cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital Image Correlation for Improved Detection of Basal Cell Carcinoma

Border detection is a critical aspect during removal of a basal cell carcinoma tumor. Since the tumor is only 3% to 50% as stiff as the healthy skin surrounding it, strain concentrates in the tumor during deformation. Here we develop a digital image correlation (DIC) technique for improved lateral border detection based upon the strain concentrations associated with the stiffness difference of healthy and cancerous skin. Gelatin skin phantoms and pigskin specimens are prepared with compliant inclusions of varying shapes, sizes, and stiffnesses. The specimens with inclusions as well as several control specimens are loaded under tension, and the full-field strain and displacement fields measured by DIC. Significant strain concentrations develop around the compliant inclusions in gelatin skin phantoms, enabling detection of the tumor border to within 2% of the actual border. At a lower magnification, the lateral border between a pigskin/inclusion interface is determined within 23% of the border. Strain concentrations are identified by DIC measurements and associated with the lateral edges of the compliant inclusions. The experimental DIC protocol developed for model specimens has potential as a tool to aid in more accurate detection of basal cell carcinoma borders.
Expression and Functional Role of Orphan Receptor GPR158 in Prostate Cancer Growth and Progression

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality, after lung cancer, in men from developed countries. In its early stages, primary tumor growth is dependent on androgens, thus generally can be controlled by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Eventually however, the disease progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a lethal form in need of more effective treatments. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large clan of cell surface proteins that have been implicated as therapeutic targets in PCa growth and progression. The findings reported here provide intriguing evidence of a role for the newly characterized glutamate family member GPR158 in PCa growth and progression. We found that GPR158 promotes PCa cell proliferation independent of androgen receptor (AR) functionality and that this requires its localization in the nucleus of the cell. This suggests that GPR158 acts by mechanisms different from other GPCRs. GPR158 expression is stimulated by androgens and GPR158 stimulates AR expression, implying a potential to sensitize tumors to low androgen conditions during ADT via a positive feedback loop. Further, we found GPR158 expression correlates with a neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation phenotype and promotes anchorage-independent colony formation implying a role for GPR158 in therapeutic progression and tumor formation. GPR158 expression was increased at the invading front of prostate tumors that formed in the genetically defined conditional Pten knockout mouse model, and co-localized with elevated AR expression in the cell nucleus. Kaplan-Meier analysis on a dataset from the Memorial Sloan Kettering cancer genome portal showed that increased GPR158 expression in tumors is associated with lower disease-free survival. Our findings strongly suggest that pharmaceuticals targeting GPR158 activities could represent a novel and innovative approach to the prevention and management of CRPC.
Race-based therapy for hypertension: possible benefits and potential pitfalls

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which includes coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. This article examines the possible benefits and potential pitfalls of utilizing race-based categories for antihypertensive therapy. Although the use of race and ethnicity to guide antihypertensive treatment is fraught with difficulty and is, to a large extent, inadequate, there may be benefit in recognizing specific aspects of race and ethnicity when approaching patients with hypertension. Evidence from clinical trials, including drug efficacy and safety comparisons and cardiovascular outcomes, has demonstrated some differences based on race/ethnicity. American federal standards strongly encourage capturing data on race/ethnicity, and most of the current data are available for self-described African-Americans. International studies increasingly identify race/ethnicity, although the data are not as robust as in US trials. Current guidelines recommend thiazide diuretics and/or long-acting calcium channel blockers as initial treatment for Blacks, although medications for compelling indications agents should be prescribed, regardless of race/ethnicity.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor GFRα1 is expressed in the rat striatum during postnatal development

Dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) undergo a natural cell death event which is biphasic, with peaks at postnatal days (PNDs) 2 and 14. There is growing evidence that GDNF functions as a striatal target-derived neurotrophic factor to regulate the first phase. It has been unknown whether the GDNF receptor, GFRalpha1, may play a role in regulating either phase. To evaluate a possible role for GFRalpha1 we have examined its expression throughout postnatal development in the SN and particularly in the striatum, where its expression has been uncertain. GFRalpha1 mRNA is highly expressed in SN, as previously shown, with highest levels at PND14-28. We find that it is also expressed in striatum with a similar time course, but with a more discrete period of maximal expression between PND10 and PND14. The cellular basis of this maximum of expression is an increased number of GFRalpha1 mRNA-positive medium-sized neurons evenly distributed within the striatum. Immunostaining reveals GFRalpha1 protein-positive neurons with a similar morphology and distribution. We conclude that GFRalpha1 is expressed in striatum maximally late in postnatal development. In this location it may act in trans to influence the viability and development of nigral dopamine neurons.
Evaluation of a Software Implementation of the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM)

The Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) represents a second-generation approach to human reliability analysis (HRA). The method, however, is very tedious to apply manually and not yet in widespread use and therefore largely untested. To allow for rapid and systematic evaluation of the CREAM method, a software tool for its application was developed. Results from several analyses undertaken to evaluate the method and the tool are also presented. The simplicity of our CREAM software allowed novices to analyze events in much detail but also revealed some critical shortcomings in both the method and the software tool. Several conclusions could be drawn from this allow for drafting of specific design guidelines for future upgrades of the CREAM software. These conclusions and recommendations can be further generalized to all software applications of HRA methods
Arrhythmias after cardiac transplantation.

Abstract To determine the nature and frequency of arrhythmias that affect the denervated transplanted human heart, we examined sequential electrocardiograms in 45 of the first 47 cardiac allograft recipients at Stanford University Hospital. Atrial arrhythmias were detected in 72 percent of patients and were frequently associated with acute or chronic rejection episodes. Ventricular premature beats were noted in 57 percent of patients. Two patients had electrocardiographically documented ventricular fibrillation, and two additional patients died suddenly from presumed ventricular arrhythmias. Preliminary data indicate that these arrhythmias can be treated successfully with antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversion or treatment of the underlying rejection process. Our experience suggests that autonomic innervation of the heart is not a prerequisite for the development of cardiac arrhythmias and is not required for response to antiarrhythmic therapy.
Troponin and S100 beta are associated with depression in healthy older adults.

Objectives: Depression has a significant impact on the functioning of older adults and often precedes cognitive decline or dementia. The current study examines the association between biomarkers related to neurocognitive outcome and depression in this population. Method: Thirty-five older adults without significant neurological or psychiatric history underwent fasting blood draw and psychological testing. Self-reported measures of current and history of depression and assays for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, S100-beta, amyloid beta, and troponin were analyzed. Results: Troponin levels were found to be inversely related to current depression (r = −0.35, p = 0.03), while individuals who reported having a past history of depression had significantly higher levels of S100β than those who did not report this (t (33) = −2.08, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The current study shows some support for the association of neurocognitive biomarkers to depression, though the mechanisms for these relationships are unclear a...
Economic case for the retirement of geosynchronous communication satellites via space tugs

Both the United Nations (UN) and the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) have published a ruling that calls for geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites to be placed in a disposal orbit at the end of their operational lives. Current procedures utilize spacecraft residual propellant and represent a major life-limiting factor for GEO satellites. An alternative approach would be to allow a space tug to capture and move the satellites after all of their fuel has been exhausted. This extended lifetime can provide significant additional revenue to some satellite operators. Before committing to such a capability, however, the lifecycle costs of a space tug infrastructure must be carefully weighed against the opportunity costs of the current retirement practice. This paper investigates the questions of tug costs, perceived benefits, and service fee. It builds a framework that can be used in evaluating various on-orbit servicing opportunities and proposes that the service fee should be charged as a percentage of the additional revenue received by the satellite operators and analyzes how cost estimation uncertainties affect the value of on-orbit tugging. The presented analysis concludes that until advanced propulsion systems gain greater use, retirement via a space tug will be of value for the 10–20 most expensive GEO assets.
Thermal capacitance matching in 3D many-core architectures

While 3D stacked multi-processor technology offers the potential for significant computing advantages, these architectures also face with the significant challenge of small, localized hotspots with very large power dissipation due to the placement of asymmetric cores, heterogeneous devices and performance driven layouts. In this paper, a new thermal management solution is proposed that seeks to maximize the performance of microprocessors with dynamically managed power profiles. To mitigate the non-uniformities in chip temperature profiles resulting from the dynamic power maps, phase change materials (PCMs) with an embedded heat spreader network are strategically positioned near localized hotspots, resulting in a large increase in the local thermal capacitance in these problematic areas. We show that this results in an up-to-twenty-fold increase in the time that a thermally constrained core can operate before a power gating or core migration event is required.
Minimum particle volume of tilted and composite media considering magneto-static interactions

The areal density limit of magnetic recording is determined by the minimum magnetic grain size of the recording medium. Thermal stability sets this minimum, which is limited by the maximum head field. To extend this density limit, tilted media (TPR), which inclines the anisotropy angle, and composite media, which comprises a hard and soft magnetic sub-grain with weak exchange coupling have been proposed. In this study, we compare the advantage of these media theoretically to conventional perpendicular recording (CPR), especially focusing on the role of the magneto-static interaction. Here the magneto-static interaction includes both the thin film demagnetizing field and the coupling between the two sub-grains of the composite media.
Time Is Brain—Quantified

Background and Purpose— The phrase “time is brain” emphasizes that human nervous tissue is rapidly lost as stroke progresses and emergent evaluation and therapy are required. Recent advances in qua...
Influence of MODIS-Derived Dynamic Vegetation on VIC-Simulated Soil Moisture in Oklahoma

AbstractSoil moisture–vegetation interactions are an important component of land–atmosphere coupling, especially in semiarid regions such as the North American Great Plains. However, many land surface models parameterize vegetation using an interannually invariant leaf area index (LAI). This study quantifies how utilizing a dynamic vegetation parameter in the variability infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrologic model influences model-simulated soil moisture. Accuracy is assessed using in situ soil moisture observations from 20 stations from the Oklahoma Mesonet. Results show that VIC simulations generated with an interannually variant LAI parameter are not consistently more accurate than those generated with the invariant (static) LAI parameter. However, the static LAI parameter tends to overestimate LAI during anomalously dry periods. This has the greatest influence on the accuracy of the soil moisture simulations in the deeper soil layers. Soil moisture drought, as simulated with the static LAI parameter,...
Venture-Backed Firms: How Does Venture Capital Involvement Affect Their Likelihood of Going Public or Being Acquired?

This paper investigates how venture capitalists’ involvement in new ventures affects the likelihood of entrepreneurial exit, either via an acquisition or via an initial public offering. We examine ...
An argument for television in the civil courtroom

Some of the materials used in this article were originally gathered for the purpose of gaining permission for University of Wisconsin's WHA‐TV to televise the proceedings of the trial of Jane C. Braun, et al vs. the City of Madison, Otto Festge, Mayor of the City of Madison, et al. Although Dane County Circuit Court Judge Edwin M. Wilkie found “that such telecasting of judicial proceedings in this case under the plan outlined by Station WHA and the control of the trial court would be accomplished without disrupting such judicial proceedings and without prejudicing the rights of the parties in that the equipment used, including cameras, microphones, and other electronic equipment would be unobstrusively placed and would not interfere with orderly court procedure or have a psychological effect upon participants in the trial . . . that it would not in any respect encroach upon full and fair trial of the case and would not result in the reproduction or telecast of court proceedings to the public in such way a...
Defining additive subgroups of the reals from convex subsets

Let G be a subgroup of the additive group of real numbers and let C ⊆ G be infinite and convex in G. We show that G is definable in (R, +,.,C) and that Z is definable if G has finite rank. This has a number of consequences for expansions of certain o-minimal structures on the real field by multiplicative groups of complex numbers.
Change Management for Survival: Becoming an Adaptive Leader

The paper evaluates change management as an imperative for success for the individual leader and his or her organization. Change management is first analyzed from an individual perspective and then from an organizational perspective. An individual must thoroughly understand the various stages involved in change management to successfully navigate dramatic change in their lives. Likewise, at the organizational level an adaptive leader must understand the important change management process while also being proactive in change implementation by focusing on developing an adaptive work environment (Asoh, 2004; Locke & Tarantino, 2006; Powell, 1987; Williamson, 1991). The adaptive leader understands that, as Heifetz and Laurie (2001) state, an adaptive leader “must strike a delicate balance between having people feel the need to change and having them feel overwhelmed by change, leadership is a razor’s edge” (p. 134). This paper establishes and evaluates the key steps used by an adaptive leader during the change management process to ensure the effective implementation of organizational change in a manner that has a positive impact on the organization’s workforce.
Blind channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM systems using virtual carriers

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are attractive because of their large capacity and high data rate. The paper presents a blind channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM systems with and without a cyclic prefix (CP) by using the presence of virtual carriers. The proposed method is based on the noise subspace method. In addition, we establish a sufficient condition for channels to be identifiable. The proposed algorithm can be applied to MIMO-OFDM systems with insufficient CP or no CP, thereby potentially increasing channel utilization. Furthermore, by using reduced CP or no CP, the proposed method can achieve lower computational complexity. We present simulation results demonstrating the performance of the proposed method via numerical experiments.
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma in the Native Ureter of a Renal Transplant Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Endometriosis is characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, and rectovaginal septum, and, in rare cases, within the urinary tract (1–3%). Although endometriosis is a benign condition, malignant transformation of endometriosis is a well-described phenomenon. Malignancies arising in endometriosis are uncommon at extragonadal pelvic sites. A case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the native ureter of a postmenopausal renal transplant patient presented with painless gross hematuria and hydroureteronephrosis. The patient had a history of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy 14 years prior for menorrhagia and had since been on unopposed estrogen replacement therapy. Workup revealed a filling defect in the native left mid-ureter secondary to a large 2.5-cm ureteral tumor. Endoscopic biopsies of the native left ureteral mass showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma, grade II-III. The patient ultimately underwent an open native left nephroureterectomy and temporary diverting colostomy. Final pathology confirmed endometrioid adenocarcinoma, grade II-III, arising in a background of endometriosis with negative perirectal lymph nodes. This case of ureteral endometrioid adenocarcinoma highlights the importance of obtaining a careful history and maintaining a high index of suspicion for malignant degeneration, especially in the context of hyperestrogenism.
Chameleon: application level power management with performance isolation

In this paper, we present Chameleon---an application-level power management approach for reducing energy consumption in mobile processors. Our approach exports the entire responsibility of power management decisions to the application level. We propose an operating system interface that can be used by applications to achieve energy savings. We consider three classes of applications---soft real-time, interactive and batch---and design user-level power management strategies for representative applications such as a movie player, a word processor, a web browser, and a batch compiler. We also design a user level power manager based on GraceOS using Chameleon. We implement our approach in the Linux kernel running on a Sony Transmeta laptop. Our experiments show that, compared to the traditional system-wide CPU voltage scaling approaches, Chameleon can achieve up to 32-50% energy savings while delivering comparable or better performance to applications. Further, Chameleon imposes small overheads and is very effective at scheduling concurrent applications with diverse energy needs.
Economic grounds for affirmative action: The evidence on architects and engineers in South Florida

Abstract Using data developed for, and presented to, the US District Court, this study evaluates the performance of women-, African-American-, and Hispanic-owned firms vis-a-vis firms owned by neither women nor minorities in three different South Florida markets: architecture, structural engineering, and civil engineering. After controlling for the influence of experience, size, and location, three of the most commonly used determinants of firms' earnings, the empirical results suggest that the three markets do not convert firms' characteristics into economic outcomes in the same manner for women and Hispanic owners as for owners who are neither women nor minorities.
Narrative Networks: Patterns of Technology and Organization

This paper introduces the narrative network as a device for representing patterns of “technology in use.” The narrative network offers a novel conceptual vocabulary for the description of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their relationship to organizational forms. We argue that as ICTs have become increasingly modular and recombinable, so have organizational processes and forms. The narrative network draws on concepts from structuration theory, actor network theory (ANT), and the theory of organizational routines. A narrative network expresses the set of stories (performances) that have been, or could be, generated by combining and recombining fragments of technology in use. This paper discusses how thinking of technology and organizations as narrative networks influences our understanding of design.
Aerodynamics and Flow Control over Swept Wings and Wings with Diamond Planform

Wings swept by 30 to 40 degrees are today very common in fighter aircraft. And yet, there is very little work devoted to the understanding of the aerodynamics of such wings. In this paper we study the aerodynamics and the flow control of two sharp-edged wing models. Two control mechanisms are employed, an oscillating mini-flap and a pulsed jet. Our Model A is a finite wing with parallel leading and trailing edges and a rectangular tip. This wing is swept by 0 0, 20 0 , and 40 0 . Our Model B is a wing with a diamond planform, with a leading edge sweep of 42 0 . Surface pressure distributions are obtained and the control flow results are contrasted with the no-control cases. Our results indicate flow control is very effective at 20 0 sweep, but less so at 40 0 or 42 0 . It was found that steady spanwise blowing is much more effective at the higher sweep angle.
Absence of PKR Attenuates the Anti-HSV-1 Activity of an Adenoviral Vector Expressing Murine IFN-β

A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of an adenoviral vector containing the murine interferon-β (IFN-β) transgene (Ad:IFN-β) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in two transduced cell lines. The transduction of the adenoviral vector efficiency, ranging from 2% to 100%, was dependent on the multiplicity of infection (moi) (0.4-50 plaque-forming units [pfu]/cell). Supernatants from cells transduced with the Ad:IFN-β but not the adenoviral null vector (Ad:Null) contained biologically active IFN-β (6.6-106 U/ml depending on the moi). Cells transduced with the Ad:IFN-β displayed up to 25-fold reduction in viral titers compared with cells transduced with the Ad:Null or nontransduced cell controls. The suppression in viral titer correlated with a reduction in viral gene (α, β, and γ) and protein expression. The expression of IFN β-responsive genes, including protein kinase R (PKR) and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), were significantly elevated in the Ad:IFN-β-transduced cells ...
Bone response to titanium alloy implants placed in diabetic rats.

Although dental implants continue to provide consistent and predictable treatment options for most patients, some people with uncontrolled systemic disease may be denied implant treatment. Diabetes is one such disease. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, and amputations of the lower extremities. These complications result from microvascular disturbances associated with diabetes. The effect of diabetes on the healing of titanium implants has not been well established. In this study of 32 rats, diabetes was induced in 16 animals by injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg); the remaining 16 animals served as controls. Titanium alloy implants were placed in the tibiae of all 32 rats using standard surgical techniques. Implants healed for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained for serum glucose, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase analyses. Implants were retrieved and processed for histomorphometric analyses. Three quantities were measured using light microscopy, video capture, and computer analysis: percent osseointegration (ie, linear bone interface), associated bone volume percent, and contact frequency. Diabetic animals demonstrated significantly less osseointegration than controls. However, bone volume percent in diabetic animals was about 4 times greater than controls. Biochemical analyses were mixed; diabetic animals demonstrated increased serum osteocalcin levels compared to controls but decreased alkaline phosphatase. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the bone response associated with titanium alloy implants in the tibiae of diabetic rats is uniquely different from controls. ( INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2000;15:345‐354)
Fluid–structure interaction analysis of a morphing vertical axis wind turbine

Abstract There has been much recent interest in the development of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs), especially for use in off-grid or off-shore electricity generation, due to inherent advantages over the more popular horizontal axis types. Although there have been a number of recent attempts to increase efficiency of VAWTs using active and passive blade pitch control strategies, these designs come at an increased upfront cost, detracting from the simplistic allure of the VAWT design. This study investigates the feasibility of a flexible bladed (or morphing) VAWT, wherein individual blades are able to passively adapt to local flow conditions and serve as a pitch control mechanism to increase rotor efficiency. Using a finite volume fluid–structure interaction algorithm, a rigid VAWT is simulated with good agreement with existing experimental data, then compared to several other geometrically identical morphing designs with varying material flexibility. All simulated flexible rotors achieved higher efficiency than the standard (rigid) one, with efficiency gains up to 9.6% for the VAWT geometry investigated herein. The results suggest that the morphing rotor design can have significant advantages over the rigid design particularly in part-load scenarios, and is also likely to increase the self-starting abilities of the VAWT.
Organizational Behavior Evaluation

Risk is a practical part of this atmosphere and the organizational structure of the NMEDD has the elasticity to assist other organizations with risk. The business of economic development exist in a changing environment and risk is a natural part of commerce.
Capitalism, mutual aid, and material life: Understanding exilic spaces

Anarchist and Marxist scholarship differ mainly in emphasis: anarchists tend to emphasise cooperation, while Marxists have traditionally focused on exploitation and domination. The most recent wave...
The Impact of Expanded Bank Powers on Loan Portfolios Compositions

This study takes advantage of a natural experiment to trace out the supply-side effects of nontraditional assets on loan portfolios. The natural experiment centers on the recent accounting standards that require banks to transfer off-balance sheet securitized assets onto balance sheets, resulting in a negative exogenous shock to securitizer banks’ capital allocations. The estimations from simultaneous equation models reveal how banks, in response to the shock, reallocate loan portfolio compositions simultaneously in different loan sectors. The findings show that pre-existing risk exposures of nontraditional assets cause significant shifts in loan portfolio compositions, reducing credits in business and consumer loan sectors.
Outcomes Following Closed Axillary Nerve Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

ABSTRACT We report a case of a 43-year-old male who sustained an axillary nerve injury secondary to a glenohumeral joint dislocation at a young age, and who has served over 20 years in the military with near normal shoulder function. In addition, we review the literature for the natural history of axillary nerve injury. A 43-year-old male sustained a left anterior glenohumeral dislocation in a motor vehicle accident as an 18-year-old. Following prompt manual reduction and subsequent physical therapy, the patient developed a permanent axillary nerve palsy. Despite the development of complete atrophy of his deltoid musculature and persistent sensory loss in the axillary nerve distribution, he experienced restoration of function with minimal to no deficit. Ultimately, he enlisted in the military 4 years after the injury and has served 22 years, which includes combat deployments with normal shoulder function and absence of pain. Axillary nerve injury is a relatively common injury after anterior glenohumeral j...
Mathematical Modeling of a Single-Stage, Downward-Firing, Entrained-Flow Gasifier

Gasifiers are the centerpieces of coal-fired integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants. Mathematical models of gasifiers have been developed in recent literature to describe the physical and chemical processes taking place inside the reactor vessels. These models range from simple one-dimensional (1D) steady-state equilibrium models to higher-order, sophisticated, dynamic 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models that describe coupled gas–solid hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer, and reaction kinetics over the complex gasifier geometry. In the current work, a 1D steady-state model of a single-stage, downward-firing, oxygen-blown, slurry-fed, entrained-flow gasifier has been developed for use in the context of IGCC process simulation. In this mathematical model, mass, momentum, and energy balance equations for solid and gas phases are considered. The model includes a number of heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions along with devolatilization and drying of the slurry feed....
Eigenvalue Constraints for Realization-Based Identification

Successful modeling of aeroelastic and structural dynamics requires the use of system identification techniques for model development and validation. Experimental methods for such applications often generate large datasets of high input and output dimensions, and identification methods that minimize maximum likelihood criteria are ill-suited for such cases due to the non-convexity of the model parameters in the error. Realization-based identification methods such as the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm and subspace identification methods have consequently gained widespread use for these applications, because they require only a fixed number of linear algebra operations. Such methods, however, do not guarantee certain system properties, such as stability, without modification. Although realization-based identification methods are typically formulated as a sequence of linear algebra equations with analytical solutions, they all nonetheless minimize some Frobenius norm, the argument of which is affine in the parameters being identified. The convexity of this minimization has so far been mostly unexploited. We present a method for incorporating constraints into realization-based identification methods that requires the eigenvalues of the identified model to lie within arbitrary convex regions of the complex plane based on linear matrix inequalities. This results in a convex optimization problem that remains easily solvable even for large datasets with high input and output dimensions. Some specific constraints for particularly important regions of the complex plane are presented and motivated with numerical examples.
Demonstration: Advancing Robotics Research Through the Use of a Scale Mout Facility

This demonstration serves as an introduction to the CARAT scale MOUT (Military Operation in Urban Terrain) facility developed at the Team Performance Laboratory (TPL) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). Advances in automated military vehicles require research to understand how best to allocate control of these vehicles. Whether, discussing uninhabited ground vehicles (UGVs) or air vehicles (UAVs), many questions still exist as to the optimum level of performance with respect to the ratio of human controls to vehicles. The scale MOUT facility at UCF allows researchers to investigate these issues without sacrificing large costly equipment and without requiring vast physical areas, within which to test such equipment. This demonstration provides an introduction to the scale MOUT facility, describes the basic need for this tool, presents its advantages over full size counterparts, as well as several other possible uses for the facility.
Design and techno-economic analysis of high efficiency reversible solid oxide cell systems for distributed energy storage

Abstract Reversible solid oxide cell (ReSOC) systems are conceptualized and analyzed to assess technical performance in distributed energy storage applications (100 kW/800 kWh). The ReSOC systems operate sequentially between fuel-producing electrolysis and power-producing fuel-cell modes with intermediate tanking of reactants and products. Maintaining the high conversion efficiencies seen in laboratory-scale cell tests at the system-level requires careful system design to integrate storage and electrochemical conversion functions. By leveraging C–O–H reaction chemistry and operating at intermediate temperature, the ReSOC is mildly exothermic in both operating modes, which simplifies balance-of-plant integration and thermal management. System configurations explored herein range from a simple system with minimal balance-of-plant components to more complex systems including turbine expansion for increased electrical efficiency, and separating water for higher energy density storage. The efficiency, energy density, and capital cost tradeoffs of these configurations are quantified through computational modeling. Results indicate that a roundtrip efficiency of nearly 74% is achieved with relatively low tanked energy density (∼20 kWh/m 3 ) for systems configured to store water-vapor containing gases. Separately storing condensed water increases energy density of storage, but limits efficiency to 68% based on the energetic cost of evaporating reactant water during electrolysis operation. Further increases in energy density (to 90 kWh/m 3 ) require higher storage pressures (e.g., 50-bar nominal) which lower roundtrip efficiency to about 65%. Cost of energy storage is strongly influenced by stack power and system energy densities because the storage tanks and stack comprise a majority of the system capital cost.
Operative Treatment of Acute Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneus Fractures

A retrospective study of 18 operatively treated calcaneal fractures was conducted. The fractures were all type II and type III fractures according to the classification system of Crosby et al. The average follow-up was 32 months and consisted of subjective and objective criteria.The findings were compared with the results of nonoperative treatment reported by Crosby et al. The findings suggests that type II fractures have a similar outcome when either operative or nonoperative treatment is used. Type III fractures, however, fared considerably better with operative intervention when compared with those treated with nonoperative techniques.
Investigation on Behavior Related Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases among Adults of Anhui Province

Objective To understand the distribution of the behavior related risk factors for chronic diseases among residents of Anhui Province.Methods The method of four-step random sampling was adopted in 12 model cities and regions. This survey included the questionnaire investigation and health examination.Results The prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases was high among adults of Anhui Province. The overall prevalence rates of smoking, passive smoking, lack of athletic sports, overweight and obesity at present were 31.9%, 56.8%, 83.7%, 28.0% and 8.5%, respectively. The rates of hypertension awareness and hypertension under control were 34.9% and 11.2% respectively. 22.0% rural residents ate pickles everyday. The rates of smoking and drinking among males were 62.7% and 79.0% respectively.Conclusions Healthy lifestyle, rational dietary pattern could reduce the risks of chronic diseases. The prevention education and intervention measures should be stressed in young people. We should intensify chronic diseases prevention and control.
The Conditions of Chinese Enterprises for the Implementation of Electronic Business

As China successfully joined the WTO on Dec 10, 2001 and participated in the economic globalization, it is a necessary trend for Chinese enterprises to develop electronic business. However, China's information construction has been somehow left far behind that in developed countries. If an enterprise wants to develop its EC, it must have the platform of EC ready. According to the status quo of the enterprises and all kinds of technologies, the author draws out both internal and external conditions, namely, internal conditions including the building of enterprises' information, capital and talents; external conditions including the whole social business reshaping, complete legal system and the support of the government. Only the intergration of both internal and external conditions can be successfully carried out the electronic commerce in China.
DNA Sequences of bovine HSP70–1 and HSP70–2 genes

Abstract A bovine genomic library was screened with a 2.3 kilobase (kb) human HSP70 cDNA probe. A recombinant phage containing one complete HSP70 gene and a portion of a second HSP70 gene was isolated. Both HSP70 coding regions showed high DNA and deduced amino acid sequence homology, chromosomal location, and gene arrangement; we conclude that these sequences are from the bovine homologues of human HSP70‐1 and ‐2.
Abnormal Nucleic Acid Metabolism of Lymphocytes in Plasma Cell Myeloma and Macroglobulinemia

Twenty-six patients with multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom were studied clinically and immunologically with characterization of their paraproteins and normal immunoglobulins, as well as by in vitro culture of their peripheral lymphocytes for evaluation of DNA and RNA synthesis after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. The lymphocytes of the patients were found to be significantly deficient in response to PHA as compared to normals and patients with benign hypergammaglobulinemia. Levels of normal immunoglobulins were reduced in almost all of the paraproteinemic patients, but there was not a direct correlation between lymphocyte unresponsiveness and immunoglobulin deficiency. The defect in lymphocyte function appeared to be cellular inasmuch as normal lymphocytes had normal DNA synthesis when cultured in myeloma plasma. The decrease in lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis appeared to be unrelated to immunoglobulin class, quantitative levels or antigenic characteristics of the patients’ paraproteins. Untreated myeloma patients with a past history of infection had lower levels of lymphocyte DNA synthesis than those patients who lacked such a history, suggesting a relationship between the in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA and the in vivo response to the antigenic challenge of bacterial infection.
SV40 in adenovirus vaccines and adenovirus-SV40 recombinants

During the development of adenovirus (Ad) vaccines in the 1950s, Ad strains 1-5 and 7 recombined with SV40 during adaptation to growth in rhesus monkey kidney cells. The recombination events between the Ad and SV40 genomes produced hybrid viruses that contained, within the Ad genome, either portions of the early region of the SV40 genome or single or multiple copies of the entire SV40 genome inserted in a configuration that permitted the generation of SV40 progeny. When portions of the SV40 early region were inserted into the Ad2 E3 region, a region non-essential for viral replication, the resulting Ad-SV40 hybrids were non-defective in that they were capable of independent replication. Such hybrids have no known selective advantage for replication in human tissues; however, through inadvertent human exposure it is theoretically possibly that they could be induced to spread in the environment. Because of deletions in the Ad genome, the Ad-SV40 hybrids that contain infectious SV40 DNA were defective and were not capable of replication without a helper virus. Due to the low frequency with which cells in an infected individual could be co-infected with both defective hybrid and helper virions, it is unlikely that such defective viruses could be established in the population. Based on the Ad-SV40 model, it is theoretically possible that SV40 could recombine with other DNA viruses that infect humans. The introduction of Ad-SV40 hybrids or SV40-other virus hybrids into the environment could contribute to establishing SV40 as a human polyomavirus and to the SV40 DNA sequences that are being detected in human tissues.
Hereditary Prostate Cancer

The McKusick catalogue (1990) lists 66 Mendelian disorders that involve cancer or a predisposition for cancer as a component of the phenotype. The genetic loci of 21 of these 66 traits have been mapped by genetic epidemiological investigations. Prostate cancer has a well-established familial clustering, including both dominant and recessive syndromes similar to those found in breast and ovarian cancer syndrome families. However, extensive research in families affected by prostate cancer has so far failed to identify major genes as risk factors for prostate cancer. More recently, research has been directed to a “common disease common variant” approach employing a very large number of cases and controls in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). These association studies produced a large number of genetic variants that are common in the population, and are associated with prostate cancer, but their effect on prostate cancer risk was only modest. The most recent development in the field is the increasing utilization of high-throughput sequencing technology that is providing us with an unprecedented opportunity to thoroughly investigate the genome at single base resolution, and thus opening the door to understanding the role of genetic variants, common and rare, in the development of prostate cancer.
Electrochemical reactions for steel beams strengthened with CFRP sheets

Abstract This paper presents the effect of electrochemical reactions on the physical and chemical responses of steel beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. An accelerated corrosion protocol is used to deteriorate the strengthened beams. An emphasis is placed on the electric potential, mass loss, corrosion current density, corrosion rate, flexural capacity, interfacial strain development, failure mode, and infrared spectroscopy of the beams. Corrosion damage is dispersed with increasing electrochemical reaction time; however, premature CFRP-debonding is not observed. The presence of surface rust tends to impede the flow of electric current and the diffusion of iron ions is reduced, thereby decreasing the rate of corrosion. The consequence of corrosion damage results in a decrease in load-carrying capacity of the strengthened beams along with two phases, such as initiation-propagation and steady-state. The electrochemical effect alters the pattern of CFRP-debonding from discrete-discontinuous to smooth progression. Infrared spectroscopy illustrates that the functional group of the CFRP system changes from a chemistry standpoint as the degree of corrosion augments. Design recommendations are proposed to facilitate the use of CFRP-strengthening for steel members subjected to corrosive service environments.
Autosomal Dominant Alternating Hemiplegia

The familial occurrence and autosomal dominant inheritance of alternating hemiplegia of childhood is reported from Children’s Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I. The MBH-σ Relation at z = 0.36

We test the evolution of the correlation between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (MBH-σ), using a carefully selected sample of 14 Seyfert 1 galaxies at z = 0.36±0.01. We measure velocity dispersion from stellar absorption lines around Mg b (5175 A) and Fe (5270 A) using high-S/N Keck spectra and estimate black hole mass from the Hβ line width and the optical luminosity at 5100 A, based on the empirically calibrated photoionization method. We find a significant offset from the local relation, in the sense that velocity dispersions were smaller for given black hole masses at z = 0.36 than locally. We investigate various sources of systematic uncertainties and find that those cannot account for the observed offset. The measured offset is Δlog MBH = 0.62 ±0.10±0.25; i.e., Δlog σ = 0.15±0.03±0. 06, where the error bars include a random component and an upper limit to the systematics. At face value, this result implies a substantial growth of bulges in the last 4 Gyr, assuming that the local MBH-σ relation is the universal evolutionary endpoint. Along with two samples of active galaxies with consistently determined black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion taken from the literature, we quantify the observed evolution with the best-fit linear relation: Δlog MBH = (1-66±0.43)z + (0.04±0.09) with respect to the local relationship of Tremaine and coworkers, and Δlog MBH = (1-55 ±0.46)z + (0.01 ±0.12) with respect to that of Ferrarese. This result is consistent with the growth of black holes predating the final growth of bulges at these mass scales (〈σ〉 = 170 km s-1). © 2006. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
How to Do Things with Rancière

ABSTRACTDevin Zane Shaw’s new book Egalitarian Moments is an attempt to think with and through Jacques Ranciere. Shaw’s highly original interpretation of Ranciere opens space within Ranciere’s thought for a new, expanded account of the politics of art and literature, and Shaw is then able to use this theory as a way of rereading the history of philosophy. Shaw’s project is ultimately an attempt to show that it is possible to do philosophy in an egalitarian way – that not all political philosophy need be “political philosophy” in Ranciere’s pejorative sense – and that philosophy can serve as a vital resource for egalitarian political movements.