cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Transplantation after Myeloablative Rituximab/BEAM ± Bortezomib for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies: 5-Year Follow-Up Results

Abstract Although bortezomib and rituximab have synergistic activity in patients with lymphoma and both can attenuate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the drugs have not been used together in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In this phase I/II trial, we assessed the safety and activity of bortezomib added to the rituximab (R) plus BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) regimen in patients with relapsed lymphoma undergoing alloSCT. Primary GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and methotrexate. Bortezomib (1 to 1.3 mg/m2 per dose) was administered i.v. on days –13, –6, –1, and +2. We performed inverse probability weighting analysis to compare GVHD and survival results with an historical control group that received R-BEAM without bortezomib. Thirty-nine patients were assessable for toxic effects and response. The median age was 54 years. The most common diagnosis was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (41%). Twenty-two patients (56%) and 17 patients (44%) received their transplants from matched related and matched unrelated donors, respectively. The maximum tolerated bortezomib dose was 1 mg/m2. The weighted cumulative incidences of grades II to IV and III or IV acute GVHD were 50% and 34%, respectively; these incidences and survival rates were not significantly different from those of the control group. Median survival was not reached in patients age ≤ 50 years and with a long follow-up time of 60.7 months. The R-BEAM regimen has a survival benefit in lymphoma patients age ≤ 50 years undergoing alloSCT. The addition of bortezomib has no impact on survival or incidence of GVHD.
Frozen Section Evaluation of Central Nervous System Lesions

Intraoperative consultation is an important part of the management of patients with both neoplastic and nonneoplastic central nervous system (CNS) lesions which are targeted for surgical biopsy or intervention. The primary goal of intraoperative consultation is to ensure that adequate tissue is available for an accurate final diagnosis. This may, at times, necessitate the need for multiple biopsies, because many lesions which are the target of biopsy are heterogeneous in nature. Effective communication between the pathologist and the neurosurgeon at the time of surgery is an important component of successfully employing this process. Although the role of frozen section is the particular focus of this review, cytologic preparations in some cases have much to offer and can complement frozens sections. A systematic approach to evaluating a frozen section slide is useful. Basic clinical information is helpful in the beginning to frame a differential diagnosis. An assessment for location, if possible, by review of the microscopic section can be useful. Because most of the lesions targeted by frozen sections are neoplastic, the pathologist needs to be aware of flags that might be indicative of a nonneoplastic diagnosis (such things as increased number of macrophages, increased neutrophils, granulomatous inflammation, chronic inflammation, and abnormal blood vessels). Pathologists are cautioned not to overinterpret or overgrade lesions on frozen sections. Neurosurgeons are reminded that frozen section diagnoses represent a preliminary result, and are subject to discrepancy with the final diagnosis for a variety of reasons including heterogeneity of lesions being sampled, experience of pathologists, and technical issues impacting on the quality of the frozen section slide.
A comparison of wealth inequality in humans and non-humans

Abstract Inequality in the distribution of material resources (wealth) occurs widely across human groups. The extent of inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, is less in small-scale societies, such as hunter-gatherers and pastoralists, and greater in large-scale ones like current nation states. In many societies, the statistical distribution of wealth takes a characteristic form: unimodal, skewed to the right, and fat-tailed. However, we have relatively little systematic information about the distribution of material resources in nonhuman animals even though such resources are vital to their survival and fitness. Here we present the first description of inequality in material resources in an animal population: the distribution of gastropod (snail) shells inhabited by the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. We find that the shell distribution for the crabs strongly resembles the characteristic form of wealth distribution in human groups. The amount of inequality in the crabs is more than that in some small-scale human groups but less than that in nations. We argue that the shell distribution in the crabs is not simply generated by biological factors such as survival and growth of either crabs or gastropods. Instead, the strong resemblance in the human and hermit crab distributions suggests that comparable factors, not dependent upon culture or social institutions, could shape the patterns of inequality in both groups. In addition to the similarity in their inequality distributions, human and hermit crabs share other features of resource distribution, including the use of vacancy chains, not seen in other species. Based upon these parallels, we propose that P. longicarpus could be used as an animal model to test two factors – individual differences and intergenerational property transfers – that some economists theorize as major factors influencing the form of wealth distributions in humans. We also propose that inequality in hermit crabs could provide a baseline for examining human inequality.
The Role of pkc-3 and Genetic Suppressors in Caenorhabditis elegans Epithelial Cell Junction Formation

Epithelial cells form intercellular junctions to strengthen cell–cell adhesion and limit diffusion, allowing epithelia to function as dynamic tissues and barriers separating internal and external environments. Junctions form as epithelial cells differentiate; clusters of junction proteins first concentrate apically, then mature into continuous junctional belts that encircle and connect each cell. In mammals and Drosophila, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is required for junction maturation, although how it contributes to this process is poorly understood. A role for the Caenorhabditis elegans aPKC homolog PKC-3 in junction formation has not been described previously. Here, we show that PKC-3 is essential for junction maturation as epithelia first differentiate. Using a temperature-sensitive allele of pkc-3 that causes junction breaks in the spermatheca and leads to sterility, we identify intragenic and extragenic suppressors that render pkc-3 mutants fertile. Intragenic suppressors include an unanticipated stop-to-stop mutation in the pkc-3 gene, providing evidence for the importance of stop codon identity in gene activity. One extragenic pkc-3 suppressor is a loss-of-function allele of the lethal(2) giant larvae homolog lgl-1, which antagonizes aPKC within epithelia of Drosophila and mammals, but was not known previously to function in C. elegans epithelia. Finally, two extragenic suppressors are loss-of-function alleles of sups-1—a previously uncharacterized gene. We show that SUPS-1 is an apical extracellular matrix protein expressed in epidermal cells, suggesting that it nonautonomously regulates junction formation in the spermatheca. These findings establish a foundation for dissecting the role of PKC-3 and interacting genes in epithelial junction maturation.
Outcomes of Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty in Nonagenarians and Centenarians.

Abstract Background Nonagenarians and centenarians are among the fastest growing demographics in the United States. Although consequent demand for joint replacement is projected to rise precipitously, outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) have seldom been studied in this population. Methods A retrospective cohort of patients undergoing primary THA was established using the 2008-2017 American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program. Propensity scores were used to match 858 patients aged 90 or older to 858 patients aged 65-89, controlling for demographic factors and comorbidities. Thirty-day outcomes were compared between matched age cohorts using multiple regression modeling. Results Statistically equivalent 30-day rates of surgical infection (P = .73), pneumonia (P = .39), deep venous thrombosis/thrombophlebitis (P = .55), pulmonary embolism (P = .69), stroke (P = .73), myocardial infarction (P = .44), cardiac arrest (P = .69), and sepsis (P = .77) were observed between matched age cohorts, although nonagenarians and centenarians were significantly more likely to experience urinary tract infection (2.8% vs 0.9%, P = .004). In addition, matched patients aged 90 or older were more likely to have longer hospital stays (3.52 vs 2.81 days, P Conclusion Overall, THA remains a safe and viable treatment modality beyond the ninth decade of life. Patient comorbidity profiles, rather than age, should principally guide shared clinical decision making.
Beyond-Right BGP for Utilizing Hidden Private Peering Links in the Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet

Today' s Internet supports a much richer private peering fabric than was previously assumed, but the existing inter-domain routing protocol, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), does not have a mechanism to route network traffic through peering links nor has a mechanism to provide incentives to the owners of peering links to share their peeing links for public network transit service. This paper proposes a new routing protocol, Beyond-Right BGP (“BR-BGP”), to utilize hidden private peering links for inter-domain routing in the Internet, as well as a mechanism, Multi-Layer Payment Broker Architecture (MLPBA) to provide incentives to the owners of hidden private peering links to share their peering links for public transit service in a scalable manner. BR-BGP is designed with its emphases on scalability in path disseminations, signaling for path setups, and packet forwarding through peering links. Another contribution of this paper, MLPBS, is designed with its emphasis on scalability in tallying the network traffic through peering links, and in transaction fees for settling network traffic through peering links.
Corrosion Monitoring of Concrete-Lined Brine Service Pipelines Using AC and DC Electrochemical Methods

The US Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) has begun using internal concrete lining for corrosion protection of steel pipelines used to transport brine. A study is underway to determine the suitability of electrochemical corrosion monitoring of concrete lined pipe. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization (LP) have been made over a three year period. Specially designed probes were installed in a brine service header during construction to permit electrochemical corrosion rate measurements to be made. Corrosion rates have been determined and results from the two types of measurements have been compared. Results show that there is fair agreement between the corrosion rates determined using the two methods. This study has shown that EIS can be successfully conducted in the field to study corrosion rates and mechanisms. However, LP may more suitable for monitoring purposes due to the simplicity of the technique and the portability of the instrumentation.
Gastroplasty as an adjunctive treatment for sleep apnea

Four male obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea were evaluated by polysomnography, both prior and 3-4 months following gastroplasty. The surgery was performed as an alternative weight loss treatment. These patients were selected for gastroplasty because they had severe obesity, obstructive sleep apnea with cardiopulmonary impairment and noncompliance on a weight loss diet. Tracheostomy was performed concomitantly in three cases. Preoperative recording demonstrated 21.2 to 100.3 apneas per hour of sleep; stage 3 was decreased in three and absent in one case; stage 4 was absent in every patient; stage REM was decreased in three cases; arterial oxygen saturation (Sa02) was below 80% in every case during apenas. Follow-up recordings with occluded tracheostomy were obtained 3-4 months after surgery. The weight reduction varied from 16.3 to 41.4% of the initial weight. The recording documented normal sleep apnea indices in three cases and partial recovery in the remainder; increase in stages 3, 4 and REM; normal Sa02 in three out of 4 cases. These findings suggest that gastroplasty may be used as an alternative treatment for weight reduction in selected OSA patients.
Tract-specific analysis improves sensitivity of spinal cord diffusion MRI to cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and the spinal cord. Corticospinal tract degeneration is a defining feature of ALS. However, there have been very few longitudinal, controlled studies assessing diffusion MRI (dMRI) metrics in different fiber tracts along the spinal cord in general or the corticospinal tract in particular. Here we demonstrate that a tract-specific analysis, with segmentation of ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord white matter, substantially increases the sensitivity of dMRI to disease-related changes in ALS. Our work also identifies the tracts and spinal levels affected in ALS, supporting electrophysiologic and pathologic evidence of involvement of sensory pathways in ALS. We note changes in diffusion metrics and cord cross-sectional area, with enhanced sensitivity to disease effects through a multimodal analysis, and with strong correlations between these metrics and spinal components of ALSFRS-R.
Ludwig’s Punch and Bertie’s Comeback: Reconciling Russell and Wittgenstein on Desire

Desires are contentful mental states. But what determines the content of a desire? Two different classic answers were proposed by Russell and by Wittgenstein, starting in the 1910s. Russell proposed a behaviourist account according to which the content of the desire is fixed by the type of state that puts an end to the relevant kind of behaviour which was triggered by some initial discomfort. The desire’s content consists in its “satisfaction conditions”. Wittgenstein criticized such an account for neglecting the crucial point that the relation between a desire and its content is a conceptual, internal one, not an external contingent one. Desires specify their own contents, their “fulfillment conditions”. Even though there is a lot to say in favour of Wittgenstein’s criticism, this paper argues that Russell pointed at an important aspect of desires which plays a crucial role for accounts of self-knowledge of one’s own desires. It turns out fulfillment conditions and satisfaction conditions are tied together in rational self-knowledge of one’s own desires. In this sense, the views of Russell and Wittgenstein can be combined in a fruitful way.
Witnessing whiteness: confronting white supremacy in the American church: by Kristopher Norris, New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, 256 pp., $29.95 (hardcover), ISBN 0190055812

Witnessing Whiteness calls the white church to conversion by merging threads of traditional and Black liberation theologies in a new ethic of responsibility. White Christian ethicist Kristopher Nor...
Safety and efficacy of linuron with or without an adjuvant or S-metolachlor for POST control of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in sweetpotato

Field studies were conducted to evaluate linuron for POST control of Palmer amaranth in sweetpotato to minimize reliance on protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. Treatments were arranged in a two by four factorial in which the first factor consisted of two rates of linuron (420 and 700 g ai ha−1), and the second factor consisted of linuron applied alone or in combinations of linuron plus a nonionic surfactant (NIS; 0.5% vol/vol), linuron plus S-metolachlor (800 g ai ha−1), or linuron plus NIS plus S-metolachlor. In addition, S-metolachlor alone and nontreated weedy and weed-free checks were included for comparison. Treatments were applied to ‘Covington’ sweetpotato 8 d after transplanting (DAP). S-metolachlor alone provided poor Palmer amaranth control because emergence had occurred at applications. All treatments that included linuron resulted in at least 98% and 91% Palmer amaranth control 1 and 2 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. Including NIS with linuron did not increase Palmer amaranth control compared to linuron alone, but it resulted in greater sweetpotato injury and subsequently decreased total sweetpotato yield by 25%. Including S-metolachlor with linuron resulted in the greatest Palmer amaranth control 4 WAT, but increased crop foliar injury to 36% 1 WAT compared to 17% foliar injury from linuron alone. Marketable and total sweetpotato yields were similar between linuron alone and linuron plus S-metolachlor or S-metolachlor plus NIS treatments, though all treatments resulted in at least 39% less total yield than the weed-free check resulting from herbicide injury and/or Palmer amaranth competition. Because of the excellent POST Palmer amaranth control from linuron 1 WAT, a system that includes linuron applied 7 DAP followed by S-metolachlor applied 14 DAP could help to extend residual Palmer amaranth control further into the critical period of weed control while minimizing sweetpotato injury.
Immunometabolism of Tissue-Resident Macrophages – An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Cutting-Edge Methods and Technologies

Tissue-resident macrophages exist in unique environments, or niches, that inform their identity and function. There is an emerging body of literature suggesting that the qualities of this environment, such as the types of cells and debris they eat, the intercellular interactions they form, and the length of time spent in residence, collectively what we call habitare, directly inform their metabolic state. In turn, a tissue-resident macrophage’s metabolic state can inform their function, including whether they resolve inflammation and protect the host from excessive perturbations of homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent work that seeks to understand the metabolic requirements for tissue-resident macrophage identity and maintenance, for how they respond to inflammatory challenges, and for how they perform homeostatic functions or resolve inflammatory insults. We end with a discussion of the emerging technologies that are enabling, or will enable, in situ study of tissue-resident macrophage metabolism.
Giving green a second thought: Modeling the value retention of green products in the secondary market

Abstract Demand for green products continues to grow. This research examines green products’ retention of value and whether new green brands differ from green brand extensions in their ability to retain value amidst technological innovations. Modeling of data from the used car market between 2004 and 2011 shows that hybrid (i.e., green) vehicles lose value faster than their non-hybrid counterparts. However, pure green brands (such as the Prius), whose ability to express greenness is more salient, lose value at a slower rate than green brand extensions. Compared with brand extensions, pure green brands are also less vulnerable to the threat of obsolescence from technological innovations (introduction of fully electric vehicles). Implications for the management and marketing of green product offerings to extract maximum value for firms and consumers are discussed and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Multi-Ion Nature of Potassium Channels in Squid Axons

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the known permeation properties of the potassium channels in squid giant axons. There are several types of experiments that can be used to distinguish among various models of ion permeation. These experiments showed the special behavior that is expected from multi-ion, single file pores. This chapter reviews these theoretical predictions and discusses the related experimental data on squid axon potassium channels responsible for the repolarization of nerve action potential. Often called the “delayed rectifier,” these channels can be distinguished from other conductances by their strong sensitivity to membrane potential, by high ionic selectivity, and by their reaction to various pharmacological agents. In addition, these potassium-selective channels exhibit many of the permeation characteristics of multi-ion pores. The chapter presents a simple model of this potassium pore that accounts, at least qualitatively, for a wide range of experimental results. However, this rather simple pore model can readily reproduce the experimental data in a qualitative and, in many cases, a quantitative manner.
Chapter 34 Hemispheric specialization for emotions, affective aspects of language and communication and the cognitive control of display behaviors in humans

Publisher Summary This chapter explores pertinent clinical data that bear on the concept of the emotional motor system (EMS). The term EMS mixes together anatomical and functional concepts whereas terms such as neocortical, pyramidal or limbic motor system refer primarily to a distinct anatomical entity without necessarily defining its functions. Thus, as a conceptual term, EMS has validity if two criteria are met: (1) motor behaviors associated with the EMS are considered predominantly emotional and (2) emotional behaviors are organized predominantly through the EMS. One of the more striking conditions encountered in the clinic are patients with brain lesions that induce pathological affect. Patients with this condition will intermittently exhibit emotional display behaviors, usually laughing, crying or both, in response to trivial environmental stimuli that have little, if any, emotional valence. The displays are realistic, involuntary and have an “all or none” quality. In most instances the affective displays do not reflect the actual internal feeling state of the patients, who often complain bitterly of their inability to control these highly exaggerated and socially embarrassing behaviors.
Feminism's Third Wave: Surfing to Oblivion?

Summary “Third wave” feminists, raised in the wake of an established feminist movement as well as a strong anti-feminist backlash, are beginning to define their own feminist agenda. “Third wave” feminists are exploring the contradictions in their lived experience as feminists, and examining the inter section of feminism with their other identities. Young feminists' self-expression has been characterized (by feminists and non-feminists) as “self-obsessed” and “divorced from matters of public purpose” (Bellafante, 1998, p. 57 & 60). In this essay, we provide an alternative view of “third wave” expression, seeing young feminists' honesty in their struggles with various identities as a resurgence of grass roots activism; a return to “the personal.” In this essay, we call for an intergenerational dialogue between second and third wave feminists, and encourage feminist therapists to support and validate young feminists.
The effect of female migration on infant and child survival in Uganda

This article uses data from the 1996 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey to examine whether migration of women improves the survival chances of their children to age five. We expand on prior research by testing not only the hypothesized positive effect of rural-urban migration, but also the effects of other migration stream behaviours on child survival. Results show that up to 10% of children die before age five and within-group differences in mortality exist among urban and rural children depending on their mother's migration status. Only urban-urban migration was significantly related to child survival, compared to rural non-migrants, after controlling for other factors, although other streams of migration (rural-urban, urban-rural, rural-rural) were positively related to child survival. Generally, migration explains a small component of the variance in child survival. Several other factors, including parents' education, household size, household headship, mother's age at birth, duration of breastfeeding, and place of delivery have a significant predictive power on child survival.
Dyslipidemia Management for Secondary Prevention in Women with Cardiovascular Disease: What Can We Expect From Nonpharmacologic Strategies?

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and the treatment of dyslipidemia is a cornerstone of secondary prevention. Pharmacologic therapy with statins can lower LDL-C by 30 %–50 % and reduce the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease in both men and women. While significant reductions in LDL-C can be achieved with statin therapy, diet and lifestyle modification remain an essential part of the treatment regimen for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, a large proportion of the US population is sedentary, overweight, and does not consume a heart-healthy diet. Nonpharmacologic treatment strategies also improve other cardiovascular risk factors and are generally easily accessible. In this review, we examine the effect of nonpharmacologic therapy on lipids as part of the secondary prevention strategy of cardiovascular disease in women.
Federal-state coordination in coastal management. An assessment of the federal consistency provision of the Coastal Zone Management Act

Abstract Although much has been written about the federal consistency process of the Coastal Zone Management Act, almost no empirical analysis has been done on the program. In 1988, we surveyed state coastal zone management program officials for data on federal consistency submissions reviewed during the 1987 calendar year. In addition to questions about the frequency and types of consistency reviews conducted, state officials were asked questions about the effectiveness of the consistency mechanism and their relationships with various federal agencies. This article summarizes the results of our assessment and reviews the evolution of federal consistency and its implementation prior to the 1990 amendments.
MO-C-T-6E-04: Einstein 1905 and Beyond: The ``Revolutionary'' Paper, Plus Four, Plus Five

In the short duration of six months, one week, and two days, Einstein, in 1905, wrote five papers that stand today at the bedrock of physics. Only one of these papers was, according to Einstein himself, revolutionary. This paper, on the nature of light, made him the father of quantum physics. In the other four papers, Einstein clearly eschewed trivialities as he demonstrated the reality of atoms and examined their dimensions (the reality of atoms was still debated in 1905), put the laws of thermodynamics on a new footing as he established the validity of the kinetic theory, enhanced the significance of the speed of light, and purged the basic concepts of space, time, mass, and energy of profound fallacies. But Einstein did not retire after 1905. He continued a career that, in sum, stands alone in the annals of physics.
Do source of mailing and monetary incentives matter in international industrial mail surveys

Abstract To date there has been only a handful of studies on response rates of industrial mail surveys in the international setting. These studies have essentially dealt with either source of mailing effects or monetary incentives, and not a single study has dealt with both issues. Further, the results have been equivocal. In an attempt to resolve these equivocal findings, the authors report the results of a study wherein the impact of source of mailing effects and two types of monetary incentives on industrial mail survey response rates were investigated. Specifically, the hypotheses that a monetary incentive is better than a mailing effects incentive, a prize giveaway is better than a dollar incentive , and joint effects is better than only domestic mailing effects in enhancing response rates, were tested. Six hundred randomly selected Indian companies were systematically assigned to one of four groups, with a mailing size of 150 for each group. The four groups were the dollar incentive group , the prize giveaway group , the joint effects group , and a control group . The results indicate that the prize giveaway type of monetary incentive yielded a response rate of 25% that was significantly higher than the 7% of either the joint effects or the control group . Considering that prize giveaway had the least cost per response, it clearly appears superior to the other two tactics in enhancing response rates. More importantly, because joint effects fared no better than the control group in terms of response rates, it is difficult not to conclude that any attempt to sensitize respondents to a joint, domestic and foreign, affiliation in the context of research sponsorship would likely be a wasted effort.
Anglo‐Americanisms in the French Sporting Vocabulary

This article shows the influence of Anglo-Americanisms on the French sporting vocabulary. The first large influx of English sport terms dates from the advent of the Industrial Revolution which favored the development of team sports and athletic associations in England. Soccer was the first English team sport introduced into France. Other Engish, and then American sports, like rugby, basketball, volleyball, golf, boxing, and tennis followed in rapid succession. Each new sport brought with it a plethora of foreignisms. Most underwent varying degrees of change in French. Some retained their Anglo-American origins; others have been replaced. Still others, while keeping their orthographies, have undergone peculiar changes in meaning and function. The author concludes that because many sports have become increasingly popular in French society, the replacement of Anglicisms will be virtually assured. Other, more “elitist” sports like polo and golf will not encourage such replacement.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) unmasks specific high affinity FSH-binding sites in cell-free membrane preparations of porcine granulosa cells

The purpose of these studies was to determine whether changes in FSH receptors correlated with FSH-induced attenuation of FSH-responsive adenylyl cyclase in immature porcine granulosa cells. Cells were incubated with FSH (1-1000 ng/ml) for up to 24 h, treated with acidified medium (pH 3.5) to remove FSH bound to cells, and incubated with [125I]iodo-porcine FSH to quantify FSH-binding sites. FSH increased binding of FSH in a time-, temperature-, and FSH concentration-dependent manner. FSH (200 ng/ml) increased binding approximately 4-fold within 16 h. Analysis of equilibrium saturation binding data indicated that the increase in binding sites reflected a 2.3-fold increase in receptor number and a 5.4-fold increase in apparent affinity. The increase in binding did not appear to be due to 1) a decrease in receptor turnover, since the basal rate of turnover appeared to be very slow; 2) an increase in receptor synthesis, since agents that inhibit protein synthesis and glycosylation did not block the increase in binding; or 3) an increase in intracellular receptors, since agents that inhibit cytoskeletal components had no effect. Agents that increase intracellular cAMP did not affect FSH binding. The increase in binding appeared to result from unmasking of cryptic FSH-binding sites, since FSH increased binding in cell-free membrane preparations to the same extent as in cells. Unmasking of cryptic sites was hormone specific, and the sites bound FSH specifically. Unmasking of sites was reversible in a time- and temperature-dependent manner after removal of bound FSH. The similarity between the FSH dose-response relationships for unmasking of FSH-binding sites and attenuation of FSH-responsive cAMP production suggests that the two processes are functionally linked.
Bias selecting in TEXES electronics

TEXES is a high resolution mid-infrared spectrograph acting as a visiting instrument at the NASA IRTF and Gemini North telescopes. Switching from high (R=100,000) to medium resolution (R=15,000), the noise becomes detector dominated due to charge cascades in the low-background detector. This is remedied by lowering the bias voltage across the detector, a problem during observing runs as it requires manual adjustment within the electronics. To save telescope time, a bias selector has been created to allow the bias voltage to be switched from the control room between four options. The options were chosen based upon signal to noise vs. bias voltage testing.
Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Deep Silicate Rock

A method for disposing of nuclear-reactor wastes by in-situ incorporation in molten silicate rock is presented. In this method, liquid wastes are injected into a deep underground chimney and allowed to self-boil. The resulting steam is processed at the ground surface and recycled into a closed system. When waste addition is terminated, the chimney is allowed to boil dry, thereby solidifying the waste. The heat generated by the radioactive waste then melts the surrounding rock, which dissolves the waste. Finally, the rock refreezes, trapping the radioactivity in an insoluble rock matrix deep underground. This method has significant environmental and economic advantages over previously proposed methods.
Management of glycemia in type 2 diabetes

Abstract The management of type 2 diabetes has been revolutionized over the last 3 to 5 years as a result of dramatic changes in our health care system, new clinical trial data, novel pharmacologic agents, and a better understanding of appropriate methods for patient education regarding lifestyle issues. As a result, diabetes management has become much more heterogeneous, with dramatic differences in style and approach used by practitioners, whether diabetes specialists, primary care providers, or allied health professionals. Diabetes care has also become much more rewarding The vast majority of patients can now achieve excellent glycemic control while leading full and unrestricted lives. In this article, a construct is reviewed by which comprehensive diabetes care may be approached in a primary care setting. The overall goal of diabetes management should be to provide an opportunity for patients to live out their normal life expectancies with minimal complications. In other articles, screening and treatment suggestions for diabetes complications are provided. Prospective interventional and epidemiologic studies demonstrate that glycemic control is critical to avoidance of complications, the methods to achieve glycemic control are the major focus of this chapter.
Kinematics and Kinetics of Flagellar Locomotion in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

The forces exerted on the flagellum of the swimming alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by surrounding fluid are estimated from video data. “Wild-type” cells, as well as cells lacking inner dynein arms (ida3) and cells lacking outer dynein arms (oda2) were imaged (350 fps; 125 nm). Digital image registration and sorting algorithms provide high-resolution descriptions of the kinematics of the cell body and flagellum. The swimming cell is then modeled as an ellipsoid in Stokes flow, propelled by viscous forces that depend linearly on the velocity of the flagellum. The coefficients (CN and CT) that related normal and tangent forces on the flagellum to corresponding velocity components are estimated from equilibrium requirements. Their values are consistent among all three genotypes and similar to theoretical predictions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Atomistic Constructions by using Scanning Tunneling Microscope Tip

We demonstrate an atomic scale construction scheme, which is performed at an area as small as a few tens of nanometer square. In this atomic scale construction site, all the basic building blocks, single atoms, are extracted locally using a scanning-tunneling-microscope tip from the substrate. These extracted atoms are then precisely positioned on the surface to form desired structures. After the completion of the construction, the remaining debris are removed and the undesired holes near the construction site are filled with atoms/clusters to tidy up the area. This entire construction scheme closely resembles our real world construction process and can be considered as its atomic-scale analog.
A regular solution model for impurity drag on a migrating grain boundary

We analyze the effect of solution thermodynamics on the mobility of grain boundaries in the presence of diffusing impurities within the framework of the impurity drag theory originally proposed by Cahn and Lucke and Stuwe for an ideal solution. The new derivation is performed within the framework of the regular solution model. The effects of non-ideality are largest when the impurities are attracted to the grain boundary and the deviation from ideality is positive. Positive deviations from ideality lead to enhanced impurity drag on the boundary and negative deviations lead to higher boundary mobility. When the impurities are attracted to the boundary, positive (negative) deviations from ideality produces larger (smaller) activation enthalpies for boundary migration (relative to the ideal solution). At large impurity concentrations, the activation enthalpy becomes impurity concentration independent. Decreasing impurity concentrations in ideal solutions and regular solutions with a negative deviation from ideality leads to a decrease in the activation enthalpy for migration.
Environmental effects on fractional exhaled nitric oxide in allergic children.

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma and respiratory allergy. Environmental factors, especially indoor and outdoor air quality, may play an important role in triggering acute exacerbations of respiratory symptoms. The authors have reviewed the literature reporting effects of outdoor and indoor pollutants on FeNO in children. Although the findings are not consistent, urban and industrial pollution—mainly particles (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)—as well as formaldehyde and electric baseboard heating have been shown to increase FeNO, whilst ozone (O3) tends to decrease it. Among children exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) with a genetic polymorphisms in nitric oxide synthase genes (NOS), a higher nicotine exposure was associated with lower FeNO levels. Finally, although more studies are needed in order to better investigate the effect of gene and environment interactions which may affect the interpretation of FeNO values in the management of children with asthma, clinicians are recommended to consider environmental exposures when taking medical histories for asthma and respiratory allergy. Further research is also needed to assess the effects of remedial interventions aimed at reducing/abating environmental exposures in asthmatic/allergic patients.
Generalized equipartition law

Abstract The equipartition law of statistical mechanics is written in arbitrary phase coordinates. It allows the establishment of some identities for average values along trajectories. These identities contain arbitrary functions. Based on the particular choice of these functions, some relations for average values are derived. Most of the results do not employ the Hamiltonian structure of the governing equations.
Epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus

The seventeenth case of epidermoid carcinoma arising in a pilonidal sinus is presented. Treatment and results of reported cases are reviewed. For the sake of completeness, four additional cases of unspecified types of pilonidal cancer are included.
Design of metamaterials with negative refractive index

ABSTRACT Due to the recent experimental validations of left-handed metamaterials, negative refractive index has now become recognized as a new parameter space for the electromagnetic response of materials. Because materials with negative index behave quite differently than materials with positive index, many familiar electromagnetic phenomena must be reconsidered. Having established now the scientific basis of negative index, the effort of the community is turning toward the practical realization of both the predicted scientific phenomena and associated applications. In both of these pursuits, the ability to design, characterize and fabricate negative index materials is critical; we can consider the current status of negative refraction in some sense a materials issue, as our ability to demonstrate the predicted phenomena is linked to the quality of metamaterials we can produce. In this paper we consider several issues associated with the design and simulation of negative index metamaterials. Keywords: Negative index, left-handed materials, metamaterials
Examination of minoxidil-induced acute cardiotoxicity in miniature swine.

Abstract Minoxidil, a vasolidating anithypertensive agent, was given orally in doses of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg to miniature swine on 2 consecutive days. Mean arterial pressure decreased and heart rate increased most consistently after the 10 mg/kg dose. However, all 3 doses of minixidil induced myocardial hemorrhages and/or left ventricular papillary muscle necrosis within 24 h after the second dose. Necrosis, characterized by hypercontraction of muscle cells and myofibrillar damage, occured in 1 of 8 pigs given 1 mg/kg, 3 of 13 given 3 mg/kg and 7 of 14 given 10 mg/kg of minoxidil. The pharmacological effects of minoxidil, hypotension and reflex tachycardia, probably led to ischemia and necrosis in left ventricular papillary muscles. Gross hemorrhages involving the left atrium and to a lesser extent the left ventricle were found in 4 of 8 pigs given 1 mg/kg, 9 of 13 given 3 mg/kg and 11 of 14 given 10 mg/kg of minoxidil. The atrial lesions were manifested grossly by diffuse redness and microscopically by interstitial edema, extravasation of erythrocytes and infiltration of areas around small arteries and arterioles with acute and chronic inflammatory cells. The hemmorhagic areas were concentrated along the epicardial surfaces, and to a lesser extent along the endocardial surfaces. Atrial lesions induced by minoxidil preferentially involve the left atrium in pigs and the right atrium in dogs. These differences may be related to the anatomic patterns of coronary circulation in the 2 species.
Two-Dimensional Polymerization of Lipid Bilayers: Visible-Light-Sensitized Photoinitiation

The sensitized polymerization of synthetic lipid bilayers via visible-light irradiation of membrane-bound cyanine dyes is reported. Visible-light-initiated polymerizations were successful with liposomes composed solely or partly of either 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-(2‘,4‘-hexadienoyloxy)decanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (mono-SorbPC), 1,2-bis[10-(2‘,4‘-hexadienoyloxy)decanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (bis-SorbPC), or 1,2-bis(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DenPC). The ballasted sensitizing dyes reported here were conveniently incorporated into liposomes. The sensitizing dye N,N‘-dioctadecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate, DiIC(18)3, was used in many of these studies because its absorption properties were especially well matched to the spectral output of the light source. The lipid product from the sensitized photoconversion of mono-SorbPC was transesterified and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, which revealed the presence of a polymer with a rel...
'The bull is half the herd': property rights and enclosures in England, 1750-1850

Abstract Common fields reduced the transaction costs for commoners’ cow keeping by lowering the cost of insemination. After enclosure, cow keeping fell among small owners who, unlike large farmers, could neither jointly own the bull and the cow nor lease the male easily. The minimum acreage required to restore cow keepers to their pre-enclosure economic position indicates that many commoners who were given some land at settlement were inadequately compensated for the change in property rights.
Salt Tolerance Expressed as a Cellular Trait in Suspension Cultures Developed from the Halophytic Grass Distichlis spicata

Summary Aberrant root tissue derived from primary in vitro expiants of the halophytic grass Distichlis spicata , eventually gave rise to friable callus lines after prolonged manual selection for «callus-like» cultures. Rapidly dividing (cell doubling times ∼ 40 h) cell suspension cultures initiated from friable callus, were exposed to NaCl concentrations up to 860 mM. Growth curves constructed from both packed cell volume and cell number estimations demonstrated no depression of growth at salinities as high as 170 mM and 200 mM NaCl. Even at much higher salt concentrations the Distichlis suspensions were still able to grow, although at reduced rates. In contrast, suspension cultures of Nicotiana sylvestris and Zea mays were much less tolerant of salt. After 3 years of growth in non-selective (i.e. salt-free) media, the Distichlis suspensions still expressed the salt tolerance trait. A comparison of previously published data on halophytes with similar data for D. spicata suggests that a considerable proportion of the salt tolerance expressed by this halophytic monocot is cellularly based and is not dependent upon anatomical and physiological specializations of whole plants.
Growth and carbon utilization by sprouted propagules of two species of submersed rooted aquatic plants grown in darkness

Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle tubers from monoecious plants andPotamogeton gramineus L. winter buds were sprouted and allowed to grow in the dark for 120 days. We measured plant length and counted the number of leaves at 2–3 day intervals.Hydrilla grew most rapidly during the first 16–17 days andPotamogeton grew most rapidly during the first 16–25 days. Measurement of propagule carbon content over time indicated that cessation of rapid growth coincided with depletion of tuber carbon by one-half forHydrilla. ForPotamogeton, growth was reduced after 16 to 25 days while the winter bud C half-life was 37 days. Calculations indicated thatHydrilla mobilized 49% andPotamogeton 39% of the initial propagule carbon to support growth. In a second experiment, in which plants were grown in substrate the plants grew taller and produced slightly more leaves per plant.Potamogeton removed from darkness after specified time periods, and allowed to grow for 21 days in a greenhouse recovered from 20–30 days in the dark. Similarly treatedHydrilla plants recovered from up to 80 days in the dark.Potamogeton had mobilized 79% of initial C by the time it was unable to recover from the dark treatment. Combined results for both species indicate that the majority of propagule C was utilized in the first 16 to 30 days following sprouting. In conjunction with an understanding propagule sprouting requirements, this information will be useful in the timing of application for management techniques.
Investigation of transonic flow in a cascade using an adaptive mesh

The solution of two-dimensional full potential equation for the analysis of steady transonic flow through cascades is investigated. Finite element method is employed in the analysis. Accuracy and efficiency of the obtained numerical solutions are discussed in terms of the employed computational grid. Accurate modeling of subsonic and supersonic flow regions together with the shock is discussed. The choice of artificial viscosity and relaxation factors are examined and related to the design of a computational grid. Shock capturing and shock fitting procedures are compared for improved accuracy and efficiency. Numerical results include cascades of Gostelow and NACA 0012 airfoils.