cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home-Based Interventions Targeting Persons with Dementia: What Is the Evidence and Where Do We Go from Here?

Most persons with dementia live at home either alone or with family members over the course of this long, progressive and terminal condition. With disease progression, most persons will experience a wide range of health and quality of life challenges that remain unaddressed by the health care system. However, common symptoms and concerns such as pain, sleep disturbances, infections, behavioral symptoms, fall risk, home hazards, distressed families, are all amenable to intervention and hence improvement. This chapter provides a systematic review of the extant research on home-based interventions that are designed to improve the quality of life of individuals living with dementia. We evaluate the relative merits and limitations of interventions tested in randomized trials in order to offer suggestions for advancements in this area. Given the long trajectory of dementia and that most persons live and age at home in their communities with this condition, developing, testing and implementing approaches to improving quality of life related outcomes in the home setting is of utmost importance.
Using machine teaching to identify optimal training-set attacks on machine learners

We investigate a problem at the intersection of machine learning and security: training-set attacks on machine learners. In such attacks an attacker contaminates the training data so that a specific learning algorithm would produce a model profitable to the attacker. Understanding training-set attacks is important as more intelligent agents (e.g. spam filters and robots) are equipped with learning capability and can potentially be hacked via data they receive from the environment. This paper identifies the optimal training-set attack on a broad family of machine learners. First we show that optimal training-set attack can be formulated as a bilevel optimization problem. Then we show that for machine learners with certain Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions we can solve the bilevel problem efficiently using gradient methods on an implicit function. As examples, we demonstrate optimal training-set attacks on Support Vector Machines, logistic regression, and linear regression with extensive experiments. Finally, we discuss potential defenses against such attacks.
Development of abamectin loaded plant virus nanoparticles for efficacious plant parasitic nematode control.

Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the world’s major agricultural pests, causing in excess of $157 billion in worldwide crop damage annually. Abamectin (Abm) is a biological pesticide with a strong activity against a wide variety of plant parasitic nematodes. However, Abm’s poor mobility in the soil compromises its nematicide performance because of the limited zone of protection surrounding the growing root system of the plant. In this study, we manipulated Abm’s soil physical chemistry by encapsulating Abm within the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) to produce a plant virus nanoparticle (PVN) delivery system for Abm. The transmission electron microscopic and dynamic light scattering characterization of Abm-loaded PVN (PVNAbm) indicated the resultant viral capsid integrity and morphology comparable to native RCNMV. In addition, the PVNAbm significantly increased Abm’s soil mobility while enabling a controlled release strategy for Abm’s bioavailability to nematodes. As a result, PVNAbm enlarged t...
Red Tourist Attractions Tourist Satisfaction Research

Chinese famous scenic spots in the red for the study explored the red tourist attractions tourist satisfaction and overall satisfaction evaluation factors,and would re-visit the relationship between willingness to recommend.By factor analysis,extracted five red tourist attractions tourist satisfaction evaluation factors-area educational,scenic experience of,the charm of the area,service area,scenic environment.Analysis showed that in addition to gender,income level,the age,educational level,occupation demographic variables,the red tourist attractions tourists′ satisfaction,there was significant difference,multiple regression analysis demonstrated five factors and overall satisfaction and there was a clear positive correlation between the relationship,in addition to scenic experience of the outside of the four factors and willingness to revisit and recommendation would also exist between the significant positive correlation.
What Is Carbon Dioxide? When Is Carbon Dioxide?

In this article, I focus on carbon capture and storage (CCS), a controversial climate change mitigation technology that operates by collecting carbon dioxide from point sources and depositing it in underground locations, such as depleting oil reservoirs. Specifically, I investigate the ways in which certain CCS professionals imagine and demand a reconceptualization of carbon dioxide: not as waste or as dangerous material that should be taxed and exchanged in carbon markets, but as a neutral gas that can be bought and sold as a commodity, and perhaps used as a drilling additive for the oil and gas industry. CCS professionals suggest that carbon dioxide has multiple legal, political, and chemical meanings and existences across different points on a CCS network, and they acknowledge how this condition makes it difficult to produce the molecule as a commodity characterized by exchange and commensurability. In studying the commodification of carbon dioxide, I show how these professionals do not intend to create “sameness” across the market, but instead wish to commodify the molecule through “linking” various versions of carbon dioxide together. By tracking carbon dioxide as it moves within a CCS network, I explore the moral logics of CCS technologies, which obscure how energy-intensive models of life triggered climate change in the first place.
Liposomal microencapsulation using the conventional methods and novel supercritical fluid processes

Abstract Background Liposomes are spherical phospholipid vesicles with the capability of versatile microencapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Organic solvent residue has always been a concern in conventional methods of liposome generation. Scope and approach Dense gas techniques using supercritical carbon dioxide as the phospholipid-dissolving agent can provide a green solution for reduction or avoidance of organic solvent use. Key findings and conclusions In this review, conventional and dense gas processes of liposomal microencapsulation are evaluated. Comprehensively understanding the current progress of supercritical fluid techniques for liposomal microencapsulation will be helpful for development of a non-toxic continuous process of this application in the food and related industries.
The geometry of plasticity-induced sensitization in isoinhibitory rate motifs

A well-known phenomenon in sensory perception is desensitization, wherein behavioral responses to persistent stimuli become attenuated over time. In this letter, our focus is on studying mechanisms through which desensitization may be mediated at the network level and, specifically, how sensitivity changes arise as a function of long-term plasticity. Our principal object of study is a generic isoinhibitory motif: a small excitatory-inhibitory network with recurrent inhibition. Such a motif is of interest due to its overrepresentation in laminar sensory network architectures. Here, we introduce a sensitivity analysis derived from control theory in which we characterize the fixed-energy reachable set of the motif. This set describes the regions of the phase-space that are more easily in terms of stimulus energy accessed, thus providing a holistic assessment of sensitivity. We specifically focus on how the geometry of this set changes due to repetitive application of a persistent stimulus. We find that for certain motif dynamics, this geometry contracts along the stimulus orientation while expanding in orthogonal directions. In other words, the motif not only desensitizes to the persistent input, but heightens its responsiveness sensitizes to those that are orthogonal. We develop a perturbation analysis that links this sensitization to both plasticity-induced changes in synaptic weights and the intrinsic dynamics of the network, highlighting that the effect is not purely due to weight-dependent disinhibition. Instead, this effect depends on the relative neuronal time constants and the consequent stimulus-induced drift that arises in the motif phase-space. For tightly distributed but random parameter ranges, sensitization is quite generic and manifests in larger recurrent E-I networks within which the motif is embedded.
On the Formalization of Fourier Transform in Higher-order Logic

Fourier transform based techniques are widely used for solving differential equations and to perform the frequency response analysis of signals in many safety-critical systems. To perform the formal analysis of these systems, we present a formalization of Fourier transform using higher-order logic. In particular, we use the HOL-Light’s differential, integral, transcendental and topological theories of multivariable calculus to formally define Fourier transform and reason about the correctness of its classical properties, such as existence, linearity, frequency shifting, modulation, time reversal and differentiation in time-domain. In order to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed formalization, we use it to formally verify the frequency response of an automobile suspension system.
Anogenital Squamous Carcinoma

The squamous cancers of the anus and genitalia in both men and women are clearly related, in large part, to sexually transmitted infections with human papillomaviruses. Human papillomaviruses are transmitted by anal as well as vaginal intercourse and do cause squamous carcinomas of the anus. Smoking and medical causes of immunosuppression are additional factors thought to increase risk. These squamous malignancies occur with the same frequency in Los Angeles County as in other regions of the country, and, except for anal carcinomas, are roughly twice as common in women as in men. Among both men and women, incidence rates begin to increase in middle age. Asian-Americans are at lower risk than those of other ethnicities, whereas whites and Latinas are at generally higher risk. The census tracts at high risk for women show no systematic geographical pattern. For men, however, the clusters of high-risk male census tracts in Long Beach and West Hollywood probably reflect the higher frequency of anal intercourse.
Shear Locking, Aspect Ratio Stiffening, and Qualitative Errors

Purpose of Lesson To demonstrate the source of the modeling deficiency known as shear locking, to show that aspect ratio stiffening is caused by an analogous mechanism, and to demonstrate the presence of a qualitative error in laminated plate elements.
Contar el juego. Literatura y deporte en la Argentina

Argentine sport journalist and soccer fiction writer and expert Ariel Scher (Futbol, pasion de multitudes y de elites, La patria deportista, La pasion segun Valdano, Wing izquierdo, el Enamorado, F...
Responses of mammals to habitat edges: an overview

Life generates discontinuites (boundaries) in the distribution of matter and energy. One class of these constitutes the edges between habitat-types; these are fundamental structures in landscape functioning, and hence are of central importance in conservation biology. The symposium on which this series of papers is based focused on the responses of mammals to habitat edges. A diversity of views are represented, and a variety of edge related behaviors illustrated. A survey of general ecology texts dating back to 1933 demonstrates a decline of interest in ecotones and edge effects extending into the 1980's but showing a resurgence of interest in the 1990's. Habitat edges are defined operationally with respect to particular focal species leading to a number of important corollary features. The variety of phenomena subsumed under ‘edge effects’ is emphasized, and an initial attempt at classification is proposed based primarily on the presence or absence of emergent properties in edge response behaviors (matrix vs. ecotonal effects). This scheme provides for clear null hypotheses needed to distinguish the two types, enlightens mechanistic explanations of edge effects, and encourages predictions about the results of untested management schemes or other novel situations. The use and design of landscape corridors are tied to edge related behaviors. A functional and general definition of corridors is urged, so that their effectiveness can be judged with respect to specified attributes rather than to a general collection of things that might be termed corridors. Linear habitat patches are specifically excluded from the definition. Studies on small mammals have contributed to our understanding of the potential role of corridors in metapopulation dynamics. Fine versus coarse grained perceptions of environment by different species will generate ecotonal edge effects such as spillover predation. In general, the effects on landscape processes of various species operating on different spatial scales seems a fruitful direction for future research.
Natural Hybridization of Lepisosteids: Implications for Managing the Alligator Gar

AbstractThe Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula has become a focal species of management and conservation due to declining populations and growing popularity among anglers. The Alligator Gar is sympatric with the Longnose Gar Lepisosteus osseus and Spotted Gar L. oculatus throughout much of its range, providing the potential for hybridization that can complicate conservation efforts. Hybridization between gars has been documented in captivity; however, natural (i.e., wild) hybridization has not been formally assessed. Population sampling and genetic analyses of Alligator Gars in Texas provided an opportunity to examine hybridization among gars and to assess the potential implications for Alligator Gar management. Specifically, we (1) developed markers to distinguish lepisosteid species and their hybrids, (2) characterized hybridization between species, and (3) assessed our ability to differentiate hybrids from parent species via field evaluation of snout morphology. Fin tissue samples from Alligator Gars a...
Endoscopic full-thickness resection using suture loop needle-T-tag tissue anchors in the porcine stomach (with video)

Background and Aims Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is still challenging, and a reliable technique is desirable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of controlled EFTR using a pseudopolyp made from suture loop needle T-tag (SLNT) tissue anchors in ex vivo porcine stomachs. Methods Five pig stomachs were used. Two concentric circumferential border mucosal incisions were made to facilitate isolating a target lesion for full-thickness excision and pseudopolyp formation. SLNT tissue anchors were placed with a fishing line around the edges of the larger outer incision by endoscopic suturing. A suture pulley was created in the center of the targeted area and brought outside for traction. A large inverted pseudopolyp of the targeted lesion was made, visualizing apposing serosa with traction on the suture pulley while simultaneously cinching the encircling fishing line. EFTR was then performed on the isolated targeted tissue with the use of a needle-knife. Results Pseudopolyps were successful in all attempts. In the first attempt the encircling fishing line was cut, releasing the pseudopolyp during EFTR, with obvious leak. The remaining 4 EFTRs were performed with intact serosal apposing pseudopolyps and no air leaks. The median number of SLNT tissue anchors placed for a pseudopolyp was 5 (interquartile range, 4-5). The median size of full-thickness lesions was 37 mm (interquartile range, 29-49) and the median maximum pressure for the leak testing 9 mm Hg (interquartile range, 4-14) in the successful 4 attempts. Conclusion This proof of principle study suggests that EFTR with SLNT-fashioned pseudopolyps is feasible.
Converting floating-point values to integers

This chapter treats the important subject of converting arbitrary floating-point numbers to whole numbers, where the results may be in either floating-point or integer data formats. A few important historical machines targeted at the scientific computing market, and described in Appendix H on page 947, make such conversions easy by virtue of not having a separate integer storage format. Integers are then just floating-point values with a zero exponent, and conversions may require little more than bit shifting, and possibly, rounding. Some scripting languages provide only numbers and strings, where all numbers are represented as floating-point values.
Attractive orienteering problem with proximity and timing interactions

Abstract We consider an attractive orienteering problem for planning entertainment events. Specifically, we seek to determine a profit-maximizing tour and event plan among a set of candidate locations over a fixed time horizon. The revenue from a particular event depends on the total attendance. We approximate the total attendance to events using a time-varying attraction measure that accounts for the event location and time as well as events nearby in location and time. The influence of events nearby in location and time is known as the performance shadow. The profit calculation accounts for costs associated with travel to locations and holding events. We formulate a mixed-integer programming model that considers several practical constraints. However, the computational complexity of the problem forces us to develop local search and scatter search based heuristic methods to solve larger instances. We compare the performance of the exact formulation and heuristics using test cases based on regional and national tours within the continental U.S and a real life scenario based on U2’s 2017 Joshua Tree tour. A scatter search-based heuristic outperforms all other methods in the experiment. This heuristic is able to find optimal solutions for smaller instances that are solved optimally by a commercial solver. For larger instances, the heuristic outperforms the profit of the best feasible solution returned by the commercial solver by 32.0%. Finally, for the real life comparison, the scatter search based heuristic improves the profit associated with the CPLEX solution and the actual tour by 52.9% and 16.5%, respectively.
Correctable Myths About Research Misconduct in the Biomedical Sciences

A recent National Academy report on research integrity noted that policies are not evidence-based, with no formal entity responsible to attend to this deficit. Here we describe four areas of research misconduct (RM) regulations governing Public Health Service funded research that are empirically and/or ethically questionable. Policies for human subject protection, RM and conflict of interest are not harmonized, making it extremely difficult to deal with complex cases which often contain allegations in all of these areas. Second, detection of RM has depended entirely on whistleblowers in spite of evidence of significant under-reporting. Third, the scientific record is far from cleansed of the effects of falsified/fabricated work through current mechanisms of retraction. Finally, lack of fairness in the regulations may reflect lack of a Belmont Report-like document to guide ethics of RM policy. These issues are likely common in other countries. RM regulations should be harmonized with related regulations and their effectiveness tracked, open access to data for independent replication and improved statistical tests are an essential supplement to whistleblowers, correction of the scientific record will require a major effort, and further ethical analysis and guidance are as important as is empirical study for the improvement of RM regulations. Further consideration should be given to assigning current regulations for human subjects protection, RM and conflict of interest to a single authority and to the further development of a Belmont-like report of essential principles, for RM.
A Comparison of In-Vivo and Videoconference Momentary Time Sampling Observations of On-Task Behavior:

Systematic direct observation (SDO) is frequently used in schools to document student response to evidence-based interventions, determine eligibility for special education services, and provide obj...
Protein Folding and Binding: Effective Potentials, Replica Exchange Simulations, and Network Models

Advances in computational biophysics depend on the development of accurate effective potentials and powerful sampling methods to traverse rugged energy landscapes. We have developed an approach that makes use of the combined power of replica exchange simulations and a network model for kinetics. We carry out replica exchange simulations to generate a very large set of states using an all-atom effective potential function and construct a kinetic model for the folding, using an ansatz that allows kinetic transitions between states based on structural similarity. We are also using replica exchange simulations to study the binding of ligands to proteins such as cytochrome P450. A better understanding of the relationship between the physical kinetics of the systems being studied to their “kinetics” in the replica exchange ensemble is needed to use this new technology to maximum advantage. To illustrate some of the challenges, we will discuss the results using a network model to “simulate” replica exchange simulations of protein folding.
Development of a 0.5-T/240-mm $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ MRI Magnet: Assembly Design and Module Coils

This paper presents the latest results from our continued development of a 0.5-T/240-mm MgB2 MRI magnet at the MIT Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory. Because we have successfully developed our superconducting joint technique with a monofilament MgB2 wire, manufactured by Hyper Tech Research, Inc. (Columbus, OH), we have decided to use a monofilament wire to wind our MgB2 MRI magnet. The magnet, comprising eight module coils, has a winding inner diameter of 276 mm, an outer diameter of 290 mm, and a total height of 460 mm. Each coil has its own persistent-current switch (PCS) and a superconducting joint. In order to guard against a few bad coils forcing the entire magnet to be inoperative, each coil will be heat-treated and tested individually. After eight coils are successfully operated, they will be assembled into an MRI magnet and series-connected with soldering joints between adjacent coils. The PCS in each coil is designed in such way that it will also serve as a detect-and-heat protection absorber when the magnet quenches over a small “localized” region: The conductor volume in the eight switches is designed to absorb the entire magnet energy while still remaining below 200 K. This paper reports 1) the design of the whole magnet and 2) the fabrication and test results of the two real-size test coils, with their PCSs and superconducting joints. The tests were conducted in gas helium in the temperature range of 10-15 K and in the self-field of the coils.
Best Practices for Using Enterprise Gamification to Engage Employees and Customers

Enterprise gamification is one of the major human-computer interface trends of the 21st century. Using techniques borrowed from software games, gamification can be used to drive behavior in situations outside of games. As defined by Michael Wu, gamification “uses game attributes to drive gamelike behavior in a non-game context.”[1] When implemented successfully, gamification can give enterprises an edge by increasing user motivation and achievement of goals. Gamification can also help enterprises engage employees and customers, and meet business needs. Given these benefits, it is no surprise that the move to enterprise gamification is accelerating. Enterprises of all sizes and in many industries are ramping up on products, communities, and processes based on gamification principles, and enterprise gamification is growing at an impressive rate. This rapid rate of implementation brings opportunities for enterprises that can implement gamification effectively. To adapt to this trend, professionals in the field of human-computer interaction must understand best practices, and develop expertise and skills in enterprise gamification. To meet this need, this paper looks at why enterprises benefit from gamification; provides selected examples of enterprise gamification; and lists best practices for gamification projects.
Differential Diagnosis, Decision-Making, and Pathways of Care for ATOS

The diagnosis of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (ATOS) is made when the patient’s primary symptoms are arterial in nature even though the patient may also have neurogenic or venous symptoms. The neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet is compressed when the arm and shoulder are placed in certain positions in many patients without symptoms. In some, however, repeated injury may occur and produce arterial wall injury leading to endothelial ulceration, clot formation, post-stenotic aneurysmal dilatation, digital embolization, forearm vessel occlusion, and/or proximal arterial occlusion. This process is often silent and progressive. Subclavian-axillary artery lesions may be produced by either abnormal bony structures or normal structures that become abnormal with certain arm positioning.
Years with Elizabeth and James Miller: in appreciation.

When James Watson wrote “The Double Helix” he began by remarking “I have never seen Francis Crick in a modest mood.”
Dr. Robert Koch

Abstract Robert Koch was one of the founding fathers of biology. His contributions to the field of infectious disease are rivaled only by those of Pasteur and Lister. Koch rose from humble beginnings, working as a country doctor, and catapulted to the pinnacle of a scientific career to receive the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905. Confirming Pasteur’s germ theory, describing the entire life cycle of Bacillus anthracis , formulating his famous postulates, isolating the tubercle bacillus, isolating the cholera vibrio, inventing new methods for microscopy, and taking the first photomicrograph of a bacterium are just a few of the tremendous accomplishments that Robert Koch achieved in his lifetime.
Evidentials are syntax-sensitive: The view from Bangla

This paper studies an evidential in Bangla which changes its evidential flavor based on its syntactic position. Forging novel connections with the literature on finiteness, indexical shift, and complementizer agreement, this paper demonstrates how evidentials can be sensitive to the presence of syntactic heads that represent the point-of-view of an utterance. Three main claims are made: (i) evidentials always take finite clauses which are perspective-sensitive, (ii) this perspective-sensitivity is syntactic, i.e. it is the result of control by speech-act heads, (iii) coindexation or contraindexation among these perspectival heads can have very important effects on word order in evidential constructions. This paper thus offers a comprehensive syntactic profile of evidential particles, which have generally been investigated with regard to their semantic-pragmatic contribution, arguing that the structural configurations these elements appear in have undeniably crucial effects on the interpretative component.
Complex Dynamics in Small Groups

Why do groups whose members have seemingly equivalent skills and potential develop so differently, with some achieving surprisingly good results while others dramatically underperforming their apparent potential? This chapter explores this puzzle using a group thermodynamics lens. It illustrates how structural links either facilitate or dampen the flow of social energy, promoting or impeding flexible behavioral coordination. Examples of groups from the classroom, team sports, and military aviation show how emergent structures shape group processes, sending groups on more positive or negative trajectories. Teachers, coaches, and leaders can guide groups toward synergy by facilitating link formation and regulating the intensity of energy flow. Repeated cycles of “heating” and “cooling” can temper a group’s structure to help it attain the complex dynamic state that confers behavioral flexibility and resilience and promotes high performance in groups.
Pharmacists and Contraception in the Inpatient Setting

The choice of contraceptive method should be based on patient specific factors, patient preference, and method-specific properties. In this article, we review opportunities for an inpatient clinical pharmacist to assist in the selection and counseling of contraceptives in hospitalized patients. An inpatient pharmacist has the opportunity to discuss various contraceptive methods with the patient, ensuring an appropriate method is used after discharge, which is especially important after the occurrence of a contraception-related adverse effect or contraindication to certain contraceptive methods. Barriers, such as formulary restrictions, can limit inpatient initiation of contraceptive therapy while hospitalized, but pharmacists can provide education on appropriate alternatives. Inpatient clinical pharmacists can also make recommendations for contraceptive methods in special populations. It is crucial to select an appropriate therapy in patients with an underlying medical condition, such as those with active or history of breast cancer, psychiatric disorder, or thrombophilia, as inappropriate therapy can cause an increased risk of harm. Pharmacists can assist in contraceptive counseling, evaluating for drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, and recommending the most appropriate therapy in special populations. An inpatient pharmacist has the opportunity to interact with the medical team and assist in navigation of teratogenic medication use and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies.
Beryllium characterization in soils by selective extraction.

Abstract In the present work, an analytical method has been developed for the determination of the amount of man-made beryllium metal and/or beryllium compounds in soil in addition to the amount of native beryllium that is present. The method is based on the premise that if high-fired beryllium oxide can be extracted efficiently, then beryllium metal and acid-soluble beryllium salts would also be extracted efficiently. The proposed method involves the addition of 9 mL of an aqueous solution of 5% (wt/vol) ammonium bifluoride (ABF) to a 10-mL tube with 250 mg of dried, sieved soil. The tube is placed in a convection oven at 70 ᵒC and is mechanically rocked for 60 min to mix the sample while it is being heated. Beryllium oxide, beryllium metal and beryllium salts would include virtually all of the anthropogenic (man-made) beryllium compounds that might contaminate soil. Compounds that may be naturally present in soil, such as beryllium silicates and beryllium aluminosilicates, are not extracted efficiently by ABF solution under these conditions. As a second step after the initial extraction of the sample of soil with ABF solution, the soil is completely dissolved in a mixture of strong acids and that acid solution is then analyzed to determine the residual beryllium. The ratio of the extractable to residual beryllium in the same aliquot of native soil can be measured for a soil type in a local region and then used to calculate the amount of anthropogenic beryllium in soil. Therefore, the method may have application in the measurement of beryllium-contaminated soil at sites where beryllium oxide, beryllium metal and/or beryllium salts may have been used.
Near-linear time insertion-deletion codes and (1+ε)-approximating edit distance via indexing

We introduce fast-decodable indexing schemes for edit distance which can be used to speed up edit distance computations to near-linear time if one of the strings is indexed by an indexing string I. In particular, for every length n and every e >0, one can in near linear time construct a string I ∈ Σ′n with |Σ′| = Oe(1), such that, indexing any string S ∈ Σn, symbol-by-symbol, with I results in a string S′ ∈ Σ″n where Σ″ = Σ × Σ′ for which edit distance computations are easy, i.e., one can compute a (1+e)-approximation of the edit distance between S′ and any other string in O(n (logn)) time. Our indexing schemes can be used to improve the decoding complexity of state-of-the-art error correcting codes for insertions and deletions. In particular, they lead to near-linear time decoding algorithms for the insertion-deletion codes of [Haeupler, Shahrasbi; STOC ‘17] and faster decoding algorithms for list-decodable insertion-deletion codes of [Haeupler, Shahrasbi, Sudan; ICALP ‘18]. Interestingly, the latter codes are a crucial ingredient in the construction of fast-decodable indexing schemes.
SARS-CoV-2 Myocarditis Due to Severe Obesity

Myocarditis is defined as a myocardial injury concomitant with myocardial dysfunction. Several causes are associated with it, including infectious versus inflammatory and inherited cardiomyopathies. It can be acute, subacute, or chronic, and it can present as focal versus diffuse myocardial dysfunction. Viruses diseases, including the Coxsackie B3 virus, have been a well-established cause of viral myocarditis. It is a significant cause of mortality typically among young individuals due to lymphocytic or granulomatous inflammation of the myocardium. At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a detrimental cause of myocarditis with significant mortality and morbidity. Literature has revealed that most of the individuals affected by SARS-CoV-2 have significant other comorbidities, including cardiovascular, renal, or endocrine system-related comorbidities. It is noticed worldwide that patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity are at a higher risk of developing severe infection. Obesity itself is related to chronic low-grade inflammation, and SARS-CoV-2 infection creates an environment of an inflammatory storm by excessive activation of cytokines, thus creating a vicious cycle of injury and organ damage. We present the case of a 33-year-old Hispanic morbidly obese male without other comorbidities diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, complicated by severe systolic heart failure due to SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis.
Chronic Pain: Models and Treatment Approaches

Pain has been of interest to philosophers, scholars, and lay persons since the beginning of recorded history. Although there have been major advances in knowledge sensory physiology and the development of sophisticated pharmacological and surgical interventions, no treatments have proven to be consistently effective. Traditional medical models have been based on the assumption that there should be a close relationship between physical pathology and the extent of pain reported. Clinical observation and research has identified a number of challenges to this approach. Several alternatives to physiological conceptualizations have been proposed, namely, psychological causation and maintenance models. These alternative models focus on the role of psychological and motivational factors in pain reports in the absence of objective physical pathology, and the role of environmental reinforcement in the maintenance of behavioral indicators of pain. These conceptualizations are, however, incomplete. Current models of pain (i.e., gate control and cognitive–behavioral) underscore the role of cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors, as well as somatic ones. Understanding, assessment, and treatment of pain based on comprehensive views stress the need to incorporate psychological and social variables. The emphasis on treating chronic pain patients has moved from cure to rehabilitation and self-management.
Gauss Sums and the Artin-Schreier Curve

In this chapter we establish the connection between the spaces used to represent the Frobenius endomorphism, and eigenspaces for a Galois group of automorphisms of the Artin-Schreier curve. This connects Dwork theory, the Washnitzer-Monsky theory, and the fact realized by Monsky that the series E π (x) can be used to construct explicitly such eigenspaces. The first section lays the foundations for the special type of ring under consideration. After that we study the Artin-Schreier equation and the Frobenius endomorphism.
A Search for Planetary System Candidates

We report on our search for possible planetary system candidates in a volumelimited sample of 62 nearby A stars. Since the evolutionary lifetimes of A stars (≤ 109 yrs) roughly correspond to the era of planet formation and subsequent “heavy bombardment” in our solar system, our study could provide valuable insight into the origin of our own Solar System. From our ground-based visual and IUE high-resolution spectroscopy of all the northern nearby A stars, we have identified at least 12 stars with circumstellar gas. Combining these results with our previous IRAS survey we are probing the link between stars with circumstellar gas and those showing circumstellar dust disks. Our aim is not just to identify stars with gas, or stars with both gas and dust, but to identify systems with dynamic spectral activity similar to s Pic, a well known proto-planetary system candidate. By measuring the gas dynamics in the disks of these s Pic-like stars, we can begin to study the physics of accretion disks of young evolving systems.
Abstract P264: Young Adults, Technology, and Weight Loss: A Focus Group Study

Overweight and obesity are major health concerns in young adults. Technology has been integrated into weight loss interventions, however little is known about the effective use of this technology in young adults. The purpose of this study was to explore through focus groups the opinions of young adults on the use of technology and text messaging for weight loss as well knowledge and attitudes towards healthy eating and physical activity. Three focus group sessions were conducted with 17 young adults who wanted to lose weight or maintain weight. One moderator used a single discussion guide with questions to address the topics. Sessions were taped and the discussion was transcribed Two investigators conducted a qualitative analysis using a process of thematic analysis. Categories from each topic were combined to form themes, which provided a comprehensive view of the data. Ages of participants ranged from 18-25 years (mean=21 years). Across all focus groups 59% were female, and 76% were minorities. Five themes evolved from the discussions 1) Freedom to choose often equals overweight and obesity, 2) Priorities are key, 3) Squash the rumors and talk with an expert, 4) Give me an app that does it all, and 5) Personalize messages or risk being ignored. Participants had little knowledge but great interest in the use of Smartphone technology for weight loss. Results also indicated that young adults struggle to make healthy food choices, have priorities that outweigh regular exercise, and need support and guidance to make better decisions to facilitate weight management. Future research should focus on testing the effectiveness of interventions that empower overweight and obese young adults through personalized technology along with expert coaching.
The attachment of the bacterial chromosome to the cell membrane.

We would like to pose three questions: 1) Is the bacterial chromosome attached to the membrane? 2) If so, is it attached at a specific portion of the membrane? 3) Is it attached by a specific region of the DNA? While definitive answers cannot be provided for these questions, we think that the available evidence suggest useful strategies for future work.
Junctional nevus of the oral mucosa: Light and electron microscopic observations

Abstract Junctional nevi of the oral mucosa are rare and may be precancerous. A patient who had an enlarging junctional nevus of the labial mucosa with an adjacent lentigo simplex was studied by light and electron microscopy. On the basis of morphologic similarities—dendritic appearance, lack of desmosomes, proliferative melanin production, and lack of cytoplasmic fibrils—it appears that the nevus cell most likely develops from melanocytes. The reason for the transformation from melanocyte to nevus cell or junctional nevus cell hyperplasia is unknown.
The Regulation of Ketogenesis from Octanoic Acid THE ROLE OF THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE AND FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

The regulation of ketogenesis in the rat has been studied both in vivo and in the isolated perfused liver with octanoic acid as substrate. This fatty acid, which is not utilized directly for triglyceride synthesis, was chosen in order to investigate the events that govern the metabolism of fatty acids subsequent to the β-oxidation process. Experiments in vivo established that for any given load of octanoate, fasted animals produced ketones at a much faster rate than normal animals and that insulin had no inhibitory effect on this response. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with the isolated perfused liver. Livers from alloxan diabetic rats produced ketones at maximal rates independent of the fatty acid concentration in the perfusion fluid. With high concentrations of octanoate, livers from fasted animals, unlike those from normal animals, could be induced to synthesize ketones at a rate approximately equal to that of the diabetic group. Perfusion studies with octanoate-1-14C revealed that the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, although modestly depressed in the ketotic state, exerted only a minor modulating influence on the rate of ketogenesis. Surprisingly, the depression of lipogenesis accompanying fasting was found to be of sufficient magnitude to account for a major proportion of the increased C2 unit flux into ketone bodies. The block in lipogenesis alone could not account for the markedly elevated rate of ketogenesis seen in the diabetic state in which an accelerated generation of acetyl-CoA appeared to be the dominant feature.
Activated Notch1 associates with a presenilin‐1/γ‐secretase docking site

Presenilin-1 (PS1), implicated as the active component of the gamma-secretase enzymatic complex, is known to cleave the cell surface receptor Notch1 after ligand binding. Here we directly visualize Notch1-PS1 interactions using a novel fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy assay to monitor fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We demonstrate that endogenous Notch1 and PS1 move into close proximity at the cell surface after activation of Notch1 by the Delta1 ligand. A constitutively active N-terminally truncated form of Notch1, an immediate substrate of the gamma-secretase complex, similarly is found in close proximity to PS1. Interestingly, this interaction remains in the presence of a potent gamma-secretase active site inhibitor. Thus ligand binding to Notch1 appears to result in access of truncated Notch1 to a putative docking site on the PS1-gamma-secretase complex. These results suggest a novel mechanism of ligand binding-mediated signal transduction of Notch1.
The Gendering of Organizational Culture: Social and Organizational Discourses in the Making of British Airways☆

Abstract This chapter reports on the first stage of a major study of the gendering of British Airways (BA). Arguing, that to address sexual discrimination we need to analyze the interactions between social and organizational discourses over time, a study is made of the founding years (1919–1924) of BA.
Immunological Biomarkers in Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background There is a recognized need for biological markers to facilitate diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to distinguish it from other functional and organic disorders. As postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS) is believed to account for as many as one third of all IBS cases, here we sought to identify differences in specific cytokines and serologic responses across patients with idiopathic IBS and PI-IBS and healthy controls. Methods At total of 120 US military personnel were identified from the Defense Medical Surveillance System-based International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD9-CM) codes recorded during medical encounters and were grouped based on infectious gastroenteritis (IGE) episode (Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, or an unspecified pathogen) followed by IBS, IBS without antecedent IGE, or IGE without subsequent IBS within 2 years of the IGE exposure. Sera from subjects were assayed for cytokine levels and antibodies against a panel of microbiome antigens. Results In total, 10 of 118 markers considered were shown to differ between IBS patients and healthy controls, including cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), as well as antibody responses to microbial antigens. Antimicrobial antibody response profiles also differed between PI-IBS cases compared with IBS cases without an antecedent episode of acute IGE. Comparisons also suggest that immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG profiles may point to pathogen-specific origins among PI-IBS cases. Conclusion Taken together, these results provide further evidence as to the molecular distinctness of classes of IBS cases and that serum biomarkers may prove useful in elucidating their pathobiological pathways.
Nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and novobiocin inhibit yeast glycyl- and leucyl-transfer RNA synthetases

Nalidixic acid and novobiocin inhibit the aminoacylation and pyrophosphate exchange activities of glycyl- and leucyl-transfer RNA synthetases from bakers' yeast. Similar types of inhibition are observed for both enzymes, suggesting similar mechanisms. The potency of these inhibitors is comparable to that observed for their inhibition of in vivo DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
Thermal analysis and X‐ray scattering study of metallocene isotactic polypropylene prepared by partial melting

In this study, we examine the effects of heating, nucleation, cooling, and reheating on the thermal properties and structure of metallocene isotactic polypropylene (m-iPP) that had been prepared initially in a standard state containing nearly equal amounts of the crystallographic α and γ phases. Heat treatment was achieved through partial melting and annealing by the heating of samples to self-nucleation temperatures (Tn's) that spanned and exceeded the entire range of melting of the standard state, from 122 to 160 °C. The relative amounts of α and γ crystals are determined from the area under the unique wide-angle X-ray reflections. The lower and upper endotherms are caused by the melting of γ and α crystals, respectively. Four distinct regions of Tn were identified on the basis of the thermal and structural parameters of m-iPP. In region I, Tn is below the peak melting temperature of the γ phase. Here, γ crystals are annealed and α crystals are barely affected by Tn. In region II, Tn is above the peak of the lower endotherm but below the peak of the upper endotherm. γ crystals melt, and α crystals anneal. In both regions I and II, the portion of the sample melted at Tn recrystallizes epitaxially with existing parent α lamellae as the substrates, and the amount of α always exceeds the amount of γ. In region III, Tn is above the peak of the upper endotherm, and all γ crystals and some or all α crystals are melted at Tn. The number of α-crystal nuclei steadily decreases as Tn increases, causing systematic depression of the crystallization and melting temperatures seen during cooling. Finally, in region IV, Tn exceeds the upper endotherm, and only small self-nuclei or heterogeneous nuclei remain. Recrystallization is now suppressed to lower temperatures. For regions III and IV, a crossover behavior in the relative amounts of α and γ is observed during cooling from Tn. Because of the effective nucleating ability of α toward γ, as the temperature drops, the amount of γ increases and then exceeds the amount of α. With subsequent reheating, the reverse crossover occurs because of the lower melting point of γ. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1644–1660, 2002