cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hybridized discontinuous Galerkin method on mapped deforming domains

Abstract In this paper we present a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization for unsteady simulations of convection-dominated flows on mapped deforming domains. Mesh deformation is achieved through an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian transformation with an analytical mapping. We present details of this transformation applied to the HDG system of equations, with focus on the auxiliary gradient equation, viscous stabilization, and output calculation. We discuss conditions under which optimal unsteady output convergence rates can be attained, and we show that both HDG and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) achieve these rates in advection-dominated flows. Results for scalar advection-diffusion and the Euler equations verify the implementation of the mesh motion mapping for both discretizations, show that HDG and DG yield similar results on a given mesh, and demonstrate differences in output convergence rates depending on the choice of HDG viscous stabilization. We note that such similar results bode well for HDG, which has fewer globally-coupled degrees of freedom compared to DG. A simulation of the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations demonstrates again very similar results for HDG and DG and illustrates a pitfall of using steady-state adapted meshes for accurate unsteady simulations.
Oswaldo Costa, Antropofagia, y la crítica caníbal de la modernidad colonial

Oswaldo Costa was a key member of the Brazilian modernist Antropofagia (Anthropophagy) movement of the late 1920s, yet he has been largely forgotten by critics and marginalized from national cultural history. Costa articulated —as no other member of the movement did, including his famous leader Oswald de Andrade— an Antropofagia intellectually engaged in what we call a cannibal critique of colonial modernity and Occidentalism. Costa’s Antropofagia cannibalized the historical archive, reading against the grain of a triumphant Western imperial history. Throughout his contributions to the Revista de Antropofagia , he questioned Brazil’s cultural allegiance to Europe, pointed out the existence of asynchronous temporalities within Brazil, and defied Eurocentric notions of civilization and progress that ideologically structure Brazilian nationalism in the ninetieth and twentieth centuries. He also enacted an anthropophagous re-reading of Brazilian historiography against its celebration of colonialism and proposed the necessity of a cultural decolonization. This article analyzes Costa’s principal contributions to Antropofagia and rescues his hitherto overlooked countercolonial thought from the oblivion of collective forgetting. Moreover, it examines Costa’s significant view of Brazilian modernity as a perfidious armistice with other barbarous temporalities, and of the Westernization of Brazil as a deceptive appearance that hides ever-present colonial antagonisms.
Human granulocyte antigens: current status and biological significance.

SummaryThe biological reason for the polymorphism of granulocyte-specific antigens is unknown. Clinical complications due to granulocyte antigen-antibody reactions cannot yet be predicted with certainty. Thus reactions following granulocyte transfusions may occur, despite cross-matching (25, 59- 66). Autoimmune disorders and maternal/ fetal incompatibility have been traced to known granulocyte antigens, and sera from patients with these disorders have been used to define many of these antigens (73-86).One of the main difficulties in deciphering the system of granulocyte antigens has been the limitations of the various testing procedures used. None of the techniques yet discovered, including indirect immunofluorescence, has been able to detect all the antigens which other tests detect (28-31). This fact suggests that these tests may be inadequate and could explain their lack of predictive value. A panel of known cell types is also unavailable, because the viability of granulocytes following current cryogen...
Two Types of ACh Receptors Contribute to Fast Channel Gating on Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Shepherd, Dawn and Paul Brehm. Two types of ACh receptors contribute to fast channel gating on mouse skeletal muscle. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2966–2974, 1997. Single-channel recordings from mouse C2 m...
Maternal Childhood Sexual Trauma, Child Directed Aggression, Parenting Behavior, and the Moderating Role of Child Sex

Using propensity-matched controls, the present study examines the associations between maternal report of child-directed aggression and observed parenting behavior across early childhood for women with and without childhood sexual trauma histories. The moderating role of child sex was also examined. The sample (n=204) is from a longitudinal study of rural poverty exploring the ways in which child, family, and contextual factors shape development over time. After controlling for numerous factors including child and primary caregiver covariates, findings reveal that childhood sexual trauma is related to sensitive parenting behavior and child-directed aggression. Findings further revealed that child sex moderates the relation between sexual trauma history and maternal behavior towards children. Implications for interventions for mothers with childhood sexual trauma histories and directions for future study are proposed.
Slow dynamics in glasses : A comparison between theory and experiment

Minimalist theories of complex systems are broadly of two kinds: mean field and axiomatic. So far, all theories of complex properties absent from simple systems and intrinsic to glasses are axiomatic. Stretched Exponential Relaxation (SER) is the prototypical complex temporal property of glasses, discovered by Kohlrausch 150 years ago, and now observed almost universally in microscopically homogeneous, complex nonequilibrium materials, including luminescent electronic Coulomb glasses. A critical comparison of alternative axiomatic theories with both numerical simulations and experiments strongly favors channeled dynamical trap models over static percolative or energy landscape models. The topics discussed cover those reported since the author's review article in 1996, with an emphasis on parallels between channel bifurcation in electronic and molecular relaxation.
A community of singing: motivation, identity, and communitas in a Mennonite School choir programme

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study sought to identify and define aspects of the educational and community culture that underlie a Mennonite School music programme, facilitate students’ motivation to continue participation, and contribute to individual and group identity. Four interrelated institutions provided context for student music participation: community of church and family, the school and its culture, the music director and the choir ensembles. Pedagogical practices reflected conscious efforts to increase students’ perceptions of competence, provide autonomy in learning interactions, and promote relatedness. The programme reflected the centrality of communal singing in Mennonite culture and exists within a school context that emphasises interconnectedness in community that seemingly runs counter to an ethos of individuality in the United States. Through rituals embedded in Mennonite culture and communal singing, the choir programme reflects communitas, or a spirit of mutual belonging and unity.
Teaching as Brain Changing: Exploring Connections between Neuroscience and Innovative Teaching.

One would hope that of the many ways to conceptualize teaching and learning, scientists would view these processes as driving biological changes in the brain. Here, the authors draw connections between innovative teaching techniques and neuroscience that may support our understanding of why innovative teaching is so effective at promoting learning.
Board of Director and Committee Diversity and Firm Financial Performance

The role of board diversity and its impact upon firm performance has gained increasing attention, but results so far have been mixed. Arguments for a positive relationship between board diversity a...
Protecting the PCL During Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Bone Island Technique.

Abstract Background Prior studies have shown that the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) may be partially resected during cruciate retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using highly experienced hands and standard surgical technique; therefore, proper surgical technique is aimed at preservation and balance of the PCL during CR TKA. The central objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple surgical technique to prevent PCL damage during performance of a CR TKA. Methods Sixty embalmed cadaver specimens were randomized into 2 groups, experimental and control. The control group consisted of standard tibial resection without the use of an osteotome. The experimental group utilized an osteotome in addition to standard technique to preserve a bone island anterior to the tibial attachment of the PCL. Results In the control group, PCL damage was noted in 73% (22/30) of specimens. In the experimental group, where an osteotome was used, PCL damage was found in 23% (7/30) of specimens. The use of an osteotome was found to have an absolute risk reduction of 50% when compared to the control group which did not use an osteotome to protect the PCL. Conclusion In the setting of minimal surgical experience, the use of an osteotome to preserve the PCL during CR TKA by forming a bone island was found to be an effective means of protecting the PCL over standard technique. In addition, standard technique with the use of a Y-shaped PCL retractor was found to provide questionable protection to the PCL.
High efficiency three level transformerless inverter based on SiC MOSFETs for PV applications

Transformerless inverters are widely employed in PV grid-tied inverter due to their capability of reducing power losses and enhancing the system efficiency. Several multilevel transformerless topologies are investigated to increase power quality and system efficiency. Wide bandgap power devices such as SiC MOSFETs can increase the system performance and reduce the total losses due to their superior features over Si switching devices. In this paper, a three level transformerless inverter based on H6 topology is proposed. The proposed topology is implemented with a silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and a modulation approach is adopted to reduce the number of conducting switches. Simulation results show that total conduction and switching losses are reduced by about 50% and the efficiency of the system is increased by 3% at a high switching frequency of 100 kHz.
What’s a Threat on Social Media? How Black and Latino Chicago Young Men Define and Navigate Threats Online:

Youth living in violent urban neighborhoods increasingly post messages online from urban street corners. The decline of the digital divide and the proliferation of social media platforms connect yo...
Duality and approximation of Bergman spaces

Abstract Expected duality and approximation properties are shown to fail on Bergman spaces of domains in C n , via examples. When the domain admits an operator satisfying certain mapping properties, positive duality and approximation results are proved. Such operators are constructed on generalized Hartogs triangles. On a general bounded Reinhardt domain, norm convergence of Laurent series of Bergman functions is shown. This extends a classical result on Hardy spaces of the unit disc.
Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituitary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly.

Background Conventional fractionated radiotherapy has been shown to be partially effective for management of pituitary tumors in cats that cause acromegaly and diabetes mellitus (DM), but, the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) as a treatment for acromegalic cats has not been described. Hypothesis Stereotactic radiation therapy is an effective and safe treatment for controlling acromegaly associated with pituitary adenomas in cats. Additionally, SRT-treated acromegalic cats with DM will experience a decrease in insulin requirements after radiation therapy. Animals Fifty-three client-owned cats referred to Colorado State University for SRT to treat pituitary tumors causing poorly controlled DM secondary to acromegaly. Methods Retrospective study of cats treated for acromegaly with SRT between 2008 and 2016 at Colorado State University. Diagnosis of acromegaly was based on history, physical examination, laboratory results, and cross-sectional imaging of the pituitary. Signalment, radiation protocol, insulin requirements over time, adverse effects, and survival were recorded. Results Median survival time was 1072 days. Of the 41 cats for which insulin dosage information was available, 95% (39/41) experienced a decrease in required insulin dose, with 32% (13/41) achieving diabetic remission. Remission was permanent in 62% (8/13) and temporary in 38% (5/13) cats. Median duration to lowest insulin dose was 9.5 months. Of the treated cats, 14% developed hypothyroidism and required supplementation after SRT. Conclusions Stereotactic radiation therapy is safe and effective for treating cats with acromegaly. Cats treated with SRT have improved survival time and control of their DM when compared to previously reported patients treated with non-SRT.
Bias in estimates of the classic and incidence-based Jaccard similarity indices: insights from assemblage simulation

Similarity indices are often used for measuring b-diversity and as the starting point of multivariate analysis. In this study, I used simulation to examine the direction and amount of bias in estimates of two similarity indices, Jaccard Coefficient (J) and incidence-based J (J^). I design a novel simulation to generate three sets of assemblages that vary in species richness, species-occurrence distributions, and b-diversity. I characterized assemblage differences with the ratio of [proportion of rare species in all shared species / proportion of rare species in all unshared species] (i.e., PRₛₛ/PRᵤₛ) and the Pearson’s correlation in the probabilities of shared species between two assemblages (i.e., share-species correlation). I found that J was subject to strong positive or negative bias, depending on PRₛₛ/PRᵤₛ. J^ was mainly subject to negative bias, which varied with share-species correlation. In both indices, bias varied substantially from one pair of assemblages to another and among datasets. The high variation in the bias across different comparisons of assemblages may compromise b-diversity estimation established at low sampling efforts based on the two indices or their variants.
Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum

Forty-four trials of thalidomide or an identical placebo have been conducted in 22 patients with active lepromatous leprosy and chronic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions. Thalidomide is significantly superior to placebo in completely alleviating the two principal signs of ENL, fever and skin lesions. Selected serial laboratory determinations during the study demonstrate an acute anemia occurring in and immediately after EN L and an acute rise in circulating leukocytes with a shift to the left in the differential count. There is an acute increase in both direct and indirect serum bilirubin associated with ENL and a fall in total serum cholesterol. The suggestion is made that ENL has some characteristics of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Despite its teratogenic effect, thalidomide is less toxic than corticosteroids and therefore seems to represent a major advance in the management of ENL. Its mechanism of action in ENL is unknown.
Monitoring Maize Lodging Disaster Via Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images

The study aimed to monitor maize lodging in a large scale by using multi-temporal HJ-1B CCD images. The variation of vegetation indexes before and after lodging was analyzed. The sensitive vegetation index of maize lodging was selected by correlation analysis method. The remote sensing monitoring model of maize lodging disaster was constructed, which used to map maize lodging distribution and disaster grade at large scale. The model was validated by field measured samples at last. Results showed that correlation between RVI and lodging ratio was highest. The RVI can be used as the best vegetation index for quantitative inversion of maize lodging by remote sensing. The overall accuracy of disaster grade classification was 87.5%, and Kappa coefficient was 0.817. It indicated that the model developed in the study could be used to map maize lodging coverage and spatial distribution of disaster grade.
Morphological Development in Normal and Clinical Populations

Purpose The goal of this review article is to summarize what is currently known about morphological processing in both normal and clinical populations in order to present unexplored opportunities t...
Health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors and noncancer controls over 10 years: Pink SWAN.

Background The goal of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQL) from diagnosis to 10 years postdiagnosis among breast cancer survivors (BCS) and women without cancer over the same period and to identify BCS subgroups exhibiting different HRQL trajectories. Methods Our analysis included 141 BCS and 2086 controls from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiracial/ethnic cohort study of mid-life women assessed approximately annually from 1995 to 2015. Pink SWAN participants reported no cancer at SWAN enrollment and developed (cases) or did not develop (controls) incident breast cancer after enrollment. We assessed HRQL with SF-36 Mental Component Summary and Physical Component Summary scores. We modeled each as a function of case/control status, years since diagnosis, years since diagnosis squared, and the interaction terms between case/control status and the 2 time variables in linear models. We characterized heterogeneity in postdiagnosis HRQL of cases using group-based trajectories. Results BCS had significantly lower HRQL compared with controls at diagnosis and 1 year postdiagnosis. By 2 years, BCS and controls no longer differed significantly. Among BCS, 2 trajectory groups were identified for both scores. For the Mental Component Summary, 88.4% of BCS had consistently good and 11.6% had very low scores. For the Physical Component Summary, 73.9% had good scores, and 26.1% had consistently low scores. Prediagnosis perceived stress and current smoking were related to being in the low mental trajectory group, and a higher number of comorbidities was related to being in the low physical trajectory group. Conclusion Although the majority of BCS have HRQL similar to non-cancer controls after 2 years, subgroups of BCS continue to have low HRQL. Prediagnosis stress, comorbidities, and smoking are vulnerability factors for long-term, low HRQL in BCS.
Open-Source Grinding Machine for Compression Screw Manufacturing

Some of the most promising distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) technical systems use fused particle fabrication (FPF) or fused granular fabrication (FGF), where compression screws force post-consumer waste plastic through a heated nozzle for direct 3D printing. To assist the technical evolution of these systems, this study provided the details of an invention for a low-cost, easily replicable open-source grinding machine for compression screw manufacturing. The system itself can be largely fabricated using FPF/FGF following the self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) methodology. This grinding machine can be made from a cordless cut-off grinder and < $155 in parts. The new invention is demonstrated to be able to cut custom screws with variable (i) channel depths, (ii) screw diameters, (iii) screw lengths, (iv) pitches, (v) abrasive disk thicknesses, (vi) handedness of the screws, (vii) and materials (three types of steel tested: 1045 steel, 1144 steel, and 416 stainless steel). The results show that the device is more than capable of replicating commercial screws as well as providing makers with a much greater flexibility to make custom screws. This invention enables the DRAM toolchain to become even more self-sufficient, which assists the goals of the circular economy.
Putting things in context: Longitudinal relations between drinking contexts, drinking motives, and negative alcohol consequences.

Recent studies suggest that solitary (but not social) drinking may confer risk for negative alcohol consequences via beliefs about alcohol's ability to reduce tension, and explicit motivations to drink to cope with negative mood states. However, because prior studies are largely cross-sectional, it is unclear if tension reduction expectancies and drinking to cope are antecedents or consequences of solitary drinking. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature using prospective data (3 waves across 12 months) from a sample of moderate to heavy drinking young adults. Data were drawn from a larger investigation of contextual influences on subjective alcohol response. Participants (N = 448) reported on alcohol use in multiple drinking contexts and tension reduction expectancies at baseline (T1), drinking motives at a 6-month follow-up (T2), and past-month negative alcohol consequences at a 12-month follow-up (T3). We examined potential indirect effects of drinking contexts on negative consequences operating through alcohol expectancies and drinking motives. Solitary drinking was indirectly associated with later negative consequences through stronger coping motives, although tension reduction expectancies did not serve as a significant mediator. Social drinking was not directly or indirectly related to later alcohol consequences. Results suggest that solitary drinking contexts confer risk for negative consequences through coping motives, and that these effects are invariant across sex, race, and ethnicity. These findings have important clinical implications as they suggest that targeting solitary drinkers for skills-based coping interventions may reduce risk for a developmental trajectory toward negative alcohol consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Mixed-Methods Randomized Evaluation of FAMS: A Mobile Phone-Delivered Intervention to Improve Family/Friend Involvement in Adults' Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care.

BACKGROUND Family and friends have both helpful and harmful effects on adults' diabetes self-management. Family-focused Add-on to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) is a mobile phone-delivered intervention designed to improve family/friend involvement, self-efficacy, and self-care via monthly phone coaching, texts tailored to goals, and the option to invite a support person to receive texts. PURPOSE We sought to evaluate how FAMS was received by a diverse group of adults with Type 2 diabetes and if FAMS improved diabetes-specific family/friend involvement (increased helpful and reduced harmful), diabetes self-efficacy, and self-care (diet and physical activity). We also assessed if improvements in family/friend involvement mediated improvements in self-efficacy and self-care. METHODS Participants were prospectively assigned to enhanced treatment as usual (control), an individualized text messaging intervention alone, or the individualized text messaging intervention plus FAMS for 6 months. Participants completed surveys at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and postintervention interviews. Between-group and multiple mediator analyses followed intention-to-treat principles. RESULTS Retention, engagement, and fidelity were high. FAMS was well received and helped participants realize the value of involving family/friends in their care. Relative to control, FAMS participants had improved family/friend involvement, self-efficacy, and diet (but not physical activity) at 3 and 6 months (all ps < .05). Improvements in family/friend involvement mediated effects on self-efficacy and diet for FAMS participants but not for the individualized intervention group. CONCLUSIONS The promise of effectively engaging patients' family and friends lies in sustained long-term behavior change. This work represents a first step toward this goal by demonstrating how content targeting helpful and harmful family/friend involvement can drive short-term effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02481596.
SAT0085 Meloxicam has a low risk of serious gastrointestinal complications: pooled analysis of 27,039 patients

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are the most common adverse events associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although serious gastrointestinal complications, such as perforated ulcers and catastrophic bleeding, are uncommon, these events area. Objectives We reviewed the incidence of serious upper GI (UGI) complications, including perforations, obstructions and hemodynamically-significant bleeds in a pooled data analysis of Meloxicam clinical trials that were at least 3 weeks in duration and included at least 20 patients per arm. Methods Thirty-five trials with 27,309 patients on Meloxicam, comparator NSAID?s, or placebo were included in the analysis. Nearly 39% (8109) patients were over age 65, and 1002 patients (4%) had a previous history of perforation, ulcer or bleed. Cases of suspected GI events were ascertained based on pre-defined criteria. Case report forms and supporting details were blinded and submitted to an independent Endpoint Committee for adjudication. Results A total of 448 potential cases were identified and sent for adjudication. The Endpoint Committee determined that 54 of these cases met the predefined criteria for a clinically significant event. Conclusion The risk of clinically significant UGI events with meloxicam is dose-dependent and low at the recommended doses of 7.5 mg and 15 mg.
Eye Discharge in a 9-day-old Twin Boy.

1. Eleanor A. Sharp, MD* 2. Jessica L. Garrison, MD* 1. *Paul C. Gaffney Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA A 9-day-old infant boy presents to the emergency department with a 1-day history of bilateral eye redness and yellow discharge. The morning before presentation, his mother noted his right eye to be crusted shut with dried yellow discharge. She applied a warm compress that removed the discharge and allowed him to open his eye normally. However, over the next several hours he developed bilateral eyelid swelling and yellow drainage from both eyes. He seemed to be trying to rub his eyes and was fussier than usual. The day of presentation, his mother noted both his eyes were red, swollen, and draining yellow fluid, so she brought him to the emergency department for evaluation. The patient has not been breastfeeding as long or as frequently as usual over the past day but has still had normal stool and urine output. The patient has not had fever, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, rash, or sick contacts. His twin sister is asymptomatic. The patient was born full term via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He was the firstborn twin. The mother received routine prenatal care, and both the pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. Maternal screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia at the first prenatal visit was negative, and the patient received ophthalmic erythromycin after delivery. In the emergency department, the infant is afebrile with normal vital signs for age. He is fussy but consolable. He has periorbital swelling with overlying erythema, conjunctival injection, and mucopurulent discharge from both eyes, right worse than left. The reminder of his examination is unremarkable. Due to his age, evaluation for possible serious bacterial infection is completed. His white blood cell count is …
Profiles of Instructor Responses to Emergency Distance Learning.

To understand instruction during the spring 2020 transition to emergency distance learning (EDL), we surveyed a sample of instructors teaching undergraduate EDL courses at a large university in the southwest. We asked them how frequently they used and how confident they were in their ability to implement each of nine promising practices, both for their spring 2020 EDL course and a time when they previously taught the same course face-to-face (F2F). Using latent class analysis, we examined how behavioral frequencies and confidence clustered to form meaningful groups of instructors, how these groups differed across F2F and EDL contexts, and what predicted membership in EDL groupings. Results suggest that in the EDL context, instructors fell into one of three profiles in terms of how often they used promising practices: Highly Supportive, Instructor Centered, and More Detached. When moving from the F2F to EDL context, instructors tended to shift “down” in terms of their profile—for example, among F2F Highly Supportive instructors, 34% shifted to the EDL Instructor Centered profile and 30% shifted to the EDL More Detached Profile. Instructors who reported lower self-efficacy for EDL practices were also more likely to end up in the EDL More Detached profile. These results can assist universities in understanding instructors' needs in EDL, and what resources, professional development, and institutional practices may best support instructor and student experiences.
Study on Gas Drainage Technology of Opening Closed Roadway

In order to ensure the safe and rapid emission of high concentration gas when the mine opens the closed roadway, the gas emission method of the measure hole on the closed wall of the roadway and the extraction hole through the head of the roadway are studied. It solved the problems of difficult control of air volume, long gas emission time, easy overrun of return air flow gas concentration and large influence range in closed roadway gas emission. The practical results show that after the closed wall of -580 m track stone gate roadway is opened, the gas concentration in the airflow is 0.18 %, and the gas emission time is 2 min, which greatly shortens the gas emission time. There is no abnormal phenomenon in the segmented gas emission, and the safe gas emission is realized.
Younger age at intracranial aneurysms rupture among patients with opioid use disorders

Abstract Background Association between opioid abuse and intracranial aneurysms rupture has been suggested in recent studies. However, these observations are limited to single center studies and could be benefited from validation in larger cohorts. Hence, we aimed to study the association between age at aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and opioid use disorders (OUD) using a large, national database. Methods This study was conducted using the 2016 and 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) with ICD-10 codes. Cohorts were categorized as “Non-users”, “OUD”, and “Multi-drug users”. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between OUD and multi-drug users with age at aneurysm rupture, and multiple logistic regression models were used for the association between in-hospital mortality and drug abuse. Results A total of 17,391 patients with aSAH were captured in the 2016 and 2017 NIS database. Out of these patients, 235 (1.4%) were included in the OUD group and 59 (0.3%) in the multi-drug users’ group. Adjusted linear regression showed an unstandardized coefficient (UC) = −12.3 [95%CI = −14.4/−10.1, p Conclusions This is the first national study to examine the association between age at intracranial aneurysms rupture and opioid abuse. aSAH patients with history of OUD were 12 years younger compared to non-users, when OUD was combined with other drugs, the age at aneurysms rupture was 17 years younger. Further elucidation regarding the mechanisms by which opioids triggers aneurysms rupture and predispose to worsen outcomes following aSAH is required, as well as appropriate prevention, and management strategies for aSAH patients with OUD.
The structure of the pulmonary circulation in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. A quantitative cineangiographic study.

Cineangiograms of 172 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed retrospectively. Findings: Twenty-eight (16%) patients had congenital absence of the central and unbranched hilar portions of the left or right pulmonary artery or both, and thus had congenitally nonconfluent pulmonary arteries. Five additional patients (3%) with originally confluent pulmonary arteries had nonconfluent ones because of an end-to-end surgical shunt, as did seven others (4%) because of thrombosis of one pulmonary artery. Among the 132 patients with confluent right and left pulmonary arteries, 70 (53% of 132) had incomplete arborization (distribution) of one or both, as did 23 (82% of 28) of those with congenitally nonconfluent pulmonary arteries (P for difference = 0.005). Ten (36% of 28) of the latter group had fewer than 10 pulmonary vascular segments (normal is 20) in continuity with central pulmonary arteries, compared with four (3%) of the former group. The proximal left and right pulmonary arteries were small but variable in size in all groups (median value 1.05 McGoon ratio), but were largest in the patients with confluent pulmonary arteries. Seventy-nine (60% of 132) patients with confluent left and right pulmonary arteries had large aortopulmonary collateral arteries, as did 100% of those with congenitally nonconfluent pulmonary arteries (P
Urethral Prolapse in Children: Insights Into Etiology and Management

The pathophysiology of urethral prolapse has never been clearly elucidated. Following en bloc removal of the urethra, bladder, vagina, uterus and pelvic floor tissues from a 4-year-old burn victim with urethral prolapse at the time of death and from a female newborn cadaver, careful step-sectioning of the specimens at 5 mm. intervals for histological examination was performed. The anatomical defects of urethral prolapse noted were marked eversion of the urethral mucosa, vascular congestion of the "corpus spongiosum urethrae muliebris", and a cleavage plane between the inner longitudinal and outer circular-oblique smooth muscle layers of the urethra. We propose that urethral prolapse results from poor attachments between the smooth muscle layers of the urethra in association with episodic increases in intra-abdominal pressure. A clinical review of 12 cases revealed that at least 8 (67 per cent) had antecedent episodes of marked increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Obliteration of the cleavage plane between the smooth muscle layers is important for successful treatment of this lesion.
Likelihood Ratio Tests

The likelihood ratio test is a widely used procedure for testing hypotheses. It rejects the null hypothesis when the maximum likelihood under the null hypothesis is significantly smaller than the maximum likelihood under the alternative hypothesis. In some situations, its P value can be calculated exactly, but, in general, the P value must be approximated, usually by using a chi-square table. Three examples are presented. Methods have been, and continue to be, developed for improving the approximation. Keywords: likelihood function; maximum likelihood estimator; P value; chi-square distribution; profile likelihood; asymptotic theory, most powerful test
Statistical methods in animal improvement: historical overview.

This review is restricted primarily to some history of the development of methods for evaluation of animals. It deals with linear models with emphasis on missing subclass problems. Some topics covered are selection index and its pioneers including Wright and Lush; analysis of variance particularly as related to variance estimation and maximum likelihood, both due to Fisher; formalized selection index of Smith and Hazel; unequal numbers analysis due greatly to Fisher, Yates and Iowa State University.
Genital infection with Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 in children.

Five cases of genital infections with Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) in 7- to 12-year-old girls and one case in a 3-year-old boy have been observed over a 3-year period. HVH type 1 was isolated from the genital lesions and mouth in both the boy, who had no oral lesions, and in an 8-year-old girl with associated gingivostomatitis. The boy showed serological evidence of a type 1 HVH reinfection and the girl showed evidence of a primary type 1 infection. Laboratory studies on the other four girls confirmed a primary type 2 HVH infection. On the basis of the virological, serological, and epidemiological information, it appears that genital infections with HVH in children can be either venereally or non-venereally transmitted. The physician should therefore use caution in his judgment as to the way in which a herpetic genital infection was acquired in his patient.
Chemical double-layer capacitor power sources for electrical actuation applications

In this paper, the design, construction, and testing of chemical double layer capacitors made using a composite electrode structure are described. The techniques used to fabricate carbon/metal composite electrodes which eliminate the need for pressure to obtain low values for the equivalent series resistance are discussed along with the methods used to produce multiple-cell stacks capable of operating at 28 volts. Issues concerning the methods of producing uniform electrodes that can be used for bipolar stacking of cells to achieve higher operating voltage levels as well as sealing of the completed device are presented. Sealants that will cure in the presence of the electrolyte (potassium hydroxide) and provide a durable, long-lasting seal have been studied and used in the construction of several capacitor units that we have built. Controller issues related to the use of capacitor power sources for actuator applications are also presented. With the capacitor bank connected to an appropriate DC-DC converter, a constant output voltage can be maintained even though the capacitor voltage decays. Preliminary results using off-the-shelf devices which maintain a constant output voltage level of 28 V for input voltages ranging from 21-32 V are given for tests on a small linear actuator capable of lifting several hundred pounds. These and similar devices are presently limited to fairly low power levels (100-200 W range), but factors concerning the extension to higher power levels are given as well.
Structure of the Proteus vulgaris HigB-(HigA)2-HigB Toxin-Antitoxin Complex.

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems regulate key cellular processes to promote cell survival during periods of stress. During steady-state cell growth, antitoxins typically interact with their cognate toxins to inhibit activity presumably by preventing substrate recognition. We solved two x-ray crystal structures of the Proteus vulgaris tetrameric HigB-(HigA)2-HigB TA complex and found that, unlike most other TA systems, the antitoxin HigA makes minimal interactions with toxin HigB. HigB adopts a RelE family tertiary fold containing a highly conserved concave surface where we predict its active site is located. HigA does not cover the solvent-exposed HigB active site, suggesting that, in general, toxin inhibition is not solely mediated by active site hindrance by its antitoxin. Each HigA monomer contains a helix-turn-helix motif that binds to its own DNA operator to repress transcription during normal cellular growth. This is distinct from antitoxins belonging to other superfamilies that typically only form DNA-binding motifs upon dimerization. We further show that disruption of the HigB-(HigA)2-HigB tetramer to a HigBA heterodimer ablates operator binding. Taken together, our biochemical and structural studies elucidate the novel molecular details of the HigBA TA system.
Inter-Rater Reliability: Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

A computer program to calculate six different forms of intraclass correlation coefficients is described. The computational formulas used, input preparation and output description are given. The criteria in choosing an appropriate form of the intraclass correlation coefficients are briefly mentioned.
Further purification of "Triton subchloroplast fraction I" (TSF-I particles). Isolation of a cytochrome-free high-P-700 particle and a complex containing cytochromes f and b6, plastocyanin and iron-sulfur protein(s).

Abstract The “Triton Subchloroplast Fraction I” or “TSF-I particles” can be further fractionated into a cytochrome fraction and a P -700-containing fraction essentially free of cytochromes. The cytochrome complex contains cytochromes f and b 6 in approx. equimolar amounts, and, in addition, also plastocyanin and one iron-sulfur protein, all in the bound state. Bound plastocyanin was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. The EPR spectrum of the bound iron-sulfur protein resembles that previously detected in Phostosystem I particles under highly reducing conditions at lower than −560 mV. The redox potential of P -700 in the cytochrome-free high- P -700 particles was measured to be +468 mV; those of cytochromes f and b 6 are +345 and −140 mV, respectively. Among the four components present in the complex, only cytochrome f can be coupled to a Photosystem I particle and undergoes photooxidation. This coupled photooxidation is totally inhibited by KCN and only partially inhibited by HgCl 2 . The similarity of the complex containing cytochromes f and b 6 , plastocyanin, and an iron-sulfur protein to complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory redox chain and a possible involvement of the complex in cyclic photophosphorylation are noted and discussed.
Acute functional recovery of cerebral blood flow after forebrain ischemia in rat

After complete cerebral ischemia, the postischemic blood flow response to functional activation is severely attenuated for several hours. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal extent of the blood flow response in the acute postischemic period after incomplete cerebral ischemia. To investigate the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response in the somatosensory cortex of rat to controlled vibrissae stimulation after transient incomplete ischemia (15-min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion + hypotension), we employed laser speckle imaging combined with statistical parametric mapping. We found that the ischemic insult had a significant impact on the baseline blood flow (P 0.1). However, the time when rCBF response reached its maximum was significantly delayed (P < 0.0001) from 2.4±0.2 secs before ischemia to 3.6±0.1 secs at 20 mins into reperfusion (P < 0.001); the delay was reduced gradually to 2.9±0.2 secs after 3 h, which was still significantly greater than that observed before the insult (P = 0.04).
Explosive Contamination from Substrate Surfaces: Differences and Similarities in Contamination Techniques Using RDX and C-4

Explosive trace detection equipment has been deployed to airports for more than a decade. During this time, the need for standardized procedures and calibrated trace amounts for ensuring that the systems are operating properly and detecting the correct explosive has been apparent but a standard representative of a fingerprint has been elusive. Standards are also necessary to evaluate instrumentation in the laboratories during development and prior to deployment to determine sample throughput, probability of detection, false positive/negative rates, ease of use by operator, mechanical and/or software problems that may be encountered, and other pertinent parameters that would result in the equipment being unusable during field operations. Since many laboratories do not have access to nor are allowed to handle explosives, the equipment is tested using techniques aimed at simulating the actual explosives fingerprint. This laboratory study focused on examining the similarities and differences in three different surface contamination techniques that are used to performance test explosive trace detection equipment in an attempt to determine how effective the techniques are at replicating actual field samples and to offer scenarios where each contamination technique is applicable. The three techniques used were dry transfer deposition of standard solutions using the Transportation Security Laboratory’s (TSL) patented dry transfer techniques (US patent 6470730), direct deposition of explosive standards onto substrates, and fingerprinting of actual explosives onto substrates. RDX was deposited on the surface of one of five substrates using one of the three different deposition techniques. The process was repeated for each substrate type using each contamination technique. The substrate types used were: 50% cotton/50% polyester as found in T-shirts, 100% cotton with a smooth surface such as that found in a cotton dress shirt, 100% cotton on a rough surface such as that found on canvas or denim, suede leather such as might be found on jackets, purses, or shoes, and painted metal obtained from a car hood at a junk yard. The samples were not pre-cleaned prior to testing and contained sizing agents, and in the case of the metal, oil and dirt. The substrates were photographed using a Zeiss Discover V12 stereoscope with Axiocam ICc1 3 megapixel digital camera to determine the difference in the crystalline structure and surface contamination in an attempt to determine differences and similarities associated with current contamination deposition techniques. Some samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and some were extracted and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) to quantify the data.
Metastability and crystal structure of the bialkali complex metal borohydride NaK(BH4)2

Abstract A new bialkali borohydride, NaK(BH4)2, was synthesized by mechanical milling of NaBH4 and KBH4 in a 1:1 ratio. The synthesis was conducted based on a prediction from a computational screening of hydrogen storage materials suggesting the potential stability of NaK(BH4)2. The new phase was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering and magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The Raman measurements indicated B–H vibrations of the BH4− anion, while magnetic resonance chemical shifts in 23Na, and 39K MAS NMR spectra showed new chemical environments for Na and K resulting from the formation of the new bialkali phase. X-ray diffraction spectra indicated a new crystal structure with rhombohedral symmetry, most likely in the space group R3, distinct from the starting materials NaBH4, and KBH4. Although in situ XRD measurements indicated the material to be metastable, decomposing to the starting materials NaBH4 and KBH4, the successful synthesis of NaK(BH4)2 demonstrates the ability of computational screening to predict potential candidates for hydrogen storage materials.
Chemical Nature of the Fluorescent Pigment produced in Microsporum - infected Hair

SINCE Margarot and Deveze1, studying tinea capitis in man, discovered in 1925 that infected hairs would fluoresce upon exposure to ultra-violet light, extensive use has been made of this phenomenon both in diagnosis and in evaluating the progress of therapy. In spite of numerous studies of the properties of the fluorescent pigment2–8, the chemical nature of the fungus metabolite responsible for fluorescence has not been discovered.