cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OPERATING SYSTEMS TECHNIQUES FOR PARALLEL COMPUTATION IN INTELLIGENT MEMORY

Advances in DRAM density have led to several proposals to perform computation in memory [1] [2] [3]. Active Pages is a page-based model of intelligent memory that can exploit large amounts of parallel computation in data-intensive applications. With a simple VLIW processor embedded near each page on DRAM, Active Page memory systems achieve up to 1000X speedups over conventional memory systems [4]. Active Pages are specifically designed to support virtualized hardware resources. In this study, we examine operating system techniques that allow Active Page memories to share, or multiplex, embedded VLIW processors across multiple physical Active Pages. We explore the trade-off between individual page-processor performance and page-level multiplexing. We find that hardware costs of computational logic can be reduced from 31% of DRAM chip area to 12%, through multiplexing, without significant loss in performance. Furthermore, manufacturing defects that disable up to 50% of the page processors can be tolerated through efficient resource allocation and associative multiplexing.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity enhances monocytic phenotype and cell cycle traverse in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated HL60 cells.

The function of most cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) is to facilitate progression through the checkpoints of the cell cycle, but Cdk5 is known to be involved in differentiation of CNS, muscle, and lens cells, though not in the cell cycle traverse. Here we show an additional role for Cdk5, an enhancement of monocytic differentiation with abrogation of the G1 checkpoint. Human leukemia HL60 cells exposed to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) displayed monocytic phenotype and increased Cdk5 kinase activity. An analog of 1,25D3 which does not induce differentiation failed to upregulate Cdk5, and 1,25D3-resistant cells had reduced Cdk5 activity. Active or inactive Cdk5 was associated with cyclin D1, but only active Cdk5 exhibited threonine phosphorylation. Inhibition of Cdk5 expression by an antisense construct reduced the intensity of 1, 25D3-induced expression of CD14, a marker of monocytes, and increased the 1,25D3-induced G1 block. These findings demonstrate a novel aspect of Cdk5 activity-facilitation of the G1- to S-phase transition in cells which are approaching replicative quiescence and a concomitant enhancement of monocytic differentiation.
Protein oxidation biomarkers in hyperoxic lung injury in rats: effects of U-74389.

Abstract Hyperoxia, used therapeutically in the treatment of respiratory insufficiencies, can cause lung injury, probably through the actions of reactive oxygen species. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that oxidation of specific proteins would provide useful biomarkers of the onset of tissue injury, and thereby provide clues as to the mechanisms responsible. We exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to room air or to greater than 95% O2 for 60 h and examined proteins in pleural effusion and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and in lung tissue homogenates and subfractions. Oxidation of protein thiols was assessed by derivatization with monobromobimane, separation by electrophoresis, and visualization of the fluorescent thioether derivatives. Derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), electrophoresis, and western analysis was employed to assess a different class of oxidative modifications, frequently termed `protein carbonyls'. In addition, we investigated the effects of the 21-aminosteroid U-74389G, 10 mg/kg, given intraperitoneally every 12 h, on biomarkers of protein oxidation and on manifestations of lung injury. Hyperoxia caused lung injury evidenced by pleural effusions, increases in BAL protein concentrations, and pulmonary edema; U-74389G attenuated the first two indices of lung injury, but did not alter edema. Protein thiol status of the fractions studied were not affected notably by hyperoxia, or by the aminosteroid. The formation of DNPH-reactive sites on a limited number of proteins by hyperoxia was observed, and some of these effects were attenuated in the animals given U-74389G. Histological examination of lung tissues showed accumulation of intra-alveolar protein exudates in hyperoxic rats, and a significant attenuation of this effect was observed in the animals treated with U-74389G. In conclusion, studies of shifts in protein thiol status that may be caused by hyperoxia will require increasingly specific methods of analysis, and characterization of the specific DNPH-reactive proteins formed in hyperoxia may provide critical insights into the mechanisms of lung injury. Administration of U-74389G offers some degree of protection against hyperoxia and attenuation of these biomarkers of oxidation, but the precise mechanisms by which this protection is effected will require additional study.
An integrated sustainability analysis of construction waste management strategies

A multi-criteria optimization model has been developed to propose economically sound and environmentally benign construction waste management strategies for LEED© certified green buildings. First, an input-output based hybrid life cycle assessment model has been developed to quantify the net environmental impacts of different waste management options such as recycling, conventional landfilling and incineration. After quantifying the net environmental burdens associated with these waste management alternatives, a compromised programming model has been utilized to determine the optimum recycling strategy considering environmental and economic impacts, simultaneously.
Arbeitsbereiche von Geruchsrezeptoren auf der Moskitoantenne (Aedes aegypti)

Abstract Olfactory receptor cells are located on the antennae of female Aedes aegypti. There are four different types of hair-like, thin-walled setae. These types are called A1, A2, A3, and A4. Optically controlled, extracellular microelectrode recordings from types A2 and A3 prove their different olfactory reactions while stimulated by odour. The well-known mosquito repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is used as standard stimulus to investigate the working range of types A2 and A3. The olfactory receptors of type A2 show only partly a spontaneous activity whereas A3 receptors always show this spontaneous activity. After excitation by the standard stimulus, the sense cells of types A2 and A3 react with the typical phasic-tonic increase of the impulse frequency. The phasic and the tonic part of the impulse reaction of the sense cells of types A2 and A3 are compared with each other. Type A3 shows a much higher impulse frequency than type A2, when stimulated by the same standard stimulus. Two stimuli (conditioning and test stimulus) of concentrated DEET are presented to the cells (types A2 and A3) with a re-creation time of 1 min between them. No adaptation is observed. If the re-creation time is shortened the reaction of the nerve cells to the test stimulus will decrease. This effect of adaptation shows a logarithmic decrease of the impulse frequency. Reactions to repetitive short stimuli and continuous stimuli (nearly 1 hr) were investigated.
A Simplified Mesh Deformation Method Using Commercial Structural Analysis Software

Mesh deformation in response to redefined or moving aerodynamic surface geometries is a frequently encountered task in many applications. Most existing methods are either mathematically too complex or computationally too expensive for usage in practical design and optimization. We propose a simplified mesh deformation method based on linear elastic finite element analyses that can be easily implemented by using commercially available structural analysis software. Using a prescribed displacement at the mesh boundaries, a simple structural analysis is constructed based on a spatially varying Young s modulus to move the entire mesh in accordance with the surface geometry redefinitions. A variety of surface movements, such as translation, rotation, or incremental surface reshaping that often takes place in an optimization procedure, may be handled by the present method. We describe the numerical formulation and implementation using the NASTRAN software in this paper. The use of commercial software bypasses tedious reimplementation and takes advantage of the computational efficiency offered by the vendor. A two-dimensional airfoil mesh and a three-dimensional aircraft mesh were used as test cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Euler and Navier-Stokes calculations were performed for the deformed two-dimensional meshes.
Waste anesthetic gas and vapor exposures in veterinary hospitals and clinics

A survey of veterinary hospitals and clinics was conducted to determine the extent of usage of inhalation anesthetics and measure exposures of veterinarians and their assistants to waste anesthetic gases and vapors. A questionnaire survey indicated 80.8 percent of practices in the study area used inhalation anesthetics, with a wide range noted between types of practices. Exposures to waste anesthetics were less in veterinary hospitals than reported in human hospitals. Mean methoxyflurane concentrations were 1.9 ppm and 1.7 ppm in breathing zones of small animal veterinarians and animal technicians, respectively. Waste methoxyflurane concentrations were significantly affected by size of patient, type of breathing system, and use of scavenging systems. Dilution ventilation had no significant effect on breathing zone concentrations of waste methoxyflurane.
Temperament, distraction, and learning in toddlerhood

The word- and nonword-learning abilities of toddlers were tested under various conditions of environmental distraction, and evaluated with respect to children's temperamental attentional focus. Thirty-nine children and their mothers visited the lab at child age 21-months, where children were exposed to fast-mapping word-learning trials and nonlinguistic sequential learning trials. It was found that both word- and nonword-learning were adversely affected by the presentation of environmental distractions. But it was also found that the effect of the distractions sometimes depended on children's level of attentional focus. Specifically, children high in attentional focus were less affected by environmental distractions than children low in attentional focus when attempting to learn from a model, whereas children low in attentional focus demonstrated little learning from the model. Translationally, these results may be of use to child health-care providers investigating possible sources of cognitive and language delay.
Projections of cervicothoracic dorsal roots to the cuneate nucleus of the rat, with observations on cellular "bricks".

The distribution of cervicothoracic (C1–T2) dorsal roots to the cuneate and accessory cuneate nuclei was studied in the rat with the Fink- Heimer I technique following single extradural rhizotomies. Cytoarchitectural analysis of the cuneate nucleus revealed an anatomically distinct caudal and rostral region. The caudal region was characterized by discrete aggregates of cells arranged as “slabs” or “bricks” which continue vertically almost to the ventral limit of the cuneate nucleus. In contrast, the cells of the rostral region were organized in a non-focal manner. The projection of the cervicothoracic dorsal roots to the cuneate nucleus reflected the cytoarchitectural pattern observed; non-focal terminal fields of degeneration in the rostral region and discrete “terminal field bands” of degeneration isolated from one another by degeneration-free zones in the caudal region. However, the projections of dorsal roots C5 and T2 to the caudal region is non-focal. In both regions of the cuneate nucleus, the distribution of dorsal root degeneration was topographically organized with cranial roots terminating ventrolaterally and more caudal roots, dorsomedially. The amount of intersegmental overlap of dorsal root terminal fields was greater in the rostral than in the caudal region. Individual dorsal roots projected differentially to the two regions of the cuneate nucleus. Roots C3 and C4 distributed primarily to the rostral region whereas C5 to T1 distributed to both regions. T2 root projected primarily to the caudal region. Dorsal roots C1 and C2 did not terminate in either region of the cuneate nucleus. All roots studied projected heavily and topographically to the accessory cuneate nucleus. Extensive overlap of the very dense terminal fields characterized the dorsal root projections to the accessory cuneate nucleus. On the basis of cytoarchitectonics and dorsal root projections, a dual organization of the cuneate nucleus was revealed. This organization reflected previous anatomical and electrophysiological studies in the rat and paralleled the organization described in the dorsal column nuclei of the cat. The significance of the dual organization with respect to dorsal column function was discussed, as was the finding of the lack of C1 and C2 dorsal root projections to the cuneate nucleus.
Some minimal non-orientable matroids of rank three

We construct an infinite family of minor-minimal rank three matroids that are not orientable.
Saving journalism from itself (and from US): The Hutchins Commission was right then, so what about now?

Even though the Hutchins Commission report has not explicitly informed journalistic practices, it has achieved a profound effect in its critique of media access equity and its concerns about media ownership. This article revisits the commission report to interpret its relevance to current media problems. Despite its practical shortcomings of influence, the report continues to provoke a critical inquiry: How is it possible to reconcile a standard of “professional ethic” with the demands of a workaday journalism concerned with the marketplace bottom‐line?
Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity as risk factors for suicide proneness among college students.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use, depression, and suicide are significant public health problems, particularly among college students. Impulsivity is associated with all of these factors. Additionally, impulsivity increases the effects of negative mood and alcohol use on maladaptive behavior. METHODS: The current cross-sectional study examined the association between the four-factor model of impulsivity (urgency, (lack of) perseverance, (lack of) premeditation, and sensation seeking), depressive symptoms, and alcohol use as predictors of suicide proneness among college students. Participants (n=1100) completed online assessments of demographics, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and suicide proneness. RESULTS: All predictors were positively related to suicide proneness. The relation between depressive symptoms and suicide proneness was moderated by (lack of) perseverance, alcohol use, and joint interactions of urgency×alcohol use and sensation seeking× alcohol use. Despite some paradoxical findings regarding the depressive symptoms-suicide proneness relation when only one risk factor was elevated, the average level of suicide proneness increased as risk factors increased. LIMITATIONS: This cross-sectional self-report data comes from a non-clinical sample of college students from a homogeneous background, limiting generalizability and causal predictions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings indicate that the association between depressive symptoms and suicide proneness varies considerably by different facets of impulsivity and alcohol use. The results suggest that clinical risk-assessments should weigh two forms of impulsivity (urgency and sensation seeking) as particularly vital in the presence of heavy alcohol use. These findings highlight the importance of considering and exploring moderators of the mood-suicide relationship. Language: en
Physicochemical limnology of the Tongue River Reservoir, Montana

A one year physicochemical survey was conducted on the Tongue River Reservoir, a run of the river impoundment in southeastern Montana. The Tongue River was the only significant inflow and supplied 93, 96 and 97% of the nutrient, major ion and water inputs to the impoundment. Heat advected from inflowing water accounted for 17% of the energy gained during the summer heating cycle. The annual nutrient load to the reservoir from the river was 20.2 g m−2 total nitrogen (TN) and 3.8 g m−2 total phosphorus (TP). Due to the absence of reducing conditions at depth and the complex seasonal pattern of water movement through the reservoir, 99% of the TN load was discharged but 49% of the TP load was retained in the reservoir.
Factors affecting the magnetic susceptibility of a loess-soil sequence, Barton County, Kansas, USA

Abstract To interpret climatic signatures from magnetic susceptibility (MS) in the Barton County loess-soil sequence, central Kansas, we tested the influence of particle size and carbonate concentration on magnetic susceptibility. First, sand, silt and clay were separated and MS was then measured on each of the three size fractions. To assess the influence of chemical treatments and carbonate on MS signals, the chemical agents used to remove carbonate, organic matter and free iron oxides were applied to another set of samples and MS was measured before and after each of the treatments. The results show that the bulk MS differentiates among stratigraphic units, but the environmental interpretation is far from straightforward. Soils have stronger MS signals than the loess units in the upper portion, while the carbonate-rich soils have weaker MS signals in the lower portion due to the MS dilution effect of carbonate. Sand MS peaks in Bignell Loess, Peoria loess and LL1 may suggest that in loess units fewer sand-sized magnetic minerals were changed by weathering processes into clay-sized magnetic minerals than in soils. A low bulk MS at the bottom of the reddish pedocomplex to the bottom of LS 1 is attributable to a combination of a high sand content and a high carbonate concentration. The silt MS peak in the Barton sand might have been derived from the parent materials. Comparing with mineralogic and chemical indices, clay MS might be closer to being a proxy of weathering intensity. Although clay MS dominates the bulk MS signals, silt MS and sand MS affect the bulk MS signals in two ways: (1) changes in the percentages of silt and sand, and (2) mineralogical variations in silt MS and sand MS from one stratigraphic unit to another. This study demonstrates that 40% of the variation in the bulk MS is accounted for by the clay MS and 56% of the variation by the silt MS and clay MS together. After adding the sand MS, 66% of the variation is accounted for. If diamagnetic carbonate is taken into consideration, 76% of the variation in bulk MS is accounted for by the MS of the three size fractions and the MS dilute effect of carbonate.
Learning through Osmosis: A collaborative platform for medical education

Formative assessment has been shown to improve medical student performance and retention, but many learners lack access to formative assessments because faculty members have limited time to create such resources, and acquiring existing commercial review banks is expensive. In response, we developed a collaborative learning platform for medical student self-assessment called Osmosis ( http://osmosis.org/ ). Osmosis is a web- and mobile-learning platform that provides free access to thousands of crowd-sourced, high-yield practice questions and explanations. The quality of these questions and resources is enhanced through a unique social rating and commenting feature. During the first year Osmosis was launched at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in January 2012, approximately 250 students in the first and second year classes spent over 2,400 hours answering more than 5,000 questions close to half-a-million times (~2,000 questions answered/student). In addition, over 1,000 Creative Commons-licensed images and YouTube videos have been shared. Usage data and reception by students indicate that the platform fits well into busy schedules and that participants value its role in promoting collaboration and self-assessing knowledge gaps. We are currently developing additional features for the Osmosis platform related to knowledge retention and curricular design. Since the vast majority of questions and resources on Osmosis are shared under non-restrictive licenses, such as Creative Commons, we are making Osmosis available to peer institutions. It is our hope that more students and faculty members will benefit from, and contribute to, the Osmosis library.
Pre-School Prediction of Academic Achievement

To determine the efficacy of assessment and selection procedures used by a private, eight-grade, elementary school in suburban New York, the records of the 43 SS, 22 boys and 21 girls, who remained in the school until graduation were studied. Clarification of some basic questions was sought: Is it feasible to identify scholastic aptitude before first grade entrance? How stable and consistent is the pattern of achievement? Which factors, intellective, familial, and noncognitive, are associated with academic achievement? The selection and classification prediction composite was based on: the Stanford-Binet; a five-point personality assessment, derived from a clinical impression of such achievementrelated features as drive, social maturity, independence, stability, and adjustment; and educational level of the home. The criterion variable was the Stanford Achievement Test, which was administered to each student in May of each year. Third and Sixth grade group Otis IQ scores were also available for correlation with both the Binet and achievement scores. The following are some of the principal findings; supporting tables have been filed with the American Society for Information Sciences.' First, all three mean IQ scores were at least 17 points above the assumed mean IQ of 100, indicating that the school is atypical. Second, 23 of the 24 correlations between IQ and reading achievement were significant ( p = .01) as were 19 of the 24 correlations between IQ and arithmetic achievement. Third, educational level of the home was significantly correlated with reading achievement ( p = .01) for Grades 1 and 2 and with arithmetic achievement for Grades 2 and 4. Fourth, no single correlation between the personality predictor and reading achievement reached the .O1 level, but the rs between personality and arithmetic achievement were significant ( p = .01) for Grades 1 and 2. Fifth, the correlations among the three IQ tesa were consistently high. Sixth, achievement performance was consistent through the grades. Thus, it does seem feasible to identify scholastic productivity before entrance to first grade. A pattern of achievement is set before formal schooling begins and remains fairly consistent through the eighth grade. This pattern is related to the educational level of the home, suggesting that cultural factors and education-mindedness may be the determining features of academic achievement.
Oculomotor nerve schwannoma associated with ophthalmoplegic migraine.

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe a patient with an oculomotor nerve schwannoma who had symptoms of ophthalmoplegic migraine. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 23-year-old woman had a history of recurrent headache accompanied by transient right oculomotor palsy since age 7 years. Ophthalmoplegic migraine was diagnosed. She was subsequently found to have a structural lesion of her right oculomotor nerve on magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance image characteristics were consistent with schwannoma originating from the oculomotor nerve. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that an intrinsic lesion of the oculomotor nerve (schwannoma) may be associated with a painful relapsing-remitting oculomotor palsy mimicking the clinical syndrome of ophthalmoplegic migraine.
Evidence from α Decay That Z = 82 Is Not Magic for Light Pb Isotopes

To resolve the reported anomalous behavior of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay rates of $^{186,188,190,192}\mathrm{Pb}$ we determined more accurate $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay branches for these isotopes. Our data result in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay reduced widths whose dependence on $N$ is similar to that observed for other elements. However, contrary to the expectation of a shell effect at $Z=82$, this new information indicates lead nuclei to be less hindered toward $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decay than mercury isotopes. It appears that midway between $N=82$ and $N=126$ the proton number of 82 is not magic.
The TASEP: A Statistical Mechanics Tool to Study the Performance of Wireless Line Networks

We consider a multihop wireless line network with a single unidirectional data flow and show that by limiting the buffer sizes at the relay nodes to unity, the flow of traffic in the system can be efficiently regulated in a completely distributed fashion. Upon exerting this simple transmission policy, we find that the transport of packets in the wireless network is analogous to the flow of particles in the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). Using existing results from statistical mechanics, we characterize the end-to-end delay and throughput performance of multihop wireless line networks for two different channel access schemes. Additionally, we apply our findings towards the design of long networks. This paper also aims at promoting the TASEP as a powerful tool for analyzing the performance of ad hoc networks.
Order-αs corrections to heavy-meson semi-leptonic decay form factors

Abstract We calculate the velocity-dependent two-loop anomalous dimension of weak currents and the first-order coefficient function in an effective field theory with two heavy quarks. Using these, we find the complete order- α s corrections to the semi-leptonic decay form factors of heavy mesons. The result is presented with the example of B→Dl ν l decay.
Open Admission and the Imposition of Tuition at the City University of New York, 1969–1976: A Political Economic Case Study for Understanding the Current Crisis in Higher Education

Between 1969 and 1976 the City University of New York (CUNY) experienced two monumental policy transformations. These transformations were a result of changes in the political economy of New York City and State leading class struggles to erupt between and among groups. This article highlights two of these struggles: first, what came to be known as the “open admissions” policy, one of five demands made by students and their supporters in 1969–1970 at City College, and second, the imposition of tuition for undergraduate students in 1975–1976, a neoliberal condition set by business and political elites designed to privatize and commodify CUNY. In contrast to existing policy studies and sociology of education approaches to the study of CUNY, which are approaches limited by their ideologically liberal focus on outcomes that lead to “racial disparity” and inequality of individual achievement, an alternative class analysis is proposed that entails the concrete historical, political, economic, and ideological con...
Ovarian masses in children: A review of 91 cases of malignant and benign masses

Ovarian masses in children are uncommon. We reviewed all cases of ovarian masses presenting to this hospital from 1979 to 1990. Ninety-one patients fulfilled the criteria and had medical records available. All patients were less than 18 years old. Four were diagnosed antenatally. Thirty-four tumors presented prior to 8 years of age and 1 (2.9%) was malignant. Fifty-eight tumors presented after 8 years of age and 18 (33%) were malignant. Seventy-two patients had benign disease and 19 had malignant tumors. Of those with benign disease 22 had simple or epithelial cysts, 25 had teratomas, 13 had torsion with cyst formation, 3 had granulosa cell tumors, and 9 had other less common lesions. Analysis of symptoms could not distinguish between benign and malignant lesions; however, age was less (P < .03) and tumor size smaller (P < .001) in patients with benign lesions. Benign lesions presented at a mean age of 8.8 years. Fifty-four patients had an ultrasound, all were diagnostic: simple mass (14), complex mass (8), or cyst (32). Mean size of the masses was 9.5 x 7.7 cm. Fourteen patients had a contralateral ovarian cyst. The malignant lesions included 14 germ cell tumors (4 endodermal sinus, 4 teratoma, 2 choriocarcinoma, 2 dysgerminoma, 1 embryonal, and 1 mixed), 4 epithelial tumors (1 mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, papillary cystadenocarcinoma, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma), and one patient with leukemic infiltration (ALL). Germ cell tumors presented at a mean age of 11.8 years. Eight of these patients had an ultrasound and all showed a mass (7) or cyst (1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Appreciative evaluation within a conflicted educational context

The case in this chapter illustrates how using the language of strengths, values, and ideals can help participants take stock of their program in order to move forward what they most value in the process of curricular reform and collaborative working relations.
Saturable and nonsaturable process of sugar uptake: effect of oncogenic transformation in transport and uptake of nutrients.

Uptake of sugars into cells by a saturable process increased enormously during and after transformation, and uptake by a nonsaturable process increased significantly but less remarkably compared to controls. The drastic change of uptake rates, observed at around 5 × 10−3 M sugar during and after transformation, emphasizes the significant observation that transition of the sugar uptake system from a saturable to a nonsaturable process occurs near the physiological concentration of D-glucose normally seen in animal blood. At concentrations higher than 5 × 10−3 M, where a saturable process is barely involved, nonsaturable uptakes of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose proceed tens to hundreds fold faster than the rate of simple diffusion of L-glucose. These findings suggest that nonsaturable uptake of the sugars known to be substrates for the saturable transport carrier system may not be a physical process or simple diffusion, as observed for L-glucose uptake. Rather, the nonsaturable uptake might be part of the total physiological process which, along with the saturable process, is controlled by a membrane-coordination mechanism. A plausible mechanism is discussed in which negative cooperativity of nutrient uptake, such as that found in bacteria, is involved.
A spider's vibration receptor: its anatomy and physiology.

The common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum , has a sensitive vibration receptor on each of its eight legs. This receptor is the tarso-metatarsal lyriform organ, and while it may not be the only vibration receptor the spider has, it appears to be the most sensitive. The 10 receptor units of which the sense organ is composed are all sharply tuned to specific frequencies between 60 and 1400 cps, but the sensitivity of each receptor unit depends upon the tension of the slits of the lyriform organ. Physiological experiments have shown that the tuning of the receptors occurs only in response to air-borne sound; no discrimination is made of frequencies of web-borne vibration. One can speculate that the high sensitivity to air-borne sound is a consequence of the relatively poor transmission of vibration through Achaearanea's web.
Vitamin K antagonists and time in the therapeutic range: implications, challenges, and strategies for improvement

Oral vitamin K antagonists are highly efficacious in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Optimal use of these agents in clinical practice is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. The proportion of time spent in the International Normalized Ratio (INR) range of 2.0–3.0 [time in the therapeutic range (TTR)] has been closely associated with adverse outcomes, i.e., stroke, hemorrhage, mortality. Although TTR is a validated marker, it has several limitations. TTR does not capture short-term risks associated with highly variable periods or periods characterized by extreme deviations in INR. Because TTR measurement is limited to consecutive periods of warfarin exposure, it does not inform the risks associated with gap periods of 56 days or greater as these time intervals are excluded from end-point rate calculations. Because individuals with gaps in monitoring represent a different patient population than those without gaps, e.g., less adherent, more acutely ill, more frequent transitions in health status, TTR analyses are likely most valid and informative for individuals with uninterrupted monitoring of the INR. Duration of warfarin therapy and patient-specific factors have also been shown to influence TTR. Younger age, female sex, lower income, black race, frequent hospitalizations, polypharmacy, active cancer, decompensated heart failure, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, dementia, and chronic liver disease have all been associated with lower TTR. Targeted strategies to improve TTR are urgently needed.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SERUM MURAMIDASE DETERMINATION IN DIAGNOSING AND FOLLOW UP IN LANGERHANS CELL HYSTIOCYTOSIS 93

THE IMPORTANCE OF SERUM MURAMIDASE DETERMINATION IN DIAGNOSING AND FOLLOW UP IN LANGERHANS CELL HYSTIOCYTOSIS 93
Maternal and neonatal outcome following prolonged labor induction

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of labor induction length on maternal and neonatal outcome. Methods: Inductions of labor were reviewed retrospectively, comparing 27 patients with infectious complications to 313 with no infections. Univariate analysis, t-test, χ2, and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Forward stepping logistic regression was used in a multivariate model to identify odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: There was a statistically significant increased risk of maternal infection with increasing induction time. In univariate analysis, cesarean delivery, duration of induction, duration of oxytocin administration, nulliparity, use of internal monitors, increased maternal weight gain, and low cervical dilatation at start of induction were all associated with increased maternal infection risk. Multivariate analysis showed duration of induction for each additional 2 hours (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01, 1.18) and nonwhite ethnicity (OR 5.95; 95% CI 1.72, 20.49) to be associated significantly with maternal infection. Maternal infection was associated with lower Apgar scores and increased neonatal intensive care unit admissions. In patients who delivered vaginally, a logistic regression model estimated infectious morbidity at 40 hours to be 10%. The cesarean rate was not increased with prolonged induction. Conclusion: Prolonged induction is associated with a small increased risk of infectious morbidity, with an estimated 10% incidence noted after 40 hours of induction in women who deliver vaginally.
Assay of gentamicin in serum by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

A procedure is described that uses high-pressure liquid chromatography for assay of gentamicin in serum. The technique involves extraction of gentamicin from serum by using a CM-Sephadex column and analysis by reverse-phase, ion-pair chromatography. Continuous-flow, post-column derivatization with o -phthaladehyde is used to form fluorescent products for detection. The possible scope of this method for analysis of other aminoglycoside antibiotics is illustrated by application to sisomicin and netilmicin.
Pilot study evaluating ureteric physiological changes with a novel 'ribbon stent' design using electromyographic and giant magnetoresistive sensors.

OBJECTIVE To test a novel ‘ribbon stent’ (RS) design using an extraluminal bipolar electromyographic (EMG) and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor system to characterize ureteric responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 11 female domestic pigs were divided into three groups to evaluate ureteric physiology: group 1 (two pigs) with an unstented ureter, group 2 (three) with a standard 6 F ureteric stent, and group 3 (six) with the RS. For all groups EMG/GMR evaluation was performed at baseline, immediately after stenting, and at 3 and 7 days after stenting. All pigs underwent standardized retrograde ureteropyelogram evaluation at these time points, and after the final evaluation the pigs were killed and the urinary tract was harvested for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS One stent in group 3 could not be deployed due to a problem with ureteric access. For groups 1, 2 and 3 the ureteric peristaltic activity was 109, 63, 72 events/h at baseline (P = 0.49); 61, 70, and 66 events/h immediately after stenting (P = 0.97); 66, 0, 8 events/h at 3 days after stenting (P = 0.002); and 61, 12, 0 events/h at 7 days after stenting, respectively (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION The RS was deployed easily and safely in the porcine model using a standard technique. As with a standard stent, there was significant ureteric dilation and decrease in peristalsis with the RS.
DNA Plasticity Is a Key Determinant of the Energetics of Binding of Jun-Fos Heterodimeric Transcription Factor to Genetic Variants of TGACGTCA Motif

The Jun-Fos heterodimeric transcription factor is a target of a diverse array of signaling cascades that initiate at the cell surface and converge in the nucleus and ultimately result in the expression of genes involved in a multitude of cellular processes central to health and disease. Here, using isothermal titration calorimetry in conjunction with circular dichroism, we report the effect of introducing single nucleotide variations within the TGACGTCA canonical motif on the binding of bZIP domains of Jun-Fos heterodimer to DNA. Our data reveal that the Jun-Fos heterodimer exhibits differential energetics in binding to such genetic variants in the physiologically relevant micromolar to submicromolar range with the TGACGTCA canonical motif affording the highest affinity. Although binding energetics are largely favored by enthalpic forces and accompanied by entropic penalty, neither the favorable enthalpy nor the unfavorable entropy correlates with the overall free energy of binding in agreement with the e...
The Kobayashi and Carathe´odory pseudodistances for complex analytic manifolds

Pseudodistances defined on analytic Banach manifolds permit one to obtain a number of results on that space by purely topological methods. In addition, they enable one to give geometric insight into function theoretic results. In this paper, we extend the notion of a complex analytic manifold to a complex analytic Banach manifold over a complex Banach space. Then we show that if M is a complex analytic Banach manifold, then the Kobayashi pseudodistance is the largest for which every holomorphic mapping from the unit disk of the complex plane into a complex analytic Banach manifold is distance decreasing, whereas the Caratheodory pseudodistance is the smallest pseudodistance from which every holomorphic mapping from the complex analytic manifold to the unit disk of the complex plane is distance decreasing.
An Integrated Framework for Improved Computer Science Education: Strategies, Implementations, and Results

This paper describes the Reinventing Computer Science Curriculum Project at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Motivated by rapid and significant changes in the information technology and computing areas, high diversity in student aptitudes, and high dropout rates, the project designed and implemented an integrated instructional/research framework. The framework is based around 10 general design strategies that incorporated administrative, instructional, and research principles. The framework consists of a placement examination, three suites of structured laboratory assignments, multimedia learning objects, and educational evaluation and research designs. The results of implementing the framework in our introductory courses are encouraging and insightful. While validating some of our designs, our research also identified areas for further development and research.
Rarefaction of liquids in a spherical shell due to local radial loads with application to brain damage

Abstract An experimental study is conducted to investigate the rarefaction of untreated liquids in a spherical glass container due to a local, radial ultrasonic disturbance of sinusoidal, square pulse, or impulsive nature. Water and dilute polymer solution are used. The effects of the loading pattern and liquid properties on the location and magnitude of the maximum negative pressure in the fluid are examined. The possible locations of brain damage are indicated on the basis of the experimental results. No evidence which produces a so-called contrecoup lesion is found, however.
Improved Hamiltonian for general relativity

Abstract A Hamiltonian formalism for asymptotically flat spaces in general relativity which is manifestly covariant under Poincare transformations at infinity is proposed and some of its implications are briefly discussed.
Cellular Architecture of Treponema pallidum: Novel Flagellum, Periplasmic Cone, and Cell Envelope as Revealed by Cryo Electron Tomography

High-resolution cryo electron tomography (cryo-ET) was utilized to visualize Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, at the molecular level. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from 304 infectious organisms revealed unprecedented cellular structures of this unusual member of the spirochetal family. High-resolution cryo-ET reconstructions provided detailed structures of the cell envelope, which is significantly different from that of Gram-negative bacteria. The 4-nm lipid bilayer of both outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane resolved in 3D reconstructions, providing an important marker for interpreting membrane-associated structures. Abundant lipoproteins cover the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane, in contrast to the rare outer membrane proteins visible by scanning probe microscopy. High-resolution cryo-ET images also provided the first observation of T. pallidum chemoreceptor arrays, as well as structural details of the periplasmically located cone-shaped structure at both ends of the bacterium. Furthermore, 3D subvolume averages of periplasmic flagellar motors and flagellar filaments from living organisms revealed the novel flagellar architectures that may facilitate their rotation within the confining periplasmic space. Our findings provide the most detailed structural understanding of periplasmic flagella and the surrounding cell envelope, which enable this enigmatic bacterium to efficiently penetrate tissue and to escape host immune responses.
Formal catalytic specificity as a possible criterion for recognizing protobiological systems

Abstract Differences in formal kinetic behavior between simple thiol catalysts and an enzyme catalyzing the same sulfur transfer reaction suggest a basis for examining suspected primitive biological catalysts. The simpler catalysts, while inferior in both the positive and negative aspects of catalysis, display greater versatility than the enzyme in employing different catalytic modes with different substrates. The far greater catalytic power of the enzyme for some substrates is accompanied by added constraints on both the array of acceptable substrates and the modes of catalysis available. These differences give rise to more complex kinetic behavior in systems involving the simpler catalysts. The use of formal kinetic analysis in examining catalysts from systems in late chemical or early biological evolution is suggested.
Global organizational learning capacity in purchasing: Construct and measurement

Abstract This study develops and tests a measure of organizational learning capacity (OLC) using the purchasing process of a Fortune 500 multinational corporation. The focus is on the activities and relationships between the strategic business units (SBUs) and the buying center of the organization. Based on a domestic sample of 179 SBUs used for the initial item and purification analysis and an international sample of 167 SBUs used for the reliability and validity analysis, the results indicate that the covariation among the proposed 17 items of the OLC scale can be explained by a correlated four-factor measurement model including team, systems, learning, and memory orientations.
Temperature, strain rate, stress state and the failure of HY-100 steel

Abstract The influence of temperature and strain rate on the deformation and failure behavior of HY-100 steel has been examined as a function of stress state using notched and un-notched axisymmetric tensile specimens. Behavior over the range of temperatures/strain rates from −85°C and 1 s −1 to 27°C and 10 −3 s −1 shows an equivalence of decreasing test temperature or increasing strain rate on deformation behavior in a manner that can be predicted by the thermally activated flow theory. Over the entire range of temperatures/strain rates, the influence of stress state on failure is such that two void coalescence mechanisms control failure; at low stress triaxialities, relatively equiaxed voids grow to impingement, while at high triaxialities, a void-sheet process intervenes linking elongated MnS-initiated voids by a shear instability. The failure strains decrease rapidly with increasing stress triaxiality ratio in a similar manner for all temperatures and strain rates except for an intermediate stress triaxiality condition where the void-sheet mode of failure extends to lower stress triaxialities under cryogenic test conditions.
Antral proliferation of G cells after truncal, parietal cell, and antral vagotomy.

Abstract Antral gastrin cell numbers and serum gastrin levels were studied in five groups of rats: (1) control, (2) truncal vagotomy, (3) truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty, (4) parietal cell vagotomy, and (5) antral vagotomy. Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 225 g were used. Eighteen days after operation radiographic study was performed to assess gastric size and emptying rate. At sacrifice serum was obtained for gastrin assay, gastric pH measured, and the antrum removed for G-cell quantitation. Gastric pH was elevated in all groups except antral vagotomy. Variable degrees of gastric distention and delayed gastric emptying were observed in the rats with truncal vagotomy alone, truncal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty, and antral vagotomy. Parietal cell vagotomy rats had no change in gastric size or emptying rate. Rats with truncal vagotomy, truncal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty, and parietal cell vagotomy had significant increases in serum gastrin levels and in G-cell density. Antral vagotomy resulted in no significant differences from controls. A gastrin inhibitory mechanism residing in the corpus may become inoperative after vagal denervation. Alternatively, proliferation of G cells and increased serum gastrin levels may be a consequence of decreased luminal acid after vagotomy. Vagal innervation of the corpus is a critical variable in control of the antral G-cell mass, but antral innervation is not. Distention by itself does not seem to produce G-cell hyperplasia.