cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temper Loss and Persistent Irritability in Preschoolers: Implications for Diagnosing Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in Early Childhood

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a new and controversial child psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent irritability and frequent temper loss. Among the controversies surrounding DMDD is whether the age of onset criterion—that DMDD may not be diagnosed before age 6 years—is justified. This study examined DMDD symptoms and associated patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, behavioral, and family functioning in a sample of 139 preschoolers (ages 4–0 to 5–11 years) admitted to an early childhood psychiatric day treatment program. DMDD symptoms were common in this acute clinical sample, with 63 children (45.3 %) presenting with frequent temper outbursts and chronic irritability. As compared to children who did not present with DMDD symptoms, these children demonstrated more aggression and emotional reactivity and lower receptive language skills, with high rates of comorbidity with the disruptive behavior disorders. Findings contribute to an emerging literature on preschool DMDD, with implications for early childhood psychiatric assessment and clinical interventions.
Investigation of a sensing approach based on a rapid reduction of azide to selectively measure bioavailability of H2S

A new reaction-based sensor (AHS) was synthesized for quantitative detection of H2S. AHS showed a high selectivity and sensitivity toward H2S over other thio-containing molecules, or reducing reagents with high abundance in living cells. In the presence of H2S, significant fluorescence enhancement (17-fold) was observed due to the reduction of the azide on AHS. The absorption (362 nm) and fluorescence emission (557 nm) of reduced AHS showed a highly linear correlation to H2S level, which were used to measure concentration of H2S in the range of 0–100 μM.
Case Study: Foundations of a Successful Academic Surgery Development Program

Medical students are often searching for ways to demonstrate leadership and to engage their peers in the career development process. At the University of Michigan Medical School, an academic surgery development program was created with the goal of providing opportunities to tackle these challenging aspects of professional development. This chapter provides an example of how medical students, residents, and faculty collaborated to facilitate productive relationships between medical students and surgeons. Many elements of Michigan’s “SCRUBS” group outlined below can be replicated or modified at any medical school. For those who see benefit and utility in the programming outlined here, we encourage medical students to take the initiative and reach out to faculty members, mentors and peers. Current medical students can be leaders at their own institutions by establishing career exposure and development, which will in turn benefit the futures of many other medical students.
GYN implant orthogonal film holder

An orthogonal film holder has been developed for the use of implants in the O.R. This film holder provides both AP and lateral films that are truly 90 degrees apart from each other. Placement of the GYN applicators must be checked before completion of the procedure. Traditionally, orthogonal films have been used for positioning and for the dose calculations. Therefore it is critical to have good quality radiographs. The AP film holder is placed beneath the patient and the lateral film holder slides into the side of the AP film holder, providing accurate placement and reproducibility in relation to each other. After the films have been approved, the lateral film holder bolts on top of the AP film holder. The system then looks like a briefcase and has a carrying handle for easy transportation and storage. This newly designed system has been used successfully and has proved its ease of use and accuracy.
Genome-Wide Estimates of Transposable Element Insertion and Deletion Rates in Drosophila Melanogaster

Knowing the rate at which transposable elements (TEs) insert and delete is critical for understanding their role in genome evolution. We estimated spontaneous rates of insertion and deletion for all known, active TE superfamilies present in a set of Drosophila melanogaster mutation-accumulation (MA) lines using whole genome sequence data. Our results demonstrate that TE insertions far outpace TE deletions in D. melanogaster. We found a significant effect of background genotype on TE activity, with higher rates of insertions in one MA line. We also found significant rate heterogeneity between the chromosomes, with both insertion and deletion rates elevated on the X relative to the autosomes. Further, we identified significant associations between TE activity and chromatin state, and tested for associations between TE activity and other features of the local genomic environment such as TE content, exon content, GC content, and recombination rate. Our results provide the most detailed assessment of TE mobility in any organism to date, and provide a useful benchmark for both addressing theoretical predictions of TE dynamics and for exploring large-scale patterns of TE movement in D. melanogaster and other species.
Contrasting roles of the ABCG2 Q141K variant in prostate cancer

ABCG2 is a membrane transport protein that effluxes growth-promoting molecules, such as folates and dihydrotestosterone, as well as chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore it is important to determine how variants of ABCG2 affect the transporter function in order to determine whether modified treatment regimens may be necessary for patients harboring ABCG2 variants. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the ABCG2 Q141K variant and overall survival after a prostate cancer diagnosis. We report here that in patients with recurrent prostate cancer, those who carry the ABCG2 Q141K variant had a significantly shorter time to PSA recurrence post-prostatectomy than patients homozygous for wild-type ABCG2 (P=0.01). Transport studies showed that wild-type ABCG2 was able to efflux more folic acid than the Q141K variant (P<0.002), suggesting that retained tumoral folate contributes to the decreased time to PSA recurrence in the Q141K variant patients. In a seemingly conflicting study, it was previously reported that docetaxel-treated Q141K variant prostate cancer patients have a longer survival time. We found this may be due to less efficient docetaxel efflux in cells with the Q141K variant versus wild-type ABCG2. In human prostate cancer tissues, confocal microscopy revealed that all genotypes had a mixture of cytoplasmic and plasma membrane staining, with noticeably less staining in the two homozygous KK patients. In conclusion, the Q141K variant plays contrasting roles in prostate cancer: 1) by decreasing folate efflux, increased intracellular folate levels result in enhanced tumor cell proliferation and therefore time to recurrence decreases; and 2) in patients treated with docetaxel, by decreasing its efflux, intratumoral docetaxel levels and tumor cell drug sensitivity increase and therefore patient survival time increases. Taken together, these data suggest that a patient's ABCG2 genotype may be important when determining a personalized treatment plan.
Entrepreneurship, Growth, and Gender

The relationship between the rate of business formation and growth has long been a widely accepted but empirically nearly-neglected foundation in economics. Regional economic analysis creates the possibility of a tractable geographic scope to better capture this relationship. Along with the more recent availability of regional data with the necessary depth and breadth to properly evaluate such a framework, these analyses have finally begun to clarify the clear and often surprising links between entrepreneurship and growth. Some of the most intriguing and promising perspectives come from the additional consideration of gender within this entrepreneurship/growth structure. Women are underrepresented in entrepreneurial initiatives even in the most advanced economies, yet are quickly becoming the dominant new entrants in the highly-skilled segment of the labor force. This labor supply is the likely source of the most innovative entrepreneurial initiatives, with the greatest potential for economic value-added and job creation.
Cell-Free DNA and DNase Activity in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia.

Background Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs has a high risk of thrombosis and is associated with marked neutrophilia and necrosis. Cell death and release of neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to increased serum concentrations of cell-free DNA, and in human autoimmune disease reduced DNase activity further increases cell-free DNA. Free DNA in blood has prothrombotic properties and could contribute to hypercoagulability in IMHA. Hypothesis Cell-free DNA is elevated and DNase activity reduced in dogs with IMHA compared to healthy dogs. Animals Dogs presenting to two referral hospitals with IMHA (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 20). Methods Prospective observational study. Blood was collected and death and thrombotic events occurring in the first 14 days after hospitalization recorded. DNA was extracted from plasma with a commercial kit and quantified by PicoGreen fluorescence. DNase activity of serum was measured by radial diffusion assay. Results Cell-free DNA was significantly higher in cases (median: 45 ng/mL, range: 10–2334 ng/mL) than controls (26 ng/mL, range 1–151 ng/mL, P = 0.0084). DNase activity was not different between cases and controls (P = 0.36). Four cases died and there were five suspected or confirmed thrombotic events. Cell-free DNA concentration was associated with death (odds ratio for upper quartile versus lower 3 quartiles: 15; 95% confidence interval 1.62–201; P = 0.03) but not thrombosis (P = 0.57). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cell-free DNA is elevated in dogs with IMHA and likely reflects increased release rather than impaired degradation of DNA. Cell-free DNA concentration is potentially associated with death and might be a prognostic indicator, but this requires confirmation in a larger population.
Modified Universalisms & The Role of Local Legal Culture in the Making of Cross-border Insolvency Law

Cross-border insolvency law scholars have devoted much attention to theoretical questions of international system design. There is a general consensus in the literature that the ideal system would be a universalist system in which cross-border insolvencies would be administered in a single forum under a single governing law But scholars have paid less systematic attention to how a universalist system can be implemented in the real world by institutional actors such as legislatures and judges. This article seeks to redress the balance by discussing the reception of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency in the United States and the United Kingdom and exploring the role that judges play in harmonizing cross-border insolvency law. As the Model Law is choice-of-law neutral, domestic enactments typically contain no express choice-of-law rules. Universalists urge judges to take their cue from modified universalism and interpret Model Law enactments in a manner that approximates to universalism’s ideal “one court, one law” approach. But comparative analysis of Anglo-American judicial practice reveals that the contours of modified universalism are contested. “Modified universalism” as it is understood in the United States implies that judges should presumptively defer to the law of the foreign insolvency proceeding (lex concursus). American universalists tend therefore to favor a strong, centralizing version of modified universalism. By contrast, British modified universalism has a forum law (lex fori) choice-of-law orientation. British modified universalism supports effective coordination of insolvency proceedings with one court having a primary coordinating role. But it lacks any commitment to a centralizing lex concursus rule in the absence of statutory mandate. Framed by reference to this account of the Model Law’s Anglo-American reception, the article argues that modified universalism offers no convincing theory of how a universalist system is to be institutionalized in practice in the absence of more and harder law, the province of legislatures. Competing versions of modified universalism cannot support an interpretive methodology capable of yielding global judge-made rules of private international law that would address the Model Law’s choice-of-law indeterminacy.
Theory of nonlinear microwave absorption by interacting two-level systems

The microwave absorption and noise caused by quantum two-level systems (TLSs) dramatically suppress the coherence in Josephson junction qubits that are promising candidates for quantum information applications. It is a challenge to understand microwave absorption by TLSs because of the spectral diffusion resulting from fluctuations in their resonant frequencies induced by their long-range interactions. Here we treat the spectral diffusion explicitly using the generalized master equation formalism. The proposed theory predicts that the linear absorption regime holds while a TLS Rabi frequency is smaller than their phase decoherence rate. At higher external fields, a nonlinear absorption regime is found with the loss tangent inversely proportional to the intensity of the field. The theory can be generalized to acoustic absorption and lower dimensions realized in superconducting qubits.
Making Change Happen on Time, on Target, on Budget

(2006). Making Change Happen on Time, on Target, on Budget. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 50-51.
A case study of Apple v. Samsung and how big data analytics might have changed the outcome

In today's rapidly advancing society, big data analytics is increasingly adopted to enhance business functions. Some industries, however, are more reluctant to adopt this new technology, namely the...
Effects of cholesterol and unsaturated DOPC lipid on chain packing of saturated gel-phase DPPC bilayers

Wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) from oriented lipid multilayers was used to study the effect of adding cholesterol (Chol) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) to gel-phase 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers. Small quantities (X < 0.10 mole fraction) of both molecules disrupt the tight packing of tilted chains of pure gel-phase DPPC, forming a more disordered, untilted phase. The addition of larger quantities of DOPC causes the sample to phase-separate into a gel-phase, characterized by a narrow WAXS peak, and liquid disordered phase, characterized by wide, diffuse WAXS scattering. In contrast, two WAXS peaks indicative of two coexisting phases were not observed in Chol/DPPC mixtures (X(Chol) = 0.07 to 0.40). Instead, Chol caused a gradual increase in the width of the WAXS peak, consistent with a gradual change from a more gel-like to a more liquid-like state rather than passing through a region of two phase coexistence. Our WAXS data include a huge amount of information. A new method of analysis suggests that WAXS data may provide definitive results relating to the disagreements between previously published phase diagrams for Chol/DPPC.
Docent: transforming personal intuitions to scientific hypotheses through content learning and process training

People's lived experiences provide intuitions about health. Can they transform these personal intuitions into testable hypotheses that could inform both science and their lives? This paper introduces an online learning architecture and provides system principles for people to brainstorm causal scientific theories. We describe the Learn-Train-Ask workflow that guides participants through learning domain-specific content, process training to frame their intuitions as hypotheses, and collaborating with anonymous peers to brainstorm related questions. 344 voluntary online participants from 27 countries created 399 personally-relevant questions about the human microbiome over 4 months, 75 (19%) of which microbiome experts found potentially scientifically novel. Participants with access to process training generated hypotheses of better quality. Access to learning materials improved the questions' microbiome-specific knowledge. These results highlight the promise of performing personally-meaningful scientific work using massive online learning systems.
Anesthesia and Renal Function: Perioperative Considerations

The kidneys function to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance as well as excrete metabolic waste products and control vascular tone. An understanding of these functions and the results of damage to the kidneys is important for anesthetic management of patients with renal disease. The importance of the renal system for drug elimination requires an understanding of which drugs are affected by renal dysfunction. As the incidence of patients with acute and chronic renal disease continues to rise, the anesthetic concerns that arise concerning the care of these patients preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively are encountered more frequently.
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: assessing the risk of retinal toxicity.

Background During the past 10 years there has been an increase in the use of the antimalarial agents, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, in the treatment of various rheumatic diseases. Methods In the United States, hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for mild to moderately severe rheumatoid arthritis. Both chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have the potential to produce an irreversible maculopathy. However, this maculopathy occurs almost exclusively at higher than recommended doses. Results Careful dose monitoring by the rheumatologist, combined with appropriate ocular examination by the eye care professional, can significantly reduce the risk of retinopathy. Conclusions This paper discusses the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, it summarizes their retinotoxic risk, and it outlines the diagnostic techniques used to evaluate patients treated with these medications.
Astrophysics and Grand Unification

The impact of grand unified theories on astrophysics and cosmology is reviewed. In particular, the possibility of generating the observed baryon asymmetry in the hot big bang early universe is discussed within the framework of models based on SU(5).
Program Principles and Their Management

As mentioned earlier, these are troubling times for administering habilitation programs. Exhortations to do more with less no longer provide adequate guidance to administrators who are responsible for ensuring services and outcomes in an era of constant or declining financial resources. Current habilitation service administrators tend to come from one of two divergent traditions—that of nurturer or that of technocrat (Radin & Benton, 1986). Nurturers tend to be altruistic, caring individuals, competent to provide social work counseling or related services to persons in need. Recently, however, the size and complexity of habilitation services have created the need for administrators with business management skills. These persons, who are particularly skilled in the techniques of administration (for example, fiscal management, workload measurement, budgeting, and management control systems), will undoubtedly continue to make significant inroads into the nurturing tradition’s dominance of habilitation services. As one might suspect, these two types of managers differ on a number of dimensions such as those listed in Table 12.1. It may be informative for you to pause for a moment, and evaluate your management style on the basis of the 10 dimensions listed.
Defining Medication Nonadherence

Medications are the primary tools used to prevent and effectively manage chronic illness; however, despite their importance and known benefit, appropriate medication use remains a challenge for both patients and providers. Patients frequently do not adhere to essential medications, resulting in poor clinical outcomes, increased cost of care, and deleterious consequences for workforce productivity and overall public health [1]. An estimated half of the 3.2 billion annual prescriptions dispensed in the USA are not taken as prescribed [2]. Numerous studies have shown that patients with chronic conditions adhere to only 50–60 % of medications as prescribed, despite evidence that medical therapy can reduce mortality and improve quality of life [3–8]. Adherence to prescription medication has been labeled as our “other drug problem” [9], an “epidemic” [10], and a “worldwide problem of striking magnitude” [1].
Geoacoustic properties of seagrass-bearing sediments

Seagrasses are commonly referred to as “ecosystem engineers” due to their ability to modify their environments to create unique ecosystems believed to be the third-most valuable in the world. While engineering nursery habitats for small invertebrates, fish, and microalgae such as diatoms, they also aid in water filtration and are capable of storing 11% of the ocean’s organic carbon each year. Seagrasses mainly grow in shallow salty waters within sandy sediments, but over time can drastically alter the sediment by entrapping silt particles, organic matter and decaying organisms that collect on the seafloor to form an organic-rich mud that incorporates itself with the underlying sand. Anaerobic microbes break down the buried organic matter to produce biogas and more stable organic compounds, which can drastically affect sediment geoacoustic properties. Sediment cores were collected within a Thalassia testudinum meadow in the Lower Laguna Madre, TX, and analyzed in 2-cm depth increments for grain size, density, porosity, sound speed, and attenuation from 100 kHz to 300 kHz, and organic carbon content. Results are compared with those from a seagrass-free sediment core to investigate how these valuable “ecosystem engineers” can alter geoacoustical properties of the seabed. [Work supported by ONR and ARL:UT IR&D.]Seagrasses are commonly referred to as “ecosystem engineers” due to their ability to modify their environments to create unique ecosystems believed to be the third-most valuable in the world. While engineering nursery habitats for small invertebrates, fish, and microalgae such as diatoms, they also aid in water filtration and are capable of storing 11% of the ocean’s organic carbon each year. Seagrasses mainly grow in shallow salty waters within sandy sediments, but over time can drastically alter the sediment by entrapping silt particles, organic matter and decaying organisms that collect on the seafloor to form an organic-rich mud that incorporates itself with the underlying sand. Anaerobic microbes break down the buried organic matter to produce biogas and more stable organic compounds, which can drastically affect sediment geoacoustic properties. Sediment cores were collected within a Thalassia testudinum meadow in the Lower Laguna Madre, TX, and analyzed in 2-cm depth increments for grain size, densi...
Epigenetic Tools in Chronic Pain Studies

Abstract Epigenetic regulation is involved in many biological and pathological processes. Initial studies demonstrate that epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in the development of several preclinical models of hypersensitive nociception and a number of clinical chronic pain conditions. So far, a large number of various technologies have been developed to reveal molecular changes of epigenetic mechanisms and even modify epigenetic marks. To advance epigenetic studies of chronic pain, it is necessary to consider how to choose efficient approaches from these technological tools, appropriately analyze data collected, and translate it to clinical application.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background:Given the proximity of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) femoral insertion to the distal femoral physis in skeletally immature patients, multiple techniques for femoral graft fix...
Copper-catalyzed alkenylation of novel N-iodoarylated allylic ketopiperazinonates with unactivated alkenes

N-Aryl-substituted piperazines constitute the core of several pharmacologically pertinent targets such as the antidepressant trintellix. We herein demonstrate that novel N-iodoaryl-substituted allylic ketopiperazinonates are amenable to efficient CuBr-catalyzed alkenylation with simple alkenes to afford N-stilbeno or styrenyl piperazine derivatives.
Medical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review

There is no established standard of care for the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy for those patients who are not surgical candidates. We present a case of primary hyperparathyroidism in the third trimester that was managed with cinacalcet and a literature review on the various modalities for the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy. The primary aim of this case report is to document a case of hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy that was managed medically and to perform a brief systematic review of the literature available on the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy. The secondary aim is to contribute to the literature available on the use of cinacalcet in pregnancy. A 37-year-old woman with untreated primary hyperparathyroidism presented at 32 weeks of gestation with hypercalcemia that was not amenable to surgical intervention. We treated her with increasing doses of cinacalcet with improvement in her serum calcium until developing pre-eclampsia which prompted emergent cesarean delivery of the infant. The neonate developed respiratory distress after delivery but did not develop hypocalcemia after birth. The neonate became transiently hypercalcemic in the setting of calcium gluconate infusions given to prevent hypocalcemia. The patient underwent surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma and required calcium supplementation for 1 month afterwards. Hypercalcemic crisis during pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. There is limited information regarding the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism due to the lack of high-powered studies and prospective studies owing to the relative rarity of the condition. No serious adverse maternal events were reported for either bisphosphonate or cinacalcet use. Adverse neonatal events include transient hypocalcemia of the infant with cinacalcet use and possibly low birth weight, infantile hypocalcemia, and shortened gestational periods with bisphosphonate use. J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;10(2):49-53 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem624
Metabolomic profiling for juvenile Chinook salmon exposed to contaminants of emerging concern.

Abstract Both targeted and non-targeted metabolomic analyses were conducted on juvenile ocean-type fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) residing in two estuaries receiving wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and one reference estuary. The data show that the metabolome patterns for fish from the two WWTP-receiving estuaries were more similar to each other compared to that for the reference site fish. Also, a comparison of the metabolome for fish from the reference site and fish from a hatchery upstream of one of the effluent-receiving estuaries indicated no differences, implying that residency for fish in the contaminated estuary resulted in major changes to the metabolome. Based on general health parameters including whole-body lipid content and condition factor, plus the availability of prey for these fish, we conclude that juvenile Chinook salmon in these contaminated estuaries may have been experiencing metabolic disruption without any overt signs of impairment. Additionally, a non-targeted analysis was performed on hatchery summer Chinook salmon from a laboratory study where fish were dosed for 32 days with feed containing 16 of the most common contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) detected in wild fish. In the laboratory experiment a relationship was observed between dose and the number of liver metabolites that were different between control and treatment fish. Laboratory fish were exposed to only 16 CECs, but are generally exposed to hundreds of these compounds in contaminated aquatic environments. These results have implications for the health of juvenile Chinook salmon and the likelihood of a successful life cycle when exposed to effluent-related chemicals.
Striatal indirect pathway mediates action switching via modulation of collicular dynamics

Type 2 dopamine receptor-expressing, or indirect pathway striatal projection (iSPNs), neurons comprise one of two major pathways through the basal ganglia, and are a major drug target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The function of iSPNs is unclear with proposed roles in suppression of unwanted actions and in refining selection actions or their kinematics. Here, we show that iSPNs can simultaneously suppress and facilitate conflicting motor actions in a lateralized licking task. Activation of iSPNs suppresses contraversive while promoting ipsiversive licking, allowing mice to rapidly switch between alternative motor programs. iSPN activity is prokinetic even when mice are not cued to perform an action. Activity in lateral superior colliculus (lSC), a basal ganglia target, is necessary for performing the task and predicts action. Furthermore, iSPN activation suppresses ipsilateral lSC , but surprisingly, excites contralateral lSC. iSPN activity has neuron specific effects that, at the population level, steers the neural trajectory towards that associated with ipsiversive licking. Thus, our results reveal a previously unknown specificity of iSPNs effects on downstream brain regions, including the ability to excite contralateral regions and trigger motor programs. These results suggest a general circuit mechanism for flexible action switching during competitive selection of lateralized actions.
Individual Variation in Brain Network Topology and Social Cognitive Ability

Background: Social cognitive ability is a significant determinant of functional outcome and deficits in social cognition are a disabling symptom of psychotic disorders. The neurobiological underpinnings of social cognition are not well understood, hampering our ability to ameliorate these deficits. Objective: Using a data-driven approach, we sought to identify the brain network basis of social cognition using a combination of fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and a validated measure of social cognition. Methods: Study participants included 60 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 46 healthy comparison participants. All participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. Social cognition was measured using the MATRICS battery of cognitive tests. A data-driven, connectome-wide analysis of brain connectivity examined how each individual brain voxel9s connectivity correlated with social cognitive performance using multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR). Results: We identified a region in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) where individual network topology predicted social cognitive ability. Specifically, the association of this region with the Default Mode Network predicted higher social cognitive performance and association with the Dorsal Attention Network predicted poorer performance. This correlation was observed in both schizophrenia and healthy comparison participants. Conclusion: Previous studies have demonstrated individual variance in brain network topology but the cognitive or behavioral relevance of these differences was undetermined. We observe that the left SPL, a region of high individual variance at the cytoarchitectonic level, also demonstrates individual variance in its association with large scale brain networks and that network topology predicts complex cognitive ability.
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Among Female Adults in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common nationally notifiable sexually transmitted infection in the United States; however, the seroprevalence of C. trachomatis infection is unknown. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1725 females aged 18 to 39 years who provided serum and urine samples in the 2013 through 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Presence of anti-C. trachomatis Pgp3 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined using both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex bead array (MBA). Weighted seroprevalence estimates were calculated. Correlates of seroprevalence were examined by multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS In 2013 through 2016, overall seroprevalence of C. trachomatis Pgp3 IgG was 30.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.5-35.0) as measured by ELISA and 29.4% (95% CI, 25.8-33.0) as measured by the MBA assay. Overall agreement between tests was 87.1% (1503/1725). There was a high positive agreement by the MBA assay with current detection of chlamydia in urine (86% [36/42]), a past-year diagnosis of chlamydia (81.8% [27/33]), and a history of treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease (60.7% [37/61]). Seroprevalence of C. trachomatis Pgp3 IgG, as measured by MBA, was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Blacks (68.0%; adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2.7 [95% CI, 2.3-3.3]), Mexican Americans (30.9%; aPR = 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2-1.9]), and other Hispanics (35.0%; aPR = 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4-2.5]) compared with non-Hispanic Whites (21.4%). A higher lifetime number of sexual partners and a younger age at sexual debut was also associated with higher seroprevalence. CONCLUSION Both the ELISA and MBA serologic assays revealed a high prevalence of antibodies to C. trachomatis Pgp3 in young adult females in the US household population. There were major racial/ethnic disparities in exposure to C. trachomatis, with increased vulnerability among non-Hispanic Black females.
Numerical Fourier Transform in Random Vibration

The stochastic structural dynamic analysis for complex structures demands an analytical treatment involving nonstationary stochastic processes, under nonstationary gusty winds or earthquake accelerations. It is emphasized that the frequency domain analysis of such nonstationary problems with the aid of the Fourier transform technique is of vital importance in evaluating the mean value and the covariance function of the response, which are closely related to structural safety. An efficient method of numerical single and double Fourier transform and inversion with the aid of the complex Fourier series technique coupled with the Cooley-Tukey algorithm for evaluation of the Fourier coefficients is presented. Numerical examples indicate that the numerical inversion can be performed within a reasonable time on an IBM 7094.
College Students With Disabilities Report Higher Rates of Food Insecurity

Objectives To characterize the prevalence of food insecurity among college students with and without disabilities.
Design and Map-based Teleoperation of a Robot for Disinfection of COVID-19 in Complex Indoor Environments

This paper presents the design and map-based teleoperation of a robot with ultraviolet-C (UVC) lamps that disinfects the COVID-19 virus in complex indoor environments. To disinfect a wide range of surfaces, the robot has an arm with six degrees-of-freedom in addition to a wheeled platform. The wheeled platform attaches tube lamps on each side and underneath in the orientation perpendicular to the moving direction, and the robot arm has a spot UVC lamp at its end-effector. A method for projecting surface dosage using light properties is proposed and validated using the sensor measurements from the robotic system. A technique for creating a disinfection map is presented to prove surface disinfection of the environment in three-dimensional space. The developed robot was tested in an indoor environment with typical structures. Experimental results demonstrate accurate disinfection map creation.
Open-Loop Pitch Table Optimization for the Maximum Dynamic Pressure Orion Abort Flight Test

NASA has scheduled the retirement of the space shuttle orbiter fleet at the end of 2010. The Constellation program was created to develop the next generation of human spaceflight vehicles and launch vehicles, known as Orion and Ares respectively. The Orion vehicle is a return to the capsule configuration that was used in the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. This configuration allows for the inclusion of an abort system that safely removes the capsule from the booster in the event of a failure on launch. The Flight Test Office at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center has been tasked with the flight testing of the abort system to ensure proper functionality and safety. The abort system will be tested in various scenarios to approximate the conditions encountered during an actual Orion launch. Every abort will have a closed-loop controller with an open-loop backup that will direct the vehicle during the abort. In order to provide the best fit for the desired total angle of attack profile with the open-loop pitch table, the table is tuned using simulated abort trajectories. A pitch table optimization program was created to tune the trajectories in an automated fashion. The program development was divided into three phases. Phase 1 used only the simulated nominal run to tune the open-loop pitch table. Phase 2 used the simulated nominal and three simulated off nominal runs to tune the open-loop pitch table. Phase 3 used the simulated nominal and sixteen simulated off nominal runs to tune the open-loop pitch table. The optimization program allowed for a quicker and more accurate fit to the desired profile as well as allowing for expanded resolution of the pitch table.
A factor analytic study of flexibility

Abstract This study investigated the structure of certain measures of flexibility by the technique of factor analysis. Two types of flexibility measures, single joint action and composite, were used. The data were analyzed by several factor models to permit assessment of the extent to which the obtained structure of flexibility is independent of factoring method. Fifty-three variables —38 joint action, 13 composite, and 2 anthropometric measures—administered to 147 college women were included in the final analyses. Fourteen common factors were judged to be comparable over all nine of the derived solutions. Twelve of these are flexibility factors, one is an anthropometric, and one is a speed of repeated movements of body parts. The major conclusion is that there is no evidence that flexibility exists as a single general characteristic of the human body. Thus, no one composite test or no one joint action measure can give a satisfactory index of the flexibility characteristics of an individual.
Party System Stability Versus Collapse

This paper examines why some party systems collapse, while similar systems confronting what seem to be equally insurmountable obstacles survive. I argue that when party systems neglect their central task of linking society and the state, they lose their reason for existence and fail. Parties may provide linkage through any combination of three major strategies: programmatic representation, group-based incorporation, and clientelism. But if the major parties in the system are unable to satisfy mounting or changing demands for linkage and therefore fail to capture voter support, the party system collapses. When new demands challenge the core representational profile of a party system and the system’s context undermines appropriate adaptation, linkage deteriorates and the party system fails. Using Boolean algebra and comparative historical analysis of eight cases of party system collapse and survival in Latin America, Europe and Asia, I detail how linkage disintegrates, account for party system failure in some contexts, and explain how other threatened systems have endured. I find that programmatic representation deteriorates when economic crisis occurs in a context of international policy constraints and inter-party agreements, that group-based incorporation decays when the structure or type of politically salient social cleavages transform and threaten powerful, entrenched interests, and that clientelism suffers when political reforms increase demand at the same time that parties face economic crisis and reforms cut that them off from benefits to distribute. When all types of linkage deteriorate, the entire system collapses.
Incremental Learning of Variable Rate Concept Drift

We have recently introduced an incremental learning algorithm, Learn + + .NSE, for N on-S tationary E nvironments, where the data distribution changes over time due to concept drift. Learn + + .NSE is an ensemble of classifiers approach, training a new classifier on each consecutive batch of data that become available, and combining them through an age-adjusted dynamic error based weighted majority voting. Prior work has shown the algorithm's ability to track gradually changing environments as well as its ability to retain former knowledge in cases of cyclical or recurring data by retaining and appropriately weighting all classifiers generated thus far. In this contribution, we extend the analysis of the algorithm to more challenging environments experiencing varying drift rates; but more importantly we present preliminary results on the ability of the algorithm to accommodate addition or subtraction of classes over time. Furthermore, we also present comparative results of a variation of the algorithm that employs an error-based pruning in cyclical environments.
Flight Software for Space Systems

This chapter discusses the challenges, solutions, and roles of space flight software. Challenges include the embedded, real-time nature of such software, remoteness, the inherent expense of failure, and the inherent inevitability of failure. Solutions are outlined addressing each. Finally, the role of space flight software is discussed, from early guidance systems to current fully autonomous systems. Keywords: space flight software; embedded systems; real-time operating systems; execution languages; fault management; spacecraft autonomy
A Technological and Historical Consideration of Equity Issues Associated with Proposals to Change the Nation's Testing Policy

American testing is in tumult. Traditional, standardized, norm-referenced, multiple choice tests—the policy choice for the past 70 years—are under attack. The most widely touted policy alternative is a national system of examinations which would employ “authentic” assessment techniques. These techniques do not require students to select their answers from given alternatives; rather they require students to construct answers, perform, or produce something for evaluation. Authentic assessments, it is asserted, are worth teaching to; defeat negative test preparation effects associated with multiple choice tests; give teachers clear models of acceptable outcomes; have a positive influence on instruction and learning; measure higher order skills; and lay bare examinees’ thinking processes. Proponents of a national examination system argue that such a system will motivate unmotivated students; all students will meet “world class” standards; our nation’s productivity will be increased, and our global competitiveness restored; and, most importantly from the point of view of this chapter, the assessments will not be unfair to individuals or groups, and will help to improve the academic performance of all students, regardless of race, native language, culture, or gender.2
Electrical properties of the ( V 1 − x Cr x ) 2 O 3 system

Extensive electrical resistivity and Seebeck-coefficient measurements are reported for ${({\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single-crystal alloys in the range $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.1$. For $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.005$ a metal-insulator transition is encountered at 150-170 K which coincides with the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering. Above room temperature there is a gradual transition to a second metallic phase. The resistivity of the metallic phase at a fixed temperature increases by three orders of magnitude on changing the Cr content from 0 to 1.8 at.%, while the Seebeck coefficient remains virtually unaltered. For fixed alloy composition $0.005lxl0.018$, increasing temperature produces three transitions: The alloy is an antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI) at low temperatures, a metal ($M$) at intermediate temperatures, a paramagnetic insulator ($I$) at higher temperature, and then reverts back to a quasimetallic state (${M}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) at elevated temperatures. The $M\ensuremath{-}I$ transformation is accompanied by unusually large hysteresis effects. For $0.018\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.1$ only the AFI, $I$, and ${M}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phases are encountered. These findings can be accounted for in a semiempirical manner in terms of a Fermi level for the $M$ phase that intersects a local minimum in the density of states, which deepens further and ultimately gives rise to a band gap, either as $x$ is increased past the critical value of 0.0177 at fixed temperature $T$, or as $T$ is changed at constant $x$. The band gap, generated when the $I$ phase appears, is probably due to a Hubbard-type transition that is strongly affected by electron-phonon interactions; it then closes self-consistently with a further increase in $T$. The band gap obtained on cooling is associated with the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering. The generally accepted phase diagram for the system has been amended to include the existence above 450 K of another phase (${M}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) which is either a metal or a highly degenerate semiconductor.
Stromal TGF-β signaling induces AR activation in prostate cancer

// Feng Yang 1 , Yizhen Chen 1 , Tao Shen 1 , Dan Guo 1 , Olga Dakhova 2 , Michael M. Ittmann 2 , Chad J. Creighton 3 , Yiqun Zhang 3 , Truong D. Dang 1 , David R. Rowley 1 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 2 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 3 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Correspondence to: Feng Yang, e-mail: fyang@bcm.edu David Rowley, e-mail: drowley@bcm.edu Keywords: TGF-β, AR, tumor microenvironment, prostate stroma, prostate cancer, co-culture Received: April 24, 2014 Accepted: September 27, 2014 Published: November 06, 2014 ABSTRACT AR signaling is essential for the growth and survival of prostate cancer (PCa), including most of the lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). We previously reported that TGF-β signaling in prostate stroma promotes prostate tumor angiogenesis and growth. By using a PCa/stroma co-culture model, here we show that stromal TGF-β signaling induces comprehensive morphology changes of PCa LNCaP cells. Furthermore, it induces AR activation in LNCaP cells in the absence of significant levels of androgen, as evidenced by induction of several AR target genes including PSA, TMPRSS2, and KLK4. SD-208, a TGF-β receptor 1 specific inhibitor, blocks this TGF-β induced biology. Importantly, stromal TGF-β signaling together with DHT induce robust activation of AR. MDV3100 effectively blocks DHT-induced, but not stromal TGF-β signaling induced AR activation in LNCaP cells, indicating that stromal TGF-β signaling induces both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent AR activation in PCa. TGF-β induces the expression of several growth factors and cytokines in prostate stromal cells, including IL-6, and BMP-6. Interestingly, BMP-6 and IL-6 together induces robust AR activation in these co-cultures, and neutralizing antibodies against BMP-6 and IL-6 attenuate this action. Altogether, our study strongly suggests tumor stromal microenvironment induced AR activation as a direct mechanism of CRPC.