cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What’s in the R- Stars for Korea?

Korea’s stars tell of an economy saddled with a real neutral rate (r-star) that has declined significantly in recent decades and is currently below zero. This reflects a significant decline in trend growth, and two large financial crises that triggered significant shifts in the saving-investment balance. Larger fiscal deficits and frothy financial conditions since 2012 have helped offset rising demand for safer assets, preventing the neutral rate from falling further. Nonetheless, the fall in the neutral rate, coupled with its effects on asset returns, has complicated the task of monetary policy stabilization. Korea’s neutral rate is likely to remain low over the medium-term and could fall further, reflecting a structural savings-investment imbalance owing to declining productivity and a rotation in demographics increasing the demand for precautionary saving and convenience yield, and widening the capital risk premia. The COVID pandemic risks magnifying these trends.
Quenched magneto-association of ultracold Feshbach molecules

We study enhanced magneto-association of atoms into weakly bound molecules near a Feshbach resonance using a quench preparatory stage. In anticipation of experiments with NASA's Cold Atom Laboratory aboard the International Space Station, we assume as a baseline a dual-species $(^{87}\mathrm{Rb} \mathrm{and} ^{41}\mathrm{K})$ gas in a parameter regime enabled by a microgravity environment. It includes subnanokelvin temperatures and dual-species gases at densities as low as ${10}^{8}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Our studies indicate that, in such a regime, traditional magneto-association schemes are inefficient due to the weak coupling between atomic and molecular states at low densities, thus requiring extremely long magnetic field sweeps. To address this issue we propose a modified scheme in which atoms are quenched to unitarity before proceeding with magneto-association. This modified scheme substantially improves molecular formation, allowing for up to $80%$ efficiency within timescales much shorter than those associated with atomic and molecular losses. We show that this scheme also applies at higher densities, therefore proving to be of interest in ground-based experiments as well.
Factors associated with baseline and serial changes in circulating NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in a population-based cohort (Dallas Heart Study)

Aim: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) associate with structural heart disease and heart failure risk in individuals without known cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few data are available regarding whether factors influencing levels of these two biomarkers are similar or distinct. We performed serial measurement of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT in a contemporary multiethnic cohort with extensive phenotyping, with the goal of identifying their respective biological determinants in a population without known or suspected CVD. Methods: We evaluated 1877 participants of the Dallas Heart Study who had NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT measured and were free from clinical CVD at the each of its two examinations (2000-2002 and 2007-2009). Variables collected included demographic and risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, body composition via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, coronary artery calcium by computed tomography, and cardiac dimensions and function by cardiac MRI. Linear regression was used to identify associations of these factors with each biomarker at baseline and with changes in biomarkers over follow-up. Results: NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were poorly correlated at baseline (Spearman rho 0.083, p = 0.015), with only moderate correlation between change values (rho 0.18, p < 0.001). hs-cTnT positively associated and NT-proBNP inversely associated with male gender and black race. At baseline, both NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT associated with left ventricular end-diastolic volume and wall thickness, but only NT-proBNP associated with left atrial size. Changes in cardiac dimensions between phases were more strongly associated with changes in NT-proBNP than hs-cTnT. NT-proBNP was more strongly associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and measures of body composition than hs-cTnT. Conclusion: Among individuals without CVD in the general population, NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT are nonredundant biomarkers that are differentially associated with demographic and cardiac factors. These findings indicate that hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP may reflect different pathophysiological pathways.
Characterization and correction of serial deferred charge in LSST camera ITL CCDs

Electro-optical testing and characterization of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time Camera has shown that the focal plane charge-coupled devices developed by Imaging Technology Laboratory exhibit serial deferred charge signal in excess of the expected proportional deferred charge loss from global charge transfer inefficiency. We model the additional deferred charge as resulting from localized charge trapping in the serial register and from a signal-dependent electronic offset effect. A physically motivated forward deferred charge simulation algorithm and a reverse deferred charge correction algorithm were developed in order to correct for deferred charge during data reduction and reduce the possible impacts on Rubin Observatory project science goals. We apply the correction algorithm to calibration data and demonstrate the ability to reduce deferred charge signal measured in the overscan pixel regions and remove the serial pixel correlations resulting from the redistribution of charge between pixel neighbors during readout.
Coupling Mixed Mode Chromatography/ESI Negative MS Detection with Message-Passing Neural Network Modeling for Enhanced Metabolome Coverage and Structural Identification

A key unmet need in metabolomics continues to be the specific, selective, accurate detection of traditionally difficult to retain molecules including simple sugars, sugar phosphates, carboxylic acids, and related amino acids. Designed to retain the metabolites of central carbon metabolism, this Mixed Mode (MM) chromatography applies varied pH, salt concentration and organic content to a positively charged quaternary amine polyvinyl alcohol stationary phase. This MM method is capable of separating glucose from fructose, and four hexose monophosphates a single chromatographic run. Coupled to a QExactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer with negative ESI, linearity, LLOD, %CV, and mass accuracy were assessed using 33 metabolite standards. The standards were linear on average >3 orders of magnitude (R2 > 0.98 for 30/33) with LLOD < 1 pmole (26/33), median CV of 12% over two weeks, and median mass accuracy of 0.49 ppm. To assess the breadth of metabolome coverage and better define the structural elements dictating elution, we injected 607 unique metabolites and determined that 398 are well retained. We then split the dataset of 398 documented RTs into training and test sets and trained a message-passing neural network (MPNN) to predict RT from a featurized heavy atom connectivity graph. Unlike traditional QSAR methods that utilize hand-crafted descriptors or pre-defined structural keys, the MPNN aggregates atomic features across the molecular graph and learns to identify molecular subgraphs that are correlated with variations in RTs. For sugars, sugar phosphates, carboxylic acids, and isomers, the model achieves a predictive RT error of <2 min on 91%, 50%, 77%, and 72% of held-out compounds from these subsets, with overall root mean square errors of 0.11, 0.34, 0.18, and 0.53 min, respectively. The model was then applied to rank order metabolite IDs for molecular features altered by GLS2 knockout in mouse primary hepatocytes.
Globalization, Transnational Corporations, the State and Democracy 37-48

In this article I argue that TNCs are the most powerful actors under globalization. Additionally, I contend that the contradictory relationship between TNCs and the state represents one of the most important aspects of this era. The core of this article, however, probes the issue of future outcomes of globalization. My point is that, while globalization is a response of the dominant groups to the gains and status that subordinate classes obtained under Fordism, it contains important contradictions that allow the possibility for the democratization of contemporary society. Under Fordism, subordinate classes’ gains established never-reached-before levels of substantive democracy. Globalization represents a dominant class’ response to this situation and, above all, an attack on labor and class based movements and the historical Left. Under globalization, the historical Left’s ability to organize and find strength in the factories and agricultural fields has been significantly diminished. Resistance emerged from new social movements. The environmental and consumer movements are two among these new social movements. Because of their focus on quality of life and consumption, they have the possibility to counter TNCs and establish substantive forms of democracy. My point is that these new social movements represent new emancipatory actors in the era of globalization. New emancipatory actors are accompanied by spaces of emancipation. I identify one of these spaces in the state. Because of its contradictory relationship with TNCs, the state is called to support and legitimize corporate actions in a situation in which TNCs tend to by-pass state demands and consequently limit the state’s ability to assist them. This situation opens up a crisis of legitimation in which the state is called to justify actions that it cannot fully control and regulate. I further argue that the contradiction of realization experienced by TNCs is another space of emancipatory action. I argue that TNCs’ need to realize their production – i.e., to sell the commodities they produce in order to transform them into money – makes them vulnerable to new social movements’ demands and create the possibility for more ethically and socially acceptable forms of production. I conclude the article by arguing that, in spite of the above mentioned contradictions and anti-corporate movements, TNCs remain firmly in control of contemporary society. This situation makes the attainment of more democratic conditions a contested terrain whose outcome will be decided by the ability of alternative forces to exploit globalization’s contradictions and use available spaces of emancipation.
Normsets and determination of unique factorization in rings of algebraic integers

The image of the norm map from R to T (two rings of algebraic integers) is a multiplicative monoid S. We present conditions under which R is a UFD if and only if S has unique factorization into irreducible elements. From this we derive a bound for checking if R is a UFD.
Network Strategies, Global Security Governance, and Human Security

Global governance is a term which to date has largely been a descriptive label applied to the complex, heterogeneous structures of world politics. It can be mapped by examining networks using techniques developed in other disciplines, at different junctures whether geographical, temporal, or issue. Beginning with a discussion of what global governance is, the paper explains the contemporary context of security as an historical bloc with many actors involved in providing it, and with a motivating hegemonic ideal known as human security. Using empirical research examples from a range of human and traditional security provision networks, the paper will assess their network characteristics and connect the theoretical implications of this for their effectiveness in the aspect of global security governance known as peacebuilding, the paper presents some possible effects of network structures. The paper ends with a presents a framework of network strategies to be used for effective global security governance in peacebuilding situations: a dense core group that can quickly scale up and down; a network able to call on local knowledge and mobilize local actors, and centralized record keeping.
A Review of “Humanizing Research: Decolonizing Qualitative Inquiry With Youth and Communities”

Paris and Winn's Humanizing Research: Decolonizing Qualitative Inquiry With Youth and Communities is a collection of work from established and emerging community-based researchers, meant to inform ...
Does intraoperative nerve monitoring reliably aid in staging of total thyroidectomies

Objectives/Hypothesis Demonstrate whether intraoperative nerve monitoring is an effective tool in staging bilateral thyroid and neck surgeries in cases of intraoperative injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the side of initial dissection. We hypothesized that IONM provides reliable and appropriate feedback on the functional status of the RLN on side of initial dissection during total thyroidectomy and central neck surgery. Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Methods All patients receiving total thyroidectomies or central neck surgeries were reviewed. The outcomes of patients treated whose procedures were staged based on intraoperative nerve monitoring are described. Results Ten (4.9%) of 206 procedures were staged based on unfavorable signal change including six patients with thyroid cancers and four with compressive substernal goiters. The overall signal drop in the 10 patients with unfavorable signal change was 63%. Three patients had complete loss of signal. In the other seven patients, the signal dropped by a mean of 48%. In the eight patients with laryngoscopy-proven vocal fold paresis, the signal dropped by a mean of 68%. Conclusions Intraoperative nerve monitoring results accurately indicated postoperative ipsilateral vocal cord dysfunction with high reliability. Intraoperative nerve monitoring is a reliable tool in staging thyroid surgery. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 125:2232–2235, 2015
Layered composite thermal insulation system for nonvacuum cryogenic applications

Abstract A problem common to both space launch applications and cryogenic propulsion test facilities is providing suitable thermal insulation for complex cryogenic piping, tanks, and components that cannot be vacuum-jacketed or otherwise be broad-area-covered. To meet such requirements and provide a practical solution to the problem, a layered composite insulation system has been developed for nonvacuum applications and extreme environmental exposure conditions. Layered composite insulation system for extreme conditions (or LCX) is particularly suited for complex piping or tank systems that are difficult or practically impossible to insulate by conventional means. Consisting of several functional layers, the aerogel blanket-based system can be tailored to specific thermal and mechanical performance requirements. The operational principle of the system is layer-pairs working in combination. Each layer pair is comprised of a primary insulation layer and a compressible radiant barrier layer. Vacuum-jacketed piping systems, whether part of the ground equipment or the flight vehicle, typically include numerous terminations, disconnects, umbilical connections, or branches that must be insulated by nonvacuum means. Broad-area insulation systems, such as spray foam or rigid foam panels, are often the lightweight materials of choice for vehicle tanks, but the plumbing elements, feedthroughs, appurtenances, and structural supports all create “hot spot” areas that are not readily insulated by similar means. Finally, the design layouts of valve control skids used for launch pads and test stands can be nearly impossible to insulate because of their complexity and high density of components and instrumentation. Primary requirements for such nonvacuum thermal insulation systems include the combination of harsh conditions, including full weather exposure, vibration, and structural loads. Further requirements include reliability and the right level of system breathability for thermal cycling. The LCX system is suitable for temperatures from approximately 4 K to 400 K and can be designed to insulate liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, or liquid methane equipment. Laboratory test data for thermal and mechanical performance are presented. Field demonstration cases and examples in operational cryogenic systems are also given.
Phytochrome: Function and Properties

Phytochrome is a chromoprotein that serves as the photoreceptor for a wide range of photomorphogenic responses in plants. This chromoprotein exists in two photointerconvertible forms at physiological temperatures. One form absorbs maximally near 665 nm (Pr) and is considered inactive, while the other absorbs maximally near 730 nm (Pfr) and is morphogenically active. Since the discovery of this pigment some 25 years ago (Borthwick, 1972), two different, although not necessarily mutually exclusive, approaches to an understanding of its mode of action have been taken. One approach has been to investigate phytochrome-mediated responses in attempts to deduce the nature of the primary events that lead to these responses. A second approach has been to investigate the biophysical and biochemical properties of the pigment so that a direct path to understanding its molecular mechanism of action might become available.
Revisiting Statistical Aspects of Nuclear Material Accounting

Nuclear material accounting (NMA) is the only safeguards system whose benefits are routinely quantified. Process monitoring (PM) is another safeguards system that is increasingly used, and one challenge is how to quantify its benefit. This paper considers PM in the role of enabling frequent NMA, which is referred to as near-real-time accounting (NRTA). We quantify NRTA benefits using period-driven and data-driven testing. Period-driven testing makes a decision to alarm or not at fixed periods. Data-driven testing decides as the data arrives whether to alarm or continue testing. The difference between period-driven and datad-riven viewpoints is illustrated by using one-year and two-year periods. For both one-year and two-year periods, period-driven NMA using once-per-year cumulative material unaccounted for (CUMUF) testing is compared to more frequent Shewhart and joint sequential cusum testing using either MUF or standardized, independently transformed MUF (SITMUF) data. We show that the data-driven viewpoint is appropriate for NRTA and that it can be used to compare safeguards effectiveness. In addition to providing period-driven and data-driven viewpoints, new features include assessing the impact of uncertainty in the estimated covariance matrix of the MUF sequence and the impact of both random and systematic measurement errors.
Natural Restocking of Forests Following the 1938 Hurricane in Central New England

The New England hurricane of 1938, by destroying many acres of mature and semi-mature forests, initiated new forest associations over a large area. During a decade at the Harvard Forest at Petersham in central Massachusetts, the author was able to participate in a number of studies on the development of these new associations under a variety of conditions. These primarily involve successions following the blowdown of old-field white pine on glacial till soils, although other conditions are also represented. The available data consists of a series of 14 permanent sample plots, mostly 14o acre in size, established in 1940 on various blowdown sites in the Harvard Forest; and a large number of temporary sample plots in the Forest and surrounding townships. These data provide an insight into the development of secondary forest successions following blowdown in central New England with reference to: (1) the relationship of soil types to post-hurricane regeneration, (2) the effect of previous forest association upon the restocking, and (3) the importance of other factors, particularly whether or not the down timber was subsequently logged.
Effect of prosthetic superstructure accuracy on the osteointegrated implant bone interface

Abstract Objective. This study evaluated the biologic result of forces induced by a misfitting prosthetic superstructure on implants placed in a New Zealand white rabbit tibia model. Study design. Nine rabbits had two dental implants placed in both right and left proximal tibias. After 6 weeks, one animal was sacrificed for baseline integration data, and the remaining animals had fitting or misfitting prosthetic superstructures attached to the implants for 12 weeks. Implants were evaluted clinically, radiographically, and histomorphometrically at the scanning electron microscopic level. Results. No clinical, radiographic, or histomorphometric evidence exists of integration failure with implants subjected to superstructure strain, although bone remodeling is noted. Conclusions. Given the limitations of sample size, animal model used, duration of prosthetic superstructure attachment, and loading confounders possible, the study of prosthetic framework misfit must be evaluated with another animal model, such as an intraoral primate model, to determine the relationship between clinical performance and histologic findings.
The hyper-archimedean kernel sequence of a lattice-ordered group

The hyper-archimedean kernel Ar(G) of a lattice-ordered group (hence forth l –group) is the largest hyper-archimedean convex l –subgroup of the l –group G . One defines Ar σ (G) , for an ordinal σ as if a is a limit ordinal, and as the unique l –ideal with the property that Ar σ (G)/Ar. σ–1 (G) = Ar(G/Ar σ–1 (G) ), otherwise. The resulting "Loewy"-like sequence of characteristic l –ideals, Ar(G) ⊆ Ar 2 ( G ) ⊆ … ⊆ Ar σ (G) ⊆ …, is called the hyper-archimedean kernel sequence . The first result of this note says that each Ar σ (G) ⊆ Ar(G) ”. Most of the paper concentrates on archimedean l –groups; in particular, the hyper-archimedean kernels are identified for: D(X) , where X is a Stone space, a large class of free products of abelian l –groups, and certain l –subrings of a product of real groups. It is shown that even for archimedean l –groups the hyper-archimedean kernel sequence may proceed past Ar(G) .
On the origin of a silencer

Although there are several compelling pieces of evidence suggesting that transcription can promote DNA replication, there are few studies that indicate a role for DNA replication in controlling transcription. Here, we discuss the role of the HMR-E silencer, an origin of replication that plays a crucial role in the regulation of expression of mating-type genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Drawdowns preceding rallies in the Brownian motion model

We study drawdowns and rallies of Brownian motion. A rally is defined as the difference of the present value of the Brownian motion and its historical minimum, while the drawdown is defined as the difference of the historical maximum and its present value. This paper determines the probability that a drawdown of a units precedes a rally of b units. We apply this result to examine stock market crashes and rallies in the geometric Brownian motion model.
Regular copolyamides. IX: Some aliphatic aromatic copolyoxamides

Aromatic/aliphatic regular copolyoxamides were prepared from aromatic diamine-oxamides and aliphatic diacid chlorides of various lengths of methylene groups by solution polymerization. The aromatic...
Disoriented: Asian Americans, Law, and the Nation-State

Does "Asian American" denote an ethnic or racial identification? Is a person of mixed ancestry, the child of Euro- and Asian American parents, Asian American? What does it mean to refer to first generation Hmong refugees and fifth generation Chinese Americans both as Asian American? In Disoriented: Asian Americans, Law, and the Nation State, Robert Chang examines the current discourse on race and law and the implications of postmodern theory and affirmative action-all of which have largely excluded Asian Americans-in order to develop a theory of critical Asian American legal studies. Demonstrating that the ongoing debate surrounding multiculturalism and immigration in the U.S. is really a struggle over the meaning of "America," Chang reveals how the construction of Asian American-ness has become a necessary component in stabilizing a national American identity-a fact Chang criticizes as harmful to Asian Americans. Defining the many "borders" that operate in positive and negative ways to construct America as we know it, Chang analyzes the position of Asian Americans within America's black/white racial paradigm, how "the family" operates as a stand-in for race and nation, and how the figure of the immigrant embodies a central contradiction in allegories of America.
A Self-adaptive Framework for Modular Robots in a Dynamic Environment: Theory and Applications

Biological systems achieve amazing adaptive behavior with local agents that perform simple sensing and actions. This has recently inspired the control strategies and design principles of modular robots. In this paper, we introduce a distributed control framework through which modular robots can achieve various self-adaptive tasks. By self-adaptive tasks, we imply tasks where the modular robot uses its distributed sensors to solve tasks and cope with environment changes. We show that modular robot self-adaptive tasks can be formulated as distributed constraint maintenance on a networked multi-agent system such that performing collective self-adaption can be simplified as satisfying local constraints. This formulation allows us to propose a control framework based on a class of multi-agent algorithms called distributed consensus. We further generalize this framework to capture a wide range of sensorâactuator networks in different distributed robotic systems. We prove various theoretical properties of the framework, including its scalability to network diameter and the number of modules. Based on our theoretical understanding, we demonstrate this framework with various tasks, including (1) self-adaptive structures that maintain their shapes in changing environments, (2) an adaptive column that can adapt to external force, and (3) a modular gripper that can manipulate fragile objects. This work provides a deep understanding of the theoretical properties of distributed consensus-type control and its applications to modular robots.
From Sources to Sinks Changing the Rules of Production Theory

A steadily growing world population, combined with shrinking supplies of natural resources, could be a global catastrophe in the making. Since the eighteenth century, economists have warned of this disastrous prospect where population growth outpaces the growth in food and other resources. Yet time and again, innovation has changed the equation. The true limit on society’s growth, however, may be Earth’s finite ability to absorb the waste by-products of human resource use and production. This article proposes changing the rules of economic production, using new measures of value like the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) or the Five Pillars of Economic Development (5P) to assure that future development planning includes maintaining nature’s capacity to absorb pollution and society’s capacity to absorb stressors, as well as providing continued access to raw materials, labor, and capital.
Gestational age‐specific birthweight of twins in vital records

Analysis of singleton preterm birth from vital statistics data is hampered by inaccurate gestational age dating. This is most notably evidence by the large fraction of implausibly high birthweights for gestational age given in birth records. Using natality statistics for New England, 1977-88, birthweight distributions were plotted for representative preterm gestations. Confounding by improbable birthweights was observed to be considerably less among preterm twin births than among preterm singleton births.
Gentran Machinery, Inc. (A)

The two cases describe the problems associated with the implementation of an international manufacturing joint venture in China between an American construction machinery firm and its Chinese counterpart. Case (A) presents the major hurdles the partners had to deal with: cultural, language and management problems. The conflicts between the two sides were exasperated by the lack of Western exposure to Chinese managers and the strict hierarchical management system in the Chinese side of the joint venture. Case (A) does not propose solutions but certainly raises many issues that need resolution. Case (B) proposes solutions to the problems extensively described in the "A" case. General recommendations were proposed to address the following issues: (a) the general manager's position, power and authority in the joint venture, (b) the organizational design of the joint venture, (c) clarification of the responsibility of both parties, (d) reward system and appraisal system, (e) how to deal with both the Chinese and American incompetent managers, (f) how to deal with the communication problems, both language and cultural, and (g) final comprehensive and position outline of the potential of the joint venture.
Response Surface Techniques for Dual Response Systems

The purpose of this paper is to present the theory and develop an algorithm associated with the exploration of a dual response surface system. The approach is to find conditions on a set of independent or “design” variables which maximize (or minimize) a “primary response” function subject to the condition that a “constraint response” function takes on some specified or desirable value. A method is outlined whereby a user can generate simple two dimensional plots to determine the conditions of constrained maximum primary response regardless of the number of independent variables in the system. He thus is able to reduce to simple plotting the complex task of exploring the dual response system. The procedure that is used to generate the plots depends on the nature of the individual univariate response functions. In certain situations it becomes necessary to apply the additional constraint that the located operating conditions are a certain “distance” from the origin of the independent variables (or the cent...
Estimating Interregional Population And Migration Operators From Interregional Population Distributions

A common constraint in analyses of interregional population systems is the absence of reliable data for describing the behavior of the fundamental components of population change. As a result, demographers frequently have had to rely on crudely constructed measures of natural increase and net migration.
Three-Dimensional Solutions for Free Vibrations of Initially-Stressed Thermoelectroelastic Multilayered Plates

Analytic three-dimensional solutions are presented for the free vibration frequencies of initially stressed hybrid multilayered composite plates. The plates consist of a combination of fiber-reinforced cross-ply and piezothermoelastic layers. The initial stresses are generated by either a temperature change and/or an electric field. Sensitivity coefficients are also evaluated and used to study the sensitivity of the vibrational response to variations in the different mechanical, thermal and piezoelectric material properties of the plate. Both the temperature change and the electric field are assumed to be independent of the surface coordinates, but have arbitrary variation through the thickness of the plate. A linear constitutive model is used, and the material properties are assumed to be independent of both the temperature and the electric field. The thermoelectroelastic response of the plate is subjected to time-varying displacements, strains and stresses.
‘Techniques’ for governance

Abstract Issues relating to governance are among the most critical in terms of sustaining viable political and social arrangements. In terms of democracies and their bureaucratic organizations, understanding how governing works leads to improved understandings of how to government best. In this article, the works of three important political thinkers, Alexis de Tocqueville, Max Weber and Michel Foucault are synthesized to create a tool for analyzing the effects of certain techniques used to govern. In particular, aspects of the techniques known as Zero Based Budgeting and the GPRA of 1993 are subjects of analysis.
Everyday forms of state decomposition: Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, 1954⋆

Abstract This essay explores how Guatemala's 1952 agrarian reform played out among Quetzalteco K'iche's. Much of the academic writing on the revolution is concerned with the way the agrarian reform affected indigenous communities. These studies either view the reform as creating bitter political conflicts within the community, thereby weakening or destroying local institutions of communal politics and identification, or else they understand the reform as deepening incipient class divisions. In all of these studies, `conflict’ is understood to be something antithetical to `community'. Yet conflict is as essential to communal formation as are more visible identity markers, suggesting an intriguing correlation: the greater the degree of communal conflict, the greater the level of communal identification.
Nano-Scale and Micro-Scale Substrate Architectures Direct Collagen Alignment in Tendon Neo-Tissue Formation

Biomaterial scaffolds that present defined microenvironmental cues (e.g., nano-topography) to cells have shown promise for a variety of tissue engineering applications. However, the specific cues best suited for promoting the formation of aligned, fibrous tissues such as tendon are not fully understood. In this study, we utilize a micro-photopatterning (μPP) model system to precisely arrange scaffold-mimicking microenvironmental cues and investigate their role in the formation of tendon-like neo-tissues. Our data show that scaffold architectural features at both nano- and micro-length scales may be important parameters for directing tendon-like cell organization and the formation of aligned, fibrillar collagen.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Enteral methadone to expedite fentanyl discontinuation and prevent opioid abstinence syndrome in the PICU.

Study Objective. To determine if enterally administered methadone can facilitate fentanyl discontinuation and prevent withdrawal in children at high risk for opioid abstinence syndrome. Design. Retrospective analysis. Setting. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients. Twenty-two children (aged 6.1 ± 5.4 yrs) who received continuous fentanyl infusion for 9 days or longer. Intervention. Guidelines for initiating enteral methadone, rapidly tapering and discontinuing fentanyl infusions, and tapering methadone were implemented in the PICU. Development of opioid abstinence syndrome was evaluated during fentanyl and methadone dosage reductions and for 72 hours thereafter. Measurements and Main Results. Children received fentanyl by continuous infusion for 17.8 ± 8.4 days. Peak fentanyl infusion rate was 5.9 ± 3.8 μg/kg/hour, and the median cumulative dose was 1302 μg/kg (range 354-7535 μg/kg). Methadone 0.50 ± 0.22 mg/kg/day was begun 1.6 ± 1.9 days before tapering fentanyl. The fentanyl infusion rate on starting the taper was 5.0 ± 3.6 μg/kg/hour. Fentanyl was tapered and discontinued in a median of 2.6 days (range 0-11.9 days). Twenty-one patients had no opioid abstinence syndrome during or after fentanyl taper. One patient experienced significant opioid withdrawal after fentanyl discontinuation, which resolved after reinstitution of fentanyl and increasing the dosage of methadone to 0.3 mg/kg every 6 hours. Overall, methadone was tapered and discontinued in 18.2 ± 11.9 days without precipitating opioid abstinence syndrome. Conclusion. Enteral administration of methadone may expedite fentanyl discontinuation and reduce the risk of withdrawal in critically ill children at high risk for opioid abstinence syndrome.
Problems with Research by Organizational Scholars on Issues of Race and Ethnicity

Despite a growing need for knowledge about the effects of race and ethnicity in organizations, relatively little research on these issues has been performed and few research reports have been publi...
GIANT Flutter Waves in ECG Lead V1: a Marker of Pulmonary Hypertension

Atrial flutter (AFl) may exist with or without underlying structural heart disease. Typical AFl presents as a "sawtooth" pattern on the ECG - with inverted flutter (F) waves in the inferior leads and upright F waves in V1. This morphology offers no direct clues as to the underlying cardiac disorder, if any. Occasionally we have encountered giant F waves, most prominently in lead V1, reaching 5 mv or more in height - sometimes exceeding the QRS voltage. The significance of this pattern has not been investigated and reported on. To determine if giant F waves in V1 provide any insight into the presence/type/absence of specific underlying cardiac pathology, the history of 6 consecutive patients with giant F waves was reviewed. Upon review, the only factor common to each patient was the presence of or history of pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular dilation and/or dysfunction and right atrial enlargement with or without tricuspid insufficiency were present in each by echocardiography. Giant F waves appear to occur in the setting of right heart dysfunction in patients with a history of or the continued presence of pulmonary hypertension. Their detection should indicate the need for right heart evaluation.
Design of a binary coded decimal integer arithmetic unit

Abstract With the increased availability of microprocessors and microcomputers the design engineer has at his disposal the components necessary to design data analysis and control systems at a substantial cost savings over larger computer systems. In many cases, the choice between a computer, minicomputer and microcomputer is based on the speed at which arithmetic functions can be performed. In systems where Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is a convenient form of data handling, the added overhead of BCD to binary and binary to BCD conversions decreases system performance. This paper describes a hardware BCD addition, subtraction, multiplication and division unit, which performs addition, subtraction and multiplication at speeds greater than the instruction cycle time of most mini and microcomputers (
Solution of Troesch's two-point boundary value problem by a combination of techniques

Abstract Troesch's problem, which arose in the investigation of the confinement of a plasma column by radiation pressure, is an inherently unstable two-point boundary value problem. This paper discusses how Troesch's problem may be solved by a combination of methods, multipoint, continuation, and perturbation, although none of these methods by itself is sufficiently potent.
The Vitamin A Activity of Butter Produced by Cows Fed Alfalfa Hay and Soybean Hay Cut in Different Stages of Maturity

Summary 1. Comparisons were made of the vitamin A value of artificially dried and field cured alfalfa and soybean hay, cut at two different stages of maturity. Studies were also made of the relationship between the vitamin A activity of the hays and the butters produced by cows fed these respective hays. 2. Artificially dried hays were superior in vitamin A value to the corresponding field cured hays. 3. Hays made from younger plants possessed a higher vitamin A value than did hays made from older plants. 4. Alfalfa plants contain greater vitamin A potency than do soybean plants. 5. Dairy cows when fed artificially dried hays produced butter of higher vitamin A value than when fed field cured hays. 6. Artificially dried young alfalfa hay when fed to dairy cows produced butter of exceptionally high vitamin A value—45 units per gram. 7. Soybean hay made from plants after the beans were well formed in the pods suppressed the formation of vitamin A in the butter sufficiently to produce a butter of only medium high vitamin A activity. Soybean hay made from young plants and fed to dairy cows did not show this suppressing action and produced butter of high vitamin A activity.
Design, Fabrication, and Application of Three Dimensional Dispersion Engineered Photonic Crystal Devices

Three-dimensional self-collimation and subwavelength-imaging by full 3D negative refraction were experimentally demonstrated by 3D dispersion engineering. The experiment realized microwave electromagnetic trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using the full 3D negative-refraction flat lens.
β-Mannosidase deficiency in a female infant with epileptic encephalopathy

We report a female infant with an isolated deficiency ofβ-mannosidase activity. At nine months of age dysmorphism was absent except for brachecephaly. There was moderate developmental delay and a startle response to sound. At 12 months there was a sudden onset of tonic-clonic seizures which were unresponsive to drug therapy, requiring paralysis and mechanical ventilation for control. The child died suddenly aged 15 months.β-mannosidase activity was markedly reduced in white cells and cultured skin fibroblasts whilst other lysosomal enzymes were normal. The disaccharide ManGlcNAc was excreted in urine but urinary mucopolysaccharides were normal.
An Analysis of a Frictional Coupling Mechanism in Rolling Variators

This paper presents an analysis of the frictional coupling mechanism in rolling variators. Rolling variators are continuously variable transmissions where the power is transmitted by frictional contact between non-flexible rotating elements. The essential feature of this type of transmission is that the adjoining surfaces rotate when the rolling elements roll against each other resulting in drilling-type friction due to drilling-type motion. The performance characteristics of rolling variators are thus evaluated on the basis of both the drillingtype friction and tangential forces, which transmit the power. Relationships between the characteristic parameters of frictional coupling elements are derived and expressed in the form of integrals, which can be readily evaluated numerically for the tangential force utilization coefficient, power loss coefficient, and geometric efficiency. The analysis of the frictional coupling mechanism in rolling variators constitutes a tangible contribution to the theory dealing with the design of this type of continuously variable transmissions.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Reduced Incidence of Bacterial Rot on Transgenic Insect-Resistant Maize in the Philippines

In the Philippines and parts of Southeast Asia, Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) is a serious pest of maize, and injury from this insect often is associated with the occurrence of bacterial stalk and ear rot (caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae). The effect of transgenic insect protection on the incidence of bacterial stalk and ear rot was studied in the Philippines with seven field trials in Mindanao and two trials in Laguna. Three transgenic hybrids (expressing Bt protein Cry1Ab) and their conventional near-isogenic counterparts were included in Mindanao, and one transgenic/conventional hybrid pair was used in Laguna (Los Banos). In the Mindanao trials, bacterial stalk rot was rated on a 1 to 9 scale approximately 2 weeks before harvest, while in Laguna, bacterial rot mortality and bacterial ear rot incidence were assessed 10 days before and at harvest, respectively. In all trials, the number of Asian corn borer tunnels was assessed by splitting stalks at harvest. Results of the trials showed significant differences between the transgenic hybrids and their conventional counterparts in terms of bacterial stalk and ear rot incidence, number of Asian corn borer tunnels, and yield. Transgenic hybrids invariably showed significantly lower bacterial stalk rot mortality and ear rot incidence, no Asian corn borer infestation, and higher yield compared with their conventional counterparts. Average yield advantage of transgenic hybrids ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 t/ha. Results confirm the important role of Asian corn borer in the initiation and spread of bacterial stalk and ear rot in maize; hence, the use of transgenic insect-resistant hybrids will have an added value in areas where this disease is prevalent.
HEALTH DISPARITIES AND THE MULTICULTURAL IMPERATIVE

Abstract Providing culturally and linguistically appropriate care is a crucial step toward the elimination of oral health disparities in the United States. Background Health disparities, coupled with rapidly changing demographic trends, continue to plague healthcare, the health care workforce and population health. Consequently, there is still more work indicated to ensure individuals, regardless of race or ethnicity, receive quality health care at an affordable price. The purpose of this paper is to increase the awareness of oral health care practitioners about the causes and consequences of oral health disparities and to highlight promising strategies aimed at improving effective communication between health care providers and the patients they serve. Methods A narrative utilizing key publications will explain the concept of the multicultural imperative, and its direct relationship to the elimination of health disparities including oral health disparities. Conclusions It is essential that oral health professionals strive to become culturally and linguistically proficient in communicating with and caring for all our patients. Members of professional organizations and academic institutions can also work to ensure that both students and current practitioners have access to a curriculum and continuing education with the intended outcome of increased cultural proficiency.
The influence of microstructure on fracture of drawn tungsten wire

The microstructures and longitudinal fracture resistances of 0.635 mm diam lamp-doped and undoped tungsten wire were examined in the as-drawn condition and after anealing at temperatures between 600 and 1500°C. A variety of experimental techniques were employed, including Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and a newly developed mechanical testing technique. The longitudinal fracture mode was intergranular for all wires and a second phase was observed on the grain boundaries of all doped wires. High concentrations of the dopant element potassium were present on the fracture surfaces of doped wires and experimental evidence was obtained which suggests they may be due to postfracture surface diffusion. Doped wires demonstrated increasing amounts of structure coarsening up to 1500°C whereas large equiaxed grains were formed in undoped wires annealed at 1300 and 1500°C. The longitudinal fracture resistance of undoped wire was unaltered by annealing at 1050°C and below, but decreased dramatically after annealing at 1300 and 1500°C. In contrast the fracture resistance of doped wire decreased after annealing at 1050 and 1300°C, but increased after annealing at 1500°C. Fracture resistance is discussed in terms of microstructure and fracture surface chemistry.
Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases. XIII. Malaria

Malaria is a protozoal infection of man caused by four species of Plasmodium: falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae. These species are transmitted by female anopheline mosquitoes. Despite the wellpublicized efforts to eradicate malaria, it still remains endemic in the humid, warm areas of the world, including most countries of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. All four species of Plasmodium commonly cause fever and chills, anemia, and splenomegaly. P. falciparum differs importantly from the others, however, in that it is capable of causing high-density parasitemia which can progress rapidly to massive hemolysis and fatal cerebral and renal complications. In the United States at the present time, most cases of malaria are found in travelers recently exposed to mosquitoes in endemic areas. In addition, transmission may occur by blood transfusion or by shared needles and syringes of drug addicts. The infection is rarely caused congenitally or by mosquito transmission from imported cases of malaria. The cardinal symptoms of acute malaria, chills and fever, are seen in so many common infections in the United States that American