cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural Basis of Moral Elevation Demonstrated through Inter-Subject Synchronization of Cortical Activity during Free-Viewing

Background Most research investigating the neural basis of social emotions has examined emotions that give rise to negative evaluations of others (e.g. anger, disgust). Emotions triggered by the virtues and excellences of others have been largely ignored. Using fMRI, we investigated the neural basis of two “other-praising" emotions – Moral Elevation (a response to witnessing acts of moral beauty), and Admiration (which we restricted to admiration for physical skill). Methodology/Principal Findings Ten participants viewed the same nine video clips. Three clips elicited moral elevation, three elicited admiration, and three were emotionally neutral. We then performed pair-wise voxel-by-voxel correlations of the BOLD signal between individuals for each video clip and a separate resting-state run. We observed a high degree of inter-subject synchronization, regardless of stimulus type, across several brain regions during free-viewing of videos. Videos in the elevation condition evoked significant inter-subject synchronization in brain regions previously implicated in self-referential and interoceptive processes, including the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and insula. The degree of synchronization was highly variable over the course of the videos, with the strongest synchrony occurring during portions of the videos that were independently rated as most emotionally arousing. Synchrony in these same brain regions was not consistently observed during the admiration videos, and was absent for the neutral videos. Conclusions/Significance Results suggest that the neural systems supporting moral elevation are remarkably consistent across subjects viewing the same emotional content. We demonstrate that model-free techniques such as inter-subject synchronization may be a useful tool for studying complex, context dependent emotions such as self-transcendent emotion.
Buckling of structures with finite prebuckling deformations—a perturbation, finite element analysis

Abstract In some technically important structures, finite prebuckling displacements have a profound effect on the bifurcation load. To ignore these displacements, as is done in most instability analyses, is to invite major errors, usually on the unsafe side. A method is presented which approximates this effect without the necessity of solving nonlinear equations. The general theory is developed for any elastic body under conservative loads. The governing equations are subsequently discretized by a finite element approach and it is shown that for planar framed structures, the second order approximation to the buckling load can be found in terms of the standard linear and geometric stiffness matrices of structural analysis; the solution procedure does not require iterations. For illustrative purposes, a computer program was developed for planar structures and the results are compared to the exact solution for the buckling of shallow circular arches.
Flowering Behaviour of Vanilla

THE vines of Vanilla planifolia Andrews will climb to heights of 60 ft. or more, if provided with a sufficiently tall support plant. The vine must therefore be trained to a height convenient for pollination and harvesting in the commercial production of vanilla. The prevention of the natural tendency to climb is thought to enhance the production of flowers1. It is believed that flowering will not occur as long as the vine can climb upward2–7. Childers3 suggests that “bending of vine appears to be an important factor in causing it to flower and fruit beyond the bend, which may be due to an accumulation of carbohydrates and possibly other flower-forming materials in this region of the vine”.
Telephony based speech technology—From laboratory visions to customer applications

This paper describes how research into Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text to Speech Synthesis (TTS) is being widely applied within the UK telephone network. It compares and contrasts telephony based speech technology with that used in non-telephony based applications and describes some of the special problems associated with integrating these into the existing telephone network. In particular, it highlights the main issues concerned with providing flexible, yet robust, multiple channel systems and shows how this has been achieved on a commercial speech platform. Finally, it describes how the platform has been used to deliver a number of advanced services including CallMinderTM and MeterLinkTM and how it is now being used to trial larger vocabulary applications.
Computerized inspection of real surfaces and minimization of their deviations

A method is developed for the minimization of gear tooth surface deviations between theoretical and real surfaces for the improvement of precision of surface manufacture. Coordinate measurement machinery is used to determine a grid of surface coordinates. Theoretical calculations are made for the grid points. A least-square method is used to minimize the deviations between real and theoretical surfaces by altering the manufacturing machine-tool settings. An example is given for a hypoid gear.
Sonographic discrimination between benign and malignant breast lesions with use of disparity processing.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to evaluate whether a digital processing technique called disparity processing (DP) can improve the differentiation between benign and malignant breast masses at ultrasound (US) and, thus, reduce the number of benign lesions being sampled for biopsy. Materials and Methods During an US examination, a sonographer slightly varies the pressure of the probe on the breast surface. DP can be used to evaluate pairs of B scans that represent the different parts of this compression cycle. The apparent displacement of the tissue is measured with DP, and a new image, called a correlation map, is constructed. This new image illustrates the similarity between the speckle patterns around each point. The authors evaluated 25 solid lesions with DP. Results were compared with those from ( a ) histologic examination of specimens obtained with core or surgical biopsy or ( b ) cytologic examination of specimens obtained with fine-needle aspiration. Results All 25 lesions were correctly diagnosed with DP. There were no false-positive or false-negative findings. All malignancies demonstrated a relatively low-brightness halo around the lesion perimeter with evidence of discontinuity. All benign lesions were associated with relatively high-brightness, continuous halos. Conclusion The results suggest that DP can help differentiate benign from malignant masses.
The role of the biostatistician in cancer research

This article considers triumphs and challenges for biostatisticians working in oncology at the beginning of the 21st century. The impact of three major articles in biostatistics in the 20th century is considered: Cornfield's 1951 paper on estimating comparative rates from clinical data; Mantel and Haenszel's 1959 paper on obtaining summary measures of relative risk, adjusting for stratification factors in epidemiological studies; and D. R. Cox's 1972 paper, which developed the proportional hazards model for evaluating the effect of covariates on survival time outcomes. Biostatistical challenges for the 21st century are considered for the areas of clinical trials, survival analysis, and statistical genetics.
Sam Greenhouse's years at the Census Bureau and the UNRRA

Sam Greenhouse joined the Census Bureau as a clerk at an interesting time period for the agency. The first use of sampling in the decennial census occurred in 1940. There was a major expansion of the amount of data collected. The organization of the Census Bureau underwent radical changes, including the growth of the Population Division of which Greenhouse was a part, and the Office of Statistical Assistant was established. After the 1940 census Greenhouse was also part of a new intercensal program which became the forerunner of today's Current Population Survey, and was on hand for the transition of the physical location of the agency from Washington D.C. to Suitland, Maryland. After America's entry into World War II, Sam Greenhouse left the Census Bureau and worked with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), designed to manage the support and eventual repatriation of refugees who would come under Allied control at the war's end. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normothermic Rapid Volume Replacement in Vascular Catastrophes Using the Infuser 37

Twenty patients (Group 1) with a mean age of 38.5 ± 16 years and an admission Trauma Score of 7.26 ± 5.9, suffered 27 vascular injuries and were resuscitated with the infuser 37 (IN-37) with an integral heat exchanger. Admission systolic BP averaged 46.47 mmHg (seven with absent vital signs). A mean of 7,030 ml of blood, 3,313 ml of colloid and 13,630 ml of crystalloid per patient was given in
Quaternary ice transport in the Canadian Arctic and extent of Late Wisconsinan Glaciation in the Queen Elizabeth Islands

Most of the ice-rafted debris in channels off the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, is of local origin, particularly in the inner part of the archipelago, but samples from the Arctic shelf contain as much as 40% grains from sources as far away as 2000 km, including the Siberian shelves. Particle transport by drifting sea ice from distant shelves is an important process on the Arctic continental shelf of the Queen Elizabeth Islands. In the interior of the Queen Elizabeth Islands and in the Viscount Melville and Lancaster sounds, particle transport is limited to distances of approximately 200 km. Mixing is more common among grains of coarse silt to fine sand than in the >250 µm fraction, but even the latter contains debris from sources far apart. During the Late Wisconsinan, the northern, southern, and eastern Queen Elizabeth Islands were covered by glaciers flowing radially from ice centers on the islands into the inter-island channels. Queens Channel was completely filled by ice, and a glacier lobe moved ...
Mutagenesis and repair deficiencies of Escherichia coli umuC mutants are suppressed by the plasmid pKM101.

The presence of the drug resistance plasmid pKM101 restored the ability of Escherichia coli umuC mutant strains to be mutated by methyl methanesulfonate. Inducible (Weigle) reactivation of ultravioletirradiated bacteriophage λ was not observed in uvrA6 umuC mutant strains lacking pKM101 but was observed if the plasmid was present in the strains. In a uvrA+umuC36 strain pKM101 increased the efficiency of the Weigle reactivation process. Plasmidmediated UV-resistance and plasmid-mediated phage reactivation were observed in umuC(pKM101) strains both in uvrA+and uvrA6 backgrounds. No restoration of methyl methanesulfonate mutability by pKM101 was observed in umuC36 recA56 strains. pKM101 mutants unable to enhance mutagenesis in umuC+backgrounds also had no effect on methyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in umuC mutant strains. Neither a umuC mutation nor the presence of pKM101 affected the UV induction of protein X, the recA protein. Hypotheses relating the mode of action of pKM101 to the processes of mutagenesis and inducible phage reactivation are discussed.
Metal-insulator transition in NiS 2 − x Se x and the local impurity self-consistent approximation model

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements on ${\mathrm{NiS}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{x}$ single crystals show the evolution of a narrow band near the Fermi level, which develops in the vicinity of the correlation-driven metal-insulator transition. To model the metal-insulator transition, we use a two-band Hubbard model, which has been studied extensively to describe transition-metal compounds, and use a dynamical mean-field-theory approach. The ARPES data are in striking qualitative agreement with the predictions of the model. Comparison of our data to the calculations suggests a possible mechanism for the metal-insulator transition with Se substitution in which both charge-transfer and hole-doping effects are present.
The Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome: Status of 205 Patients and Results of Treatment 2 Years after Onset

Objective: To describe the course of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome during a 2-year period. Design: 15 physicians completed a structured review form to describe symptoms, physical findings, labo...
Symmetrical adsorption thermodynamics. The noninert adsorbent

Abstract Adsorption thermodynamics may be developed in a manner that is symmetric. The quantities Δ G 1 , Δ H 1 and Δ S 1 exist, along with the quantities Δ G 2 , Δ H 2 = q st , and Δ S 2 (subscripts one and two denoting adsorbent and adsorbate, respectively) that are usually calculated. The formalism of Copeland and Young [Adv. Chem. 33, 348 (1961)] is used to calculate the entire set from the data of Drain and Morrison [Trans. Faraday Soc. 49, 654 (1953)] and from various common adsorption models. The Drain and Morrison data for nitrogen on rutile could be fit with a set of eight Langmuirian patches. Importantly, the fit was based on the calorimetric heat of adsorption data as providing more precision than the adsorption data in the region of high coverage. Eight patches were sufficient to fit the entire set of data in the submonolayer region to within experimental error; thus any attempt to discern a finer structure to the patch distribution would be illusory. The physical meaning of a Δ H 1 is discussed, as well as the nature of its relation to Δ H 2 . Experiments are described whereby direct measurement of Δ H 1 and of Δ G 1 might be possible.
Hope as a source of resilience in later adulthood

This research provided a preliminary investigation of how variations in trait and state hope are associated with positive adaptation to stress in later adulthood. Trait hope and neuroticism were measured by questionnaires and state hope, stress, and negative emotions were assessed daily for 45 days. Results from multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses suggested that daily hope provides protective benefits by keeping negative emotions low, while also contributing to adaptive recovery from stress. The dynamic linkages between daily hope, stress, and emotion were further moderated by individual differences in trait hope. Compared with those low in trait hope, high-hope individuals showed diminished stress reactivity and more effective emotional recovery.
Field-Enhanced REB Deposition and Bremsstrahlung Production

Recently developed models are employed to describe the interaction of a high-current relativistic electron beam with planar gold foils in the presence of macroscopic electromagnetic fields. It is shown that, under certain conditions, azimuthal magnetic fields which-either penetrate into the foil and/or exist on the transmission side of the foil can significantly enhance the specific power deposited in the foil over that which would be deposited for diode fields alone. Similar field effects suggest methods for improving the external conversion efficiencies, softening the spectra and focusing the source intensities of flash X-ray facilities. Finally, preliminary results are shown from a new trajectory-field model for self-consistent relativistic electron beam transport.
Uranium anomalies in paleo-aquifers near sandstone-type uranium deposits in the devonian catskill formation of Pennsylvania

Pirc, S. and Rose, A.W., 1981. Uranium anomalies in paleo-aquifers near sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Devonian Catskill Formation of Pennsylvania. In: A.W. Rose and H. Gundlach (Editors), Geochemical Exploration 1980. J. Geochem. Explor., 15: 219–231. Background values of U and Th in 371 clastic sedimentary rocks from the Catskill Formation correlate negatively with Si and positively with Al and most other major elements because of the low content of U and Th in quartz and the relative enrichment in clays, Fe oxides, and other fine-grained components. Background U also correlates closely with Th. Similar results are obtained from 100 samples from western Colorado near the Uravan mineral belt. Weak anomalies in U are much more easily recognized by study of residuals or deviations from regressions of U against Al or Th than in the raw data. At Penn Haven Junction near Jim Thorpe, Pa., roll-type uranium deposits similar to those in Wyoming are localized around an iron-stained paleo-aquifer of conglomeratic sandstone. Twenty-four rock samples from this paleo-aquifer contain 1–12 ppm U; eight of the samples contain less than 4 ppm U, the background level for shales of the area. Uranium residuals from regressions against Al or Th are clearly anomalous for all samples. Experiments on another group of samples suggest that readily extractable U (H2O2-acetic acid leach) would also show the paleo-aquifer to be anomalous. Anomalies of this type in paleo-aquifers should be useful in evaluation of drill holes, outcrops, and radiometric data in prospective districts, especially when paleo-aquifers are difficult to recognize visually. The anomalies also indicate that U is added to sandstones of the paleo-aquifer rather than leached out to form the ore bodies in reduced rocks at the margins of a geochemical cell.
Acceleration of tenderization/inhibition of warmed-over flavor by calcium chloride-antioxidant infusion into lamb carcasses.

Infusion of 0.3M calcium chloride plus 1% sodium ascorbate or 0.25% maltol into freshly slaughtered lambs resulted in acceleration of postmortem tenderization through activation of calcium dependent proteases, inhibition of lipid oxidation and retardation of warmed-over flavor on ground cooked patties from their meat. After storage 2 days at 4°C, patties from lamb carcasses treated with antioxidants retained more desirable flavor characteristics (meaty and musty/herby) of lamb, and had less off-flavor (painty and cardboardy) intensities.
The response of the medalist

MY feelings at this moment are very mixed. Naturally, I am very proud to receive the John Fritz Medal, an honor that rightly is very highly regarded in the engineering field. But I have also a feeling of very deep humility, for I know, better than anyone else possibly can, that the engineering accomplishments which this presentation today recognizes were brought about not by me, but by the cooperative effort of the hundreds—yes, thousands—of my associates, most of whom are, or have been, part of the engineering organization of the General Electric Company in which I spent my active business life. I wish all of them could be here today and participate in this recognition, which so largely belongs to them.
Neural-network-integrated electronic nose system for identification of spoiled beef

Abstract A commercially available Cyranose-320™ conducting polymer-based electronic nose system was used to analyse the headspace from fresh beef strip loins (M. Longissimus lumborum ) stored at 4° and 10 °C. The raw signals obtained from the electronic nose system were pre-processed by various signal-processing techniques to extract area-based features. Principal component analysis was subsequently performed on the processed signals to further reduce the dimensionalities. Classification models using radial basis function neural networks were developed using the extracted features. The performance of the developed models was validated using leave-1-out cross-validation method. The developed models classified meat samples stored at two storage temperatures into two groups, i.e., “unspoiled” (microbial counts 10 cfu/g) and “spoiled” (microbial counts ⩾6.0 log 10 cfu/g). Maximum total classification accuracies of 100% were obtained for both the samples stored at 10 and 4 °C. Classification models based on “Area scaled” feature showed higher accuracies than that obtained using “Area unscaled feature.”
The local environments of low-redshift quasars and powerful radio galaxies

The local environments of 31 low-redshift QSOs and 35 powerful radio galaxies (PRGs) are studied on the basis of V and R CCD frames processed to generate catalogs of companion galaxies. The PRGs and radio-loud QSOs are noted to inhabit regions whose local galaxy densities are similar to normal giant ellipticals and 3-4 times less dense than the regions inhabited by lower power radio-loud elliptical galaxies. The brightest companion galaxy is on average about 2 mag dimmer than the QSO host galaxy or PRG. Attention is given to the implications of these results for theories of the origin of nuclear activity, as well as the relationship between various classes of active galaxies and QSOs.
Timing of the Presentation of Urethrocutaneous Fistulas After Hypospadias Repair in Pediatric Patients

Purpose: We evaluated the timing of the presentation of urethrocutaneous fistulas after hypospadias repair and the development of recurrent urethrocutaneous fistulas after prior fistula repair.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients with urethrocutaneous fistulas following hypospadias repair who were seen from 1995 to 2005. Age at hypospadias repair, hypospadias level, hypospadias repair type, time when the parent/patient noted the fistula, date/type of fistula repair, time when fistula recurrence was noticed, date/type of secondary repair and date of last followup were documented.Results: A total of 26 patients with urethrocutaneous fistula were seen, of whom 15 had undergone at least 1 prior operation elsewhere. Of the patients 58% and 61% with fistulas following hypospadias repair and recurrent fistulas following the initial fistula, respectively, presented in the immediate postoperative period. Of the patients 23% with initial fistulas presented more than 2 years after hypospadia...
A New Replay Attack Against Anonymous Communication Networks

Tor is a real-world, circuit-based low-latency anonymous communication network, supporting TCP applications on the Internet. In this paper, we present a new class of attack, the replay attack, against Tor. Compared with other existing attacks, the replay attack can confirm communication relationships quickly and accurately and poses a serious threat against Tor. In this attack, a malicious entry onion router duplicates cells of a stream from a sender. The original cell and duplicate cell traverse middle onion routers and arrive at an exit onion router along a circuit. Since Tor uses the counter mode AES (AES-CTR) for encryption of cells, the duplicate cell disrupts the normal counter at middle and exit onion routers and the decryption at the exit onion router incurs cell recognition errors. If an accomplice of the attacker at the entry onion router controls the exit onion router and detects such decryption errors, the communication relationship between the sender and receiver will be discovered. The replay attack can also be used as a denial of service attack. We implement the replay attack on Tor and our experiments validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the attack. We also present guidelines to defending against the replay attack.
Static output feedback simultaneous stabilisation via coordinates transformations with free variables

This study deals with simultaneous stabilisation of linear time-invariant systems via static output feedback by designing transformations of state vectors that contain free variables. The transformations reformulate each system as two interconnected systems, and one of the isolated subsystem is stabilised by choosing the free variable as a style of state feedback. Then the common feedback gain matrix can be determined if a linear matrix inequality system is feasible. This method does not concern any reduction or enlargement of matrix inequalities, and is effective for non-minimum phase systems. Numerical examples show the validity of the proposed algorithms for both continuous and discrete systems.
Path delays in communication networks

A communication network is modelled by a weighted graph. The vertices of the graph represent stations with storage capabilities, while the edges of the graph represent communication channels (or other information processing media). Channel capacity weights are assigned to the edges of the network. The network is assumed to operate in a store-and-forward manner, so that when a channel is busy the messages directed into it are stored at the station, joining there a queue which is governed by a first-come first-served service discipline.
Dietary cellulose, wheat bran, and fish meal in relation to hepatic lipids, serum lipids, and lipid excretion in laying hens.

Abstract Isonitrogenous diets supplemented with 10% cellulose, 10% wheat bran, or 10% fish meal were fed to White Leghorn hens from 245 to 322 days of age. Neither body weights nor egg production of the hens fed these diets differed significantly from those of controls fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Supplemental fish meal and wheat bran did not significantly affect liver weight or liver lipids, although serum lipids of the hens fed the diet containing fish meal were significantly lower than those of the hens fed the basal diet. The hens fed the cellulose-supplemented diet, however, exhibited significantly decreased liver weights, serum lipids, and liver lipids, which were accompanied by a significant increase in excreta lipid. It is speculated that lipid excretion may be involved in some dietary induced alterations in the hepatic lipid concentration of laying chickens.
Technic and Application of Roller Tube Cultures

The roller tube method of tissue culture permits the prolonged cultivation of tissue in the active state without explantation, and, when virus is added to the culture, offers a means of studying the virus-cell relationship for extended periods. The tissue may be readily observed in situ. The method employs tissue fragments which are fastened to the inner wall of a test tube by imbedding the tissue in a plasma coagulum. A small amount of nutrient material in the liquid state is added. The culture is then rotated continuously in the horizontal position, alternately bathing the tissue in nutrient fluid and exposing it to the gaseous content of the tube. Fresh nutrient fluid is added when desired, and the gaseous environment of the tissue can be controlled. The culture may be infected with virus either when it is originally assembled or at any subsequent time. Nutrient fluid or bits of tissue may be removed for examination at will. However, the apparatus for continuous rotation of the culture requires considerable care and attention, and meticulous aseptic technic is necessary to avoid bacterial contamination when changing nutrient fluid and gaseous content of the culture.
Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes in otoliths record spatial isolation of Patagonian toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides)

Abstract Strong contrasts in ambient isotope ratios and in diet suggest stable isotopes in the otoliths of oceanic fish can resolve water masses and geographic areas, promising a powerful multivariate approach for examining population structure and provenance. To test this, whole otoliths were taken from Patagonian toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides ) sampled off the Patagonian Shelf and South Georgia, on either side of a population boundary, and otolith δ 18 O and δ 13 C values were measured to see if they could distinguish South American-caught fish from those taken in the Antarctic. Values of otolith δ 18 O and δ 13 C predicted capture area with 100% success, validating their use for distinguishing provenance and corroborating the prior evidence of population isolation. Values of δ 18 O in the otoliths reflected ambient values as well as seawater temperature: low values in Patagonian Shelf fish were consistent with exposure to Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and high values in South Georgia fish were consistent with exposure to Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). In contrast, differences in otolith δ 13 C appeared to reflect diet: relative depletion of otolith δ 13 C at South Georgia compared to the Patagonian Shelf were most likely linked to differences in sources of metabolic carbon, as well as δ 13 C in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of seawater. These contrasting properties strongly suggest that stable isotopes can resolve the provenance of toothfish from Antarctic sampling areas that hitherto have been difficult to separate. These results show that, by using the chemistry recorded in otoliths, researchers can exploit biogeochemical variation in fully marine environments to examine the spatial ecology of oceanic fish.
Migration, Sexual Exploitation, and Women's Health A Case Report From a Community Health Center

An estimated 50,000 women and children are annually trafficked into the United States, resulting in complex health and social consequences and significant risk for violence. This article presents a case of a trafficked woman identified in the U.S. health system and describes the vulnerabilities to forced prostitution as a result of trafficking and the challenges in providing an effective and comprehensive response to meet safety and health care needs. Health care providers are in a unique position to identify and support U.S. sex trafficking victims; thus, education and training for health care professionals on trafficking is needed.
Classroom Management in Inclusive Settings

The inclusion of children with disabilities in general education classes provides an opportunity for teachers to identify classroom management policies and practices that promote diversity and community. Community-building management strategies that facilitate friendships, collaboration, parent involvement, and address challenging behaviors in a positive, proactive, and educative manner are consistent with the goals of inclusive education. In addition, in order to develop a truly inclusive school community, management policies and practices that are inconsistent with inclusive education–such as exclusionary discipline policies–need to be addressed by teachers and administrators.
A compartmental model reveals a mechanism for misregulation of neutrophil trafficking in sepsis

SAP 133 ± 4 42 ± 8 ⁎⁎⁎ 36 ± 8 ⁎⁎⁎ 77 ± 3 ⁎⁎ RRI 759 ± 46 601 ± 45 428 ± 43 ⁎⁎ 435 ± 39 ⁎⁎ LLE 0.04 ± 0.008 0.01 ± 0.003 ⁎⁎ 0.02 ± 0.004 ⁎ 0.03 ± 0.009 SampEn 1.50 ± 0.19 1.26 ± 0.10 1.42 ± 0.07 1.43 ± 0.17 ApEn 1.27 ± 0.12 1.19 ± 0.06 1.29 ± 0.04 1.28 ± 0.10 FDCL 1.81 ± 0.07 1.63 ± 0.05 1.72 ± 0.03 1.74 ± 0.07 StatAv 0.92 ± 0.05 0.98 ± 0.05 1.0 ± 0.02 0.88 ± 0.09 ⁎ P b .05. ⁎⁎ P b .01. ⁎⁎⁎ P b .001. e29 Meeting Abstracts for the Society for Complexity in Acute Illness (SCAI)
Delivery of liposome membrane-associated sterols through silastic membranes.

Abstract The transport of sterols incorporated into the lecithin bilayer of small unilamellar liposomes through a model membrane was studied. A two-chamber diffusion cell containing liposomes with incorporated [4-14C]cholesterol or β-[4-14C]sitosterol in the donor chamber and liposomes with unlabeled cholesterol in the receiver chamber was used. The permeability coefficients of the sterols through silastic rubber membranes which served as a model membrane were measured. The permeability for cholesterol incorporated into liposomes in a phosphatidyl choline/cholesterol molar ratio of 1 : 1, produced by sonication for 1 h, and subsequent centrifugation at 100000 × g for 1 h, was 1.6 · 10−8 cm sec−1. Dilution of the liposome suspension did not change the permeability coefficient significantly. The permeability coefficient of sitosterol incorporated into liposomes was about 4-times smaller than that of cholesterol. These results suggest that the sterols were delivered to the silastic membrane by the intact liposomes and that free solute was not involved in the transport to the membrane to a significant degree. The large differences in the permeability coefficients between cholesterol and sitosterol indicate that an aqueous interfacial barrier was crossed by the sterol during the delivery to the membrane.
Evidence-Based Instruction Is Not Enough: Strategies for Increasing Instructional Efficiency.

Even evidence-based instructional methods may not be sufficient for closing achievement gaps. If teachers are not maximizing instructional time, achievement gaps are likely to widen over time; ther...
School violence and bullying among sexual minority high school students, 2009-2011.

Purpose: School-based victimization has short- and long-term implications for the health and academic lives of sexual minority students. This analysis assessed the prevalence and relative risk of school violence and bullying among sexual minority and heterosexual high school students. Methods: Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 10 states and 10 large urban school districts that assessed sexual identity and had weighted data in the 2009 and/or 2011 cycle were combined to create two large population-based data sets, one containing state data and one containing district data. Prevalence of physical fighting, being threatened or injured with a weapon, weapon carrying, and being bullied on school property and not going to school because of safety concerns was calculated. Associations between these behaviors and sexual identity were identified. Results: In the state data, sexual minority male students were at greater risk for being threatened or injured with a weapon, not going to school because of safety concerns and being bullied than heterosexual male students. Sexual minority female students were at greater risk than heterosexual female students for all five behaviors. In the district data, with one exception, sexual minority male and female students were at greater risk for all five behaviors than heterosexual students. Conclusions: Sexual minority students still routinely experience more school victimization than their heterosexual counterparts. The implementation of comprehensive, evidence-based programs and policies has the ability to reduce school violence and bullying, especially among sexual minority students.
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Structures under Natural and Human-Made Hazards: Special Issue

This month’s Journal is a special issue on Precast/Prestressed Concrete Structures under Natural and Human-Made Hazards. Topics covered include the analysis, testing, behavior, and design of precast/prestressed concrete structures under earthquakes, blast, and impact; prestressed masonry; progressive collapse; code requirements; and recent developments in precast/ prestressed concrete structures under extreme loading conditions. The special issue consists of 18 papers organized into the following sections: Frame Buildings, Wall Buildings, Floor Diaphragms, and Bridge Structures.
A Matrix Metalloproteinase Induction/Activation System Exists in the Human Left Ventricular Myocardium and Is Upregulated in Heart Failure

Background—Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to matrix remodeling in disease states such as tumor metastases. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) has been reported to...
Assessing Human Impact of Organizational Crises: Reliability and Validity of the Triage Assessment Scale for Organizations (TAS:O)

The present study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Triage Assessment Survey: Organizations (TAS:O), a 27-item, 5-point, Likert summated rating scale. One hundred and seventeen participants responded to the TAS:O after reading mild, moderate, marked and severe organizational crisis scenarios. The overall Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were both .93. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three factors, supporting the hypothesis that the TAS:O is comprised of three distinct factors (i.e., Affect, Behavior, and Cognition). An analysis of variance provided evidence that the TAS:O has the capacity to distinguish among mild, moderate, marked, and severe crises. Because this research is the first to evaluate the TAS:O, further studies are needed to strengthen confidence in the psychometric properties of this scale.
Control designs for low-loss active magnetic bearings

Highly efficient electromechanical flywheel batteries (FWBs) require the use of low-loss active magnetic bearings (AMBs). Since the losses in the FWB, and in AMB itself, are proportional to the square of the electromagnet flux, it is imperative to minimize the bias flux (or current) customarily used in the AMB control design. The low-bias requirement impacts the control design in two ways: (1) the constraint imposed between the electromagnets which compose an AMB control axis must be modified to handle zero-bias operation (2) the standard (necessarily nonlinear) control laws used for voltage-mode low-loss AMB operation' must be modified to avoid control algorithm singularities. This paper illustrates the experimental implementation of a generalized complementary flux constraint to address the first impact. This constraint relies on a DC flux estimation technique that does not use unwieldy Hall-effect sensors. Furthermore, passivity theory is used to remove the zero-bias control law singularity. Experimental evidence supports this claim from a time and frequency domain perspective
Efficient computation of current in multiwire Z-pinch arrays

This paper presents a fast, memory efficient, and accurate method to calculate the current distributions in solid wires in wire z-pinch arrays. Building upon previous work, we reformulate inductance equations to significantly reduce the number of variables from N/sub w/xN/sub b/ to N/sub w/+N/sub b/-1, where N/sub w/ is the number of wires and N/sub b/ is the number of return conductor elements, or "backposts". Test cases of N/sub w/ and N/sub b/ in the hundreds show reduction of computing time by as much as five orders of magnitude. Extension of this inductive model to include resistive effects is indicated.
Common variants in polygenic schizophrenia

Common variant single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the MHC locus have recently been associated with schizophrenia. Together with known associations with rare copy-number variants affecting many genes, this reveals the highly polygenic etiology of the disease.
Assessing personality traits of individuals with mental retardation.

Abstract Psychometric properties for a new instrument, the EZ-Personality Questionnaire designed to assess the functioning of students with cultural–familial mental retardation, are presented. The analysis of data from 661 participants yielded a 37-item, seven-scale instrument that confirmed the five hypothesized factors of Positive Reaction Tendency, Negative Reaction Tendency, Effectance Motivation, Expectancy of Success, and Outerdirectedness and identified two additional factors of Curiosity/Creativity and Obedience. Separate studies were conducted to establish the concurrent and construct validity of the instrument. Reliability was examined through split-half and test–retest analyses. All psychometric indices were within acceptable levels, resulting in an instrument with potential applications in research, education, and clinical settings.
A computationally efficient FIR MMSE-DFE for CCI-impaired dispersive channels

Fast algorithms for the computation of the FIR MMSE-DFE in the presence of ISI, CCI, and colored noise are presented. Substantial reductions in computational complexity are achieved by using the powerful analytical tools of Cholesky factorization and displacement structure to fully exploit the structure of the problem. Both symbol-spaced and fractionally spaced feedforward filters are considered. Finally, we give a detailed complexity evaluation of the proposed algorithm for scenarios typical of the US TDMA digital cellular standard IS-54.
MARKET TRANSACTION COSTS IN INDUSTRIALIZATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

. This paper presents a unified theory of growth involving human capital accumulation, labour specialization, market expansion and falling fertility rates. The model suggests that these processes, often analysed separately, are intimately linked. The accumulation of specialized human capital increases the gains to labour specialization, leading agents to increase their participation in markets and reduce time spent at home. This raises the opportunity cost of child raising, lowering fertility rates. The model suggests a central role for market transaction costs in determining the timing and rate of fertility declines linked to rising income.
Site preference and magnetic properties of Ga/In-substituted strontium hexaferrite: An ab initio study

The first-principles density functional theory has been used to study Ga/In-substituted strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19). Based on the calculation of the substitution energy of Ga and In in SrFe12O19 and the formation probability analysis, we conclude that in SrFe12−xGaxO19 the substituted Ga atoms prefer to occupy the 12k, 2a, and 4f1 sites, while In atoms in SrFe12−xInxO19 occupy the 12k, 4f2, and 4f1 sites. We used the site occupation probabilities to calculate the magnetic properties of the substituted SrFe12O19. It was found that as the fraction of Ga atoms in SrFe12−xGaxO19 increases, the saturation magnetization (Ms) as well as magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) decrease, while the anisotropy field (Ha) increases. In the case of SrFe12−xInxO19, Ms, MAE, and Ha decrease with an increase of the concentration of In atoms.
Comparative ecophysiology of bloom-forming macroalgae in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Ulva lactuca, Hypnea musciformis, and Gracilaria tikvahiae

Abstract Macroalgal blooms are ecological responses to nutrient enrichment in shallow seagrass-dominated estuaries. For decades the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) a biodiverse estuary in east-central Florida, has experienced persistent blooms of red drift macroalgae, including Gracilaria and Hypnea spp. Since 2013, extensive blooms of green macroalgae, such as Chaetomorpha and Ulva spp., have developed. To better understand IRL nutrient effects on bloom-forming macroalgae, field and laboratory studies (2012) assessed nitrogen (N) versus phosphorus (P) limitation and morphological/physiological characteristics in relatively urbanized (Titusville, FL) versus rural (Fort Pierce, FL) IRL segments. Field studies indicated Ulva lactuca, Hypnea musciformis, and Gracilaria tikvahiae all grew fastest in Titusville (average ± SD; 0.49 ± 0.07, 0.35 ± 0.03, and 0.14 ± 0.05 doublings d− 1, respectively). However, U. lactuca had the most rapid biomass doubling time (2 days). Laboratory nutrient enrichment assays revealed 3-fold increases in rapid light curve (RLC) maximum values and 2-fold faster growth at high concentrations of N and P for U. lactuca. This superior growth and photosynthesis was attributed to higher surface area:volume ratios averaging (± coefficients of variation, %) 565.2 ± 2.15 cm2 g dry wt.− 1 compared to lower ratios for H. musciformis (110.7 ± 3.97 cm2 g dry wt.− 1) and G. tikvahiae (91.1 ± 1.81 cm2 g dry wt.− 1). Finely- and coarsely-branched H. musciformis and G. tikvahiae were similar photosynthetically but not morphologically based on a functional/form model. These data provide a physiological basis explaining bloom distributions and the recent success of green macroalgae in the increasingly eutrophic IRL.
Roles of Caveolin-1 in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertrophy and Inward Remodeling of Cerebral Pial Arterioles

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major determinant of inward remodeling and hypertrophy in pial arterioles that may have an important role in stroke during chronic hypertension. Previously, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor is critical in Ang II-mediated hypertrophy that may involve caveolin-1 (Cav-1). In this study, we examined the effects of Cav-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) on Ang II-mediated structural changes in pial arterioles. Cav-1-deficient (Cav-1(-/-)), MMP9-deficient (MMP9(-/-)), and wild-type mice were infused with either Ang II (1000 ng/kg per minute) or saline via osmotic minipumps for 28 days (n=6-8 per group). Systolic arterial pressure was measured by a tail-cuff method. Pressure and diameter of pial arterioles were measured through an open cranial window in anesthetized mice. Cross-sectional area of the wall was determined histologically in pressurized fixed pial arterioles. Expression of Cav-1, MMP9, phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, and Akt was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Deficiency of Cav-1 or MMP9 did not affect Ang II-induced hypertension. Ang II increased the expression of Cav-1, phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, and Akt in wild-type mice, which was attenuated in Cav-1(-/-) mice. Ang II-induced hypertrophy, inward remodeling, and increased MMP9 expression in pial arterioles were prevented in Cav-1(-/-) mice. Ang II-mediated increases in MMP9 expression and inward remodeling, but not hypertrophy, were prevented in MMP9(-/-) mice. In conclusion, Cav-1 is essential in Ang II-mediated inward remodeling and hypertrophy in pial arterioles. Cav-1-induced MMP9 is exclusively involved in inward remodeling, not hypertrophy. Further studies are needed to determine the role of Akt in Ang II-mediated hypertrophy.
Unique effects of spindle inhibitors on mammalian oocyte meiosis.

The effects of Nocodazole, reported to be a rapidly reversible inhibitor of microtubules in somatic cells ( 1 ), and Colcemid, a classic microtubule inhibitor, were studied for their effects on mouse and cow oocyte in vitro meiotic resumption. When present throughout the maturation period to Metaphase II/Polar Body I, both compounds predictably inhibited progression at Metaphase I (MI). An unexpected effect was seen on mouse germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) with both inhibitors, but not in cow oocytes tested with Nocodazole. Recovery from Nocodazole was notably retarded in mouse oocytes even with brief exposure times. Addition of 1 pg/ml of Nocodazole 10 min after commencement of mouse and cow oocyte incubation was sufficient time to allow normal GVB, while inhibition at MI still took place suggesting that the critical events of GVB occur very quickly in vitro. o 1985 Society for
Foliar Persistence and Effect of Fenoxycarb on Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Apple

Bioassays were conducted to examine the residual activity of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb, at two rates (20 and 40 ppm), against eggs and late instars of the tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). Both rates of fenoxycarb showed very good larvicidal activity 3-4 wk after application. Fenoxycarb had no effect on P. idaeusalis eggs. Field trials conducted over 2 yr showed that fenoxycarb provided control of P. idaeusalis equivalent to conventional insecticides, but with fewer applications. Fenoxycarb did not affect integrated mite control, but indirect evidence suggested a possible detrimental effect on immatures of Stethorus punctum (LeConte).
Estimating the Propagation of Interdependent Cascading Outages With Multi-Type Branching Processes

In this paper, the multitype branching process is applied to describe the statistics and interdependencies of line outages, the load shed, and isolated buses. The offspring mean matrix of the multitype branching process is estimated by the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and can quantify the extent of outage propagation. The joint distribution of two types of outages is estimated by the multitype branching process via the Lagrange-Good inversion. The proposed model is tested with data generated by the AC OPA cascading simulations on the IEEE 118-bus system. The largest eigenvalues of the offspring mean matrix indicate that the system is closer to criticality when considering the interdependence of different types of outages. Compared with empirically estimating the joint distribution of the total outages, good estimate is obtained by using the multitype branching process with a much smaller number of cascades, thus greatly improving the efficiency. It is shown that the multitype branching process can effectively predict the distribution of the load shed and isolated buses and their conditional largest possible total outages even when there are no data of them.