cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMPORTANCE OF THE NUCLEAR DENSITY DISTRIBUTION ON PRE-EQUILIBRIUM DECAY.

A Thomas-Fermi approach is used to investigate the importance of the nuclear density distribution on pre-equilibrium decay. Two different density-dependent phenomena are pointed out, and both are shown to be equally important in modifying and improving pre-equilibrium decay predictions with respect to earlier models in which average density distributions were assumed.
Brachial artery vasomotion and transducer pressure effect on measurements by active contour segmentation on ultrasound

Purpose: To use feed-forward active contours (snakes) to track and measure brachial artery vasomotion on ultrasound images recorded in both transverse and longitudinal views; and to compare the algorithm's performance in each view. Methods: Longitudinal and transverse view ultrasound image sequences of 45 brachial arteries were segmented by feed-forward active contour (FFAC). The segmented regions were used to measure vasomotion artery diameter, cross-sectional area, and distention both as peak-to-peak diameter and as area. ECG waveforms were also simultaneously extracted frame-by-frame by thresholding a running finite-difference image between consecutive images. The arterial and ECG waveforms were compared as they traced each phase of the cardiac cycle. Results: FFAC successfully segmented arteries in longitudinal and transverse views in all 45 cases. The automated analysis took significantly less time than manual tracing, but produced superior, well-behaved arterial waveforms. Automated arterial measurements also had lower interobserver variability as measured by correlation, difference in mean values, and coefficient of variation. Although FFAC successfully segmented both the longitudinal and transverse images, transverse measurements were less variable. The cross-sectional area computed from the longitudinal images was 27% lower than the area measured from transverse images, possibly due to the compression of the artery along the image depthmore » by transducer pressure. Conclusions: FFAC is a robust and sensitive vasomotion segmentation algorithm in both transverse and longitudinal views. Transverse imaging may offer advantages over longitudinal imaging: transverse measurements are more consistent, possibly because the method is less sensitive to variations in transducer pressure during imaging.« less
Non-word speech in discourse: a strategy for language development

This paper is an attempt to use the language development strategy of one child from 15 to 25 months to illustrate the importance of the nonword aspects of communicative development on the develop ment of later language. The child studied here did not show an increase in MLU from 15 to 22 months but within a three-month period after 22 months jumped from 1.2 to 3.0 MLU. This spurt is explain in terms of the other aspects of communication the child was acquiring over the time frame, including social games, intonation, and syntax markers. The strategy of this child was described as a social interactive one which focused on the structural features of the dialogue, rather than on words.
Novo-G: At the Forefront of Scalable Reconfigurable Supercomputing

The Novo-G supercomputer's architecture can adapt to match each application/s unique needs and thereby attain more performance with less energy than conventional machines. Reconfigurable computing can provide solutions for domain scientists at a fraction of the time and cost of traditional servers or supercomputers. As we describe here, the Novo-G machine, applications, research forum, and preliminary results are helping to pave the way for scalable reconfigurable computing.
A framework for designing intelligent task-oriented augmented reality user interfaces

A task-oriented space can benefit from an augmented reality interface that layers the existing tools and surfaces with useful information to make cooking more easy, safe and efficient. To serve experienced users as well as novices, augmented reality interfaces need to adapt modalities to the user's expertise and allow for multiple ways to perform tasks. We present a framework for designing an intelligent user interface that informs and choreographs multiple tasks in a single space according to a model of tasks and users. A residential kitchen has been outfitted with systems to gather data from tools and surfaces and project multi-modal interfaces back onto the tools and surfaces themselves. Based on user evaluations of this augmented reality kitchen, we propose a system to tailor information modalities based on the spatial and temporal qualities of the task, and the expertise, location and progress of the user. The intelligent augmented reality user interface choreographs multiple tasks in the same space at the same time.
Expanding the Role of Employers in Supported Employment.

Since the Workforce 2000 report documenting labor trends and issues was released by the Hudson Institute in 1987, business and industry have been reevaluating how support is provided to employees. Employee assistance programs, renewed investment in training, and other accommodations for an increasingly diverse workforce present an unparalleled opportunity to bring supported employment technology, values, and systems to contemporary business. This paper is an initial attempt at reconceptualizing supported employment and the role of employers in providing support. Changing strategies and future research questions that may need to be addressed are discussed.
Mean concentration and flux profiles for chemically reactive species in the atmospheric surface layer

We use Monin-Obukhov similarity theory to study the vertical structure of turbulent fluxes and concentrations of reactive species in the surface layer. A surface layer flux-gradient relation that includes first and second-order chemical reactions is derived from the flux budgets. The theory is then applied specifically to the O3-NO-NO2 photochemical reaction triad. In this case it is found that the non-reactive flux-gradient relation usually suffices, but that chemical reactions can seriously alter the surface layer turbulent flux and mean concentration profiles. It is demonstrated that six observations of fluxes or concentrations are necessary to determine the surface fluxes when reactions are significant. Significant deviations from the predicted nonreactive flux are found to be quite plausible for NOx levels characteristic of moderately polluted air.
Induction and effector functions of T H 17 cells

T helper (T(H)) cells constitute an important arm of the adaptive immune system because they coordinate defence against specific pathogens, and their unique cytokines and effector functions mediate different types of tissue inflammation. The recently discovered T(H)17 cells, the third subset of effector T helper cells, have been the subject of intense research aimed at understanding their role in immunity and disease. Here we review emerging data suggesting that T(H)17 cells have an important role in host defence against specific pathogens and are potent inducers of autoimmunity and tissue inflammation. In addition, the differentiation factors responsible for their generation have revealed an interesting reciprocal relationship with regulatory T (T(reg)) cells, which prevent tissue inflammation and mediate self-tolerance.
Bromobenzene-induced zonal necrosis in the hepatic acinus

The time course and acinar distribution of bromobenzene-induced hepatic necrosis was studied in the rat. Cellular damage, lipid infiltration, and changes in glycogen deposits were investigated by light microscopy 6, 16, 24, and 48 hr after bromobenzene (BZ) administration. Concomitantly, ultrastructural changes were followed by electron microscopy in each zone of the acinus. To insure accurate orientation in acinar zones, a double embedding technique for electron microscopy was used. Acinar zones were localized by light microscopy and subsequently re-embedded for electron microscopy. Zone 3 was the site of conformational changes in smooth endoplasmic reticulum 6 hr after BZ administration. This condensed, tubular network represented the earliest morphological sign of injury observed by electron microscopy. At 48 hr, cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration and necrosis were observed in the hepatocytes of acinar zone 3. While no necrosis was observed in the cells of zone 1, other morphological changes occurred. These included progressive lipid accumulation, as well as fluctuations in the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. These latter observations suggested a possible link between protein manufacture and survival of the zone 1 cells. These results established that, following bromobenzene administration, necrosis was restricted to zone 3 hepatocytes.
Creativity, lateral saccades and the nondominant hemisphere.

ABSTRACT: Eye-movements of mathematicians during reflection indicate that rightward movement is associated with symbolic thinking and leftward movement with visual thinking. Left-movers may also be more creative.
Peripheral nervous system demyelination with herpes simplex virus

Inoculation of the cornea or footpad with herpes simplex virus Type I (HSV) has been shown to produce subsequent encephalitis or myelitis respectively. Although Schwann cells become infected, there is no destruction or demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Demyelination only occurs in the central nervous system. Previous studies have shown that the Schwann cells infected with HSV do not produce enveloped viral particles. The studies presented here demonstrate that microinjection of HSV into the sciatic nerve of mice causes focal mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination seven days after injection. The Schwann cells in this model produced enveloped virus. These studies demonstrate that when HSV is introduced into the extracellular space of the PNS, demyelination occurs.
Some aspects of the interpersonal phenomenology of heterosexual dyads with respect to sex-role stereotypes

A technique based upon recently developed Boolean calculi for interpersonal phenomenology was used to study sex-role attributions within 59 heterosexual dyads. The interpersonal and intrapersonal variables studied include perceived similarity, validation of self-concept, expectations of agreement, feelings of being understood, predictions that the partner expects agreement, understanding, accurate perception of understanding/misunderstanding, and accurate perception of expectations on agreement/disagreement. All variables were studied in relation to each member of the dyad and in relation to male and female sex-role stereotypes. Analyses of all variables are consistent with two conclusions: (1) Phenomenal disparity in a relationship is more likely to be generated around male sex-role stereotypes than around female sex-role stereotypes; (2) phenomenal disparity in a relationship is most likely to occur in connection with counter-sex-role attributions to the female. Increased uncertainty regarding counter-sex-role attributions about women and lowered validation of self-concept for women who adopt counter-sex-role attributes are shown to contribute to these effects. These conclusions are seen as a reflection of an asymmetry which seems to be consistent in the literature: Counter-sex-role choices and attitudes seem to be less discordant for males than for females in this culture. Evidence of this asymmetry is discussed.
Interstitial flow drives CXCR4-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion

The mechanism of flow-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion is examined in this study. The concept of autologous chemotaxis drives the focus on utilizing 3-D microenvironments to mimic and better understand the mechanism behind invasion in cancer cells. Invasion assays utilizing Boyden chambers containing a Matrigel/Type I rat tail collagen matrix simulates a 3-D microenvironment. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Huh7 and MHCC97H displayed significant invasion due to interstitial flow. The increased presence of chemokine receptor CXCR4 is examined in two HCC cell lines: HepG2 and Huh7. These results support the claim that CXCR4 plays a role in cancer cell invasion and could potentially serve to better understand the mechanism of how interstitial flow increases HCC cell invasion.
War, Changing Patterns of Warfare, State Collapse, and Transnational Violence in Afghanistan: 1978–2001

The war in Afghanistan was one of the most brutal and long lasting conflicts of the second half of the twentieth century. Anthropologists specializing in Afghanistan who wrote about the war at the time reiterated the United State's Cold War rhetoric rather than provide objective analyses. Others ignored the war altogether. What happened in Afghanistan, and why, and the need for objective reassessments only came to mind after the September 11th attacks. This paper examines the genesis and various permutations of the Afghan war in terms of causal dynamics embedded in the broader interstate relations of the world system and its competing military complexes during the second half of the twentieth century and changes in that system in the post-Cold War period.
Prevention of sensory disorders in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats by aldose reductase inhibition or treatment with ciliary neurotrophic factor

Aims/hypothesis Sensory neuropathy in diabetic patients frequently presents itself as progressive loss of thermal perception, while some patients describe concurrent spontaneous pain, allodynia or hyperalgesia. Diabetic rats develop thermal hypoalgesia and tactile allodynia by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether sensory disorders in rats were related to glucose metabolism by aldose reductase. We also explored the therapeutic potential of exogenous neurotrophic factors.
The predatory strike of the praying mantis, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis

Abstract Analyses of time-lapse video recordings of free-moving, seven-(last larval) instar and adult praying mantids, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Sauss.) of both sexes have revealed that this insect's predatory strike is more variable than has been reported for preparations that are tethered or restricted in their movements. Differences were found in four aspects of prey-catching behaviour. Compared to tethered or movement restricted preparations, free-moving T. sinensis initiate strikes from both longer and shorter mantis-prey distances, lunge over a wider range of distances, and can capture prey at shorter mantis-prey distances. Further, free-moving T. sinensis can successfully capture prey which is initially struck by the tibia as well as the femur. These findings increase our understanding both of mantis hunting behaviour, and the mechanical limitations of the mantis' raptorial forelegs.
Differences in the substrate spectrum of extracellular enzymes in shallow lakes of differing trophic status

Organic matter fluxes and food web interactions in lakes depend on the abilities of heterotrophic microbial communities to access and degrade organic matter, a process that begins with extracellular hydrolysis of high molecular weight substrates. In order to determine whether patterns of enzymatic hydrolysis vary among shallow lakes of different trophic status, we investigated the hydrolysis of six specific organic macromolecules (polysaccharides) in the spring and late summer in four adjacent shallow lakes of eutrophic, oligotrophic, and dystrophic status in coastal North Carolina, USA. The spectrum of enzyme activities detected differed strongly between lakes, with all six polysaccharides hydrolyzed in West Mattamuskeet in May, while only two substrates were hydrolyzed in Lake Phelps in August/September. Differences in the spectrum of enzyme activities, and therefore the capabilities of heterotrophic microbial communities, were likely driven by variations among lakes in primary productivity patterns, sediment–water interactions, and/or water chemistry. Our data represent a first step towards a better understanding of carbon substrate availability and differences in carbon cycling pathways in shallow lakes of different trophic status.
The stochastic control of process capability indices

In manufacturing science, process capability indices play a role analogous to economic indices in government statistics. The existing capability indices are passive devices whose main role is to retroactively monitor process capability. The have been developed under the restrictive assumption of process stability, and the procedures for using them are based on ad hoc rules. Using the normative point of view for decision making, it can be shown that some of the indices are, at best, convoluted special cases of a more general strategy; they can be justified only under special assumptions, and the manner in which they are currently used could lead to incoherent actions. The available process capability indices should therefore be abandoned and replaced by procedures that are normative, and also proactive with respect to both, prediction and control. An approach towards achieving this goal is proposed.
Seasonal immune function and sickness responses.

Winter is a particularly difficult time to breed and survive. Animals monitor day length (photoperiod) to engage seasonally appropriate adaptations in anticipation of harsh winter conditions. I propose that photoperiodic information, mediated by melatonin, might also influence immune responses. Individuals could improve survival if seasonally recurring stressors were anticipated and countered. Recent studies suggest that short day lengths reroute energy from reproduction and growth to bolster immune function during winter. Short days can either enhance or suppress components of immune function, as well as reduce fever and the expression of sickness behaviors. The net result of these photoperiod-mediated adjustments is enhanced immune function and increased survival. Melatonin appears to be part of an integrated system that coordinates reproductive, immunological and other processes to cope successfully with energetic stressors during winter and to balance trade-offs between reproductive success and survival.
An analytical formulation underpinning the precipitous drop and asymptotic values observed in measured virtual or dynamic filter transmission factors as they fall with segmentation widths of the photon beam modulating collimator

When a shielding jaw or multiple leaf collimator (MLC) traverses across an X-ray field, it modulates the field photon intensity, thereby inducing dose distribution patterns in cross-beam profiles usually termed dynamic (DW) or virtual wedges (VW), or virtual filter for intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT). Measured virtual filtration or transmission factors have, unlike those of conventional metals, exhibited rapid drops with modulated field sizes and at times, shown a discontinuity in the transmission when the stepping segmental width is altered amid modulation. We formulated a generalized analytical virtual transmission factor VTF/sub /spl Delta// for a modulated photon beam irrespective of the accelerator (Varian, Siemens, Philips-Elekta) schemes of modulation. WTF/sub /spl Delta// equals a time integral of TR/sub p/(t) plus GR/sub s/(t), and respectively, are the filter modulation primary fraction and the scatter gradient. The modulation duration t or equivalently, is the accumulating counts of partial monitor units (MU). When tested against actual segmental treatment tables (SST Varian), the stated virtual transmission equation reproduced acceptably the measured (DW) factors and predicted their downward trends in the 6 MV photon beams with 60/spl deg/ and 45/spl deg/ DW filters. Further, it is shown that upon taking the primary fraction as the integrated MU-step function /spl delta/, and taking the number (n) of the modulating collimator steps to infinity n/spl rarr//spl infin/, one has the analytical virtual transmission approach the asymptotic value limit VTF/sub /spl Delta//(n/spl rarr//spl infin/)= 1/2 . This corollary theorem is shown supported by (Varian DW) virtual transmission factors as they taper to 0.48 and 0.51 experimental values.
Electrophysiological correlates of complement coercion

This study examined the electrophysiological correlates of complement coercion. ERPs were measured as participants read and made acceptability judgments about plausible coerced sentences, plausible noncoerced sentences, and highly implausible animacy-violated sentences ("The journalist began/wrote/astonished the article before his coffee break"). Relative to noncoerced complement nouns, the coerced nouns evoked an N400 effect. This effect was not modulated by the number of possible activities implied by the coerced nouns (e.g., began reading the article; began writing the article) and did not differ either in magnitude or scalp distribution from the N400 effect evoked by the animacy-violated complement nouns. We suggest that the N400 modulation to both coerced and animacy-violated complement nouns reflected different types of mismatches between the semantic restrictions of the verb and the semantic properties of the incoming complement noun. This is consistent with models holding that a verb's semantic argument structure is represented and stored at a distinct level from its syntactic argument structure. Unlike the coerced complement noun, the animacy-violated nouns also evoked a robust P600 effect, which may have been triggered by the judgments of the highly implausible (syntactically determined) meanings of the animacy-violated propositions. No additional ERP effects were seen in the coerced sentences until the sentence-final word that, relative to sentence-final words in the noncoerced sentences, evoked a sustained anteriorly distributed positivity. We suggest that this effect reflected delayed attempts to retrieve the specific event(s) implied by coerced complement nouns.
SRC64 Regulates the Localization of a Tec-Family Kinase Required for Drosophila Ring Canal Growth

Mutation of the Src64 gene of Drosophila results in ovarian ring canal defects and reduced female fertility. We used a dosage-sensitive modifier screen to search for downstream components of the SRC64 signaling pathway. We show that mutations affecting Tec29, an essential gene encoding a member of the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases, dominantly enhance the Src64 ring canal phenotype. Loss of Tec29 function in the female germline results in a phenotype strikingly similar to that caused by the loss of Src64 function. In each case, the ring canals are reduced in size and phosphotyrosine content. We further demonstrate that TEC29 localizes to the ring canal, and this subcellular localization requires Src64 function. These data suggest that TEC29 is a downstream target of SRC64, and that regulating TEC29 localization during ring canal growth may be a crucial SRC64 function.
High in the cold, thin air: risks and benefits

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to familiarize health professionals with the clinical manifestations of illness encountered by healthy subjects upon acute exposure to high altitude. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) consists of mild (headache, lethargy, anorexia) and severe (pulmonary and cerebral edema) forms which are probably a continuum of the adverse effects of hypoxia. The former occurs usually at more than 6000 feet, and is self-limited with rest and analgesia; the latter occurs at more than 12,000 feet, can be rapidly fatal, and must be treated with descent and/or oxygen. Acetazolamide may provide prophylaxis for mild symptoms; Lasix and morphine should not be used for severe AMS unless close monitoring is available. The etiology of AMS is not clear but may be related to one's ventilatory response or the response of the pulmonary and cerebral vasculature to hypoxia.
Component-Based Design in Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

Component-based design for real-time systems has primarily focused upon integrating subsystems upon single processor platforms. In this paper, we propose an abstraction for components with real-time requirements co-executing upon a multiprocessor platform. We show this abstraction may be efficiently computed and integrated into known schedulability tests from multiprocessor platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our proposed abstraction and highlight some areas of future research for component-based design for multiprocessor real-time systems.
Action Research and the Professional Development of Graduate Teaching Assistants

The dominant approach to second language (L2) teacher education emphasizes reflection as a tool for helping teachers develop context-specific, personal theories of L2 teaching. Educators can facilitate reflection by involving teachers in action research. This small-scale study investigated whether carrying out action research as part of a graduate seminar affected the professional development of graduate teaching assistants (TAs) who were teaching in foreign and second language departments. Insights into the TAs' professional development were gained through a qualitative analysis of their professional journals, reflective essays, action research reports, and oral and written feedback. The findings indicated that the TAs gained a broader understanding of research, developed an appreciation for peer collaboration, and adopted new L2 teaching practices. Suggestions for L2 teacher educators with an interest in incorporating action research into their graduate degree programs are offered.
Early identification of mildly retarded children.

This paper presents the preliminary findings of a longitudinal study entitled Early Identification of Mild Retardation in the First Three Years of Life. The study has accomplished the following (1) to identify a group of mildly retarded youngsters in the absence of specific physical signs; (2) to collect longitudinal information about these children, and (3) to delineate three specific types of counseling which may aid in the special problems in rearing the slow child.
Teaching Money Skills to Individuals with Mental Retardation A Research Review with Practical Applications

A review of the research literature was conducted for all studies that taught money skills or the use of money to individuals with mental retardation. From this review, 43 studies were identified that provided instruction for individuals with mild, moderate, or severe mental retardation. Most studies taught money skills in the context of making purchases or classroom instruction on money computation. From this research synthesis, guidelines are offered for research and practice.
Quantifying Discipline Practices Using Absolute Versus Relative Frequencies: Clinical and Research Implications for Child Welfare

In the parent intervention outcome literatures, discipline practices are generally quantified as absolute frequencies or, less commonly, as relative frequencies. These differences in methodology warrant direct comparison as they have critical implications for study results and conclusions among treatments targeted at reducing parental aggression and harsh discipline. In this study, we directly compared the absolute frequency method and the relative frequency method for quantifying physically aggressive, psychologically aggressive, and nonaggressive discipline practices. Longitudinal data over a 3-year period came from an existing data set of a clinical trial examining the effectiveness of a psychosocial treatment in reducing parental physical and psychological aggression and improving child behavior (N = 139). Discipline practices (aggressive and nonaggressive) were assessed using the Conflict Tactics Scale. The two methods yielded different patterns of results, particularly for nonaggressive discipline strategies. We suggest that each method makes its own unique contribution to a more complete understanding of the association between parental aggression and intervention effects.
Mitigating demand uncertainty across a winery's sales channels through postponement

Wineries must allocate production across multiple sales channels before demand is known. Misallocation may result in undesirable surpluses in some channels and lost sales opportunities in others. We investigate this problem by constructing a mathematical model for postponing channel differentiation. We provide a process overview for a winery and present a two-stage stochastic linear program with fixed recourse that maximises expected profit over a distribution of demand scenarios. In the first stage, the winery allocates production to finished goods by channel and to intermediate inventory points. Once demand is known, recourse variables include transformation of intermediate inventories. Results from solving this model using a mix of data derived from interviews and literature review suggests that a considerable portion of production should be held at both the labelling and packaging level and can lead to significant improvement in product profitability. We investigate how different product configuration...
A Tunable Helmholtz Resonator for Active Noise Control

In this study, a tunable Helmholtz resonator is proposed for active noise cancelation in a primary acoustic system. In the tunable Helmholtz resonator, the resonator’s top wall is replaced by a flexible membrane and four actuators are mounted on the side of the resonator. These actuators are connected to the membrane in order to tune its radial force (tension) by pulling or releasing the membrane during the operation. This causes the resonant frequency of the modified Helmholtz resonator to change due to the change in the membrane tension. The maximum noise attenuation is achieved when the the resonant frequency of the active resonator matches with the noise frequency in the primary system. In this paper, first mathematical modeling is used to derive nonlinear coupled differential equations for the tunable Helmholtz resonator with the membrane. The differential equations were linearized to obtain an analytical formulation for the resonant frequency of the tunable resonator in terms of the membrane tension. The analytical formulation for the resonant frequency was verified via simulation of the original nonlinear differential equations. Finally, to demonstrate the validity of the mathematical modeling of the tunable resonator, experimental results are provided.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Application of Multivariate Methods to Evaluate the Functionality of Bovine- and Vegetable-Derived Magnesium Stearate

This work distinguishes and quantifies the effects of bovine- and vegetable-derived magnesium stearate (MgSt) molecular and macroscopic properties on lubrication efficiency using multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-square regression (PLS) were used to evaluate and quantify the lubricant effectiveness on a model tablet formulation. PCA score and loading plots showed a separation of model formulations based on the MgSt sources, which indicated different bovine- and vegetable-derived MgSt lubrication potential. PLS quantified the MgSt molecular [enthalpy of dehydration (ΔHd), enthalpy of melting (ΔHm), percent crystallinity, and moisture content] and macroscopic [particle size (d50 ), specific surface area (SSA-MgSt), and MgSt Hausner ratio (HF-MgSt)] properties, their interactions, and square effects on formulation powder flow and tableting properties relating to MgSt's lubrication effectiveness. For crystalline MgSt, moisture content, HF-MgSt, d50 , and SSA-MgSt showed a major influence on the lubrication efficiency compared with the other MgSt molecular properties (percent crystallinity, ΔHm, and ΔHd). Amorphous MgSt showed poor lubrication, and none of its molecular or macroscopic properties showed significant effects on lubrication efficiency.
Gesture supports children's word learning (†).

This review paper, based on a keynote address to the 2007 Speech Pathology Australia National Conference, summarizes three recent research studies that pertain to gesture as an intervention tool. Specifically, the research concerns the utility of gestured input as a scaffold to children's comprehension of—and hence learning of—spoken words. The research is framed within the Emergentist Coalition Model. In Booth, McGregor, and Rohlfing we found evidence that toddlers of 28 – 30 months exploited both the attentional and intentional bases of gesture when fast mapping new words. In Capone and McGregor, toddlers of a similar age exploited representational gesture as a cue to linguistic meaning during both fast mapping and slow mapping stages of word learning. In McGregor and Capone we demonstrated that representational gestures are also useful for at-risk children who are acquiring an early lexicon. The overall purpose of this review paper is to motivate research efforts aimed at clinical applications of the g...
Side-to-side and end-to-side anastomosis in partial gastrectomy and hemicolectomy using the EEA stapler

We have described a new technique for side-to-side gastrojejunostomy as performed in Billroth II gastrectomy and for end-to-side ileocolostomy after right hemicolectomy utilizing the EEA stapler. By introducing the stapler through the area to be resected, we eliminated the need to close insertion enterostomies. This stapling technique also reduces the hazards and complications associated with multiple pursestring sutures normally required for end-to-end anastomosis with the EEA stapler, since, at most, one such suture is used. With minor modifications, the surgical technique can be applied to other operations in the alimentary tract, thus enhancing the utility of the EEA surgical stapler.
Archaeologies of Sovereignty

Archaeology has long sublimated an account of the political into a series of proxy concepts such as cities, civilizations, chiefdoms, and states. Recently, however, the archaeology of political association has been revitalized by efforts to forward a systematic account of the political, attentive to the creation and maintenance of sovereignty in practical negotiations between variously formalized authorities and a publically specified community of subjects. This new, and largely inchoate, archaeology of sovereignty has pushed the field to attend to the practical production of political regimes and the material mediations that articulate authorities and subjects. This review is intended to highlight the latent principles that draw this dispersed literature into a shared archaeological concern with sovereignty by sketching the intellectual crises that created the space for its emergence and the key concepts that orient current research. Taken together, the works discussed here point to a new concern with th...
Theoretical and experimental intravascular gas embolism absorption dynamics

Multifocal cerebrovascular gas embolism occurs frequently during cardiopulmonary bypass and is thought to cause postoperative neurological dysfunction in large numbers of patients. We developed a mathematical model to predict the absorption time of intravascular gas embolism, accounting for the bubble geometry observed in vivo. We modeled bubbles as cylinders with hemispherical end caps and solved the resulting governing gas transport equations numerically. We validated the model using data obtained from video-microscopy measurements of bubbles in the intact cremaster microcirculation of anesthetized male Wistar rats. The theoretical model with the use of in vivo geometry closely predicted actual absorption times for experimental intravascular gas embolisms and was more accurate than a model based on spherical shape. We computed absorption times for cerebrovascular gas embolism assuming a range of bubble geometries, initial volumes, and parameters relevant to brain blood flow. Results of the simulations demonstrated absorption time maxima and minima based on initial geometry, with several configurations taking as much as 50% longer to be absorbed than would a comparable spherical bubble.
The Preventable Admissions Care Team (PACT): A Social Work–Led Model of Transitional Care

In 2010, the Preventable Admissions Care Team (PACT), a social work-led transitional care model, was developed at Mount Sinai to reduce 30-day readmissions among high-risk patients. PACT begins with a comprehensive bedside assessment to identify the psychosocial drivers of readmission. In partnership with the patient and family, a patient-centered action plan is developed and carried out through phone calls, accompaniments, navigations and home visits, as needed, in the first 30 days following discharge. 620 patients were enrolled during the pilot from September 2010-August 2012. Outcomes demonstrated a 43% reduction in inpatient utilization and a 54% reduction in emergency department visits among enrollees. In addition, 93% of patients had a follow-up appointment within 7-10 days of discharge and 90% of patients attended the appointment. The success of PACT has led to additional funding from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services under the Community-based Care Transitions Program and several managed care companies seeking population health management interventions for high risk members.
Clean-Up of Nuclear Weapons Facilities

The aftermath of the nuclear weapons programme is considerable environmental damage caused by 50 years of nuclear experimentation and production that took place under conditions unacceptable according to modern environmental standards. Since the end of the Cold War in 1989, considerable resources have been expended in evaluating and prioritising this damage. This paper examines the tools available for meeting modern environmental clean-up criteria and presents examples of successful remedial actions.
War Adjustments for American Agriculture

The adjustments American agriculture should make to meet the impacts of war-time conditions, depends, of course, upon those war-time conditions. To just what is agriculture expected to adjust? This is another case where the diagnosis is far more difficult than the prescription. The nature, and the extent, of the economic melange likely to come out of this war depends, largely, upon a combination of unknowns. If one is to hazard an opinion upon the probable effects of war upon agriculture, one must attempt to weigh these unknowns. Obviously, any conclusions one may make implies answers to such questions as: 1. The length of the war. Will it last one, two, three, or more years? 2. The number and size of the nations involved. Will it spread to countries other than those now engaged? And, more important perhaps from the standpoint of the subject under discussion, will one side or other dominate the seas? 3. The role to be played by the United States? Will we be confined to that of a "cash and carry" supplier? Are we likely to enter as a belligerent? These are a few of the questions that must be faced. It embarrasses me to confess that I do not know the answers. Furthermore, I do not intend to construct a network of evidence in an attempt to furnish the answers. I shall simply adopt some scantily supported assumptions and proceed on my way. These assumptions
Design optimization of thin-film/wafer-based tandem junction solar cells using analytical modeling

Several research groups are developing solar cells of varying designs and materials that are high efficiency as well as cost competitive with the single junction silicon (Si) solar cells commercially produced today. One of these solar cell designs is a tandem junction solar cell comprised of perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) and silicon (Si). Loper et al.1 was able to create a 13.4% efficient tandem cell using a perovskite top cell and a Si bottom cell, and researchers are confident that the perovskite/Si tandem cell can be optimized in order to reach higher efficiencies without introducing expensive manufacturing processes. However, there are currently no commercially available software capable of modeling a tandem cell that is based on a thin-film based bottom cell and a wafer-based top cell. While PC1D2 and SCAPS3 are able to model tandem cells comprised solely of thin-film absorbers or solely of wafer-based absorbers, they result in convergence errors if a thin-film/wafer-based tandem cell, such as the perovskite/ Si cell, is modeled. The Matlab-based analytical model presented in this work is capable of modeling a thin-film/wafer-based tandem solar cell. The model allows a user to adjust the top and bottom cell parameters, such as reflectivity, material bandgaps, donor and acceptor densities, and material thicknesses, in order to optimize the short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and quantum efficiency of the tandem solar cell. Using the Matlab-based analytical model, we were able optimize a perovskite/Si tandem cell with an efficiency greater than 30%.
MS1-2: Tumor Entrained Neutrophils Inhibit Seeding in the Pre-Metastatic Lung.

Primary tumors have been shown to prepare distal organs for later colonization of metastatic cells by stimulating organ-specific infiltration of bone marrow derived cells. We have recently demonstrated that neutrophils are mobilized by the primary tumor and accumulate in the lung prior to the arrival of metastatic cells in mouse models of breast cancer. Tumor-entrained neutrophils (TENs) inhibit metastatic seeding in the lungs by generating H2O2 and tumor secreted CCL2 is both required and sufficient for optimal anti-metastatic entrainment of G-CSF-mobilized neutrophils. TENs are present in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients prior to surgical resection but not in healthy individuals. Thus, while tumor-secreted factors contribute to tumor progression at the primary site, they concomitantly induce a neutrophil-mediated inhibitory process at the metastatic site. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS1-2.
Effect of diet consultation and metabolic risk factors during pregnancy on gestational outcomes

Objective To investigate the effect of diet consultation and metabolic risk factors during pregnancy on gestational outcomes. Methods Subjects were consecutive pregnant women who accepted routine prenatal examination and delivery in the International Peace Maternity and Children's Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute in Shanghai from May 2010 to April 2012. The retrospective cohort was analyzed to evaluate the effect of diet consultation intervention on gestational complications among women with gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM). Stepwise logistic regressions analysis was used to evaluate the effect of metabolic risk factors on birth weight and macrosomia,respectively. Results ① Analyses were performed among 10 421 subjects. The mean of gestational week at the first prenatal visit was 20. 8( 19. 4- 22. 4) weeks. The mean of fasting blood glucose( FBS),triglyceride( TG) and total cholesterol( CHOL) was( 4. 4 ± 0. 4),( 1. 4 ± 0. 6) and( 4. 7 ± 0. 8) mmol·L- 1, respectively. The mean of SBP and DBP was( 111. 3 ± 11. 5) and( 67. 9 ± 13. 3) mmHg. The prevalence of GDM was 15. 8 %. The mean of birth weight was( 3 355. 4 ± 426. 0) g and the prevalence of macrosomia was 6. 2 %. ② Among 812 pregnant women with diagnosed GDM,570 accepted diet consultation at least once and the rest of 242 women never went to the diet consultation. No significant between-group differences were observed in variables in the baseline characteristics, including age,education,weight in 20 th gestational week and biochemical tests at first prenatal visit. Compared with the control group the mean of birth weight,the prevalence of macrosomia and gestational hypertension in intervention group were reduced,( 3 347. 4 ± 19. 6 g vs 3 450. 3 ± 35. 6 g,P = 0. 007; 6. 7 % vs 15. 6 %,P = 0. 001; 26. 3 % vs 47. 9 %,P 0. 001),respectively. With the increase of times of visiting nutrition intervention,the mean of maternal gestational weight gain and birth weight declined( r =- 0. 126,P = 0. 003; r =- 0. 112,P = 0. 002),and the prevalence of macrosomia was also decreased. ③Stepwise multiple logistic regressions showed the body weight at 20 th gestational week( OR = 1. 08,95 % CI: 1. 07- 1. 09),gestational weight gain( OR = 1. 10,95 % CI: 1. 07- 1. 12) and GDM( OR = 1. 63,95 % CI: 1. 22- 2. 19) significantly increased the risk of the neonatal macrosomia. Conclusion The findings show that the elevated metabolic risk factors in pregnancy increase the risk of adverse gestional outcomes,diet consultation help improve the neonatal outcomes. The findings call for the urgent need for early and throughout management of metabolic risk factors and diet consultation among pregnant women during pregnancy to achieve better control the adverse gestation outcomes.
Natural STING Agonist as an "Ideal" Adjuvant for Cutaneous Vaccination.

A potent adjuvant that induces strong protective immunity without incurring any significant skin reactogenicity is urgently needed for cutaneous vaccination. Here, we report that a natural agonist of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), 2′3′- cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), robustly augmented and prolonged the cellular and humoral immune responses provoked by H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccines after a single dose of intradermal, but not intramuscular, immunization. The potency of cGAMP for cutaneous vaccination was ascribed to a large number of antigen-presenting cells resident in the skin and ready for immediate activation when cGAMP was injected. However, its potency was severely compromised in the muscle, because antigen-presenting cells could not be promptly recruited to the injection site before the injected cGAMP was diffused out. The superior adjuvant effect and safety of cGAMP were also confirmed in a more clinically relevant swine model of skin. The vigorous immune responses elicited by cGAMP with no overt skin irritation was attributable to its stay in the skin, which was brief but sufficient to activate dermal dendritic cells. This small and well-characterized self-molecule holds great promise as an ideal adjuvant for cutaneous vaccination.
Pressure and temperature dependence of CO 2 solubility in hydrous rhyolitic melt: implications for carbon transfer to mantle source of volcanic arcs via partial melt of subducting crustal lithologies

We conducted high pressure and temperature experiments to determine pressure and temperature dependence of CO2 solubility in natural hydrous rhyolitic melts. The goal was to constrain the limit of CO2 transfer via hydrous silicic melt derived from subducting crust at sub-arc depths. We performed two sets of experiments: (1) to determine the FTIR absorption coefficients CO2 species (CO 2 mol. and CO3 2−) for natural rhyolitic glass and (2) to constrain the effect of temperature on CO2 solubility in rhyolitic melts. The values of e and e*, linear and integrated absorption coefficients, for CO 2 mol. matched previous studies, and values for CO3 2− had not been previously calculated for rhyolitic compositions. The use of the new e values leads to lower total CO2 solubility for rhyolitic glasses compared to those obtained using e values determined from albitic compositions. Further, we assessed the uncertainty of our fluid compositions and the quench effects on carbon speciation in glasses and constrained the pressure [ΔV and ln(K 0)] and temperature (ΔH) dependence of the CO2 dissolution reactions with the updated e values. The calculated values of ΔV, ln(K 0) and ΔH were used to calculate total CO2 in rhyolitic melts as a function of pressure and temperature. Finally, our model was applied to calculate CO2 carrying capacity of rhyolitic slab melts for any given subduction zones.
APPROXIMATE METHODS FOR TREATING REFLECTIONS FROM INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA

The oblique reflection of plane electromagnetic waves from a continuously stratified medium is considered. Various approximate procedures are employed. For the slowly varying profiles, the WKB method and its extension are most suitable. However, certain modifications must be made when the ray has a turning point. It is shown that under this situation, the phase integral method is applicable. Finally, when the medium is rapidly varying, an alternative approach is adopted which becomes particularly suitable at low frequencies.