cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simian Cytomegalovirus Encodes Five Rapidly Evolving Chemokine Receptor Homologues

Many herpesviruses, poxviruses and retroviruses encode proteins related to chemokines and chemokine receptors. The first one discovered, US28 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), is a 7-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled chemokine receptor able to activate diverse cellular responses, including cell migration and gene expression. A related ORF named US27 is adjacent to US28, but no functions have been defined yet. Recently ORFs 3–7, a cluster of five concatenated ORFs with highest homology to US28 and mammalian chemokine receptors, were sequenced from a prototype “stealth virus”, an African green monkey simian CMV (SCMV)-related entity with unusual fungal, bacterial and mammalian gene homologues. Stealth viruses have not yet been independently replicated in tissue culture, and therefore their biological significance remains unclear. ORF3, ORF4, ORF5 and ORF6 are complete ORFs whereas the sequence of ORF7 is incomplete. In the present study, we identified five corresponding ORFs in the genome of a clinical isolate of bonafide simian CMV (SCMV), strain 9610. We found substantial differences between the SCMV and “stealth virus” ORFs, especially for ORF5 where there are 31% non-identities at the amino acid level. Four conserved genes unrelated to chemokines (64K/CAP, DNBI, UL32, and IE2) in SCMV and HCMV had on average 52% identity at the deduced amino acid level, whereas the corresponding values for the SCMV ORFs versus US28 ranged from 21% to 30%, suggesting rapid gene diversification in this cluster. Consistent with this, the amino acid identity for any pairwise comparison among the SCMV ORFs is only 21–52%. The chemokine receptor homologues are estimated to comprise ∼2–3% of the SCMV genome. HCMV US27 and US28 homologues have also been identified in the chimpanzee CMV genome, whereas mouse and rat CMV lack chemokine receptor homologues. This genomic analysis indicates that SCMV has an unusually high concentration of US28-related chemokine receptor homologues that have arisen by gene duplication and have diverged extensively from their closest relatives in mammals and other β herpesviruses. The rate of divergence appears to be very rapid compared to other known SCMV genes, suggesting strong positive selection.
Margination and segregation in confined flows of blood and other multicomponent suspensions

Blood and many other multicomponent suspensions display a segregation behavior in which different components of the suspension are differentially distributed in the cross-stream direction during flow in a confined geometry such as an arteriole or a microfluidic device. Specifically, in blood the platelets and leukocytes are strongly segregated to the near-wall region and are said to be “marginated”. The present work reviews segregation phenomena in multicomponent suspensions. Well-established results on migration and shear-induced diffusion in single-component suspensions are followed by results on binary suspensions of rigid spheres. Then the primary experimental and computational observations are presented for blood and related systems. The final part of the review presents an overview of modeling approaches that attempt to incorporate the physical mechanisms underlying transport phenomena in suspensions into mathematical models – the limited degree of success attained by these models for multicomponent systems is described.
VALIDITY OF THE DIMENSIONS OF THE PAY SATISFACTION QUESTIONNAIRE: EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENTIAL PREDICTION

The present study investigated the validity of the dimensions of the Pay Satisfaction Ouestionnaire (PSQ), in particular the degree to which the dimensions of the PSQ were differentially predicted by a number of antecedents. A series of tests supported dimensionality of the PSO. Perhaps more importantly, a theoretical model was hypothesized and tested which was based on the assumption that different variables predict each of the four dimensions of pay satisfaction. Data was collected from a heterogeneous sample of sales, managerial, professionaltechnical, and nonexempt employees from a large multidivision corporation. A series of analyses indicated that the items from the PSO loaded on their hypothesized dimensions, and the dimensions were empirically distinct. Furthermore, the dimensions were differentially predicted by a series of antecedents. This differential prediction evidence supports the validity of the dimensions of the PSO in a more rigorous and comprehensive manner than has been produced by past research.
Breakdown of Dynamic Scaling of Disclination Loop Decay Biased by Electrohydrodynamic Convection in a Nematic Liquid Crystal

Electrohydrodynamic convection in the nematic liquid crystal MBBA in the presence of a competing magnetic field produces disclination loops in the two dynamic scattering states DSM 1 and DSM 2. The convection and magnetic field bias this initial state so that the subsequent decay of the disclination loops does not obey dynamic scaling. We experimentally confirm this breakdown of dynamic scaling.
Ill-health, savings and portfolio choices in developing economies

Abstract This paper examines the effect of adult health on the savings and portfolio decisions of rural Pakistani households. It also tests whether such effects result because ill-health affects income and the rates of return on specific assets. By so doing, it provides evidence on the sensitivity of savings to income changes and to interest rates. I find that expectations of future ill-health increase overall savings, but reduce investments in productive assets thereby forging a link between health and poverty. I also find that the number of males in a household condition the impact of the ill-health of any given individual on savings outcomes.
Purified human basophils do not generate LTB4.

Abstract We investigated the release of the 5-lipoxygenase derivatives of arachidonic acid (AA) in purified human basophils and compared them with similar results obtained in the human lung mast cell. We have shown that purified basophils (average purity = 51± 6%) challenged with 0.1 μg/ml anti-IgE released histamine (35 ± 9%), and LTC4 (32 ± 10 ng/106 cells) but failed to release measurable quantities of immunoreactive LTB4. In contrast, the non-specific stimulus, A23187, caused the release of histamine and both LTC4 (279 ± 95 ng/106 cells) and LTB4 (148 ± 41 ng/106 cells). Closer analysis of the data revealed an inverse relationship between the levels of LTB4 released and the purity of the basophils, strongly suggesting that the contaminating monocytes were responsible for LTB4 synthesis. Purified human lung mast cells have been shown to release 6 ng of immunoreactive LTB 4 10 6 cells, indicating that basophils release significantly less LTB4 following an IgE-mediated challenge. In a series of experiments using highly purified basophils prelabeled with [3H]AA, we demonstrated that exposure to 0.1 μg/ml anti-IgE led to the release of [3H]LTC4, with no detectable [3H]LTB4, whereas exposure to 1.0 μg/ml A23187 caused the release of [3H]LTC4 and smaller quantities of [3H]LTB4, [3H]LTD4, and [3H]LTE4. We failed to detect any [3H]LTB4 in the cell pellet following challenge with either anti-IgE or A23187, indicating that LTB4 was not synthesized and retained within the cell pellet. Finally, we found that exogenously added [3H]LTB4 was not metabolized, either by basophils alone or by basophils stimulated with anti-IgE (O.1 μg/ml).
CHILDHOOD INJURIES, III: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON‐MOTOR VEHICLE HEAD TRAUMA

The spectrum of children's head trauma, excluding that caused by motor vehicles and child abuse, was investigated by examining 197,561 injuries treated in hospital emergency rooms during 1978. Such injuries accounted for 11 per cent of emergency-room visits. Preschool children had the highest rate of head injury, and among infants under one year these injuries accounted for 40 per cent of the total injuries treated in emergency rooms. Concussion occurred in one-fifth of adolescent cases. Fractures occurred in a relatively small percentage, but infants under one year had the highest rate (6 per cent). Most injuries to younger children occurred at home; among older children they occurred most often during sporting or recreational activities. The implications of these findings for preventive efforts are discussed.
The Use of Anthropomorphizing as a Tool for Generating Organizational Theories

AbstractDespite admonishments that anthropomorphizing represents a serious error in scientific thinking, this review shows that anthropomorphizing has been a critically important tool for developing influential theories in organization studies. Analyzing the literatures related to organizational identity and organizational knowledge reveals how organization theorists build on their rich and highly accessible understanding of humans (i.e. the self and others) to (1) make guesses and sense of organizational anomalies, (2) articulate theoretical mechanisms to build stronger theories, and (3) create plausible stories that facilitate sensegiving. Our review shows how some theorists by using particular approaches were able to use anthropomorphizing to generate new organizational theories, yet anthropomorphizing does not always lead to such salutary outcomes. Anthropomorphizing is less likely to enhance theorizing in organization studies when the theorist does not sufficiently doubt their guesses about organizat...
Simultaneous broadening of the depleted pump and signal from an optical parametric amplifier

An optical parametric amplifier signal and its unconverted pump are studied as a method of waveform synthesis. Generating broad spectra with self phase modulation to create coherent multi-octave CEP stabilized pulses is discussed.
Overview of the potential instrument payload for the EOS system

The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a key element of the U.S. Program in Global Change. It is NASA's initiative to provide the scientific means to observe the earth as a system. The EOS satellite system and accompanying Data and Information System (DIS) provide spacebased platforms and groundbased elements for scientific research and information extraction. The program recognizes the need for global coverage, long term observations, and multidisciplinary analyses in order to detect subtle changes in the environment's state. A multidisciplinary payload of active and passive sensors is proposed to accomplish the objectives of the program. International partners are an important element of the program. This paper focuses on the instrument complement for the EOS-A spacecraft since those decisions will occur this year. Significant programmatic constraints and program science decisions will impact the selection of the EOS-A payload.
Dispensable pieces of an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase which activate the catalytic site

Recent data suggest that size polymorphism of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is due to variable fusions of additional functional domains to a catalytic core so that, in a large synthetase, a substantial part of the polypeptide is dispensable for catalytic activity. We demonstrate here that a dispensable domain, joined to the catalytic core of a large synthetase, can activate the catalytic sites. This is shown by complementation of an activity-deficient mutant enzyme by protein fragments that contain internal deletions within the catalytic domain and are themselves devoid of activity. The complementation is dependent upon the presence of a defined segment of polypeptide that is remote in the sequence from the catalytic core. Substantial coupling has been established between dispensable and indispensable component pieces. This could be a mechanism to build efficiently large enzymes which integrate the catalytic sites with other previously shown functional roles.
A six-year-old boy with a suspicious thyroid nodule: intrathyroidal thymic tissue.

Background: Ectopic intrathyroidal thymus tissue that forms mass lesions as a consequence of aberrant thymic migration during embryogenesis is rarely reported in the literature. Methods: We present the case of a 6-year-old boy with a right thyroid nodule and bilateral cervical lymph nodes. Thyroid hormone, antibodies, and routine chemistry tests were normal. Real-time thyroid ultrasound showed a right calcified nodule measuring 8 × 5 × 7 mm and multiple bilateral cervical lymph nodes. I131 scan showed mild decreased uptake in the right upper lobe. On fine-needle aspiration biopsy we discovered an atypical lymphoid proliferation that was suspicious, although not diagnostic, of a lymphoma. Immunostain for calcitonin was negative. Flow cytometry of the thyroid nodule aspirate demonstrated an abnormal polyclonal T cell population with dual expression of CD4 and CD8, and a subpopulation of cells that expressed TdT suggesting the possibility of lymphoblastic lymphoma. DNA analysis, as well as polymerase chain r...
Synthesis of new ferrocenyl amine sulfide and selenide complexes of group 10 metals and their catalytic activities toward selective hydrogenation, isomerization, and asymmetric Grignard cross-coupling reactions

Abstract Two series of previously unknown ferrocenyl amine sulfide and selenide ligands ( S,R )-[ER]C 5 H 4 FeC 5 H 3 [CHMeNMe 2 ] [ER] and [ER]C 5 H 4 FeC 5 H 3 [CH 2 NMe 2 ]-[ER], where E = S and Se; R = Me, Ph, Bz, 4-tolyl, and 4-ClPh, have been prepared. Lithiation of ( S )-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]ferrocene and [(dimethylamino)methyl] ferrocene first in the presence of ether and then TMEDA followed by treatment with different diselenides and disulfides resulted in the synthesis of these new ligands. Palladium and platinum dichloride adducts of these compounds have been prepared from a benzene solution of (PhCN) 2 MCl 2 where M = Pd and Pt. The palladium complexes are active catalysts for selective hydrogenation of dienes to monoenes both under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. In the case of hydrogenation of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, isomerization has been observed. Nickel complexes of the new sulfide ligands were prepared in situ and used as catalysts for the asymmetric Grignard cross-coupling reactions. The possible structures of Pd and Pt complexes are discussed. The X-ray crystal structure was determined for [SMe]C 5 H 4 FeC 5 H 3 [CH 2 NMe 2 ][SMe][PdCl 2 ]; it reveals that the Pd atom is coordinated to the S and N atoms of the same cyclopentadienyl ring.
Segmental duplications in the human genome reveal details of pseudogene formation

Duplicated pseudogenes in the human genome are disabled copies of functioning parent genes. They result from block duplication events occurring throughout evolutionary history. Relatively recent duplications (with sequence similarity ≥90% and length ≥1 kb) are termed segmental duplications (SDs); here, we analyze the interrelationship of SDs and pseudogenes. We present a decision-tree approach to classify pseudogenes based on their (and their parents’) characteristics in relation to SDs. The classification identifies 140 novel pseudogenes and makes possible improved annotation for the 3172 pseudogenes located in SDs. In particular, it reveals that many pseudogenes in SDs likely did not arise directly from parent genes, but are the result of a multi-step process. In these cases, the initial duplication or retrotransposition of a parent gene gives rise to a ‘parent pseudogene’, followed by further duplication creating duplicated–duplicated or duplicated–processed pseudogenes, respectively. Moreover, we can precisely identify these parent pseudogenes by overlap with ancestral SD loci. Finally, a comparison of nucleotide substitutions per site in a pseudogene with its surrounding SD region allows us to estimate the time difference between duplication and disablement events, and this suggests that most duplicated pseudogenes in SDs were likely disabled around the time of the original duplication.
A Professional Competency Development Model: Implications for Extension Educators

Professional development refers to continuing education designed to enhance competencies, skills, and knowledge. There is a need for a professional development model based on the educational processes used by educators of adults. A professional competency development model was constructed from a study grounded on four educational process areas in Extension. In this study, 441 randomly selected Extension educators in the North Central Region of the United States participated through an online survey. The proposed model has implications for designing professional competency development programs in the areas of needs assessment/program development, teaching and learning methods, delivery strategies, and evaluation methods. It also indicates the best time and place for Extension educators to develop the competencies and suggests a mechanism to continuously identify the knowledge and skills needed to obtain the best results. This model could be used to develop educational programs in a variety of national and international settings.
CALCIUM AND IRON INCRUSTATION AND OTHER LESIONS OF THE ELASTIC TISSUE OF THE SPLEEN AND LIVER.

In conclusion, it may be said that the lesion described consists of a selective impregnation of the elastic tissue in the splenic trabeculae and vessels with the phosphates—and perhaps other salts—of calcium and iron. There is a further chemical change in the elastic fibers which may be expressed by the term "elacin." Degenerated and, especially, calcified elastic tissue—even more than calcification in general—seems to possess an affinity for iron salts. The iron incrustations occur principally in congested or hemorrhagic tissues. The etiological agent in this case is obscure. The only other example of this lesion in the spleen was in a case of Banti's disease. Many features of this case suggest a primary splenomegaly, but the evidence in its favor is not conclusive. Calcified elastic fibers, without the iron and elacin reactions, were also present in the liver, which was the seat of a recent, apparently biliary or infectious, cirrhosis. The elastic tissue of other organs showed nothing remarkable except in the skin, where the fibers were undergoing the usual senile changes.
Effect of Chemical Penetration Enhancer and Iontophoresis on the In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Enhancement of Insulin Through Porcine Epidermis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical enhancers (fatty acids and limonene) and iontophoresis on the in vitro permeability enhancement of insulin through porcine epidermis. The following fatty acids were used: palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3). Franz diffusion cells and the Scepter iontophoretic power source were used for the percutaneous absorption studies. Cathodal iontophoresis was performed at 0.2 mA/cm2 current density. Iontophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers synergistically increased (p<0.05) the in vitro permeability of insulin. Linolenic acid (C18:3) produced greater permeability of insulin through epidermis than did other fatty acids during passive (44.45 x 10(-4) cm/h) and iontophoretic (78.03 x 10(-4) cm/h) transport. Lispro insulin flux was significantly (p<0.05) greater through linolenic acid and limonene pretreated epidermis compared to untreated controls during both passive and iontophoretic transports. Using limonene as a penetration enhancer, a linear increase in the passive and iontophoretic flux of lispro insulin was observed with donor concentrations increasing from 100 IU/mL to 300 IU/mL. Iontophoretic flux through limonene-treated epidermis using 0.5 mA/cm2 current density and 300 IU/mL insulin donor solution was 45.63 IU/cm2/day. Using an iontophoretic patch size of 10 cm2, we would be able to deliver 50 IU of insulin within 3 h.
Vertical shear in the Jovian equatorial zone

Jupiter photographs taken in two different wavelength regions (blue and red) are studied for clues to differing Jovian atmosphere motions. The relative motions of features visible on these photographs may be interpreted as a vertical shear at visible cloud level. The value obtained implies that the north equatorial zone must be about 0.35 deg K warmer than the adjacent equatorial zone. Deeper in the atmosphere the reverse must hold.
Weakly normal subgroups and classes of finite groups

A subgroup K of a group G is said to be weakly normal in G if Kg <= NG(K) implies g in NG(K). In this paper we establish certain characterizations of solvable PST-groups using some weakly normal subgroups
Consciences in the Marketplace: The Role of Cooperatives in Consumer Protection

As consumer-controlled organizations, cooperatives have played a vanguard role in consumer protection. This article reviews consumer protection programs of the economically strong European cooperatives, and presents examples of protection programs by American cooperatives in two diverse sectors, funerals and foods. Research questions are posed relating to consumer protection and to social psychology. The article ends by examining the future of consumer cooperatives and assessing their potential contributions to their members as well as to consumers at large.
Evaluating Effectiveness of Pair Programming as a Teaching Tool in Programming Courses

This study investigates the effectiveness of pair programming on student learning and satisfaction in introductory programming courses. Pair programming, used in the industry as a practice of an agile development method, can be adopted in classroom settings to encourage peer learning, increase students’ social skills, and enhance student achievement. This study explored students’ perceptions on effectiveness of pair programming and the influence of student’s level of experience with this activity and perceived partner involvement on effectiveness outcomes. Findings suggest that the more students are involved in this activity, the more they enjoy it and the more they learn by collaborating with their partners. When comparing different effectiveness measures, their perceived learning, quality of work, and enjoyment during pair programming was found to be at a higher level than increased productivity outcome.
Improving Transparency and Accountability in the Budget Process: An Assessment of Recent Initiatives

In recent decades budget transparency has come to be seen as a pillar of good governance. This article reviews budget-related transparency and accountability initiatives (TAIs) to analyse their impact. While there are many examples of success in terms of budget processes around the world being opened up to greater participation and scrutiny, there is no single recipe for creating a successful initiative to enhance transparency and accountability in the budget process. A consistent set of factors does, however, appear across those TAIs defined as successful in various ways. These include building horizontal and vertical alliances between stakeholders, the production of legitimate information, legal empowerment and international support.
An Assessment of Experiential Learning of Global Poverty Issues Through International Service Projects

Service learning has been used to supplement a standard business curriculum, but not typically in an international business context. We report the results of two short-term study abroad programs in which we incorporated service learning projects, one in Cambodia and the other in Vietnam. Our objective is to assess how we organized and delivered effective service learning projects in short-term study tours, and to assess students’ learning outcomes on global poverty issues in a business curriculum. We used both quantitative and qualitative assessment measures. The findings suggest that several types of learning outcomes did occur through the service learning projects, as the literature suggested. Seeing poverty firsthand and doing something about it through service learning may be a first experience for many students, but it seems to be a transformational one for many. We conclude that students may approach business and even political decisions with a greater understanding of their impact on poverty in the...
Simulation of magnetic aftereffect in particulate recording media

Employing a numerical integration of the Landau-lifshitz-Gilbert equation for phenomena with nanosecond characteristic times and a Monte Carlo method for much longer time periods, the authors have developed a method that in practice allows efficient simulation of magnetic aftereffect in an assembly of interacting particles for any time length of practical interest. Each particle is assumed to behave according to the Stoner-Wohlfarth model with its easy axis pointing in an arbitrary direction; thus the reversible component of magnetization change is incorporated in magnetic aftereffect studies. This simulation method was implemented on a workstation, and the hysteresis loops of the granular Fe(SiO/sub 2/) thin film material with a sweep time of 10 minutes were calculated with magnetic aftereffect. The thermal broadening of a demagnetization-limited written transition was simulated for the same material. After a sharp transition was created in the center of an assembly of particles, the change in the transition width over 100 seconds was studied. >
Someone to Lend a Helping Hand: Women Growing Old in Rural America

Someone to Lend. Helping Hand: Women Growing Old in Rural America. Dena Shenk. Amesterdam: Gorden and Breach Publishers 1998.lx. 233pp.,photograph, tables, appendixes, index.
The immunosuppressive effects of chronic morphine treatment are partially dependent on corticosterone and mediated by the μ‐opioid receptor

Wild-type and-opioid receptor knock- out (MORKO) mice were used to investigate the role of corticosterone (CORT) and the -opioid receptor (MOR) in chronic morphine-mediated im- munosuppression. We found that although plasma CORT concentrations in CORT infusion (10 mg/ kg/day) and morphine-pellet implantation (75 mg) mice were similar (400-450 ng/ml), chronic mor- phine treatment resulted in a significantly higher (two- to threefold) inhibition of thymic, splenic, and lymph node cellularity; inhibition of thymic- lymphocyte proliferation; inhibition of IL-2 syn- thesis; and activation of macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production when compared with CORT infu- sion. In addition, results show that the inhibition of IFN- synthesis and splenic- and lymph node-lym- phocyte proliferation and activation of macro- phage TNF- and IL-1 synthesis occurred only with chronic morphine treatment but not with CORT infusion. These morphine effects were abol- ished in MORKO mice. The role of the sympathetic nervous system on morphine-mediated effects was investigated by using the ganglionic blocker chlor- isondamine. Our results show that chlorisondamine was able to only partially reverse morphine's inhib- itory effects. The results clearly show that mor- phine-induced immunosuppression is mediated by the MOR and that although some functions are amplified in the presence of CORT or sympathetic activation, the inhibition of IFN- synthesis and activation of macrophage-cytokine synthesis is CORT-independent and only partially dependent on sympathetic activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 71: 782-790; 2002.
Test yield estimation for analog/RF circuits over multiple correlated measurements

Circuit and test yield information provides essential feedback to circuit designers and test engineers to evaluate their designs and test set-ups. Traditionally, Monte Carlo analysis and other sample-and-simulate based approaches have been used for yield estimation. However, such computationally costly techniques cannot be used if yield estimation needs to be repeated multiple times, as in the case of test evaluation. In this paper, we propose a technique to conduct accurate and efficient overall yield estimation based on hybrid quadratic modelling and hierarchical statistical profiling. We also develop compatible models for environmental noise and measurement error, two most important error sources in the test process. Our experiments on a baseband amplifier and a cascaded LNA-mixer circuit confirm that the proposed yield estimation technique achieves significant computational time saving with negligible accuracy loss when used for multiple test set-up evaluations.
Analysis of cloud optical thickness and effective radius retrievals for broken cloud fields

Radiative transfer model results at two wavelengths (i.e., visible and near IR) can be applied to satellite imagery to infer optical properties of clouds. In this study, the authors examine several types of cloud fields to gain an understanding of the effect of broken cloudiness on cloud property retrievals. Reliable estimates of cloud properties can be obtained for large scale, stratiform cloud fields over water. The same appears to be true even for optically thin (/spl tau/ >
Bench-to-bedside review: Mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress and apoptosis – there is nothing more practical than a good theory

Apoptosis contributes to cell death in common intensive care unit disorders such as traumatic brain injury and sepsis. Recent evidence suggests that this form of cell death is both clinically relevant and a potential therapeutic target in critical illness. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have become a target for drug discovery in recent years since their production is characteristic of early stages of apoptosis. Among many antioxidant agents, stable nitroxide radicals targeted to mitochondria have attracted attention due to their ability to combine electron and free radical scavenging action with recycling capacities. Specific mechanisms of enhanced ROS generation in mitochondria and their translation into apoptotic signals are not well understood. This review focuses on several contemporary aspects of oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial injury, particularly as they relate to oxidation of lipids and their specific signaling roles in apoptosis and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
Altruistic behavior in a representative dictator experiment

We conduct a representative dictator game in which students and random members of the community choose both what charity to support and how much to donate to the charity. We find systematic differences between the choices of students and community members. Community members are much more likely to write in their own charity, community members donate significantly more ($17), on average, and community members are much more likely (32%) to donate the entire $100 endowment. Based on this evidence, it does not appear that student behavior is very representative in the context of the charitable donations and the dictator game.
Performance Studies in an Age of Terror

I remember in 1992 at a conference of the Association for Theatre in Higher Education (ATHE), Richard Schechner arguing in a keynote speech that the whole concept of theatre as a separate, self-contained discipline was no longer relevant. Schechner predicted that theatre or drama departments themselves would eventually face extinction, to be superseded (of course) by more broadly focused concepts (and departments?) of performance studies. The advantage of this, it seemed to me at the time, would be that we would no longer have to pursue the charade that live, text-based realistic performance (reverently known as “The Drama”) was as central a modern cultural form as it had appeared to have been from the 19th century until, say, 1928, when Broadway theatre production reached its numerical highpoint; or certainly until 1940, by which time Thornton Wilder had written to Gertrude Stein that Hollywood had finally surpassed Broadway (Stein 1996:254). However, a decade has gone by and I think Schechner underestimated the conservative nature of academic thought processes and academic change, because the academic study of The Drama is still central, and performance studies is still considered by many to be a fringe discipline seeking to dilute time-honored boundaries among performance forms and their concomitant standards of artistic greatness. The curious monster of performance studies, of course, wants to cross boundaries and consider the Western dramatic tradition not simply in solipsistic terms, but in the context of world culture, popular performance, mass-media spectacle, and the performative rituals of contemporary life. What does this have to do with our post-9/11 world? Five days after the destruction of the World Trade Center, the celebrated modernist composer Karlheinz Stockhausen landed in a heap of trouble by allowing his analysis of art-making to be applied to the recent events in Manhattan. In a Hamburg press conference about a new 28-hour-long performance cycle entitled Licht, Stockhausen explained how the piece incorporated such traditional characters from the Western cultural pantheon as Saint Michael, Eve (“the mother of life”), and Lucifer (“the prince of light”) (Zander 2002). Stockhausen’s inspired artistic sense saw these figures not simply as outdated metaphors of “cultural history,” as a reporter put it, but as persistent, contemporary forces. Stockhausen offered as an example that Lucifer “is very present [...] in New York at the moment,” and then went on to make a colossal public relations blunder by referring to the destruction of the World Trade Center as Lucifer’s handiwork: “das gro ¨ste
Numerical evaluation of the scatter of principal magnetic susceptibilities from the uncertainties in experimental measurements

Explicit equations are derived which specify the total eigenvector uncertainties for a tensor of second rank in terms of the matrix of experimental measurements and the estimated measurement errors appropriate to the experiments. Only the minimum but sufficient number of measurements necessary to specify the representative ellipsoid are considered in this analysis. The specific application in mind is the measurement of magnetic anisotropy of rocks, and the calculation of the statistical scatter of the total susceptibility ellipsoids. The result of the calculations provide direct proof that the errors in the triad of principal axes calculated from a meaned set of measurements for a sample should be less than the errors in the triad of axes calculated from a single measurement of the sample. This provides the investigator with the option of using a formal statistical approach to the analysis of anisotropy data based directly upon the raw measurements and estimates of instrumental accuracy, rather than upon the scatter of spatial orientations of the total susceptibility ellipsoids estimated from the measurements. The occasionally poor agreement of a set of individual specimen measurements with matrix theory is likely due to uncorrelated errors in the raw measurements and not necessarily to operational error, instrumental defects, or the specimen itself. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01534.x
'Trish' Rogers Campbell (1963-2000)

Patricia Grizzaffi Campbell (Rogers), a planetary scientist with RAND and NASA, passed away at her home March 9 after a long and courageous struggle with cancer. She was 37 years old. Dr. Campbell received her B.A. in geological sciences from Harvard University in 1985, and her M.S. in planetary geology from Brown University in 1987. From 1988 to 1991, she worked for RAND in Santa Monica California, on a variety of planetary science programs, including geodetic control networks for Mars, Mercury Triton, and Venus, and Magellan mission planning and data analysis. She also participated in the development of mission concepts and architectures for the NASA Space Exploration Initiative.
Culture, meaning and disability: Injury prevention campaigns and the production of stigma

The potential production of stigma through health promotion campaigns is a problem that has not received attention in the current literature on the sociology of health promotion. Cultural production studies can shed light onto the ways in which injury prevention campaigns, and public health campaigns more generally, may call for life-saving interventions at the social expense of people with disabilities or other stigmatized conditions. Questioned here are not only the presumed benefits of health promotion campaigns, but also our conventional understandings of 'health' and 'disability'. This paper examines the way in which cultural production studies can contribute to a theory of the production of stigma by public health professionals. One view of cultural production views culture as a reflection of economic relationships between the dominant and the dominated. A second approach emphasizes the 'reception' of cultural works, or how audiences experience culture. Third, cultural production is sometimes analyzed in terms of texts, or the content of cultural artifacts. Insight into the dilemmas of health promotion can be provided by analyzing health promotion strategies in terms of their production, reception, and content as cultural works. Focusing on the case study of injury control and disability rights, health promotion campaigns are seen as potentially contributing to the production of stigma for people who already possess the attributes targeted for prevention. This analysis moves toward a broader theoretical foundation with which to grasp the unintended, even harmful consequences of prevention strategies, and the shared and oppositional interests of people with stigmatized conditions, targeted audiences of prevention, and public health advocates.
Light Emitting thin Film Devices Based on Self-assembled Multilayer Heterostructures of PPV

PPV based light emitting thin film devices were fabricated using a layer-by-layer deposition technique involving the alternate spontaneous adsorption of a PPV precursor polymer and either poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (SPS) or poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA). It was demonstrated that the polyanion used to self-assemble the PPV precursor strongly influences the characteristics and performance of the resulting LEDs. Devices fabricated with PPV created in the presence of SPS exhibited symmetric I–V curves, low luminance levels and very high current densities while PPV/PMA devices exhibited luminance levels in the range of 10–60 cd/m 2 and classical rectifying behavior. These dramatic differences are primarily due to a low level of p-type doping activated during the thermal conversion of PPV and/or during device operation that confers excellent hole carrier transport capabilities to the PPV/SPS combination. Fabrication of a multi-slab type heterostructure device comprised of a PPV/SPS block (hole transporting block) and a PPV/PMA block (emitting block) resulted in improved performance with luminance levels significantly higher than previously obtained for a single slab PPV/PMA device (typically > 100 cd/m 2 ). It was also demonstrated that the presence of very thin (about 20–30 A thick) insulating layers at the Al/polymer interface improves device efficiency by a factor of 2–4.
Lysine Needs of Rapidly Growing Turkeys from 12–22 Weeks of Age

Abstract Two experiments were conducted with Large White male turkeys to investigate the lysine requirement from 12 to 22 weeks of age. Six pens of 20 turkeys were fed each of the experimental diets. In experiment 1, a basal diet containing wheat, meat meal, cottonseed meal and distillers dried grains with solubles was supplemented with four levels of l -lysine. Lysine at 4.27% of protein and 2.31 g./mcal. of metabolizable energy from 16 to 20 weeks of age, and 1.83 g. from 20 to 22 weeks of age was inadequate for optimum growth and feed efficiency (16–22 weeks). Supplementing the diet with lysine from soybean meal gave performance equivalent to synthetic lysine, indicating that it was fully available. Performance of turkeys fed a diet containing 88% triticale from 16 to 20 weeks of age, and 72% from 20 to 22 weeks of age was equivalent to that of turkeys fed a more complex ration with an equivalent level of lysine. In experiment 2, Large White male turkeys were fed a basal diet composed largely of triticale and soybean meal from 12 to 20 weeks of age with different levels of added lysine. From 12 to 16 weeks of age, 3.11 g. lysine/mcal. of M.E. (4.9% of protein) was adequate for optimum growth and feed efficiency. From 16–20 weeks of age 2.36 g. lysine/mcal. of M.E. (4.3% of protein) was adequate for optimum performance. Although the estimated requirement from 16 to 20 weeks of age based on the two experiments differs (perhaps because of differences in lysine availability), the results suggest that the current N.R.C. recommendation may be higher than necessary.
Cross-cultural reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale Adult Recall Short Form.

Abstract Objective To provide data on the cross-cultural reliability of the Adult Recall Short Form of the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale (MNBS), and also illustrative validity evidence. The MNBS includes items on four aspects of neglectful behavior: cognitive, emotional, physical, and supervisory. Method The data were obtained by questionnaires completed by a convenience sample of 7179 students at 33 universities in 17 countries. Results The alpha coefficient of internal consistency for the entire sample was .72. By site, the coefficients ranged from one site with .55–12 sites in the .60–.69 range, and 20 sites with alpha of .70 or higher. The validity of the scale was indicated by low confounding with social desirability response set in all 33 cultural contexts, and by the results of construct validly analyses which controlled for physical maltreatment found that students who were victims of neglectful behavior as a child were more likely than other students to have physically assaulted a dating partner in the previous 12 months. Conclusions Although the results are from a relatively privileged sample, they revealed high rates of neglectful behavior and are sufficiently promising to encourage use of the Adult Recall Short Form of the MNBS in a variety of cultural settings.
Neuroimaging of Pediatric Central Nervous System Cytomegalovirus Infection

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus that usually results in asymptomatic or clinically benign infection. However, there are two groups of patients whose response to CMV infection is much more severe: those who are infected during fetal development and those who are immunocompromised. Although the manifestations of these types of infection differ, both often result in substantial neurologic sequelae. Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of both congenital and acquired CMV infection. Neurologic findings of congenital CMV infection include intracranial calcification, migrational abnormalities, cerebral and cerebellar volume loss, ventriculomegaly, and white matter disease. The presence of these findings in children with neurodevelopmental delays is suggestive of congenital CMV infection, even if the child was asymptomatic at birth. Certain imaging features also may indicate future neurologic deficits in symptomatic infants. Acquired CMV infection is potentially deadly in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus or with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and those with a history of solid organ or bone marrow transplantation. Imaging findings of acquired CMV infection often are nonspecific; however, they may indicate a need for further serologic analysis to determine if CMV infection is present. Early recognition and treatment of central nervous system CMV infection is vital for effective treatment, and familiarity with the imaging findings of this common infection is important for accurate diagnosis.
Foreign Intervention, Police Militarization, and the Impact on Minority Groups

This paper traces the roots of police militarization in the United States to a variety of foreign military interventions, including WWII and the Vietnam War. We analyze how these earlier conflicts, in conjunction with the subsequent War on Drugs and War on Terror, contributed to the militarization of domestic police. Also discussed is how the effects of police militarization disproportionately impact those individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, particularly racial minorities.
A Recommendation-based Book-Exchange System Without Using Wish Lists

We introduce EasyEx, a recommendation-based book exchange system which identifies potential exchanges for a user solely based on the user’s item list. EasyEx is novel, since it effectively identifies books that are likely appealing to users, and optimizes book-exchange cycles to increase serendipity, instead of simply swapping books on users’ wish lists as performed by existing item-exchange algorithms. Experimental results have verified that EasyEx offers users recommended books that satisfy their interests and contributes to the itemexchange mechanism with a new design methodology.
On the Equilateral Hyperbola

(1931). On the Equilateral Hyperbola. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 383-386.
Increased captures of adult screwworms and secondary screwworms in electrocuter grid traps.

A battery-powered electrocuter grid trap captured 92 times more male screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), 56 times more female screwworms, and 11 times more secondary screwworms, C. macellaria (F.) (combined sexes), than a conventional screen trap when both were baited with a chemical attractant. The increased effectiveness and the portability of the battery-powered grid trap make it a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring low insect populations.
Cushing's Syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is usually caused by the secretion of corticotropin or cortisol by a pituitary or adrenal tumor, respectively, or by ectopic secretion of corticotropin. It is possible to determine the specific abnormality in most patients, but it can sometimes be difficult to decide whether the patient has hypercortisolism and whether it is primary or due to major depressive disorder or to the stress of other diseases. Determining the cause of the hypercortisolism involves performing multiple tests in a logical sequence; the results should all be consistent with the same diagnosis. Treatment should aim to cure the hypercortisolism and to eliminate any tumor that threatens the patient's health, while minimizing the chance of an endocrine deficiency or long-term dependence on medications.
Collagen diseases in children; problem of diagnosis.

The majority of cases of collagen disorders can be diagnosed by careful evaluation of the entire clinical picture, including properly selected laboratory tests. However, on occasion, new developments in the course of the patient's illness may make it necessary to alter the original clinical diagnosis. Rarely, multiple diagnoses must be made when unmistakable features of more than one collagen disease appear in the same individual.Although rheumatic fever is more common in childhood, the other disorders in this group are not so rare that they may be disregarded in differential diagnosis. Before a final diagnosis of rheumatic fever is made in any case, proper consideration should be given to the possibility that the patient's symptomatology is caused by one of the other collagen disorders.
Epidemiological Investigation of the First Case infected With Human Avian Influenza in Urban Areas in Anhui Province

Objective The investigation was implemented to find out the reason of one death city of human avian influenza in Bengbu City so as to provide a scientific basis for the future prevention and control of human avian influenza.MethodsCase survey and field epidemiological survey were conducted.ResultsThe samples were tested AIV-RNA positive by the Anhui Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the H5N1 avian influenza virus were isolated from the samples.This was the first city case of Human Avian Influenza found in Anhui Province.And the epidemic situation was well controlled because the prevention measures were timely taken for the intimate physical contacts.ConclusionsMeanwhile there are not effective immunological control measures at the present time.Therefore,it is particularly significant to cut off the transmission routes and take effective measures of environmental disinfection and separation.