cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Customized Circuit Interconnect and Repair by Laser Seeding and Constriction-Induced Plating.

A novel method has been developed for producing customized copper interconnections on thermally-sensitive substrates by laser seeding followed by constrictioninduced electroplating. A polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or glass-epoxy substrate is first sprayed with palladium acetate solution. 500 nm thick palladium interconnects are then formed using a 514 nm argon ion laser (10 mW - 50 mW) to selectively pyrolyze the acetate film. After cleaning, the part is immersed in an acid copper electrolyte and an alternating current (0.1 Amp - 2.0 Amp) passed through the palladium seed. Joule heating produces a cathodic shift in the equilibrium potential (de0/dT = 0.63 mV/degree) which causes electrodeposition of copper along the seeded connection. Cross-sectional microscopy and electrochemical polarization studies show that local plating current densities of 10 mA/cm2 produce 1000 em × 25 em × 10 em line geometries exhibiting excellent mechanical and electrical properties. The large process window suggests that customization and repair on lincwidths below 1 mil (25 em) should be achievable routinely.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Expert Statement on Cancer Survivorship Care Planning

The seminal report from the Institute of Medicine, “From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition,” identified four essential components of survivorship care and recommended that a survivorship care plan (SCP), consisting of a treatment summary and follow-up care plan, be developed and used as a tool to deliver patient-centered care by enhancing communication between the oncology team and the patient as well as communication and coordination of care between the oncology team and the primary care provider (PCP). Nearly a decade ago, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) initiated a series of activities to promote chemotherapy treatment plans and summaries and SCPs. Unfortunately, there has been limited success in implementing SCPs in oncology practice because of barriers including, but not limited to, the time-consuming process of completing an SCP, lack of role clarity, and lack of reimbursement for preparation time. ASCO developed this statement and revised template to provide a framework for completing and sharing SCPs and to set clear expectations for survivorship care planning in the oncology setting. This statement is intended to help clinicians recognize the importance of developing patientcentered SCPs and delivering the information to both the patient and PCP and to identify barriers that may exist in completing and delivering these documents effectively.
Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Is Encoded on Ten Operons Preceded by Sigma 70-Like Promoter Elements

Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens employ type III secretion systems for infectious processes. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that encode a conserved type III secretion system that is likely requisite for growth. Typically, genes encoding type III secretion systems are located in a single locus; however, for chlamydiae these genes are scattered throughout the genome. Little is known regarding the gene regulatory mechanisms for this essential virulence determinant. To facilitate identification of cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements, the operon structure was determined. This analysis revealed 10 operons that contained 37 genes associated with the type III secretion system. Linkage within these operons suggests a role in type III secretion for each of these genes, including 13 genes encoding proteins with unknown function. The transcriptional start site for each operon was determined. In conjunction with promoter activity assays, this analysis revealed that the type III secretion system operons encode σ70-like promoter elements. Transcriptional initiation by a sigma factor responsible for constitutive gene expression indicates that undefined activators or repressors regulate developmental stage-specific expression of chlamydial type III secretion system genes.
Algorithm to generate reaction pathways for computer-assisted elucidation

An algorithm is introduced that can generate reaction-pathway hypotheses for computer-assisted elucidation. A key aspect of the algorithm is its ability to conjecture reaction intermediates and products that are not input to the algorithm. The formal basis for the conjecture is stoichiometry, i.e., species variables are used in the construction of a pathway, and their molecular formulas are inferred when sufficient stoichiometric constraint is placed on the variables. These conjectured species have a degree of plausibility when the algorithm is used systematically to search for the simplest pathways consistent with given experimental evidence. The MECHEM system for computer-assisted elucidation under development by the author adapts this algorithm to generate initial pathway hypotheses from experimental data. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Language Under the Microscope Masataka, N. (2003). The Onset of Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 281 pages. Hardback. $70.00.

After a recent trip to the zoo, my 5-year-old son, Mario, asked me, ‘‘Mama, who decided that the gorillas should be inside the cage and the people should be outside the cage?’’ He had a point. The 3-year-old gorilla was very well behaved, while the 3-year-old humans around us threw objects, yelled, and banged on the glass. I was reminded of this conversation as I opened The Onset of Language and started to read about the fascinating parallels of early communicative ontogeny in human and nonhuman primates. It can be easy to ignore these parallels when you consider only the end state of human language and nonhuman primate call systems. But, under Masataka’s microscope, the similarities in early vocal and manual behaviors in human and nonhuman primate infants and their caretakers are striking. Among the recent books on the earliest stages of
A Hardware Assisted Design Rule Check Architecture

This paper describes an architecture for design rule checking that uses a small amount of special purpose hardware to achieve a significant speed improvement over conventional methods. A fixed grid raster scan algorithm is used that allows checking of 45 ° angled edges at a modest cost in performance. Operations implemented directly in hardware include width checks, edge condition checks, boolean operations on masks, and shrinking and expansion of masks. Hardware support for rasterization is also provided. Software in a controlling processor handles all geometric data manipulation. This architecture should be able to check a simple set of design rules on a 300 mil square layout in one and one half minutes, if the controlling processor can provide data quickly enough. Layouts have been completed for two of four custom chips used in this architecture, and one has been fabricated and proven functional.
Depolarization-activated potentiation of the T fiber synapse in the blue crab

The blue crab T fiber synapse, associated with the stretch receptor of the swimming leg, has a nonspiking presynaptic element that mediates tonic transmission. This synapse was isolated and a voltage clamp circuit was used to control the membrane potential at the release sites. The dependence of transmitter release on extracellular calcium, [Ca]o, was studied over a range of 2.5-40 mM. A power relationship of 2.7 was obtained between excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) rate of rise and [Ca]o. Brief presynaptic depolarizing steps, 5-10 ms, presented at 0.5 Hz activated EPSP's of constant amplitude. Inserting a 300-ms pulse (conditioning pulse) between these test pulses potentiated the subsequent test EPSPs. This depolarization-activated potentiation (DAP) lasted for 10-20 s and decayed with a single exponential time course. The decay time course remained invariant with test pulse frequencies ranging from 0.11 to 1.1 Hz. The magnitude and decay time course of DAP were independent of the test pulse amplitudes. The magnitude of DAP was a function of conditioning pulse amplitudes. Large conditioning pulses activated large potentiations, whereas the decay time constants were not changed. The DAP is a Ca-dependent process. When the amplitude of conditioning pulses approached the Ca equilibrium potential, the magnitude of potentiation decreased. Repeated application of conditioning pulses, at 2-s intervals, did not produce additional potentiation beyond the level activated by the first conditioning pulse. Comparison of the conditioning EPSP waveforms activated repetitively indicated that potentiation lasted transiently, 100 ms, during a prolonged release. Possible mechanisms of the potentiation are discussed in light of these new findings.
Transcriptome analysis of sarracenia, an insectivorous plant.

Sarracenia species (pitcher plants) are carnivorous plants which obtain a portion of their nutrients from insects captured in the pitchers. To investigate these plants, we sequenced the transcriptome of two species, Sarracenia psittacina and Sarracenia purpurea, using Roche 454 pyrosequencing technology. We obtained 46 275 and 36 681 contigs by de novo assembly methods for S. psittacina and S. purpurea, respectively, and further identified 16 163 orthologous contigs between them. Estimation of synonymous substitution rates between orthologous and paralogous contigs indicates the events of genome duplication and speciation within the Sarracenia genus both occurred ∼2 million years ago. The ratios of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates indicated that 491 contigs have been under positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1). Significant proportions of these contigs were involved in functions related to binding activity. We also found that the greatest sequence similarity for both of these species was to Vitis vinifera, which is most consistent with a non-current classification of the order Ericales as an asterid. This study has provided new insights into pitcher plants and will contribute greatly to future research on this genus and its distinctive ecological adaptations.
Malaysian students face the age of information technology

Malaysia is a developing country with a fully articulated vision of itself being a country which is fully developed economically, politically, socially and spiritually by the year 2020. A dominant feature of national policy is the emphasis placed on information technology while remaining a moral and ethical society. It is within this societal context that Malaysian students learn about information technology and experience the Internet. As indicated by the findings of this research, Malaysian students share some of the same complaints students in fully developed countries express - too few campus connections, server breakdowns, and inadequate bandwidth for multimedia data transmission. Their favourite activities - making new friends and exploring romantic relationships - are typical adolescent behaviour across cultures. However, their oft stated concerns about user addiction and the availability of pornographic material is perhaps unique to this group of young adults.
The Training of Language Teachers in the Secondary Schools of New Hampshire

ASTUDY of the training of language teachers in the secondary schools of New Hampshire was undertaken in the winter of 1933-34 as a C.W.A. project under the direction of the Department of Languages of the University of New Hampshire. Questionnaires were sent to some 160 teachers of French, Latin, and German, and replies were received from 77 of these. Although slightly less than half of the teachers returned their questionnaires, it may be held that the replies give adequate data. If all teachers had answered, it would have been necessary to multiply all figures by two, but the percentages would probably have shown little change. This article presents the statistical results of this study and attempts to analyze and comment upon these results. Of the seventy-seven replies, seventy-one were from women teachers, six from men. I
Lec32 is a new mutation in Chinese hamster ovary cells that essentially abrogates CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity.

LEC29.Lec32 is a glycosylation mutant that was isolated from a selection of mutagenized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for lectin resistance. Compared with LEC29 CHO cells, the double mutant exhibited an unusually high sensitivity to the toxic lectin, ricin, indicating increased exposure of galactose residues on cell surface carbohydrates. Structural analysis of LEC29.Lec32 cellular glycoproteins showed a nearly complete lack of sialic acid residues. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the lec32 mutation is recessive and novel. Biochemical analysis showed that the mutant cells contained less than 5% of the cytidine 5′-monophosphate N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) present in parental CHO cells (1.6 nmol/mg of cell protein). A sensitive radiochemical assay used to measure CMP-NeuAc synthetase activity showed that the properties of this enzyme in parental CHO cells were essentially identical to those of CMP-NeuAc synthetase in various mammalian tissues. However, no CMP-NeuAc synthetase activity was detected in LEC29.Lec32 extracts. Mixing experiments provided no evidence for an inhibitor in the mutant CHO cells, and two revertants, which expressed only the LEC29 phenotype, had normal CMP-NeuAc synthetase levels. The combined evidence indicates that the lec32 mutation resides in either the structural gene encoding CMP-NeuAc synthetase or in a gene that regulates the production of active enzyme.
Ideology and Culture in Uganda Nationalism

NATIONALISM is an ideological commitment to the pursuit of the unity, independence, and interests of a people who conceive of themselves as forming a community. It may aim at uniting a community divided by political boundaries, or it may pursue the independence of a community which is incorporated within some larger political entity. In most parts of Africa, nationalism and nationalists have faced a difficult dilemma: What is the unit to which nationalist ideology should be directed? On the one hand, the colonial territories into which the continent was divided during the 19th century usually have little community of language or culture. Although these territories form the organizational matrix for the formation of political movements aimed at independence-and must necessarily do so because they are the organizational base of the power which nationalists hope to displace-still, these territories as such hold little permanent inspiration for Africans beyond opposition to the colonial powers which created them. There is little that could make up the ingredients of a Nigerian or Congolese or Tanganyikan "personality." On the other hand, the indigenous communities of Africa-the tribes-are obviously unsatisfactory bases for modern nationhood. They are usually too small and their institutions are too inadequate to the tasks of a modern state-in fact are often incompatible with these tasks. African leaders, however, want both community and viable political units; they want both the loyalty and consensus which will induce their people to support, or at least acquiesce in, the difficult tasks which lie ahead, but they also want states large enough and homogeneous enough to be capable of responding to these tasks. These problems, of course, exist in Asia as well, but the greater indigenous heterogeneity of Africa makes them particularly difficult there. Now, in one of its aspects, this is a cultural problem. There are also, of course, organizational problems in the emergence of new nations in Africaproblems concerning the arrangement. of persons and groups-but we should like to draw attention here to the cultural aspect of the process-the aspect which is concerned with the emergence of new patterns of value and belief. The new nations, in order to achieve a degree of unity of purpose, need cultures which, first, will provide a measure of consensus among their diverse peoples and, second, will be capable of the constant innovation which existence in the modern world requires. It is perhaps not an abuse of words to speak of this as a problem in "cultural management" and to use the term "ideology" to refer to that part of culture which is actively and explicitly concerned with the
The geographic variation of silver in the black tuban snail, Tegula funebralis

Abstract The geographic variation of silver concentrations in the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis , along the California coastline indicates an anthropogenic influence. Relatively elevated levels of the metal occur in organisms adjacent to major wastewater outfalls compared to those from less populated areas. This parallels the distributions of silver concentrations in other molluscs within the area. It, therefore, substantiates the proposal that the pattern is primarily due to external factors, such as wastewater discharges, rather than intraspecific differences among the samples.
Venture Initiation Courses in U.S. Business Schools

The article reports the author's opinions regarding the nature of business education in the U.S. He focuses on discussing a study related to the entrepreneurship aspect of business education. The f...
Formal methods in the THETA kernel

THETA is a secure distributed operating system designed to run on a variety of hardware platforms. We are currently undertaking an effort to formally specify and implement a new THETA kernel to improve its security properties and to increase its portability. We used a number of "formal methods" tools in developing the specification and analyzing its implementation. The report presents an overview of the THETA kernel architecture, then discusses the methods and tools that we used to develop it. We include a critique of the tools and a discussion of the relative merits of using Ada and C to implement complex secure systems. >
Dynamic Language Models for Streaming Text

We present a probabilistic language model that captures temporal dynamics and conditions on arbitrary non-linguistic context features. These context features serve as important indicators of language changes that are otherwise difficult to capture using text data by itself. We learn our model in an efficient online fashion that is scalable for large, streaming data. With five streaming datasets from two different genres— economics news articles and social media—we evaluate our model on the task of sequential language modeling. Our model consistently outperforms competing models.
Proof of the Ergodic Theorem.

Let d x i d t = X i ( x 1 , … x n ) ( i = 1 , … n ) dxidt=Xi(x1,…xn) (i=1,…n)
Functional Dissection of the Molybdate-Responsive Transcription Regulator, ModE, from Escherichia coli

The product of the Escherichia coli modE gene, ModE, is a member of a unique class of molybdate-responsive DNA binding proteins. Here we investigated the roles of the N- and C-terminal domains of ModE in mediating DNA binding and protein dimerization, respectively. Compared to the full-length protein, the N-terminal half of ModE has a greatly diminished capacity to bind the modA promoter in vitro and to repress expression from a modA-lacZ operon fusion in vivo. Fusing a protein dimerization domain, encoded by the C terminus of lambda CI repressor protein, to the truncated ModE protein generated a ModE-CI fusion protein that not only displayed a greatly increased in vivo repressor activity but could also substitute for ModE at the moaA and dmsA promoters. In the reciprocal experiment, we restored repressor activity to a truncated CI protein by addition of the C-terminal domain of ModE, which is comprised of two MopI-like subdomains. By an in vivo competition assay, we also demonstrated that the CI-ModE chimeric protein retained the ability to interact with wild-type ModE. Finally, specific deletions within the ModE portion of the CI-ModE protein chimera abolished both in vivo repression and the ability to interact with wild-type ModE. Together, these data demonstrate that the N-terminal domain of ModE is sufficient to mediate DNA binding, although efficient binding requires that ModE form a dimer, a function that is supplied by the C-terminal MopI-like subdomains.
Deriving action and behavior primitives from human motion data

We address the problem of creating basis behaviors for modularizing humanoid robot control and representing human activity. These behaviors, called perceptual-motor primitives, serve as a substrate for linking a system's perception of human activities and the ability to perform those activities. We present a data-driven method for deriving perceptual-motor action and behavior primitives from human motion capture data. In order to find these primitives, we employ a spatio-temporal non-linear dimension reduction technique on a set of motion segments. From this transformation, motions representing the same action can be clustered and generalized. Further dimension reduction iterations are applied to derive extended-duration behaviors.
Generalization of Object Manipulation Skills Learned without Limb Motion

Recent work suggests that human subjects may learn mappings between object motion and exerted torque during manipulation of freely pivoting or unstable objects. In the present work, we studied an object manipulation task involving no arm movement to determine how subjects internally represent the force-motion relationship of an object during a skilled manipulation task. Human subjects learned to balance a simulated inverted pendulum. The simulation was controlled by pressing on a fixed force sensor, and applied forces resulted in motion of the simulated pendulum on a computer screen according to its equation of motion. Each subject initially learned the task in one arm posture and was tested 1 d later in a new arm posture. In one test condition, the effects of arm torque were matched to the original task, and in the other test condition, the simulation was unchanged. The pattern of skill transfer to different arm postures suggested that subjects had learned joint torque responses rather than a general model of the object interface forces. A second experiment showed that the advantage of training with matched arm torques was object specific, because torque-matched training on a tracking task involving similar forces was not a substitute for training in the balancing task.
Targeting of NAD Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Potential Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Tumors

Purpose: Here, we describe a novel interplay between NAD synthesis and degradation involved in pancreatic tumor growth. Experimental Design: We used human pancreatic cancer cells, both in vitro (cell culture experiments) and in vivo (xenograft experiments), to demonstrate the role of NAD synthesis and degradation in tumor cell metabolism and growth. Results: We demonstrated that pharmacologic and genetic targeting of Nampt, the key enzyme in the NAD salvage synthesis pathway, inhibits cell growth and survival of pancreatic cancer cells. These changes were accompanied by a reduction of NAD levels, glycolytic flux, lactate production, mitochondrial function, and levels of ATP. The massive reduction in overall metabolic activity induced by Nampt inhibition was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in pancreatic tumor growth. The results of the mechanistic experiments showed that neither the NAD-dependent enzymes PARP-1 nor SIRT1 play a significant role on the effect of Nampt inhibition on pancreatic cancer cells. However, we identified a role for the NAD degradation pathway mediated by the NADase CD38 on the sensitivity to Nampt inhibition. The responsiveness to Nampt inhibition is modulated by the expression of CD38; low levels of this enzyme decrease the sensitivity to Nampt inhibition. In contrast, its overexpression decreased cell growth in vitro and in vivo , and further increased the sensitivity to Nampt inhibition. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that NAD metabolism is essential for pancreatic cancer cell survival and proliferation and that targeting NAD synthesis via the Nampt pathway could lead to novel therapeutic treatments for pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 120–30. ©2013 AACR .
Osteoclast Progenitors Reside in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ-Expressing Bone Marrow Cell Population

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells essential for skeletal development, homeostasis, and regeneration. They derive from hematopoietic progenitors in the monocyte/macrophage lineage and differentiate in response to RANKL. However, the precise nature of osteoclast progenitors is a longstanding and important question. Using inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-tTA TRE-GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter mice, we show that osteoclast progenitors reside specifically in the PPARγ-expressing hematopoietic bone marrow population and identify the quiescent PPARγ(+) cells as osteoclast progenitors. Importantly, two PPARγ-tTA TRE-Cre-controlled genetic models provide compelling functional evidence. First, Notch activation in PPARγ(+) cells causes high bone mass due to impaired osteoclast precursor proliferation. Second, selective ablation of PPARγ(+) cells by diphtheria toxin also causes high bone mass due to decreased osteoclast numbers. Furthermore, PPARγ(+) cells respond to both pathological and pharmacological resorption-enhancing stimuli. Mechanistically, PPARγ promotes osteoclast progenitors by activating GATA2 transcription. These findings not only identify the long-sought-after osteoclast progenitors but also establish unprecedented tools for their visualization, isolation, characterization, and genetic manipulation.
Protective and risk factors associated with drug use among Hispanic youth

Analysis of data from a nationally representative sample of Hispanic youths age 12-17 and their parents was done to investigate the impact of a number of variables on youths' drug-using behavior. The significance of youth, household, and parental characteristics were tested using measures of youth drug use as dependent variables in regression models. Parents' attitudes and use of licit and illicit drugs were found to play an important role in their children's drug use behavior. The results also provide some support for theh hypothesis that Hispanic children whose parents are more acculturated into American society are at higher risk of using drugs. Youths of Mexican origin, youths living outside large metropolitan areas, and females were found to be more likely to use drugs. The results provide supportive evidence that for drug prevention education programs to be effective with Hispanic youths, they must be family oriented.
Climate-driven changes in forest succession and the influence of management on forest carbon dynamics in the Puget Lowlands of Washington State, USA

Projecting the response of forests to changing climate requires understanding how biotic and abiotic controls on tree growth will change over time. As temperature and interannual precipitation variability increase, the overall forest response is likely to be influenced by species-specific responses to changing climate. Management actions that alter composition and density may help buffer forests against the effects of changing climate, but may require tradeoffs in ecosystem services. We sought to quantify how projected changes in climate and different management regimes would alter the composition and productivity of Puget Lowland forests in Washington State, USA. We modeled forest responses to four treatments (control, burn-only, thin-only, thin-and-burn) under five different climate scenarios: baseline climate (historical) and projections from two climate models (CCSM4 and CNRM-CM5), driven by moderate (RCP 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) emission scenarios. We also simulated the effects of intensive management to restore Oregon white oak woodlands (Quercus garryana) for the western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) and quantified the effects of these treatments on the probability of oak occurrence and carbon sequestration. At the landscape scale we found little difference in carbon dynamics between baseline and moderate emission scenarios. However, by late-century under the high emission scenario, climate change reduced forest productivity and decreased species richness across a large proportion of the study area. Regardless of the climate scenario, we found that thinning and burning treatments increased the carbon sequestration rate because of decreased resource competition. However, increased productivity with management was not sufficient to prevent an overall decline in productivity under the high emission scenario. We also found that intensive oak restoration treatments were effective at increasing the probability of oak presence and that the limited extent of the treatments resulted in small declines in total ecosystem carbon across the landscape as compared to the thin-and-burn treatment. Our research suggests that carbon dynamics in this system under the moderate emission scenario may be fairly consistent with the carbon dynamics under historical climate, but that the high emission scenario may alter the successional trajectory of these forests.
Mechanical Impedance of the Non-loaded Lower Leg with Relaxed Muscles in the Transverse Plane

This paper describes the protocols and results of the experiments for the estimation of the mechanical impedance of the humans’ lower leg in the External-Internal (EI) direction in the transverse plane under non-load bearing condition and with relaxed muscles. The objectives of the estimation of the lower leg’s mechanical impedance are to facilitate the design of passive and active prostheses with mechanical characteristics similar to the humans’ lower leg, and to define a reference that can be compared to the values from the patients suffering from spasticity. The experiments were performed with 10 unimpaired male subjects using a lower extremity rehabilitation robot (Anklebot, Interactive Motion Technologies, Inc.) capable of applying torque perturbations to the foot. The subjects were in a seated position, and the Anklebot recorded the applied torques and the resulting angular movement of the lower leg. In this configuration, the recorded dynamics are due mainly to the rotations of the ankle’s talocrural and the subtalar joints, and any contribution of the tibiofibular joints and knee joint. The dynamic mechanical impedance of the lower leg was estimated in the frequency domain with an average coherence of 0.92 within the frequency range of 0 to 30Hz, showing a linear correlation between the displacement and the torques within this frequency range under the conditions of the experiment. The mean magnitude of the quasi-static stiffness of the lower leg (the impedance magnitude averaged in the range of 0-1 Hz) was determined as 4.9±0.74 Nm/rad. The direct estimation of the quasi-static stiffness of the lower leg results in the mean value of 5.8±0.81 Nm/rad. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the estimated values for the quasi-static stiffness from the two experiments are not statistically different.
Indirect Free Riding on the Wheels of Commerce: Dual-Use Technologies and Copyright Liability

Recent years have witnessed explosion in copyright literature on potential indirect liability of providers of dual-use technologies - technologies that are capable of infringing and noninfringing uses. The existing literature, however, fails to identify several important characteristics of copyright disputes over dual-use technologies. This Article finds that attempts to impose indirect liability on providers of dual-use technologies tend to appear in multisided markets, which are business environments in which market intermediaries connect members of different, distinct groups. The Article shows that indirect network externalities that multisided markets generate are the value that stirs up disputes over dual-use technologies. The Article explains the nature of indirect network externalities and their significance to copyright law. It characterizes the properties of markets in which disputes over dual-use technologies tend to arise, offers criteria to differentiate among dual-use technologies, and examines the desirability of present copyright liability rules. The analytical framework advanced in this Article offers courts, policymakers, and scholars practical guidelines for distinguishing between socially desirable and undesirable dual-use technologies. The framework also exposes some limitations of present copyright law in addressing the problem of dual-use technologies.
Nine-Year Trend of Anticoagulation Use, Thromboembolic Events, and Major Bleeding in Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation – Shinken Database Analysis –

Background Trends of oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription and incidence of thromboembolism (TE) and/or major bleeding (MB) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in Japan are still unclear. Methods and results We used data from Shinken Database 2004-2012, which included all new patients attending the Cardiovascular Institute between June 2004 and March 2013. Of them, 2,434 patients were diagnosed with NVAF. Patients were divided into 3 time periods according to the year of initial visit: 2004-2006 (n=681), 2007-2009 (n=833), and 2010-2012 (n=920). OAC prescription rate steadily increased from 2004-2006 to 2010-2012. Between 2004-2006 and 2007-2009, irrespective of increased warfarin usage, MB tended to decrease, presumably due to low-intensity therapy and avoidance of concomitant use of dual antiplatelets, but TE did not improve. In 2010-2012, direct OACs (DOAC), preferred in low-risk patients, may have contributed to not only decrease TE, but also increase MB, especially extracranial bleeds. In high-risk patients in that time period, mostly treated with warfarin, incidence of TE and MB did not improve. Conclusions The 9-year trend of stroke prevention indicated a steady increase of OAC prescription and a partial improvement of TE and MB. Even in the era of DOAC, TE prevention was insufficient in high-risk patients, and DOAC were associated with increased extracranial bleeding. (Circ J 2016; 80: 639-649).
PEC-PMC Baffle Inside Circular Cross Section Waveguide for Reduction of Cut-Off Frequency

A design and position of a baffle placed inside a circular waveguide is presented which leads to the lowest possible cutoff frequency. The reduction in the cutoff frequency is achieved by having one side of the baffle be PEC while the other is PMC. The introduction of PMC boundary conditions leads to unique eigenvalues for the dominant mode resulting in 66% reduction in the cutoff frequency compared to that of a circular waveguide with a baffle with PEC surfaces on both sides and 41.7% reduction in the cutoff frequency compared to that of an empty waveguide. An $e^{j\omega t}$ time convention is used.
Microring resonators vertically coupled to buried heterostructure bus waveguides

We demonstrate optical transmission of all-epitaxial, semiconductor microring resonators vertically coupled to buried heterostructure bus waveguides for the first time. Planar, vertically stacked waveguides are successfully grown on BH mesas by conducting a two-step regrowth process.
Two New Species of American Ceratopogonidae (Diptera)

♀. Antennae slender, elongate, each segment with a few stout bristle-like hairs in addition to the setulae, resembling that of Ceratobezzia (fig. 20, p. 767). Thorax arched and with short, erect, scattered, discalbristles in addition to the decumbent hairs, as in Dicrobezzia (fig. 23, p. 767). Femora and fifth tarsal segments without stout ventral spines; all claws strong, very large, much curved, without basal tooth, one claw on each foot somewhat shorter than the other (fig. 21, p. 767); fourth tarsal segment cordate. Wing (fig. 12, p. 765) with a single radial cell anterior to the posterior branch of the radius; costa produced beyond the tip of this vein; media petiolate; microtrichia visible under a magnification of 300 diameters.
Kπ Scattering, κ Meson, and Current Algebra

We discuss $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering, using a low-energy-dominated sum rule derived from the $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ algebra of currents, assuming the pionic and the kaonic pole dominance hypotheses. The exact validity of the latter assumptions implies a much larger $S$-wave $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering in the $I=\frac{1}{2}$ channel than in the $I=\frac{3}{2}$ channel. The use of the current-algebra scattering lengths for threshold elastic $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering suggests that this discrimination is due to a scalar $I=\frac{1}{2}$ resonance. If this is the $\ensuremath{\kappa}(725)$, a width \ensuremath{\ge}28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 MeV is predicted. If, however, the error in kaonic pole dominance is greater than 30%, the existence of the $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ would not be required.
Abstract 2815: Sylvestrol inhibits protein synthesis by downregulating the AKT/mTOR pathway

Silvestrol, a cyclopenta[b]benzofuran lignan present in the fruits and twigs of the tropical tree Aglaia foveolata Pannell (Meliaceae), is toxic to human cancer cell lines in culture with a potency similar to those of FDA approved anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. We report here that silvestrol has a mean GI50 of approximately 3 nM in the 60 cell-line panel of human cancer cell lines maintained at the National Cancer Institute. Furthermore, silvestrol is at least as effective as FDA-approved anticancer agents in the treatment of human cancer cells in vivo when tested in the hollow fiber assay or the inhibition of human tumor xenograft tumors propagated in immunedeficient mice. Others as well as our group have reported that silvestrol inhibits protein biosynthesis specifically without affecting the cellular production of either RNA or DNA. Pelletier and colleagues have shown that silvestrol impairs the ribosome recruitment step of translation initiation by affecting the composition of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F complex. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that disruption of protein synthesis by silvestrol can impact cell signaling pathways upstream of translation. Human colon cancer cells designated HT-29 were exposed to silvestrol at concentrations as high as 100 nM for as long as 48 h prior to harvest and evaluation by immunoblot. Protein signaling molecules known to regulate the protein synthesis machinery were evaluated for their abundance and state of phosphorylation as a function of silvestrol exposure. We observed down-regulation of the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, which phosphorylates PIP2 to PIP3. PIP3 then recruits PDK1 and AKT to the plasma membrane, where PDK1 can phosphorylate AKT. A decrease in the amount of PDK1 protein and a significant decrease in phosphorylation of AKT at ser 473 occurred. Moreover, a decrease in both the abundance and phosphorylation of mTOR was evident, which is a key component of mTORC2. Consistent with these findings, phosphorylation of AKT at thr 308 was significantly reduced. Finally, silvestrol exposure resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein serine 235/236. These data indicate that silvestrol treatment can disrupt key signaling pathways leading to protein synthesis production in human cancer cells. This work was supported by NIH grants U01 CA52956 and P01 CA125066. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2815. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2815
First-principles study of atomic and electronic structures of 60 ∘ perfect and 30 ∘ / 90 ∘ partial glide dislocations in CdTe

The atomic and electronic structures of ${60}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ glide perfect and ${30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}/{90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ glide partial dislocations in CdTe are studied using combined semi-empirical and density functional theory calculations. The calculations predict that the dislocation cores tend to undergo significant reconstructions along the dislocation lines from the singly-periodic (SP) structures, yielding either doubly-periodic (DP) ordering by forming a dimer or quadruply-periodic (QP) ordering by alternating a dimer and a missing dimer. Charge modulation along the dislocation line, accompanied by the QP reconstruction for the Cd-/Te-core ${60}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ perfect and ${30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ partials or the DP reconstruction for the Cd-core ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ partial, results in semiconducting character, as opposed to the metallic character of the SP dislocation cores. Dislocation-induced defect states for the ${60}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ Cd-/Te-core are located relatively close to the band edges, whereas the defect states lie in the middle of the band gap for the ${30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ Cd-/Te-core partial dislocations. In addition to the intracore charge modulation within each QP core, the possibility of intercore charge transfer between two different dislocation cores when they are paired together in the same system is discussed. The analysis of the electronic structures reveals the potential role of the dislocations on charge transport in CdTe, particularly in terms of charge trapping and recombination.
Stomatal response to humidity and CO2 implicated in recent decline in US evaporation.

Evapotranspiration, defined as the total flux of water from the land surface to the atmosphere, is a major component of the hydrologic cycle and surface energy balance. Although evapotranspiration is expected to intensify with increasing temperatures, long-term, regional trends in evapotranspiration remain uncertain due to spatially and temporally limited direct measurements. In this study, we utilize an emergent relation between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer to infer daily evapotranspiration from historical meteorological data collected at 236 weather stations across the United States. Our results suggest a statistically significant (α = 0.05) decrease in evapotranspiration of approximately 6% from 1961 to 2014, with a significant (α = 0.05) sharp decline of 13% from 1998 to 2014. We attribute the decrease in evapotranspiration mostly to declines in surface conductance, but also to offsetting changes in longwave radiation, wind speed, and incoming solar radiation. Using an established stomatal conductance model, we explain the changes in inferred surface conductance as a response to increases in carbon dioxide and, more recently, to an abrupt decrease in atmospheric humidity.
Conceptual modeling of data with provenance

Traditional database systems manage data, but often do not address its provenance. In the past, users were often implicitly familiar with data they used, how it was created (and hence how it might be appropriately used), and from which sources it came. Today, users may be physically and organizationally remote from the data they use, so this information may not be easily accessible to them. In recent years, several models have been proposed for recording provenance of data. Our work is motivated by opportunities to make provenance easy to manage and query. For example, current approaches model provenance as expressions that may be easily stored alongside data, but are difficult to parse and reconstruct for querying, and are difficult to query with available languages. We contribute a conceptual model for data and provenance, and evaluate how well it addresses these opportunities. We compare the expressive power of our model’s language to that of other models. We also define a benchmark suite with which to study performance of our model, and use this suite to study key model aspects implemented on existing software platforms. We discover some salient performance bottlenecks in these implementations, and suggest future work to explore improvements. Finally, we show that our implementations can comprise a logical model that faithfully supports our conceptual model.
Dialectic at Trinity College, Dublin

This roughly chronological survey of the dialectical tradition has proceeded from the general (dialectic) to this chapter on the particular (dialectic at a certain college), which begins with a few facts regarding Swift at Trinity College, Dublin. From 1674 to 1682, aged six to fourteen, Swift was sent by his uncle, Godwin Swift, to Kilkenny Grammar School midway between Dublin and Cork, described as the best school in Ireland, one of the best in the British Isles, the Eton of Ireland. The connections between Kilkenny and Trinity were close, with the Duke of Ormond patron of the one and chancellor of the other, and the Provost of Trinity always one of the three visitors of Kilkenny. Swift entered Trinity on 24 April 1682 at the age of 14 and remained there seven years, taking his BA degree in February 1686 and staying on for three years’ study towards the MA, until the enforcing of James II’s Catholic programme in Ireland caused such fears that by early 1689 Swift sailed for England, about the time that the college plate and manuscripts were sent over.
Real-time, propellant-optimized spacecraft motion planning under Clohessy-Wiltshire-Hill dynamics

This paper presents a sampling-based motion planning algorithm for real-time, propellant-optimized autonomous spacecraft trajectory generation in near-circular orbits. Specifically, this paper leverages recent algorithmic advances in the field of robot motion planning to the problem of impulsively-actuated, propellant-optimized rendezvous and proximity operations under the Clohessy-Wiltshire-Hill (CWH) dynamics model. The approach calls upon a modified version of the Fast Marching Tree (FMT∗) algorithm to grow a set of feasible and actively-safe trajectories over a deterministic, low-dispersion set of sample points covering the free state space. Key features of the proposed algorithm include: (i) theoretical guarantees of trajectory safety and performance, (ii) real-time implementability, and (iii) generality, in the sense that a large class of constraints can be handled directly. As a result, the proposed algorithm offers the potential for widespread application, ranging from on-orbit satellite servicing to orbital debris removal and autonomous inspection missions.
Clovis Origin Update

ABSTRACTRecent research sheds new light on the period from 12,000 to 11,500 b.p., which is critical for undertstanding the origin of Clovis culture. Based on evidence available today, it appears likely that, late in the Pleistocene, caucasoid bands, bearing an Upper Paleolithic tool kit, migrated eastward from Central Asia to eastern Siberia and, eventually, across Beringia. On the way, they intermixed with sinodont peoples of northeast Asia in such a way that sinodonty became genetically dominant, but the tool kit was little changed. Between 13,000 and 12,000 b.p., one or more bands moved southward from Alaska through an ever-widening corridor between the retreating glaciers. It was after they passed beyond the remains of the ice barrier that a talented flint knapper invented the fluted projectile point. Whether or not they encountered other people already here remains to be determined.
Sequential Monte Carlo tracking for marginal artery segmentation on CT angiography by multiple cue fusion.

In this work we formulate vessel segmentation on contrast-enhanced CT angiogram images as a Bayesian tracking problem. To obtain posterior probability estimation of vessel location, we employ sequential Monte Carlo tracking and propose a new vessel segmentation method by fusing multiple cues extracted from CT images. These cues include intensity, vesselness, organ detection, and bridge information for poorly enhanced segments from global path minimization. By fusing local and global information for vessel tracking, we achieved high accuracy and robustness, with significantly improved precision compared to a traditional segmentation method (p=0.0002). Our method was applied to the segmentation of the marginal artery of the colon, a small bore vessel of potential importance for colon segmentation and CT colonography. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.