cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INVOLVED IN GENERATING SUSPENSE

Two factors said to produce varying levels of dramatic suspense are examined: degree of perceived outcome-uncertainty and audience disposition toward the hero-protagonist. In spite of the general consensus that these two factors affect suspense, there is wide disagreement as to the optimal level of viewer uncertainty regarding the hero's fate, and there is some question as to whether it is necessary for the viewer to be positively disposed toward the hero to produce a maximal level of suspense. To test competing claims, different versions of an audio-visually presented chase sequence were produced. Experimental materials were varied in a factorial design featuring the five levels of perceived outcome-uncertainty (hero's chances of success/survival = 0/100, 1/100, 25/100, 50/100, 100/100) and three levels of disposition toward the protagonist (neutral, mildly positive, strongly positive). Sex of viewer was included as a third factor. Degree of experienced suspense was assessed in viewer ratings. Both perceived outcome-uncertainty and viewer disposition variables yielded strong effects, though no significant sex differences were found. Rated suspense was at a maximum when the hero's chances of success/survival were perceived to be about one in 100 and minimal when either success or failure seemed absolutely certain. Further, suspense increased with increasingly positive dispositions toward the protagonist. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are considered.
Size-dependent Curie temperature in nanoscale MnFe2O4 particles.

We have determined the Curie temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of ferrimagnetic ${\mathrm{MnFe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ nanoscale particles by means of direct measurement of the magnetization. A considerable enhancement in ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ compared to the bulk was observed for particles in the size range 7.5 to 24.4 nm. At d=7.5 nm, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is 97 K higher than for the bulk material. The shift in Curie temperature is well described by the finite-size-scaling formula [${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(d)-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(\ensuremath{\infty})]/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(\ensuremath{\infty})=(d/${\mathit{d}}_{0}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/\ensuremath{\nu}}$ with \ensuremath{\nu}=0.71\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 and ${\mathit{d}}_{0}$=2.0 nm.
The minimum distance of the [83,42] ternary quadratic residue code

We find the minimum distance of the nonextended [83,42] ternary quadratic residue code to be 20.
Vertical Light-Emitting Diode Fabrication by Controlled Spalling

A fracture-based layer transfer technique referred to as controlled spalling was used to separate a conventional InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diode (LED) structure from a 50 mm sapphire wafer enabling the formation of vertical spalled LEDs (SLEDs). A 25-µm-thick tensile Ni layer was electrodeposited on the surface of the wafer, followed by the application of a polyimide tape layer. By mechanically guiding the tape layer, a 3-µm-thick layer of the LED epitaxy was removed. Transmission electron microscopy imaging indicated that spalling preserved the quality of the epitaxial layers, and electroluminescence verifies the operation of the SLED.
Gauge theories of weak interactions II (Circa 1981–1982 C.E.)

Abstract This article is a sequel to “Gauge Theories of Weak Interactions (Circa 1973–1974)”, published in the Annual Review of Nuclear Science. Our purpose is to survey the state of the art eight years after; we have spared no effort, however, to make this article self-contained, comprehensible with only an occasional reference to the previous review. The tone of our presentation is set, and the scope of the discussion is delineated, by introductory remarks which emphasize some open questions in the field. We then proceed to examine the known structure of weak interactions in the light of the theory — now established, at least as a consistent description of electroweak effects in the low-energy domain — associated with the names of Glashow, Salam and and Weinberg and commonly referred to as Quantum Flavordynamics (QFD). Here, as well as later in the paper, we try to recapture the spirit of some of the original contributions by using judiciously-defined parameters which afford a model-independent perspective of the experimental data, particularly in situations where we suspect that theoretical fine structure may be hidden in the errors. The phenomenology provides a convenient starting point for discussing the underlying theory. We review briefly the methodology of spontaneously broken gauge theories, in the canonical framework with elementary spin-0 fields injected into the Lagrangian, and its application to the SU(3) C ⊗SU(2) L ⊗U(1) based standard model of quark-lepton interactions. Calculations of loop-level effects are described both in the context of the standard model and of SU(5)-based grand unification; specially emphasized is our contention that the renormalizability of the theory plays a crucial role in its ability to reproduce physical reality. At this point we deviate from the beaten path of orthodoxy to explore new directions in which weak-interaction theory might conceivably go. The principal motivation lies in our desire to avoid getting trapped in a no-new-physics desert in the energy interval 10 2 GeV-10 14 GeV. Under the heading “extensions of standard QFD” we consider possible ways of making the desert bloom, which are tied to the canonical methodology; mentioned here are QFD models which survived the discovery in 1978, of parity nonconservation in the electron proton interaction; also mentioned are a few models that did not survive but which appear to be resurrectable by simple adjustment of the Higgs sector. More radical possibilities are considered in the penultimate section, on “generalizations of QFD”, where we present a critical review of recent theoretical speculations about dynamical symmetry breaking, composite models of quarks and leptons and the status of QFD as a fundamental theory. We conclude with a catalogue of unsolved problems and an appraisal of the outlook.
Time to Cut the Cord: Placental HSCs Grow Up

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Robin et al. (2009) demonstrate the robust hematopoietic stem cell capacity of the human placenta. The study investigates components of the placental niche and paves the way for clinical applications of blood production.
Hereditary spherocytosis and partial splenectomy in children: review of surgical technique and the role of imaging

The risks associated with total splenectomy, including overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, have led to an interest in the use of partial splenectomy as an alternative surgical option for children with congenital hemolytic anemias and hypersplenism. Partial splenectomy, a procedure designed to remove enough spleen to improve anemia and avoid complications of splenic sequestration while preserving splenic function, has shown promise in children. Radiologic imaging is essential for the preoperative evaluation and postoperative care for children undergoing partial splenectomy and offers a broad range of critical clinical information essential for care of these complex children. It is imperative for radiologists involved in the care of these children to be familiar with the surgical technique and imaging options for these procedures. This article reviews the surgical technique as well as the current status of various diagnostic imaging options used for children undergoing partial splenectomy, highlighting technical aspects and specific clinical information obtained by each modality.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXXIV. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns of some secondary amines and related imines

The mass spectra of some secondary amines and aldimines in the thieno[2,3-b]pyridine (3) system are presented. α, α-Bis(4-thieno[2,3-b]pyridylamino)toluene (1) undergoes (a) electron impact-induced dissociation at 80° to give the spectrum of 4-amino-3 (3b) and (b) thermal dissociation at 200° to give a composite spectrum of 3b and its benzylidene derivative. Spectra of benzylamino and dimethylaminobenzylamino derivatives of 3 are dominated by benzyl-type fragments, while benzylideneimino derivatives show more varied fragmentation.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity

Rationale: Recent studies described association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In their analysis none of these studies accounted for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and patient comorbidities simultaneously.
New phases of HTS in high magnetic field

Fluctuation behavior of HTS in high magnetic field is studied within the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Landau level degeneracy of Cooper pairs enhances fluctuations which destroy the familiar Abrikosov lattice. Instead, a charge density-wave of Cooper pairs (SCDW) is the new low-temperature phase of the theory. SCDW has no condensate, but differs from the normal state by a periodic modulation of Cooper pair density. In the presence of disorder, the Abrikosov state is revived and both superconducting and density-wave phases are possible.
Small hydrocarbons formed by the peroxidation of squalene

Experiments were undertaken to determine whether peroxidized squalene forms isoprene in a manner such that peroxidation could be considered as a possible route for the formation of in vivo human breath isoprene. Small hydrocarbons derived from peroxidation of positions 1-6 of squalene were identified in the head space. The most unusual product, proposed to arise from peroxidation of carbon 1 and intramolecular cyclization, was a mixture of dimethylcyclopentadiene isomers. Sonication of an aqueous mixture or low O2 partial pressure favored isoprene formation.
Ruminal bioremediation of the high energy melting explosive (HMX) by sheep microorganisms.

The ability of ruminal microorganisms to degrade octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (high melting explosive, HMX) as consortia from whole rumen fluid (WRF), and individually as 23 commercially available ruminal strains, was compared under anaerobic conditions. Compound degradation was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for delineation of the metabolic pathway. In WRF, 30 μM HMX was degraded to 5 μM HMX within 24 h. Metabolites consistent with m/z 149, 193 and 229 were present throughout the incubation period. We propose that peaks with an m/z of 149 and 193 are arrived at through reduction of HMX to nitroso or hydroxylamino intermediates, then direct enzymatic ring cleavage to produce these HMX derivatives. Possible structures of m/z 229 are still being investigated and require further LC-MS/MS analysis. None of the 23 ruminal strains tested were able to degrade HMX as a pure culture when grown in either a low carbon or low nitrogen basal medium over 120 h. We conclude that microorganisms from the rumen, while sometimes capable as individuals in the bioremediation of other explosives, excel as a community in the case of HMX breakdown.
Miniaturized dual-passband microstrip filter based on double-split complementary split ring and split ring resonators

We present a miniaturized dual-passband filter module designed using double-split complementary split ring resonator (DS-CSRR) and split ring resonator (SRR). The use of SRR results in a significant size reduction of the filter comparing with edge-coupled-line filters. Two passbands are individually printed on two sides of a Rogers 3010 substrate, consequently providing a novel and compact integration. Coupling between two bands is weak, so they can be independently designed and tuned. Both bands operate at fundamental mode, providing an increased stability. A prototype dual-band filter basic cell is fabricated and the measurement agrees well with simulations by Agilent's momentum. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 136–139, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23996
Targeting of lactoperoxidase to phosphomannosyl-specific receptors on fibroblasts.

Abstract In this communication, we report the targeting of lactoperoxidase (LPO), an enzyme capable of radioiodinating membrane proteins, to phosphomannosyl-specific receptors. Monophosphopentamannose (Pman) was covalently coupled to LPO with little loss of enzyme activity to provide a recognition factor for LPO targeting. Pman-LPO conjugates were taken up readily compared to native LPO or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by secondary fibroblasts. The enhanced uptake of Pman-LPO was inhibited by mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and other established fibroblastic cell lines failed to show enhanced uptake of Pman-LPO conjugates.
Longitudinal quantification and visualization of intracerebral haemorrhage using multimodal magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging

AbstractObjective: To demonstrate a set of approaches using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography whereby pathology-affected white matter (WM) fibres in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) can be selectively visualized.Methods: Using structural neuroimaging and DTI volumes acquired longitudinally from three representative patients with ICH, the spatial configuration of ICH-related trauma is delineated and the WM fibre bundles intersecting each ICH lesion are identified and visualized. Both the extent of ICH lesions as well as the proportion of WM fibres intersecting the ICH pathology are quantified and compared across subjects.Results: This method successfully demonstrates longitudinal volumetric differences in ICH lesion load and differences across time in the percentage of fibres which intersect the primary injury.Conclusions: Because neurological conditions such as intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) frequently exhibit pathology-related effects which lead to the exertion of mechanical press...
Maximizing hydrogen production in a microbial electrolysis cell by real-time optimization of applied voltage

Abstract This study describes a novel method for controlling applied voltage in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). It is demonstrated that the rate of hydrogen production could be maximized without excessive energy consumption by minimizing the apparent resistance of the MEC. A perturbation and observation algorithm is used to track the minimal apparent resistance by adjusting the applied voltage. The algorithm was tested in laboratory-scale MECs fed with acetate or synthetic wastewater. In all tests, changes in MEC performance caused by the variations in organic load, carbon source properties, and hydraulic retention time were successfully followed by the minimal resistance tracking algorithm resulting in maximum hydrogen production, while avoiding excessive power consumption. The proposed method of real-time applied voltage optimization might be instrumental in developing industrial scale MEC-based technologies for treating wastewaters with varying composition.
Recent advances in the analysis and design of trickle-bed reactors

This paper summarizes some progress in our understanding of trickle-bed reactors. The particular topics discussed in this review are the basic hydrodynamics, flow regime transition, pressure drop and holdup calculations, use of tracers, modelling of partial wetting effects, reactor design of and catalyst testing in trickle beds. The rapid advances made in these areas are critically examined and some problems which need further investigation are outlined.
Case Management Outcomes for Drug-Involved Offenders

An assertive community treatment (ACT) program was established in the Delaware correctional system in 1990, designed to ease the transition of drug-involved prison releasees into the community by providing both treatment and case management services. Studies to date, however, have found few direct outcome improvements for ACT clients. This article uses panel data collected from a sample of 300 drug-involved Delaware prison releasees, randomly assigned to either the ACT program or to regular probation/work release supervision. A multivariate path model predicts frequency of illegal drug use 18 months after release from prison. Analyses find no direct effects of the ACT program, but suggest indirect effects of ACT assignment on subsequent illegal drug use through intermediate outcomes. By looking at proximate outcomes of the ACT program in the context of other variables, this model suggests areas where case management with seriously drug-involved offenders can be most effective.
Time-Varying Volatility and the Dynamic Behavior of the Term Structure

In this paper, we consider a framework with which the cross sectional and time series behavior of the yield curve can be studied simultaneously. We examine the relationship between the yield curve and the time-varying conditional volatility of the Treasury bill market. We demonstrate that differently shaped yield curves can result given different combinations of volatility and expectations about future spot rates. Moreover, adjusting the forward rate for the volatility related liquidity premium can improve its performance as a predictor of future spot rates at least for the period from August 1964 to August 1979.
Moisture-assisted crack growth at epoxy–glass interfaces

The double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC) test was used to measure the critical energy release rate, moisture-assisted crack growth, and fatigue threshold for epoxy–glass interfaces bonded with and without a silane coupling agent. The DCDC specimen consists of two glass beams (either soda-lime or fused silica) bonded together with an epoxy adhesive. A through-the-thickness hole is drilled in the centre of the specimen. In the DCDC test compressive loading causes tensile stresses to develop at the poles of the drilled hole. Cracks then nucleate in the epoxy–glass interface, extend from the poles, and propagate axially along the interface in primarily mode I loading. The resistance to moisture-assisted crack growth at untreated epoxy–glass interfaces is significantly less than that in monolithic glass specimens. However, the resistance to moisture-assisted crack growth at silane bonded epoxy–glass interfaces can be comparable with or greater than that in monolithic glass. Silane bonding of epoxy to glass is more effective with fused silica than soda-lime glass, with the fatigue limit of silane bonded epoxy–fused silica interfaces being about 2.5 times greater than that for silane bonded epoxy–soda-lime glass. These results are discussed in terms of possible interfacial crack growth mechanisms. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Structures, semantics and statistics

At a fundamental level, the key challenge in data integration is to reconcile the semantics of disparate data sets, each expressed with a different database structure. I argue that computing statistics over a large number of structures offers a powerful methodology for producing semantic mappings, the expressions that specify such reconciliation. In essence, the statistics offer hints about the semantics of the symbols in the structures, thereby enabling the detection of semantically similar concepts. The same methodology can be applied to several other data management tasks that involve search in a space of complex structures and in enabling the next-generation on-the-fly data integration systems.
Prediction of intracranial injury in children aged five years and older with loss of consciousness after minor head injury due to nontrivial mechanisms.

Abstract Study objective Indications for computed tomography (CT) in children with minor head injury remain controversial. The objective of this preliminary study is to determine whether a clinical decision rule developed for adults could be used in children aged 5 years and older. Methods A prospective questionnaire was completed on all patients who were aged 5 to 17 years with major mechanisms of injury resulting in minor head injury (defined as normal Glasgow Coma Scale or modified coma scale in infants, plus normal brief neurologic examination) and loss of consciousness. The questionnaire documented 6 clinical variables: headache, emesis, intoxication, seizure, short-term memory deficits, and physical evidence of trauma above the clavicles. CT was obtained for all patients, findings were compared with the results of the questionnaires, and the sensitivity and specificity of the decision rule were determined. Results Throughout a 30-month period, 175 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 12.8 years. Fourteen (8%) patients had intracranial injury or depressed skull fracture on CT. The presence of any of the 6 criteria was significantly associated with an abnormal CT scan result ( P Conclusion In this preliminary study, CT use in pediatric patients with minor head injury could have been safely reduced by 23% by using a clinical decision rule previously validated in adults.
Investigation of Gd3N@C2n (40 n 44) family by Raman and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy

The structure and vibrational spectrum of ${\text{Gd}}_{3}{\text{N@C}}_{80}$ is studied through Raman and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy as well as density-functional theory and universal force field calculations. Hindered rotations, shown by both theory and experiment, indicate the formation of a ${\text{Gd}}_{3}\text{N-}{\text{C}}_{80}$ bond which reduces the ideal icosahedral symmetry of the ${\text{C}}_{80}$ cage. The vibrational modes involving the movement of the encapsulated species are a fingerprint of the interaction between the fullerene cage and the core complex. We present Raman data for the ${\text{Gd}}_{3}{\text{N@C}}_{2n}\text{ }(40\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}44)$ family as well as ${\text{Y}}_{3}{\text{N@C}}_{80}$, ${\text{Lu}}_{3}{\text{N@C}}_{80}$, and ${\text{Y}}_{3}{\text{N@C}}_{88}$ for comparison. Conductance measurements have been performed on ${\text{Gd}}_{3}{\text{N@C}}_{80}$ and reveal a Kondo effect similar to that observed in ${\text{C}}_{60}$.
Historical Forest Patterns and the Analysis of Site-Scale Forest Gradients for Natural Area Mangement

ABSTRACT: An investigation of General Land Office (GLO) records and township-scale environmental gradients were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis to determine the usefulness of this methodology for determining historical forest patterns, correlating the historic data with modern environmental gradients, and as background information for the development of forest restoration and management plans. The study area encompassed one township within the Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Tombigbee National Forest, and John Starr Forest in east-central Mississippi. From the 1830s, GLO survey notes detailing witness tree locations and understory descriptions were transcribed into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Environmental variables describing soils, slope, roughness, elevation, and distance to streams were generated from contemporary data sets for each of the witness tree locations. Redundancy analysis was used to correlate witness tree species with environmental gradients. Dominant tree spe...
Aberrant development of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and circadian rhythms in mice lacking the homeodomain protein Six6.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus is the central pacemaker for peripheral and organismal circadian rhythms. The development of this hypothalamic structure depends on genetic programs throughout embryogenesis. We have investigated the role of the homeodomain transcription factor Six6 in the development of the SCN. We first showed that Six6 mRNA has circadian regulation in the mouse SCN. We then characterized the behavioral activity patterns of Six6-null mice under various photoperiod manipulations and stained their hypothalami using SCN-specific markers. Six6-null mice display abnormal patterns of circadian behavior indicative of SCN abnormalities. The ability of light exposure to reset rhythms correlates with the presence or absence of optic nerves, but all Six6-null mice show irregular rhythms. In contrast, wild-type mice with crushed optic nerves maintain regular rhythms regardless of light exposure. Using immunohistochemistry for arginine vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive inte...
Vorticity transport in the leading-edge vortex on a rotating blade

Vorticity transport is analysed within the leading-edge vortex generated on a rectangular flat plate of aspect ratio 4 undergoing a starting rotation motion in a quiescent fluid. Two analyses are conducted on the inboard half of the blade to better understand the vorticity transport mechanisms responsible for maintaining the quasi-equilibrium state of the leading-edge vortex. An initial global analysis between the and spanwise positions suggests that, although spanwise velocity is significant, spanwise convection of vorticity is insufficient to balance the flux of vorticity from the leading-edge shear layer. Subsequent detailed analyses of vorticity transport in planar control volumes at the and spanwise positions verify this conclusion and demonstrate that vorticity annihilation due to interaction between the leading-edge vortex and the opposite-sign layer on the plate surface is an important, often dominant, mechanism for regulation of leading-edge-vortex circulation. Thus, it provides an important condition for maintenance of an attached leading-edge vortex on the inboard portion of the blade.
China's Heath Care System and Avian Influenza Preparedness

The severe acute respiratory syndrome crisis exposed serious deficiencies in China's public health system and willingness to report outbreaks of threats to public health. Consequently, China may be one of the weak links in global preparedness for avian influenza. China's rural health care system has been weakened by 20 years of privatization and fiscal decentralization. China plays a huge role in the global poultry industry, with a poultry population of 14 billion birds, 70%-80% of which are reared in backyard conditions. Although surveillance has been strengthened, obstacles to the timely reporting of disease outbreaks still exist. The weakened health care system prevents many sick people from seeking care at a health care facility, where reporting would originate. Inadequate compensation to farmers for culled birds leads to nonreporting, and local officials may be complicit if they suspect that reporting might lead to economic losses for their communities. At the local level, China's crisis-management ability and multisectoral coordination are weak. The poor quality of infection control in many rural facilities is a serious and well-documented problem. However, traditions of community political mobilization suggest that the potential for providing rural citizens with public health information is possible when mandated from the central government. Addressing these issues now and working on capacity issues, authority structures, accountability, and local reporting and control structures will benefit the control of a potential avian influenza outbreak, as well as inevitable outbreaks of other emerging infectious diseases in China's Pearl River Delta or in other densely populated locations of animal husbandry in China.
Accelerated convergence to steady state by gradual far-field damping

Reflections from artificial boundaries inhibit convergence of transient solutions to their steady limit. Far-field damping operators to suppress such reflections are presented for general first order hyperbolic systems, and particular reference is made to the compressible Euler equations. The damping operator has the following properties: (a) No reflections are generated due to the introduction of the clamping terms and (b) Different wave systems may be damped at different rates. Feature (a) enables the attenuation of waves over relatively short length scales, while feature (b) enables the damping operator to act selectively on the outgoing waves alone, leaving the incoming waves unharmed. This property is desirable in genuine timedependent problems where consistent information should be allowed to propagate from the artificial boundaries. Results for compressible Euler flows past aerofoils show the potential of far-field damping in substantially accelerating, particularly in fully subsonic problems.
Motivation in Tobacco Use Cessation Research

This paper summarizes four major conceptions of motivation that have been applied to cigarette smoking cessation. These conceptions are the direction-energy, transtheoretical, intrinsic/extrinsic, and self-regulation models. Constituents of each of these models are suggested. Implications of these theories of motivation for an integrative model of smoking cessation are discussed.
Taxonomic studies on some little known genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

Some neglected genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) are reviewed as part of ongoing preparation of keys to identification of world genera of these families. Some of these genera are represented by distinctive species which properly belong to larger genera, and some were described based on misinterpreted morphological characters. Bryopezus Erdos syn. nov. is synonymized under Deutereulophus Schulz, Danuviella Erdos syn. nov. under Diglyphus Walker, Cleolophus Mercet syn. nov. and Parpholema Szelenyi syn. nov. under Hemiptarsenus Westwood, Dubiostalon Szelenyi syn. nov. under Neotrichoporoides Girault, and Dudichilla Szelenyi syn. nov. under Syntomopus Walker. Deutereulophus brevipennis (Erdos) comb. nov., Diglyphus subplanus (Erdos) comb. nov., Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet) comb. nov., Hemiptarsenus virescens (Storozheva) comb. nov., Neotrichoporoides inusitatus (Szelenyi) comb. nov., Mesopolobus fuscus (Szelenyi) comb. nov., Syntomopus crassicornis (Szelenyi) comb. nov. are new combinations resulting from these changes. Two species are transferred to their proper genera: the brachypterous species Necremnus collaris (Szelenyi) comb. nov. from Microlycus Thomson, and Mesopolobus fuscus (Szelenyi) comb. nov. from Tricolas Boucek. Neanica Erdos is discussed as a distinct and valid genus within Pteromalinae, with comparison to other genera. The replacement name Hemiptarsenus collapsus nom. nov. is chosen for Parpholema collaris Szelenyi, which becomes a junior homonym of Hemiptarsenus collaris (Ashmead). Reasons for taxonomic changes are discussed with reference to distinctive features shared with species in other genera. One newly discovered morphological feature is discussed, the prepectal bulge found in some Sphegigastrini (Pteromalidae). Photographs of type specimens are provided to facilitate future recognition of these species.
Adoptive transfer of activated marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes induces measurable antitumor immunity in the bone marrow in multiple myeloma

Successful adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) requires the ability to activate tumor-specific T cells with the ability to traffic to the tumor site and effectively kill their target as well as persist over time. We hypothesized that ACT using marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) in multiple myeloma (MM) could impart greater antitumor immunity in that they were obtained from the tumor microenvironment. We describe the results from the first clinical trial using MILs in MM. Twenty-five patients with either newly diagnosed or relapsed disease had their MILs harvested, activated and expanded, and subsequently infused on the third day after myeloablative therapy. Cells were obtained and adequately expanded in all patients with anti-CD3/CD28 beads plus interleukin-2, and a median of 9.5 × 10(8) MILs were infused. Factors indicative of response to MIL ACT included (i) the presence of measurable myeloma-specific activity of the ex vivo expanded product, (ii) low endogenous bone marrow T cell interferon-γ production at baseline, (iii) a CD8(+) central memory phenotype at baseline, and (iv) the generation and persistence of myeloma-specific immunity in the bone marrow at 1 year after ACT. Achieving at least a 90% reduction in disease burden significantly increased the progression-free survival (25.1 months versus 11.8 months; P = 0.01). This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of MILs as a form of ACT with applicability across many hematologic malignancies and possibly solid tumors infiltrating the bone marrow.
Identifying Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Who Have Aggressive Disease Characterized by Rapid Disability Progression (P05.093)

Objective: Identify relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) patients with aggressive disease characterized by rapid disability progression. Background Criteria for identifying RMS patients with aggressive disease, which would be useful for clinical decision making and trial design, are currently unavailable. Design/Methods: The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG) study was a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNβ-1a) in patients with RMS. Patients received IM IFNβ-1a 30 μg or placebo once weekly for up to 2 years. Patients were required to have a baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 1.0–3.5. Patients with a ≥2.0-point increase in EDSS score resulting in a score ≥4.0 by study end were considered to have aggressive RMS. The risk of a poor long-term outcome, defined as an EDSS score ≥8.0 at 8 years of follow-up, was calculated as an odds ratio from a logistic regression model comparing patients with and without aggressive RMS. Results: Few patients (n=39) had EDSS ≥4.0 over 2 years. Only 25 patients met the criteria for aggressive RMS. Among these patients, mean disease duration was 5.1±3.85 years, mean baseline age was 37.2±6.35 years, and mean baseline EDSS was 2.8±0.74. More patients in the placebo group (22%) than in the IM IFNβ-1a group (7%) met the criteria for aggressive RMS at 2 years ( P =0.0072). Thirteen patients reached the EDSS milestone of 8.0 (severe disability) by the end of the 8-year follow-up. The odds ratio for attaining severe disability was 31.4 (95% confidence interval, 7.7–127.8; P Conclusions: The proposed definition for aggressive RMS characterized by rapid EDSS progression appeared to be useful in identifying patients at high risk for a more severe long-term disease course with greater accumulation of physical disability. Supported by: Biogen Idec Inc. Disclosure: Dr. Scott has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, and Genzyme as a consultant or speaker. Dr. Scott has received research support from the Pittsburgh Foundation. Dr. Laforet has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec Inc. as an employee.Dr. Laforet holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec Inc., which sponsored research in which Dr. Laforet was involved as an investigator. Dr. You has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as an employee.
POLLEN DISPERSAL BY HUMMINGBIRDS AND BUTTERFLIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO LOWLAND TROPICAL PLANTS.

Because of the difficulties in measuring the distances to which pollen or seed is dispersed, information on gene flow in plant populations is quite limited (Levin and Kerster, 1974). This is particularly true of plants in complex species-rich tropical communities for which such information is of much value in models of speciation for tropical forest trees (Fedorov, 1966; Ashton, 1969; Bawa, 1974, 1979). To the best of our knowledge there are only four reports of pollen dispersal in tropical plants (Linhart, 1973; Frankie et al., 1976; Linhart and Mendenhall, 1977; see also Linhart and Feinsinger, 1980). Here we report the results of a comparative study of pollen flow for two early successional species in Costa Rica: Malvaviscus arboreus is a hummingbird-pollinated shrub or small tree, with hermaphrodite flowers and Cnidoscolus urens is a monoecious, butterfly-pollinated annual herb. The subject populations of the two species occupied adjacent habitats; M. arboreus was confined to margins and light gaps in the river forest and C. urens was found in a fallow rice field adjoining the river forest. Apart from differences in sexual and pollination systems, habit, and habitat, the two species also differed in population density: C. urens occurred in relatively dense patches, 3.0 x 10-2/m2, whereas the population of M. arboreus was more scattered, 3.11 x 10-3/m2 in our sample. Although our principal objective was to determine the effect of differences in pollinator foraging behavior and plant density on pollen flow, our studies also differ
Modification of a spelling disorder by increasing teacher's instruction time.

Summary.-The present research examined the effects of increased instruction time on the spelling achievement of one 10-yr.-old learning disabled student. Though each day the student was asked to spell six words taken from a spelling series, periodic review tests were also administered. Prior to the student's completion of the daily spelling task, the teacher reviewed the words for varying lengths of time. After baseline, whereby each word was reviewed for 6 sec., instruction time was systematically increased in increments of 3 sec. to 21 sec. per word. The studenr's achievement on both the daily spelling assignment and review tests did not surpass 80% accuracy until instruction time reached the 21-sec. level. Several issues were discussed relating to the results. It has been shown chat students' gains in achievement, ac least for normal learners, are correlated positively with the amounts of direct instruction time allocated by classroom teachers (5). That finding has remained consistent despite the quality or type of teaching method used (2). Nevertheless, in a recent review, Reith, et a/. (6) were unable to locate any studies that assessed the relationship between quantiry of instruction time and the remediacion of achievement problems of handicapped srudents. That prompted the undertaking of a pilot study, whereby the impact of increasing teachers' instruction time in word-recognition review was assessed on the sight word skills of a behavior-disordered high school student (7). In that study, although each day the student was asked to identify an alternating list of 15 previously unrecognized words, a review test, which covered all words presented during each five-day period, was administered once per week. Under baseline conditions, immediately prior to asking the student to identify the words, the teacher conducted two practice trials, each lasting about one minute. During these trials, the teacher: (a) presented each word individually on 5- X 8-in. index cards, (b) identified the words, (c) asked the students to repeat [hem, (d) corrected any errors. During a subsequent treatment phase the practice trials were expanded to 5 min.; no other contingencies were introduced. Upon the completion of (a) withdrawal and reinstatement phase(s), the authors concluded that substantial increases in the students' daily and weekly sight-word scores were functionally related to the changes in quantity of the teachers' instruction. However, it was'left unanswered to what extent the teacher's instruction time had to be increased to effect the changes in the student's achievement scores. In the present research, specific increases in the teacher's instruction time were evaluated in the remediation of a problem in spelling achievement experienced by a 10-yc.-old student enrolled in a self
Evaluation of Public Health Emergency Competence of Nurses in Community Health Center and Strategy

Objective To evaluate and enhance public health emergency competence of nurses in community health center.Methods A questionnaire was applied to survey 158 nurses and 30 community health center leaders with cluster sampling for their public health emergency competence and working conditions.Results 84.7% of the nurses graduated from technical secondary schools and colleges.Nurses which were with and below junior professional title accounted for 66.0%,intermediate title 30.7% and senior only 3.3%.Meanwhile,78.7% of them did not receive training of public health.Nurses in community health center lacked knowledge of emergency and nursing skill of public health,particularly in the aspect of epidemiological knowledge,prevention of chemical poisoning and occupational poisoning.Conclusion Nurses in community health center receive relatively less training of public health and lack nursing skills of public health emergency.It is urgent to provide more training for them.Besides,courses on public health should be established for nursing majors in college and university.
Epidemiological Study of Endemic Fluorosis in Tumotezuoqi in 2004-2006

Objective To well know and master the status of endemic fluorosis in Tumotezuoqi. Methods The fluorosis content of drinking water was determined by FSIE.Results Totally 352 natural villages were surveyed. There were 19.60% fluorosis content in drinking water beyond national standard and involving 37947 people. Totally 167 historical illness of villages were second surveyed, and there were 28.14% fluorosis content in drinking water beyond national standard. the rate of scrap of defluoridation projects was 17.31%. Conclusion It is an effective way to lower fluorine in drinking water by altering water source. The quality and its normal manipulation of this project is key to assure the effect.
Chemical and biological production of cyclotides

Cyclotides are fascinating naturally occurring micro-proteins (≈30 residues long) present in several plant families, and display various biological properties such as protease inhibitory, anti-microbial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, anti-HIV and hormone-like activities. Cyclotides share a unique head-to-tail circular knotted topology of three disulfide bridges, with one disulfide penetrating through a macrocycle formed by the two other disulfides and interconnecting peptide backbones, forming what is called a cystine knot topology. This cyclic cystine knot (CCK) framework gives the cyclotides exceptional rigidity, resistance to thermal and chemical denaturation, and enzymatic stability against degradation. Interestingly, cyclotides have been shown to be orally bioavailable, and other cyclotides have been shown to cross the cell membranes. Moreover, recent reports have also shown that engineered cyclotides can be efficiently used to target extracellular and intracellular protein-protein interactions, therefore making cyclotides ideal tools for drug development to selectively target protein-protein interactions. In this work we will review all the available methods for production of these interesting proteins using chemical or biological methods.
Parallelizing unstructured sparse matrix computations on large-scale multiprocessors

Problems in the class of unstructured sparse matrix computations are characterized by highly irregular dependencies and communication patterns that are not known at compile-time, but can be completely determined at run-time before the computations are actually performed. For this class of problems, current parallelizing compilers are unable to produce efficient code on large-scale distributed memory MIMD multiprocessors, and manual techniques are inflexible and too ad hoc to be generally effective. In this thesis, we propose a run-time automatic partitioning and scheduling methodology for unstructured sparse matrix computations on large-scale multiprocessors. Our methodology is based on extracting information from the problem instance by preprocessing its symbolic structure, and using this information to achieve high performance in repeated iterations of the computations during which the symbolic structure is unchanged. We present efficient software tools to help users build their parallelization system by following this methodology. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology on sparse Cholesky factorization, which has historically proven to be hard to parallelize. The highlight of our approach is a new two-dimensional block partitioning scheme. We build a run-time parallel system for block sparse Cholesky factorization called Sparse Hybrid Automatic Parallelization Environment (SHAPE), consisting of a parallel partitioner, a parallel scheduler and a parallel communication optimization algorithm. These are modular tools tied together by an explicit representation for block-based unstructured computations. We employ SHAPE to carry out an extensive experimental study of sparse Cholesky factorization on the iPSC/860. The experimental results show that with a judicious choice of partitioning parameters, our block-based partitioning and scheduling method outperforms a well-known column-based method in delivering high performance on a variety of structured and unstructured matrices. The preprocessing itself is shown to be very efficient, its cost being recovered in a small number of iterations of the factorization. Our methodology and tools may be used to parallelize other unstructured sparse matrix computations for which the same symbolic structure is used in several iterations of the computations. Such computations include sparse triangular solution and sparse matrix-vector multiplication.
CPTu-based enhanced UniCone method for pile capacity

The UniCone direct piezocone method by Eslami and Fellenius (1997) for evaluating the axial capacity of pile foundations is reviewed and improved means of evaluating the soil resistance factors are recommended. This method uses all three piezocone penetration test (CPTu) readings in a soil behavioral type (SBT) classification chart and provides estimations of axial pile capacity for a wide variety of pile types installed in different assortments of geomaterials. In this paper, the earlier method is improved using a dataset of 153 pile load tests and CPTu soundings from 52 worldwide sites. An alternative soil classification system using the CPT material index Ic is used to provide improved correlations of higher reliability via continuous functions for estimating the side and base capacity components of driven and jacked piles, and drilled shafts. An analysis is also included to test the performance of the newly proposed design formulations. Finally, a simplified flowchart is presented for convenient application of the enhanced expressions.