cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of resistance form for prepared teeth

Resistance form of preparations for which castings were made in a large dental laboratory was evaluated. Each preparation was also evaluated for the placement of grooves. Evaluation of resistance form was done by grasping the casting between thumb and index finger and attempting to roll the uncemented casting off the die with finger pressure. Each preparation was tested for resistance form in all directions (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal), from a fixed point of rotation. Evaluation was by tooth groups: incisors, canines, premolar, and molars. The preparations were found to have resistance form in 96% of the incisors, 92% of the canines, 81% of the premolars and only 46% of the molars. Only nine of 294 preparations evaluated had grooves. Mesial or distal grooves provided resistance to buccal and lingual dislodgment, and buccal or lingual grooves provided resistance to mesial and distal dislodgment.
Localization of SSeCKS in unmyelinated primary sensory neurons

Background SSeCKS (Src SupprEssed C Kinase Substrate) is a proposed protein kinase C substrate/A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) that has recently been characterized in the rat peripheral nervous system. It has been shown that approximately 40% of small primary sensory neurons contain SSeCKS-immunoreactivity in a population largely separate from substance P (95.2%), calcitonin gene related peptide (95.3%), or fluoride resistant acid phosphatase (55.0%) labeled cells. In the spinal cord, it was found that SSeCKS-immunoreactive axon collaterals terminate in the dorsal third of lamina II outer in a region similar to that of unmyelinated C-, or small diameter myelinated Aδ-, fibers. However, the precise characterization of the anatomical profile of the primary sensory neurons containing SSeCKS remains to be determined. Here, immunohistochemical labeling at the light and ultrastructural level is used to clarify the myelination status of SSeCKS-containing sensory neuron axons and to further clarify the morphometric, and provide insight into the functional, classification of SSeCKS-IR sensory neurons.
The Use of Tunica Vaginalis in the Management of Urethrocutaneous Fistulas After Primary Hypospadias Repair

Purpose To present our results in using tunica vaginalis flaps (TVF) for closure of urethrocutaneous fistulas (UCF) after Hypospadias repair. Material and Methods Between January 2004 and July 2009, 24 patients, mean age 6,8 (2-14) yrs old, underwent repair for single (18) or multiple (6) UCF after at least one year the primary Hypospadias correction. 5 fistulas were coronal, 16 middle and 9 penoscrotal. 17 patients had 1-3 unsuccessful repairs with dartos flap, prior to this procedure. In the remaining 7 patients closure with TVF was our initial choice. Mean operating time was 27 min. and mean hospitalization was 3 days. Results After a mean follow up of 2,5 yrs (3-58 months).21 patients were UCF free (87,5%), while 3 had relapse. Unsuccessful cases were those who had multiple fistulas. Conclusions TVF repair seems to be a highly successful technique for the treatment of UCF after failed primary repair with Dartos flap. The use of TVF is simple and effective. That makes it our method of choice.
Comparison of economic impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.

OBJECTIVES To perform a comparison of the economic impact of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) because limited information is available. Furthermore, no direct comparisons of the costs of these 2 conditions have been performed. Such a comparison is relevant because the distinction between the 2 conditions is not always clear. METHODS We recruited 62 men with CP/CPPS and 43 women with IC/PBS from a tertiary care outpatient urology clinic. Information about hospitalizations, laboratory tests, physician visits, telephone calls, medication use, and lost productivity was obtained from written questionnaires. Direct medical cost estimates were determined from hospital cost accounting data, the 2005 Physician Fee Schedule Book, and the 2005 Redbook for pharmaceuticals. Indirect costs were determined from patient-reported annual income and patient-reported hours lost from work during the most recent 3-month period. RESULTS Using Medicare rates, the annualized direct costs per person were $3631 for IC/PBS and $3017 for CP/CPPS. Using non-Medicare rates for outpatient visits and tests/procedures, the annual per person costs increased substantially to $7043 for IC/PBS and $6534 for CP/CPPS. Sixteen patients with CP/CPPS (26%) and 8 with IC/PBS (19%) reported lost wages as a result of their condition in the previous 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Both CP/CPPS and IC/PBS have very similar and substantial direct and indirect costs. The greater costs reflected by the non-Medicare rates may more accurately reflect the true costs, given that a large proportion of these patients were <65 years old.
Problems in Rehabilitation Following Trauma

Rehabilitation, which may be defined as “the treatment and training of the patient so that he may obtain his optimal potential for normal living physically, psychologically, socially, and vocationally,” is a component of the management of most serious posttraumatic conditions. These conditions may include congenital and acquired brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, fractures, traumatic arthritis, peripheral nerve injuries, amputations, burns, frostbite injuries, radiation injuries, decompression arthropathy, and trauma to extra-articular structures, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissue. While great importance is being given to the life-threatening conditions following severe trauma, simple procedures which will prevent future problems for the patient may be neglected during his early care. Consequently, disabilities secondary to dysmobility may develop which will interfere with the course of the post-traumatic condition. Therefore, initiation of rehabilitation at the beginning of the treatment of post-traumatic patients should be considered.
The Effect of Media Inhomogeneities Upon Intracranial Electrical Fields

A three-dimensional finite difference computer simulation has been used to model entire intracranial fields from a known dipole generator in both a cat brain and an insulated cube. The model permits pointwise variation of conductivity coincident with intracranial inhomogeneities due to gray and white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and bone. Adequacy of the model was verified by agreement between the computed results and those obtained in the cube with both homogeneous and inhomogeneous media and in the cat brain along the dipole axis. Variation of brain model parameters showed that neither increasing nor abolishing intracranial inhomogeneities would give differences great enough to be detected experimentally. On the other hand, the position of the boundary could have significant effects on the fields. The model is general enough to be applicable to a variety of multipole generators and generator locations, as well as permitting consideration of the influence of localized inhomogeneities.
Preparation and properties of an MnIV–hydroxide complex: proton and electron transfer at a mononuclear manganese site and its relationship to the oxygen evolving complex within photosystem II

Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by a Mn4O5Ca cluster with an unprecedented arrangement of metal ions in which a single manganese center is bonded to a distorted Mn3O4Ca cubane-like structure. Several mechanistic proposals describe the unique manganese center as a site for water binding and subsequent formation of a high valent Mn–oxo center that reacts with a M–OH unit (M = Mn or CaII) to form the O–O bond. The conversion of low valent Mn–OHn (n = 1, 2) to a Mn–oxo species requires that a single manganese site be able to accommodate several oxidation states as the water ligand is deprotonated. To study these processes, the preparation and characterization of a new monomeric MnIV–OH complex is described. The MnIV–OH complex completes a series of well characterized Mn–OH and Mn–oxo complexes containing the same primary and secondary coordination spheres; this work thus demonstrates that a single ligand can support mononuclear Mn complexes spanning four different oxidation states (II through V) with oxo and hydroxo ligands that are derived from water. Moreover, we have completed a thermodynamic analysis based on this series of manganese complexes to predict the formation of high valent Mn–oxo species; we demonstrated that the conversion of a MnIV–OH species to a MnV–oxo complex would likely occur via a stepwise proton transfer-electron transfer mechanism. The large dissociation energy for the MnIVO–H bond (∼95 kcal mol−1) diminished the likelihood that other pathways are operative within a biological context. Furthermore, these studies showed that reactions between Mn–OH and Mn–oxo complexes lead to non-productive, one-electron processes suggesting that initial O–O bond formation with the OEC does not involve an Mn–OH unit.
A call for increased education in genetics for dental health professionals.

Why genetics education for dental health professionals? Why now? Because education is about the future, not the past, and we are now entering the era in which genetics and genomics will play a vital role in both oral health research and dental practice. Genetics is not just about rare disorders
Implementation of Higher Order Absorbing Boundary Conditions in Vector Finite Element Methods

It is important to use appropriate mesh truncation schemes and accurate absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) on the truncation surfaces to achieve reliable computational results while solving electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems in unbounded regions with the finite element method (FEM). In this paper, a new family of hierarchical higher order absorbing boundary conditions is derived and a second order ABC is implemented by use of a set of cement variables on the boundary
The Yeast Cytoplasmic LsmI/Pat1p Complex Protects mRNA 3′ Termini From Partial Degradation

A key aspect of understanding eukaryotic gene regulation will be the identification and analysis of proteins that bind mRNAs and control their function. Recently, a complex of seven Lsm proteins and the Pat1p have been shown to interact with yeast mRNAs and promote mRNA decapping. In this study we present several observations to indicate that the LsmI/Pat1 complex has a second distinct function in protecting the 3'-UTR of mRNAs from trimming. First, mutations in the LSM1 to LSM7, as well as PAT1, genes led to the accumulation of MFA2pG and PGK1pG transcripts that had been shortened by 10-20 nucleotides at their 3' ends (referred to as trimming). Second, the trimming of these mRNAs was more severe at the high temperature, correlating with the inability of these mutant strains to grow at high temperature. In contrast, trimming did not occur in a dcp1 Delta strain, wherein the decapping enzyme is lacking. This indicates that trimming is not simply a consequence of the inhibition of mRNA decapping. Third, the temperature-sensitive growth of lsm and pat1 mutants was suppressed by mutations in the exosome or the functionally related Ski proteins, which are required for efficient 3' to 5' mRNA degradation of mRNA. Moreover, in lsm ski double mutants, higher levels of the trimmed mRNAs accumulated, indicating that exosome function is not required for mRNA trimming but that the exosome does degrade the trimmed mRNAs. These results raise the possibility that the temperature-sensitive growth of the lsm1-7 and pat1 mutants is at least partially due to mRNA trimming, which either inactivates the function of the mRNAs or makes them available for premature 3' to 5' degradation by the exosome.
Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence

Abstract Aerosol concentrations and particle size distributions were measured indoors and outdoors at a two-storey residence in California during the summer months. A single central sampling point in the downstairs living area was used for all indoor samples. The deposition rate for supermicron particles was measured by raising the particle concentration indoors and simultaneously measuring air infiltration rates and particle concentration decay rates. For particles between 1 and 5 μm diameter, the deposition velocity closely matched the calculated settling velocity. For particles larger than 5 μm the deposition velocity was less than the calculated settling velocity, probably due to the nonspherical nature of these particles. The penetration factor for supermicron particles, a measure of the amount of filtration achieved by the building shell, was calculated using the experimentally determined deposition velocities and indoor/outdoor particle ratios when no resuspension or generation activities were present. A penetration factor of one was found, indicating that the building shell was not effective at removing infiltrating particles. Resuspension was measured under several different conditions and was found to have a significant impact on indoor particle concentrations. Just walking into a room can increase the particle concentration by 100% for some supermicron particle sizes. For light activity with four people in the residence, a resuspension rate between 1.8 × 10−5 and 3.8 × 10−4 h−1 was found for supermicron particles assuming a particle density of 1 gm−3. These calculated rates may be lower than the actual rates due to assumptions made about the particle size distribution of the floor dust.
The Policy Analysis-Critical Theory Affair: Wildavsky and Habermas as Bedfellows?

Policy analysis may benefit from specific conceptual contributions derived from Jurgen Habermas's critical social theory. In particular, Aaron Wildavsky's emphasis on the policy analyst's fostering of social and political ‘interactions’ can be given concrete empirical content derived from the critical theorist's account of social and communicative action. In addition, the critical theorist's distinction between action and ‘learning’ extends and sharpens Wildavsky's and Lindblom's account of policy outcomes. Once obstacles to social and political learning are distinguished from ordinary constraints upon citizens' action, policy analysis research (as formulated by Wildavsky and Lindblom) can be more concretely specified and then understood also and essentially to involve fundamental normative judgments of the legitimacy of policy-fostered ‘interactions’.
Hormonal contraceptives and cancer risk.

I read with interest the paper by Singh et al. reporting the efficacy of an herbal contraceptive vaginal gel. However their statement that synthetic hormonal contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of cancer is lacking both a citation and accuracy. The preponderance of evidence from cohort studies supports a protective benefit against both endometrial and ovarian cancer and a neutral effect on breast cancer in women who have previously used oral contraceptives for at least 1 year. Women at risk of gynecologic cancers by virtue of family history and/or BRCA mutation status are encouraged to utilize this preventive opportunity. (full text) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fractal time in animal behaviour: the movement activity of Drosophila

Abstract The organization of episodes of activity and inactivity of Drosophila melanogaster has a complex structure. Episodes of apparently continuous activity have shorter episodes of inactivity embedded within them. This pattern of activity has a self-similar structure; the activity record appears the same regardless of the time scale used. There is a power law dependence of the rate ‘constants’ that describes how the activity of flies turns on and off. As a consequence no natural time scale for the measurement of the activity level exists, and the amount of activity depends on the time scale of measurement. The observation of fractal time variability in animal behaviour may illuminate the processes that produce activity. Fractal time variation in movement activity can lead to Levy flight patterns of movement, which produce efficient searches.
Work in progress - incorporating realistic problems into a finite element analysis course

Finite element analysis (FEA) courses are included in many undergraduate engineering curricula. In most of these courses, a mix of mathematical theory and the use of a commercial software package are presented. However, most classes do not have a physical laboratory component. The comparison of analysis results to physical tests can be an important element in learning about the capabilities and limitations of the finite element method. In this paper, the authors describe a project in which physical tests are performed and documented for use in FEA courses. As the project progresses, the authors intend to develop a library of these virtual laboratory experiences, and to encourage other instructors to use and add to the library.
Incidence of Intravenous Catheter-Site Complications in Patients Treated With Linezolid or Vancomycin for Skin Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare all-cause adverse events (AEs) and those caused by intravenous (IV) catheter-site complications (IVCSCs) using data from a previously published study of the use of linezolid or vancomycin for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) suspected or proven to be caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Methods: To examine the incidence of AEs caused by the 2 antibiotic treatments, we conducted a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter phase 4 study. Patients were randomized to treatment with either oral (PO) or IV linezolid 600 mg every 12 hours or with IV vancomycin 15 mg/kg every 12 hours with dose adjustment as needed. Study treatment was administered for 7 to 14 days. We excluded patients with baseline bacteremia (n = 11) and those who started on PO linezolid (n = 215). We analyzed data only from patients who received at least 1 dose of IV study medication.Results: Patient demog...
Acid-sensing ion channels: trafficking and synaptic function

Extracellular acidification occurs in the brain with elevated neural activity, increased metabolism, and neuronal injury. This reduction in pH can have profound effects on brain function because pH regulates essentially every single biochemical reaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that Nature evolves a family of proteins, the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), to sense extracellular pH reduction. ASICs are proton-gated cation channels that are mainly expressed in the nervous system. In recent years, a growing body of literature has shown that acidosis, through activating ASICs, contributes to multiple diseases, including ischemia, multiple sclerosis, and seizures. In addition, ASICs play a key role in fear and anxiety related psychiatric disorders. Several recent reviews have summarized the importance and therapeutic potential of ASICs in neurological diseases, as well as the structure-function relationship of ASICs. However, there is little focused coverage on either the basic biology of ASICs or their contribution to neural plasticity. This review will center on these topics, with an emphasis on the synaptic role of ASICs and molecular mechanisms regulating the spatial distribution and function of these ion channels.
Transthoracic echocardiogram-guided agitated-saline aortography for post-TAVR peri-prosthetic leak evaluation.

A 75-year-old man was evaluated for a new diastolic murmur 3 months post-TAVR. Cardiac examination demonstrated a 2/6 systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border and a 3/6 diastolic decrescendo murmur at the left sternal border. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed progressive left ventricular enlargement compared …
Adventures in Infrastructure: Making an African Hub in Paris

Based on ethnographic research at one of the largest transit hubs in the world—Paris's Gare du Nord railway station—this article examines how the practices of West African migrants transform the French urban environment. I argue that migrants create social ties outside of kin and village networks by rerouting and combining the channels of two types of infrastructures: French transportation systems and West African systems of exchange and obligation. While this infrastructural practice relies on a shared cultural repertoire, it also helps create new channels that circumvent the pathways for social becoming prescribed by either the French state or their home communities. The Gare du Nord as a social environment shapes these practices but is also reshaped by them, a process I illuminate by examining how the station becomes an African hub: not an enclave of “Little Africa” but rather a node of communication and exchange. This process sheds light on how strategies for creating relations across difference and through infrastructure form transnational communities in urban spaces. [West Africa, Paris, migration, railway, transnationalism]
Peptide binding and antigen presentation by class II histocompatibility glycoproteins

The immune system has evolved complex mechanisms for the recognition and elimination of pathogens. CD4+ helper T lymphocytes play a central role in orchestrating immune responses and their activation is carefully regulated. These cells selectively recognize short peptide antigens stably associated with membrane-bound class II histocompatibility glycoproteins that are selectively expressed in specialized antigen presenting cells. The class II-peptide complexes are generated through a series of events that occur in membrane-bound compartments within antigen presenting cells that, collectively, have become known as the class II antigen processing pathway. In the present paper, our current understanding of this pathway is reviewed with emphasis on mechanisms that regulate peptide binding by class II histocompatibility molecules.
TESTING THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS IN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES

In contrast to many other biotic forces, such as competition and predation, the role played by habitat modification by plants and sessile animals in natural communities has not been given the experimental attention it deserves. To test the hypothesis that habitat modification by seaweed canopies can have direct positive effects on rocky intertidal com- munities, we quantified habitat amelioration by Ascophyllum nodosum canopies and its consequences on understory organisms in the Gulf of Maine, USA. At the upper and lower elevational borders of the algal canopy, we examined the recruitment, growth, and survi- vorship of common benthic organisms in canopy removal, canopy control, and shaded canopy removal plots intended to mimic canopy habitat modification. The algal canopy greatly reduced potential physical stresses, particularly at high tidal heights. Maximum daily rock temperatures were 5?-10?C lower and evaporative water loss was an order of magnitude less under the canopy than in canopy removal plots. The response of understory organisms to canopy removal, however, was species specific and somewhat idiosyncratic. Nonetheless, in general, at the high intertidal border of the canopy the re- cruitment, growth, and survival of understory organisms were enhanced by the canopy, whereas at the low intertidal border canopy effects were negative or neutral. Nearly half of the interactions we studied were positive in the high zone. In contrast to positive canopy effects on understory organism recruitment and growth at high tidal heights, consumer pressure was severe under the canopy, particularly at low tidal heights. Green crab predation is likely responsible for limiting understory mussel densities, while grazing by the snail, Littorina littorea, keeps understory substrate clear of algal recruits. The amelioration of harsh physical conditions by algal canopies can have strong direct positive effects in high rocky intertidal communities by enhancing organism recruitment, growth, and survival. These canopy effects, however, may often be offset by increased consumer pressure at low tidal heights. These types of habitat modification effects are likely to be pervasive in many other terrestrial and marine communities exposed to harsh physical conditions.
Electrical breakdown characteristics of the XLPE cables under AC, DC and pulsating voltages

Electrical breakdown strength of the 5 kV XLPE cables was studied under ac, dc and pulsating voltages. The pulsating voltage was obtained by superimposing ac voltage on dc voltage. In the later case, the ratio of ac to dc voltage components (p=Vac/Vdc) was varied between the limits of 0.1<p<10. Both the sound and imperfect cables are used as the test samples. Two types of imperfections are studied: Cables samples with artificial holes and cables samples with embedded needles. Study results shows that the pulsating voltage is an effective way to detect the imperfections inside the XLPE cables.
Vacuum‐spray stripping of sparingly soluble gases from aqueous solutions: Part I. Mass transfer from streams issuing from hydraulic nozzles

Carbon dioxide, oxygen, Freon 114, and butane were stripped from deionized water, sodium chloride solutions, and freshly acidified seawater in a vacuum-spray chamber using three types of hydraulic nozzle. Purely physical desorption was found for each gas/liquid system. For both conical-spray and fan-jet nozzles, the bulk of the gas was shown to desorb from the thin liquid sheet issuing from the nozzle, that is, before droplet formation occurs. Behavior was explained semiquantitatively by a mathematical model of the diffusion in the sheet. This model was also shown to predict well the desorption from the laminar liquid sheets formed by jet impingement nozzles. For turbulent flow in jet impingement nozzles, the fit of the model was again semiquantitative.
Nonlinearity index of the cayley form

The nonlinearity index is a measure of the nonlinearity of dynamical systems based on computing the initial-condition sensitivity of the state-transition matrix. The Cayley form is a representation for dynamical systems that relates their motion to N-dimensional rotations. The generalized coordinates of the system are used to define an N-dimensional orientation, and a set of quasi velocities is defined equal to the corresponding angular velocity. The nonlinearity index of the Cayley-form representation is computed for an elastic spherical pendulum and a planar satellite example. These results are compared to values for alternative dynamical representations. Additionally, the nonlinearity is evaluated by analyzing how well the linearized equations of each representation capture certain properties of the motion. These results show that the Cayley form can have lower nonlinearity than traditional representations, in particular those representations that suffer from kinematic singularities.
Recovery and identification of Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) frustules from natural samples acquired using the environmental sample processor

Many species within the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia are difficult to distinguish without applying molecular analytical or microscopy-based methods. DNA, antibody and lectin probes have previously been used to provide rapid and specific detection of species and strains in complex field assemblages. Recently, however, well-documented cryptic genetic diversity within the group has confounded results of DNA probe tests in particular. Moreover, the number of species descriptions within the genus continues to increase, as do insights into toxin production by both new and previously described species. Therefore, a combination of classical morphological techniques and modern molecular methodologies is needed to resolve ecophysiological traits of Pseudo-nitzschia species. Here, we present an approach to recover and identify frustules from sample collection filters used for toxin analysis onboard the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), an in situ sample collection and analytical platform. This approach provides a new and powerful tool for correlating species presence with toxin detected remotely and in situ by the ESP, and has the potential to be applied broadly to other sampling configurations. This new technique will contribute to a better understanding of naturally occurring Pseudo-nitzschia community structure with respect to observed domoic acid outbreaks.
Replies to Raffman, Stanley, and Wright

Replies to Raffman, Stanley, and Wright John MacFarlane University of California, Berkeley I am extremely grateful to all of my commentators for taking the time to engage with my book, and for their thoughtful and incisive remarks. Because of space constraints, I will have to be selective in my replies. Reply to Raffman Diana Raffman pushes back on some of the judgments that I use to argue for a relativist treatment of “tasty” and “might,” against more standard contextualist views. She denies that it would be appropriate to respond to an assertion of (1) Licorice is tasty by saying “No, it isn’t” or “You’re mistaken, it’s not.” I’ll concede that there are several ways in which these responses might be “inappropriate,” in context. They might be too harsh or confrontational, or they might pointlessly start arguments. But a defender of (solipsistic) contextualism needs to go beyond saying that these responses are inappropriate. She needs to argue that they are false, and that the corresponding affirmations—“Yes, it is” and “You’re right, it is”—are true. That does not strike me as plausible. If you find licorice disgusting, you cannot reply to an assertion of (1) by saying “Yes,” or “That’s true,” or “I didn’t realize that.” On the other hand, these replies are perfectly appropriate as responses to (2) Licorice is tasty to me How can the solipsistic contextualist explain this difference? Raffman’s observation that even an explicitly subjective assertion like (2) can start an argument (grounded in a disagreement about what tastes the parties should have) can help the contextualist explain how (1) can be the focus of disagreements. But it does nothing to explain the differences between (1) and (2). Raffman suggests that when Sally says
K 1 -Analogue of Serre’s Conjecture

The goal of this chapter is to report on some of Suslin’s results obtained in 1977 on the structure of the general linear groups over polynomial rings with coefficients from a field. These results appeared just as the 1978 edition of “Serre’s Conjecture” was going to press, so they could not be included in my exposition then. The issue of this new version of the book finally gave me a chance to atone for this involuntary omission.
Fiscal Magic: Outsourcing and the Taxing Power

Some state and local governments in the United States are increasingly outsourcing services through third-party surrogates. In some instances, outsourcing is used as a mechanism to raise revenue to...
Extraction and Field Bioassay of the Sex Pheromone of the Lesser Peachtree Borer

In 1907, Girault reported that the female of the lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), produces a potent sex pheromone that attracts males of this species and stimulates them to attempt copulation. Subsequently, Cleveland and Murdock (1964) demonstrated that the male borers could be attracted and trapped by exposing virgin females. This insect may therefore be an ideal candidate for pest management programs involving sex pheromones. It is diurnal, on the wing from March to October in the southeastern United States, and can be mass reared (Cleveland et al. 1968). Thus, it is readily available and can be studied for long periods. Additionally, its natural host range is limited to a few species of plants. The present paper reports our efforts to extract the natural pheromone, and to work out a field bioassay that would allow us to proceed with the isolation and identification.
Mathematics and Statistics, with an Elementary Account of the Correlation Coefficient and the Correlation Ratio

(1919). Mathematics and Statistics, with an Elementary Account of the Correlation Coefficient and the Correlation Ratio. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 26, No. 10, pp. 421-435.
Analysis on Chinese and Foreign Hotels Management Mode

With the increasing development of hotel industry in the 21 century, the management of a hotel seems to count for much if it wants to occupy a place. This papr, comparing the management mode of Chinese and foreign hotels, points out some problems and gap in Chinese hotel industry, and puts forward viewpoints on future development.
A report on the Academic Emergency Medicine 2015 consensus conference "Diagnostic imaging in the emergency department: a research agenda to optimize utilization".

In May 2015, the Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference “Diagnostic imaging in the emergency department: a research agenda to optimize utilization” was held. The goal of the conference was to develop a high-priority research agenda regarding emergency diagnostic imaging on which to base future research. In addition to representatives from the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine, the multidisciplinary conference included members of several radiology organizations: American Society for Emergency Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, the American College of Radiology, and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. The specific aims of the conference were to (1) understand the current state of evidence regarding emergency department (ED) diagnostic imaging utilization and identify key opportunities, limitations, and gaps in knowledge; (2) develop a consensus-driven research agenda emphasizing priorities and opportunities for research in ED diagnostic imaging; and (3) explore specific funding mechanisms available to facilitate research in ED diagnostic imaging. Through a multistep consensus process, participants developed targeted research questions for future research in six content areas within emergency diagnostic imaging: clinical decision rules; use of administrative data; patient-centered outcomes research; training, education, and competency; knowledge translation and barriers to imaging optimization; and comparative effectiveness research in alternatives to traditional computed tomography use.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Cyclohexanone Leached from Hemodialysis Tubing

A capillary gas chromatographic procedure is described for the determination of cyclohexanone leached from hemodialysis tubing by water. Recoveries were 100% at 2.0 mg/100 mL (20 ppm), 99.0% at 500 microg/100 mL (5 ppm), and 106% at 1.0 microg/100 mL (10 ppb). Reproducibility of the system was 0.152% for 3.0 microL injections of a solution containing cyclohexanone at 5.58 microg/mL. Correlation coefficients were 0.9983 for 0.3672-3.672 ng and 1.0000 for 3.672-367.2 ng. Twenty hemodialysis tubing sets from 4 manufacturers were examined. The leachable cyclohexanone ranged from 1.02 to 43.7 ppm per set. Rinsing the tubing with 1 L 0.9% sodium chloride solution did not remove significant amounts (P = 0.05) of leachable cyclohexanone.
Microbial Changes of Precooked Beef Slices as Affected by Packaging Procedure.

Precooked beef slices from top round roasts were used in replicate trials to determine the effects of packaging treatment upon microbial growth during retail storage. Roasts were dry roasted to an internal temperature of 60°C, cooled for 1 h, then sliced (3 to 4 mm) and packaged in vacuum or an atmosphere containing 15% CO2/40% O2/45% N2. Slices were stored either at 2, 6 or 10°C for up to 21 d. Enumeration of psychrotrophs, mesophiles, thermophiles and molds was determined after 0, 7, 14 and 21 d of storage. At 6 and 10°C storage, psychrotrophic organisms did not increase (P<0.05) on vacuum packaged beef slices during the 21-d storage period, but did increase (P<0.05) on slices stored in the gas mixture. Conversely, at 2°C storage, psychrotrophs increased (P<0.05) in vacuum at day 21 but not under gas atmosphere storage. Mesophiles did not increase significantly at 2 or 6°C storage within either packaging treatment during 21 d of storage. Mold growth did not occur on slices stored at 2°C.
Introduction: Pentecostal Hermeneutics and the Hermeneutical Tradition

L. William Oliverio, Jr. introduces the volume by accounting for the development of Pentecostal hermeneutics in relationship to the hermeneutical tradition of philosophy. He then addresses the intersection of interdisciplinary approaches and pneumatology to the construction of contemporary Pentecostal hermeneutics, concluding with a preview of the chapters in the book.
Posterior Contraction Rates of Density Derivative Estimation

In this paper, we study the problem of Bayesian estimation of derivatives of a density function on the unit interval. We use a finite random series prior based on B-splines and study the asymptotic properties of the posterior distribution under the setting of fixed smoothness of the true function. We obtain the posterior contraction rate under both the L 2- and $L_{\infty }$ -distances. The rate under L 2-distance agrees with the minimax optimal rate. This result is then extended to the estimation of a multivariate density function on the unit cube and its mixed partial derivatives using tensor product B-splines.
CD8+ T Cells Prevent Lethality from Neonatal Murine Roseolovirus Infection.

A recently described mouse homolog of the human roseoloviruses, murine roseolovirus (MRV), causes loss of peripheral and thymic CD4 + cells during neonatal infection of BALB/c mice. Despite significant disruptions to the normal adaptive immune response, infected BALB/c mice reproducibly recover from infection, consistent with prior studies on a related virus, mouse thymic virus. In this article, we show that, in contrast to published studies on mouse thymic virus, MRV appears to robustly infect neonatal C57BL/6 (B6) mice, causing severe depletion of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Moreover, B6 mice recovered from infection. We investigated the mechanism of thymocyte and T cell loss, determining that the major thymocyte subsets were infected with MRV; however, CD4 + and CD4 + CD8 − T cells showed increased apoptosis during infection. We found that CD8 + T cells populated MRV-infected thymi. These CD8 + T cells expressed markers of activation, had restricted TCR repertoire, and accumulated intracellular effector proteins, consistent with a cytotoxic lymphocyte phenotype and suggesting their involvement in viral clearance. Indeed, absence of CD8 + T cells prevented recovery from MRV infection and led to lethality in infected animals, whereas B cell–deficient mice showed CD4 + T cell loss but recovered from infection without lethality. Thus, these results demonstrate that CD8 + T cells are required for protective immunity against a naturally occurring murine pathogen that infects the thymus and establish a novel infection model for MRV in B6 mice, providing the foundation for detailed future studies on MRV with the availability of innumerable mutant mice on the B6 background.
Introduction: Actually, It’s about Toxic Geek Masculinity…

Geek masculinity is difficult to frame: it is apparently at war with, and presenting different ideals from, our traditional conception of American hegemonic masculinity. However, the past decade has brought with it the rapid mainstreaming of geek culture and the incorporation of geek masculinity into hegemonic ideals. We contextualize both this evolution, and move from subculture to mainstream, through the challenge of defining the “geek.”
SOLAR ZONE MAPPING

ABSTRACT Current solar mapping techniques involve laborious sectional analyses and/or applications of complex geometry. At the regional scale, such as a watershed, the documentation of solar availability has been handicapped by the lack of existing techniques. What is needed for comprehensive or large scale solar zone mapping is a format against which to compare related development issues, such as access and construction suitability. The process of this study uses the simulation of sunlight at critical times on a landform model. Model building procedures are carefully documented, and techniques for solar simulation are shown with high contrast photography. The relatively easy, accurate and comprehensive identification of solar zones on a landform model is the recommended method for large scale and/or complex solar mapping and comparative analyses.
Cholera: an overview with reference to the Yemen epidemic

Cholera is a secretory diarrhoeal disease caused by infection with Vibrio cholerae, primarily the V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype. There are approximately 2.9 million cases in 69 endemic countries annually, resulting in 95 000 deaths. Cholera is associated with poor infrastructure and lack of access to sanitation and clean drinking water. The current cholera epidemic in Yemen, linked to spread of V. cholerae O1 (Ogawa serotype), is associated with the ongoing war. This has devastated infrastructure and health services. The World Health Organization had estimated that 172 286 suspected cases arose between 27th April and 19th June 2017, including 1170 deaths. While there are three oral cholera vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization, there are issues surrounding vaccination campaigns in conflict situations, exacerbated by external factors such as a global vaccine shortage. Major movements of people complicates surveillance and administration of double doses of vaccines. Cholera therapy mainly depends on rehydration, with use of antibiotics in more severe infections. Concerns have arisen about the rise of antibiotic resistance in cholera, due to mobile genetic elements. In this review, we give an overview of cholera epidemiology, virulence, antibiotic resistance, therapy and vaccines, in the light of the ongoing epidemic in Yemen.
Refractive errors in a black adult population: the Barbados Eye Study.

PURPOSE. To describe the prevalence of refractive errors in a black adult population. METHODS. The Barbados Eye Study, a population-based study, included 4709 Barbados-born citizens, or 84% of a random sample, 40 to 84 years of age. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent +0.5 diopters, respectively, based on automated refraction. Analyses included 4036 black participants without history of cataract surgery. Associations with myopia and hyperopia were evaluated in logistic regression analyses. RESULTS. The prevalence of myopia was 21.9% and was higher in men (25.0%) than in women (19.5%). The prevalence of hyperopia was 46.9% and was higher in women (51.8%) than in men (40.5%). The prevalence of myopia decreased from 17% in persons 40 to 49 years of age to 11% in those 50 to 59 years of age, but increased after 60 years of age. The prevalence of hyperopia increased from 29% at 40 to 49 years of age to 65% at 50 to 59 years of age, and tended to decline thereafter. A higher prevalence of myopia was positively associated (P < 0.05) with lifetime occupations requiring nearwork, nuclear opacities, posterior subcapsular opacities, glaucoma, and ocular hypertension. Factors associated with hyperopia were the same as for myopia, except for occupation, and in the opposite direction. CONCLUSIONS. High prevalences of myopia and hyperopia were found in this large black adult population. The prevalence of myopia (hyperopia) increased (decreased) after 60 years of age, which is inconsistent with data from other studies. The high prevalence of age-related cataract, glaucoma, and other eye conditions in the Barbados Eye Study population may contribute to the findings.
Design of a Piezoelectric-Based Physically Unclonable Function for IoT Security

According to a report from McAfee and the center for strategic and international studies, worldwide financial loss due to cybercrime was estimated to be $600 billion in 2017. Researchers are currently exploring new methods for preventing cybercrime in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) show promise as a device that could help in the fight against cybercrime. PUFs are a class of circuit that are unique and unclonable due to inherent variations caused by the device manufacturing process. We can take advantage of these PUF properties by using the outputs of PUFs to generate secret keys or pseudonyms that are similarly unique and unclonable. In recent years, energy harvesting devices, such as piezoelectric devices have been integrated with IoT devices for various purposes such as power generation and sensing applications. In this paper we propose a PUF design based on piezo sensors which are already commonly found in IoT devices. Our proposed PUF is tested in terms of reliability and uniformity.
Towards Scaffolding Complex Exploratory Data Science Programming Practices

Although a wide range of professional and end-user programmers want to engage today with data science programming, this form of programming presents unique challenges. For instance, data science tasks typically require exploratory iterations: coding and running many different approaches to reach a desired result [1]–[3]. In a body of research building towards my thesis, I have interleaved behavioral studies of data scientists with systems building research towards scaffolding new forms of support for keeping track of iterations during this experiment-driven form of work.
The Role of Analysts in Differentially Interpreting Earnings Surprises

It is commonly believed that relatively large absolute earnings surprises trigger more differential interpretations compared to small earnings surprises (e.g., Bamber 1987; and Morse et al. 1991). However, prior research provides no direct support for this belief. This study tests the prediction that, when forecasting future earnings, the weight the average analyst places on their own idiosyncratic information processing skills (or the degree to which they differentially interpret earnings) increases more after relatively large absolute earnings surprises. This prediction is based on the argument that less persistent earnings surprises (in this case relatively large earnings surprises) cause analysts to rely less heavily on the information commonly observed in earnings surprises, and to rely more heavily on their own idiosyncratic information processing skills. Using forecasts of quarterly earnings, we examine changes in the relative weight analysts place on their private information around prior quarterly earnings announcements. Consistent with our expectations, we show that the weight analysts place on their private information increases more after relatively large earnings surprises compared to small earnings surprises. We also show that the weight analysts place on their private information increases more after negative earnings surprises, which are also less persistent. Our evidence suggests that the relative importance of analysts' interpretive informational role varies across earnings announcements, and is more prevalent when there is likely to be more demand for analysts' differential interpretations. We show that this effect serves to improve the accuracy of the mean forecast.