cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reversible fibroadenomatous mammary hyperplasia in male and female New Zealand white rabbits associated with cyclosporine A administration.

All male and female New Zealand white rabbits in a limbal cell graft study developed marked generalized mammary gland hypertrophy. Postprocedural medications included ophthalmic 0.1% dexamethasone,...
Toward a Longitudinal Analysis of Homelessness

This paper reports on the methods and findings of a six-month panel study of homeless individuals in a Midwest city. Patterns of homelessness are described, focusing on exits from and returns to homelessness as well as the types of dwellings obtained upon exit. The findings call into question (a) the commonly accepted proposition that homelessness involves the lack of a dwelling and ends as soon as a dwelling is attained, (b) prevalent characterizations of the typical length of homelessness, and (c) the claim that experience with homelessness profoundly alters the probability of a stable escape. Although a minority of individuals were able to locate and retain a dwelling, homelessness was most often part of a pattern of residential instability that also included frequent and relatively brief stays in dwellings.
Using Performance Monitoring to Improve the Accountability, Operations, and Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice:

The juvenile justice system has been transformed in recent years with a range of policies designed to hold youth accountable, but how does society hold this system accountable? Calls for governmental accountability are common, yet few jurisdictions can provide comprehensive information about the basic operations of juvenile justice and the effectiveness of system reforms. Most elements of the juvenile justice system operate on faith—managers and policy makers have to assume that their programs are based on sound evidence and that reform efforts are fully implemented with fidelity to their designs. Performance monitoring provides a way to address this situation, but it is unlikely to occur without a substantial commitment of resources. This article describes performance measurement and monitoring; their relevance for improving the accountability, operations, and effectiveness of juvenile justice; and three examples of how the techniques are currently being applied in the United States.
A general bijective algorithm for trees

Abstract Trees are combinatorial structures that arise naturally in diverse applications. They occur in branching decision structures, taxonomy, computer languages, combinatiorial optimization, parsing of sentences, and cluster expansions of statistical mechanics. Intuitively, a tree is a collection of branches connected at nodes. Formally, it can be defined as a connected graph without cycles. Schroder trees, introduced in this paper, are a class of trees for which the set of subtrees at any vertex is endowed with the structure of ordered partitions. An ordered partition is a partition of a set in which the blocks are linearly ordered. Labeled rooted trees and labeled planed trees are both special classes of Schroder trees. The main result gives a bijection between Schroder trees and forests of small trees--namely, rooted trees of height one. Using this bijection, it is easy to encode a Schroder tree by a sequence of integers. Several classical algorithms for trees, including a combinatorial proof of the Lagrange inversion formula, are immediate consequences of this bijection.
Dietary Pesticides and Contamination of Yolks and Abdominal Fat of Laying Hens

Abstract SURVEYS have shown that chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide contaminations are widespread and persist in the environment for several years following application. These pesticides are fat soluble, and tend to accumulate in the fatty tissues of hens and in the egg yolk. Hauver (1965) reported that the U.S.D.A. had tested more than 2,000 poultry fat samples for residues and found low levels in chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese of all ages and in all locations examined. Stadelman et al. (1965) found that exposure to the equivalent of 10 to 15 p.p.m. DDT resulted in 4.6 p.p.m. residue in the egg yolk. The residue remained for 26 weeks after removal of the pesticide from the diet. Many factors which affect pesticide metabolism have been studied in order to develop methods of hastening pesticide depletion from body tissues of poultry. The effects of force molting and dietary protein levels on pesticide depletion were studied…
Current strategies for early Hodgkin's disease

A small percentage (∼<10%) of patients present with minimal disease that is treatable with only mantle radiotherapy. The vast majority will present with apparent local disease but will have one or another poor prognostic features necessitating staging laparotomy if only mantle/para-aortic radiation therapy is the desired approach. Otherwise, more extensive radiation including splenic fields would be required or combined modality. The unanswered questions include : (1) definition of patients who require no adjunctive radiation therapy; (2) an assessment of the actual quantity of chemotherapy needed if complementary radiation therapy is to be added ; and (3) determination of whether 67 gallium/SPECT scan can provide a measure of the efficacy of chemotherapy. Finally, can a less toxic regimen be substituted for ABVD in the treatment of early stage disease ? Many of these questions are currently under investigation.
Active Terahertz Metamaterial Devices

We demonstrate THz metamaterials exhibiting either amplitude control, via carrier injection or depletion in the active semiconductor substrate or frequency control, via photoexcitation of carriers into active semiconducting materials incorporated into the sub-wavelength metamaterial structure.
STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF SPIROCHETES IV. THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE NICHOLS PATHOGENIC TREPONEMA PALLIDUM IN THE RABBIT TESTIS AS VISUALIZED BY MEANS OF STAINED SMEARS

Further evidence for the occurrence of a complex life cycle in the pathogenic Treponema pallidum as visualized by means of stained preparations is presented.
Targeted 18O-labeling for improved proteomic analysis of carbonylated peptides by mass spectrometry.

Proteomic characterization of carbonylated amino acid sites currently relies on confidently matching tandem mass spectra (MS) to peptides within a sequence database. Although effective to some degree, reliable proteomic characterization of carbonylated peptides using this approach remains a challenge needing new, complementary solutions. To this end, we developed a method based on partial 18O-labeling of reactive carbonyl modifications, which produces a unique isotope signature in mass spectra of carbonylated peptides and enables their detection without reliance on matching MS2 spectra to a peptide sequence. Key to our method were optimized measures for eliminating trypsin-catalyzed incorporation of 18O at peptide C-termini, and for stabilizing the incorporated O within the carbonyl modification to prevent its loss during liquid chromatography separation. Applying our method to a rat skeletal muscle homogenate treated with the carbonyl modification 4-hyroxynonenal (4-HNE), we demonstrated its compatibility with solid-phase hydrazide enrichment of carbonylated peptides from complex mixtures. Additionally, we demonstrated the value of 18O isotope signatures for confirming HNE-modified peptide sequences matched via sequence database searching, and identifying modified peptides missed by MS2 and/or sequence database searching. Combining our 18O-labeling method with a customized automated software script, we systematically evaluated for the first time the efficiency of MS2 and sequence database searching for identifying HNE-modified peptides. We estimated that less than half of the modified peptides selected for MS2 were successfully identified. Collectively, our method and software should provide valuable new tools for investigators studying protein carbonylation via mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
Crystalline Scaling Geometries from Vortex Lattices

We study magnetic geometries with Lifshitz and/or hyperscaling violation exponents (both with a hard wall cutoff in the IR and a smooth black brane horizon) which have a complex scalar field which couples to the magnetic field. The complex scalar is unstable to the production of a vortex lattice in the IR. The lattice is a normalizable mode which is relevant (i.e. grows into the IR.) When one considers linearized backreaction of the lattice on the metric and gauge field, the metric forms a crystalline structure. We analyze the scaling of the free energy, thermodynamic entropy, and entanglement in the lattice phase and find that in the smeared limit, the leading order correction to thermodynamic properties due to the lattice has the scaling behavior of a theory with a hyperscaling violation exponent between 0 and 1, indicating a flow to an effectively lower-dimensional theory in the deep IR.
Congenital pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, tricuspid insufficiency, and patent ductus arteriosus in two sibs

Pulmonary atresia comprises only 1% of all congenital heart defects. Counseling the parents on recurrence risks is difficult. We present a rare case of pulmonary atresia in two sibs, along with a review of the literature.
PULMONARY MANIFESTATIONS OF GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease and Related Disorders

Goodpasture's syndrome, or antiglomerular basement membrane disease, is a disorder in which lungs and kidneys are affected by the binding of anti-GBM antibodies, leading to pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis with rapidly progressive renal insufficiency. Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved our ability to recognize the syndrome, distinguish it from other similar disorders, and offer successful treatment. This article focuses on the pathogenetic features, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic principles of anti-GBM disease.
The Preparation and Properties of Styrene Grafted Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Desalination

Membranes formed from secondary cellulose acetate have been the most successful for the reverse osmosis method of desalination. However, the high pressures used for seawater desalination lead to the gradual compaction of the expanded Loeb-Sourirajan type membrane structures with a consequent decrease of the product flux rate and apparent salt rejection. It seemed of interest, therefore, to study modifications of cellulose acetate which would reduce the rate of compressive creep of the modified membrane and, in turn, stabilize the flux-rejection characteristics of the resulting membranes.
The Role of Behavior in Host-Associated Divergence in Herbivorous Insects

In this essay, I will bring some genetic considerations to bear on the question of why host specificity evolves in herbivorous insects. This specificity is evident in the behavior of the feeding stages, that accept certain plants and not others, and often in the behavior of ovipositing females, which lay eggs on the plants on which their offspring will develop. Because individual insects will sometimes fail to find an appropriate host, we might expect selection to favor, to at least some extent, the capacity to accept a wider spectrum of plants than they often do. Why, then, are so many species so extraordinarily host-specific
DEMOCRACY AND THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN: FRANCE IN COMPARATIVE CONTEXT

Cet article fait part du debat existant en France surla parite homme/femme dans les representations politiques. L'A. compare la situation francaise a d'autres democraties et analyse le contexte economique culturel et social du discours des partisans de la parite et de la volonte de la gauche d'instituer des quotas au niveau des instances politiques et constitutionnelles, afin de pallier a l'anti-feminisme notoire de la scene politique francaise
Account of a South American Journey, 1898

An adventuresome human experience unfolds in telling the life story of Granville Stuart, a genuine pioneer of the American West and United States minister to Uruguay and Paraguay from 1894 to 1898. Three years after his birth in Virginia in 1834, Stuart's parents moved to Iowa where he grew up in a frontier community. His father went to California in the first year of the Gold Rush, returned to Iowa in 1851 and the next spring the senior Stuart and two of his sons, Granville and James, crossed the continent to the Pacific gold fields where they mined with indifferent luck until 1857 when Stuart's sons decided to return to Iowa. The “ Mormon War ” diverted then? progress across the Great Basin, causing them to detour north into Southeastern Montana where they mined for a while and became part of that wave of settlers that pushed back the frontier in the Rocky Mountains. Stuart's first wife, an Indian woman he had married in 1862, died in 1887, leaving him with several grown children. Three years later he married Mrs. Allis Brown Fairfield, a Montana school teacher, nearly thirty years his junior, and who, like himself, had been born in Virginia and reared in Iowa. Miss Brown's parents had moved to Montana in 1879 after she had attended Sioux City (Iowa) public schools; she later studied at Vassar College and Northern Indiana Normal School, and before her marriage to Granville Stuart she taught in several one-room rural Montana schools.
Modeling and Optimization in Cooperative Anti-Submarine Command and Control

Multi-objective optimization model is introduced.Models of target-threaten and fire-favorable in cooperative anti-submarine is proposed.Algorithm of genetic is applied in the control and decision making optimization method,with improvement in transformation of adaptive value power and the principle of best-individual to survive.Take cooperative defense of fleet as example,the optimized result of two methods has figured out and been analyzed,the result shows that improved method is better than the original one both in convergence speed of algorithm and optimized values.The results of repetitious experiments with different initialized values present the validity of optimization.
Structurally Distinct Cation Channelrhodopsins from Cryptophyte Algae

Microbial rhodopsins are remarkable for the diversity of their functional mechanisms based on the same protein scaffold. A class of rhodopsins from cryptophyte algae show close sequence homology with haloarchaeal rhodopsin proton pumps rather than with previously known channelrhodopsins from chlorophyte (green) algae. In particular, both aspartate residues that occupy the positions of the chromophore Schiff base proton acceptor and donor, a hallmark of rhodopsin proton pumps, are conserved in these cryptophyte proteins. We expressed the corresponding polynucleotides in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and studied electrogenic properties of the encoded proteins with whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Despite their lack of residues characteristic of the chlorophyte cation channels, these proteins are cation-conducting channelrhodopsins that carry out light-gated passive transport of Na(+) and H(+). These findings show that channel function in rhodopsins has evolved via multiple routes.
The governance environment and innovative SMEs

This paper examines the impact of the governance environment on SME performance, concentrating on differences between innovators and non-innovators. A poor environment is related to lower profits and sales for SME innovators than non-innovators. Using a complementary indicator, SME innovators tend to have higher sales and profits when courts are perceived to be strong. On the other hand, the governance environment does not impact large innovative and non-innovative firm performance differently. Latin America and the Caribbean is a region with many entrepreneurs but few innovators. The region also has a larger proportion of smaller firms compared to other regions. In this context, lessons on SME constraints related to governance are important for developing enabling policies.
Spin-echo Echo-planar Imaging MR Elastography versus Gradient-echo MR Elastography for Assessment of Liver Stiffness in Children and Young Adults Suspected of Having Liver Disease

Two-dimensional (2D) gradient-recalled echo and 2D spin-echo (SE) echoplanar imaging (EPI) MR elastography stiffness data are strongly correlated, and 2D SE-EPI MR elastography allows measurement of stiffness across larger areas of the liver (including deeper portions) with fewer motion artifacts.
Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of cardiac function in a swine model of hibernating myocardium 3 months following bypass surgery

Abstract Objective Clinical studies demonstrate delayed recovery of hibernating myocardium (HM) following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is effective in identifying HM in clinical settings. Our animal model of HM shows partial but incomplete functional recovery 1 month following CABG using echocardiography. This study uses CMR imaging to determine completeness of recovery 3 months post-CABG. Methods Swine (N = 12) underwent left anterior descending artery (LAD) 1.5-cm constrictor placement creating a territory of HM over 12 weeks. CMR at 12 weeks confirmed hibernation without infarction (N = 12). Off-pump left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to the LAD was performed in 9 animals. Three animals were killed as HM controls. CMR imaging was repeated in revascularized animals before death at 1 (n = 4) or 3 months (n = 5). CMR imaging was performed at baseline and with dobutamine infusion (5 μg/kg/min). Results Twelve weeks after constrictor placement, CMR imaging confirmed viability in LAD region and LAD stenosis in all animals. In HM, wall thickening is reduced at baseline but with contractile reserve present during dobutamine infusion. Following revascularization, CMR imaging confirmed patent LITA graft (n = 9). Analysis of baseline regional function shows incomplete recovery of HM following CABG, with reduced contractile reserve at both 1 and 3 months post-CABG. Conclusions CMR imaging provides accurate spatial resolution of regional contractile function and confirms the presence of HM at 12 weeks following instrumentation of the LAD. Three months following CABG, partial recovery of HM with contractile reserve is present in the single LAD territory.
Review: Exercise and psychosocial support may improve quality of life in COPD

Source Citation Lacasse Y, Guyatt GH, Goldstein RS. The components of a respiratory rehabilitation program. A systematic overview. Chest. 1997 Apr;111:1077-88.
How Unequal Is the United States? Adolescents’ Images of Social Stratification

This study highlights the use of pictorial images to understand adolescents' views on social stratification. A continuum of five visual images of social stratification were presented to a diverse sample of five hundred ninety-eight 8th-12th graders (14-18 years old). Adolescents selected which image best represented the United States (today, in 20 years, how it ought to be). Images ranged from inequitable to egalitarian. Results supported reference group and possible selves theories. Adolescents in higher status families chose a more egalitarian image for how the United States is today and how it ought to be. African Americans considered the United States today more unequal. Differences in adolescents' commitment to an egalitarian ideal depended on their reactions to inequality and their beliefs about government responsiveness, bolstering the measure's validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Comparison of the Craniofacial Muscles: A Unifying Hypothesis

In the field of skeletal muscle research, most research has been performed using limb skeletal muscle, whether studying myogenesis or the anatomy, cell biology, biochemistry, and physiology of normal, diseased, or aging muscle. Early studies of limb muscle led to the description of four basic fiber types with specific biochemistry and physiological properties assigned to each. Evidence in the past decade has revealed that this is an oversimplified view of the true heterogeneity amongst the myofibers within limb muscles (Caiozzo et al. 2000, 2003; Pette and Staron 2000; Stephenson 2001).
Introduction: Educating for Citizenship and Social Justice—Practices for Community Engagement at Research Universities

The introduction establishes the need to educate students for citizenship and social justice to develop citizens prepared to respond to the challenges of our increasingly diverse democracy. The introduction invokes three kinds of citizenship (personally responsible, participatory, and justice-oriented) to encourage a community engagement practice that disrupts students’ experiences to encourage them to take action in service of social justice. The introduction also offers brief outlines of each chapter in the book.
Hunting while working: An expanded model of employed job search

Abstract Major theoretical models of job search fail to consider the changing nature of careers, the influence of the internet as a job search tool, and the diverse objectives for employed job search. Consequently, the study of employed job search has been largely confined to turnover research. We add to existing theory by providing a typology of employed search objectives based on modifying employment conditions (separation-seeking, change-seeking, leverage-seeking), contagion (mimetic-seeking) and employability (knowledge-seeking, network-seeking) and offer propositions related to the antecedents and implications for each objective. This classification offers an alternative explanation for previous research findings, provides a framework for future study, and has practical implications for employee retention and recruitment.
Intraoperative Seizures in Awake Craniotomy for Perirolandic Glioma Resections That Undergo Cortical Mapping.

Background Perirolandic motor area gliomas present invasive eloquent region tumors within the precentral gyrus that are difficult to resect without causing neurologic deficits. Study Aims This study evaluates the role of awake craniotomy and motor mapping on neurologic outcome and extent of resection (EOR) of tumor in the perirolandic motor region. It also analyzes preoperative risk factors for intraoperative seizures. Methods We evaluated 57 patients who underwent an awake craniotomy for a perirolandic motor area eloquent region glioma. Patients who had positive mapping (PM) or intraoperative identification of motor regions in the cortex using direct cortical stimulation were compared with patients with no positive motor mapping following direct cortical stimulation and negative mapping (NM). Preoperative risks, intraoperative seizures, perioperative outcomes, tumor characteristics, and EOR were also compared. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the predictors for intraoperative seizures in this patient cohort. Results Overall, 33 patients were in the PM cohort; 24 were in the NM cohort. Our study showed an 8.8% incidence of intraoperative seizures during cortical and subcortical mapping for awake craniotomies in the perirolandic motor area, none of which aborted the case. PM patients had significantly more intraoperative and postoperative seizures (15.5% and 30.3%, respectively) compared with the NM patients (0% and 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.046 and 0.044). New transient postoperative motor deficits were found more often in the PM group (51.5%) versus the NM group (12.5%; p = 0.002). A univariate logistic regression showed that PM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.34; p = 0.035) and preoperative tumor volume (OR: 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996–0.999; p = 0.049) were significant predictors for intraoperative seizures in patients with perirolandic gliomas. Conclusion Awake craniotomies in the perirolandic motor region can be safely performed with a similar incidence of intraoperative seizures as reported for the language cortex. PM in this region may increase the likelihood of perioperative seizures or motor deficits compared with NM. Craniotomies that minimize cortical exposure for perirolandic gliomas that may not localize motor regions can still allow for extensive tumor resection with a good postoperative outcome.
The Taxonomy of Covalent Inhibitors.

Covalent enzyme inhibitors are widely applied as biochemical tools and therapeutic agents. As a complement to categorization of these inhibitors by reactive group or modification site, we present a categorization by mechanism, which highlights common advantages and disadvantages inherent to each approach. Established categories for reversible and irreversible covalent inhibition are reviewed with representative examples given for each class, including covalent reversible inhibitors, slow substrates, residue-specific reagents, affinity labels (classical, quiescent, and photoaffinity), and mechanism-based inactivators. The relationships of these categories to proteomic profiling probes (activity-based and reactivity-based) as well as complementary approaches such as prodrug and soft drug design are also discussed. A wide variety of strategies are used to balance reactivity and selectivity in the design of covalent enzyme inhibitors. Use of a shared terminology is encouraged to clearly convey these mechanism...
Public Reason and the Education of Democratic Citizens: The Role of Higher Education

Recent public discourse in the United States has often been polarized, contentious, and filled with half-truths and misconceptions, if not outright lies. Like the Queen in Alice in Wonderland, some citizens seem able to believe “six impossible things before breakfast.” Many colleges and universities have committed themselves to helping form socially responsible citizens as a central part of their mission, a task long embraced by public education. What are the knowledge, skills, and commitments — the citizen virtues — on which a healthy liberal democracy depends? And what role, if any, can higher education play in developing them?
The Human Kinesin Kif18A’s Neck Linker Permits Navigation of Microtubule Bound Obstacles within the Mitotic Spindle

Mitotic chromosome alignment is essential for the robust separation of genetic material into daughter cells. In mammalian cells, this process requires the function of Kif18A, a kinesin-8 motor protein. Kif18A confines chromosome movement to the mitotic spindle equator by accumulating at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubule bundles (K-fibers), where it functions to suppress K-fiber dynamics. It is not understood how the motor accumulates at K-fiber plus-ends, a difficult feat requiring the motor to navigate protein dense microtubule tracks. Our data indicate that Kif18A's relatively long (17 amino acid) neck linker is required for the motor's accumulation at K-fiber plus-ends. Shorter neck linker (sNL) variants of Kif18A display a deficiency in K-fiber accumulation, especially on K-fibers near the center of the spindle. This pattern correlates with the more uniform concentration of the microtubule bundling protein HURP on central K-fibers compared to peripheral K-fibers. Depletion of HURP permits Kif18A sNL to accumulate on central K-fibers, while HURP overexpression reduces wild-type Kif18A's ability to accumulate on this same K-fiber subset. Furthermore, single molecule assays indicate that Kif18A sNL motors are less proficient at navigating microtubules coated with the microtubule associated protein tau. Taken together, these results support a model in which Kif18A's neck linker length permits efficient navigation of obstacles such as HURP to reach K-fiber ends during mitosis.
SIRT(s) responses to UV damage in human skin: targets for cancer prevention

1870 Skin is constantly exposed to the DNA damaging effects of UV irradiation, and cellular defense mechanisms are critically important in skin cancer prevention. Our interest focuses on NAD-dependent signaling pathways in cellular responses following UV damage to skin. These include the enzyme families of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and NAD-dependent protein deacetylases (SIRTs) both of which are NAD + consuming enzymes involved in DNA damage responses. To determine the function of these enzymes in UV damaged skin, we first established by qPCR and Western blot analyses that all seven mammalian SIRT genes are expressed both in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Immortalization and stress from solar simulated light or singlet oxygen stress effect specific alterations in the expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT7 in keratinocytes. Using our model of intracellular NAD-modulation via niacin deprivation, we also studied the effects of substrate restriction on these enzymes9 activities during UV damage. The expression and enzymatic function of SIRTs were regulated by the availability of NAD + in human skin cells, leading to an abrogation of SIRT responses under low NAD + . From these data, we also show that niacin-deficient HaCaT keratinocytes develop a severe sensitivity to UV damage, which is reflected in increased DNA damage (comet assay) and cell death (Annexin V-PI apoptosis assay). Our studies show that these alterations result from a combination of impaired PARP- and SIRT-catalytic activities. These data support the hypothesis that NAD-dependent signaling pathways play a role in resistance to sunlight induced skin damage and are a likely target for skin cancer prevention. Supported in part by grants from NIH (CA43894, CA106677, PO1CA27502 and P30ES06694) and Niadyne, Inc.
Empathy and Attending to Patient Religion/Spirituality: Findings from a National Survey of Muslim Physicians

Attending to patient religion and spirituality (R/S) generates controversy. Some worry that because physicians lack formal religious training they may overstep their expertise, while others argue t...
Efficient Integrity Monitoring for KF-based Localization

This paper presents a new method to efficiently monitor localization safety in mobile robots. Localization safety is quantified by measuring the system’s integrity risk, which is a well-known aviation performance metric. However, aviation integrity monitoring solutions almost exclusively rely on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) while robot navigation usually needs the additional information provided by a state evolution model and/or relative positioning sensors, which makes previously established approaches impractical. In response, this paper develops an efficient integrity monitoring methodology applicable to Kalman Filter-based localization. The work is intended for life-or mission-critical operations such as co-robot applications where ignoring the impact of faults can jeopardize human safety.
The Price of the Ticket: Health Costs of Upward Mobility among African Americans

There is a growing literature that has documented diminishing health returns on upward social mobility among Black Americans. Due to historical policies and practices, upward social mobility is often an arduous, isolating process for Black Americans, especially as they navigate predominately white educational and workplace settings. This paper advances the literature in several meaningful and innovative ways. The goal of this paper is to provide a qualitative account of the health costs of upward social mobility and describe how these costs could diminish health returns despite greater levels of socioeconomic resources. Focus groups and surveys were the data collection methods for the study. Inclusion criteria for the study were that respondents identified as African American or Black, were 24 years or older and had completed college. The total sample was 32 college-educated Black men (n = 12) and women (n = 20). The mean age for men was 39 (range = 26–50) and 33 years of age (range = 24–59) for women. Key findings highlighted in this paper include (1) hypervisibility and subsequent vigilance; (2) uplift stress; and (3) health costs associated with social mobility. The sum of these stressors is posited to affect multiple health outcomes and elucidate the mechanisms through which socioeconomic returns on health are diminished.
Which rainfall metric is more informative about the flood simulation performance? A comprehensive assessment on 1318 basins over Europe

Abstract. The global availability of satellite rainfall products (SRPs) at an increasingly high temporal/spatial resolution has made possible their exploitation in hydrological applications, especially over in-situ data scarce regions. In this context, understand how uncertainties transfer from SRPs into flood simulation, through the hydrological model, is a main research question. SRPs accuracy is normally characterized by comparing them with ground observations via the calculation of categorical (e.g., threat score, false alarm ratio, probability of detection) and/or continuous (e.g., bias, root mean square error, Nash-Sutcliffe index, Kling-Gupta efficiency index, correlation coefficient) metrics. However, whether these metrics are informative about the associated performance in flood simulations (when the SRP is used as input to an hydrological model) is an underdiscussed research topic. This study aims to relate the accuracy of different SRPs both in terms of rainfall and in terms of flood simulation. That is, the following research question are addressed: is (are) there appropriate performance metric (s) to drive the choice of the best performing rainfall product for flood simulation? To answer this question three SRPs, namely the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis, TMPA; the Climate Prediction Center Morphing algorithm, CMORPH, and the SM2RAIN algorithm applied to the ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) soil moisture product, SM2RAIN-ASCAT, have been used as input into a lumped hydrologic model (MISDc, “Modello Idrologico Semi-Distribuito in continuo”) on 1318 basins over Europe with different physiographic characteristics. Results have suggested that, among the continuous metrics, correlation coefficient and Kling-Gupta efficiency index are not reliable scores to select rainfall product performing best for hydrological modelling whereas bias and root mean square error seem more appropriate. In particular, by constraining the relative bias to values lower than 0.2 and the relative root mean square error to values lower than 2, good hydrological performances (Kling-Gupta efficiency index on discharge greater than 0.5) are ensured for almost 75 % of the basins fulfilling these criteria. Conversely, the categorical scores have not provided suitable information to address the SRPs selection for hydrological modelling.
In Situ Neutron Diffraction Study of Crystallographic Evolution and Thermal Expansion Coefficients in U-22.5 at.%Zr During Annealing

A uranium-22.5 at.%zirconium (U-10 wt.%Zr) ingot was manufactured by traditional arc casting. The sample was characterized by high-pressure preferred-orientation time-of-flight neutron diffractometry with in situ heating reaching 900°C. The phase transitions, lattice parameter ratios, and linear coefficients of thermal expansion were investigated experimentally. Contradictory to commonly referenced phase diagrams, the results of this work showed that the β-U+γ″-UZr dual-phase region is not present in U-22.5 at.%Zr. Rather, only two phase transformations were observed upon cooling. These transformations occurred at 655°C and 600°C and corresponded to γ-UZr → α-U+γ″-UZr → α-U+δ-UZr2, respectively. The linear coefficients of thermal expansion were measured for α-U, δ-UZr2, and γ-UZr. The thermal expansion of α-U was shown to be anisotropic in nature with significant lattice contraction in the 010b direction. Similar anisotropy albeit to a lesser extent was observed in δ-UZr2 with contraction in the 001c direction.
Cardiac transplantation in perspective for the future. Survival, complications, rehabilitation, and cost.

Two hundred twenty-seven cardiac transplant procedures have been performed in 206 patients from January, 1968, to April, 1981. Postoperative survival rates, calculated by the actuarial method for program years 1968 to 1973 (66 patients), are 44%, 35%, 27%, 21%, and 18% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 rears after transplantation, respectively. Postoperative survival rates for program years 1974 to 1981 (140 patients) are 63%, 55%, 51%, 44%, and 39% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after transplantation, respectively. This increase results primarily from improvement in survival achieved in the first 3 postoperative months (59% ± 7%, 1968 to 1973, versus 80% ±40%, 1974 to 1980), reflecting improved patient management. Infection remains the primary cause of death following transplantation (76/131 patients, 58%), followed by acute rejection (24/181, 18.3%), graft arteriosclerosis (14/131, 10.7%), and malignancy (6/131, 4.6%). The development of graft arteriosclerosis has been examined in 85 one-year survivors studied by annual coronary arteriograms. Coronary lesions of varying severity have developed in 21 patients. HLA-A2 incompatibility was associated with a higher incidence of graft arteriosclerosis than was apparent for all other A locus incompatibilities (p
Economic and Social Balance of 15 Years of Eastern Enlargement

The Eastern EU enlargement (2004, 2007, 2013) is still one of the success stories of the EU (and unprecedented in the world), but at the same time it is controversial and is perceived as controversial. One of the core problems has been its unbalanced character: the whole process had a clear `Single Market` focus and the values of a `Social Europe` were of secondary importance. Based on a neofunctionalist approach the paper discusses the integration of the new member states from the point of view of economic and income convergence. Along with a literature review, data on wages, productivity and output will be analysed to demonstrate that upward convergence of the poorer new member states towards the EU average had been stalled in wake of the 2009 crisis. The resulting cleavages put the core hypothesis of the neofunctionalist approach - that EU integration has a `direction` in terms of an upwards convergence - into question.
Is CpG Density the Link between Epigenetic Aging and Lifespan

The genetic mechanisms contributing to lifespan variation remain unresolved. Based on recent conceptual advances in our understanding of epigenetic potential and the relocalization of chromatin modifiers (RCM), we hypothesize that increased CpG density is protective against age-related erosion of the epigenetic landscape and may explain interspecific variation in lifespan.
Nonoperative management of appendicitis in children

Appendicitis is a common condition in childhood and adolescence that frequently requires urgent surgical intervention. For almost two centuries appendicitis has been recognized as a medical problem with a surgical solution. Currently the appendix can be removed with a minimally invasive approach, low anesthetic and surgical risk, and swift hospital discharge. Despite these advances, surgery and anesthesia have associated risks including postoperative infection, bleeding, hernia and organ injury among others. In addition, surgery requires time off of school and work to recover and associated healthcare costs can be significant. In both adult and pediatric populations, quality data suggesting a nonoperative approach is suggesting a change to the traditional surgical paradigm. Adults studies have demonstrated both safety and efficacy in the nonoperative management of acute appendicitis. In selected children with uncomplicated appendicitis, initial nonoperative management has been shown to be safe with fewer complications, fewer disability days and less healthcare costs while avoiding the risks inherent to surgery. Ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials in both the United States and Europe seek to further demonstrate the safety of nonoperative management and assist physicians with educating patients about the risk profile of their treatment decision. In complicated appendicitis presenting with abscess or acute appendiceal phlegmon, an initial nonoperative strategy with or without abscess drainage followed by interval appendectomy is the current state of the art though the utility of interval appendectomy is questioned.
The Demographic Profile Most at Risk of being Disinformed

This paper explores the relationship between a person's demographic data, age (IV1), gender (IV2), ethnicity (IV3), and political ideology (IV4), and the risk of him/her falling prey to Mis/Disinformation attacks (DV). Participants ( $\mathrm{n}=161$ ) were subjected to the Fake News and deepfake test (15-item). The main data analysis tool employed by this study is multiple linear regression. Important findings of the study include the revelation of the disparity in the performance of the subjects from the underrepresented groups against those who are not. This paper further confirms that an increase in age is a risk for being Disinformed. The predictive model further reveals the profile of a most likely Disinformation victim. The intended target audiences of this paper are policymakers, social scientists, and tech companies.
The Electric Power Engineering Handbook

Electric Power. Electric Power Utilization. Transformers. Transmission Systems. Substations. Distribution Systems. Electric Power Utilization. Power System Analysis and Simulation. Power System Protection. Power System Transients. Power System Dynamics/Stability. Power System Operation/Control. Power System Planning (Reliability). Power Electronics. Power Quality.
True Confessions About the Role of Lawyers in a Democracy

The title of this Symposium, The Lawyer’s Role in a Contemporary Democracy, has several possible interpretations. It could represent a call to discuss the nature of democracy itself. Alternatively, it might employ the term 'contemporary democracy' as shorthand for freedoms commonly associated with liberal democracies, such as free speech and equality, and anticipate that Symposium participants will explore how lawyers can promote those freedoms. Although this essay discusses these approaches, it ultimately takes a different perspective. Fordham Law School’s Louis Stein Center for Professional Ethics, which typically focuses on how lawyers should act in their professional lives, has sponsored this Symposium. Given the Center’s orientation, I perceive its invitation as encouraging the Symposium participants to consider the common notion that attorneys, because of their status, have unique obligations to support law reform enhancing individual rights and open, representative government.
Microcracking in composite laminates under thermal and mechanical loading

Composites used in space structures are exposed to both extremes in temperature and applied mechanical loads. Cracks in the matrix form, changing the laminate thermoelastic properties. The goal of the present investigation is to develop a predictive methodology to quantify microcracking in general composite laminates under both thermal and mechanical loading. This objective is successfully met through a combination of analytical modeling and experimental investigation. In the analysis, the stress and displacement distributions in the vicinity of a crack are determined using a shear lag model. These are incorporated into an energy based cracking criterion to determine the favorability of crack formation. A progressive damage algorithm allows the inclusion of material softening effects and temperature-dependent material properties. The analysis is implemented by a computer code which gives predicted crack density and degraded laminate properties as functions of any thermomechanical load history. Extensive experimentation provides verification of the analysis. AS4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy laminates are manufactured with three different layups to investigate ply thickness and orientation effects. Thermal specimens are cooled to progressively lower temperatures down to -184 C. After conditioning the specimens to each temperature, cracks are counted on their edges using optical microscopy and in their interiors by sanding to incremental depths. Tensile coupons are loaded monotonically to progressively higher loads until failure. Cracks are counted on the coupon edges after each loading. A data fit to all available results provides input parameters for the analysis and shows them to be material properties, independent of geometry and loading. Correlation between experiment and analysis is generally very good under both thermal and mechanical loading, showing the methodology to be a powerful, unified tool. Delayed crack initiation observed in a few cases is attributed to a lack of preexisting flaws assumed by the analysis. Some interactions between adjacent ply groups are attributed to local stress concentrations. These two effects are not captured by the analysis due to its global nature. The analysis is conservative in these cases and agrees well with data after the observed onset of cracking.
How to stay in compliance with regulations

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issues licenses to users of byproduct materials in 21 states and the District of Columbia. The regulations governing the possession and use of these products are found in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) specifically Parts 19, 20, 30 and 35 for medical use of radionuclides. Some areas are clear and not likely to be misinterpreted but, there are some sections which may be interpreted in several ways. At our institution one of the reasons a Severity Level III violation was issued was due to the radiation safety officer's (RSO) interpretation of the regulation. A package containing 2 millicuries of iodine-125 was lost due to personnel not following established policies for the receipt of radioactive material. The RSO failed to notify NRC immediately because he did not think the criteria for immediate notification as stated in 10 CFR Part 20.2201 had been met. Part 20.2201 states that a licensee shall report by telephone immediately after its occurrence becomes known to the licensee any lost, stolen or missing licensed materials greater than specified quantities if it appears that an exposure could result to persons in unrestricted areas. It is important to keep abreast of the philosophy of the NRC and the areas that are of current interest to avoid violations. With the increase in the incidents of deliberate misuse of isotopes at medical or research facilities, NRC is wary of radioisotopes being tampered with and misused.
The Utility Classes

This chapter covers some support classes that are used throughout the OpenCard Framework. These classes define constants and exceptions that provide a foundation for the rest of the OpenCard classes. The utilities also provide service classes offering useful functionality such as string handling and property loading. These classes are used by the framework but are also available to the OpenCard application programmer.
Reduction of hydroxylamine by rat liver mitochondria

Abstract An enzyme is present in rat liver mitochondria which catalyzes a stoichiometric reaction between NADH and hydroxylamine (HA). The reaction has been followed by simultaneous estimations of the NADH by spectrophotometry, and of HA by oxidation to nitrite and subsequent diazotization (Czaky's method). The end product is ammonia. The enzyme is inhibited by HgCl 2 , p -hydroxymercuribenzoate, and KCN, and also by phosphate but not by EDTA. It is sensitive to moderate heat and is damaged by freezing, sonication, and other manipulations of the mitochondria. It is, in all probability, the same enzyme as that which reduces anthranilohydroxamate and nicotinohydroxamate; however, its affinity for HA is about twenty times greater than for the hydroxamates.
Photodetachment of atomic negative ions near threshold in a magnetic field

The effect of final-state interactions on the photodetachment cross section of negative ions in a magnetic field is discussed. Experiments on the location of the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ threshold in ${\mathbf{S}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ as a function of magnetic field show clearly the effect of the zero-point energy of an electron in a magnetic field. The experiments also give a precise value for the electron affinity and provide information about the interaction between the atom and the detached electron.