cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and spectral properties of Ce[Ag(CN)2]3

Abstract Cerium ion luminescence in crystalline hosts forms the basis of many blue phosphor and scintillator technologies. We report the synthesis of luminescent single crystals of cerium dicyanoargentate. The luminescence properties are characterized using both steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The broad, overlapping dicyanoargentate and Ce 3+ emissions are decomposed into three Gaussians, revealing the characteristic dicyanoargentate emission at 350 nm while the Ce 3+ 5d–4f transitions are observed at 359 nm and 391 nm. Excitation measurements show that the 4f–5d Ce 3+ absorption overlaps the 320 nm emission of the dicyanoargentate ions, leading to a strong coupling between the dicyanoargentate energy donors and Ce 3+ acceptors. We conclude that the cerium is excited through an energy transfer process from the dicyanoargentate species, resulting in strong room temperature luminescence.
B-type natriuretic peptide: beyond a diagnostic.

The concept of the heart as an endocrine organ has been attractive since the discovery of atrial natriuretic peptide. This review focuses on the second discovered natriuretic peptide from the heart—B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), widely used as a tool in the diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Controversy remains regarding its use as a therapeutic agent in HF. This article places into perspective some of the debate and provides insights into the therapeutics of BNP and the importance of its second messenger 3′5′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which also is the second messenger for nitric oxide and is modulated by renal phosphodiesterases.
On the dynamics of localization and fragmentation - III. Effect of cladding with a polymer

In this series of papers, we investigate the mechanics and physics of necking and fragmentation in ductile materials. The behavior of ductile metals at strain rates of about 4,000–15,000 per second is considered. The expanding ring experiment is used as the vehicle for examining the material behavior in this range of strain rates. In Part I, the details of the experiment and the experimental observations on Al 6061-O were reported. Statistics of necking and fragmentation were evaluated and the process was modeled through the idea of the Mott release waves both from necking and fragmentation. Finally, it was shown that the strain in the ring never exceeded the necking strain in regions that strained uniformly. In Part II, we addressed the issues of strain hardening, ductility, geometry and size. Specifically, we examined different materials—Al 1100-H14, and Cu 101—and concluded that geometric constraint influences the strain at onset of localization significantly. The time taken for the localization to propagate across the cross-section and begin to unload its neighborhood was shown to control the amount of strain that can be experienced by the material; this also influences the statistics of localization and fragmentation. In the present paper, Part III, we examine the influence of compliant polymeric claddings on the localization and fragmentation response of metallic materials. Thin aluminum rings were coated with a layer of polyurea, with the thickness being an important parameter in the study. The onset of necking localization is shown not to be influenced by the coating; however, the propagation of unloading or release waves is shown to be significantly impeded by the cladding and therefore, further straining and fragmentation of the rings is affected. This result is of great importance in determining the impact resistance of elastomer-clad metallic structures. In future contributions as part of this sequel, we will explore the effect the development of localization and fragmentation in tubes and sheets where the geometric constraint can be varied over an even larger range.
Is it all different now for businesses? An analysis of terrorist attacks on businesses before and after 9/11

This paper analyses business vulnerability from terrorist attacks. We specifically seek to understand the impact of the terrorist attacks of 9/11. An event study analysis reveals that publicly traded companies when attacked lose on an average –0.12% in the stockholder equity in a six-day period following the attack. Attacks in the post-9/11 period resulted in a significantly higher stock decline of –0.70%. Pre-9/11 attacks did not have a significant impact on stock returns. Since 9/11, financial vulnerability of businesses from terrorist attacks has increased. Investors have become more risk averse to terrorist attacks. A time series structural break analysis on terrorist attack frequency reveals three breakpoints. The first two breakpoints, in 1997 quarter 4 and 2004 quarter 2, reveal a significant increase in frequency of attacks on businesses. The attacks increased about five-fold in pre-1997 to post-2004 periods. When 9/11 is prejudged as a breakpoint, the frequency of attacks increased two-fold. Terrorists are choosing businesses as targets with an increasing frequency. The rise started before 9/11 and continued afterwards.
The effect of predictive cues on freezing in rats

Rats were given five shocks over a 5-min period and then observed for 20 min. Much more freezing was observed in animals that remained in the shock situation than in animals moved to another situation. Freezing, therefore, seems to be controlled primarily by external shock-related cues. Freezing appears to be also partly controlled by the inherent stimulus properties of the situation.
Simulated Effects of Nitrogen Management and Soil Microbes on Soil Nitrogen Balance and Crop Production

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72:1594-1603doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0404Received 21 Nov. 2007.*Corresponding author (Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov).© Soil Science Society of America677 S. Segoe Rd. Madison WI 53711 USAAll rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Mechanical and dielectric relaxations in alternating block copolymers of dimethylsiloxane and bisphenol a carbonate

Alternating block copolymers of bisphenol A carbonate and dimethylsiloxane at three different compositions were studied by mechanical and dielectric measurements. Both sets of data exhibit transitions characteristic of the primary glass transitions of the component polymers. This behavior is characteristic of heterophase polymers. Dielectric data for all three samples cast from methylene chloride solution are presented. In addition, one sample was also cast from the solution of methylene chloride–n-hexane. The resulting morphologic differences among the samples are reflected in the activation energies associated with the low-temperature transitions. The time–temperature superposition principle was invoked to construct master curves for both mechanical and dielectric data. It was found that there exist considerable discrepancies in the respective master curves and the shift factor data. These results indicate that this heterophase block copolymer is thermorheologically complex.
THEORIES OF CONTROLLED CAPITALISM

SUMMARY Recent theories of capitalism concentrate upon the defects of markets. The theories of Karl Polanyi and Bruno Seidel are examined in this article. In a broad survey of economic history since the middle ages, Polanyi concludes that the whole economic market system destroys the substance of society and creates disadvantages for all groups. Yet disintegration was halted through the principle of social protection which comprises all forms of collective economic actions, whether by groups or states. Yet, the author has failed to give a specific market analysis which would indicate how specific disadvantages arise in the process of pricing. The all comprehensive “social protection” contains so many diverse elements that one cannot infer from the principle how interventions have reformed the market system of capitalism. In his analysis of industrialism and capitalism, Seidel sees a conflict between the industrial and capitalist elements of our economy. Capitalist elements have been “tamed”, while we have been unable to control the industrial elements. Modern technology has become independent of capitalist property and markets. Industrialism has been economically beneficial and socially disintegrating. Deconcentration of large concerns and decentralization of large cities are proposed as necessary reforms. Interventions in markets spring from cartels of producers, organizations of farmers, unions of laborers, and the interference of states. The multitude of interventions is developing into a planned capitalism. The result of these interventions has been a greater degree of equality in the economic and social relationships among men. Control of capitalism was achieved through introducing social-ethical principles into the economy. The newer version of the defect theory limits control of the market system to the most recent period, and states some of the reasons why organized groups control their markets. The theory of social protection is limited in its scope; its economic, political and social impact upon capitalism is traced in detail. Yet missing is still a theory of deficient markets as well as of controlled markets. The future task of economic research is to provide an analysis of the different market sectors controlled by groups, of the monopoly of concentrated property, of the specific nature of social protection, and the economic role of big government in controlled capitalism.
Use of Picosecond Fluorescence Dynamics as an Indicator of Exciton Motion in Conjugated Polymers: Dependence on Chemical Structure and Temperature

The utility of picosecond fluorescence dynamics as an experimental indicator of exciton motion in conjugated polymers is assessed by examining the fluorescence dynamics of phenylene vinylene polymers and oligomers as a function of temperature and chemical derivatization. Both polycrystalline poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and an oligomeric analogue in polystyrene exhibit similar picosecond fluorescence Stokes shifts at all temperatures, indicating that this shift is due mostly to intramolecular relaxation. In PPV, the decay time of the integrated fluorescence decreases from 800 ps at 16 K (close to the oligomer lifetime of 930 ps) to 200 ps at 290 K and is accompanied by an increase in the anisotropy decay. A simple model for the dependence of the fluorescence decay on the exciton diffusion yields an activation energy of 170 cm-1 for exciton motion in PPV. In contrast to the unsubstituted PPV, poly[(2-methoxy-5-hexyloxy-p-phenylene)vinylene] (MH−PPV) forms an amorphous solid whose fluorescence Stokes sh...
Mass Media and the Spiral of Silence: The Philippines from Marcos to Aquino

Arguing against the applicability of the "spiral of silence" theory to the Philippines this author maintains that the alternative media--and an active audience--helped influence the events that precipitated the downfall of the Marcos regime in 1986. The controversial spiral of silence theory developed by Noelle-Neumann insists that the mainstream media can overcome any differences with its audiences perceptions given 3 conditions: consonance (a congruence of content and values within the mainstream media) cumulation (the constant repetition of messages) and ubiquity (their presence as public sources of information). This theory considers the audience as passive consumers and although it acknowledges its presence grants no role to alternative media in shaping public opinion. After discussing a number of unresolved conflicts between the spiral of silence theory and the great body of mass communication research the author examines the history of media in the Philippines during the Marcos years. The long-standing free press tradition in the Philippines came to an abrupt end in 1972 when Marcos declared martial law closed all privately owned print and broadcast facilities and jailed many opposition journalists. The mainstream media which had formed part of the opposition to Marcos suddenly underwent an ownership change coming under control of Marcos relatives and business associates. The article traces the accomplishments of the alternative media including the powerful voice of the Catholic Church that was heard through Jose Burgos who formed the first alternative newspaper. As human rights abuses and charges of corruption escalated the mainstream media found itself increasingly unable to suppress the information. And the audience showed its active involvement when it staged a boycott of the leading mainstream newspaper during the presidential election lost by Marcos.
Tumor-derived angiogenesis factors from rat Walker 256 carcinoma: an experimental investigation and review.

Angiogenesis, the process of developing a hemovascular network, is an essential feature of the growth of solid tumors, and is induced by factors secreted by tumor cells. Assay procedures suitable for the investigation of angiogenesis, and for the screening of angiogenesis factors during purification are reviewed; and a number of reports describing the purification of angiogenesis factors, primarily from the rat Walker 256 carcinoma as starting material, are discussed. Work from the authors' laboratory is also presented. Walker 256 cells grown in large-scale culture were the source of a reproducible and homogeneous source of angiogenic material. Factors secreted by these cells were isolated by a series of chromatographic steps. Ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl-Sephadex produced two active fractions, one of which was fractionated into several macromolecular species by lectin affinity and hydrophobic adsorption chromatography. The other gave a high mol.wt, active fraction that was resolved into a low mol.wt, active component and a non-angiogenic but possibly carrier molecule with a mol.wt of 140,000. While none of the angiogenic factors were identified chemically, the results demonstrate the existence of both high and low mol.wt tumor-secreted angiogenic substances, confirming the hypothesis for tumor-induced angiogenesis and predicting potential means to interfere with the process of tumor growth.
To fold or not to fold: modulation and consequences of Hsp90 inhibition.

Background: The 90-kDa heat-shock proteins (Hsp90) have rapidly evolved into promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that aids in the conformational maturation of nascent polypeptides, as well as the rematuration of denatured proteins. Discussion: Many of the Hsp90-dependent client proteins are associated with cellular growth and survival and, consequently, inhibition of Hsp90 represents a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. Conversely, stimulation of heat-shock protein levels has potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that result from misfolded and aggregated proteins. Conclusion: Hsp90 modulation exhibits the potential to treat unrelated disease states, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases, and, thus, to fold or not to fold, becomes a question of great value.
INCREMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR NONLINEAR RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS BY HYBRID STRESS FINITE ELEMENT

In this paper, on the basis of the incremental Reissner variational principle, a nonlinear finite element analysis has been accomplished and a formulation of hybrid stress element has been presented for incompressible Mooney rubber-like materials. The corrected terms of the non-equilibrium force and the incompressibility deviation are considered in the formulation. The computed values of numerical example agree very closely with the exact solution.
Returns to scale in the United States intercity bus industry

Abstract This paper has taken into account the a priori restrictions available from neoclassical cost theory in evaluating the relationship between cost and the level of output and input prices for U.S. intercity bus service. A general translog cost function is used which allows tests of the degree of returns to scale, homotheticity and non-constant elasticities of substitution among input pairs. Major empirical findings are: (i) the intercity bus service can be modeled by a homothetic production function, (ii) operators can substitute labor for capital by using vehicles more extensively, (iii) there are potential economies of scale in the provision of intercity bus service, and (iv) the Cobb-Douglas functional form used in earlier studies of the industry is inappropriate.
Chaos: Possible underpinnings for quantum mechanics?

Alternative, parallel explanations for a number of counter-intuitive concepts connected with the foundations of quantum mechanics can be constructed in terms of nonlinear dynamics. These include ideas as diverse as the statistical exponential decay law and spontaneous symmetry breaking to decoherence itself and the inference from violations of Bell’s inequality that local reality is ruled out in hidden variable extensions of quantum mechanics. Such alternative explanations must not be taken as demonstrations of nonlinear underpinnings for quantum mechanics, but they do raise the possibility of their existence. In this article I delve a bit into ideas connected with the exponential decay law and with Bell’s inequality as demonstrations. Then an investigation of the Klein-Gordon equation shows that it should not come as a complete surprise that quantum mechanics just might contain fundamental nonlinearities.
An Adaptometer for Measuring Human Dark Adaptation

An instrument is described with which one can measure the course of human visual dark adaptation under specified but flexible conditions useful for physiological and clinical investigation. The preadapting light adaptation is controlled in brightness, retinal location, and duration, and the subsequent dark adaptation of a specific retinal area is measured with light flashes whose spectral composition and duration are controlled.
Postmortem Ultrasonography of the Macerated Fetus Complements Autopsy following in Utero Fetal Demise

Postmortem evaluation following an in utero fetal demise is essential for determining cause of death and counseling regarding future pregnancies. Severe maceration and fetal size along with patient desires may limit the physician's ability to perform a complete autopsy. In the cases presented, we demonstrate the utility of postmortem ultrasonography as an adjunct to traditional autopsy following fetal demise.
Pilocytic and pilomyxoid hypothalamic/chiasmatic astrocytomas

OBJECTIVE: Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a common type of pediatric brain tumor that can arise within the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region and typically has an excellent outcome. We identified a group of tumors, previously classified as PAs, with unique histological features and aggressive behavior. This article describes the clinicopathological features of these unusual neoplasms, which are currently known as pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMAs), to better differentiate them from typical PAs. METHODS: Medical information and surgical specimens were obtained for 42 PA cases and 21 PMA cases. Patient demographic features, treatment modalities, progression-free servival (PFS) times, times, overall survival (OS) times, and outcomes were compared between the groups with nonparametric tests. RESULTS: The PMA group included 12 male and 9 femule patients. The PA group included 27 male and 15 female patients. The mean ages at diagnosis for the PMA and PA groups were 18 months (range, 2-84 mo) and 58 months (range, 4-189 mo), respectively (P < 0.01). The mean PFS times for the PMA and PA groups were 26 and 147 months, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean OS times for the PMA and PA groups were 63 and 213 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Sixteen patients with PMAs (76%) experienced local recurrence, and three of those patients demonstrated evidence of cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, Twenty-one patients with PAs (50%) experienced local recurrence, none with evidence of cerebrospinal fluid dissemination. Within the follow up period, seven patient with PMAs (33%) and seven patients with PAs (17%) died as a result of their disease. In an age-matched set, the mean PFS times for the PMA and PA groups were 25 and 163 months. respectively (P < 0.01), and the mean OS times for the PMA and PA groups were 60 and 233 month, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Hypothalamic/chiasmatic PMAs occurred in a significantly younger population and were associated with substantially shorter PFS and OS times than were typical PAs. Increased recognition of these lesions could affect the prognosis and treatment of pediatric astrocytomas.
Taking The Rhetoric Out of Theoretic Debate: A Rejoinder to Michalski

Michalski's (2008) critique of Marshall (2008) is rebutted. It is demonstrated that Michalski's response largely fails to address the substance of Marshall's argument, and instead deploys a number of characteristically Blackian rhetorical strategies to obscure the field. These include an inconsistent and opportunistic rejection of philosophical argument, the lamentation of an imaginary victimization, a reliance on reassertion over reasoning, the use of misleading examples, an attempt to turn to the critique against the critic, and the exaggeration of empirical evidence. As a result, his critique is not only unconvincing, but further substantiates Marshall's case.
Manufacturers' research in relation to electrical utilities

Research and development go together in any industry. In the electrical utilities field their areas cover basic scientific knowledge and power generation, distribution, and utilization. Although this industry has made giant strides ahead, progress demands continued research.
Does undergraduate major matter? Differences in salaries and satisfaction levels of Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics majors at Kansas State University

Abstract This research compares and contrasts the college and career experiences of graduates of the Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics undergraduate degree programs at Kansas State University. Using survey data, salary models were estimated for both majors. Starting salaries were not statistically different across majors, whereas current salaries were significantly higher for Agricultural Economics graduates. Alumni of both majors were found to be mobile and enjoy a high degree of satisfaction with their college and career experiences. Agribusiness majors were more likely to supervise employees and be more satisfied with working conditions than Agricultural Economics graduates.
Ascorbic Acid Content, pH, and Acceptability of Tomatoes Processed by Different Home Canning Methods

Each of six cultivars of tomatoes was hot packed and processed in one-pint glass jars by four home canning methods: 5 minutes at 10 pounds pressure, 10 minutes in a 100°C water bath (control), 35 minutes in a boiling water bath, and 10 minutes in a boiling water bath after addition of ¼ teaspoon citric acid per pint. The raw tomatoes ranged in pH from 4.11 to 4.71. The shape, texture, flavor, and jar fill of tomatoes processed by the pressure method were judged unacceptable by a sensory panel. Tomatoes processed 35 minutes in a boiling water bath were less acceptable than the 10-minute control. Acidified tomatoes were as acceptable as the 10-minute control in all respects except flavor, which was considered too sour at a pH of approximately 4.05. Ascorbic acid content of the acidified tomatoes was significantly lower than that of tomatoes processed with no acid added.
Classical aspects of ultracold atom wave packet motion through microstructured waveguide bends

The properties of low-density, low-energy matter wave packets propagating through waveguide bends are investigated. Time-dependent quantum-mechanical calculations using simple harmonic oscillator confining potentials are performed for a range of parameters close to those accessible by recent 'atom chip'-based experiments. We compare classical calculations based on Ehrenfest's theorem to these results to determine whether classical mechanics can predict the amount of transverse excitation as measured by the transverse heating. The present results thus elucidate some of the limits for which matter wave propagation through microstructures can be reliably considered using classical particle motion.
The Cation Radical Chain Cycloaddition Polymerization ofN,3-Bis(trans-1-propenyl)carbazole: The Critical Importance of Intramolecular Hole Transfer in Cation Radical Cycloaddition Polymerization

The synthesis and polymerization of N,3-[bis(trans-1-2)]carbazole (1) is reported. Using either the stable cation radical salt tris(4-2)aminium hexachloroantimonate (2 +.) or anodic oxidation to initiate the reaction, novel cycloaddition polymers are obtained in which the intermonomer linkages are of the cyclobutane, and to some extent of the Diels−Alder, type. A novel cation radical chain mechanism is proposed for the reaction, and extensive support for this mechanism is presented. The greatly enhanced reactivity of difunctional, as opposed to monofunctional, substrates in cation radical cycloadditions is dramatically highlighted by a comparison of the cycloaddition reactivity (rapid polymerization) of 1 versus N-propenylcarbazole (inefficient cyclodimerization) under electrochemical oxidation conditions. The sharply enhanced reactivity of 1 is attributed to the availability of intramolecular hole transfer in the bifunctional but not the monofunctional case.
Uterine position in adnexal torsion: specificity and sensitivity of ipsilateral deviation of the uterus

Background: Ipsilateral deviation of the uterus (IDU) has been suggested to be specific for torsion.
Analytical method for white phosphorus in water.

White phosphorus (P4) is a toxic, synthetic substance that has been used in poisons, smoke-screens, matches, and fireworks and as a raw material to produce phosphoric acid (Parkes 1951). Environmental contamination with P4 has occurred at facilities that either produce or use P4 (Jangaard 1972, Pearson et al. 1976) and areas where P4 munitions have been used (Racine et al. 1992, Racine et al. 1993). While thermodynamically unstable in aqueous solutions (Pourbaix 1966), P4 residues persist in aquatic environments and have caused massive mortality of fish (Jangaard 1972) and waterfowl (Racine et al. 1992).
An algorithm for generating minimum cost network flow problems with specific structure and known optimal solutions

A new algorithm for generating structured, minimum cost network flow problems (transshipment, transportation, assignment, and shortest path) with known optimal solutions is described. The procedure is based on developing problems around an optimal basis so that the characteristics of solutions can be controlled. Computational tests show that the problems generated are as difficult to solve as are those produced by the commonly used generator NETGEN, while allowing the user a much greater degree of control over the resulting problems. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The importance of establishing regimen concordance in preventing medication errors in anticoagulant care.

Miscommunication between patients and providers can have serious consequences, especially where medications are concerned. We examined whether regimen discordance between patient and provider, a possible result of miscommunication, contributes to unsafe medication management. We studied 220 patients taking warfarin in an anticoagulation clinic to characterize two medication assessment methods. We measured (1) adherence by asking patients to report any missed doses and (2) concordance between patients' and providers' reports of warfarin regimens. We categorized patients as having regimen adherence if they missed no doses, and concordance if there was patient-provider agreement in weekly dosage. We characterized anticoagulant outcomes as unsafe if international normalized ratio (INR) values were 4.0 (at risk for hemorrhage), and explored relationships among adherence, concordance, and anticoagulant outcomes. One hundred fifty-five patients (71%) reported no missed doses during the prior 30 days. Poor adherence was associated with underanticoagulation (AOR 2.33, 1.56-3.45), but not overanticoagulation (AOR 1.36, 0.69-2.66). One hundred ten patients (50%) reported regimens discordant with clinicians' report. There was no relationship between patients' reports of adherence and concordance. Among adherent patients, discordance was associated with underanticoagulation (AOR 1.67, 1.00-2.78) and overanticoagulation (AOR 3.44, 1.32-9.09). Discordance regarding warfarin regimens is common and places patients at risk for adverse events. To promote safe and effective care, clinicians should separately determine adherence and regimen concordance during routine medication assessments. Systems need to be developed to ensure concordance in medication regimens.
Human Dissection Resources

The Interactive Web column reviews freely available Internet resources that are interactive in some form and/or provide helpful videos and animations. The websites are used for assignments, lectures, and self-study purposes and are available for viewing within the Program Resources section of the Dr. Lon and Elizabeth Parr Reed Health Sciences Library (Reed Health Sciences Library) website at http://library.lmunet.edu/medlib. 1 Each of the favorite websites of users has a star. Lisa will be creating a new website for the interactive Internet resources over the next few months. This issue will highlight human anatomy dissection websites.
Public understanding of global warming

Abstract Ethnographic interviews were conducted with a small but diverse sample of U. S. residents in order to understand how ordinary citizens conceptualize global warming. Most informants had heard of the greenhouse effect. However, they conceptualized global climate change very differently than scientists because they interpreted it in terms of four preexistent categories: Stratospheric ozone depletion, plant photosynthesis, tropospheric pollution, and personally experienced temperature variation. Species extinctions and range shifts are among the most significant potential effects of global climate change, yet these effects were virtually unknown, and few informants could clearly articulate a value for species preservation in the abstract.
Theorizing Violence and the Dialectics of Landscape Memorialization: A Case Study of Greensboro, North Carolina

The study of the memorialization of landscapes of violence is a vibrant field both within and beyond geography. Previous scholarship has highlighted the contestation that surrounds the memorialization of landscapes of violence as well as the politics of memory that are manifest on the landscape. To date, however, little work has explicitly theorized ‘violence’; this has a tremendous bearing on the understanding of how, or if, certain ‘violent’ acts are remembered or memorialized. This paper constitutes an attempt to denaturalize violence through a foregrounding of ‘abstract’ and ‘concrete’ violence. Through a case study of racialized violence in Greensboro, North Carolina, we argue that geographers and other social scientists must articulate more clearly how violence, as a theoretical construct, is abstracted from the concrete realities of lived experience and represented discursively and materially on the landscape. We conclude that the potential for, and actual realized memorialization of landscapes of,...
The C. elegans pharynx: a model for organogenesis

The C. elegans foregut (pharynx) has emerged as a powerful system to study organ formation during embryogenesis. Here I review recent advances regarding cell-fate specification and epithelial morphogenesis during pharynx development. Maternally-supplied gene products function prior to gastrulation to establish pluripotent blastomeres. As gastrulation gets under way, pharyngeal precursors become committed to pharyngeal fate in a process that requires PHA-4/FoxA and the Tbox transcription factors TBX-2, TBX-35, TBX-37 and TBX-38. Subsequent waves of gene expression depend on the affinity of PHA-4 for its target promoters, coupled with combinatorial strategies such as feed-forward and positive-feedback loops. During later embryogenesis, pharyngeal precursors undergo reorganization and a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition to form the linear gut tube. Surprisingly, epithelium formation does not depend on cadherins, catenins or integrins. Rather, the kinesin ZEN-4/MKLP1 and CYK-4/RhoGAP are critical to establish the apical domain during epithelial polarization. Finally, I discuss similarities and differences between the nematode pharynx and the vertebrate heart.
Theory of preparation and relaxation of a p -orbital atomic Mott insulator

We develop a theoretical framework to understand the preparation and relaxation of a metastable Mott insulator state within the first excited band of a 1D optical lattice. The state is loaded by "lifting" atoms from the ground to the first excited band by means of a stimulated Raman transition. We determine the effect of pulse duration on the accuracy of the state preparation for the case of a Gaussian pulse shape. Relaxation of the prepared state occurs in two major stages: double-occupied sites occurring due to quantum fluctuations initially lead to interband transitions followed by a spreading of particles in the trap and thermalization. We find the characteristic relaxation times at the earliest stage and at asymptotically long times approaching equilibrium. Our theory is applicable to recent experiments performed with 1D optical lattices [T. Muller, S. Folling, A. Widera, and I. Bloch, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{99}, 200405 (2007)].
Disaster Awareness and Clinical Laboratory Students: A Place to Start

Ann, a clinical laboratory science (CLS) student was 4 weeks into her professional practice experience at a large hospital in the Midwest. She had never been employed in a hospital but was excited to now be completing this final portion of her undergraduate CLS experience. It was early on a sunny Monday morning when Ann arrived at the hospital and proceeded towards the laboratory. There were many people filling the corridors of the hospital; some were definitely employees, as evidenced by their employee badges, but for the others one could only guess if they were physicians, nurses, or visitors. As Ann neared the laboratory entrance, suddenly the automatic doors at both ends of the corridor closed tightly. Those who were strangers in the hallway just seconds before were now colleagues of sorts, enclosed in the corridor. Within a few seconds, 2 members of the response team entered the corridor in full gear and began to explain the situation. An “incident” had occurred and posed a potential risk for those in this corridor. Everyone was asked to remain calm and to stay where they were until there was more information available. With those instructions said, the response team left.
Measurement of cardiac output and central volume by a modified decholin test of circulation time.

A technic is described for determining mean circulation time, cardiac output, and central blood volume by use of graded dosages of sodium dehydrocholate (Decholin) administered into a peripheral vein. The indicator-dilution curves derived by the technic were compared with radiopotassium-dilution curves obtained simultaneously in 12 patients. The results showed a surprisingly good agreement between the 2 methods and indicate that the traditional Decholin test of circulation time can be modified to provide much more information than it has in the past.
Airway response to inhaled histamine in asymptomatic long-term marijuana smokers

Bronchial challenge with histamine was used to assess bronchial reactivity in asymptomatic individuals who were long-term social smokers of marijuana. Their reactivity was compared to that of nonsmokers and asthmatics. Spirometry results were normal in the marijuana users. There was no significant difference in bronchial reactivity between marijuana smokers and nonsmoking controls, whereas the asthmatics demonstrated the expected hyperreactivity. These observations suggest that customary social use of marijuana may not produce abnormalities in airway function detectable by spirometry or bronchoprovocation.
Provenance of Gebel El-Zeit sandstones, gulf of Suez, Egypt

Abstract The Paleozoic elastic succession at Gebel Zeit chiefly consists of fine- to medium-grained quartz arenite, locally containing well-rounded quartz pebbles. The marine Araba Formation (Early Cambrian) was deposited during transgression over a Precambrian granite. The overlying Naqus Formation (Late Cambrian) is fluvial, except for the uppermost few meters. Paleocurrent data for the Araba and Naqus formations indicate derivation from the north-northeast and south-southwest respectively. Quartz typology, other morphologic features of quartz, and mineral inclusions in quartz, as well as the study of heavy minerals were used to determine the provenance of the sandstones. Quartz typology successfully identified a granitic source for the Araba Formation. A combination of parameters indicates that the Naqus Formation was derived chiefly from a metamorphic terrain. Two ratios, polycrystalline/monocrystalline quartz and undulose/non-undulose quartz, successfully distinguish sandstones of the Araba Formation from those of the Naqus Formation. These values are 0.14 and 0.25 for Araba sandstones and 0.26 and 0.46 for Naqus sandstones, respectively. These differences either reflect different source rocks, or have resulted from selective abrasion loss of polycrystalline quartz in the rigorous surf zone during the marine transgression that deposited the Araba Formation.
Dynamics of Inclusion in Public Archaeology: An Introduction

With generous funding from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Dynamics of Inclusion in Public Archaeology workshop was held September 17–18, 2010 at the African Burial Ground National Monument in New York City. The workshop consisted of one day devoted to the presentation and discussion of original papers, eight of which are included in this collection. The second day of the workshop included a public program on ‘‘Archaeology and the Public in New York’’ as well as reflection on the workshop and public event by workshop participants. The workshop was organized by Christopher N. Matthews, Patrice L. Jeppson, and Carol McDavid. Participants included Anna Agbe-Davies, Linda Derry, John Carman, Patricia Carman, Pedro Funari, Cheryl J. LaRoche, Jed Levin Morag Kersel, Nick Shepherd, and Kerry F. Thompson. The workshop was planned in order to bring together a diverse set of public archaeologists representing varied areas of scholarly interest, global locations, and professional positions to explore questions about the actual participation of the public in public archaeology projects. Scholars from both academic and non-academic professional positions contributed original papers discussing their recent experience and research in public archaeology along with an annotated, public archaeology-based bibliography referencing the theoretical and methodological ideas at the base of this research. Papers considered research in Brazil, South Africa, England, Israel, Jordan, the Navajo Nation, and the United States. Questions about the definition of communities, archaeological advocacy and activism, IN T R O D U C T IO N
Molecular cluster study of the approach of CO to a Ni (100) surface

Electron transfer and bonding between an approaching CO molecule and the (100) surface of nickel has been studied, using recently developed, discrete variational molecular cluster methods.
Mutually Exclusive Inactivation of DMP1 and ARF/p53 in Lung Cancer

Dmp1 (Dmtf1) is activated by oncogenic Ras-Raf signaling and induces cell-cycle arrest in an Arf, p53-dependent fashion. The survival of K-ras(LA) mice was shortened by approximately 15 weeks in both Dmp1(+/-) and Dmp1(-/-) backgrounds, the lung tumors of which showed significantly decreased frequency of p53 mutations compared to Dmp1(+/+). Approximately 40% of K-ras(LA) lung tumors from Dmp1(+/+) mice lost one allele of the Dmp1 gene, suggesting the primary involvement of Dmp1 in K-ras-induced tumorigenesis. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the hDMP1 gene was detectable in approximately 35% of human lung carcinomas, which was found in mutually exclusive fashion with LOH of INK4a/ARF or that of P53. Thus, DMP1 is a pivotal tumor suppressor for both human and murine lung cancers.
disease, starvation, and Northern Athapaskan social organization

Prevailing theories of precontact Northern Athapaskan social organization assume environmental severity and periodic famine. An analysis of the effects of several postcontact factors, including severe and constant disease, the possible concurrence of disease and starvation, and trade-related variables, on the population of the Kutchin suggests modifications in the prevailing theories. Specifically, it is proposed that bilocal and bilateral organization among Mackenzie Drainage Athapaskans may result from postcontact factors and that matriorganization was characteristic in the precontact period.
“It’s Dude Time!”: A Quarter Century of Excluding Women’s Sports in Televised News and Highlight Shows

The last quarter century has seen a dramatic movement of girls and women into sport, but this social change is reflected unevenly in sports media. This study, a 5year update to a 25-year longitudinal study, indicates that the quantity of coverage of women’s sports in televised sports news and highlights shows remains dismally low. Even more so than in past iterations of this study, the lion’s share of coverage is given to the ‘‘big three’’ of men’s pro and college football, basketball, and baseball. The study reveals some qualitative changes over time, including a decline in the once-common tendency to present women as sexualized objects of humor replaced by a tendency to view women athletes in their roles as mothers. The analysis highlights a stark contrast between the exciting, amplified delivery of stories about men’s sports, and the often dull, matter-of-fact delivery of women’s sports stories. The article ends with suggestions for three policy changes that would move TV sports news and highlights shows toward greater gender equity and fairness.
Linear system modeling and identification by basis functions selective in time and frequency

Often, a design of technical systems has to satisfy requirements simultaneously specified in the physical domain (e.g. time) and the transform (analysis) domain (e.g. frequency). An approach to the task is to use as design "atoms" objects with known and controllable characteristics in the both domains. Here, discrete-time basis functions (BF) selective in time and frequency are proposed for modeling of discrete-time linear systems. The systems are in general time-varying. The BF-based models are further used in identification of linear discrete-time systems and in adaptive filtering. System parameter estimates are affected by the output noise. The nose effects can vanish if the input signal and the system model satisfy some conditions. Basis functions selective in time and frequency can provide the selective sensitivity of parameter estimates to the narrow-band noise and/or impulse noise. This is illustrated by two examples: the identification of a echo path and the identification of a periodically time-varying system.
Effects of chronic corticosterone treatment on the morphology of rat neuromuscular junctions.

This study examined the effects of chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment on the morphology of two physiologically different muscles. Nerve terminals from the slow twitch soleus (SOL) and fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of Fischer 344 rats were stained using the zinc iodide osmium (ZIO) technique. Nerve terminal area, perimeter, and logitudinal extent legth were measured using computer-aided morphometry. Slow and fast muscle fibers from animals which received 5–10 mg CORT per day for 3 months were atrophied compared with controls. Treated animals failed to gain weight during the study, while controls gained 37%. Adrenal weights in treated animals were 30% less than controls, after correction for body weight. Morphological parameters for SOL nerve terminals were generally larger in the CORT group, while EDL nerve terminals from the CORT group did not differ significantly from controls. Soleus nerve terminal area was 43% greater, perimeter 14% longer, and logitudinal extent length 18% longer than the control nerve terminals. This study demonstrates a greater effect of CORT treatment on slow twitch muscle than has been demonstrated in previous studies. Changes in the nerve terminal morphology of the SOL were also greater than in previous studies and suggest that a functional adaptation or remodelling may occur following CORT treatment to maintain the neuromuscular interface during the enhanced catabolic effects of the steroid. These steroid-induced stress changes are similar in some respects to those observed in aging and disuse studies of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. This suggests that glucocorticoid hormones may play an etiological role in the homeostasis of the neuromuscular junction in response to various stimuli.
Modeling of the electrostrictive, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of ceramic PbTiO/sub 3/

The upper and lower limits of the electrostrictive constants, dielectric permittivities, spontaneous polarizations, and piezoelectric coefficients were calculated for ceramic PbTiO/sub 3/ from theoretical single-crystal constants. Experimental ceramic data fall between these upper and lower limits. The large piezoelectric anisotropy d/sub 33//d/sub 31/ of ceramic PbTiO/sub 3/ was shown to be related to the single-crystal PbTiO/sub 3/ electrostrictive anisotropies Q/sub 11//Q/sub 12/ and Q/sub 44//Q/sub 12/. The possibility of a change in sign of the ceramic d/sub 31/ coefficient due to a slight variation in the single-crystal electrostrictive anisotropies was discussed. The single-crystal and predicted ceramic hydrostatic electrostrictive constants were found to be equal. Using this result the ceramic hydrostatic g/sub h/ coefficient is always smaller than the single-crystal g/sub h/, but the ceramic hydrostatic d/sub h/ coefficient can be either larger or smaller than the single-crystal d/sub h/ depending on the dielectric anisotropy ( epsilon /sub 11// epsilon /sub 33/) of the single-crystal. >
Pulse Stimulation with Odors or IBMX/Forskolin Potentiates Responses in Isolated Olfactory Neurons

Many odor responses are mediated by the adenosine 3#,5#-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway in which the cAMP-gated current is amplified by Ca 2+ -dependent Cl current. In olfactory neurons, prolonged exposure to odors decreases the odor response and is an adaptive effect. Several studies suggest that odor adaptation is linked to elevated intracellular Ca 2+ .I n the present study, using the perforated configuration of the patch clamp technique, we found that repetitive odor stimulation elicits a potentiation of the subsequent responses in olfactory neurons. This potentiation is mimicked by stimulating the cAMP pathway and does not appear to be related to phosphorylation of ion channels since protein kinase inhibitors could not block it. Our data suggest that local increases in [Ca 2+ ]i via activation of the cAMP pathway mediate the pulse-elicited potentiation. In the first odor application, entry of Ca 2+ through cyclic nucleotide–gated channels appears to be buffered. Repetitive stimulation allows local increases in [Ca 2+ ]i, recruiting more Ca 2+ -dependent Cl channels with each subsequent
Resolution of nebivolol-induced coronary vasospasm by intracoronary nitroglycerin during a coronary angiogram

Nebivolol is a novel beta1-selective beta-blocker with vasodilator properties mediated through activation of the l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. There is no published report of coronary artery spasm associated with nebivolol. We describe a 64-year-old female patient who developed unstable angina secondary to nebivolol-induced vasospastic angina which was also visible during coronary angiography.