cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assigning cells to switches in cellular networks by incorporating a pricing mechanism into Simulated annealing

Handoff and cabling costs play key roles in the design of cellular telecommunications networks. Efficient homing of cells to switches can have a significant impact on each of these costs. In the presence of capacity constraints at the switches, the problem of assigning cells to switches becomes a difficult one to solve, with all effective solution approaches being based on heuristic techniques. This paper presents a hybrid heuristic which integrates ideas from linear programming into a simulated annealing framework. Extensive computational results are presented comparing the performance of the heuristic with the lower bound obtained from the linear programming relaxation. These results indicate that this price influenced simulated annealing (PISA) procedure is extremely efficient, usually providing solutions with gaps around 1% in less than 1 s.
Virulence and persistence of three prototype strains of mumps virus in newborn hamsters.

Neuroadapted mumps virus (NMV) produces widespread central nervous system (CNS) disease and death after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of newborn hamsters. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, NMV causes disseminated disease, moderate mortality and it persists in CNS tissues. Low tissue culture passage isolates of wild mumps virus do not establish CNS infection after i.p. inoculation; after i.c. inoculation they cause limited though persistent infection with little acute mortality. The biological behavior of a highly passaged vaccine strain of mumps virus (Jeryl-Lynn) is more similar to NMV than to the wild strain in its behavior in the newborn hamster.
Copper complexes which catalyze the air oxidation of 4-methyl catechol

Abstract A study of the air oxidation of 4-methyl catechol catalyzed by simple copper-amine complexes was performed in aqueous solutions at pH = 6.5. Simple bi-, tri- and tetra-nitrogen ligands were complexed to Cu 2+ ions. Initial rate kinetics of their catalytic oxidation of 4-methyl catechol was followed optically. Proton NMR linebroadening and optical spectral studies were performed on the Cu 2+ -amine-catechol solutions and these spectral data were correlated with the kinetic studies.
Excimer laser photolysis studies of translational-to-vibrational energy transfer

Abstract A new technique is presented to study translation-to-vibrational (T—V) energy transfer and translationally enhanced reactive events. The method utilizes excimer laser photolysis to produce translationally “hot” atoms and time-resolved infrared detection of specific excited states.
Electron-hole interaction in semiconductors

Abstract The dielectric function that screens the electron-hole interaction in semiconductors has been derived from first principles and is found to differ in an essential way from the usual RPA function.
A variety of differentiability results for a multi-point boundary value problem

The goal of this work is to address differentiability of solutions of a nonlinear dynamic system with multi-point boundary conditions described by xΔ = f(t, x), Σm=1k Mmx(tm) = r, where r ∈ Rn and, for each 1 ≤ m ≤ k, Mm is an n × n constant matrix and tm ∈ T. The solution of this system is defined on a measure chain, T, and xΔ denotes a generalized derivative known as the delta derivative.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: correlation of cellular and immunologic changes with clinical phases of disease.

Many airborne organic antigens in the form of fungal spores and thermophilic bacteria or dander and aerolized proteins can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis after repeated inhalational exposure. Although a syndrome of acute illness often occurs, many people who are exposed and become sensitized can remain asymptomatic. However, immunologic evidence from an analysis of cells and antibodies obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from asymptomatic subjects may indicate an ongoing alveolitis. With chronic illness, which has many characteristics of an interstitial fibrotic pneumonitis, a lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous reaction develop in the lungs. This review emphasizes the immunological changes in the lungs that occur at different phases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and contribute to current concepts about pathogenetic mechanisms.
Lack of Slippage by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Sine Qua Non for Constrictive Pericarditis

A 46-year-old man was intubated because of congestive heart failure exacerbation, and was placed on dopamine/dobutamine for persistent low systolic blood pressure (75 to 85 mm Hg). One year before his mitral valve was replaced, a pacemaker was placed, and he underwent tricuspid valvuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting, all secondary to infective endocarditis. A transthoracic echocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiogram (Figure 1), computed tomography of the chest (Figure 2), and left and right heart catheterization demonstrated normal coronary arteries, left ventricular ejection fraction of 65%, cardiac output of 6 L/min, moderate right ventricular dilatation, no intracardiac or extracardiac shunts, and a thickened pericardium. His catheterization demonstrated no square-root sign, but showed a steep Y descent and normal X descent. A high-risk …
Hippocampal norepinephrine-like voltammetric responses following infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor into the locus coeruleus.

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) increases the activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) assessed by electrophysiological and neurochemical studies. It has been suggested that this effect of i.c.v. CRF is exerted directly on LC noradrenergic (LC-NE) neurons. Infusion of CRF directly into the LC increases cortical and hippocampal release of norepinephrine (NE) as indicated by in vivo microdialysis studies, but the electrophysiological studies have shown both increases and decreases. The present study used in vivo voltammetry to study changes in the extracellular concentrations of NE in the rat hippocampus in response to infusion of CRF (100 ng) into the LC. When the infusion cannula was located in or very close to the LC, the immediate response to CRF was a small decrease in the NE-like oxidation current, followed by a robust increase after about 6-7 min. The oxidation current reached a peak around 13 min and returned to baseline by about 30 min after CRF infusion. By contrast with CRF, infusion of glutamate into the LC increased the oxidation current with a delay of around 30 s and a peak within 90 s. The responses to LC infusion of CRF in rats treated with DSP-4 to deplete hippocampal NE were substantially smaller than those in untreated rats, suggesting that the oxidation signals in untreated rats reflected changes in concentrations of NE. The response to glutamate was markedly augmented by pretreatment with the NE reuptake inhibitor, desmethylimipramine, suggesting that the observed responses reflected changes in NE. Infusion of the same dose of CRF into brain structures outside the LC did not elicit consistent changes in oxidation current in the hippocampus. The time course of the responses to CRF is compatible with previously reported electrophysiological responses of LC-NE neurons to CRF and with neurochemical evidence indicating that CRF can affect the activity of LC-NE neurons. The results indicate that CRF may act in or close to the LC to induce release of hippocampal NE, but the delayed response to CRF compared with that to glutamate, suggests that CRF does not directly activate LC-NE neurons.
Magnetic and mechanical properties of FeNiCoTi magnetic shape memory alloy

FeNiCoTi is a promising candidate to show the magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect in an alloy with a high saturation magnetization and low cost. Material properties in this alloy can be controlled through both composition and heat treatment, and the effects of both have been studied. The effects of Ni3Ti precipitation are explored by subjecting samples to a range aging treatments to control the size and number of precipitates. Ni3Ti precipitates affect martensite transitions and mechanical properties. Samples of various compositions and heat treatments have been tested for microstructural, magnetic, and mechanical properties. Aging treatments have been shown to raise the martensite temperature by as much as 100°C. The phase transformation from austenite to martensite was shown to raise the saturation magnetization from 100 to 150 emu/g.
Performance of multielement CdZnTe detectors

Single-element CdZnTe detectors are limited in size, and therefore efficiency, by the poor hole transport, even with a coplanar grid. We are investigating the possibility of a 27-element array using 15 mm X 15 mm X 15 mm elements for gamma-ray energies to 10 MeV for NASA planetary missions. We present experimental results for combinations of various size coplanar grid detectors using NIM electronics and energies to 6.1 MeV. Summation of the signals after linear gating and requiring coincidence produces only a small increase in the energy resolution. Our results indicate that good efficiency and spectrum not complicated by a large Compton continuum can be achieved by simply summing the spectra from 15 X 15 X 15 mm 3 detectors for gamma-ray energies below about 2 MeV. Above 2 MeV, 2-fold coincidence might be required, depending on the spectrum, to suppress the Compton continuum and escape peaks. We use a Monte Carlo calculation to predict the performance of the 27-elements array for a lunar highlands spectrum. Such ambient-temperature, high-efficiency, good- resolution arrays will facilitate new NASA mission to determine elemental composition of planetary bodies and terrestrial applications requiring high-efficiency, good- resolution portable instruments.
Field independence/dependence, sex, and water levels

College students (333 women and 174 men) were tested to see if they knew that the surface of still water is invariantly horizontal. Participants were assigned randomly to one of five different groups. These groups had different response outlines and explanations of the topic in question. Results showed that women did not make more errors than men in all experimental groups. This finding suggests that women are not necessarily field dependent, as some studies report. Depending upon the amount of instruction and type of response outline, no difference between men and women on this test of cognitive capacity was found.
Internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis: role of membrane orientation

The mechanisms governing internal concentration polarization (ICP) were studied using well-controlled forward osmosis experiments. The relationship between osmotic pressure and water flux was observed across a range of solute concentrations and molecular weights. The effect of membrane orientation on ICP was also studied. Two regimes of ICP — dilutive and concentrative — were described and characterized, and their governing equations were tested. Resistances to solute diffusion within the membrane porous support layer were calculated under each regime and found to be consistent across a wide variety of experimental parameters.
Metabolism of normetanephrine-H3 in rat brain--identification of conjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydrophenylglycol as the major metabolite

Abstract Normetanephrine-H 3 injected into the cisterna magna of rats is rapidly metabolized and disappears from brain with an initial half-life of about 12 min. Monoamine oxidase inhibition prevents almost completely the conversion of normetanephrine-H 3 to other metabolites and markedly diminishes the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from brain ( T 1 2 = 2·4 hr ) . These data show that normetanephrine is normally metabolized primarily by monoamine oxidase and that unaltered normetanephrine does not readily pass out of the brain. Free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) formed from intracisternally injected normetanephrine-H 3 represent only a small fraction of the radioactivity in brain. The major metabolite was identified as the sulfate conjugate of MHPG. After intracisternal administration of norepinephrine-H 3 , 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO 4 ) was also found to be the major metabolite present in brain. These findings suggest that deamination, reduction, and subsequent conjugation with sulfate is the primary route of metabolism of normetanephrine in rat brain and that norepinephrine is also metabolized to this sulfate conjugate.
Direct and Indirect Relations between Perceived Parental Acceptance, Perceptions of the Self, and Emotional Adjustment during Early Adolescence

The direct and indirect relations between perceived parental acceptance, perceptions of the self, and emotional adjustment were examined in a sample of 214 sixth-and seventh-grade students in the fall and the spring of the 1990–1991 academic year. These relations were examined separately by the gender of the adolescent and the parent. Results indicated that adolescent boys were better adjusted than adolescent girls. Boys reported lower levels of anxiety and depression and higher levels of perceived self-worth, athletic competence, and satisfaction with physical appearance than did girls. In addition, findings from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that the direct paths between perceived parental acceptance and emotional adjustment fit better than models including the indirect paths between perceived parental acceptance, self-competence, and emotional adjustment primarily because self-competence wasfound to be unrelated to emotional adjustment. Nonetheless, parental acceptance was found to be consistently related to self-competence, especiallyfor girls.
Latino Parent Involvement and School Success Longitudinal Effects of Formal and Informal Support

This longitudinal study examined the effects of formal (i.e., school-based) and informal (i.e., home-based) Latino parent involvement using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88). Both forms of support were significant predictors of student achievement; the impact of informal support was nearly as great as that of formal support. It was suggested that Latino students benefit from both methods of involvement, and both formal and informal parent involvement should be acknowledged and supported. This study fills a gap in the literature by discussing parent involvement as a multidimensional construct, looking at the effects of parent involvement in a sample of Latino secondary students, and viewing Latino parental involvement as a strength instead of something that is lacking.
A synopsis on metals in medicine and psychiatry

A total of 40 metals are reviewed and summarized to give a general perspective on the metal's two major effects, relevant to medicine and psychiatry in man. These two effects are metal excess (poisoning) and deficiency. These metals are grouped arbitrarily into six categories; (a) The heavy metals, (b) the essential and questionable essential trace elements, (c) the macrominerals, (d) the alkali metals, (e) elements used as therapeutic agents, and (f) miscellaneous elements. The heavy metals are invariably toxic and could be lethal, and no deficiency state has yet been described in man, although arsenic has been postulated to be essential. The essential trace elements are vital to a number of vital physiological and biochemical functions, and newer essential trace elements are to be identified in the future. The recent findings suggest vanadium excess may aggravate the affective symptoms in bipolar affective disorder; selenium may inhibit certain carcinogenesis such as oesophageal cancer; and silicon may inhibit atheromatous formation in the aorta. There is also some suggestion that certain allergic syndromes may be correlated with very low levels of iron, copper, manganese. The study of elements will undoubtedly expand the understanding of disease processes in medicine and psychiatry.
Evidence for internal oxidation during oxygen enhanced crack growth in P/M Ni-based superalloys

Abstract A surface chemistry study on P/M alloys confirmed (a) the preferential oxidation of Nb, Ti, Al and Cr on heated, polished surfaces and (b) the penetration of oxygen ahead of the crack tip during crack growth, leading to the oxidation of Nb, Ti, Al and Cr. These results support previous crack growth enhancement mechanisms for Ni-based superalloys that involve the oxidation of alloy phases ahead of the crack tip.
Fluorescence emission patterns near glass and metal-coated surfaces investigated with back focal plane imaging

Often fluorophores observed by microscopy are located close to a planar surface as in total internal reflection microscopy or single molecule studies. The optical properties of fluorescence excitation and emission near a planar surface (possibly metal film coated) between two dielectrics are well understood from the viewpoint of classical electromagnetic theory. We present an experimental method whereby the angular dependence of the emission pattern of a fluorophore near a bare surface or a metal film coated surface that supports surface plasmon resonance can be measured with microscope optics. The technique involves an alteration of the microscope optics to directly record (on a digital CCD camera) the intensity pattern at the objective's back focal plane, which directly maps the angular emission pattern of fluorescence. The experimental emission profile on both glass and aluminum-coated surfaces is anisotropic with a peak at either the critical angle or both the critical angle and the surface plasmon angle. The observed profiles agree well with computer calculations and suggest some optical modifications that are potentially useful in cell biophysics.
Nuclei from Rat Liver: Isolation Method That Combines Purity with High Yield

A procedure is described that gives almost quantitative separation of clean nuclei from a homogenate of rat liver. It is a modification of methods that use concentrated sucrose solutions rather than citric acid or detergents and, therefore, permits further quantitative fractionation of cytoplasmic components.
Influence of hypoxia on tracer accumulation in squamous-cell carcinoma: In vitro evaluation for PET imaging

Abstract Hypoxic accumulation of 2-[5,6- 3 H]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([ 3 H]FDG),l-[methyl- 3 H]methionine ([ 3 H]MET), and l-[1- 3 H]leucine ([ 3 H]LEU) was evaluated in two cell lines (UT-SCC-5 and UT-SCC-20) obtained from patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Both cell lines were exposed to decreasing oxygen atmosphere (20%, 1.5%, or 0% O 2 ) for 6 h, after which they were incubated for a further 1 h with tritiated FDG, MET, or LEU. An anoxic atmosphere resulted in a mean increase of [ 3 H]FDG uptake of 120% and 46% over a baseline 20% oxygen atmosphere for UT-SCC-5 and UT-SCC-20A, respectively. Both total and acid-precipitable [ 3 H]MET uptake remained unchanged at 0% versus baseline, whereas acid-precipitable [ 3 H]LEU uptake decreased by 46% for UT-SCC-5 and by 34% for UT-SCC-20A at 0% O 2 . Our findings demonstrate that [ 3 H]FDG accumulation is increased in hypoxic UT-SCC cell lines probably through activation of the metabolic steps associated with the glycolytic pathway. The decrease in acid-precipitable [ 3 H]LEU uptake in hypoxia may indicate a decline in protein synthesis, whereas the unchanged [ 3 H]MET uptake probably reflects the unaffected amino acid transport and slow incorporation of radiolabeled methyl group of MET in tumor proteins and nucleic acids. FDG and LEU, but probably not MET, warrant additional study as hypoxia-avid or hypoxia-reduced tracers for assessment of treatment effects designed to modify hypoxia.
MRI isotropic resolution reconstruction from two orthogonal scans

An algorithm for the reconstructions of ISO-resolution volumetric MR data sets from two standard orthogonal MR scans having anisotropic resolution has been developed. The reconstruction algorithm starts by registering a pair of orthogonal volumetric MR data sets. The registration is done by maximizing the correlation between the gradient magnitude using a simple translation-rotation model in a multi-resolution approach. Then algorithm assumes that the individual voxels on the MR data are an average of the magnetic resonance properties of an elongated imaging volume. Then, the process is modeled as the projection of MR properties into a single sensor. This model allows the derivation of a set of linear equations that can be used to recover the MR properties of every single voxel in the SO-resolution volume given only two orthogonal MR scans. Projections on convex sets (POCS) was used to solve the set of linear equations. Experimental results show the advantage of having a ISO-resolution reconstructions for the visualization and analysis of small and thin muscular structures.
α-Synuclein Alters Toll-Like Receptor Expression

Parkinson’s disease, an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neurites, and neuroinflammation. While the exact etiology of sporadic Parkinson’s disease remains elusive, a growing body of evidence suggests that misfolded α-synuclein promotes inflammation and oxidative stress resulting in neurodegeneration. α-Synuclein has been directly linked to microglial activation in vitro and increased numbers of activated microglia have been reported in an α-synuclein overexpressing mouse model prior to neuronal loss. However, the mechanism by which α-synuclein incites microglial activation has not been fully described. Microglial activation is governed in part, by pattern recognition receptors that detect foreign material and additionally recognize changes in homeostatic cellular conditions. Upon proinflammatory pathway initiation, activated microglia contribute to oxidative stress through release of cytokines, nitric oxide, and other reactive oxygen species, which may adversely impact adjacent neurons. Here we show that microglia are directly activated by α-synuclein in a classical activation pathway that includes alterations in the expression of Toll-like receptors. These data suggest that α-synuclein can act as a danger-associated molecular pattern.
An analysis of the polyuria induced by hypophysectomy in man.

Diabetes insipidus has been the subject of extensive animal investigations during the last twenty-five years, but the clinical counterparts of these studies have been few. This is due, not only to the rarity of the disease and its variable pathology, but also the considerable difficulty attending the diagnosis in its milder forms. We have had a unique opportunity to observe the delveolpment of diabets insipidus in several patients who have undergone hypophysectomy for metastatic cancer. We shall discuss the alterations in water exchange following surgery, and some of their physiologic implications.
Interspecific somatic hybrid plants between eggplant (Solanum melongena) and Solanum torvum.

Mesophyll protoplasts of eggplant (cv Black Beauty) and of Solanum torvum (both 2n=2x=24) were fused using a modification of the Menczel and Wolfe PEG/DMSO procedure. Protoplasts post-fusion were plated at 1 × 105/ml in modified KM medium, which inhibited division of S. torvum protoplasts. One week prior to shoot regeneration, ten individual calluses had a unique light-green background and were verified as cell hybrids by the presence of the dimer isozyme patterns for phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Hybridity was also confirmed at the plant stage by DNA-DNA hybridization to a pea 45S ribosomal RNA gene probe. The ten somatic hybrid plants were established in the greenhouse and exhibited intermediate morphological characteristics such as leaf size and shape, flower size, shape, color and plant stature. Their chromosome number ranged from 46–48 (expected 2n=4x=48) and pollen viability was 5%–70%. In vitro shoots taken from the ten hybrid plants exhibited resistance to a verticillium wilt extract. Total DNA from the ten hybrids was restricted and hybridized with a 5.9 kb Oenothera chloroplast cytochrome f gene probe, a 2.4 kb EcoRI clone encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II from maize and a 22.1 kb Sal I mitochondrial clone from Nicotiana sylvestris. Southern blot hybridization patterns showed that eight of ten somatic hybrids contained the eggplant cpDNA, while two plants contained the cpDNA hybridization patterns of both parents. The mtDNA analysis revealed the presence of novel bands, loss of some specific parental bands and mixture of specific bands from both parents in the restriction hybridization profiles of the hybrids.
Remarks on scaling a model of Witten-Sander type

We try to prove rigorously that the perimeter of the large Witten-Sander cluster does not scale as the square root of its area, by making a forced comparison with the ill-posed Hele-Shaw problem of fluid dynamics. The attempt is not completely successful; nevertheless some interesting consequences of the comparison are derived.
Transverse emittance measurements from a photocathode RF gun with variable laser pulse length

Abstract The gun test facility (GTF) at SSRL was started in 1996 to develop an appropriate injector for the proposed linac coherent light source (LCLS) at SLAC. The LCLS design requires the injector to produce a beam with at least 1 nC of charge in a 10 ps or shorter pulse with no greater than 1π mm mrad normalized rms emittance. The photoinjector at the GTF is 1.6 cell S-band symmetrized gun and emittance compensation solenoid. Emittance measurements, reported here, were made as function of laser pulse width using Gaussian longitudinal pulses. The lowest achieved emittance to date with 1 nC of charge is 5.6π mm mrad and was obtained with a pulse width of 5 ps (FWHM) and is in agreement with simulation. There are indications that the accelerator settings for these results may not have been optimal. Simulations also indicate that a normalized emittance meeting the LCLS requirement can be obtained using appropriately shaped transverse and temporal laser/electron beam pulses. Work has begun on producing temporal flat top laser pulses which combined with transverse clipping of the laser is expected to lower the emittance to approximately 1π mm mrad for 1 nC with optimal accelerator settings.
Assessment for self-blame and trauma symptoms during the medical evaluation of suspected sexual abuse

The purpose of this study was to describe behavioural and emotional symptoms and to examine the effect of abuse-related factors, family responses to disclosure, and child self-blame on these symptoms in children presenting for medical evaluations after disclosure of sexual abuse. A retrospective review was conducted of 501 children ages 8-17. Trauma symptoms were determined by two sets of qualitative measures. Abstracted data included gender, ethnicity, and age; severity of abuse and abuser relationship to child; child responses regarding difficulty with sleep, school, appetite/weight, sadness, or self-harm, parent belief in abuse disclosure, and abuse-specific self-blame; responses to the Trauma Symptom Checklist in Children-Alternate; and the parent's degree of belief in the child's sexual abuse disclosure. Overall, 83% of the children had at least one trauma symptom; 60% had difficulty sleeping and one-third had thoughts of self-harm. Child age and abuse severity were associated with 3 of 12 trauma symptoms, and abuse-specific self-blame was associated with 10 trauma symptoms, after controlling for other variables. The children of parents who did not completely believe the initial disclosure of abuse were twice as likely to endorse self-blame as children of parents who completely believed the initial disclosure. Screening for behavioural and emotional problems during the medical assessment of suspected sexual abuse should include assessment of self-blame and family responses to the child's disclosures. In addition, parents should be informed of the importance of believing their child during the initial disclosure of abuse and of the impact this has on the child's emotional response to the abuse.
Accurate characterization of free carrier refraction in InP

Using recently published results of intrinsic and free carrier nonlinear absorption coefficients in InP, nonlinear refraction was investigated at 1.064 μm using ns duration lasers to characterize refraction from generated free carriers. A phase retrieval algorithm was implemented to determine the amplitude and phase profiles of the incident beam. Accurate spatial and temporal profiles of the incident field were used to model nonlinear propagation through and beyond the sample. With the sample held fixed at focus and the incident energy increased, images of the transmitted beam a fixed distance away were recorded as a function of irradiance. Excellent agreement was observed between recorded beam images and those generated from the numerical model.
Significance of comprehensive surgical staging in noninvasive papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the biological behavior of noninvasive papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium. Methods From 1990 to 2001, all women with noninvasive uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) at three Southern California hospitals were identified from tumor registry databases. Data for analysis were collected from hospital charts, office records, and tumor registry files. Results Of the 100 patients diagnosed with UPSC, 16 had noninvasive lesions. Twelve underwent a comprehensive surgical staging procedure with omental resection. Six of these 12 women were found to have disease beyond the uterine corpus, including 4 with adnexal involvement, 3 with omental disease, 2 with cervical extension, 1 with pelvic lymph node involvement, and 3 with positive washings. Three women were found to have positive cytology and metastases in more than one location. Of the 12 patients, 1 of the 6 with stage IA disease had distant recurrence and 4 of the 6 with stage II–IV disease recurred. Of the remaining 4 patients who underwent a staging procedure without pathologic omental assessment, 1 was found to have cervical extension. In these 4 women, 1 with stage IA disease recurred. Conclusion The typical patterns of spread and prognostic factors for endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus do not apply to UPSC. In our series, omental assessment was necessary to detect the 25% of patients with stage IVB disease due to omental involvement. Thus, women with noninvasive UPSC should undergo a comprehensive staging procedure including omental sampling to determine the extent of disease.
Transcellular Diffusion of Non-Electrolytes across the Renal Tubular Epithelium

The stop flow technique was used to investigate the permeability characteristics of the dog nephron to various C14-labeled non-electrolytes. 12 minutes after clamping the ureter, creatinine, PAH, and C14 compound were injected intravenously. 2 minutes later, urine samples were collected. Urea and glycerol were able to enter the tubular urine along the entire nephron at rates which were commensurate with their molecular weights. No significant movement of larger molecules (D-arabinose, D-glucose, and mannitol) could be detected. However, after administration of twenty units of pitressin, D-arabinose was able to diffuse across the distal and proximal tubular epithelium.
A correlation study of the journal article productivity of environmental scientists

Abstract This article examines the publication pattern of environmental scientists in terms of a tendency to remain within one subject area or scatter their production across a broad subject range. A correlation of the hypothesis that environmental scientists tend to publish in multiple subject areas, with the observed data, produced a significantly negative correlation. Possible reasons for this production behavior are discussed.
Gender, ethnicity, and physician-patient communication about depression and anxiety in primary care.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of patient gender and ethnicity on physician–patient communication about depression and anxiety. A data set comprised of audiotapes and transcripts of 383 patients’ primary care visits was analyzed. Depression was brought up during 25% of medical visits. Depression was more likely to be brought up during the visits of patients who rated their emotional health poorly. Female patients and more educated patients were more likely to initiate the discussion. Anxiety was brought up during 29.5% of medical visits. Anxiety was more likely to be brought up during family practice visits and during visits with Asian physicians. Physicians were more likely to ask male patients and patients who had fewer previous visits closed-ended questions about anxiety. Physicians were more likely to ask Hispanic patients and patients who rated their emotional health poorly one or more open-ended questions about anxiety. Female physicians were more likely to counsel patients than male physicians.
MOBILE Matrix: Application of Georgia Statewide Multimodal Transportation Planning Tool for Rural Areas

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE emission rate model is used to evaluate carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter impacts of major transportation projects. Using fleet characteristics, environmental conditions, and on-road operating conditions, MOBILE estimates fleet average emission rates. Coupling projected traffic volumes and physical roadway characteristics yields pollutant mass flux rates with which dispersion models predict downwind pollutant concentrations. Distance-flux relationships may also prove useful in pollutant exposure modeling to help quantify relative environmental risks of living or working near major roadways. Applying the MOBILE model requires the creation and execution of scenario-specific input files, which must be properly structured. Researchers developed the MOBILE-matrix model to facilitate more readily the use of MOBILE emission rates in transportation modeling. The matrix creates large emission rate lookup tables that can be applied...
Posets of shuffles

Abstract We study properties of a lattice order defined on shuffles of subwords of a pair of fixed words.
Top-down and bottom-up diffusion of a scalar in the convective boundary layer

Abstract The vertical diffusion of a passive conservative scalar through the convective PBL is actually the superposition of what we call “top-down” and “bottom up” processes. These component processes are driven by scalar fluxes at the mixed-layer top and bottom. We argue that the vertical asymmetry in the buyoant production of the turbulent kinetic energy should cause the top-down and bottom-up diffusivities to differ. If so, we show that the diffusivity for the total process is poorly behaved; it depends on the scalar flux profile and can have singularities. We present results from large-eddy simulations which confirm that the top-down and bottom-up diffusivities are different, the latter being substantially larger. We present simple parameterizations for these diffusivities and the corresponding mean gradients. The results are useful in “unmixed layer” models and in Fielder' integral closure for scalar flux.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Artemia salina. IV. appearance of nuclear RNA polymerase activity during pre-emergence development of encysted embryos.

Dessicated and encysted gastrulae of the brine shrimp Ariemia salina remain metabolically dormant until they are rehydrated. At this time development resumes, culminating in the hatching of free swimming nauplius larvae. The resumption of embryogenesis provides a convenient system for studying biochemical events which accompany development of a eukaryotic organism, and in particular Artemia has proven useful for studies of the transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Encysted gastrulae of Artemia yielded only trace amounts of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity when crude nuclear pellets were subjected to sonication at high ionic strength. Furthermore, when crude nuclear pellets from encysted gastrulae and developing nauplius larvae were mixed prior to sonication, subsequent solubilization of proteins from the mixture did not yield RNA polymerase activity; sonication of the pellet from nauplii alone resulted in the solubilization of large quantities of RNA polymerases I and II as we have previously found [1]. RNA polymerases I and II were detectable in sonicates of crude nuclear pellets after 1-h incubation of Artemia cysts in sea water. This presents the possibility that dormant gastrulae of the brine shrimp contain RNA polymerase which is inactive, and that the rapid appearance of nuclear enzymatic activity which accompanies the resumption of development may not require de novo synthesis of the polymerase.
On Ravenstein's Edition of Battell's Adventures in Angola and Loango

Between 1590 and ca. 1610 the English sailor Andrew Battell lived in Cen tral Africa, first in Angola until 1606/07 and then in Loango. His reports about these lands are a priceless source for the otherwise poorly document ed history of Angola between ca. 1590-1606, especially since his is the only known eyewitness account about the way of life of the notorious Jaga. He actually lived with one of their bands supposedly for at least twenty months (26-27).1 In addition his account is also one of the very earliest about Loango. Hence modern historians of Angola and Loango have relied extensively on him. They all, myself included, have used the text edition by E.G. Ravenstein of The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh (London, 1901) and did so without referring back to the original docu ments. These are, first Battell's information in Samuel Purchas' Purchas His Pilgrimage, or Relations of the World and the Religions observed in all Ages and Places discovered from the Creation unto the Present (London, 1613), and later, the more detailed "The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell" in Samuel Purchas His Pilgrimes (London, 1625), also known as Hakluytus posthumus after its frontispiece.2 Given the absolute reliance of modern scholars on Ravenstein, it is worthwhile to evaluate its reliability compared to the original publications.
TDP-43 in differential diagnosis of motor neuron disorders

Motor neuron disorders are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous. They can be classified into those that affect primarily upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both. The most common disorder to affect both upper and lower motor neurons is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Some forms of motor neuron disease (MND) affect primarily motor neurons in the spinal cord or brainstem, while others affect motor neurons at all levels of the neuraxis. A number of genetic loci have been identified for the various motor neuron disorders. Several of the MND genes encode for proteins important for cytoskeletal stability and axoplasmic transport. Despite these genetic advances, the relationship of the various motor neuron disorders to each other is unclear. Except for rare familial forms of ALS associated with mutations in superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), which are associated with neuronal inclusions that contain SOD1, specific molecular or cellular markers that differentiate ALS from other motor neuron disorders have not been available. Recently, the TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been shown to be present in neuronal inclusions in ALS, and it has been suggested that TDP-43 may be a specific marker for ALS. This pilot study aimed to determine the value of TDP-43 in the differential diagnosis of MND. Immunohistochemistry for TDP-43 was used to detect neuronal inclusions in the medulla of disorders affecting upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both. Medullary motor neuron pathology also was assessed in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) that had no evidence of MND. TDP-43 immunoreactivity was detected in the hypoglossal nucleus in all cases of ALS, all cases of FTLD-MND and some of cases of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). It was not detected in FTLD-PLS. Surprisingly, sparse TDP-43 immunoreactivity was detected in motor neurons in about 10% of FTLD that did not have clinical or pathologic features of MND. The results suggest that TDP-43 immunoreactivity is useful in differentiating FTLD-MND and ALS from other disorders associated with upper or lower motor neuron pathology. It also reveals subclinical MND in a subset of cases of FTLD without clinical or pathologic evidence of MND.
Beat Tracking by Dynamic Programming

Abstract Beat tracking – i.e. deriving from a music audio signal a sequence of beat instants that might correspond to when a human listener would tap his foot – involves satisfying two constraints. On the one hand, the selected instants should generally correspond to moments in the audio where a beat is indicated, for instance by the onset of a note played by one of the instruments. On the other hand, the set of beats should reflect a locally-constant inter-beat-interval, since it is this regular spacing between beat times that defines musical rhythm. These dual constraints map neatly onto the two constraints optimized in dynamic programming, the local match, and the transition cost. We describe a beat tracking system which first estimates a global tempo, uses this tempo to construct a transition cost function, then uses dynamic programming to find the best-scoring set of beat times that reflect the tempo as well as corresponding to moments of high ‘onset strength’ in a function derived from the audio. Th...
A Place to Call Home : Cultural Understandings of Heir Property among Rural African Americans

Heir property is land held communally by family members of a landowner who has died intestate. Because this informal arrangement does not fit neatly into the individualist-centered, integrated property rights system of the United States, it is viewed by most as a hindrance to economic development and capitalism. We present an alternative framework for analyzing the significance of heir property in the African American community and its constraints. While the consequences of owning land with clouded title are clear-ineligibility for housing programs, inability to secure a mortgage or sell timber, and vulnerability to land loss through partition and tax sales-we argue that a culturally-based understanding of heir property provides insight to why it persists among rural African Americans. Based on personal interviews with heir property owners, lawyers, housing counselors, and county officials, the authors illustrate how heir property is supportive of certain cultural values and meets the needs of a subset of rural populations in ways that other forms of property ownership cannot.
Three-dimensional silicone microfluidic interconnection scheme using sacrificial wax filaments

A very simple room-temperature procedure is presented herein for formation of true three-dimensionality of microplumbing in plastic (silicone elastomer in this case), by molding the plastic to simply encapsulate a pre-formed network of sacrificial wax threads or other connected wax configurations which are ultimately to become micro channels and cavities in the plastic motherboard. When these wax sacrificial areas are etched away with acetone, precise cavities, channels, and capillaries results with direct arbitrary three- dimensionality for the first time. This method leads also to a simple and effective external interconnect scheme where ordinary fused silica tubes may be press-fitted into the surface opening to withstand high pressure. This method may be extended for connection of multiple levels of silicone motherboards together using small sections of fused silica tubing, with no loss of stacking volume because of the lack of any connector lips or bosses. An array of micro channels having circular cross sections with diameters of 100, 150 and 200 microns were molded on silicone elastomer using wax thread. The wax thread was dissolved in acetone after the silicon elastometer became components (motherboards) while being able to control the channel lengths within the stacks as desired. Mixing chambers were also molded in a single silicone elastomer layer, because true three-dimensionality is trivially possible without the complexity of multi stacked lithography.
Spectral characterization and color correction of display colorimeters

— Tristimulus colorimeters commit systematic errors due to their imperfect realization of the CIE color-matching functions. A method is proposed to characterize display colorimeters in a single session using a monochromator independently of any display. Colorimeter spectral responsivity functions are obtained that then serve to predict correction matrices for all the possible displays. Experiments show that this can be done with sufficient accuracy to meet practical requirements.
Initial and Continuing Compliance and the Trade-Off between Monitoring and Control Cost☆

Abstract The trade-off between firm abatement costs and regulatory monitoring costs modeled by Amacher and Malik [ 1 , 2 ] (AM) is reinterpreted, extended, and critiqued in part. The notion of technology is replaced with the quantity of abatement capital, and a constant fine per unit is replaced with a “lump-sum” maximum total fine. Analysis of first- and second-best regulatory situations indicate that the first-best allocation involves a higher capital-to-labor ratio than that which would minimize the firm's costs of meeting the standard. The relationship between initial and continuing compliance is analyzed, the curvature of iso-abatement curves is related to the extent of net cost-saving possible from more capital-intensive abatement, and the effect of a delayed commitment to the pollution standard by the regulator is considered. AM's comparison of pollution taxes versus pollution standards fails to hold up under the modified assumption on fines.
On the characterization of certain point processes

Abstract This paper consists of two parts. First, a characterization is obtained for a class of infinitely divisible point processes on R × R ′ + = (−∞, ∞) × (0, ∞) . Second, the result is applied to identify the weak limit of the point process Nn with points (j/n, un−1 (ξj)), j = 0, ±1, ±2, …, where {ξj} is a stationary sequence satisfying a certain mixed conditio Δ, and {un} is a sequence of non-increasing functions on (0, ∞) such that lim n→∞ P { max 1⩽ j ⩽ n ξ i ⩽u n (τ)}=τe −τ , τ>0 This application extends a result of Mori [14], which assumes that {ξj} is α-mixing, and that the distribution of max1⩽j⩽j ξj can be linearly normalized to converge to a maximum stable distribution.
Colchicine competitively antagonizes glycine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Ligand-gated ion channel association with the cytoskeleton may play an important role in receptor distribution and function. However, the microtubule depolymerizing agent, colchicine, has inhibitory effects on glycine receptors that are independent of microtubule depolymerization. The actions of colchicine and other microtubule-modifying drugs were examined on glycine alpha1 and alpha2 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The potency of colchicine was much greater in alpha2 than alpha1 receptors, with IC50s of approximately 64 and 324 microM in alpha2 and alpha1 receptors, respectively. Colchicine inhibition of receptor function was instantaneous. Pre-incubation with colchicine failed to enhance its inhibition, and washout of colchicine's inhibition could be observed in 30 s. Incubation of oocytes on ice for 2 h to depolymerize microtubules failed to alter colchicine's antagonism of glycine receptors. Taxol, a microtubule polymerizing agent, and nocodazole, a depolymerizing drug, had no effect on receptor function when co-applied with glycine. The antagonism of glycine-mediated currents by colchicine (100-600 microM) was competitive. Thus, the action of colchicine at the agonist recognition site of the glycine receptor suggests that this drug should be used with care when studying microtubule-associated changes in ligand-gated ion channel function.