is inadequate for assessment of water transfer impacts. It is imperative that we develop coordinated research methodologies to be incorporated into the planning and evaluation of inter-basin water transfer projects.
The yeast two-hybrid system for studying protein—protein interactions

A great number of investigators are currently employing the yeast two-hybrid system to study protein-protein interactions. Recent applications and newer configurations of the technique include yeast strains with improved selectivity and screens for false-positive clones.
Landscape‐level constraints on recruitment of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin, USA

1. The decline of salmonid populations in the Pacific Northwest has been well-documented. It is unclear, however, which threats to salmonid persistence are the most serious, and how best to prioritize recovery efforts intended to ameliorate these threats. 2. It has been argued previously that one possible cause of salmon endangerment is degradation of spawning grounds. In order to explore this hypothesis, this study examines the relationships between chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) productivity and landscape-level characteristics of spawning grounds in the interior Columbia River Basin. 3. Population productivity is expressed as the mean and maximum recruitment rates for different stocks, measured from 1980 to 1990; habitat conditions are calculated using sub-watershed scale data on land cover, land use, water quality and watershed hydrology. 4. Significant linear regression results were obtained for three environmental variables: percentage of land classified as urban, proportion of stream length failing to meet water quality standards, and an index of the ability of streams to recover from sediment flow events. A multiple regression with all three variables accounts for over 60% of the variation in mean salmon recruitment. 5. It further appears that these landscape attributes may limit the maximum recruitment rates of salmon, with a magnitude of difference in productivity large enough to be relevant to recovery planners. Additional study will be necessary to identify cause-and-effect linkages between habitat quality and salmon recruitment success, and to determine the ultimate impact of changes in recruitment rates on short- and long-term salmon population trajectories. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbal Skills as Factors in the Passageless Validation of Reading Comprehension Tests

Summary.-The reading passages from the Minnesota Scholastic Aptitude Test were removed from the test booklet and the 30 remaining comprehension questions administered to two adult populations, 101 college freshmen and 17 college faculty. In their answers to these passageless reading comprehension questions, both groups scored better than chance. Comparison of faculty with freshman scores suggested the hypothesis that verbal skills may be a prominent factor in this task. Correlations of freshman scores on the passageless Minnesota Scholastic Aptitude Test with other measures of their verbal skills were moderately high and significant. Analysis of the test items provided further corroboration of the hypothesis. By administering passageless reading comprehension tests, several recent studies challenge the validity of many of our most prominent and popular comprehension instruments. Among the tests which have been called into question are the Iowa Silent Reading Test (Tuinman, 1974), the Nelson-Denny Reading Test (Farr & Smith, 1970; Pyrczak, 1972), the Cooperative English Test (Preston, 1974), the Traxler High School Reading Test (Pyrczak, 1974), and the Metropolitan Achievement Test (Tuinman, 1974). The method of these validation studies is to present students with the questions from a reading comprehension test while withholding the passages to which the questions refer. This method provides a measurement of (1) the number of questions which can be answered without reading the passage and (2) the ease with which such questions can be answered. The rationale for the method is that items which can be answered in this manner measure other factors than reading mastery of a given text. The present study was designed to examine the validity of the reading comprehension sections of the Minnesota Scholastic Aptitude Test and to assess the extent to which verbal skills may influence performance on this kind of validation technique. METHOD The test booklet consists of five pages, each of which follows the same format. At the top of each page is a paragraph, followed by six comprehension questions which are ostensibly about the paragraph. In the middle of each page are three "same-opposite" questions. At the bottom of each page are six analogy questions. For this study, all the reading passages were obliterated from the booklets, but the comprehension questions and remaining parts were left intact.
When vocabularies of motive fail: The example of fatal child abuse

Many social theorists emphasize people's capacity for empathic understanding, shared meanings, and forgiveness. They argue that norm violators can achieve social redemption by offering excuses and justifications. The findings from this study show that this is not always true. Evidence from the case records of caretakers accused of killing their children showed that the majority did not try to explain their actions by invoking excuses and justifications. They either pretended they had no idea what happened to the child or constructed a fictional cause of the child's death which made themselves appear innocent. The minority who attempted to explain why they killed a child received little or no forgiveness. These findings show that some norm violations cannot be translated into acceptable vocabularies of motive.
Avian flu from an occupational health perspective

Although a pandemic scenario necessarily involves a situation in which a large number of people become infected in a nonoccupational setting, past infectious disease events have highlighted the unique role that occupational exposure may play in the emergence of disease in humans. While small-scale poultry farmers have already demonstrated their high risk of exposure and subsequent infection with H5N1 avian flu, other bird handling occupations may also be at high risk. In this review article, the author highlights the occupational health aspects of a newly emerging infectious disease, H5N1 avian flu, and the efforts being made by various authorities to confront the possibility of the next flu pandemic. Various measures potentially available to protect high-risk workers are outlined, emphasizing a hierarchy of controls in which these measures can be placed. The author postulates that, by reducing the risk of transmission of avian flu to these workers, occupational medicine can play a pivotal role in the world's effort to prepare for a pandemic, and may be uniquely positioned to contribute to the effort to delay or even avert the emergence of the next pandemic.
UTILIZATION OF APPROPRIATE PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES IN ASSESSING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S PERSONAL SPACE AND BODY ORIENTATION

Sumtnary.--65 preschool children were assessed for use of personal space and body orientation with a model-room projective technique and video tapes of behavior in the actual setting. Correlations were computed to express the relarionship between the projected and observed physical distance and bodyorientation scores. In the case of distance and body-orientation variables, zero correlations were obtained between the projecrive measures and the means of observed measures obtained by time sampling the video recordings. Development of personal space has been investigated using a variety of techniques and has resulted in divergent patterns of findings (Duke & Nowicki, 1972). Methods of inquiry haye included projective, quasi-projective and unobtrusive techniques; however, the validity of using projective measures for the assessment of interpersonal distance has met with substantial criticism (Cronji & Moller, 1976; Knowles & Johnson, 1974). Use of live assessment and quasiprojective measures has met with only moderate correlations and mixed results (Aiello & Thompson, 1980). It is Aiello's ( 1976) contention that the association between actual space usage and indirect measures is very weak and that none of the projective or quasi-projective measures employed are significantly related to the subjects' actual (observed) distance behavior. Projective and observational studies of the development of personal space have primarily focused on individuals of middle childhood age and older (Lomram, Shapira, Choresh, & Gilac, 1975; Scherer, 1974; Schofield & Sagar, 1977), and have neglected to examine the use of projective techniques with preschool aged children. The present study was undertaken to elaborate on Aiello and Thompson's ( 1980) position that caution should be used when interpreting investigations using projective and quasi-projective techniques and to study the usefulness of these techniques with preschool-aged children. In keeping with Jones and Aiello's (1973) suggestion that researchers observe more than one proxemic behavior, body orientation was also recorded. This was accomplished by utilizing a projective instrument requiring figure placement in a model room (Peterson, 1980) and video-taping the actual space use and body-orientation of preschool children.
Molecular alterations in hepatocyte transport mechanisms in acquired cholestatic liver disorders.

Recent advances in the molecular cloning of membrane transport systems that determine bile forma- tion have facilitated studies of the molecular mechanisms of cholestatic liver disease. The present review summarizes what has been learned about the molecular alterations of these membrane transporters in hepatocytes and cholan- giocytes in acquired cholestatic liver disorders. Much of this information has been obtained from the study of animal models of cholestasis and from more limited studies in clinical cholestatic liver diseases. Many of these responses may be interpreted as adaptations that serve to diminish cholestatic liver injury.
Solar Wind and Micrometeorite Effects in the Lunar Regolith

Using available data from the literature, an outline is formulated for the major physical and chemical effects expected during solar-wind bombardment of the lunar regolith. In agreement with results of Auger and other analyses of the composition of lunar grain surfaces, this outline predicts that solar-wind sputtering will tend to clean exposed grain surfaces by ejecting material at velocities exceeding lunar escape velocity. Results are also discussed which show that Fe is partially reduced in the outer few 10 nm of grain surfaces and that this reduced Fe forms 10-nm-diameter metal spheres throughout the glass during agglutinate formation by micrometeorite impacts. These metal spheres give the agglutinates their distinctive optical and magnetic properties and are partially responsible for the decreasing albedo of the lunar surface with exposure age.
Inhibition of spinal nitric oxide synthase by Nω-nitro-l-arginine blocks the release of met-enkephalin and antinociception induced by supraspinally administered β-endorphin in the rat

Abstract The antinociception induced by β -endorphin given supraspinally has been demonstrated previously to be mediated by the release of Met-enkephalin acting on δ 2 -opioid receptors in the spinal cord. The present study was designed to determine the role of nitric oxide in the spinal cord on β -endorphin-induced release of Met-enkephalin and antinociception. The experiments were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The release of Met-enkephalin was performed using a spinal cord perfusion technique and the Met-enkephalin released in the spinal perfusates was measured by radioimmunoassay. Antinociception was assessed by the tail-flick test. β -Endorphin (2 μ g) given intraventricularly induced the release of Met-enkephalin from the spinal cord. The release of Met-enkephalin was dose-dependently attenuated by N ω -nitro- l -arginine (0.1 nM–1 μ M) added into spinal perfusates and the attenuation was reversed by intrathecally applied l -arginine. The stereoisomer N ω -nitro- d -arginine given intrathecally, however, did not inhibit the release of Met-enkephalin induced by intraventricularly administered β -endorphin. β -Endorphin (4 μ g) given intraventricularly produced antinociception in rats pretreated intrathecally with saline. The antinociception induced by β -endorphin was blocked by intrathecally administered N ω -nitro- l -arginine (5 μ g) and the blockade of antinociception was reversed by intrathecal injection of l -arginine (50 μ g). N ω -Nitro- d -arginine (5 μ g) given intrathecally did not block the intraventricularly administered β -endorphin-induced antinociception. N ω -Nitro- l -arginine (10 μ g) given intraventricularly did not affect intraventricularly administered β -endorphin-induced Met-enkephalin release nor did it affect intraventricular β -endorphin-induced antinociception, indicating that the effect of N ω -nitro- l -arginine is not at supraspinal sites. Intrathecal pretreatment with N ω -nitro- l -arginine did not affect intrathecally administered [ d -Ala 2 ]deltorphin II-induced antinociception. Our results indicate that N ω -nitro- l -arginine given intrathecally attenuates intraventricular β -endorphin-administered inhibition of the tail-flick response by presynaptically inhibiting the release of Met-enkephalin.
Prescription drug take-back programs.

![Figure][1] The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created a federal guidance that provides a list of 27 medications recommended for disposal by flushing, since the risk of ingestion outweighs the environmental risk.[1][2],[2][3] FDA and
MR imaging of chiari ii malformation associated with dysgenesis of cerebellum and brain stem

Extensive cerebellar hypogenesis is rare in Chiari II malformation and, to our knowledge, has not been described in modern radiological literature. In our case near total absence of cerebellar tissue and "underdevelopment" of the brain stem were noted in a patient with several characteristic features of Chiari II malformation.
HRR ATR performance enhancement at low-SNR using beamspace HDI

Multi-look adaptive weighting (MAW) is an adaptive beamforming method of improving target high range resolution (HRR) signatures for automatic target recognition (ATR) systems. The primary goal in developing MAW is the concern with improving the probability of correct classification (Pcc) and reducing the probability of false classification (Pfc) in ATR systems. An additional objective, driven by operational considerations, is to reduce the radar resources required to achieve a desired Pcc and Pfc. We have shown in previous HRR ATR studies on ground military targets that a significant classifier performance gain can be obtained if speckle noise and scintillation in HRR profiles are reduced through noncoherent averaging of multiple independent coherent processing intervals (CPIs) that are separated by small changes in azimuth angles. Given the advantage of using multi-look CPIs on HRR ATR performance, we have designed MAW specifically to take advantage of the multiple independent CPIs in forming the HRR profiles. From a radar resource perspective, for an HRR ATR system to be operationally useful, the system must operate at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the range of 20-25 dB. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical foundation underlying MAW and present corresponding MAW-processed HRR ATR results at 20-25db SNR compared against other image processing techniques such as weighted fast Fourier transform (FFT) and high definition vector imaging (HDVI). These results are based upon HRR profiles formed from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of targets taken from the high quality Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) data set. We also discuss the impact these image processing techniques have on the HRR ATR performance in terms of radar resources.
Abstract 4196: MSH3 mediates sensitization of colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin, oxaliplatin and a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Introduction:The MSH3 gene is one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes that has undergone somatic mutation frequently in MMR-deficient cancers. MSH3, together with MSH2 forms the MutSβ heteroduplex, which interacts with interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) induced by drugs such as cisplatin and psoralen. However, the precise role of MSH3 in mediating the cytotoxic effects of ICL-inducing agents remains poorly understood. MethodsIn this study, we first examined the effects of MSH3 deficiency on cytotoxicity caused by cisplatin and oxaliplatin, another ICL-inducing platinum drug. Results: Using isogenic HCT116-derived clones in which MSH3 expression is controlled by shRNA expression in a tet-off system, we discovered that MSH3 deficiency sensitized cells to both cisplatin and oxaliplatin at clinically relevant doses. Interestingly, siRNA-induced down-regulation of the MLH1 protein did not affect MSH3-dependent toxicity of these drugs, indicating that this process does not require participation of the canonical MMR pathway. Furthermore, MSH3-deficient cells maintained higher levels of pH2AX after oxaliplatin treatment in comparison to MSH3-proficient cells, suggesting that MSH3 plays an important role in repairing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). This role of MSH3 was further supported by our findings that MSH3-deficient cells were sensitive to olaparib, a Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Moreover, the combination of oxaliplatin and olaparib exhibited more than 10-fold increase in toxicity compared to either treatment individually. Conclusion:Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that MSH3 deficiency contributes to the cytotoxicity of platinum drugs through deficient DSB repair. These data lay foundation for the development of effective prediction and treatments for cancers with MSH3 deficiency. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4196. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4196
Low temperature circular dichroism of poly (glycyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine).

Abstract The circular dichroism of poly(glycyl- l -prolyl- l -alanine) ‡ , a synthetic polytripeptide analogue of the non-polar regions of collagen, was investigated in ethylene glycol-water solution (2:1, v v ) over the temperature range of −112 °C to + 24 °C. Lowering of the temperature results in an increased optical activity of (Gly-Pro-Ala)n. At −112 dgC (Gly-Pro-Ala)n exhibits circular dichroism maxima and minima similar in position, but not as large as those observed for guinea pig skin collagen. A comparison of the low-temperature circular dichroism of (Gly-Pro-Ala)n with that of poly- l -proline II and collagen (in the same solvent and at the same temperature) indicates that the observed increase in optical activity of (Gly-Pro-Ala)n is not the result of temperature-dependent solvent effects. Thus the observed increase in optical activity of (Gly-Pro-Ala)n with decreasing temperature is the result of an increase in the amount of periodic structure present in the polymer. Although it is not possible to specify the structure formed in (Gly-Pro-Ala)n at low temperatures in solution, the far ultraviolet circular dichroism is consistent with the structure being a triple helix of the type present in collagen and suggested for (Gly-Pro-Ala)n in the solid state.
Witnessing postevents does not change memory traces, but can affect their retrieval

The results of three experiments suggest that a memory trace for an event is not altered by witnessing similar events, but that postevents can interfere with its retrieval. On an immediate recall test, details from an original story (e.g. wrench) were recalled less often if a subsequent story mentioned a 'screwdriver' than if it did not. The interference effect occurred if people were asked to recall details fromboth stories (tool ---- ----), but not if people were asked to recall primarily from the first story. Thus, the interference effect in immediate recall was averted if the target trace could be activated selectively (Experiments 1a and 1b). A more general interference effect was found after a day. Fewer targets from the original story were recalled if the second story was presented just before the test than if both stories occurred a day earlier. Thus, the second story interfered with recall only if it emphasized contextual retrieval cues that did not match the trace for the targets (Experiment 2). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
OT3-01-13: Phase One Trial of Combined Temsirolimus, Erlotinib, and Cisplatin in Advanced Solid Tumors.

Background: A large subset of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are driven in part by a combination of activated growth factor signaling and downstream constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway. One therapeutic strategy is to target each driver simultaneously, requiring an understanding of drug interactions and combined toxicities. There is a strong correlation between loss of PTEN and both expression of EGFR and mutation of p53 in a subset of TNBC. Single agent trials targeting EGFR in breast cancer have been a disappointment likely, in part, due to constitutive downstream activation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR signaling, mainly through loss of PTEN expression. Preclinical studies have demonstrated 1) that resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in the setting of an activated PI3K pathway can be overcome with rapamycin (which inhibits the TORC1 mTOR complex), and 2) that a subset of TNBC cells with p53 mutations are particularly sensitive to the DNA damaging agent cisplatin due to their high expression of p63 and p73. We have hypothesized that targeting the EGFR, PTEN and DNA damage pathways simultaneously with the rapalog temsirolimus, the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, and cisplatin will provide therapeutic benefit in a definable subset of TNBC patients. Design: Single institution phase one dose escalation trial of combined temsirolimus, erlotinib, and cisplatin in advanced solid tumor patients. Cisplatin and temsirolimus are given on day 1 and day 8 of 21 day cycles and erlotinib is taken daily without interruption. Patients are dose escalated using a standard 3+3 design. Cisplatin is given at a fixed dose of 30 mg/m2. Erlotinib was started at 100 mg and will be escalated to 150 mg. Temsirolimus was started at 15 mg, and after erlotinib escalation, will be escalated to 25 mg. The objectives of the study are: 1) characterize toxicity of the regimen and establish combined maximal tolerated dosing, 2) measure drug target inhibition by assessing EGFR, AKT, and mTOR activation in serial assessments of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin biopsies, 3) measure the pharmacokinetics of all three drugs in combination, and 4) exploratory assessment of molecular measures of PTEN, EGFR, and p53 status, and markers of activated downstream pathways in patient9s archived pathology specimens to assess feasibility of identifying candidate biomarkers in future trials involving patients with TNBC. Eligibility criteria include one prior treatment for advanced disease, ECOG PS=0-1, measurable or non-measurable disease, available archived tumor sample, non-smoking, normal renal function, and lack of concurrent use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers. Because of significant rash encountered in prior combination trials of EGFR and TORC1 inhibitors, a prophylactic oral doxycycline strategy supported by randomized trials is being employed. Current accrual is 6 out of a possible 18 patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-13.
The Politics of Handel's Early London Operas, 1711–1718

Athough aristocratic Whigs were the primary supporters of opera during the last years of Queen Anne's reign, Whig publicists launched a series of attacks against Italian opera that revealed social and ideological tensions within the party. The Earl of Shaftesbury, an ardent Whig, gave intellectual weight to the Whig aristocratic taste for opera, but proponents of the popular theater remained unconvinced that this foreign art form could be reconciled with Whig principles. Handel's operas reflected, as well as responded to, these debates.
Second harmonic generation from the surface of centrosymmetric particles in bulk solution

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is reported for the first time from the surfaces of centrosymmetric particles in bulk isotropic solution. Although SHG is generally described as electric dipole forbidden in centrosymmetric systems, we show that this requires the system to be centrosymmetric on length scales much less than the coherence length of the process. This condition is not satisfied for micron-size particles, and accordingly we have observed a strong SH signal from various particles of this length scale. This promising discovery provides a powerful spectroscopic method for the investigation of physical and chemical processes on the surfaces of microscopic centrosymmetric particles.
Enhancing stimulability: A treatment program

Recent research on stimulability and generalization suggests that treatment of nonstimulable sounds results in maximum treatment gains (Powell, Elbert, & Dinnsen, 1991). It has also been suggested, however, that nonstimulable sounds are more difficult to teach, especially to young children with very small phonetic inventories. In this article, we describe a treatment program designed to increase the size of the phonetic inventory by "teaching" stimulability. Application of the treatment approach is demonstrated in a case study.
Controlled Exposure of Humans with Metabolic Syndrome to Concentrated Ultrafine Ambient Particulate Matter Causes Cardiovascular Effects

Many studies have reported associations between air pollution particles with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (fine particulate matter (PM)) and adverse cardiovascular effects. However, there is an increased concern that so-called ultrafine PM which comprises the smallest fraction of fine PM (aerodynamic diameter <0.1 μm) may be disproportionately toxic relative to the 0.1-2.5 μm fraction. Ultrafine PM is not routinely measured in state monitoring networks and is not homogenously dispersed throughout an airshed but rather located in hot spots such as near combustion sources (e.g., roads), making it difficult for epidemiology studies to associate exposure to ultrafine PM with adverse health effects. Thirty four middle-aged individuals with metabolic syndrome were exposed for 2 h while at rest in a randomized crossover design to clean air and concentrated ambient ultrafine particles (UCAPS) for 2 h. To further define potential risk, study individuals carrying the null allele for GSTM1 (a prominent antioxidant gene) were identified by genotyping. Blood was obtained immediately prior to exposure, and at 1 and 20 h afterward. Continuous Holter monitoring began immediately prior to exposure and continued for 24 h. Based on changes we observed in previous CAPS studies, we hypothesized that ultrafine CAPS would cause changes in markers of blood inflammation and fibrinolysis as well as changes in heart rate variability and cardiac repolarization. GSTM1 null individuals had altered cardiac repolarization as seen by a change in QRS complexity following exposure to UCAPS and both the entire study population as well as GSTM1 null individuals had increased QT duration. Blood plasminogen and thrombomodulin were decreased in the whole population following UCAPS exposure, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) and SAA were increased. This controlled human exposure study is the first to show that ambient ultrafine particles can cause cardiovascular changes in people with metabolic syndrome, which affects nearly a quarter of the U.S. adult population.
A fundamental solution for the heat equation which is supported in a strip

Abstract A fundamental solution is constructed for the heat operator which is defined on all of Rn+1 and vanishes for t ⩽ 0 and for t ⩾ ϵ. This solution is constructed so that it has as mild a growth as possible for ¦ x ¦ → ∞ . It is applied to the solution of the inhomogeneous heat equation with the right side supported in a strip.
The split-cross-bridge resistor for measuring the sheet resistance, linewidth, and line spacing of conducting layers

A new test structure was developed for evaluating the line spacing between conductors on the same layer by using an electrical measurement technique. This compact structure can also be used to measure the sheet resistance, linewidth, and line pitch of the conducting layer. Using an integrated-circuit fabrication process, this structure was fabricated in diffused polycrystalline silicon and metal layers. These structures were measured optically and electrically, and these measured value were compared. For the techniques used, the optical measurements were typically one-quarter micrometer greater than the electrical measurements for the polysilicon and metal layers. Most electrically measured line pitch values were within 2 percent of the designed value. A small difference between the measured and designed line pitch is used to validate sheet resistance, linewidth, and line spacing values. Test results confirm the structure's self-checking feature based on the line pitch. That is, a small difference between the measured and designed line pitch is used to validate sheet resistance, linewidth, and line spacing values. Rules for designing the test structure are presented in detail.
Adaptive Control of a Human Wrist Motion Simulator

This article presents a hierarchical adaptive algorithm for controlling a human wrist motion simulator (WMS). The WMS is a computer-controlled, electromechanical system that permits the application...
Revision shoulder arthroplasty for glenoid component loosening.

Although glenoid component loosening has been recognized as a common reason for failure after total shoulder arthroplasty, there are few studies on the outcome of revision surgery for this problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the outcome of patients who underwent revision for glenoid component loosening. Between 1976 and 2002, 68 shoulders in 66 patients underwent revision for glenoid loosening at our institution. Group I consisted of 33 shoulders that underwent placement of a new glenoid component, and group II consisted of 35 shoulders that had removal and bone grafting without glenoid reimplantation. Follow-up averaged 3.8 years for group I and 6.2 years for group II. There was significant overall improvement in pain from preoperatively to postoperatively in both groups ( P = .0001). Pain relief occurred in 23 of 33 shoulders in group I and in 24 of 35 in group II ( P = .9203). Regarding range of motion, there was no significant change from preoperatively to postoperatively ( P > .05), except for active elevation in group I ( P = .0387). Patient satisfaction occurred in 24 in group I and in 19 in group II ( P = .1150). The rate of survival free of reoperation at 5 years was 91% (95% confidence interval, 81% to 100%) in group I and 78% (95% confidence interval, 63% to 96%) in group II ( P = .3019). When the Neer result rating was applied, 9 shoulders in group I and 3 in group II had an excellent or satisfactory result ( P = .0432). Twenty shoulders had late positive cultures, most commonly, Propionibacterium acnes. Glenoid revision surgery will often lead to pain relief and patient satisfaction. There is a slight clinical benefit to reimplanting a glenoid component whenever structurally possible. Positive cultures in revision surgery are common, with uncertain clinical significance.
Inactivation and stimulation of the frontal pursuit area change pursuit metrics without affecting pursuit target selection

The frontal pursuit area (FPA) lies posterior to the frontal eye fields in the frontal cortex and contains neurons that are directionally selective for pursuit eye movements. Lesions of the FPA (al...
Diagnosing Bacterial Respiratory Infection by Bronchoalveolar Lavage

We prospectively evaluated 75 patients by fiber-optic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the presence of bacterial lower-respiratory-tract infection. BAL specimens were cultured quantitatively for aerobic bacteria, and a cell differential was obtained of the BAL cell population. In 18 "control" patients without evidence of respiratory infection, the presence of Mqfo squamous epithelial cells (SECs) in the BAL sample accurately predicted the presence of heavy contamination of the sample by oropharyngeal flora. In the remaining "study" patients with potential infection, polymorphonuclear leukocytes were readily identified, and potential lower-respiratory-tract pathogens were recovered in concentrations MO5 colony-forming units (cfu) per milliliter in 16 of 18 patients with bacterial infection (none had M^o SECs in their BAL sample). No patients without evidence of bacterial infection and with ^qfo SECs had MO5 cfu/ml in BAL cultures. These studies establish the ability of BAL techniques to diagnose bacterial respiratory infection.
Robust shift and add approach to superresolution

In the last two decades, many papers have been published, proposing a variety of methods for multi-frame resolution enhancement. These methods, which have a wide range of complexity, memory and time requirements, are usually very sensitive to their assumed model of data and noise, often limiting their utility. Different implementations of the non-iterative Shift and Add concept have been proposed as very fast and effective super-resolution algorithms. The paper of Elad & Hel-Or 2001 provided an adequate mathematical justification for the Shift and Add method for the simple case of an additive Gaussian noise model. In this paper we prove that additive Gaussian distribution is not a proper model for super-resolution noise. Specifically, we show that Lp norm minimization (1≤p≤2) results in a pixelwise weighted mean algorithm which requires the least possible amount of computation time and memory and produces a maximum likelihood solution. We also justify the use of a robust prior information term based on bilateral filter idea. Finally, for the underdetermined case, where the number of non-redundant low-resolution frames are less than square of the resolution enhancement factor, we propose a method for detection and removal of outlier pixels. Our experiments using commercialdigital cameras show that our proposed super-resolution method provides significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency.