cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in vitro translation product and in vivo-labeled protein in ripening tomatoes.

We determined the time course of increases in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase activity in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill.) pericarp discs following wounding and treatment with 75 mM LiCl. Over the course of 24 h, we detected oscillations in the amount of enzyme activity from an initial peak at 6 h to a subsequent, even higher level at 18 h. In-vitro translation products derived from poly(A)+ RNAs isolated at various times of treatment and in-vivo-labeled proteins were immunoprecipitated using antibodies specific for ACC synthase. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography showed that wounding and treatment with LiCl induced an accumulation of translatable ACC-synthase-specific mRNAs. In addition, single, prominent bands were apparent for both in-vivo and in-vitro samples but their molecular masses differed. It appears that the in-vitro translation product is a polypeptide of 56 kDa while the in-vivo-labeled enzyme has a molecular mass of 47 kDa.
New heteronuclear Mo/Fe/S clusters. The syntheses and structures of (Cl4-cat)Mo(PEt3)Fe3S4(SPEt3)2Cl and (Cl4-cat)2MoFe2S2(PEt3)2(CO)4 clusters

Abstract The reaction of the (Et4N)2[(Cl4-cat)Mo(MeCN)Fe3S4Cl3] cluster (I), with CO in the presence of Fe(PEt3)2Cl2 or PEt3–NaBPh4 in MeCN solution produced the new (Cl4-cat)Mo(PEt3)2(CO)2 complex (II), the (Cl4-cat)Mo(PEt3)Fe3S4(SPEt3)2Cl cluster (III), and the (Cl4-cat)2MoFe2S2(PEt3)2(CO)4 cluster (IV) as well as the known (Cl4-cat)Mo(O)Fe3S3(PEt3)3(CO)5 cluster. All compounds were successfully isolated as crystalline material by chromatographic separation and structurally characterized. The structural and Mossbauer features of the neutral cluster III with a [MoFe3S4]3+ core were very similar to those of the [MoFe3S4]2+ clusters. The unique SPEt3 ligands of III seem to act as electron reservoirs through σ and π-interactions with the Fe atoms. An increase of electron density is evident around the formal [MoFe3S4]3+ core. Synthetic pathways that lead to the new compounds are also discussed.
Application of coupled dynamic programming to two-point boundary-value systems

The two-point boundary-value system is treated as a chain composed of a number of 2N-dimensional blocks. This system is optimized using invariant imbedding relations in coupled dynamic programming. Two numerical examples from the field of structural mechanics are used to demonstrate the procedure. This method of optimal design may be applied to systems in many other fields. The size of the problem can be greatly reduced by using invariant imbedding, rather than standard dynamic programming.
Vertical penetration of floating ice sheets

Abstract Existing failure criteria for the bearing capacity of floating ice sheets predict the load for the occurrence of the first radial crack or a circumferential crack, when the maximum stress obtained from an elastic analysis in the ice equals the tensile strength. From full-scale and small-scale tests, the ultimate load to cause complete penetration of a floating ice sheet is much higher than that to cause the first radial crack. This can be attributed to wedging action during deformation of a radially cracked ice sheet. We present three approaches taken to determine the ice penetration force: (1) plastic limit analysis, (2) small-scale experiments, and (3) full-scale measurements in the field. Small-scale experiments were conducted with freshwater ice in the basin at the laboratory to understand the wedging action during the vertical loading of floating ice sheets. Results of the following series of experiments are presented: (a) beams with fixed ends, (b) paired cantilever beams arranged free-end to free-end and loaded together, (c) beams with an apparatus inserted between the free ends of paired cantilever beams to measure the in-plane force during vertical loading, and (d) vertical downward loading of floating ice sheets with fixed and free boundaries. Analysis of the data from the beam tests reveals that the wedging action results in the development of wedging pressure in the top or bottom third of the ice thickness, and this results in a resisting moment that counters the deformation of a cracked ice sheet. An ice sheet attached to the basin wall inhibits the propagation of radial cracks because of the wedging action, whereas an ice sheet free at the edges from the surrounding ice sheet fails by the propagation of radial cracks all the way to the ice sheet's free boundary. The difference between the two breakthrough loads of the free and the fixed ice sheets can be attributed to wedging action. The results of the beam tests are used in the results of plastic limit analysis to predict the breakthrough loads of floating ice sheets, which are in agreement with loads measured during full-scale and small-scale experiments.
Sixth and tenth nerve palsy secondary to pseudomonas infection of the skull base.

PURPOSE: To describe skull base osteomyelitis, an uncommon complication of chronic otitis media in the post-antibiotic era, as a cause for diplopia. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: The records of a patient with skull base osteomyelitis were reviewed. RESULTS: A patient presented with a sixth nerve palsy and tenth nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging, bone scan, and gallium scan were helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Cultures grew Pseudomonas. The treatment required long-term intravenous antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomonas skull-based osteomyelitis can produce a sixth nerve palsy as a result of the involvement of the clivus. Although uncommon in the post-antibiotic era, early recognition, appropriate diagnostic testing, and aggressive systemic antibiotic treatment might prevent permanent neurologic sequel.
Cyclides in Geometric Modeling: Computational Tools for an Algorithmic Infrastructure

The Dupin cyclide is a quartic surface with useful properties such as circular lines of curvature, rational parametric representations and closure under offsetting. All natural quadrics (cone, cylinder, sphere) and the torus are special cases of the cyclide. Applications of cyclides include variable radius blending, piping design and design of tubular geometry, such as mold gates and wire hamesses. While the mathematical treatment of cyclides is well developed, the tools required to incorporate this surface into conventional modeling applications have not received sufficient attention. In this paper we detail various methods for manipulating and computing with the cyclide. Issues such as auxiliary representations, inverse parameter mapping, point classification, normal projection of a point onto the surface, distance computation, bounding volumes and surface intersection detection are discussed in detail. We also provide implemented examples of design applications that utilize these computational tools.
Isoprene polymerization via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Until recently, the primary living radical polymerization method available for preparing polyisoprene was nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization, with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization being applied only in a few cases within the last couple of years. We report here the preparation of polyisoprene by RAFT in the presence of the trithiocarbonate transfer agent S-1-dodecyl-S′-(r,r′-dimethyl-r′′-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate and t-butyl peroxide as the radical initiator. The kinetics of this polymerization at an optimized temperature of 125 °C and radical initiator concentration of 0.2 equiv relative to transfer agent have been studied in triplicate and demonstrate the living nature of the polymerization. These conditions resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersity indices, on the order of 1.2, with monomer conversions up to 30%. Retention of chain-end functionality was demonstrated by polymerizing styrene as a second block from a polyisoprene macrotransfer agent, resulting in a block copolymer presenting a unimodal gel permeation chromatogram, and narrow molecular weight distribution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4100–4108, 2007
Formation and properties of cyclo[6]pyrrole and cyclo[7]pyrrole.

Oxidative coupling of a tetraalkylbipyrrole under FeIII-mediated coupling conditions in the presence of HCl results in a mixture of cyclo[6]- and cyclo[7]pyrroles, as well as the known cyclo[8]pyrrole. This “matched set” of heteroannulenes was analyzed by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and X-ray diffraction methods.
Magnitude of shear stress on the San Andreas fault: Implications of a stress measurement profile at shallow depth

A profile of measurements of shear stress perpendicular to the San Andreas fault near Palmdale, California, shows a marked increase in stress with distance from the fault. The pattern suggests that shear stress on the fault increases slowly with depth and reaches a value on the order of the average stress released during earthquakes. This result has important implications for both long- and shortterm prediction of large earthquakes.
Recent Mafic Volcanism on Mars

The evidence for volcanism on Mars is commonly accepted, but none has been documented in the Valles Marineris equatorial rift system. A recent survey of the troughs in this valley revealed dark patches that are interpreted to be volcanic vents. The configuration and association of these patches with tectonic structures suggest that they are of internal origin; their albedo and color ratios indicate a mafic composition; and their stratigraphic position, crispness of morphologic detail, and low albedo imply that they are young, perhaps even recent.
Regulatory kinetics of yeast hexokinase in situ

Abstract Purified yeast hexokinase PII (EC 2.7.1.1) has previously been shown to exhibit negative cooperativity with MgATP and a burst-type of slow transient during assay below pH 7. To determine if these properties occur under conditions which are more nearly physiological, studies have been made of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes in situ. Yeast cells were made permeable to substrates by treatment with protamine (Schlenk, F. and Zydek-Cwick, C. R. (1970) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 138, 220–225). These “ghost” cells were then assayed for hexokinase activity and showed both the negative cooperativity and the slow transient at pH 6.5 characteristic of purified hexokinase PII. Kinetics at pH 8 were essentially linear. Although K m values, cooperativity, ratio of fructose to glucose phosphorylating activity, and pH dependencies of ghost hexokinase were similar to purified hexokinase PII, differences were observed in the ratio of initial to steady-state velocities, in the presence of negative cooperativity in the initial velocity and in the degree of activation by citrate. These results suggest a difference in the initial ratio of interconvertible enzyme forms in situ as compared with purified enzyme. The data also suggest that there was a minor amount of an isozymic form of glucose-phosphorylating enzyme present. Since ghost hexokinase shows negative cooperativity and a slow transient, these properties probably occur physiologically, but their significance remains uncertain. The observation of these two kinetic properties in semi-permeable ghosts supports the slow transition model (Ainslie, G. R., Shill, J. P. and Neet, K. E. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7088-7086) for cooperativity of yeast hexokinase.
Structural diversity measures for RNA

RNA molecules can be designed by applying an optimization method (adaptive walk, Monte-Carlo, genetic algorithm, constraint programming, etc) to compute sequences that are likely to fold into a given target structure. Since suboptimal structures can be quite distinct from a desired target structure, it is likely to be more important to minimize the structural diversity around a target structure, than to ensure that the minimum free energy structure is equal to the target structure. A number of measures of structural diversity have been introduced in the literature, ranging from positional entropy to ensemble defect. Here, we describe our C-program that efficiently computes such measures; in the future, source code will be made available at our web site http://bioinformatics.bc.edu/clotelab/.
Nursing interventions for chronically confused nursing home residents.

Summary Making these special chronically confused residents feel successful and helping them have a purpose within their own reality appears to be a key for providing effective interventions. From the perspective of the nursing home staff, the belief that expert clinicians develop effective strategies to deal with unique populations is critical to help them name and describe what they do in actual clinical practice.
Covalent Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Alters Their Densities Allowing Electronic and Other Types of Separation

We show that covalently attached functional groups can alter the densities of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a predictable and highly controllable manner. A volume-additivity model based on molecular group contributions can be used to estimate the density difference between 4-hydroxyphenyl-functionalized and nonfunctionalized HiPco SWNTs as approximately 98.3 kg/m3, compared with 97.9 kg/m3 measured by density-gradient centrifugation. Conversely, the estimated density difference between the (6,5) (0.75 nm diameter) and (9,8) (1.17 nm diameter) SWNTs is smaller at 23.4 kg/m3. We conclude that covalent functionalization can provide an effective handle to separate particular SWNTs from a typical diameter distribution. We show that SWNT mixtures in which metallic SWNTs have been selectively reacted produce two distinct density fractions corresponding to functionalized metallic and pure semiconducting SWNTs. The results were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, where the high-density fraction...
Effect of viscous dissipation on the lubrication characteristics of micropolar fluids

Thermohydrodynamic solutions are presented for a finite journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluid. Comparison with isothermal results, assuming that viscosity remains at the inlet temperature, is also given. Results indicate the heat generation due to viscous dissipation plays an important role on the load-carrying of a journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluids.
Effect of pressure on the Raman spectra of methanol–ethanol–water mixture at room temperature

We measured Raman spectra for liquid methanol, ethanol, water and their mixture under ambient conditions. We also measured these spectra for wavenumbers in the range 1400–1600 cm−1 for methanol–ethanol (4:1) and methanol–ethanol–water (16:3:1) mixtures as functions of pressure up to 62 kbar at room temperature. We present results for the wavenumber, linewidth and relative intensity of the prominent bands as functions of pressure. These results should be useful for understanding the pressure (hydrostatic) dependence of the Raman spectra of solids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Far infrared photoconductivity of TTF-TCNQ

Abstract The spectral dependence of the far-infrared photoconductivity of TTF-TCNQ at low temperatures shows an interband transition with an edge at approximately 22 meV. We associate this gap with the d.c. conductivity maximum near 70 K, and suggest that at least two distinct mean-field transition temperatures are important for the observed electrical and magnetic properties of the material.
Antiparallel versus component merging at the magnetopause: Current bifurcation and intermittent reconnection

[1] One of the major unresolved issues regarding magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause is the location where reconnection first occurs during periods of a large interplanetary magnetic field By. In order to address this issue, we examine and contrast the onset of reconnection in the presence and absence of a finite guide field (By). In an accompanying paper (Karimabadi et al., 2005) we showed that in case of one linearly unstable mode, tearing saturates at amplitudes too small to be of relevance to transport at the magnetopause, even in the antiparallel case. However, we show that in general a number of modes are simultaneously unstable at the magnetopause. This process is aided by the presence of electron temperature anisotropy which broadens the unstable spectrum, extending it to very short wavelengths. Multimode tearing gets past the single mode stabilization and grows to large amplitudes in several stages: the initial linear stage, the coalescence process which proceeds at a slower growth rate, the growth and dominance of the longest wavelength in the system, and a final explosive phase which leads to a saturated state with a bifurcated current sheet. The aspect ratio of the magnetic island at the end of the explosive phase is ∼0.2. This is in good agreement with the aspect ratio of the magnetic island structure at Earth's magnetopause reconstructed from the single-spacecraft data by Hau and Sonnerup (1999). We find that in addition to coalescence, there can occur stretching of the X lines. This leads to a recurrent reconnection process where only a single, rather than a pair of magnetic structures are periodically produced, reminiscent of flux transfer events. Although the detailed properties of the various interacting modes are altered in the presence of a guide field, the basic scenario including the final explosive phase of the system remains even for very large guide fields. We calculate the steady state reconnection rate as a function of guide field and plasma beta and show that fast reconnection is obtained even for modest values of guide field. Detailed application of these results to the magnetopause is discussed. One key finding is that it takes a very weak guide field of less than 0.07 of the magnetosheath field to transition away from the antiparallel reconnection. The linear growth rate of isotropic tearing compared to convection time is fast only for thin sheets. In the absence of electron temperature anisotropies, both antiparallel and component merging remain competitive as long as the guide field is not too strong (≤0.4). Local condition, most importantly the shear flow, is identified as one effect that may change the behavior of reconnection in the antiparallel versus component merging.
Teaching ethnic and racial relations: some comments on Michael Banton

Banton's critique of race and ethnic relations highlights differences between the U.K. and the U.S.A. The interplay between ethnic politics and the teaching of the subject in the universities reflects differing reactions to the demise of Marxism, the impact of globalization and the growth of transnationalism. In America, anthropology, economics, cultural studies and conflict resolution have had a mixed impact on the field, but an examination of textbooks over the past thirty years - as well as Banton's prolific scholarship - suggests that most of the core problems remain the same.
FAIR DAIRY POLICY

Dairy policy in the United States has gone through many changes over the years, but the basic instruments have remained in place for decades. The Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 is best seen as a relatively small scale reform of dairy policy. Most of the income transfers from consumers and taxpayers to dairy farms remain intact, and the major economic distortions are unaffected. The major change from phasing out price support program is more one of form rather than substance. Some consider this a fundamental shift in U.S. dairy policy, but its quantitative impact is likely to be minor. Further, because dairy assessments associated with the price support are eliminated immediately, the net transfer from taxpayers to the dairy industry is likely to be higher than it would be if the price support program were left in place. This paper reviews the effects of this change and other dairy policy provisions in the FAIR Act and compares the implications of the new dairy program to implications of three alternatives: continuing the previous program, eliminating marketing orders and the price support program, and eliminating all policy interventions including import barriers.
Nuclear-Spin-Relaxation Study of Internal Motion in Two Organic Molecular Solids

We investigate proton spin-lattice relaxation in two powdered organic molecular solids with reorienting methyl (${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$) and tert-butyl [C${({\mathrm{CH}}_{3})}_{3}$] groups: 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) and 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (TTBZ). The temperature and Larmor frequency dependence of the relaxation rate is considerably more complicated than would be expected on the basis of random reorientations of the ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$ and C${({\mathrm{CH}}_{3})}_{3}$ groups. The spectral densities describing the relaxation are broader, and show more structure, than those customarily used to interpret relaxation data. Assuming that the spectral densities may be expressed as linear superpositions of Lorentzians, we are able to obtain a single, nonexponential correlation function which leads to satisfactory fits of the data. Assuming also the validity of the Arrhenius relation, $\ensuremath{\tau}={\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}\mathrm{exp}(\frac{E}{\mathrm{kT}})$, with a constant ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$, we find that the barriers to rotation for the ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$ and C${({\mathrm{CH}}_{3})}_{3}$ groups may be characterized by a distribution of activation energies consisting of a wide background and one (DTBP) or two (TTBZ) $\ensuremath{\delta}$ functions.
PCR offers no advantage over culture for microbiologic diagnosis in cellulitis

Most cases of cellulitis are traditionally attributed to β-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, although in most cases, no organism is identified. Development of PCR using the conserved bacterial 16 S rRNA DNA permits identification of bacteria independent of conventional culture approaches and prior use of antibiotics. We used PCR-based techniques to identify cellulitis etiology using aspirate samples from affected skin. Saline was infiltrated and aspirated at the site of greatest erythema or at the cellulitic border. Samples were tested for 16 S rRNA DNA, and organism-specific probes used to identify bacteria commonly seen in skin infections. Aspirates from 32 patients were studied, and 16 S rRNA DNA was detected in nine of these patient samples (28.1 %). Bacterial species were identified by PCR methods in six of these nine samples (66.6 %), with S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) identified in four and two, respectively, of these samples. Of the patients with positive aspirate bacterial cultures (3/9, 33.3 %), S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) were present on cultures of two of the three (both 66.6 %) positive samples. Only in one of the three positive bacterial cultures did the PCR method detect the same organism as was detected by culture. Among patients with positive provider-collected clinical cultures, MRSA was the predominant organism (11/18, 61.1 %) and when present, it was found as the sole organism. Where S. aureus or Streptococcus species were detected by molecular methods, clinical cultures yielded a positive result as well. PCR-based techniques do not appear to be more sensitive than aspirate cultures for the detection of pathogens in cellulitis.
The vaccinia virus B5 protein requires A34 for efficient intracellular trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the site of wrapping and incorporation into progeny virions.

The glycoproteins encoded by the vaccinia virus A34R and B5R genes are involved in intracellular envelope virus formation and are highly conserved among orthopoxviruses. A recombinant virus that has the A34R gene deleted and the B5R gene replaced with a B5R gene fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (B5R-GFP) gene was created (vB5R-GFP/ΔA34R) to investigate the role of A34 during virion morphogenesis. Cells infected with vB5R-GFP/ΔA34R displayed GFP fluorescence throughout the cytoplasm, which differed markedly from that seen in cells infected with a normal B5R-GFP-expressing virus (vB5R-GFP). Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation demonstrated that B5-GFP localizes with the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of A34. Expression of either full-length A34 or a construct consisting of the lumenal and transmembrane domains restored normal trafficking of B5-GFP to the site of wrapping in the juxtanuclear region. Coimmunoprecipitation studies confirmed that B5 and A34 interact through their luminal domains, and further analysis revealed that in the absence of A34, B5 is not efficiently incorporated into virions released from the cell.
Polymeric Micelles for Acyclovir Drug Delivery

Polymeric prodrug micelles for delivery of acyclovir (ACV) were synthesized. First, ACV was used directly to initiate ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone to form ACV-polycaprolactone (ACV-PCL). Through conjugation of hydrophobic ACV-PCL with hydrophilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) or chitosan, polymeric micelles for drug delivery were formed. (1)H NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography were employed to show successful conjugation of MPEG or chitosan to hydrophobic ACV-PCL. Through dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and critical micelle concentration (CMC), the synthesized ACV-tagged polymeric micelles were characterized. It was found that the average size of the polymeric micelles was under 200nm and the CMCs of ACV-PCL-MPEG and ACV-PCL-chitosan were 2.0mgL(-1) and 6.6mgL(-1), respectively. The drug release kinetics of ACV was investigated and cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that ACV-tagged polymeric micelles were non-toxic.
Analysis of proteins from different phase variants of the entomopathogenic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens by two-dimensional zymography

Two-dimensional zymography which combines two-dimensional electrophoresis with zymography was used to analyze proteases and other proteins produced by different phase variants of two strains of Photorhabdus luminescens. Both the primary and secondary phases of P. luminescens strains Hp and Hm secreted proteases. The protease in P. luminescens Hp has a molecular weight (Mr) of 57 000 and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.4 whereas that in P. luminescens Hm has an Mr of 59 000 and pI of 4.9. Several putative protease degradation products were clearly visible in the zymograms from both bacterial strains. Two-dimensional zymography also showed that several secretory proteins were present only in particular phase variants and therefore could be used as specific markers. Unexpectedly, the two-dimensional zymography revealed that a nonsecretory protease with an Mr of 47 000 and a pI of 4.0 was present in the cell extracts of all phases of both P. luminescens Hp and Hm. The application of the two-dimensional zymography for the identification of other enzymes was also discussed.
Light Scattering from Parallel-Pump Instabilities in Yttrium Iron Garnet

Brillouin light scattering has been observed from parametrically excited magnons by parallel pumping in a 4-\ensuremath{\mu}m yttrium-iron-garnet film at 9.4 GHz. Scattering from the spin waves could be observed continuously from the thermal level through the nonlinear region of parametrically excited magnons. Magnons with small wave vectors propagating perpendicular to the static field are seen to have the lowest critical field as predicted theoretically. The spectra of these parametric excitations show a pronounced structure.
Extraordinary alignment of Nb films with sapphire and the effects of added hydrogen

We present the results of high-resolution x-ray scattering studies of the structural coherence of niobium [110] films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on sapphire [112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] substrates. In transverse scans of the out-of-plane (110) Bragg peak we find two components, the sharper of which implies mosaicities an order of magnitudes better than bulk single-crystal Nb, and transverse structural coherence lengths exceeding ${10}^{4}$ A\r{}. In addition, we observe that the planes associated with the sharp component are exactly aligned with the sapphire (112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0) planes. Upon hydrogen loading of the Nb film, we find evidence for a dramatic increase of the lateral coherence length.
Pathway of ADP-stimulated ADP release and dissociation of tethered kinesin from microtubules. Implications for the extent of processivity.

Kinesin binds to microtubules with half-site ADP release to form a tethered intermediate with one attached head without nucleotide and one tethered head that retains its bound ADP. For DKH405 containing amino acid residues 1−405 of Drosophila kinesin, release of the remaining ADP from the tethered head is slow (0.05 s-1), but release is accelerated by added ADP or ATP. The maximum rate of ADP-stimulated dissociation of tethered DKH405 from the microtubule is ∼12 s-1 as determined by turbidity. Parallel measurements of ADP-stimulated release of 2‘(3‘)-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-ADP (mantADP) from the tethered intermediate by fluorescence indicate that the reaction is biphasic with a fast phase that occurs at a rate that is similar to dissociation. The rate of the slow phase is dependent on the concentrations of salt and microtubules and is equal in each case to the rate for bimolecular stimulation of ADP release by microtubules as measured independently. These results are consistent with a scheme in which th...
The Rhetoric of Theatre.

There are three major senses in which theatre is a rhetorical form: first, the playscript is rhetorical in that it urges an attitude toward its subject matter; second, the staged work is rhetorical in that it urges an attitude (usually one of acceptance) toward the playscript; and third, the production may take the rhetorical stance of changing or even mocking the text. In all three rhetorics, theatre depends on the example as its central rhetorical device, not the example as part of discursive form, but the example as a form in its own right.
Sound speed measurements in liquid oxygen‐liquid nitrogen mixtures

The sound speed in liquid oxygen (LOX), liquid nitrogen (LN2), and five LOX-LN2 mixtures was measured by an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique at temperatures in the vicinity of -195.8C, the boiling point of N2 at a pressure of I atm. Under these conditions, the measurements yield the following relationship between sound speed in meters per second and LN2 content M in mole percent: c = 1009.05-1.8275M+0.0026507 M squared. The second speeds of 1009.05 m/sec plus or minus 0.25 percent for pure LOX and 852.8 m/sec plus or minus 0.32 percent for pure LN2 are compared with those reported by past investigators. Measurement of sound speed should prove an effective means for monitoring the contamination of LOX by Ln2.
Portable section-level tuning of compiler parallelized applications

Automatic parallelization of sequential programs combined with tuning is an alternative to manual parallelization. This method has the potential to substantially increase productivity and is thus of critical importance for exploiting the increased computational power of today's multicores. A key difficulty is that parallelizing compilers are generally unable to estimate the performance impact of an optimization on a whole program or a program section at compile time; hence, the ultimate performance decision today rests with the developer. Building an autotuning system to remedy this situation is not a trivial task. This work presents a portable empirical autotuning system that operates at program-section granularity and partitions the compiler options into groups that can be tuned independently. To our knowledge, this is the first approach delivering an au-toparallelization system that ensures performance improvements for nearly all programs, eliminating the users' need to experiment with such tools to strive for highest application performance.
Microwave characterisation of 1 μm-gate AI 0.48 In 0.52 As/Ga 0.47 In 0.53 As/InP MODFETs

We report microwave characterisation of nominally 1μm-gate AI0.48In0.52AssGa0.47In0.53As (lattice-matched to InP) modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs). The AI0.48In0.52AssGa0.47In0.53As MODFETs have room-temperature extrinsic transconductances as high as 250 mSs mm. A room-temperature unity-current-gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 22 GHz and an fmax of 35 GHz were measured for a 1.2mm-gate MODFET.
Do subtle breast cancers attract visual attention during initial impression

Women who undergo regular mammographic screening afford mammographers a unique opportunity to compare current mammograms with prior exams. This comparison greatly assists mammographers in detecting early breast cancer. A question that commonly arises when a cancer is detected under regular periodic screening conditions is whether the caner is new, or was it missed on the prior exam? This is a difficult question to answer by retrospective analysis, because knowledge of the status of the current exam biases the interpretation of the prior exam. To eliminate this bias and provide some degree of objectivity in studying this question, we looked at whether experienced mammographers who had no prior knowledge of a set of test cases fixated on potential cancer-containing regions on mammograms from cases penultimate to cancer detection. The results show that experienced mammographers cannot recognize most malignant cancers selected by retrospective analysis.
Application of VRS Methodology for the Statistical Assessment of BTI in MG/HK CMOS Devices

Variability induced by bias temperature instability is an increasing concern in aggressively scaled CMOS technologies. To assess the stochastic nature of the instability, we demonstrate that the recently introduced voltage ramp stress methodology properly captures the variance component and thus can be used to study stochastic effects related to transistor design and gate-stack processes.
Structure and mechanism in prokaryotic mechanosensitive channels.

Mechanosensitive channels function as electromechanical switches with the capability to sense the physical state of lipid bilayers. The X-ray crystal structures of MscL and MscS offer a unique opportunity to identify the types of protein motions associated with the opening and closing of these structurally unrelated channels, while providing the framework to address a mechanism of tension sensing that is defined by channel–lipid interactions. Recent functional, structural and dynamic data offer fresh insights into the molecular basis of gating for these membrane proteins.
SU-E-I-123: Quantification of 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging for Breast Cancer with Singular Value Decompsition (SVD) Method

Purpose: To study the feasibility of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method to quantify the MRSI data, and the effect of signal to noise ratio on SVD method was studied. Methods: In‐house SVD program was developed with Matlab version 7.6 (Mathworks.com), in frequency domain water signal peak around 4.7ppm is used for referencing shifting. Hankel SVD method is used to compute the signal poles and from them the signal frequencies and damping factors. Known spectrum without noise was analyzed. Then introduce random noise, Gaussian filter of various frequency was used to reduce noise effect, wavelet threshold de‐noise method was also tested with various hard and soft threshold selection methods. Human breast MRSI data were analyzed with optimized parameters.Results: SVD can easily detect the small signal in low noise GSH data at 2.54ppm, GSH signal ratio to NAA is only 0.5%. However SVD can not detect the signal after added random noise of SNR 15. By add Gaussian filter of 2.5Hz, peak could be detected by suppress noise, however if noise level is larger than the signal, fake peak could be resulted. For wavelet threshold method, hard threshold with wavelet principle of Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimate (SURE) can generate best results, random noise of SNR 7 can be reliably detected. Typical patient data from breast tumor data was analyzed, even the detected cho peak is only 0.5% of water peak, it can be detected reliably, and the max residue error is 0.2% of water peak. Conclusions: SVD method can be used for human breast MRSI. the SVD method is sensitive to detect the signals as low as 0.5%. However it is suspected to noise, since it has no prior knowledge to reduce noise; improved SVD method with wavelet threshold de‐noise can exploited in MRSI with SNR of 7.
Lessons From a Buried Past Settlement Women and Democratically Anchored Governance Networks

Networks are developing alongside traditional bureaucracies as viable entities for addressing wicked problems. This alternate organizational model requires that administrators learn to manage and lead in more horizontal power-sharing structures. Public administration scholars trace the rise of networks in the United States back to the 1990s, yet the settlement women of the Progressive Era established a managerial and organizational precedent for using democratically anchored governance networks to affect social change. This article examines the work of the settlement women and explores how contemporary network managers can adapt and apply valuable but frequently overlooked managerial lessons from the field’s history.
Complement 3 deficiency and oral prednisolone improve strength and prolong survival of laminin α2-deficient mice

Complement deposition and macrophages are common in biopsies of children with muscular dystrophy. While the presumed roles of complement and macrophages have been those of scavenger to remove and clear necrotic fibers, there is some evidence that they play a primary role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we explore the role of complement in the pathogenesis of the most severe animal model of congenital dystrophy, the dy-/- mouse, which is laminin alpha2-deficient. We generated animals deficient in both C3 and laminin alpha2. C3 is the third component of the complement cascade and is required for activation of either the classical or alternative pathways. Thirty-three percent of the dy-/-:C3+ mice (n=59) died before 24 weeks while only 14% of the dy-/-:C3-/- (n=29) mice died (p=0.04). Absolute forepaw strength was 25-30% greater for the dy-/-:C3-/- mice up to 20 weeks of age (p<0.05 compared to complement-sufficient). Forepaw strength adjusted for weight also showed significant differences with C3-/- mice being stronger up to 20 weeks (p<0.05). However, by 24 weeks, the two groups did not differ for strength. Next, we treated 20 mice with twice weekly oral prednisolone. Survival at 24 weeks for the prednisolone treated dy-/- mice (C3-/- or C3+) was 90% (p=0.04). This work shows that complement insufficiency and weekly prednisone prolong survival and improve strength of the laminin alpha2-deficient mouse. This work suggests that the complement system may contribute directly to the pathogenesis of this form of dystrophy. Because complement activity may be modified pharmacologically, this work may have implications for treatment of children with congenital muscular dystrophy secondary to laminin alpha2 deficiency.
MICROCOMPUTER BASED DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM DEVELOPED TO COUNT AND SIZE LASER-GENERATED SMALL PARTICLE IMAGES.

A microcomputer-based digital image processing system has been developed to count and size laser-generated small particle images. Processing rates of 5 to 600 frames per minute were achieved by utilizing a real-time digital image processor. Particles from 7 to 700 µm in the plane of focus were counted and sized. A major emphasis in this work was to determine the basic problems and limitations involved with using a digital image processing scheme to accurately size particles. Areas that were investigated include the effect of the threshold level on measured particle size, particle boundary diffraction gray-level gradients, and geometric nonlinearities introduced by the vidicon camera. A Laser Electro-Optics Ltd. calibration reticle containing simulated particles from 5.29 to 92.75 µm in diameter was used as the basis for an in-depth calibration process. It was determined that various inherent problems with image processing systems limit their accuracy unless compensation is made. Decalibration techniques were used to correct for these inaccuracies. After correction, an average error of less than 1.0% was found for 25 to 100 µm particles. A 2.8% error was found in the experimentally determined distribution of 52.8 µm polystyrene microspheres.
Reply to Griswold, Forgiveness: A Philosophical Exploration

This paper replies to the account of forgiveness developed in Griswold’s Forgiveness: A Philosophical Exploration. It defends the idea that “unilateral” forgiveness is the paradigm case of the virtue of forgiveness, rejecting Griswold’s claims that forgiveness is essentially a “dyadic” virtue, and that reconciliation of the wronged party with the wrongdoer is a defining element of forgiveness. Forgiveness is fundamentally a matter of being reconciled to the persistence of human wrongdoing, as expressed in particular instances. Reconciliation may well be essential to some attempts at “political apology” for wide-scale wrongdoing. But then, contrary to some of Griswold’s claims, forgiveness will be central to many national projects of bringing about civic reconciliation. The paper also distinguishes between the project of seeking moral reconciliation from the project of seeking and granting political recognition for those who have been denied civic status. Contrary to Griswold’s view, the Vietnam Veterans War Memorial is best understood as a project of seeking and granting recognition, not as an attempt to produce civic reconciliation in response to the Vietnam War.
Wishing Upon a Star Christmas Tourism and Urban Renewal in Bethlehem, PA

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a steel town north of Philadelphia, declared itself “Christmas City, U.S.A.” in 1937 as part of an effort to unite the city’s North and South sides and draw visitors to dow...
Glucose-6-phosphatase as a marker for tumors of liver and kidney origin

Glucose-6-phosphatase is primarily a liver and kidney enzyme. This enzyme was studied in various tumors, however, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was found only in tumors of liver, kidney, or adrenal origin. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was useful in identifying the tissue origin of extrarenal Wilms'. Metastatic tumors within the liver or kidney that originated from other tissues did not have glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Therefore, it is suggested that glucose-6-phosphatase can be used as a specific enzyme marker for tumors of liver and kidney origin.
Navigating new waters: a proposal for dealing with emerging technology

As the technology our clients use becomes increasingly mobile and portable, the nature of our support is changing. In addition, our clients are progressively more comfortable with technology. This is probably due to a combination of the training we have offered, but could also be because the faculty and staff have had significant turnover. This has resulted in a client community that has more experience with a broad range of technology.This shift has forced us to think about some of the ideas behind our support. Do our policies erect unintended barriers to behavior that is out of the ordinary, or do our policies treat this behavior as potentially innovative? How do we deal with innovation when it happens? Do we have a way to anticipate innovation? Most importantly, do we have a systematic methodology for identifying such situations and meshing our clients' needs with the missions of the University and School and do all of this in a supportable, sustainable way? Unfortunately, in our particular situation, the answer was no.Having come to this realization, we needed to define the criteria that would frame our policies for emerging technology; the primary goal of emerging technology policies should reflect that this equipment should forward the mission of the School of Education cannot interfere with the normal operation of supported equipment. The policies should also reflect the fact that technology ages quickly and has a life cycle.
Economic Impact of Zebra Chip Control Costs on Grower Returns in Seven US States

Zebra Chip (ZC) disease exposes growers to the risk of large economic losses. Enterprise budgets are developed to evaluate how the competitive position of eight major US potato producing regions could be impacted by ZC infestations. When using three year (2010–2012) average marketing year prices for “all potatoes” and three year average (2010–2012) yields obtained from USDA-NASS, results highlight the inability of Pacific Northwest growers to sustain a profit if they adopt a routine insecticide program for ZC protection that begins at plant emergence. The uncertain threat of psyllid control costs are also considered within the context of processor contract price negotiations.
Building a self-regulatory model of sleep deprivation and deception: The role of caffeine and social influence

Employees are getting less sleep, which has been shown to deplete self-regulatory resources and increase unethical behavior (Barnes, Schaubroeck, Huth, & Ghumman, 2011; Christian & Ellis, 2011). In this study, we extend the original mediated model by examining the role of 2 moderators in the relationship between sleep deprivation, depletion, and deceptive behavior. First, we derive psychological arguments from the psychopharmacology literature to hypothesize that caffeine moderates the relationship between sleep deprivation and depletion by replenishing self-regulatory resources. Second, we draw from recent research in social psychology to hypothesize that social influence moderates the relationship between depletion and deceptive behavior, such that depleted individuals are less able to resist the negative influence of others. Results of a laboratory study provide support for our expanded model combining mediation and moderation, adding to our understanding of the role of sleep deprivation in the incidence of workplace deception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
Producing More with Less? Community Forestry in Durango, Mexico in an Era of Trade Liberalization*

Through a qualitative case study of peasant-organized forestry in Durango, Mexico, this paper examines how neoliberal policy reform is reshaping the community forestry sector. Post-1992 agrarian and forestry laws facilitate the emergence of new forms of association in ejidos (collective property communities created by agrarian reform) and agrarian communities, and reorganize the delivery of forestry technical services. These developments indirectly undermine peasants' capacity to deal with the sector's long-standing internal problems, putting at risk their ability to provide themselves with the services they need for sustainable community livelihoods and forest exploitation. Nevertheless, this study of a forest peasant federation shows that institutional change is a process peopled by groups of social agents who respond creatively to external structure from local organizational and community contexts. Ethnographic methods can be used fruitfully to study complex interactions between multiple levels of political-economic structure and local action, which both constrain and provide opportunities for the organization of common-pool resource management regimes.
From Comfort Zone to Contact Zone: Lessons from a Belfast Writing Centre

American writing center director Kathleen Shine Cain analyzes the transformative experience of spending a year in a Belfast writing centre, resulting in a renewed appreciation of cross-national and cross-cultural partnerships. Although American writing center theory and pedagogy have informed the development of centers in Europe, Asia, and Africa, those centers have developed practices reflective of their unique academic and national cultures. Perhaps even more significantly, dialogue among centers throughout the world has resulted in an opportunity for writing centers in the United States to reinvigorate themselves, to interrogate both their practices and the theories underpinning those practices — and to appreciate more fully their responsibility in dismantling oppressive institutional practices.