cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Proteins and Their Assemblies with the Integrative Modeling Platform

To understand the workings of the living cell, we need to characterize protein assemblies that constitute the cell (for example, the ribosome, 26S proteasome, and the nuclear pore complex). A reliable high-resolution structural characterization of these assemblies is frequently beyond the reach of current experimental methods, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, footprinting, chemical cross-linking, FRET spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, and proteomics. However, the information garnered from different methods can be combined and used to build models of the assembly structures that are consistent with all of the available datasets, and therefore more accurate, precise, and complete. Here, we describe a protocol for this integration, whereby the information is converted to a set of spatial restraints and a variety of optimization procedures can be used to generate models that satisfy the restraints as well as possible. These generated models can then potentially inform about the precision and accuracy of structure determination, the accuracy of the input datasets, and further data generation. We also demonstrate the Integrative Modeling Platform (IMP) software, which provides the necessary computational framework to implement this protocol, and several applications for specific use cases.
The Methodology for Risk Analysis

As noted in chapter 4, the capital asset pricing model, CAPM, is an appealing framework for calculating the required rate of return. It provided a more specific determinant of the required rate of return--beta--than does the DCF approach. But there are both theoretical and empirical problems associated with its application. Chapters 4 and 7 discussed these in general terms. In this chapter we will discuss its application in more detail.
New Look on $q2^r$ -Point Fast Fourier Transforms

In this paper, the method of splitting orparallelization of calculation of the N-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) by the DFTs of smaller orders is described. For that the concept of partitions revealing the one-dimensional (1-D) DFT of order q2 r , where r > 1and q > 1 is a positive odd number, is described. Two different partitions are considered and the corresponding effective algorithms of calculation of the q2 r -point 1-D DFT are described for the q = 3 case. The calculation of the transform is based on the paired representations, when the signal is represented as a set of 1-D signals which define the 1-D DFT in disjoint subsets of frequency-points which cover the set of all frequencies. The splittings of the q2 r -point 1-D DFT are performed by the 1-D discrete 2and qpaired transforms which allow for calculating with a minimum number of operations. The examples of the paired transforms and computational complexity of the proposed algorithms for the N = 6 and 12 cases are given.
581. Exploring Potency of Small RNAs for HIV Latency Reactivation

HIV-1 can establish a stably integrated, non-productive state of infection at the level of individual cells, known as HIV latency. The current drug based combinatorial anti-retroviral therapy (cART) against HIV infection can suppress the level of plasma virus in patient below detection limit. However, despite sufficient control of viremia in patients receiving cART, interruption of therapy could cause a rebound in viremia, suggesting the existence of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells. This demonstrates only minimal or no translation of viral proteins despite maintaining a low level of transcripts. Resting memory CD4+ T cells are the best characterized latent reservoir. These cells survive a long period of time with a half life of 44 months and are not susceptible to HAART. Eradication of the viral reservoir is estimated to take approximately 70 years. Therefore HIV latency is considered a primary barrier to HIV-1 eradication. HIV-1 gene expression is mostly dependent on host transcription factors. Drugs that target these factors have been explored to reactivate latent virus. The current focus on HIV latency activation strategy is focused on safe and effective combination of anti-latency drugs, especially since existing single agent treatments are not sufficient to reactivate latent cells from infected individuals.To understand the mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency and to explore reactivation strategies, in vitro systems to model the HIV latency have been developed in T-cell lines and primary CD4+ T-cells. We recently developed LTR-GFP-IRES-Tat (LGIT) latency models for unique U3 subtype isolates in Jurkat and primary CD4+ T cells, and demonstrated that variability of Sp1 and NF-kB binding sites in theU3 region among subtypes have a major impact on emergence of latency. In addition, these latent subtypes were efficiently reactivated by treatment with the combination of clinically promising anti-latency drugs, such as prostratin and SAHA.RNA based therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs and aptamers hold a great potential for treatment of many diseases which include the diseases that lack treatments with current technologies. For example, RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous phenomenon where siRNAs specifically regulate gene expression. Unlike traditional small molecule and antibody-based drugs, siRNAs can specifically target virtually any gene. Today, siRNA is recognized as a potential novel therapeutic intervention and the study of RNAi based therapy has been accelerated.Using LGIT latency models, we recently found several siRNAs targeting factors in host transcriptional pathways were able to reactivate the latent provirus. The simultaneous treatment with IkB-α and BRD4 siRNAs showed efficient reactivation compared to individual siRNA treatments. Furthermore, we utilized an aptamer for targeted siRNA delivery and examined the potency of aptamer-siRNA chimeras for HIV-latency reactivation.
Adaptation of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii to Limiting CO2 Conditions

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can adapt to limiting CO2 conditions through the action of a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). When grown on elevated CO2 (10 to 100 times ambient levels of CO2), C. reinhardtii exhibits relatively poor affinity for external inorganic carbon. However if cells grown on elevated CO2 are switched to low CO2 conditions (ambient levels of C2 the alga will adapt to the limiting CO2 environment within four hours. During this adaptation a number of new proteins are synthesized and significant morphological changes occur. We have found that over 90% of the Rubisco within the cell is localized to the pyrenoid when cells are grown on low CO2 conditions. In contrast, in cells grown on elevated CO2 a majority of the Rubisco (60%) is found in the chloroplast stroma. In addition to the redistribution of Rubisco, messages encoding three isoforms of carbonic anhydrase, a cyclophilin and three novel membrane proteins increase under low CO2 conditions. The sequence of one of these novel cDNAs named lci2, will be reported here.
Associations between HIV-related stigma, self-esteem, social support, and depressive symptoms in Namibia.

Objective: The current study sought to investigate the association between HIV-related stigma, self-esteem, social support, and depression of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in Namibia.Method: Purposive sampling was used to recruit a total of 124 men and women living with HIV/AIDS in the Katima Mulilo region of northern Namibia. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect information on demographics, self-esteem, social support, HIV-related stigma, and depression.Results: Correlation analysis revealed that HIV-related stigma, self-esteem, and social support were all significantly correlated with depression. Further, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis indicated that HIV-related stigma was the largest risk factor and self-esteem was the largest protective factor with respect to depressive symptoms.Discussion: Findings indicated the necessity of appropriate assessment and intervention for psychosocial distress among PLWHA. Helping professionals should design evidence-based inte...
Body Mapping: Enhancing Voice Performance Through Somatic Pedagogy

Body Mapping is a somatic (mind-body) education technique designed to teach musicians skills of self-evaluation and change for performing with sensory-motor integrity. It is one of the most recent disciplines to enter the somatic field and the only one currently with a primary focus on the movement needs of musicians. A self-inquiry method, the underlying premise of Body Mapping is the importance of understanding the neurophysiological connections in the human body that lead to freedom of movement. In addition to cultivating accurate and adequate body maps, the integration of kinesthesia into sensory awareness and the development of inclusive awareness provide musicians with the skills for embodied performing.
Private Label Consumers and National Brand New Products: An Empirical Investigation

Previous research finds that national brands take market shares from private labels when they introduce new products. Which consumers they attract with the new product introduction however remains unknown. Using data from the carbonated beverage category and a cure model approach, this research empirically investigates which consumer segments are regained. Our results suggest that new national brands mostly regain brand users, though they are more likely to attract light private label users. Our results have implications for national brand managers designing launch and targeting strategies and for private label managers designing defensive strategies.
Closing nutrient cycles with biochar- from filtration to fertilizer

Abstract Many food manufacturers in the U.S. are attempting to reduce the environmental footprint of their high biological oxygen demand (BOD) effluents due to increased risk of financial surcharges from publically owned treatment works, water scarcity issues and changes in societal opinions about large scale biodegradable waste releases. Managers at these firms are often reluctant to consider on-site processing due to their fear of committing to unfamiliar and complex wastewater treatment processes with excessive capital expenditures. While an abundance of research has been performed on the use of biochar (i.e. charcoal intended to be used for agricultural purposes produced from organic waste feedstocks via pyrolysis) to mitigate the problem of heavy metal ions from traditional manufacturing effluents by filtration, little is known on biochar's potential to treat high BOD industrial aqueous food wastes. This paper attempts to fill this gap by gauging the environmental and financial sustainability of a vertically integrated biochar filtration system, wherein maple wood biochar is used to treat high BOD tofu whey effluent and subsequently re-utilize that material as an enriched value-added soil amendment to improve crop quality and yields in basil and lettuce. Results show whey filtered biochar significantly increased fresh weight in basil and lettuce above the no biochar and unfiltered biochar controls. This novel approach could potentially help food and beverage manufacturers sustainably reduce their carbon and water footprints by harvesting and monetizing the nutrients found in their wastewaters, while allowing farmers to close regional nutrient cycles by returning nutrient rich carbon to the soil and reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers or costly peat moss or perlite soil amendments in greenhouses.
Interaction between endogenous opioids and IL-2 on PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes.

Endogenous opioids exert a variety of extra central nervous system (CNS) functions, including modulation of some human lymphocyte functions. The latter opioid activity may result in elevation of human natural killer (NK) function (i.e. by beta-endorphin), which is reversed by an opioid antagonist, Naloxone. Since recent evidence has suggested both structural and functional similarities between lymphokines known to elevate human NK function (interferon and interleukin-2) and endogenous opioids, we investigated if Naloxone could modulate lymphokine-enhanced human NK activity. Naloxone blunted, in a dose-dependent fashion, the NK-enhancing activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes or large granular lymphocytes by recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or interleukin-2 (IL-2). Naloxone decreased the uptake of radiolabelled IL-2 receptors. beta-endorphin also decreased the binding of radiolabelled IL-2 or IL-2 receptor-positive human lymphocytes. Finally, labelled Naloxone was inhibited from binding to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes by either beta-endorphin or IL-2. These findings strongly suggest that human lymphocyte receptors for opioid, IFN or IL-2 molecules, once occupied, have distinct influences on the alternate receptor. In addition, these data further strengthen the potential role of CNS-mediated influences on the human immune system.
Issues in Tool Acquisition

Abstract : This technical report identifies issues involved in the acquisition of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools. Among the issues identified and discussed are cost, performance, process support, maintenance, data management, tool integration, and standardization. The report concludes with recommendations intended for individuals or groups responsible for acquiring CASE tools.
An electrochemically deposited collagen wound matrix combined with adipose-derived stem cells improves cutaneous wound healing in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes:

Chronic wounds complicated by diabetes are a significant clinical issue, and their occurrence is expected to continue to rise due to an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes. Diabetic wounds frequently lead to nonhealing ulcers, and often eventually result in limb amputation due to the high risk of infection of the chronic wound. Here, we present a tissue-engineered treatment that combines a novel electrochemically deposited collagen wound matrix and human adipose-derived stem cells. The matrix fabrication process is optimized for voltage and time, and the final collagen biomaterial is thoroughly characterized. This collagen material possesses high tensile strength, high porosity, and excellent biocompatibility and cellular proliferation capabilities. Human adipose-derived stem cells were seeded onto the collagen wound matrix and this construct is investigated in a full thickness excisional wound in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. This novel treatment is shown to stimulate excellent healing and tissue regeneration, resulting in increased granulation tissue formation, epidermal thickness, and overall higher quality tissue reformation. Both the collagen wound matrix alone and collagen wound matrix in combination with adipose derived stem cells appeared to be excellent treatments for diabetic skin wounds, and in the future can also be optimized to treat other injuries such as burns, blast injuries, surgical incisions, and other traumatic injuries.
Teacher Professional Learning Communities and Institutional Complexity: Negotiating Tensions between Institutional Logics

In recent years, work in organizational theory has increasingly drawn upon the concept of institutional logics, the “assumptions, values, beliefs and rules” that provide the organizing principles f...
The Cold War and Third World revolution

Abstract Much of the Cold War took place in the Third World. The three works authored by Gregg A. Brazinsky, Winning the Third World: Sino-American Rivalry During the Cold War; Jeffry James Byrne, Mecca of Revolution: Algeria, Decolonization, and the Third World Order; and Jeremy Friedman, Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World, are reviewed here and they provide historical details. A consistent theme that emerges is the importance of ideological factors in driving the events are discussed. It is also clear that the Third World states were not passive objects of pressure from great powers but had agendas of their own. These books provide useful material for theorists of international relations and policy makers.
“You Dinked My Battleship”: The Dinking Game for Pickleball Skill Learning

Pickleball is being played and taught all over the world. Requiring a combination of touch and power shots, pickleball is a game of both patience and opportunistic play. Despite its popularity, lim...
Angioplasty-induced epigenomic remodeling entails BRD4 and EZH2 hierarchical regulations

Atherosclerosis is commonly treated with angioplasty which, however, evokes neointimal hyperplasia (IH) and recurrent stenotic diseases. Epigenomic investigation was lacking on post-angioplasty IH. The histone acetylation reader BRD4 and H3K27me3 writer EZH2 are potent epigenetic factors; their relationship is little understood. Through genome-wide survey in the rat angioplasty model, we studied BRD4 and EZH2 functional regulations involved in IH. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIPseq) using rat carotid arteries. While H3K27me3 ChIPseq signal prevalently intensified in balloon-injured (vs uninjured) arteries, BRD4 and H3K27ac became more enriched at Ezh2. Indeed, BRD4-siRNA or CRISPR-deletion of BRD4-associated enhancer abated the smooth muscle cell (SMC) expression of EZH2, and SMC-specific BRD4 knockout in BRD4fl/fl; Myh11CreERT2 mice reduced both H3K27me3 and IH in wire-injured femoral arteries. In accordance, post-angioplasty IH was exacerbated and mitigated, respectively, by lentiviral expression and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2/1; EZH2 (or EZH1) loss- and gain-of-function respectively attenuated and aggravated pro-IH SMC proliferative behaviors. Furthermore, while H3K27me3 ChIPseq signal magnified at P57 and ebbed at Ccnd1 and Uhrf1 after injury, silencing either EZH2 or EZH1 in SMCs up-regulated P57 and down-regulated Ccnd1 and Uhrf1. In summary, our results reveal an upsurge of EZH2/H3K27me3 after angioplasty, BRD4 control over EZH2 expression, and non-redundant EZH2/1 functions. As such, this study unravels angioplasty-induced loci-specific H3K27me3/ac redistribution in the epigenomic landscape rationalizing BRD4/EZH2-governed pro-IH regulations.
Finding Missing Objects in Biblical Hebrew (with an Appendix on Missing Subjects)

Missing object complements are significant for the grammar and the lexicon. An explanation is called for of their syntactic status, the basis for their “recovery” or interpretation in discourse, constrictions on what type of objects may be missing, and their information-structure status in the context of object marking more generally. In this essay I present a taxonomy of missing complements in Biblical Hebrew from the perspective of information structure, focusing especially on the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic bases of their interpretation in the discourse. In an appendix I briefly explore the applicability of this taxonomy of missing objects to explain the interpretation of missing subjects in Biblical Hebrew discourse.
Yeast Nuak1 phosphorylates histone H3 threonine 11 in low glucose stress conditions by the cooperation of AMPK and CK2 signaling

Changes in available nutrients are inevitable events for most living organisms. Upon nutritional stress, several signaling pathways cooperate to change the transcription program through chromatin regulation to rewire cellular metabolism. In budding yeast, histone H3 threonine 11 phosphorylation (H3pT11) acts as a marker of low glucose stress and regulates the transcription of nutritional stress responsive genes. Understanding how this histone modification senses external glucose changes remains elusive. Here, we show that Tda1, the yeast orthologue of human Nuak1, is a direct kinase for H3pT11 upon low glucose stress. Yeast AMPK directly phosphorylates Tda1 to govern Tda1 activity, while CK2 regulates Tda1 nuclear localization. Collectively, AMPK and CK2 signaling converge on histone kinase Tda1 to link external low glucose stress to chromatin regulation.
Clinical Utility of the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP) After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Sixty-one children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury completed the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP; Sherman & Brooks, 2015) within 1 to 12 months post injury. Most of the ChAMP...
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of hydroxychloroquine, its two metabolites, and azithromycin in EDTA-treated human plasma.

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM) are antimalarial drugs recently reported to be active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the global COVID-19 pandemic. In an emergency response to the pandemic, we aimed to develop a quantitation method for HCQ, its metabolites desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) and bisdesethylchloroquine (BDCQ), and AZM in human plasma. METHODS: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop the method. Samples (20 µL) are extracted by solid-phase extraction and injected onto the LC-MS/MS system equipped with a PFP column (2.0 × 50 mm, 3 µm). ESI+ and MRM are used for detection. Ion pairs m/z 336.1â247.1 for HCQ, 308.1â179.1 for DHCQ, 264.1â179.1 for BDCQ, and 749.6â591.6 for AZM are selected for quantification. The ion pairs m/z 342.1â253.1, 314.1â181.1, 270.1â181.1, and 754.6â596.6 are selected for the corresponding deuterated internal standards (IS) HCQ-d4, DHCQ-d4, BDCQ-d4, and AZM-d5. The less abundant IS ions from 37Cl were used to overcome the interference from the analytes. RESULTS: Under optimized conditions, retention times are 0.78 min for BDCQ, 0.79 min for DHCQ, 0.92 min for HCQ and 1.87 min for AZM. Total run time is 3.5 min per sample. The calibration ranges are 2-1000 ng/mL for HCQ and AZM, 1-500 ng/mL for DHCQ and 0.5-250 ng/mL for BDCQ; samples above the range are validated for up to 10-fold dilution. Recoveries of the method ranged from 88.9-94.4% for HCQ, 88.6-92.9% for DHCQ, 88.7-90.9% for BDCQ, and 98.6%-102% for AZM. The IS normalized matrix effect were within (100±10) % for all 4 analytes. Blood samples are stable for at least 6 hr at room temperature. Plasma samples are stable for at least 66 hr at room temperature, 38 days at -70°C, and 4 freeze-thaw cycles. CONCLUSIONS: An LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of HCQ, DHCQ, BDCQ, and AZM in human plasma was developed and validated for clinical studies requiring fast turnaround time and small samples volume.
Individual differences in romantic attachment: Shared environment does not predict shared attachment style.

Abstract. In the 1980s, psychologists extended attachment theory into the domain of adult romantic bonds by proposing that romantic love can be conceptualized as a process of becoming attached (Haz...
Assessment of Queue Warning Application on Signalized Intersections for Connected Freight Vehicles

Connected vehicle (CV) systems are at the core of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for their capability to support a variety of ITS applications and to unite vehicles and infrastructure ele...
Predictive Maintenance of Pump and Abatement Equipment in a 300mm Semiconductor Fab

Effective maintenance strategy in semiconductor manufacturing factories (Fabs) must enable sufficient tool availability to meet fab capacity needs while minimizing the all-in costs of that capacity – including the parts and labor for scheduled maintenance and the parts, labor, and product losses associated with unscheduled maintenance. There are also the costs associated with developing and maintaining various sensors and controls algorithms. One part of this equipment maintenance strategy involves the scheduling of maintenance activities for complex sub-systems such as dry vacuum pumps and associated abatement systems. This paper presents a case study on how univariate FDC can be used as a Predictive Maintenance (PdM) technique by utilizing existing sub-system sensor data, enabling improved maintenance scheduling with deeper insights into process effects on the sub-systems performance as it pertains to a focus on equipment availability optimization. By utilizing “direct measurements” instead of probabilistic measurements, such as Machine Learning (ML), such an approach can generate unambiguous signals that predict over ninety percent of the associated sub-system failures.
Dysphagia Severity and Outcomes Following Iatrogenic High Vagal Nerve Injury.

OBJECTIVE To examine severity of dysphagia and outcomes following iatrogenic high vagal nerve injury. METHODS Retrospective chart review of all patients with iatrogenic high vagal nerve injury that were seen at a tertiary referral center from 2012 to 2020. RESULTS Of 1304 patients who met criteria for initial screening, 18 met all inclusion criteria. All 18 required intervention to address postoperative dysphagia. Eleven required enteral feeding tubes with 7 eventually able to advance to exclusively per oral diets. Fourteen underwent vocal fold injection and 6 underwent laryngeal framework surgery. Sixteen pursued swallowing therapy with speech language pathology. Patients lost a mean of 8.6 kg of weight in the 6 months following the injury. Swallowing function on the Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) was 4.4 and 2.4 respectively immediately following the injury and improved to 1.9 and 5.3 at the last follow-up. No patients had complete return of normal swallowing function at last follow up. CONCLUSION Iatrogenic high vagal injury causes significant lasting dysphagia which improves with intervention but does not completely resolve. Interventions such as vocal fold injection, medialization laryngoplasty, cricopharyngeal myotomy, or swallowing therapy may be required to reestablish safe swallowing in these patients.
Age differences in adaptation of medial-lateral gait parameters during split-belt treadmill walking

The split-belt treadmill has been used to examine the adaptation of spatial and temporal gait parameters. Historically, similar studies have focused on anterior-posterior (AP) spatiotemporal gait parameters because this paradigm is primarily a perturbation in the AP direction, but it is important to understand whether and how medial-lateral (ML) control adapts in this scenario. The ML control of balance must be actively controlled and adapted in different walking environments. Furthermore, it is well established that older adults have balance difficulties. Therefore, we seek to determine whether ML balance adaptation differs in older age. We analyzed split belt induced changes in gait parameters including variables which inform us about ML balance control in younger and older adults. Our primary finding is that younger adults showed sustained asymmetric changes in these ML balance parameters during the split condition. Specifically, younger adults sustained a greater displacement between their fast stance foot and their upper body, relative to the slow stance foot, in the ML direction. This finding suggests that younger adults may be exploiting passive dynamics in the ML direction, which may be more metabolically efficient. Older adults did not display the same degree of asymmetry, suggesting older adults may be more concerned about maintaining a stable gait.
Crossover from impurity to valence band in diluted magnetic semiconductors: Role of Coulomb attraction by acceptors

The crossover between an impurity band (IB) and a valence band (VB) regime as a function of the magnetic impurity concentration in a model for diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) is studied systematically by taking into consideration the Coulomb attraction between the carriers and the magnetic impurities. The density of states and the ferromagnetic transition temperature of a spin-fermion model applied to DMSs are evaluated using dynamical mean-field theory and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. It is shown that the addition of a square-well-like attractive potential can generate an IB at small enough Mn doping $x$ for values of the $p$-$d$ exchange $J$ that are not strong enough to generate one by themselves. We observe that the IB merges with the VB when $x\ensuremath{\geqslant}{x}_{c}$ where ${x}_{c}$ is a function of $J$ and the Coulomb strength $V$. Using MC simulations, we demonstrate that the range of the Coulomb attraction plays an important role. While the on-site attraction, which has been used in previous numerical simulations, effectively renormalizes $J$ for all values of $x$, an unphysical result, a nearest-neighbor range attraction renormalizes $J$ only at very low dopings, i.e., until the bound holes wave functions start to overlap. Thus, our results indicate that the Coulomb attraction can be neglected to study Mn-doped $\mathrm{GaSb}$, $\mathrm{GaAs}$, and $\mathrm{GaP}$ in the relevant doping regimes, but it should be included in the case of Mn-doped $\mathrm{GaN}$, which is expected to be in the IB regime.
The severity of unhealthy alcohol use in hospitalized medical patients. The spectrum is narrow.

BACKGROUND: Professional organizations recommend screening and brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use; however, brief intervention has established efficacy only for people without alcohol dependence. Whether many medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use have nondependent use, and thus might benefit from brief intervention, is unknown.
Affinity labelling of proteinases with tryptic specificity by peptides with C-terminal lysine chloromethyl ketone.

Methods are described for the synthesis of peptides terminating in Lys-CH2Cl. The products were examined as affinity labels for several enzymes of trypsin-like specificity which are resistant to Tos-Lys-CH2Cl. In part, the inertness of the latter may be due to the sulphonamide group, since Z-Lys-CH2Cl was more effective. However, a number of tripeptides with C-terminal Lys-CH2Cl were superior in their ability to inactivate subtilisin, thrombin and plasma kallikrein. The possibility of developing enzyme-specific reagents selective for members within the trypsin-like group is demonstrated by Ala-Phe-Lys-CH2Cl, which readily inactivates plasma kallikrein but not thrombin.
Early intervention with Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein modulates catabolic microRNA and mRNA expression in cartilage after impact injury

Summary Objective The purpose of this controlled laboratory study was to determine the efficacy of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein (IRAP) treatment as an early intervention strategy by examining the changes in microRNA and mRNA expression in cartilage in an ex-vivo porcine knee joint impact model. Methods Custom impact device was used to create replicable injury ex-vivo to intact porcine knee joint. Injury was caused by dropping a 10 kg weight one time from 1 m directly above the knee in extension. One hour after impact 20 μg/ml IRAP solution was intra-articularly injected. At 8 h post-injury, cartilage samples were harvested for cell viability and genetic expression analysis. Genetic expression of miR-27b, miR-140, miR-125b, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α were analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell viability image analysis was performed using ImageJ software. Groups were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. A P -value Results At 8 h after IRAP treatment, expressions of ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α in cartilage were significantly down-regulated from injury group (all P P Conclusion This study demonstrates that IRAP treatment administered during acute phase of cartilage impact injury increases expression levels of miR-140, miR-125b, and miR-27b in cartilage, indicating increased inhibition of their respective matrix-degrading enzymes. Clinically, these findings support the potential of IRAP treatment as an early intervention strategy for the prevention of cartilage degeneration after impact injury.
Segmented organosiloxane copolymers. 1. Synthesis of siloxane—urea copolymers

Abstract Siloxane—urea linked segmented copolymers were synthesized from α,ω-bis(aminopropyl)poly dimethylsiloxane oligomers and various aromatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as MDI, TDI and H-MDI. Molecular weights of the siloxane oligomers were varied in the range of 1000–4000 g mole−1 and high molecular weight linear copolymers were obtained by employing homogeneous solution polymerization techniques. The solvent used during the reactions has a very critical role on the average molecular weight of the final product. Bis(2-ethoxy ethyl) ether (EEE) and THF were most useful. Chain extenders such as aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamines were also used in some reactions and in this case polar cosolvents such as NMP were also required. The yields were usually very high and the amorphous products obtained from the simple stoichiometric linking reaction were soluble in various common organic solvents. Formation of urea linkages during the polymerization were followed by FTi.r. spectroscopy. The copolymers were characterized by g.p.c. and intrinsic viscosity measurements, FTi.r., n.m.r. and thermal analysis. All these results together with mechanical characterization described in the accompanying second paper of this series indicate the formation of novel, segmented elastomeric siloxane—urea copolymers.
Mothers on Trial: The Custodial Vulnerability of Women

Mothers are not protected by patriarchal law or custom. Double standards pervade the child custody courts: fathering is over-valued, mothering under-valued. Fathers often win custody even when they are parentally uninvolved or abusive; mothers lose it for any departure from an idealized stereotype of motherhood. In particular, male violence is routinely minimized and female response to it seen as pathological. Creative tactics are necessary in order for custodially embattled mothers to survive; and more publicity and more facilities are urgently needed.
Blocking Bounds for Random Channel Selection on Tree Topologies

Nonloopy network topologies are considered under the limitation that a channel can be utilized only if it is idle at all neighboring sites. Random channel selection is studied under a standard circuit-switched traffic model. Upper and lower bounds for blocking probabilities are determined via an auxiliary network process whose equilibrium distribution admits a computationally convenient form. By way of another approximate characterization, it is argued that random channel selection incurs vanishing loss of optimality as the number of channels and the traffic load increase in proportion.
The influence of ascorbic acid, TGF-β1, and cell-mediated remodeling on the bulk mechanical properties of 3-D PEG–fibrinogen constructs

Abstract Two-dimensional cell culture studies have shown that matrix rigidity can influence cell function, but little is known about how matrix physical properties, and their changes with time, influence cell function in 3-D. Biosynthetic hydrogels based on PEGylated fibrinogen permit the initial decoupling of matrix chemical and mechanical properties, and are thus potentially attractive for addressing this question. However, the mechanical stability of these gels due to passive hydrolysis and cell-mediated remodeling has not previously been addressed. Here, we show that the bulk mechanical properties of acellular PEG–fibrinogen hydrogels significantly decrease over time in PBS regardless of matrix cross-linking density in 7 days. To compensate, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were encapsulated and stimulated to produce their own matrix using ascorbic acid or TGF-β1. Ascorbic acid treatment improved the mechanical properties of the constructs after 14 days in less cross-linked matrices, but TGF-β1 did not. The increase in matrix modulus of the constructs was not due to an increase in type I collagen deposition, which remained low and pericellular regardless of cross-link density or the soluble factor applied. Instead, ascorbic acid, but not TGF-β1, preferentially enhanced the contractile SMC phenotype in the less cross-linked gels. Inhibition of contractility reduced cell spreading and the expression of contractile markers, and eliminated any beneficial increase in matrix modulus induced by cell-generated contraction of the gels. Together, these data show that PEG–fibrinogen hydrogels are susceptible to both hydrolysis and proteolysis, and suggest that some soluble factors may stimulate matrix remodeling by modulating SMC phenotype instead of inducing ECM synthesis in a 3-D matrix.
Transient stability angular increment computer

DETERMINATION of the transient-stability limit of a power system requires expressing the rotor angle of each machine or group of machines in the system as a function of time following the initial disturbance. This problem has been solved using miniature dynamic systems, digital computers, and differential analyzers. The latter two methods require a-c network analyzer measurements of the transfer impedances and prefault conditions. Other methods use special-purpose synchronous machine analogues coupled to the a-c network analyzer to represent power system behavior on an expanded time scale. Transient swings following a disturbance are then automatically determined. Such equipment is expensive and does not integrate readily into existing analyzer installations. At present most multimachine transient-stability problems are solved on a-c network analyzers using the step-by-step method.
Thyroid secretion rate in the neonatal rat.

Abstract Neonatal thyroid secretion rates (TSR) were determined by a direct output method. The neonatal rat has a low level of thyroidal function at birth, and this condition persists until the animal weighs 22 gm. Thereafter, there is an abrupt increase in TSR and the thyroid iodine content, both of which, from that time on, vary linearly with the logarithm of body weight. This relationship is maintained at least until the rats weight 244 gm, at an age of about 60 days. The existence of a mother-infant iodine cycle was confirmed. Approximately 9.36% of the average 131 I count in thyroid glands of tagged litter-mates was transferred within 48 hours via the mother's milk to an untagged foster rat of the same age. The number of rats in the litter, their ages, and their weights had no influence on the amount of cycled iodine.
CLEOII trigger system

We present a description of the trigger system used in the CLEOII detector currently in operation at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring.
Effects of the menstrual cycle on vibrotactile sensitivity

Psychophysical thresholds for the detection of vibration delivered to the thenar eminence of the right hands of young males and females were measured every other day for 30–34 days. The frequency of the vibratory stimulus was either 15 or 250 Hz. The sinusoidal stimuli applied through a 3.0-cm2 contactor were 700 msec in duration and had rise-fall times of 25 msec. Stimulus amplitude was measured with a calibrated accelerometer mounted on the moving element of the vibrator. Data were plotted as a function of successive days in the menstrual cycle. Thresholds for detecting the 15-Hz stimulus did not change significantly, whereas thresholds for detecting the 250-Hz stimulus varied significantly over the menstrual cycle. The 250-Hz threshold became progressively lower as subjects approached the onset of menstruation. After the onset of menstruation, the 250-Hz threshold gradually increased, reaching a maximum value approximately 12 or 13 days later. Soon after the 12th or 13th day of the cycle, the threshold again began to decline and continued to decline until the onset of the next menstrual cycle. The thresholds of women taking birth control pills did not change systematically over the testing period.
A New Incremental Learning Modeling Method Based on Multiple Models for Temperature Prediction of Molten Steel in LF

Traditional temperature prediction models of molten steel have to face the dilemma problems about updating models. Aiming at these problems, a new incremental learning modeling method based on multiple models is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an intelligent model based on ELM is established by analyzing the conversation of energy during whole refining process of LF as generic sub intelligent model. Secondly, the errors of different generic sub intelligent models are calculated. The weights of sub intelligent models can be obtained by these errors. Then the temperature prediction model is presented by aggregating these sub intelligent models. Finally, when new production data accumulate enough, they will be used to train a new sub intelligent model and the sub model's weight will be obtained according to the errors of training. Then the new aggregated temperature prediction model is established based on all of the generic sub intelligent models that include the old ones and the new one. Till then, the updating of prediction model is completed. The new incremental learning method preserves the information of old sub models by this process, and no longer by saving the all original data. Therefore, it is efficient to save a mass of space and time. The new temperature prediction model with incremental learning is used in 300 t LF of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. The results demonstrate both updating ability and accuracy of new model are satisfied for production.
Ribbed Flow from a Flat Channel

DURING our study of the flow properties of fluids we have observed a ribbed surface on a viscoelastic fluid when it exited from a long, smooth, slit-like flow channel1. Fig. 1 shows an example of this phenomenon as such a fluid leaves the channel. The surface had the appearance of corduroy (cycloidal cross-section) and this unusual flow pattern was remarkably regular and stable.
Tubulin structure: insights into microtubule properties and functions

Abstract The structure of tubulin has recently been determined by electron crystallography, paving the way for a clearer understandin of the unique properties of tubulin that allow its varied functions within the cell. Some of the ongoing work on tubulin can be interpreted in terms of its structure, which can serve to guide future studies.
Hypoxia, PAF, and necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important neonatal disease with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiology is unclear but epidemiologic studies suggest that hypoxia and infection are important risk factors. In this review we discuss the effect of hypoxia and platelet-activating factor (PAF) on intestinal blood flow and intestinal necrosis, and implicate PAF as an important mediator in hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. Finally we provide evidence that PAF may be important in neonatal NEC.
Electron microscopy of Hodgkin's disease tissue cultures.

Cells from 9 monolayer tissue cultures prepared from Hodgkin's disease tumors in the spleen were examined in the electron microscope. Three established culture lines (carried in vitro for >3 years and passaged >200 times) that contained aneuploid karyotypes were composed of oval cells with numerous interdigitating surface microvilli. The nuclei were complex and convoluted with multiple large nucleoli and dispersed chromatin. The cytoplasm contained lysosomes, microfilaments, a complex Golgi apparatus, nondilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, fat, and glycogen. One Hodgkin's disease monolayer with aneuploid chromosomes examined from the 4th to 48th passage in culture was composed of larger cells with fewer microvilli and numerous multinuclear giant cells. Two monolayers derived from transplanted tumors in nude mice inoculated with Hodgkin's disease cultured cells were similar to the original cell lines. The ultrastructural features of these 6 cultures with aneuploid karyotypes differed from those of 3 monolayers which, although prepared from Hodgkin's disease splenic tumors, were composed of fibroblastic cells with diploid chromosomes. The aneuploid Hodgkin's disease cultures did not resemble 6 normal spleen, thymus, or lung monolayers, Raji lymphoblastoid suspension cultures, or Hela cells. Our electron microscopic studies indicate that adherent cells which replicate in some monolayer tissue cultures derived from Hodgkin's disease tumors are related to and possibly derived from neoplastic macrophages. Cancer 44:543-557, 1979.
Estimating the 95% effective defibrillation dose

Minimum-squared-error (MinSE) testing protocols and a MinSE estimator that accurately estimate the voltage that defibrillates 95% of the time (the ED95) are presented. The MinSE experimental procedures, presented in the form of lookup tables, detail the response to successful and unsuccessful trials. The lookup tables also show the ED95 estimates calculated from the observed results using the MinSE estimator. The MinSE estimator and experimental procedure were evaluated in a study of five dogs (19-25 kg, heart weights 139.3-236.9 gm) using nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator electrodes and a biphasic defibrillation waveform (3.5 ms first phase, 2.0 ms second phase). For ED95 between 0.0 and 800.0 V, the measured RMS error was 15% of the mean measured ED95 for the MinSE, four-test-shock, ED95 estimates. If the protocols are designed with an ED95 population distribution assumption for animals of the same species and size, and defibrillation is constrained to one electrode configuration and waveform, the estimates improve by 3.8%. The MinSE approach can be extended to a variety of defibrillation parameter estimation problems. >
Potbellied Pigs: Miniature Porcine Pets

The potbellied pig was introduced into the United States in 1985 and has since become a desirable pet throughout the country. When seeking medical or husbandry advice, pig owners often seek the counsel of their local small animal practitioner. The practitioner may feel at a loss to adequately respond to requests for veterinary care because they do not remember pig medicine from veterinary school. Large animal practitioners, who have knowledge of the medicine and surgery of commercial pigs, often do not like caring for potbellied pigs because they are pets and not production animals. This article is intended to provide the small animal practitioner with some practical knowledge in the husbandry and medical care of the pet pig, also known as the yuppy puppy.
Transmission Network Planning Using Linear Programming

In long range transmission planning, where new load growth, new generation sites and perhaps a new voltage level are to be considered, a computer aided method of visualizing new circuits in a network context is needed. The new method presented meets this need by the combined use of a linear (dc) power flow transmission model and a transportation model (also known as a trans-shipment model). The dc transmission model is solved for the facilities network by obeying both of Kirchhoff's laws, flow conservation at each bus and voltage conservation around each loop. The transportation model is solved for the overloads by obeying only the bus flow conservation law while minimizing a cost objective function.
Energy awareness and uncertainty in microarchitecture-level design

The authors present microarchitecture-level statistical models for characterizing process and system parameter variability, concentrating on gate length and on-chip temperature variations. To assess the effect of microarchitecture decisions on these variations, and vice versa, they propose a joint performance, power, and variability metric that distinguishes among various design choices.
Performance of the D0 end calorimeter electromagnetic module

A uranium liquid-argon calorimeter has been constructed to serve as the end calorimeter electromagnetic module for the D0 experiment at Fermilab. The author presents details of the construction and the results of tests made using electron beams ranging from 10 GeV to 150 GeV. The energy resolution is 15.5%/ square root E(GeV) with a small constant term of approximately 0.5%, and the response is linear to better than +or-0.5%. >