cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulatory role of cAMP on expression of Cdk4 and p27(Kip1) by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in corneal endothelial cells.

Purpose Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 is a potent mitogen of corneal endothelial cells (CECs). Results in an earlier study showed that FGF-2 activates phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase to stimulate the cell cycle machinery. The current study was designed to determine whether adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) antagonizes FGF-2 by inhibiting PI 3-kinase/Akt pathways, thus leading to regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and p27(Kip1) (p27) expression. Methods Cell proliferation was assayed by counting cells. Subcellular localization of proteins was determined by immunofluorescent staining and expression of Cdk4, p27, PI 3-kinase, Akt, and beta-actin was analyzed by immunoblot analysis. PI 3-kinase activity was determined by measuring production of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate. Results 8-Bromoadenosine cAMP (8-Br-cAMP), a diffusible cAMP analogue, inhibited the PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways. The 8-Br-cAMP and PI 3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002) produced equivalent stimulation and inhibition, respectively, of p27 and Cdk4 protein levels. They also equally inhibited cell proliferation, nuclear translocation of Cdk4, and phosphorylation of p27. Negative regulation of PI 3-kinase by 8-Br-cAMP was mediated by a direct inhibition of PI 3-kinase activity, which subsequently blocked phosphorylation of Akt at both the Ser473 and Thr308 sites. In addition, 8-Br-cAMP promoted a rapid turnover of Akt protein, and 8-Br-cAMP markedly reduced the half-life of Cdk4 protein. This inhibitory activity of cAMP was not mediated by PKA, but 8-Br-cAMP inhibited membrane localization of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase. Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that cAMP inhibits the proliferation of CECs, preventing them from entering the S phase by negatively regulating PI 3-kinase.
Friends with Benefits: The Evolved Psychology of Same- and Opposite-Sex Friendship

During human evolution, men and women faced distinct adaptive problems, including pregnancy, hunting, childcare, and warfare. Due to these sex-linked adaptive problems, natural selection would have favored psychological mechanisms that oriented men and women toward forming friendships with individuals possessing characteristics valuable for solving these problems. The current study explored sex-differentiated friend preferences and the psychological design features of same- and opposite-sex friendship in two tasks. In Task 1, participants (N = 121) categorized their same-sex friends (SSFs) and opposite-sex friends (OSFs) according to the functions these friends serve in their lives. In Task 2, participants designed their ideal SSFs and OSFs using limited budgets that forced them to make trade-offs between the characteristics they desire in their friends. In Task 1, men, more than women, reported maintaining SSFs for functions related to athleticism and status enhancement and OSFs for mating opportunities. In Task 2, both sexes prioritized agreeableness and dependability in their ideal SSFs, but men prioritized physical attractiveness in their OSFs, whereas women prioritized economic resources and physical prowess. These findings suggest that friend preferences may have evolved to solve ancestrally sex-linked adaptive problems, and that opposite-sex friendship may directly or indirectly serve mating functions.
Cross-Continental Divides Regarding Survival, Play, and Enactment: Reply to Commentaries by Keene, Ilahi, and Coen

The author distinguishes between the ways that the Independent Group and Relational Theorists conceptualize object survival, play, enactment, and mutuality. American relational theory is simultaneously focused on both the patient's and analyst's experience and the patient's inner representational world. Interaction is informed by and informs our understanding of the patient's conflicts including forms of enactment. In contrast, analysts from the Independent Group tend to view the American interest in interpersonal phenomena and perceptual dimensions of the patient's experience as a distraction from unconscious representations. For relational analysts in the United States, maternal functions of reverie emphasized by the Independent Group are seen as one dimension of the analyst's complex subjectivity, which may be used in containment and interpretation. For relationally oriented analysts containment itself is postulated as to some degree porous unlike the notion of analytic functions of reverie emphasized ...
What Makes an Agency Independent

The responsiveness of government agencies to elected officials is a central question in democratic governance. A key source of variation in responsiveness is agency structure. Yet scholars often view agencies as falling into broad structural categories (e.g., cabinet departments or independent commissions) or fixate on some features of design (e.g., “for cause” protections). I develop new estimates of structural independence based on new data on 50 different structural features of 321 federal agencies in the federal executive establishment. Using a Bayesian latent variable model, I estimate independence on two dimensions: limits on the appointment of key agency decision makers and limits on political review of agency policy. I illustrate the value of this new measure by using it to examine how structure affects political influence and how agency independence can vary over time
Progressivism and the American Mission

The American acquisition of the Philippine Islands in 1900 has often served as a touchpoint for those engaged in explaining, defending, or criticizing the meaning of American exceptionalism. My thesis is that we find not one, but several, American exceptionalisms and those who considered themselves “progressive” moved among them. Older traditionalists to an image of the United States as exceptional in its service to the world as a “model republic.” Younger figures, yearning for national greatness and spurred on by the era’s new concerns, embraced an exceptionalism of “trustee of civilization” that welcomed the responsibility to act to oppose barbarism beyond the nation’s borders. The profound re-shaping of the international order that Woodrow Wilson envisioned was rooted in a third conception of American exceptionalism, one that looked to the United States for world leadership based on its unique character as the world’s “universal nation.” While “trustee of civilization” exceptionalism presents certain advantages over the others, it remains doubtful that it can supplant the Wilsonian version.
From pathogens to microbiota: How Drosophila intestinal stem cells react to gut microbes

The intestine acts as one of the interfaces between an organism and its external environment. As the primary digestive organ, it is constantly exposed to a multitude of stresses as it processes and absorbs nutrients. Among these is the recurring damage induced by ingested pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. Both the bacterial activity and immune response itself can result in the loss of epithelial cells, which subsequently requires replacement. In the Drosophila midgut, this regenerative role is fulfilled by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Microbes not only trigger cell loss and replacement, but also modify intestinal and whole organism physiology, thus modulating ISC activity. Regulation of ISCs is integrated through a complex network of signaling pathways initiated by other gut cell populations, including enterocytes, enteroblasts, enteroendocrine and visceral muscles cells. The gut also receives signals from circulating immune cells, the hemocytes, to properly respond against infection. This review summarizes the types of gut microbes found in Drosophila, mechanisms for their elimination, and provides an integrated view of the signaling pathways that regulate tissue renewal in the midgut.
On connections between growth and distribution of zeros of integral functions

The following theorem was proved by Paley and Wiener (4, p. 70; 1, p. 136). Theorem 1. If f(z) is a canonical product of order 1 with real zeros, and f(0) = 1, the conditions and are equivalent. n(r) denotes the number of zeros of absolute value not exceeding r. Instead of assuming the zeros to be all real Pfluger assumed that the zeros are close to the real axis and proved the following theorem (5 or 1, p. 143).
New Three-Dimensional k-->.p--> Model for the Electronic Structure of A-15 Compounds

We introduce a three-dimensional $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}}$ model for the electronic structure of $A\ensuremath{-}15$ compounds based upon a six-dimensional irreducible representation $R(4)$ of the space group ${{O}_{h}}^{3}\ensuremath{-}Pn3m$. By locating the Fermi level near the maximum in the density of states, the temperature-dependent free energy accounts quantitatively for anomalous normal-state physical properties of ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$Sn and other $A\ensuremath{-}15$ compounds. No use is made of tight-binding approximations nor assumptions of one dimensionality or quasi one dimensionality.
The Realist Paradigm and Degenerative versus Progressive Research Programs: An Appraisal of Neotraditional Research on Waltz's Balancing Proposition

Several analysts argue that, despite anomalies, the realist paradigm is dominant because it is more fertile than its rivals. While the ability of the realist paradigm to reformulate its theories in light of criticism accounts for its persistence, it is argued that the proliferation of emendations exposes a degenerating tendency in the paradigm's research program. This article applies Lakatos's criterion that a series of related theories must produce problemshifts that are progressive rather than degenerating to appraise the adequacy of realist-based theories on the balancing of power advanced by neotraditionalists. This research program is seen as degenerating because of (1) the protean character of its theoretical development, (2) an unwillingness to specify what constitutes the true theory, which if falsified would lead to a rejection of the paradigm, (3) a continual adoption of auxiliary propositions to explain away flaws, and (4) a dearth of strong research findings.
Light Emitting Diodes from Transition Metal Complexes

Transition metal complexes have emerged as promising candidates for applications in solid state electroluminescent devices. These materials serve as multifunctional chromophores, into which electrons and holes can be injected, migrate and recombine to produce light emission. Their device characteristics are dominated by the presence of mobile ions that redistribute under an applied field and assist charge injection. An efficiency of 10 lm/W – among the highest efficiencies reported in single layer electroluminescent devices– was recently demonstrated in an iridium complex. We present recent experimental results and discuss the issues that need to be addressed for these materials to succeed in display and lighting applications.
Spectro-Temporal Directional Derivative Features for Automatic Speech Recognition

We introduce a novel spectro-temporal representation of speech by applying directional derivative filters to the Melspectrogram, with the aim of improving the robustness of automatic speech recognition. Previous studies have shown that two-dimensional wavelet functions, when tuned to appropriate spectral scales and temporal rates, are able to accurately capture the acoustic modulations of speech, even in high noise conditions. Therefore, spectro-temporal features extracted from the wavelet transformation of the spectrogram, offer additional noise robustness to important signal processing tasks, such as voice activity detection and speech recognition. In this paper, we explore the use of the steerable pyramid, a directional wavelet transform that is common in image processing, to derive a spectro-temporal feature representation of speech that can serve as an alternative to cepstral derivatives and Gabor filterbank features. We discuss their application for the task of robust automatic speech recognition. Experiments conducted on the Aurora-2 database demonstrate their competitive robustness to other state-of-the-art speech features, especially in low signalto-noise ratio conditions. Index Terms: spectro-temporal features, automatic speech recognition, directional wavelet transforms
Public health and the state: the United States.

L'A. decrit l'histoire et le developpement de la sante publique aux Etats-Unis, depuis l'histoire des colonies jusqu'au XX e siecle, et demontre que de nos jours, la politique de la sante publique est variable d'un etat a l'autre
Human erythroid burst-promoting activity produced by phytohemagglutinin- stimulated, radioresistant peripheral blood mononuclear cells

The regulation of erythroid burst-colony formation was studied in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Numbers of erythropoietin-stimulated colonies obtainable from the cells in response to various treatments were compared. One-day preincubation of the cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) doubled the yield of colonies. Irradiation of the cells with 3000 rad eliminated their ability to form erythroid bursts, but did not impair the ability of PHA-treated cells to enhance burst formation when added to a fresh batch of cells. This was due to a humoral factor, since media conditioned by PHA-treated washed cells were as effective as the cells themselves. When cells were separated into subpopulations by an adherence procedure and according to their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells, it was found that the PHA-dependent burst-promoting activity released into the medium originated in a nonadherent, nonrosetting (T-cell depleted) cell population.
Danielle Her Many Horses

Danielle Her Many Horses is deputy executive director at the National Indian Gaming Association (NIGA), where she has worked since 2005, beginning as legislative director before being promoted in 2012. The NIGA is a trade association that represents Native American tribes that have casinos or other organized gambling on their lands. In 2011, it reported spending $465,000 on lobbying.
Growth of Aerobic Psychrotrophs and Color Changes of Precooked Beef Slices as Affected by Packaging Procedure 1.

Precooked beef slices from top round roasts were used in replicate trials to determine the effects of packaging treatment upon shelf-life characteristics (microbial growth and color attributes) during retail storage. Roasts were dry-roasted to an internal temperature of 60°C, cooled for 1 h, then sliced (3-4 mm). Slices were packaged in: (a) vacuum; (b) 15% CO2, 40% O2, 45% N2; (c) 15% CO2, 20% O2, 65% N2; or (d) 15% CO2, 10% O2, 75% N2 and held at 4°C for up to 18 d. Enumeration of microorganisms and determination of color attributes were done at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 d of storage. Psychrotrophic counts were higher (P<.05) on slices stored 9-18 d in atmospheres containing ambient (20%) oxygen level as compared to the other packaging treatments. Vacuum packaging exhibited a greater lag phase for psychrotrophs. Vacuum packaged slices maintained a superior cooked beef color for 18 d and had greater (P<.05) chroma readings, indicating a greater color intensity.
Environment 1.0: Infoterra and the making of environmental information:

This article traces international conflicts over the making and operation of the first global environmental information system, Infoterra (1972–2003). By studying the negotiations among internation...
Social Media in Industrial China

This is a wonderful book that opens a window on the life world of millions of migrant workers in China. It addresses one of the most important topics in contemporary communication and media studies...
Vulnerability of Older Adults in Disasters: Emergency Department Utilization by Geriatric Patients After Hurricane Sandy.

Objective Older adults are a potentially medically vulnerable population with increased mortality rates during and after disasters. To evaluate the impact of a natural disaster on this population, we performed a temporal and geospatial analysis of emergency department (ED) use by adults aged 65 years and older in New York City (NYC) following Hurricane Sandy's landfall. Methods We used an all-payer claims database to analyze demographics, insurance status, geographic distribution, and health conditions for post-disaster ED visits among older adults. We compared ED patterns of use in the weeks before and after Hurricane Sandy throughout NYC and the most afflicted evacuation zones. Results We found significant increases in ED utilization by older adults (and disproportionately higher in those aged ≥85 years) in the 3 weeks after Hurricane Sandy, especially in NYC evacuation zone one. Primary diagnoses with notable increases included dialysis, electrolyte disorders, and prescription refills. Secondary diagnoses highlighted homelessness and care access issues. Conclusions Older adults display heightened risk for worse health outcomes with increased ED visits after a disaster. Our findings suggest the need for dedicated resources and planning for older adults following a natural disaster by ensuring access to medical facilities, prescriptions, dialysis, and safe housing and by optimizing health care delivery needs to reduce the burden of chronic disease. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:184-193).
Person-Centered Messages, Attributions of Responsibility, and the Willingness to Forgive Parental Infidelity

This study tested the degree to which person-centered disclosures about parental infidelity are associated with adult children’s attributions of responsibility for infidelity and willingness to forgive the offending parent. Participants included 299 adult children (aged 18–30) who were randomly assigned to hypothetical scenarios manipulating the person-centeredness of the offended parent’s disclosure and the biological sex of the offending parent. Although person-centered disclosures did not predict willingness to forgive, children’s attributions of responsibility for the offense did inversely predict their willingness to forgive. Meaningful differences in attributions of responsibility and willingness to forgive emerged on the basis of the sex of the offending parent. The results support attribution theory by showing that part of understanding third-party relational transgressions involves assessments of responsibility.
The History and Development of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

The standard treatment for patients with renal calculi prior to the mid 1950s was open stone surgery. The existence of a relatively avascular plane 5 mm posterior to the midline of the kidney was establish through the work of Joseph Hyrtl in 1882 and Max Brodel in 1902. It was not until 1941, that Rupel and Brown would perform the first nephroscopy by placing a rigid cystoscope through a nephrostomy tract so that stones could be removed during open surgery. Willard Goodwin , in 1955, is credited with performing the first nephrostomy tube placement. By 1976 Fernstrom and Johansson were the first to describe a technique for extracting renal calculi through a percutaneous nephrostomy under radiologic control. In 1978, Arthur Smith would describe the first antegrade stent placement and would coin the term “endourology” to describe closed, controlled manipulation of the genitourinary tract. His collaboratoin with Kurt Amplatz, an interventional radiologist and medical inventor, would lead to numerous innovations which would further advance percutaneous nephrolithotmy (PCNL). Advances in radiology, from improvements in fluoroscopy to the use of pre-operative computed tomography would further aid in renal access. The development of various lithotripsy devices and the introduction of the holmium laser improved the efficacy of stone fragmentation and clearance. Numerous factors contributed to development of the modern day PCNL and this technique will continue to evolve in the future.
The Anemia of Inflammation and Chronic Disease

Anemia associated with inflammation and chronic disease (AICD) is a commonly observed anemia, second only to iron deficiency anemia in its prevalence in developed countries. It is a mild, normocytic, normochromic anemia that is characterized by adequate or increased iron in macrophages and low serum iron, a blunted response of erythroid precursors to erythropoietin (Epo), and decreased erythrocyte survival. Such an anemia is associated with bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, but as antibiotics have become widely available, the incidence of long-lasting suppurative infections has decreased. AICD is classically associated with chronic disease states that generate systemic inflammatory mediators [1], including autoimmune disorders – like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [2], or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – and cancer. More recently, anemia has been recognized as a significant risk multiplier or comorbid factor in the context of severe trauma [3], heart failure (HF) [4], chronic kidney disease (CKD) [5], aging [6], and frailty [7, 8]. Finally, the anemia associated with inflammation or infection is increasingly recognized as a cause of anemia in the developing world apart from nutritional deficiencies [9]. While the incidence of anemia related to nutritional deficiencies, Epo deficiency, and blood loss overlaps with AICD in many patients, inflammation is clearly involved in the pathogenesis of anemia in these complex disease states.
Application of multiple antimicrobial interventions for microbial decontamination of commercial beef trim.

Commercially produced, irregularly sized (range, 100 to 400 cm2), uninoculated beef trim was treated by a previously optimized multihurdle antimicrobial process under spray system or hot air gun with set-up speed (1 cm/s): W (water wash at 65 psi for five passes) + HW (82°C water at 30 psi for three passes) + HA (510°C air for five passes) + L (2% [vol/vol] room temperature lactic acid wash at 30 psi for three passes). After treatment, the trim was finely ground, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C for up to 20 days. At regular intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of storage at 4°C), the ground beef was analyzed to measure mesophilic aerobic bacteria (APC), coliforms, psychrotrophic bacteria (PCT), and presumptive lactic acid bacteria (PLAB) and compared with the untreated control. The numbers of APC, coliforms, PCT, and PLAB were reduced to nearly nondetectable levels immediately after treatment, with significant differences compared with the control (P < 0.05), then started to increase after 5 to 10 days...
1.3 – Organoaluminum Reagents

Organoaluminums have been reviewed extensively. The first thorough treatise was published in 1972 by Mole,1 describing the preparation of organoaluminums and their reactions with various functional groups. Negishi2,4 and Yamamoto3 have also reviewed the general properties and reactions of organoaluminums. However, Negishi2 focused on the 1,2-nucleophilic additions of α,β-unsaturated organoaluminums, which specifically included the reactions of alkenylalanes and alkenylalanates with carbon electrophiles, whereas the Yamamoto review3 was of a more general nature. The preparation of alkenyl- and alkynyl organoaluminums has also been reviewed by Normant5 and Zweifel.6 The portion of the Normant review that focused on organoaluminum reagents described the syn specific carbometallation of alkynes by organoaluminums, which provides stereospecific access to alkenylaluminums. In contrast, Zweifel6 prepared a very detailed review dealing with the preparation and reactions of alkenyl- and alkynyl-aluminums.
Impact of an American board of pediatrics maintenance of certification (MOC) on weight-related counseling at well-child check-ups.

Abstract Objective The Healthy Weight Counseling Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program integrates pediatrician training and clinic changes to promote use of evidence-based, diet and physical activity (PA) health messages and counseling strategies. This interrupted time series study assessed the impact of this MOC program on provision of weight-related counseling. Methods We randomly selected 10–15 well-child visit charts at three time points before and three time points after 102 Georgia pediatricians began the MOC in 2012–2015. Linear binomial regression compared the frequency of behavior-change goal setting and health messaging documentation (fruit/vegetable consumption, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, out-of-home food consumption, PA, and screen time) before and after MOC participation. Results At baseline, pediatricians documented behavior-change goals with 44% of patients, with an additional 49% of patients having documented goals after their pediatrician started the MOC (99.5% confidence interval [CI]: 21–77%). Similarly, absolute increases in the proportion of patients with documentation for sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (adjusted prevalence difference [aPD]: 37%; 99.5% CI: 13–62%) and out-of-home eating were observed (aPD: 38%; 99.5% CI: 12–64%). Conclusion The Healthy Weight Counseling MOC is associated with increased and sustained use of evidence-based health messages and counseling strategies. Practice implications Continuing education and facilitation of system changes help improve physicians’ weight-related counseling.
Emotional Underarousal and Overarousal and Engagement in Relational Aggression: Interactions between Relational Victimization, Physiological Reactivity, and Emotional Sensitivity.

The present study examined if overarousal (i.e., dysregulation and high emotional sensitivity) and underarousal (i.e., fearlessness and emotional insensitivity) to peer stress, reflected in physiological reactivity and subjective emotional sensitivity, exacerbated risk for relational aggression in relationally victimized children. Participants were a community sample of 125 children (10–12 years, M = 11.34 years, SD = 0.89; 45% female). Teachers provided ratings of children’s relational victimization and relational aggression. Children’s physiological reactivity was assessed based on skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to a standardized peer rejection task. Children’s subjective emotional sensitivity was assessed using self-reported ratings of distress to hypothetical relational provocation vignettes. Results indicated that relational victimization was significantly associated with relational aggression only for children with high SCL reactivity and high emotional sensitivity (i.e., physiological and subjective overarousal) and for children with low SCL reactivity and low emotional sensitivity (i.e., physiological and subjective underarousal); relational victimization did not predict relational aggression among children with high SCL reactivity but low emotional sensitivity or among children with low SCL reactivity but high emotional sensitivity. Relational victimization was also marginally more strongly associated with relational aggression for children displaying RSA augmentation. Results suggest emotional overarousal and underarousal may both serve as vulnerabilities for relational aggression among relationally victimized youth, and underscore the importance of including physiological and subjective indices of emotional reactivity in studies of aggression. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.
Performance and Throughput Analysis of IEEE 802.11ah for Multiband Multimode Operation

Recent advancements in wireless technology has led to the development of large number of Machine-to- Machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IOT) applications, with the fastest foreseen growth rate in coming years. The key functional requirements include long range, energy efficiency and suitable data rates. To provide a better solution compared to existing wireless technologies, IEEE 802.11ah HaLow was standardized by making amendments to IEEE 802.11 in 2016. It is a sub 1 GHz IOT Brand WiFi Technology with the capability of multiple band multimode of operation , improved physical and link layer, longer transmission range, energy conserving mechanisms and operability of up to 4 spatial streams. However, an in-depth performance analysis of this standard needs to be further investigated. This work provides BER and Effective throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11ah for various modes of operation. The presented analysis is helpful for the development of adaptive modulation & coding to include link adaptation in this standard.
Measuring free reed oscillation: Some case studies

This paper presents an overview of efforts to measure several quantities related to sound production in free reed instruments. All were undertaken with limited financial resources for equipment and a professor who started with limited experience in experimental physics, but with a good supply of talented and creative undergraduate students. The case studies to be presented will include detecting the presence of higher transverse modes and torsional modes of vibration in an air-driven free reed, detection and significance of these modes in the initial transient, measurement of the volume airflow as a function of time in an oscillating free reed, and using a combination of measurement and theoretical calculation to predict the sounding frequencies of free reed pipes with non-uniform bore shapes.This paper presents an overview of efforts to measure several quantities related to sound production in free reed instruments. All were undertaken with limited financial resources for equipment and a professor who started with limited experience in experimental physics, but with a good supply of talented and creative undergraduate students. The case studies to be presented will include detecting the presence of higher transverse modes and torsional modes of vibration in an air-driven free reed, detection and significance of these modes in the initial transient, measurement of the volume airflow as a function of time in an oscillating free reed, and using a combination of measurement and theoretical calculation to predict the sounding frequencies of free reed pipes with non-uniform bore shapes.
“Never Be Limited by Other People’s Limited Imaginations”

I take my inspiration from other women, other women leaders, that is. Women who are making/have made a difference in the world. I do this because I am a woman who wants to make a difference. I don’t care if they have led a country, a classroom, or their own households – these women inspire me. Often, I seek encouragement and confirmation from women I have known or read about in a book or online. But just as frequently I cull through my ancestry, drawing strength from an unfamiliar great-grandmother/grandmother who couldn’t read or write, according to the census data, but clearly led her family. When I locate quotes or data, I print it off and consider it – why is this statement resonating with me? What is going on in my world that caused that quote to jump off the page? In recent years the following quotations have been taped on a surface in my world to remind, prompt, or push me: “Get on with it!” (Brenẽ Brown) this came to me over 2 years ago and is taped to one of my computer monitors; it has served me well throughout a particular previous work-related situation. “When one must, one can” (Charlotte Whitton). This has been taped to a mirror in my house for just over a year – I look at it every day and it reminds me that I can, I do, and I always have, as I must.
An eco-developmental framework on the intersectionality of gender and sexual identities in transgender individuals

For many transgender individuals, researchers, and practitioners, an eco-development framework provides unique insights on the social influences that dynamically interact, influence, conflict, and ...
A Low Cost 1-DoF Encounter Type Haptic Device for Use in Education

The use of haptic (or force-feedback) devices in education has the potential to improve learning efficiency in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computing (STEM+C). Low cost haptic devices have been presented in literature and are being used in many universities as part of their curricula. These devices provide hands-on experience to students for learning different physical and virtual phenomena. These devices feature small workspaces and low force outputs which can limit their use for educational applications. In this paper a prototype 1 DoF (degree of freedom) encounter type haptic device that possesses a larger workspace, higher force output and the ability to render free space, while keeping the cost low, is proposed. Haptic rendering is achieved using Series Elastic Actuation (SEA), while free space is rendered using a low friction mechanical coupling. Smooth transition between haptic and free space rendering is implemented using a switch based control law. The use of SEA, easy to manufacture 3D printed parts, low cost actuators, sensors and processor make the device affordable for educational institutions and students. In this paper design of the prototype device, its control scheme and experimental characterization of performance has been presented.
Staphylococcus aureus Metal Acquisition in the Mastitic Mammary Gland.

Mastitis, resulting from mammary gland infection, is a common and painful disease associated with lactation. In addition to the impact on human and animal health, mastitis causes substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of mastitis worldwide. Despite significant progress in understanding S. aureus pathogenesis in general, much remains to be learned regarding virulence factors relevant in the context of mastitis. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms by which S. aureus acquires essential metals such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel within lactating mammary glands, while exposing areas where our current knowledge is deficient. Increased understanding of how these factors facilitate bacterial survival in the lactating mammary gland can provide therapeutic targets for more effective mastitis prevention and treatment.
Evaluating the Diversity of Emergency Medicine Foundation (EMF) Grant Recipients in the Last Decade.

Author(s): Gordon, Richard D.; Kwon, Nancy S.; Levy, Phillip D.; Madsen, Tracy E.; Greenberg, Marna Rayl | Abstract: On behalf of the ACEP Research CommitteeIntroduction: To study diversity of researchers and barriers to success among Emergency Medicine Foundation (EMF) grant recipients in the last 10 years.Methods: EMF grant awardees were approached to complete a brief survey, which included demographics, queries related to contributions to the literature, success in obtaining grants, and any perceived barriers they encountered.Results: Of the 342 researchers contacted by email, a total of 147 completed the survey for a response rate of 43%. The respondents were predominately mid to late career white-male-heterosexual-Christian with an average age of 44 years (range 25-69 years of age). With regards to training and education, the majority of respondents (50%) were either Associate or Professor clinical rank (8% instructor/resident/fellow and 31% Assistant). Sixty-two percent of the respondents reported perceived barriers to career advancement since completion of residency. The largest perceived barrier to success was medical specialty (26%), followed by gender (21%) and age (16%).Conclusion: Our survey of EMF grant recipients in the last 10 years shows a considerable lack of diversity. The most commonly perceived barriers to career advancement by this cohort were medical specialty, gender, and age. An opportunity exists for further definition of barriers and development of mechanisms to overcome them, with a goal of increased success for those that are underrepresented.
Deformation of the Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Cover between November 1996 and April 1997: A Qualitative Survey

Quasi-linear features of the scale of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers can be observed in the high-resolution deformation fields of the sea ice cover produced by the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System. They appear as sharp discontinuities separating regions of uniform ice motion. These features are expressions of one of three kinematic processes: openings, closings, or shear. Here, we refer to them as linear kinematic features (LKFs). Open water is created during an opening event and ridges are formed during a closing event. Shear, however, does not always result in convergence or divergence that modify the sea ice thickness distribution. These large-scale patterns of LKFs, seem to be persistent with a time scale approaching a month suggesting anisotropic material behavior. The character of the ice cover deformation is sampled by RGPS grid cells with dimensions of approximately 10 km on a side. In this paper, we provide a qualitative survey of the development of these features over a six-month period between November 1996 and April 1997 and discuss their implications on the modeling of sea ice dynamics.
Trends in Participation and Authorship of Women at the Pacific Coast Surgical Association Meeting, 2008-2018

This study investigates temporal trends in gender participation in membership, leadership, and presentations of women in the Pacific Coast Surgical Association.
Philosophy of economics: past and future

This essay offers a history of the development of philosophy of economics from the 1830s until today, with a personal perspective on the developments of the last four decades. It argues that change...
Linguistic Landscape as an Antidote to the Commodification of Study Abroad Language Programs: A Case Study in the Center of Madrid

This chapter presents a pedagogical model to counteract the influence of the discourses and practices of tourism on the subjectivities and experiences of study abroad participants. In order to situate this model, I examine the debates on the impact of tourism on study abroad and, more broadly, language education; I also consider the importance of tourism and language tourism in Spain. Then, I describe a project in which students had to explore and contrast the linguistic landscape of five different neighborhoods in the center of Madrid. I argue that the linguistic landscape is an approach with the potential to resist the commodification of the study abroad experience by positioning language learners as ‘researchers’ and not ‘tourists,’ and by situating language learning in contexts that require engaging with political and social meanings (Shohamy E, Waksman S. Linguistic landscape as an ecological arena: modalities, meanings, negotiations, education. In: Shohamy E, Gorter D (eds) Linguistic landscape: expanding the scenery. Routledge, New York, pp 313–330, 2009; Rubdy R. Conflict and exclusion: the linguistic landscape as an arena of contestation. In: Rubdy R, Ben Said S (eds) Conflict, exclusion and dissent in the linguistic landscape. Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire; New York, pp. 1–24, 2015a), thus mobilizing and fostering linguistic, critical, historical and sociocultural competences. Finally, I discuss the results of the linguistic landscape project completed by the students, evaluating its impact in the development of a critical, dynamic, nuanced, and non-essentialist view of Spanish culture.
A Shuffling Framework for Local Differential Privacy.

ldp deployments are vulnerable to inference attacks as an adversary can link the noisy responses to their identity and subsequently, auxiliary information using the order of the data. An alternative model, shuffle DP, prevents this by shuffling the noisy responses uniformly at random. However, this limits the data learnability -- only symmetric functions (input order agnostic) can be learned. In this paper, we strike a balance and propose a generalized shuffling framework that interpolates between the two deployment models. We show that systematic shuffling of the noisy responses can thwart specific inference attacks while retaining some meaningful data learnability. To this end, we propose a novel privacy guarantee, d-sigma privacy, that captures the privacy of the order of a data sequence. d-sigma privacy allows tuning the granularity at which the ordinal information is maintained, which formalizes the degree the resistance to inference attacks trading it off with data learnability. Additionally, we propose a novel shuffling mechanism that can achieve d-sigma privacy and demonstrate the practicality of our mechanism via evaluation on real-world datasets.
First International Congress of Soil Science 1927

The First International Congress of Soil Science was held from 13th until 22nd of June 1927. The congress was organized by the International Society of Soil Science, the American Society of Agronomy, and the United States Department of Agriculture. Jacob Lipman and Curtis Marbut were the main organizers. The congress was attended by 507 people (366 from the USA) and there were 141 delegates from 31 countries; there were two women. Konstantin Glinka headed the Russian delegation, and with Curtis Marbut he was the pedologic leader of the congress. Jacob Lipman had made the program for the congress based on the recommendations of the six commissions. In total, 361 papers were received, with most for for the commission on Soil Biology and Biochemistry and the commission on Classification, Nomenclature, and Mapping of Soils. The congress included social events in Washington, day excursions, and was followed by a one-month excursion by train through 23 states and four Canadian Provinces. Over 200 people participated, and thirty-four stops were made, and twelve agricultural stations were visited. There were long discussions at the numerous soil profiles that were especially dug for the excursion or observed along road cuts. The congress and excursion were a success, forged a community of soil scientists, and became a model for successive soil congresses.
Is the Copenhagen Interpretation Compatible with Philosophical Realism

How are quantum mechanics and realism related? This paper will discuss whether or not the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics and the doctrine of philosophical realism are compatible. To answer this question, this paper will first introduce quantum mechanics and the Copenhagen Interpretation in terms of the particle in the box experiment. Then, philosophical realism will be introduced and defined. Finally, the relationship between the Copenhagen Interpretation and philosophical realism will be evaluated. Several points of the Copenhagen Interpretation appear to contradict philosophical realism; thus, it can be concluded that the Copenhagen Interpretation is not compatible with philosophical realism.
Awakening effects of simulated sonic booms and subsonic aircraft noise

This, paper will briefly describe a simulator of sonic booms as the booms would be experienced in houses under the flight path of a supersonic aircraft. It will also describe research on the effects of these simulated booms upon sleeping humans.
L1 Retrotransposons Shape the Mammalian Genome

What are all of those retrotransposons doing buzzing about in our genome? According to Kazazian, in his Perspective this week, these mobile pieces of DNA are busy reshaping our genome, making it more diverse and enabling us to survive and thrive through the vagaries of evolution. And just how do they do this?...zip to page 1152 to find out.
Strategies for Data Collection in Social Skills Group Interventions: A Case Study

For many practitioners in schools and clinics, collecting data to show the effectiveness of an intervention is probably one of the most important yet challenging components of intervention implementation. This article provides practitioners with an example case study of how data can be organized and collected to determine the effectiveness of a social skills group intervention. Techniques to establish individual and group goals, determine a method to collect data, collect baseline data, and monitor progress are described. Challenges and practical strategies are discussed, and useful and specific suggestions are provided.
Delayed-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: Utility for Identifying the Ventricular Arrhythmia Substrate

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the value of delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) to guide ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NIC). Background In patients with NIC, ventricular arrhythmias often are associated with scar tissue. DE-MRI can be used to precisely define scar tissue. Methods DE-MRI was performed in 29 consecutive patients (mean age 50 ± 15 years) with NIC (mean ejection fraction 37 ± 9%) referred for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Scar was extracted from DE-MRIs and was then integrated into the electroanatomic map. Mapping data were correlated with respect to the localization of scar tissue. Results Scar was identified by DE-MRI in 14 of 29 patients. Nine of these patients had VT and 5 had PVCs. In 5 of the patients there was predominantly endocardial scar, and mapping and ablation of arrhythmias was effectively performed from the endocardium in all 5 patients. In 2 patients scar was either intramural or epicardial with extension to the endocardium. In both patients with partial endocardial scar extension, the ablation was effective in eliminating some but not all arrhythmias. In 2 patients most of the scar tissue was confined to the epicardium; mapping identified and eliminated an epicardial origin in both patients. No effect on arrhythmias could be achieved in the other 5 patients with predominantly intramural scar. Conclusions DE-MRI in patients without prior infarctions can help to identify the arrhythmogenic substrate; furthermore, it helps to plan an appropriate mapping and ablation strategy.
Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton

Although appreciable quantities of organic matter synthesized by terrestrial plants within the drainage basin can be transported to freshwater ecosystems in either dissolved or particulate forms (allochthonous primary productivity), much of the organic matter of lakes is produced within the lake by phytoplanktonic algae, by littoral macrophytic vegetation, and by sessile algae (autochthonous primary productivity). In situ rates of photosynthesis by phytoplankton are the subject of this exercise; those of other plant forms will be treated separately in Exercise 22.
Differentiation and Ig-allele switch in cell line WEHI-231.

Because of its susceptibility to apoptosis upon Ag receptor cross-linking and lack of IgD expression, cells of the mouse cell line WEHI-231 have been classified as immature B cells. In this study we show that early freezings of the WEHI-231 line express IgD but not CD93, which classifies the cells as more similar to mature B cells. Another, later line obviously has differentiated in culture and has all the hallmarks of activated B cells. But despite activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, there is no switch in isotype; instead we found switching from one μ allele to the other. As a consequence of these findings, we now view the apoptosis studies in the WEHI-231 line to reflect properties of mature and activated B lymphocytes, respectively.
Foreword: Intelligent Integration of Information

This issue of JUS is dedicated to topics in Intelligent Integration of Information (I3). I3 represents a field in Information Systems that parallels closely the objectives of this journal. The focus on Integration defines tasks that increase the value of information when information from multiple sources is accessed, related, and combined. The problem to be addressed in this context is that integration over the ever-expanding number of resources available on-line leads to what customers perceive as information overload. In actuality, the customers experience data overload, making it nearly impossible to extract information sufficiently relevant to lead to decisions and action out of a haystack of data.