cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of interactions of porphyrins with transfer RNA by high-resolution NMR

The interactions of tetra-4N-methylpyridyl porphyrin and its zinc(II), copper(II) and manganese(III) complexes with brewer's yeast type V phenylalanine specific tRNA have been evaluated by high-resolution NMR. Differences in chemical shifts have been noted for three proton resonances in response to the presence of small quantities of the free base and the zinc and copper complexes. The protons giving rise to these signals are located on bases T54 and psi 55, both of which are involved in the primary intraloop and interloop hydrogen bonds that hold the D and T psi C loops together in the tertiary structure. In addition, broadening of specific resonances due to hydrogen bonding protons in the D stem at low ratios of porphyrin to tRNA indicates that the association of porphyrins increases the rate of imino proton exchange. The titration of the tRNA with the manganese(III) complex did not reveal shifts or specific broadening comparable to the other porphyrins at low ratios. The changes induced in the NMR spectrum of tRNA by porphyrins define their site of interaction with the polynucleotide. This site, at the outside of the elbow-bend in the tRNA 'L', is different from the locus of binding in tRNA for other classical DNA intercalators. Furthermore, a new mode of binding may be involved that is neither intercalative nor simply electrostatic.
A spatial simulation model of land use changes in a Piedmont county in Georgia

A spatial simulation model was developed to predict temporal changes in land use patterns in a piedmont county in Georgia. Five land use categories were included: urban, crop, abandoned cropland, pasture, and forest. Land use data were obtained from historical aerial photography and digitized into a matrix based on a l ha grid cell format. Transitions of cells from one state to another were dependent on temporal transition probabilities and neighborhood, or spatial, influences. To compare the simulated and actual land use patterns, three spatial pattern descriptors were used: (1) nearest neighbor probabilities, (2) amount of edge between land uses, and (3) the number of patches by size class and land use. The model simulated land use area and patch sizes fairly well, but did not adequately capture the complexity of the shapes of some land uses. Several possible modifications of model structure are proposed. The modeling approach presented here is a potentially general one for simulating human-influenced landscapes.
Diffraction from multiple ridges: Comparing three-and two-dimensional results

Diffractions from multiple-wedge structures are important in many wireless communications environments. For irregular terrain, the diffraction from ridges are commonly calculated using a two-dimensional height profile. Due to the fact that such a profile does not have the information about the slope and orientation of the ridges, and the interior angle is often incorrectly represented, three dimensional method is needed to improve the accuracy of the diffracted field. Furthermore, the ray paths determined using the height profile is in general wrong because they are not the least-time paths. In this paper we compare the path loss differences between the two- and three-dimensional methods.
Evaluation of nerves in Mohs micrographic surgery: histologic mimickers of perineural invasion and nervous tissue on frozen section.

Background Perineural invasion (PNI) is an important histologic finding and may be a negative prognostic factor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It may be associated with more-aggressive tumor behavior. Mohs surgeons encounter microscopic PNI regularly and must be able to diagnose it accurately to guide care decisions. Objective To describe benign histologic mimickers of PNI and neural structures in SCC commonly encountered on frozen, hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections and to review how to differentiate them from PNI. Methods and Materials Review of the literature regarding histologic mimickers of PNI and additional contributions to frozen section PNI and nerve tissue mimickers. Results We describe benign findings, including arrector pili muscles, eccrine muscles, vessels, granulomatous inflammation, and eddies of SCC, that may each be mistaken for nerves or PNI. We discuss the ways in which they may be distinguished on frozen sections and review other commonly encountered entities that resemble PNI. Conclusion Perineural inflammation and peritumoral fibrosis are common mimickers of PNI on frozen section, although other mimickers exist on permanent sections. Normal structures may appear “neural” by way of frozen tissue orientation, processing, or inflammation and thus must be differentiated from nerve tissue and PNI during Mohs surgery.
Sequence analysis of four new heat-shock genes constituting the hslTS/ibpAB and hslVU operons in Escherichia coli

Sequences of four new heat-shock (HS) genes of Escherichia coli organized into two operons were determined. The operon at 83 min specifies two proteins of 15.8 kDa (HslT) and 16.1 kDa (HslS), which are identical to IbpA and IbpB, respectively. Expression of mRNA from a sigma 32-dependent promoter of the hslTS/ibpAB operon is stimulated 30-75-fold upon temperature upshift. The transcription start point (tsp) is located at a G, 96 bp upstream from the AUG start codon of hslT/ibpA. The deduced amino acid sequences of HslT/IbpA and HslS/IbpB are 48% identical to each other and were found to be remotely related to the chloroplast low-molecular-weight HS protein, which is highly conserved among plants. The second hs operon is much less actively stimulated by temperature upshift, although it has a hs promoter that perfectly matches the consensus of promoters recognized by sigma 32. Located at 88.9 min, the hslVU operon specifies proteins of 19.1 kDa (HslV) and 49.6 kDa (HslU). Multiple tsp were found in this operon. HslV is remotely related to the eukaryotic proteasome proteins, and HslU is very similar to a Pasteurella haemolytica protein of unknown function. Both HslU and the P. haemolytica protein share a ATP/GTP-binding motif near their N-termini. The two operons described here are transcribed counterclockwise on the standard genetic map.
The effects of conceptual description and search practice on users' mental models and information seeking in a case-based reasoning retrieval system

This paper reportes a study that investigated the effects of conceptual description and search practice on users' mental models and information seeking in a case-based reasoning retrieval (CBR) system with a best match search mechanism. This study also found examined how the presence of a mental model affects the users' search performance and satisfaction in this system. The results of this study revealed that the conceptual description and search practice treatments do not have significantly different effects on the types of user's mental models, search correctness, and search satisfaction. However, the search practice group spent significantly less time than the conceptual description group in finding the results. Qualitative analysis for the subjects' post mental models revealed that subjects in the conceptual description group seem to have more complete mental models of the best match system than those in the search practice group. This study also that subjects with the best match mental models have significantly higher search correctness and search result satisfaction than subjects without the best match mental models. However, the best match mental models do not guarantee less search time in finding the results. This study did not find a significant correlation among search time, search correctness and search satisfaction. The study concludes with suggestions for future research and implications for system developers who are interested in CBR retrieval systems.
“Awakening to” an Aspect in the Other On Developing Insights and Concepts in Qualitative Research

This article discusses "awakening to" deeper aspects in a person and "articulating" them and contrasts this way of developing concepts and new understandings in qualitative research with "fashioning concepts at a level of words and phrases in an arena of public discourse." "Awakening to and articulating" may be epistemologically based on C. H. Cooley's (1909/1956) "sympathetic introspection," to the effect that after prolonged contact with a participant or immersion in a social context, where one "absorbed" nuances of feeling, emotion, consciousness, this contact "awakens in oneself a life similar to that in the participant" or social context. The article discusses some of the characteristics of "awakening and articulating," such as the way it involves the consciousness of the investigator, and how it represents a grounded theory approach, and argues that there is a great need to bring concepts developed by "awakening and articulating" into public discourse.
Polyacrylic acid adsorption and conformation in concentrated alumina suspensions

Abstract Particulate suspensions used in many industrial processes are typically highly concentrated and it is often difficult to keep them well dispersed or flocculated. Polymer adsorption is usually employed to achieve desired colloidal and rheological properties of such suspensions. In this work, adsorption of polyacrylic acid (PAA) in concentrated alumina dispersions has been monitored to determine the effect of solids loading on both the adsorption as well as the conformation of the adsorbed species. Fluorescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were used to determine the conformation of labeled PAA adsorbed on alumina particles. Solids loading was found to have interesting effects on PAA adsorption and conformation at the alumina–water interface. As the solids loading is increased, the adsorption density of PAA was found to decrease under conditions of a fixed high initial polymer concentration. However, in the case of adsorption using reduced initial polymer concentration, this solids loading dependence was removed. Conformational studies (conducted at a constant adsorption density) showed the polymer molecules to become more stretched with increasing solids loading. The relationship between the polymer conformation and the particle dispersion was also investigated. Stretching of the adsorbed polymer was found in this case to produce an increase in the settling rate obtained, suggesting bridging effects.
Identification of genes whose expression is associated with cisplatin resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells

The goal of this study was to identify genes consistently differentially expressed in multiple pairs of isogenic cisplatin (DDP)-sensitive and resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell lines using microarray-based expression profiling. Expression profiling was carried out on six pairs of ovarian carcinoma cells lines growing under identical conditions; each cell expression profile was independently replicated six times. No genes were differentially expressed in all six pairs of cells or even in even in any five of the six pairs. Eighteen genes and 1 EST were upregulated, and four genes and 1 EST were downregulated, in at least four cell pairs. Of these, only metallothionein 2A has previously been implicated in DDP resistance. Among the genes identified on the basis of six replicates, an average of 24.8% would have been missed if only five replicates had been performed, and 38.3% would have been missed with only four replicates. The genes did not identify a dominant biochemical pathway or ontology category as being linked to DDP resistance; however, hierarchical clustering provided evidence for two classes DDP-resistant phenotypes within which there are additional cell pair-specific alterations. Many of the genes identified in this study play important roles in cell surface interactions and trafficking pathways not previously linked to DDP resistance. The genes discovered by this extensively replicated analysis are candidates for prediction of DDP responsiveness in ovarian cancer patients.
An Archived Differential Evolution Algorithm for Constrained Global Optimization

Many practical engineering problems are naturally global optimization problems with complex constraints and local optimums. However, practicable and effective approaches for those constrained global optimization problems are still insufficient. A modified differential evolution algorithm is put forward for constrained global optimization problems in this work, using a special constraint-handling mechanism based on dynamic penalty functions and fitness calculation of individuals. An archive of solutions is maintained in the evolutionary process so that the best information of previous local optimums can be kept and utilized for the quality estimate of new solutions. Based on the archive of solutions, an iterative control operation is designed in the algorithm to guide the evolutionary process towards a promising space and avoid unnecessary and worthless search processes. Finally, numerical experiments based on a set of eight well-known constrained optimization problems are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed method, and the experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm is robust, effective and efficient in solving constrained global optimization problems.
Ethylene recovery from low grade gas stream by adsorption on zeolites and controlled desorption

Carbon dioxide was partially removed from a nitrogen stream, which also contained some ethylene, by adsorption on a 4A (Na-A) zeolite. The treated nitrogen stream was then passed over a 13X (Na-X) zeolite bed upon which ethylene and any remaining carbon dioxide were adsorbed. Ethylene was recovered by desorption at 68 Pa pressure into a slow flow of nitrogen as stripping gas. The ethylene concentration in the extracted gas was extremely dependent on the nitrogen flow-rate, whereas the concentration of carbon dioxide remained practically constant. Thus, it was possible to obtain a gas mixture greatly enriched in ethylene with a reasonably low content of carbon dioxide.
How the hippocampus preserves order: the role of prediction and context

Remembering the sequence of events is critical for deriving meaning from our experiences and guiding behavior. Prior investigations into the function of the human hippocampus have focused on its more general role in associative binding, but recent work has focused on understanding its specific role in encoding and preserving the temporal order of experiences. In this review we summarize recent work in humans examining hippocampal contributions to sequence learning. We distinguish the learning of sequential relationships through repetition from the rapid, episodic acquisition of sequential associations. Taken together, this research begins to clarify the link between hippocampal representations and the preservation of the order of events.
A Touching Picture of Nicotinic Binding

The snail acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) is homologous to the extracellular domains of the nicotinic ACh receptors. In this issue of Neuron, Celie et al. show how the crystal structures of AChBP in complexes with carbamylcholine and nicotine reveal the basis for agonist recognition by ACh receptors.
Continuous positive airway pressure modulates effect of inhaled nitric oxide on the ventilation-perfusion distributions in canine lung injury.

Objectives The present study was designed to evaluate if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) augments the effect of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation on matching between ventilation and perfusion ( V ˙ A / Q ˙ ) during acute lung injury. Design Prospective, randomized study. Setting A research laboratory at a university medical center. Subjects Ten anesthetized mongrel dogs with oleic acid-induced lung injury. Interventions Zero or 40 parts per million of NO in the inspiratory gas, with and without 10 cm H 2 O CPAP in random order. Measurements and main results Gas exchange was assessed by estimating the V ˙ A / Q ˙ distributions using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Application of CPAP decreased blood flow to shunt units by 26 ± 2 percent (mean ± SD) and increased the fraction of cardiac output to normal V ˙ A / Q ˙ units ( V ˙ A / Q ˙ ratio of 0.1 to 10) by 26 ± 2 percent (p<0.05). Inhalation of NO during CPAP accounted for a further 10 ± 2 percent decrease in the blood flow to shunt units and an 8 ± 2 percent increase in the fraction of the cardiac output to normal V ˙ A / Q ˙ units (p<0.05). Inhalation of NO alone had no significant effect on the V ˙ A / Q ˙ distributions. Inhalation of NO decreased mean transmural pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa tm ) both without (Ppa tm from 30 ± 2 to 23 ± 2 mm Hg; PVR from 323 ± 44 to 228 ± 43 dynes·s·cm −5 ; p tm from 25 ± 2 to 20 ± 2 mm Hg; PVR from 255 ± 30 to 173 ± 31 dynes · s · cm −5 ; p Conclusions Although pulmonary vascular resistance can be lowered with NO inhalation alone, recruitment of gas exchange units with CPAP is necessary to produce a beneficial effect of NO inhalation on V ˙ A / Q ˙ matching and oxygenation. When recruitment of gas exchange units with CPAP brings gaseous NO in contact with enough pulmonary blood vessels, NO-induced vasodilation will augment V ˙ A / Q ˙ matching by a steal mechanism.
Nonlinear response of a post-tensioned concrete structure to static and dynamic internal-pressure loads

Abstract A nonlinear finite element model of a nuclear power plant containment building was developed to determine its ultimate pressure capability under quasistatic and impulsive dynamic loads. The ADINA finite element computer code was used to develop the model because of its capability to handle concrete cracking and crushing. Results indicate that, even though excessive concrete cracking occurs, failure is ultimately caused by rupture of post-tensioning tendons.
Chemisorption of carbon monoxide on the iridium(111) surface : In situ studies of adsorption and desorption kinetics via vibrational spectroscopy

The IR absorption peak position of the CO intramolecular stretching vibration, measured with Fourier transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy, has been employed for the first time as a...
Frost Tolerance of Ten Seedling Legume Species at Four Growth Stages

Spring frost in cooler regions periodically kills seedling legumes and makes replanting necessary. Experiments were conducted in the growth chamber to determine freezing tolerance of 10 legume species at four growth stages and to determine the freezing temperature that kills 50% of seedlings (LT 50 ) for each species under temperatures more commonly found in the field. Four temperatures (-2, -4, -6, and -8°C), four seedling ages (1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after planting), and 10 legume species [alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis Lam.), alsike clover (T. hybridium L.), white clover (T. repens L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), navy bean (Phaseolus spp.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and field pea (Pisum sativum L.)] were included. Hardened (vernalized) seedlings were placed in a programmable freezing chamber at 3°C and the temperature decreased or increased 1°C h -1 to or from a minimum-freezing temperature. Pinto and navy beans were the least tolerant, soybean and field pea were moderate, and forage legumes were the most tolerant to freezing temperature. The LT 50 was -3.25 to -3.5°C for dry beans, --4.5°C for soybean and field pea, and -6.3 to -7.4°C for forage legumes. One-week-old seedlings had the highest tolerance to freezing temperature when close to the LT 50 , compared with older seedlings. However, this tolerance at 1 wk of age disappeared when temperature was lower than the LT 50 of the species. The prediction equation and LT 50 for each species have potential for predicting seedling stand loss after a spring frost, realizing that field validation of these is impossible.
Changes in the acid-soluble nucleotide composition of red cells of cattle at various ages.

Abstract The free nucleotide content of red blood cells from heifers was determined by column chromatography on the day of birth and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Uric acid riboside, which was relatively low on the day of birth, was the major ultraviolet-absorbing compound in the nucleotide pool at 3 months and at the later sampling times. The concentration of UDPglucose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, ATP, GTP, and UTP decreased between the day of birth and 1 month and between 1 month and 3 months. The concentrations of these nucleotides were the same at 6 and 12 months as they were at 3 months. The concentrations of NAD, AMP, UMP, and IMP also decreased with time; the concentration of NADP was practically constant.
Management of localized prostate cancer: the pendulum swings (back to the middle).

Herein, we discuss 18-year follow-up data from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 (SPCG-4) trial, a randomized study comparing observation and radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with localized prostate cancer. The results of this study are contrasted with another study employing a similar randomization, the Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT). We highlight several key differences in study eligibility and enrollment that may account for distinct results, and describe how these datasets impact the complex landscape of therapy for localized prostate cancer.
A Brief History of the College of Optical Sciences

This keynote presentation will discuss the history of the college of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona
On some inventory control problems with state-dependent parameters

This article analyzes discrete Markov processes that arise in some general control problems of a storage (or a dam) with an infinite capacity. Employing a special step-wise structure of the transition matrices of these processes, the author obtains conditions for their ergodicity and develops an implementable algorithm for finding the generating function of the corresponding distributions. This algorithm is applied to a dam with a multilevel state-dependent control strategy, according to which parameters of the input and output processes may depend on the amount of the water in the dam. The method is illustrated with a case of a single-level control strategy where explicit results are obtained.
Digital classroom magazines: design considerations for young learners

We conducted a comparative analysis of young students' interactions with digital and print versions of an informational magazine. Using mixed-methods design, fourth- and fifth-grade students were exposed to two magazine articles, one on a tablet and the other on paper. The students were surveyed on their preference of medium, engagement with the articles and retention of the information. Analysis revealed that the medium in which content was delivered made little effect on engagement or retention, but students showed a significant preference for the tablet devices. Based on observations of the students and quotes from a focus group discussion, we also provide an initial set of interaction-related and content-related design recommendations. These recommendations should prove useful to designers presenting informational, multimedia content on tablet devices and researchers hoping to measure new styles of interaction.
Avoidance of heights on the visual cliff in newly walking infants

Work with infants on the "visual cliff" links avoidance of drop-offs to experience with self-produced locomotion. Adolph's (2002) research on infants' perception of slope and gap traversability suggests that learning to avoid falling down is highly specific to the postural context in which it occurs. Infants, for example, who have learned to avoid crossing risky slopes while crawling must learn anew such avoidance when they start walking. Do newly walking infants avoid crossing the drop-off of the visual cliff? Twenty prewalking but experienced crawling infants were compared with 20 similarly aged newly walking infants on their reactions to the visual cliff. Newly walking infants avoided moving onto the cliff's deep side even more consistently than did the prewalking crawlers. Thus, in the context of drop-offs in visual texture, our results show that once avoidance of drop-offs is established under conditions of crawling, it is developmentally maintained once infants begin walking.
Employees' Nonwork Obligations and Organizational Commitments: A New Way to Look at the Relationships

The authors1 adopted a family resource view of nonwork obligations and examined these obligations' relationships to dimensions of employees' organizational commitment. Complex interactions were found between employees' marital status, number of children, and having relatives nearby as related to the continuance dimension, but not the affective dimension, of commitment. In particular, results were strongest when the focus was on employees' perceptions of whether they would experience a high personal sacrifice if they were to leave their organizations. These findings are discussed in the context of developing family-friendly human resource programs that may help employees feel less “trapped” in organizations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New Unified Sea Ice Thickness Climate Data Record

With the recent dramatic record-low ice extent of 2007 and with the third-lowest extent having been recorded in 2010, the changing Arctic climate, and particularly the rapidly changing sea ice cover, is often in the news. The climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report forecast that rising Arctic temperatures and the reduction of sea ice will be the earliest and strongest indications of global warming. However, these models generally underestimate the observed rate of change in summer ice cover over the past 3 decades [Stroeve et al., 2007].
High-pressure electrical resistivity measurements of Fe2O3: comparison of static-compression and shock-wave experiments to 61 GPa

Abstract The room-temperature electrical resistivity of Fe2O3 (hematite) has been measured to 61 GPa in the diamond-anvil cell. At 48 ( + −2 ) GPa, the resistivity decreases from 0.5 ohm-m to 3( + −2 ) × 10 −4 ohm-m . This discontinuity in resistivity is coincident with a structural phase transformation that has previously been documented in static-compression and shock-wave experiments on Fe2O3. We propose that the transition involves a change in electronic transport mechanism, possibly from d-band conduction to electronic hopping between iron ions of differing valence. The quantitative agreement for Fe2O3 between our static measurements and existing shock-wave measurements of electrical resistivity provides the first confirmation that both techniques probe the same phase of Fe2O3 at ultrahigh pressures.
Marketing Communications for Libraries

This is the second in a series of articles exploring fundamental issues concerning thc application of marketing concepts and skills to public libraries. This article deals with communications, including the role of staff and volunteers. Future articles will discuss positioning and pricing. The concluding article in the series will address the professional and ethical problems associated with marketing in public libraries.
A model of residential energy end-use in Canada: Using conditional demand analysis to suggest policy options for community energy planners

Abstract We applied conditional demand analysis (CDA) to estimate the average annual energy use of various electrical and natural gas appliances, and derived energy reductions associated with certain appliance upgrades and behaviours. The raw data came from 9773 Canadian households, and comprised annual electricity and natural gas use, and responses to >600 questions on dwelling and occupant characteristics, appliances, heating and cooling equipment, and associated behaviours. Replacing an old (>10 years) refrigerator with a new one was estimated to save 100 kW h/year; replacing an incandescent lamp with a CFL/LED lamp was estimated to save 20 kW h/year; and upgrading an old central heating system with a new one was estimated to save 2000 kW h/year. This latter effect was similar to that of reducing the number of walls exposed to the outside. Reducing the winter thermostat setpoint during occupied, waking hours was estimated to lower annual energy use by 200 kW h/°C-reduction, and lowering the thermostat setting overnight in winter relative to the setting during waking hours (night-time setback) was estimated to have a similar effect. This information may be used by policy-makers to optimize incentive programs, information campaigns, or other energy use change instruments.
Serologic distinction between the rabbit kappa L chain allotype b4 and an allele b4v

Rabbit kappa light (L) chain allotypes are controlled by the allelic genes b4, b5, b6, b9 and a recently described allele b4v. The product of the b4v gene differs from that of b4 by at least two amino acid substitutions in the constant region. A serologic distinction between the b4 and b4v allotypes has now been detected by a radioimmune assay using one of six anti-b4 sera tested. The distinction was enhanced by fractionation of this antiserum on an immunoadsorbent containing cottontail rabbit IgG. IgG with L chains of the b4v type are deficient in their ability to inhibit binding of b4 IgG to the antibody preparation. L chains isolated from b4 and b4v IgG samples could not be distinguished by this assay indicating that interaction with an H chain is required for expression of the L chain determinants that differentiate b4 from b4v.
An efficient FPGA random number generator using LFSRs and cellular automata

Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) and Cellular Automata (CA) are commonly used in the implementation of pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs). However, these designs typically cannot produce high quality random numbers due to adjacent bit correlations and the appearance of repetitive structures in the bit sequences. This paper explores the implementation of an efficient hybrid configuration which combines the bit streams from an LFSR and a CA. In particular, designs that are suitable for implementation on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) rather than on ICs are investigated. The proposed configurations take advantage of the FPGA's ability to realize compact LFSR implementations. Site spacing is utilized to lessen the effect of adjacent bit correlations and hence improve the random number quality. The concept of entropy is one figure of merit employed to evaluate the quality of the random numbers. The suite of statistical tests found in the DIEHARD program is also used in this regard. Hybrid LFSR/CA with varying degrees of site spacing are presented which were found to pass all the DIEHARD tests.
Online selection of effective functional test programs based on novelty detection

This paper proposes an online functional test selection approach based on novelty detection. Unlike other test selection methods, the idea of this paper is selecting novel functional tests to improve coverage from a large pool of available test programs before simulation. A graph based encoding scheme is developed to measure the similarity between test programs and map them into a set of feature vectors. We employ one-class SVM as the learning algorithm to detect novel tests to be simulated. While leaving the general test selection framework unchanged, the developed test program similarity measure can easily be tailored to specific applications and coverage targets based on existing simulation results. Experiments on a public domain MIPS processor design are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Discrete sensing and actuation in a simulation of frequency responsive loads

Loads acting autonomously on a local frequency signal can improve the response of a power system to sudden changes in supply, demand, or both. In this paper we address the use of load for regulating frequency by using feedback control. We extend prior research that focused on continuous proportional control, whereby one assumes that the load responds instantaneously, continuously, and in direct proportion to the changing frequency. However, sensors employed in any practical system have a finite sensitivity which introduces quantization effects into the control. As a result, a critical factor in the design of such a control is the relationship between the sensitivity of the sensor and the gain of the actuator. To study this issue, our model is constructed in two parts. The continuous dynamics of the power system is coupled to discrete event models of the sensors by state events that describe the detection points available to them. The quantized signals from the sensors are transformed by the actuators into discrete changes of load which, in turn, change the frequency and thereby complete the control loop. We illustrate the model with a scenario that involves a sudden, unanticipated change in load and the combined response of the control and power system to recover from the event.
Participation versus privacy in the training of group counselors

Abstract Group counseling educators are caught in an ethical bind between protecting privacy and evaluating competencies. This article examines these roles and proposes a training model.
Entomogenous Nematodes as Biological Control Organisms for Ligyrus subtropicus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Sugarcane

Five entomogenous nematodes, Steinernema feltia Filipjev (= Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser) (All, Mexican, and Breton strains), S. glaseri (Steiner), and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks, and Hirschmann) were evaluated in the laboratory against the white grub Ligyrus subtropicus (Blatchley), a serious pest of sugarcane in Florida. When applied in lots of 5,000 nematodes per larva, S. glaseri caused significantly higher mortality to third-instar white grub larvae than the other nematode species tested. Mortality of white grub larvae exposed to 250 S. glaseri nematodes per larva was not significantly different from mortality of larvae with 4,000 nematodes per larva. L. subtropicus appears to be an excellent host for S. glaseri , yielding a mean of 139,576 nematodes per larva when inoculated with 1,000 nematodes per larva. S. glaseri might be used for biological control of L. subtropicus in Florida sugarcane.
A distributed cooperative steering control with application to nonholonomic robots

In this paper, we propose a new distributed cooperative steering control for a class of networked dynamical systems with inherent nonlinear dynamics. A number of conditions are established in terms of the properties of the cooperative steering control for achieving cooperative behaviors. Under assumptions that the considered individual nonlinear system is controllable and there exists a steering control in either feedback or open-loop form to move the system from one state to the other in nite time, the sampled-data cooperative steering control law can be designed based on the information received from the neighboring systems within the current sensor range. It is proved that the proposed cooperative steering control is cooperatively stabilizing if network is connected over time together with a mild condition imposed on sampling time. As an illustrative application case, cooperative steering control algorithms in closed form are presented to address the consensus problem of nonholonomic robot systems in chained form. Simulation results are provided to validate the proposed algorithms.
Broader and flatter supercontinuum spectra in dispersion-tailored fibers

In summary, we find experimentally that dispersion decreasing (DD) fiber produces broader and smoother supercontinuum (SC) spectra than dispersion increasing (DI) or constant dispersion fiber. At 24.3 W peak input power, the SC spectrum of DD fiber is over 100 nm wide, over twice that created by constant dispersion fiber. The spectrum is also relatively flat over the 20-nm range from 1545-1565 nm. We will also report applications of the multiwavelength SC source to erbium doped fiber amplifiers and wavelength-division multiplexed fiber characterization.
The Temperature Paradox as Evidence for a Presuppositional Analysis of Definite Descriptions

Here, x and y are variables of type +s, e,, ranging over “individual concepts” (functions from indices to individuals); temperatureN and riseN are predicates of type ++s, e,, t,, taking individual concepts as arguments; n is a constant of type e, denoting an individual (presumably the number 90); x is an expression of type e, denoting the individual yielded by x for the index of evaluation; and n is an expression of type +s, e,, denoting the constant function which yields at every index the individual denoted by n. In this way, sentence (1) is analyzed as asserting that the unique temperature function rises; (2) is analyzed as asserting that the value of this function for the index of evaluation is 90; and (3) is analyzed as asserting that the function which picks out 90 at all indices rises. Because the temperature function might yield 90 at the index of evaluation, without being identical to the function which yields 90 at all indices, sentences (1) and (2) may be true even while (3) is false, resolving the paradox.
Regression of a Paraganglioma Tumor of the Orbit

AbstractPurpose: To describe a clinical case of an orbital paraganglioma that displayed regression after biopsy alone.Methods: Case report.Results: A 75-year-old female was examined for a right orbital tumor suspected to be metastatic breast carcinoma. An orbital biopsy was performed with significant hemorrhage encountered requiring extensive cautery. There was apparent clinical regression of the tumor with no signs of proptosis or eye movement restriction two years after this patient’s biopsy. Histology was consistent with paraganglioma (glomus tumor).Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out spontaneous regression of this unique tumor, we postulate that tissue necrosis caused by the use of cautery induced regression. Unless encapsulated and easily accessible, we suggest that the best management of this rare tumor is that of observation after being found negative for malignancy by biopsy given their propensity for slow progression and in rare cases, regression.
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes

The sections in this article are Introduction CNT Properties Mechanical Electrical Chemical/Electrochemical Electrochemical Biosensing CNT-Based Electrode Fabrication Adsorption Covalent Bonding Polymer Entrapment Aligned Arrays Nanoelectrodes Hybrid (CNT/Metal Nanoparticle) Electrodes Applications Nonenzymatic Biosensing Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Homocysteine Dopamine Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Enzymatic Biosensing Glucose Glutamate Ethanol Conclusions Keywords: carbon nanotubes; biosensors; nanoelectrodes; nanoparticles; enzymes; amperometry
Economic assessment of solar and conventional biomass gasification technologies: Financial and policy implications under feedstock and product gas price uncertainty

Abstract Four configurations of a novel solar-heated biomass gasification facility and one configuration of conventional biomass gasification are analyzed through financial and policy scenarios. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential financial position for varying configurations of a novel technology, as compared to the current state-of-the-art gasification technology. Through the use of project finance and policy scenario development, we assess the baseline breakeven syngas price (normalized against natural gas prices and based upon annual feedstock consumption), the sensitivity of major cost components for the novel facilities, and the implications of policy levers on the economic feasibility of the solar facilities. Findings show that certain solar configurations may compete with conventional facilities on a straightforward economic basis. However, with renewable energy policy levers in place the solar technologies become increasingly attractive options.
Engaging leaders as builders of sustainable rural communities: A case study

This chapter describes a “grow-your-own” leader development program that emphasizes cross-disciplinary, multisector programs and activities that reinforce the community-building role of rural community, junior, and technical colleges.
Dipole antennas coupled electromagnetically to a two-wire transmission line

The circuit properties of a dipole antenna coupled electromagnetically to a two-wire transmission line are studied theoretically and experimentally. Some arrays constructed of a number of dipole antennas coupled electromagnetically to a two-wire line are considered and the radiation patterns are found.
Fundus Imaging of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Digital fundus cameras and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopes have increased the efficiency and resolution of fundus photography. Autofluorescent images yield information about the functional status of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fluorescein angiography remains invaluable for studying retinal vascular anatomy and physiology in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) permits visualization of the vitreoretinal interface, retina, RPE, and choroid, though the implementation of enhanced-depth imaging, in exquisite detail. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is useful for differentiating neovascular AMD from masquerading conditions.
The Endogenous-Exogenous Distinction: A Model of Attribution or a Theory of Cognitive Motivation

In response to Kruglanski's (1977) comments, the rela tionship between endogenous (Kruglanski, 1975) and correspondent (Jones & Davis, 1965) attributions was re-examined. It was concluded that correspondent attribution yields the inferences that Kruglanski derived from endogenous attribution, and that the two attribution processes are conceptually similar. It was also suggested that the type of behavior being attributed deter mines the attributional standards that will be used, those of endogenous or correspondent attribution, as opposed to those of internal-external attribution. Finally, a distinction was made between the use of the endogenous-exogenous distinction as a model of attribution and as a theory of cognitive motivation.
Adhesive contact between a rippled elastic surface and a rigid spherical indenter: from partial to full contact

Surface mechanical properties such as adhesion and friction can be controlled by creating a rippled surface. In this paper, we present numerical and experimental studies on adhesive contact between a rippled surface and a rigid spherical indenter. In our numerical method, surface interaction is modeled using Lennard-Jones potential with Derjaguin's approximation. We also carry out a systematic experimental investigation by measuring the adhesion between a spherical glass indenter and rippled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) strips with varying amplitudes. With increasing ripple amplitude, our experimental results show a monotonic decrease in pull-off force, transition from full to partial contact, and pressure-sensitive adhesion. Our numerical simulation captures all the salient features of the experimental results remarkably well.
The level structure of the nucleus 140Ce

Abstract Precision energy measurements on 24 gamma-ray lines in the 140 La → 140 Ce decay were performed with a 2 m curved-crystal spectrometer and a lithium-drifted germanium spectrometer. The relative intensities of 15 gamma rays were determined. A level scheme for 140Ce is proposed with the inclusion of two new levels at 2516.14 and 2547.5 keV. The new level scheme is compared with recent calculations using the quasi-particle description.
Development and application of a gel actuator for the design of a humanoid robotic finger

Humanoid robotic hands are the essential end effectors for a robot to complete tasks in human environments. Their hands need to perform restraining power grasps and dexterous precision grasps fixed similarly to the positions of human hand postures. Advanced universal robotic hands have previously utilized actuator systems in the form of pulley-cables and pneumatics. These systems often require large amounts hardware that cannot be contained in smaller structures like the humanoid robot Hubo. Hubo has shape adaptive hands that solely rely on a pulley cable mechanical system. Although Hubo has three joints per finger, there is only one motor per finger leading to a coupled phalanx finger design that fails to model precision gripping. A gel actuator has been developed for application in a newly designed humanoid robotic finger. By using this gel actuator in conjunction with an electromagnetic lock mechanism, one motor can power the three-degree of freedom robotic finger. The expected advantage in the new design is a humanoid proportional finger that has improved precision grip while maintaining power grasp adaptability.
A dynamic link between the basin-scale and zonal modes in the Tropical Indian Ocean

The interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean is dominated mainly by a basin-scale mode (BM) and partly by an east–west contrast mode (zonal mode, ZM). The BM reflects the basin-scale warming or cooling and is highly correlated with El Nino with 3- to 6-month lags, while the ZM is marginally correlated with El Nino with 9-month lags.
Current trends in scintillator detectors and materials

The last decade has seen a renaissance in inorganic scintillator development for gamma ray detection. Lead tungstate (PbWO4) has been developed for high energy physics experiments, and possesses exceptionally high density and radiation hardness, albeit with low luminous efficiency. Lutetium orthosilicate or LSO (Lu2SiO5:Ce) possesses a unique combination of high luminous efficiency, high density, and reasonably short decay time, and is now incorporated in commercial positron emission tomography (PET) cameras. There have been advances in understanding the fundamental mechanisms that limit energy resolution, and several recently discovered materials (such as LaBr3:Ce) possess energy resolution that approaches that of direct solid state detectors. Finally, there are indications that a neglected class of scintillator materials that exhibit near band-edge fluorescence could provide scintillators with sub-nanosecond decay times and high luminescent efficiency.
Medication adherence interventions for heart failure patients: A meta-analysis

Background: Adherence to medications is an essential part of heart failure self-care. Poor medication adherence leads to increased rates of exacerbation causing hospitalizations and increased morbidity and mortality. Aims: This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effect of interventions to improve adherence to heart failure medications on adherence outcomes. Methods: Comprehensive search methods identified studies testing interventions designed to improve medication adherence among patients with heart failure. Data from eligible studies were independently coded by two coders and analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis methods. Moderator analyses to explain heterogeneity among the studies were conducted using meta-regression and ANOVA for moderators with sufficient numbers of comparisons. Results: Searching yielded 6665 potential study reports. From these studies, we identified 29 eligible treatment versus control comparisons of heart failure medication adherence interventions (total n=4285). The mean effect size (d-index) for two-group comparisons was 0.29 (SE=0.09, p=0.004). Moderator analyses found effect sizes were larger as samples were older. Medication adherence effect sizes were larger for studies conducted in Europe or Asia versus North America, and for interventions focused on changing only medication adherence. Smaller effect sizes were seen for interventions with components directed at health care providers, and those including social support as an intervention component. Conclusion: While the medication adherence effect size across all studies was significant, the effect was modest. Approaches to improving heart failure medication adherence may be most effective when focused on medication adherence alone, and when seeking to change behavior of patients, rather than health care provider behavior.