cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Right coronary cameral fistula resulting from surgery of double chamber right ventricle.

A 24-year-old woman with a history of surgically repaired aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus was referred to our clinic for symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and palpitation. A series of echocardiograms done at outside facilities suggested a ventricular septal defect with elevated pulmonary artery pressure. In our clinic, physical examination included a palpable right ventricular (RV) lift with a harsh holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border. Electrocardiogram was remarkable for an atrioventricular conduction delay and a rightward axis. Transthoracic echocardiography showed no evidence of ventricular septal defect. However, it revealed a prominent anomalous RV muscle band creating a double chamber RV with a proximal high-pressure chamber and a distal low-pressure chamber. A peak systolic gradient of 64 mm Hg was estimated at the site of obstruction by continuous wave Doppler interrogation. Associated RV dilatation and hypertrophy were noted. Left ventricular size and function were normal (Figure 1 and Movie 1). 1 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed neither residual coarctation nor aneurysmal dilatation at the end-to-end anastomosis site. RV obstruction as a result of the anomalous muscle bundle was delineated (Figure 2 and Movie 2). To prevent progressive RV hypertrophy, the patient underwent surgical resection of the hypertrophied muscle bundle. 2 Postoperatively, there was complete resolution of the RV outflow tract gradient and normal biventricular systolic function on follow-up echocardiogram. In addition, a small coronary cameral fistula with continuous low-velocity flow (diastolic systolic) was documented in the RV (Figure 3 and Movie 3). Presumably, the cause was a disruption of the circle of Vieussens, which is a connection of the conal branch of the right coronary artery and a branch of the left anterior descending artery that supplies the infundibular muscle. During ventriculotomy and resection of the infundibular muscle or anomalous muscle bundle, damage to the precapillary coronary arteriole in the circle of Vieussens may then redirect arterial blood flow either from the left or right coronary artery to the RV chamber. 3 These shunts are typically small and rarely require surgical intervention. In summary, although iatrogenic cause of coronary cameral fistula has been reported in the left ventricle after septal myomectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, we report here a rare case of coronary cameral fistula in the RV after resection of anomalous muscle bundle for double chamber RV. 4
Serotonin Gives Oxytocin a Helping Hand

The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in social behavior and is being evaluated as a possible treatment for autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, but the neural mechanisms through which oxytocin modulates social behavior remain largely unknown. One possibility is that social interaction recruits the brain’s reward circuits and that oxytocin plays a role in this process, which ultimately reinforces social behavior. In a recent study, Dolen et al. elucidate key circuits and mechanisms through which oxytocin can modulate social behavior via actions on the nucleus accumbems, a key component of the brain’s reward circuitry. Dolen et al. studied social conditioned place preference (social CPP), in which mice prefer to spend time in a chamber that was previously associated with social interaction instead of in a chamber previously associated with social isolation. This task measures the rewarding effects of social interactions. Dolen et al. found that ablating presynaptic oxytocin receptors specifically on projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the nucleus accumbens is sufficient to eliminate this preference. They carried out additional experiments suggesting that oxytocin acts by increasing serotonin release from dorsal raphe projections to the nucleus accumbens and that serotonin acts on 5-HT1B receptors in the nucleus accumbens to cause long-term depression of excitatory synapses. Indeed, they found that activating 5-HT1B receptors in the nucleus accumbens is itself sufficient to impair social CPP. Intriguingly, 5-HT1B receptors have previously been implicated in social behaviors and autism. These studies pinpoint a specific synapse on which oxytocin can act to modulate social behavior in mice and suggest that serotonin mediates key actions of oxytocin on reward circuits. Now that this system has been uncovered, future studies should explore both its inputs, by elucidating how oxytocin release in the nucleus accumbens is regulated, and its outputs, by studying how long-term depression of specific excitatory synapses alters the flow of information into the nucleus accumbens. Working out exactly how oxytocin elicits serotonin release and long-term depression may also reveal specific molecular mechanisms that are dysfunctional in autism and related conditions. G. Dolen et al. , Social reward requires coordinated activity of nucleus accumbens oxytocin and serotonin. Nature 501 , 179–184 (2013). [[Asbtract]][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025838
Plasma sex steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

ate relative risk [RR] = 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06‐3.46), estrone (multivariate RR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.05‐3.65), estrone sulfate (multivariate RR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.23‐ 4.12), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (multivariate RR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.11‐4.17). We found no substantial associations with percent free or percent bioavailable estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, or dehydroepiandrosterone. The positive relationships were substantially stronger among women with no previous hormone replacement therapy. Conclusion: Our data, in conjunction with past epidemiologic and animal studies, provide strong evidence for a causal relationship between postmenopausal estrogen levels and the risk of breast cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90: 1292‐9]
Tolerances and Uncertainties Versus Magnetic Performance in MECO Magnet System

MECO, the muon-to-electron conversion experiment, requires a total of 96 superconducting solenoids designed for construction by industry and assembly into 4 separate cryostats following completion of final design. The magnet system has a 12 times 26 m installation footprint. The objective of the tolerances and uncertainties sensitivity studies was to demonstrate the feasibility of building a MECO magnet system around the conceptual design that meets the performance requirements in the presence of expected material property variances, realistic manufacturing tolerances, and manufacturing and design uncertainties. The study also presents a method for minimizing manufacturing costs by setting adequate tolerances and using the most appropriate manufacturing and assembly procedures. Monte-Carlo magnetic modeling was used to introduce field errors from various possible deviations of the structure from the nominal design, and correlate them with the field performance. The conclusion from the study is that the design is robust. Field requirements are met in the presence of material property uncertainties and modest machining and assembly tolerances. This implies that the project may be able to accept field quality risk and ask the fabricator to accept only the responsibility for placing the coils with correct turn counts in their warm positions at reasonable tolerances
Polymer Microrings Integrated with Thin Film InGaAs MSM Photodetectors for Sensor-On-a-Chip Applications

A polymer microring has been integrated with an InGaAs photodetector on a Si substrate for chip scale sensing applications. The photocurrent as a function of wavelength agrees well with the spectral response of the microring. This integration of a microring and photodetector onto Si is a first step toward the next generation of "sensor-on-a-chip" integrated systems
L-diversity: Privacy beyond k-anonymity

Publishing data about individuals without revealing sensitive information about them is an important problem. In recent years, a new definition of privacy called k-anonymity has gained popularity. In a k-anonymized dataset, each record is indistinguishable from at least k − 1 other records with respect to certain identifying attributes.In this article, we show using two simple attacks that a k-anonymized dataset has some subtle but severe privacy problems. First, an attacker can discover the values of sensitive attributes when there is little diversity in those sensitive attributes. This is a known problem. Second, attackers often have background knowledge, and we show that k-anonymity does not guarantee privacy against attackers using background knowledge. We give a detailed analysis of these two attacks, and we propose a novel and powerful privacy criterion called e-diversity that can defend against such attacks. In addition to building a formal foundation for e-diversity, we show in an experimental evaluation that e-diversity is practical and can be implemented efficiently.
Family Differences in Semen Quality in One Strain of White Plymouth Rocks

Abstract INTRODUCTION IT HAS BEEN shown by Parker et al. (1942), Allen and Champion (1955), Taneja and Gowe (1961a,b), and McDaniel and Craig (1962) that breeds of chickens differ for semen characteristics and fertilizing ability. It was reported by Williams and McGibbon (1956a,b), and DeSilva (1963) that inbred lines also differ in these respects. A review of the literature reveals a lack of information concerning family differences within a breed. Lorenz and Lerner (1946) have shown that there is a significant difference between families on age at sexual maturity in males. Jones and Lamoreux (1942) have shown that by selecting within White Leghorn strains for high and low fecundity, the volume of semen produced was also changed. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty White Plymouth Rock males consisting of three families, with 7, 7, and 6 full brothers, were used in the study each of two years. Since the same families were not . . .
Risk Screening for ADHD in a College Population: Is There a Relationship With Academic Performance?

Objective:The present study examines the relationship between self-reported levels of ADHD and academic outcomes, as well as aptitude. Method: A total of 523 college students took the Adult Self-Re...
TGIF: An Ancient Game Inspired Framework for Chromosome Representations

A chromosome representation framework based on an ancient game, Tracing a Ghost’s Illusive Footprints (TGIF), is proposed for solving search problems that involve permutation or general ordering and mapping. The initial concept was tested on a permutation problem and a variant of the concept was applied successfully to solve deceptive problems for Genetic Algorithms (GAs).
A new U.U.T./Test station interface

This modular interface system was designed specifically for a combination of LRU and SRU testing. Many of the advantages include ease of manufacture, long life, simplified field maintenance, proven high reliability, and a substantial reduction in signal degra dation due to excessive lengths of interface cabling. Furthermore, the (ITA) adapter com plexity, and weight, are minimized.
The Development of Spelling Knowledge and Its Role in Reading Acquisition and Reading Disability

In contrast to the hypothesis that dyslexics possess phonological deficits that are neurological in origin, I suggest that the source of the deficit is primarily experiential-that dyslexics exhibit phonological deficits because they have not learned to read and spell in a way that develops their spelling knowledge so that it penetrates and comes to symbolize their phonological knowledge. Evidence from normal reading and spelling development as well as from comparisons of dyslexic and nondyslexic readers is offered to support this thesis.
Absence of oligodendroglial glucosylceramide synthesis does not result in CNS myelin abnormalities or alter the dysmyelinating phenotype of CGT‐deficient mice

To examine the function of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), mice were generated that lack oligodendroglial expression of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (encoded by Ugcg). These mice (Ugcgflox/flox;Cnp/Cre) did not show any apparent clinical phenotype, their total brain and myelin extracts had normal GSL content, including ganglioside composition, and myelin abnormalities were not detected in their CNS. These data indicate that the elimination of gangliosides from oligodendrocytes is not detrimental to myelination. These mice were also used to asses the potential compensatory effect of hydroxyl fatty acid glucosylceramide (HFA-GlcCer) accumulation in UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (encoded by Cgt, also known as Ugt8a) deficient mice. At postnatal day 18, the phenotypic characteristics of the Ugcgflox/flox;Cnp/Cre;Cgt−/− mutants, including the degree of hypomyelination, were surprisingly similar to that of Cgt−/− mice, suggesting that the accumulation of HFA-GlcCer in Cgt−/− mice does not modify their phenotype. These studies demonstrate that abundant, structurally intact myelin can form in the absence of glycolipids, which normally represent over 20% of the dry weight of myelin. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fault tolerance of magnetic bearings by generalized bias current linearization

The mathematical basis for bias linearization of quadratic magnetic actuators, as typified by magnetic bearings, is developed. The approach generalizes prior ad hoc methods of linearizing the relationship between actuator force and electromagnet current, obviating the earlier assumptions of stator symmetry. This relationship is fundamentally quadratic in the regime where the magnetic material is unsaturated and flux is essentially proportional to magnet current. Growing from the properties of a fundamental representation for the current-force relationships in magnetic bearings, conditions are determined under which linearization may be possible. A numerical optimization problem is posed whose solution provides a linearization scheme which maximizes the available force capacity of the actuator. A corollary result is a method for obtaining coil-fault tolerance in magnetic bearings without adding coils to existing actuators. Several paper examples are presented to illustrate linearization of asymmetric actuators, actuators with failed coils, and force/moment actuators. >
Susceptibility of canine, feline and human erythrocytes to oxidant-mediated injury.

Summary The relative susceptibilities of feline, canine and human erythrocytes to in vitro hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation and hemolysis were studied. At 15 minutes following exposure to hydrogen peroxide, cat erythrocytes had higher concentrations of lipid peroxidation by-products and a greater percent hemolysis as compared to dogs and humans. Erythrocytes from cats with induced sterile abscesses had lower concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione, but they did not have detectable concentrations of lipid peroxides nor were they more susceptible to in vitro lipid peroxidation or hemolysis.
Possible modes of coral-reef development at Molokai, Hawaii, inferred from seismic-reflection profiling

High-resolution, seismic-reflection data elucidate the late Quaternary development of the largest coral-reef complex in the main Hawaiian Islands. Six acoustic facies were identified from reflection characteristics and lithosome geometry. An extensive, buried platform with uniformly low relief was traced beneath fore-reef and marginal shelf environments. This highly reflective surface dips gently seaward to ~130 m depth and locally crops out on the seafloor. It probably represents a wave-cut platform or ancient reef flat. We propose alternative evolutionary models, in which sea-level changes have modulated the development of reef systems, to explain the observed stratigraphic relationships. The primary difference between the models is the origin of the underlying antecedent surface, which arguably could have formed during either regression/lowstand or subsequent transgression.
Resident Contact With Family and Friends Following Nursing Home Admission

Purpose: This study explored factors that are related to the level of contact (number of visits and calls) between newly admitted nursing home residents and their family and friends. In addition to reexamining factors studied previously, several new factors were explored: contact level prior to nursing home placement, dementia status, and resident race. Design and Methods: Interviews were conducted with the significant others of 1,441 residents from a representative sample of nursing homes in Maryland. Results: Contact decreased by approximately half following admission, compared to reported preadmission contact. Rates of contact are positively related to nonuse of Medicaid, kinship closeness, support network proximity, nondemented status, and White race. After controlling for preadmission contact, postadmission contact is positively associated with kinship closeness, support network proximity, nondemented status, and White race. Implications: The study identifies factors that are useful to consider when designing interventions to increase family involvement with nursing home residents.
Prolonged exposure to acid and bile induces chromosome abnormalities that precede malignant transformation of benign Barrett’s epithelium

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an asymptomatic, pre-malignant condition of the esophagus that can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). BE arises typically in individuals with long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The neoplastic progression of BE has been extensively studied histologically and defined as a metaplasia- dyplasia- carcinoma sequence. However the genetic basis of this process is poorly understood. It is conceived that preclinical models of BE may facilitate discovery of molecular markers due to ease of longitudinal sampling. Clinical markers to stratify the patients at higher risk are vital to institute appropriate therapeutic intervention since EAC has very poor prognosis. We developed a dynamic in-vitro BE carcinogenesis (BEC) model by exposing naive Barrett’s epithelium cell line (BAR-T) to acid and bile at pH4 (B4), 5min/day for a year. The BEC model acquired malignant characteristics after chronic repeated exposure to B4 similar to the sequential progression of BE to EAC in vivo. To study cytogenetic changes during progressive transformation in the BEC model. We observed that the BAR-T cells progressively acquired several chromosomal abnormalities in the BEC model. Evidence of chromosomal loss (-Y) rearrangements [t(10;16) and dup (11q)] and clonal selection appeared during the early stages of the BEC model. Clonal selection resulted in a stabilized monoclonal population of cells that had a changed morphology and formed colony in soft agar. BAR-T cells grown in parallel without any exposure did not show any of these abnormalities. Prolonged acid and bile exposure induced chromosomal aberrations and clonal selection in benign BAR-T cells. Since aneuploidy preceded morphological/dysplastic changes in the BEC model, chromosomal aberrations may be an early predictor of BE progression. The [t(10;16) and dup(11q)] aberrations identified in this study harbor several genes associated with cancer and may be responsible for neoplastic behavior of cells. After further validation, in-vivo, they may be clinically useful for diagnosis of BE, progressing to dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Upper airway resistance syndrome--one decade later.

Purpose of reviewThe term upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) was coined to describe a group of patients who did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of obstructive apnea–hypopnea syndrome and thus were left untreated. Today, most of the patients with UARS remain undiagnosed and are left untreate
Loss of Jagged1 in renin progenitors leads to focal kidney fibrosis.

The Notch signaling pathway is required to maintain renin expression within juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. However, the specific ligand which activates Notch signaling in renin-expressing cells remains undefined. In this study, we found that among all Notch ligands, Jagged1 is differentially expressed in renin cells with higher expression during neonatal life. We therefore hypothesized that Jagged1 was involved in renin expression and/or vascular integrity. We used a conditional knockout approach to delete Jagged1 in cells of the renin lineage. Deletion of Jagged1 specifically within renin cells did not result in decreased renin production within the kidney. However, animals with conditional deletion of Jagged1 did develop focal kidney fibrosis and elevated blood urea nitrogen. Our data demonstrate that Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling is dispensable in renin cells of the kidney in regard to renin expression. However, deletion of Jagged1 in renin cells descendants affects perivascular–interstitial integrity leading to focal fibrosis and diminished renal function.
A MIMO zero forcing receiver with interference cancellation for BICM

In this paper, we propose a soft interference cancellation (SIC) based log-likelihood receiver for multiple-input multiple-output BICM systems. The technique is based on a zero forcing receiver with successive elimination of highly reliable components using soft estimates and a compensation term to limit the error propagation due to incorrect decisions. The implementation has a lower complexity than traditional zero forcing receivers and eliminates the problem of noise enhancement.
Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii Synthesizes De Novo Four Homologs of Ubiquinone

Abstract Ubiquinone, coenzyme Q, plays a pivotal role in electron transport and is a target for chemotherapy against a number of eukaryotic infectious agents, including Pneumocystis carinii. Coenzyme Q10 was previously identified as the major ubiquinone homolog in P. carinii isolated and purified from rat lungs; CoQ9 was also present. In contrast, CoQ9 and CoQ8 (but not CoQ10) were detected in the lungs of uninfected rat controls. These observations suggested that the pathogen synthesizes CoQ10, and perhaps CoQ9 as well. In the present study, CoQ biosynthesis in P. carinii was examined in greater detail. Radiolabeled mevalonate, a precursor of the CoQ polyprenyl chain, was incorporated in vitro into P. carinii ubiquinones. Incorporation of radiolabeled mevalonate into P. carinii CoQ was not enhanced by treating cells with lovastatin, suggesting that the cells did not transport the drug, or that a lovastatin- insensitive pathway for de novo synthesis of isoprenoids may also function in this organism. Radio...
Disproportionately higher levels of myocardial docosahexaenoate and elevated levels of plasma and liver arachidonate in hyperthyroid rats

The effects of hyperthyroidism on the metabolism and distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats were investigated. The animals were fed diets containing an equal amount (1% each) of linoleate and linolenate. Although the hepatic and plasma levels of the linolenate family of acids were not greatly affected by the hyperthyroidism, the heart of the hyperthyroid rat contained 425% more docosahexaenoate than did that of its euthyroid control. The hyperthyroidism was accompanied by accumulations of 85, 105, and 114% more arachidonic acid in the heart, plasma, and liver, re- spectively. Nevertheless, most of the total increases in plasma and liver fatty acids were due to the greater accumulations of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids; the hepatic level of oleate was elevated by 204%. Hyperthyroid rats had 106% more total fatty acids in their hearts, this increase being due largely to the greater accumulation of polyunsaturated acids. The thyroid hormone appears to accelerate the biosynthesis of both arachidonate and docosahexaenoate, and these endog- enous polyunsaturated acids are then selectively incorporated into the cardiovascular tissues. Other possible relationships between thyroid action and tissue polyenoic acids in "cold- stressed" animals are discussed.
Quasi-dynamic models of simple earthquakes: Application to an aftershock of the 1975 Oroville, California, earthquake

A class of kinematic rupture models for simple earthquakes is proposed; these models incorporate results from both theoretical and numerical solutions to the mixed boundary value problem of a three-dimensional frictional rupture. The analytic form for the slip velocity is divided into two phases: the rupture growth, during which the slip distribution is “self-similar” (Kostrov, 1964); and the healing, during which the slip velocity decreases monotonically to zero. The arrival of a P -wave stopping phase, propagating into the interior of the rupture area from the fault perimeter, initiates the healing. The duration of healing may be varied to produce a gradual or abrupt stopping of the rupture, which permits modeling a wide range of high-frequency spectral behavior. These models are used to generate synthetics which are fit to the velocity and the velocity-squared pulse shapes obtained from strong motion accelerograms of the 0103 aftershock of the 1975 Oroville, California, earthquake. The aftershock ( ML = 4.6) has a moment of 1.8 × 1023 dyne-cm and a total radiated energy of 2.7 × 1019 dyne-cm. The fitted source model propagates updip with a rupture velocity of 0.85 β and a dynamic stress drop of 210 bars. The arrival times of five “stopping phases”, correlated across the suite of accelerograms, are used to determine the relative locations of the hypocenter and five stopping events. The description of rupture determined from these stopping events both corroborates the source model obtained from the waveform modeling and establishes an important counterpoint to the model by providing a dynamic interpretation of the unmodeled complexity of the waveforms.
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and nitroarginine potentiate pressor responsiveness of vasoconstrictors in conscious rats

NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA) and nitroarginine have been reported to be competitive inhibitors of the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). In chronically instrumented conscio...
Laser Ablation: Beam Wavelength Optimization and Communication through Plasma

Laser ablation involves heating, evaporation of target material and ionization of vapor to form plasma plume surrounding the ablation spot. A self consistent model, that combines target heating, evaporation, ionization, shielding and expansion of plume, is employed to obtain ablation parameters. The results showed good agreement with experiments. For a given laser energy fluence and target material, major parameters of interest are depth of ablation and plasma shielding. These parameters are highly influenced by beam wavelength. A numerical study is carried out to obtain the optimum laser wavelength that maximizes the depth of ablation for three materials Al, Cu and Ti. Plasma prevents radio communication during testing of laser based directed energy systems. Possible mitigation approach using electrostatic sheath is analyzed. The influence of laser fluence, target material and background pressure on sheath characteristics is presented.
Great Expectations: Mission Preservation and Financial Performance in Impact Investing

Over the past decade, limited partners have increased capital allocations to socially driven private equity funds with the goal to generate long-term impact alongside financial returns. To understand funds' abilities to meet these goals, we gather detailed mission and financial data from 53 impact investing private equity funds, representing 557 individual investments. In our sample we find that while fund managers are overwhelmingly optimistic about mission preservation, few exits have any contractual statements about preserving mission. Regarding financial performance, our set of market-rate-seeking funds achieved gross results comparable to non-impact investment options along a broad range of measures, suggesting it is possible to generate market returns as an impact fund.
CT Findings of Cervical Lymphangioma in Children

Objective:To discuss the CT features of cervical lymphangioma(CL) in children.Methods: 23 cases with CL were reviewed and analyzed.All of them were proved by surgical operation or pathology.Results: Typical CT findings of CL in children included: cystic mass with smooth margins,uniformed density,thin walls,minimal rim enhancement and lack of enhancement in cystic spaces. Linear separations were seen in multiple cystic lesions,and with fluid-fluid levels if hemorrhage was associated.Conclusion: Characteristic CT findings in children CL were shown in this study.
Heat transfer modeling for bio-heat recovery

Harvesting heat from the skin surface of humans or homoeothermic animals will provide a great opportunity for implementing wireless communication sensors and/or monitoring devices without the use of batteries. One of the bio-energy harvesting approaches, the thermoelectric generator is a promising candidate for converting the temperature difference between the body skin and the ambient air into electricity. Due to the surface curvature of the human body, a mechanically flexible and thin generator module is desired. Thus, we propose and investigate a new concept which is a woven fabric thermoelectric module made from weaving together thermoelectric strings which have a repeating [p-type - metal - n-type - metal] (p=m=n=m) pattern with Bismuth-Telluride (Bi2Te3) and insulation yarn. This paper reports the performance and cost estimation of the module compared with a conventional (π-structure) module that consists of a polymer based thermoelectric material, e.g., PEDOT-PSS. Heat Transfer through the thermoelectric element is not only the key to optimizing the module design for maximum power output but is also the series that spreads thermal resistances in laminate films, the parallel thermal path through the gap fill media, and the external heat sink thermal resistances. According to a previously developed generic model, the performance and cost per power production of the woven thermoelectric module is calculated and compared with that of a conventional polymer based module. The woven generator has been found to be able to produce power output that is nearly double that of the conventional polymer one. As a power generator system, the cold side heat sink can be designed to enhance the power output by extending the surface area. As one of the surface extensions, a pin-fin heat transfer is the most promising for the flexible thermoelectric generator module, but it has been found to produce a rather less encouraging enhancement except for a relatively longer pinfin of more than 1 cm.
Abstract 4940: Use of whole slide digital image analysis for determination of expression of Twist-1 in normal panceata and stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas

Pancreatic cancer is the 4th most common cause of cancer deaths in this country. Close to 50,000 deaths occur every year. This is due to the fact that most patients are not diagnosed until presentation at a stage IV. In a recent study, it is estimated that more than 10 years go by between the first genetic mutation and the formation of invasive cancer. More mutations occur in metastatic lesions after an additional 6 years. Both SNAIL and TWIST have gained more attention as biomarkers because that contribute to E-cadherin dysregulation that allows the tumor cells to invade. In this study we evaluated 17 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using twist-1 antibody to evaluate tumor cell expression in these cases. All paraffin blocks were retrieved from the IU pathology department files via an IRB approved protocol. The unstained slides were stained with primary antibody Twist-1 using the DAKO Flex system. Control sections were treated with an isotype control using the same concentration as primary antibody to verify the staining specificity. The Aperio whole slide system was used to image the slides. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of digital images was carried out using the Aperio Image scope software using the positive pixel algorithm. The algorithm was used to quantify the Twist-1 positivity of normal pancreas, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This algorithm is the only FDA approved algorithm for human clinical trials. The immunostaining of Twist-1 was found only in the ductal epithelial carcinoma cells in the pancreas. There was no staining in the stroma in any of the normal pancreas and ductal pancreatic carcinoma cases. We analyzed 5 normal pancreata, and 12 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. The data from the image analysis was 3.38% expression in normal pancreata and 11.44% expression in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In summary, the image analysis data demonstrates the overexpression of Twist-1 in stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinomas compared to the normal pancreas. This suggests that this marker may be a predictor of tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Citation Format: Max Jacobsen, George Sandusky, Kavita Shah. Use of whole slide digital image analysis for determination of expression of Twist-1 in normal panceata and stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4940.
Iran's Nuclear Program and International Law: From Confrontation to Accord, Chapter 7

This is Chapter 7 of the book Iran’s Nuclear Program and International Law: From Confrontation to Accord (Oxford University Press, 2016). Chapter 7 is entitled: “The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and Developments Since July 2015”
New Routes for the Production of Fission Products and Their Separation from the Source Material for the Development of Realistic Nuclear Forensic Debris

In order to fully characterize the NIF neutron spectrum, SAND-II-SNL software was requested/received from the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. The software is designed to determine the neutron energy spectrum through analysis of experimental activation data. However, given that the source code was developed in Sparcstation 10, it is not compatible with current version of FORTRAN. Accounts have been established through the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s High Performance Computing in order to access different compiles for FORTRAN (e.g. pgf77, pgf90). Additionally, several of the subroutines included in the SAND-II-SNL package have required debugging efforts to allow for proper compiling of the code.
Identification of Surface-Exposed Protein Radicals and A Substrate Oxidation Site in A-Class Dye-Decolorizing Peroxidase from Thermomonospora curvata.

Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) are a family of heme peroxidases in which a catalytic distal aspartate is involved in H2O2 activation to catalyze oxidations under acidic conditions. They have received much attention due to their potential applications in lignin compound degradation and biofuel production from biomass. However, the mode of oxidation in bacterial DyPs remains unknown. We have recently reported that the bacterial TcDyP from Thermomonospora curvata is among the most active DyPs and shows activity toward phenolic lignin model compounds. On the basis of the X-ray crystal structure solved at 1.75 A, sigmoidal steady-state kinetics with Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), and formation of compound II like product in the absence of reducing substrates observed with stopped-flow spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we hypothesized that the TcDyP catalyzes oxidation of large-size substrates via multiple surface-exposed protein radicals. Among 7 tryptophans and 3 tyrosines in TcDyP consis...
Training Student Equity Analysts and Utilizing Their Recommendations in Active Portfolio Management

Student investment funds are currently in operation globally at many large business schools and even small liberal arts colleges. Their management follows a wide variety of processes, from unsupervised to highly professional. While all investment managers labor to deliver alpha in a diversified portfolio, there are additional challenges to implementing a fully professional approach within a university setting, the largest being the constraint on time due to the school curriculum. This paper explores whether it is realistic to expect value-added from student analysts, and what training and infrastructure are required to increase the odds of successful active portfolio management inside an educational institution. The key goal of a student fund is education, not investment performance, but the more professional the investment operation, the more enlightened will be its graduates. A case study of one ten-year-old student fund illustrates a unique approach which seeks to successfully address these challenges. The fund’s management is formally integrated within a graduate finance program and has generated over 200 basis points of alpha per annum.
The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling

Marketing, consumer, and organizational behavior researchers interested in studying the mechanisms by which effects operate and the conditions that enhance or inhibit such effects often rely on sta...
Factors Affecting the Levels of Heavy Metals in Juices Processed with Filter Aids

This study investigated factors that may contribute to the presence of arsenic and other heavy metals in apple and grape juices processed with filter aids. Different types and grades of filter aids were analyzed for arsenic, lead, and cadmium with inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Potential factors affecting the transfer of heavy metals to juices during filtration treatments were evaluated. Effects of washing treatments on removal of heavy metals from filter aids were also determined. Results showed that diatomaceous earth (DE) generally contained a higher level of arsenic than perlite, whereas perlite had a higher lead content than DE. Cellulose contained the lowest level of arsenic among the surveyed filter aids. All samples of food-grade filter aids contained arsenic and lead levels that were below the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary limits of 10 ppm of total leachable arsenic and lead for food-grade DE filter aids. Two samples of arsenic-rich (>3 ppm) food-grade filter aids raised the level of arsenic in apple and grape juices during laboratory-scale filtration treatments, whereas three samples of low-arsenic (<1 ppm) food-grade filter aids did not affect arsenic levels in filtered juices. Filtration tests with simulated juices (pH 2.9 to 4.1, Brix [°Bx] 8.2 to 18.1, total suspended solids [TSS] 0.1 to 0.5%) showed that pH or sugar content had no effect on arsenic levels of filtered juices, whereas arsenic content of filtered juice was elevated when higher amounts of filter aid were used for filtration. Authentic unfiltered apple juice (pH 3.6, °Bx 12.9, TSS 0.4%) and grape juice (pH 3.3, °Bx 16.2, TSS 0.05%) were used to verify results obtained with simulated juices. However, body feed ratio did not affect the arsenic content of filtered authentic juices. Washing treatments were effective at reducing arsenic, but not cadmium or lead, concentrations in a DE filter aid. This study identified ways to reduce the amount of arsenic transferred to juices during filtration.
Toxicity of oil and dispersant on the deep water gorgonian octocoral Swiftia exserta, with implications for the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Abstract Benthic surveys of mesophotic reefs in the Gulf of Mexico post Deepwater Horizon (DWH) showed that Swiftia exserta octocorals exhibited significantly more injury than in years before the spill. To determine the vulnerability of S. exserta to oil and dispersants, 96 h toxicity assays of surrogate DWH oil water-accommodated fractions (WAF), Corexit® 9500 dispersant, and the combination of both (CEWAF) were conducted in the laboratory. Fragment mortality occurred within 48 h for some fragments in the dispersant-alone and oil-dispersant treatments, while the WAF group remained relatively unaffected. The 96 h LC 50 values were 70.27 mg/L for Corexit-alone and 41.04 mg/L for Corexit in CEWAF. This study provides new information on octocoral sensitivity to toxins, and indicates that combinations of oil and dispersants are more toxic to octocorals than exposure to oil alone. These results have important implications for the assessment of effects of the DWH spill on deep-water organisms.
Prejudicial Attitudes and Labor Market Outcomes

We explore whether and to what extent differences in prejudicial attitudes can be associated with the variation in Black–White labor market gaps across US metropolitan areas. Prejudicial attitudes are quantified using novel data on racially charged Internet searches. We find that prejudicial attitudes matter for labor market outcomes, but only for workers who are not college graduates. For this group, a racially charged search rate that is one standard deviation higher is associated with a 17 per cent higher unexplained Black–White gap in annual income and 21 per cent higher unexplained hourly wage gap.
Trends in School Social Control in the United States: Explaining Patterns of Decriminalization

For over two decades, American schools across the socioeconomic spectrum pursued policies and practices (e.g. zero tolerance, school-based arrests, and court referrals) labelled the criminalization of school discipline. Since 2011, however, a wave of local, state, and federal reforms resulted in marked declines in exclusionary punishments, curbs on police and court involvement in school discipline, and an expansion of therapeutic and restorative responses to student misbehaviour. Although reforms are often initiated at the local level, they drew support and momentum from the federally led shift towards graduation rates and equitable disciplinary practices as ‘school performance’ criteria and the expansion of health insurance eligibility. In addition, school decriminalization is increasingly seen as a vital means of resisting ‘mass incarceration’. Tying school decriminalization to federal policy priorities limits its long-term prospects.
African Healing and Traditional Healers

The healing practice of traditional healers is described in terms of: concepts of illness and health, the consultative process, diagnosis, treatment(s), and prevention. A traditional healer describes her healing practice. Incidents involving divination and the extraction of evil spirits are described. I offer a comparison between western and African healing approaches, and end with a note about African witchcraft.
Racial Diversity and Task Performance

Previous studies on demographic diversity have yielded inconsistent results with respect to several individual and organizational outcomes. The current study proposes that structural characteristic...
Theory of alignment generators and applications to statistical machine translation

Viterbi Alignment and Decoding are two fundamental search problems in Statistical Machine Translation. Both the problems are known to be NP-hard and therefore, it is unlikely that there exists an optimal polynomial time algorithm for either of these search problems. In this paper we characterize exponentially large subspaces in the solution space of Viterbi Alignment and Decoding. Each of these subspaces admits polynomial time optimal search algorithms. We propose a local search heuristic using a neighbourhood relation on these subspaces. Experimental results show that our algorithms produce better solutions taking substantially less time than the previously known algorithms for these problems.
Walking and Talking with Halmos

Writing about the departed is a far less thorny proposition than dealing with the living. This is especially true when one’s subject has been variously mentor, colleague, collaborator, boss, father confessor, and just plain friend. Was such and such a comment confidential? What about letters? The difficulties are apparent. Nevertheless, against every instinct, I decided to set down something of my long, if lacunary, relationship with Paul Halmos.
The role of FLT3 inhibitors as maintenance therapy following hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Abstract Activating mutations in FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) portend a poor prognosis, and targeting FLT3 with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been an area of intense research recently. Most FLT3 mutated AML patients undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as standard of care but a significant proportion of patients relapse. Although the use of FLT3 inhibitors in the pre-HSCT perspective is more clearly defined, its use in the post-HSCT scenario, when most relapses occur, remains unclear. In this review, we comprehensively present the data on the recent and ongoing studies evaluating the role of various FLT3 inhibitors in AML with a particular focus in the post-HSCT setting.
The "Tate Effect” on the South Bank: Urban Regeneration through the Bankside Urban Forest

ABSTRACT: Opening in 2000, the Tate Modern presented a compelling type of museum building. Housed in a former power station, the industrial character of the original structure was maintained, even celebrated, in the conversion. In addition to providing much needed space for the Tate's growing twentieth-century art collection, the transformation of the building into a museum of modern art was intended to have larger urban implications with the ambitious goal of stimulating regeneration in South Bank, "the Cultural Heart of London.” As a flagship of the South Bank's Millennium Mile and directly linked to St. Paul's Cathedral by the new London Millennium Footbridge, the Tate Modern would infuse culture and money into a depressed part of London. In the decade and a half since the publication of Richard Florida's The Rise of the Creative Class and the opening of the Tate Modern, the role of culture in urban reimaging efforts has been exploited, debated, and problematized. This paper explores select exemplars of the spillover benefits of the Tate Modern's success and positive externalities that produced modest and sometimes ephemeral installations that breathed new life and joy into the South Bank. Considered through the lens of educational reformer and philosopher John Dewey's call to reposition art within the realm of the everyday, the Tate multiplier effect is considerable. In particular, works created within the Bankside Urban Forest framework, a collaboration-driven initiative of Better Bankside Business Improvement District, are foregrounded as remarkable and authentic examples of how a design framework can employ urban heritage, contemporary art and design, and ecological expertise to generate urban improvements at all scales. From these evidences, it is clear that the instrumentality of the museum is rightfully a strategy that should continue in public policy and museological discussions as governments attempt to curate architecture, heritage, and history in urban regeneration initiatives. KEYWORDS: museum, regeneration, multiplier effect, spillover benefits