cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic reduction of sign errors in many-body problems: Generalization of self-healing diffusion Monte Carlo to excited states

A recently developed self-healing diffusion Monte Carlo algorithm [F. A. Reboredo, R. Q. Hood, and P. R. C. Kent, Phys. Rev. B 79, 195117 (2009)] is extended to the calculation of excited states. The formalism is based on an excited-state fixed-node approximation and the mixed estimator of the excited-state probability density. The fixed-node ground-state wave-functions of inequivalent nodal pockets are found simultaneously using a recursive approach. The decay of the wave-function into lower-energy states is prevented using two methods: (i) the projection of the improved trial-wave function into previously calculated eigenstates is removed; and (ii) the reference energy for each nodal pocket is adjusted in order to create a kink in the global fixed-node wave-function, which, when locally smoothed, increases the volume of the higher-energy pockets at the expense of the lower-energy ones until the energies of every pocket become equal. This reference energy method is designed to find nodal structures that are local minima for arbitrary fluctuations of the nodes within a given nodal topology. It is demonstrated in a model system that the algorithm converges to many-body eigenstates in bosonic and fermionic cases.
Milk intake, height and body mass index in preschool children

Objectives To evaluate links between the volume of milk consumed and weight and height status in children aged 4 and 5 years. Design We analysed data from 8950 children followed up as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Birth cohort, a nationally representative cohort of children. We used linear and logistic regression to assess associations of daily servings of milk intake at age 4 years with z-scores of body mass index (BMI), height and weight-for-height at 4 and 5 years, adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and type of milk consumed. Results Among children who drank milk at age 4 years, higher milk consumption was associated with higher z-scores of BMI, height and weight-for-height at 4 years (all p Conclusions In a cohort of children at age 4 years, the volume of milk consumed was associated with higher weight status and taller stature, while at 5 years, higher milk consumption continued to be associated with taller stature. Given higher odds of overweight/obesity with milk consumption ≥3 servings daily, this study supports current American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations that pre-school children consume two milk servings daily.
Broadband instrumentation for spectroscopy in turbid media using NIR

A custom designed broadband NIR spectroscopy system is reported. A high-speed high power optical transmitter is designed over the frequency range from 100 MHz up to 3 GHz. Phantom experiments are performed to extract optical parameters of a turbid media simulating a breast tissue. Both broadband and single-frequency extraction methods are used to extract optical parameters of the phantom model. The comparison shows that the achieved extraction accuracy of optical parameter (/spl mu//sub a/, /spl mu//sub z/) using broadband extraction method is better than the single frequency technique.
Breathing Resistance and Ultrafine Particle Deposition in Nasal–Laryngeal Airways of a Newborn, an Infant, a Child, and an Adult

As a human grows from birth to adulthood, both airway anatomy and breathing conditions vary, altering the deposition rate and pattern of inhaled aerosols. However, deposition studies have typically focused on adult subjects, results of which may not be readily extrapolated to children. This study numerically evaluated the age-related effects on the airflow and aerosol dynamics in image-based nose–throat models of a 10-day-old newborn, a 7-month-old infant, a 5-year-old child, and a 53-year-old adult. Differences in airway physiology, breathing resistance, and aerosol filtering efficiency among the four models were quantified and compared. A high-fidelity fluid-particle transport model was employed to simulate the multi-regime airflows and particle transport within the nasal–laryngeal airways. Ultrafine particles were evaluated under breathing conditions ranging from sedentary to heavy activities. Results of this study indicate that the nasal–laryngeal airways at different ages, albeit differ significantly in morphology and dimension, do not significantly affect the total deposition fractions or maximum local deposition enhancement for ultrafine aerosols. Further, the deposition partitioning in the sub-regions of interest is different among the four models. Results of this study corroborate the use of the in vivo-based diffusion parameter (D0.5Q−0.28) over the replica-based parameter in correlating nasal–laryngeal depositions of ultrafine aerosols. Improved correlations have been developed for the four age groups by implementing this in vivo-based diffusion parameter as well as the Cunningham correction factor.
Data-driven lexicon expansion for Mandarin broadcast news and conversation speech recognition

We present a data-driven framework for expanding the lexicon to improve Mandarin broadcast news and conversation speech recognition. The lexicon expansion includes the generation of pronunciation variants for frequent words and vocabulary augmentation with new words and phrases derived from the training data. To learn multiple pronunciations, we first generate all possible pronunciation candidates for a word from its character pronunciation network. The top pronunciation variants are then selected from forced alignment statistics. To augment the acoustic vocabulary, we propose an efficient algorithm that derives new words based on N-gram statistics. Experiments show that a dictionary expanded in this manner yields significant improvements on a Mandarin broadcast speech recognition task.
The miR-15/107 gene group in neurodegenerative diseases

P4-124 RECENT FINDINGS FROM THE OLDER AUSTRALIAN TWINS STUDY (OATS) Perminder Sachdev, Julian Trollor, Andrea Lammel, Teresa Lee, Margaret Wright, David Ames, Henry Brodaty, Wei Wen, The OATS Research Team, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia.
Isolation of MEMS devices from package stresses by use of compliant metal interposers

Many classes of MEMS devices, such as those with resonant structures, capacitive readouts, and diaphragm elements, are sensitive to stresses that are exerted by their surrounding package structure. Such stresses can arise as a result of changes in temperature, ambient pressure, or relative humidity. We have demonstrated a dramatic reduction in scale factor bias over temperature for a tuning fork gyroscope, by mounting it on an interposer structure within a conventional ceramic chip carrier. Holographic interferometry measurements confirmed that the deformation imposed on a sensor die directly brazed to the package was more than 5 times that of die mounted with an interposer. We have developed several configurations of metal interposer structures for mounting MEMS inertial sensors in standard ceramic chip carrier packages. The interposers are made by first precision chemically etching preforms in metal foil. These preforms are then electroplated with a wire bondable surface finish of gold over nickel. Next, they are excised from the multi-up foil panel and formed to hold the sensor within the package. The interposers are configured with either three or four tabs for holding the MEMS sensors. Gold bumps are applied to these tabs and then the sensors are attached with thermocompression bonding. This assembly is attached to the ceramic package by thermocompression bonding to gold bumps on lands of the wirebond shelf. Wirebonds are made to the I/O pads of the sensor to complete its installation.
Estimating and Testing Continuous-Time Models in Finance: The Role of Transition Densities

This article surveys recent developments to estimate and test continuous-time models in finance using discrete observations on the underlying asset price or derivative securities' prices. Both parametric and nonparametric methods are described. All these methods share a common focus on the transition density as the central object for inference and testing of the model.
Women at Midlife: An Exploration of Chronological Age, Subjective Age, Wellness, and Life Satisfaction

Women (N = 224) between 35 and 65 years old participated in a study that examined the relationship among chronological age, subjective age, wellness, and life satisfaction. Women whose subjective age was less than or equal to their chronological age reported greater wellness; total wellness was a significant predictor of life satisfaction.
Language and Talk

Language and talk are central to the creation and reproduction of inequality. In this chapter, we address three major questions: How is inequality visible in language and talk? How do language and talk create and sustain inequalities? And how do people respond to inequality—whether to resist it, negotiate it, or manage it—through language and talk? After discussing the diverse intellectual roots of social psychological research on language, we review the current literature, focusing in turn on words and other elementary elements of talk, utterances, interaction, and discourse. We conclude with a critical evaluation of the field, noting the need for social psychologists to focus on a broader range of different types of inequality, synthesize findings across theoretical perspectives, disciplines, and dimensions of inequality, and attend to intersectionality and social structure.
Identifying software components from process requirements using domain model and object libraries

Reuse is believed to be critical when software must be developed within an acceptable time frame. A major problem of reuse, however, is the possible representational bias the reuse of design artifacts may create in the development of the overall system design strategies. One way to address this issue is to develop system design strategies from the analysis phase by reusing artifacts of domain knowledge. Domain analysis research has proposed the use of artifacts such as objectives, processes, actions and higher-level data objects to define system requirements from business processes. The question then is: How can one take advantage of reusable objects from the domain analysis and design phases to configure software components that meet business requirements? This research builds on earlier work in the domain analysis area in deriving system requirements, but combines these requirements with available software object repositories to arrive at software components for program design. This process is illustrated through a tool called Systems Analysis and Design Assistant (SADA), which is applied to a sales order processing application. SADA is implemented in Jess (The Java Expert System Shell).
Annual accumulation over recent centuries at four sites in central Greenland

[1] Accurate accumulation records are fundamental to understanding mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. Ice cores can provide multicentury, high-resolution ground-based point estimates of water accumulation. In 2003 and 2004, four new ice cores were collected in the central western (D4 and D5) and Summit (Sandy and Katie) regions of Greenland. Annual layer counting based on multiple glaciochemical parameters (primarily hydrogen peroxide, sea salt, and dust proxies) was used to date the ice cores, resulting in annual dating. The bottom depth ages for D4, D5, Sandy, and Katie were estimated at 1738, 1673, 1844, and 1934 A.D., with mean annual accumulation rates of 41.4, 35.2, 22.4, and 22.4 cmweq yr−1, respectively. These new records were in good agreement with previous accumulation maps and four previously published records from nearby multicentury ice cores. Spatial variability was quantified through an analysis of variance, thereby allowing for more meaningful comparisons to atmospheric processes. More regionally representative accumulation records were constructed for the central western and Summit regions spanning recent centuries using a principle component analysis of both the new and previously reported ice core measurements. These regional records exhibited 6–7% interannual variability (1 standard deviation of the mean) and had lower spatial variability uncertainties than individual accumulation records. Correlations indicate that ∼20% of the variance in the central western region was explained by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and suggests that an array of more northern ice cores may correlate more closely with NAO.
Myofascial trigger point development from visual and postural stressors during computer work

The mechanism of musculoskeletal pain underlying low level static exertions, such as those experienced during computer work, is poorly understood. It was hypothesized that static postural and visual stress experienced during computer work might contribute to trigger point development in the trapezius muscles, resulting in myofascial pain. A study was conducted to observe the development of myofascial trigger points while 16 female subjects used a computer under conditions of high and low postural and visual stress. Trigger point development was monitored via expert opinion, subject self-report, and electromyographic activity. Only the high visual stress conditions resulted in greater trigger point sensitivity as reported by subjects and the myofascial specialist. Cyclic trends in median frequency of the EMG signal were assessed for the trapezius muscle. When high visual stress was combined with low postural stress condition there were significantly fewer cycles (1.6 cycles) as compared to the condition of low visual and low postural stress (2.8 cycles), and the condition of high visual and high postural stress (3.5 cycles). These significant differences between conditions were found for the right trapezius but not for the left. The findings suggest that high visual stress may be involved in the development of the myofascial pain response.
Choice of and overall satisfaction with pharmacies among a community-dwelling elderly population.

Objectives To identify factors related to elderly consumers' choice of pharmacy types and their overall satisfaction with pharmacy services provided by: a single community pharmacy, multiple pharmacies with a primary community pharmacy, a single mail order pharmacy, and multiple pharmacies with a primary mail order pharmacy. Data Data were extracted from the Texas Tech 5000 survey of consumers, age 65 years or older, in West Texas. The survey contains information about the respondents' health services use, pharmacy service use, satisfaction with accessibility and quality, health insurance coverage, health beliefs, health status, and demographics, as well as other health-related factors. Methods An endogenous treatment effect model was used to examine elderly consumers' choice of and satisfaction with different types of pharmacies. The first stage of the estimation identified factors related to consumers' choice of pharmacies. The second stage estimated the effects of pharmacy types on consumers' overall satisfaction with pharmacy services, controlling for self-selection. Results The type of pharmacy was a significant determinant of satisfaction. Self-selection was found in the determination of consumers' overall satisfaction with pharmacy services. Controlling for self-selection, elderly consumers who used a single community pharmacy and who used multiple pharmacies with a primary mail order pharmacy were the most satisfied with their pharmacy services. The type of pharmacy that ranked lowest in overall consumer satisfaction was multiple pharmacies with a primary community pharmacy. Insurance coverage of prescription drugs was significantly associated with consumers' choice of pharmacy. The greater the number of prescription drugs a consumer took, the higher the odds were that they used multiple pharmacies. Conclusions Although using a single community pharmacy may create close patient-pharmacist relationships and improve health outcomes, consumers may be diverted from this choice because of price concerns and insurance diversification.
A Short Down-Blistered Foot Lethal and a Congenital, Crippling Mutant of the Domestic Fowl

Abstract THE description and segregation of two recessive mutant traits which appeared among the progeny of a single male chicken are reported here. This male was one of a group of chickens received from a commercial source to be used in a nutrition study, however, because of blindness, it was removed from the nutrition experiment and given to the author for genetic studies. Completion of the F1 and backcross generations showed that its blindness had no genetic basis, but it also showed that the original male was heterozygous for two recessive mutant traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The original blind male chicken was a commercial White Plymouth Rock broiler type. He was raised to maturity and bred to six “normal” New Hampshire females. Forty F1 generation chicks were hatched from these matings, all of which appeared normal. At maturity, however, only 12 females and four males were still available for further matings.…
Carotid Chemoreceptor Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Developing Kittens

Breathing pattern in the newborn is characterized by irregularity and instability, the ventilatory (VE) defense against hypoxia is not sustained (Bureau et al, 1982, 1984, 1985; Lawson and Long 1983; Martin-Body and Johnston, 1988) and, in some species, the VE response to hypercapnia is not sustained (Schweiler, 1968). Spontaneous oscillation of breathing pattern (Nugent and Finley 1987; Hathorn 1978), post-sigh (or movement) apnea and oscillation (Fleming et al., 1984), periodic breathing, and central, obstructive, and mixed apnea (Waggener et al., 1989) have become hallmarks of newborn breathing control.
Abstract 2145: The Long-term Trajectory Of Functional Decline Before And After Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Study

Background: Previous research in our population showed a steeper long-term decline in functional status after first ischemic stroke among those with Medicaid or no insurance compared to those with Medicare or private insurance. With only post-stroke data, it was unknown whether these findings were caused by the stroke. We sought to compare the long-term trajectory of functional status before and after ischemic stroke. Methods: The Northern Manhattan Study contains a prospective, population-based study of stroke-free individuals >40 years of age, followed for a median of 10 years. The Barthel index (BI) was assessed annually. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess functional decline over time before and after stroke. The 6 months after stroke were ignored, since the course of recovery during this period is well documented, and our interest was the long-term course of functional status. Follow-up was censored at the time of recurrent stroke. Sociodemographic and medical risk factors were included and results were stratified by insurance status. Linearity of the curves was evaluated by plotting residuals against time and with a lowess curve. Results: Among 3298 participants, 261 had an ischemic stroke during follow-up, of which 51 died within 6 months of stroke. Among the remaining 210 participants, mean age at stroke (standard deviation) was 77+9 years, 38% were male, 52% were Hispanic, 37% had diabetes, and 31% had coronary artery disease. There was no difference in functional decline over time before and after stroke (p= 0.51), with a decline of 0.96 BI points per year before stroke (p<.0001) and 1.24 after stroke (p=0.001). However, when stratified by insurance status, among those with Medicaid or no insurance, in a fully adjusted model, there was a difference in slope before and after stroke (p=0.04), with a decline of 0.58 BI points per year before stroke (p=0.02) and 1.94 after stroke (p=0.001). Other predictors of worse functional status were increasing age, female sex, diabetes, and being married. Conclusion: In this large, prospective, population-based study with long-term follow-up, there was a significantly steeper decline in functional status after ischemic stroke compared to before stroke among those with Medicaid or no insurance, after adjusting for confounders. The cause of this differential decline is not known but may be related to poor control of risk factors, silent strokes, or an effect of socioeconomic status.
Colonic Metastasis with Anemia Leading to a Diagnosis of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma

Metastasis occurs with 50% of lung carcinomas, most commonly to lymph nodes, adrenal glands, liver, bone, and brain. It is extremely rare for lung cancer to present with symptoms of a gastrointestinal metastasis and even more so pertaining to the colon. To the best of our knowledge, only 12 such cases have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of a 71-year-old female presenting with refractory iron deficiency anemia that was found to have a lesion in the transverse colon. Pathology revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung and a subsequent lung lesion was discovered in a retrograde fashion.
Characterization and Investigation of the Thermal Dependence of ${\rm Cs}_{2}{\rm LiYCl}_{6}:{\rm Ce}^{3+}$ (CLYC) Waveforms

Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) is a promising new inorganic scintillator for gamma-ray spectroscopy and thermal neutron detection with the capability for pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We verify the scintillation mechanisms responsible for optical emission under gamma- and neutron-induced excitation by fitting decay functions to the waveform structures. Under gamma-excitation, we observe the ultrafast, fast, intermediate, and slow scintillation mechanisms reported in the literature. Thermal neutron waveforms, however, show no evidence of ultrafast decay. We then investigate the thermal dependence of the waveforms in a range from - 20 to +50°C. Despite some thermally-variant emission components, we conclude that PSD is feasible at the range of temperatures investigated.
Signaling through alternative Integrated Stress Response pathways compensates for GCN2 loss in a mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma

The tumor microenvironment is characterized by deficiencies in oxygen and nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids. Activation of the GCN2 arm of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in response to amino acid deprivation is one mechanism by which tumor cells cope with nutrient stress. GCN2 phosphorylates the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2, leading to global downregulation of translation to conserve amino acids and initiation of a transcriptional program through ATF4 to promote recovery from nutrient deprivation. Loss of GCN2 results in decreased tumor cell survival in vitro under amino acid deprivation and attenuated tumor growth in xenograft tumor models. However, it is not known what effects GCN2 loss has on the growth of autochthonous tumors that arise in their native microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate in a genetically engineered mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma that loss of GCN2 has no effect on tumor growth or animal survival. The sarcomas displayed compensatory activation of PERK or phospho-eIF2α independent upregulation of ATF4 in order to maintain ISR signaling, indicating that this pathway is critical for tumorigenesis. These results have important implications for the development and testing of small molecule inhibitors of ISR kinases as cancer therapeutics.
Meaningful use care coordination criteria: Perceived barriers and benefits among primary care providers.

Background Stage 2 and proposed Stage 3 meaningful use criteria ask providers to support patient care coordination by electronically generating, exchanging, and reconciling key information during patient care transitions. Methods A stratified random sample of primary care practices in Michigan ( n = 328) that had already met Stage 1 meaningful use criteria was surveyed, in order to identify the anticipated barriers to meeting these criteria as well as the expected impact on patient care coordination from doing so. Results The top three barriers, as identified by >65% of the primary care providers surveyed, were difficulty sending and receiving patient information electronically, a lack of provider and practice staff time, and the complex workflow changes required. Despite these barriers, primary care providers expressed strong agreement that meeting the proposed Stage 3 care coordination criteria would improve their patients’ treatment and ensure they know about their patients’ visits to other providers. Conclusion The survey results suggest the need to enhance policy approaches and organizational strategies to address the key barriers identified by providers and practices in order to realize important care coordination benefits.
Scalable, HIL, Unconstrained 3-Axis Test Bed for Attitude Control Systems

A new approach for verification and validation (V&V) of attitude control systems (ACSs) is presented. Air bearings have by far been the unanimous choice for attitude control test bed platforms. However, the infrastructure required in developing and using such air bearing systems are extensive and result in very expensive test beds, thereby restricting such facilities to a very small number. There has been limited research in the development of alternative forms of test beds. This paper introduces a simple and fast approach to validate attitude control systems which makes it suitable for testing responsive space hardware. The approach is primarily based on the measurement of output torque of the attitude actuator using a torque sensing platform called GATorSense developed in house. The approach also provides the ability to perform V&V in thermal and vacuum environments. Additionally, the utility of the GATorSense as an actuator characterization tool is presented with results from a test performed on a control moment gyroscope.
Network-Wide Anomaly Event Detection and Diagnosis With perfSONAR

High-performance computing (HPC) environments supporting data-intensive applications need multidomain network performance measurements from open frameworks such as perfSONAR. Detected network-wide correlated anomaly events that impact data throughput performance need to be quickly and accurately notified along with a root-cause analysis for remediation. In this paper, we present a novel network anomaly events detection and diagnosis scheme for network-wide visibility that improves accuracy of root-cause analysis. We address analysis limitations in cases where there is absence of complete network topology information, and when measurement probes are mis-calibrated leading to erroneous diagnosis. Our proposed scheme fuses perfSONAR time-series path measurements data from multiple domains using principal component analysis (PCA) to transform data for accurate correlated and uncorrelated anomaly events detection. We quantify the certainty of such detection using a measurement data sanity checking that involves: 1) measurement data reputation analysis to qualify the measurement samples and 2) filter framework to prune potentially misleading samples. Lastly, using actual perfSONAR one-way delay measurement traces, we show our proposed scheme’s effectiveness in diagnosing the root-cause of critical network performance anomaly events.
University of Wisconsin experience treating adult ALL with the BFM regimen

16501 Background: Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster therapy (BFM) is an effective regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults (Lancet 2:921–924,1988). Treating children and y...
The Factors Affecting the Extent of American Minority Ethics' Political Involvement

The political involvement means a lot to a nation or region's economic and political development.America is one of the earliest state who build up the system,though the minority ethics take less portion.From sociological view,the paper analyzes the factors that affect.
NIH Precision Medicine Initiative: Implications for Diabetes Research

In his January 2015 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama announced a new Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) to personalize approaches toward improving health and treating disease (www.whitehouse.gov/precision-medicine). He stated that the goal of such an initiative was "to bring us closer to curing diseases like cancer and diabetes, and to give all of us access to the personalized information we need to keep ourselves and our families healthier." Since that time, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has taken a leadership role in implementing the President's vision related to biomedical research (www.nih.gov/precisionmedicine). Here, we discuss the NIH component of the PMI, related ongoing diabetes research, and near-term research that could position the diabetes field to take full advantage of the opportunities that stem from the PMI.
Emergencies in acid-peptic disease

Perforation and hemorrhage are the major complications of peptic ulcer disease today. The significance of these two conditions is underscored by the more than 5000 deaths that resulted from these complications in the United States in 1979. A consideration of these two complications forms the basis of the present discussion.
Vigilance and the reinforcing properties of shock.

There have been some observations to indicate that waiting for a shock is stressful, that the coining of an anticipated shock can serve as a tension reliever, and that failure to obtain an anticipated shock is more stressful than being shocked. Based on these observations, the following hypotheses were tested. If it is true that failure to receive shock is more stressful than the shock itself, it should be possible to train an animal to bring on a shock that had failed to come when anticipated. If a period of anticipating shock is stressful, and shock serves as a reliever of the stress, it should be possible to train an animal to perform a response instrumental to bringing on the shock sooner.
Suggesting examples to novice programmers in an open-ended context with the example guru

Many novice programmers use blocks-based programming environments outside of classrooms, due to a lack of computer science education in schools. Many solutions for supporting learning in these environments are out of the context of the programming environment and the user's project. In this poster, we present a way of expanding novice users' knowledge of a blocks-based programming environment by suggesting examples during open-ended programming.
Collateral knowledge : legal reasoning in the global financial markets

Who are the agents of financial regulation? Is good (or bad) financial governance merely the work of legislators and regulators? Here Annelise Riles argues that financial governance is made not just through top-down laws and policies but also through the daily use of mundane legal techniques such as collateral by a variety of secondary agents, from legal technicians and retail investors to financiers and academics and even computerized trading programs. Drawing upon her ten years of ethnographic fieldwork in the Japanese derivatives market, Riles explores the uses of collateral in the financial markets as a regulatory device for stabilizing market transactions. How collateral operates, Riles suggests, is paradigmatic of a class of low-profile, mundane, but indispensable activities and practices that are all too often ignored as we think about how markets should work and be governed. Riles seeks to democratize our understanding of legal techniques and demonstrate how these day-to-day private actions can be reformed to produce more effective forms of market regulation.
Whiteness in the academy: using vignettes to move beyond safe silences

ABSTRACTThis point of departure presents the writings of a White, female teacher educator’s experiences in the academy. Through the use of vignettes, the author discusses how four recent experiences – and her writing about those experiences – reveal the insidiousness of silence and Whiteness in the academy.
Evaluation of Automated Identity Masking Method (AIM) in Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS)

Identity masking methods have been developed in recent years for use in multiple applications aimed at protecting privacy. There is only limited work, however, targeted at evaluating effectiveness of methods–with only a handful of studies testing identity masking effectiveness for human perceivers. Here, we employed human participants to evaluate identity masking algorithms on video data of drivers, which contains subtle movements of the face and head. We evaluated the effectiveness of the “personalized supervised bilinear regression method for Facial Action Transfer (FAT)” de-identification algorithm. We also evaluated an edge-detection filter, as an alternate “fill-in” method when face tracking failed due to abrupt or fast head motions. Our primary goal was to develop methods for humanbased evaluation of the effectiveness of identity masking. To this end, we designed and conducted two experiments to address the effectiveness of masking in preventing recognition and in preserving action perception. 1- How effective is an identity masking algorithm?We conducted a face recognition experiment and employed Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to measure human accuracy and decision bias. The accuracy results show that both masks (FAT mask and edgedetection) are effective, but that neither completely eliminated recognition. However, the decision bias data suggest that both masks altered the participants’ response strategy and made them less likely to affirm identity. 2- How effectively does the algorithm preserve actions? We conducted two experiments on facial behavior annotation. Results showed that masking had a negative effect on annotation accuracy for the majority of actions, with differences across action types. Notably, the FAT mask preserved actions better than the edge-detection mask. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate a deidentification method aimed at preserving facial actions employing human evaluators in a laboratory setting.
Epidemiologic patterns of in-hospital anaphylaxis in pediatric surgical patients.

The incidence of in-hospital anaphylaxis in pediatric surgical patients has more than doubled between 2003 and 2012. Patients with hematological and myeloproliferative disorders, particularly when admitted for bone marrow transplant, are at especially heightened risk.
A Numerical and Experimental Study of Laminar Unsteady Lid-Driven Cavity Flows

An experimental and numerical study was conducted to study unsteady lid-driven cavity flows. More specifically, the development of the circulation patterns inside a square cavity due to the movement of a rigid impermeable lid at constant velocity was observed experimentally and predicted numerically by CFD codes.Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV) technique was used to determine the flow field as it develops from stagnation to steady state inside a one inch (25.4 mm) square cavity driven by an impermeable lid. To avoid the three dimensional effects on the primary vortex, the depth of the cavity is taken to be 5 inches (127 mm). Working fluid is water and it is seeded with hallow glass spheres with 10 microns diameter. Experimental study was conducted for different lid velocities corresponding to Reynolds numbers for laminar to intermittent turbulence. The numerical study was carried out using commercial and in-house CFD codes for the steady state case, and using a commercial CFD code for the unsteady case. The predictions of unsteady flow field inside the two-dimensional square cavity were made using these codes which employ second order accurate (temporally and spatially) implicit numerical schemes. A time and mesh independence study was carried out to determine the optimum mesh size and time increment for the unsteady case study. Comparisons of the numerically predicted and experimentally measured velocity fields are made for steady and unsteady cases. The results indicate that the numerical predictions capture the characteristics of the circulation inside the cavity reasonably well however the magnitude of the velocities are underestimated.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
What Should Be the Role of Plastic Surgeons in Nonanatomic Breast Reconstruction, including Tattooing?

Postmastectomy breast reconstruction should aim at the appearance of the patient’s native breast (or normal anatomy), although tattooing is also an option.
Gene Expression Signatures of TGF-β/Smad-Induced Responses

Microarray technology has enabled large-scale discovery of transcriptional targets of important signaling pathways, including signal transducers of the TGF-β/Smad family. Thus, numerous studies present gene expression profiles obtained by microarray approaches from a range of normal and malignant cell types exposed to TGF-β, BMP7, BMP2, and other TGF-β family proteins. Here we evaluate newly synthesized TGF-β/Smad gene expression signatures identified by systematic cross-referencing and functional annotation of published lists of TGF-β/Smad target genes. This work provides a valuable compendium for context-dependent analysis of transcriptional profiles of TGF-β/Smad signaling
Tying up Some Loose Ends

Now that the metalanguage and formation rules for SL have been intro- duced, some matters discussed previously in an informal way can be formalized. Section 7.8 introduced the concept of conjugation and described how a set of con jugate sentences can be produced for any SL statement. In SL a given sentence is included in its conjugation. The following thus holds for any wfss of SL, where f (SSi) = y vb y is a conjugate sentence of SSi ): V(x)[x is a wfss E(z,w)( z ( f(x) d w ( f (x) d (z u w) = f(x) d V(u)( u e z r u X x) d V(v)(v e w r v - X x))] where ‘z’ and ‘w’ are thus nonempty subsets of the set of conjugate sentences assigned by f such that each member of z is consistent with x, and each member of w is inconsistent with x. The members of w will be referred to as the incon- sistent conjugate sentences of the conjugated sentence, and the members of z will be referred to as the consistent conjugate sentences of the conjugated sentence.
Transportation Access to Special Generators

Special traffic generators, e.g., airports, universities, shopping centers, and hospitals, place special demands upon the transportation system. Access problems are frequently reflected by traffic congestion and extensive parking demands in the immediate area of the generator. There is a broad range of alternatives for dealing with this problem. They range from an automobile oriented policy wherein extensive parking facilities are provided to a transit oriented policy wherein substantial improvements are made in the level of transit service. In between these two extremes lie mixed policies. Twelve alternative systems were tested for a special generator located within an abstract city. The results indicated that highly efficient and frequent service will encourage increased transit patronage. In order to alleviate the expense of providing costly service additions to the regional transit system, specialized transit services might be instituted, such as express shuttle from remote parking lots.
Overcoming Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by MicroRNAs

Over the past decade, molecular cancer research studies have revealed microRNAs, a class of small, endogenous noncoding RNAs that negatively control the expression of target genes by cleaving mRNA or through translation repression. As critical gene regulators, microRNAs modulate a variety of cellular events that among others include growth, differentiation and apoptosis. The microRNAs cause cancerous diversity and complexity. Based on microRNA’s function, some microRNAs can be defined either tumor suppressor or oncogenic (oncomiR), and be focused as biomarkers or as therapy targets for oncology and clinical trial. In this review article, we have summarized recent available data on microRNAs playing an important role in the initiation, progression and drug resistance of colorectal cancer. More specifically, two of the most notorious miRNAs, tumor suppressor miR-145 and oncomiR miR-21, are discussed, since these miRNAs play a critical role in devolvement of resistance to chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer by regulating cancer stem cell (CSC) growth and differentiation. Further, we have briefly described current miRNA-based therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, miRNAs and mRNA regulated network play key roles in cancer cell’s acquired ability of resistance to chemotherapeutics by regulating cancer stem cell growth and differentiation. The miRNA-based therapy targeting cancer stem cells shows the potential to overcome drug resistance.
Pursuing Hegemonic Masculinity Through Violence: An Examination of Anti-Homeless Bias Homicides.

The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which general strain and masculinity theories combine to offer explanations for why and how some offenders commit fatal attacks against persons w...
Optical Thermodynamics of Polarization Interactions in Nonlinear Multimode Systems

We show that the optical internal energy of a nonlinear multimoded optical lattice involving two circular polarizations always flows from a hotter to a colder system- as expected from the second law of thermodynamics.
Re-evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of the 0..9 Ankle-Brachial Index Threshold in Penetrating Lower Extremity Trauma

Abstract Objective Current guidelines recommend additional imaging when the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is ≤0.9 after extremity trauma; however, the accuracy of this 0.9 threshold compared with other values has not been evaluated. The primary aim of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of various ABI thresholds in predicting lower extremity vascular injuries after penetrating trauma. We hypothesized that a lower ABI threshold can be used safely to avoid unnecessary imaging. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single level I trauma center from January 2015 to December 2017. All patients who presented with penetrating lower extremity trauma and who underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) were reviewed. Patients taken directly to the operating room without first undergoing CTA or those without documented ABIs were excluded. Demographic information, clinical features of presentation, interventions performed, and outcomes were recorded. P values were obtained using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was created to compare various ABI thresholds. Results A total of 47 patients (81% male), with a mean age of 29 years (range, 14-59 years), met inclusion criteria. Of the 17 limbs (36%) with a vascular abnormality seen on CTA, 6 (35%) required an intervention. The distribution of ABIs in injured limbs requiring revascularization was significantly lower (P = .006) than in those that did not require intervention. An ABI threshold of 0.7 is most accurate, with the highest combined sensitivity (83%) and specificity (91%) for detecting vascular injuries requiring revascularization. In addition, the negative predictive value was no different between a threshold of 0.7 (98%) and a threshold of 0.9 (97%), with both thresholds missing one vascular injury (pseudoaneurysm) requiring repair. Conclusions The ABI remains reliable in distinguishing between limbs with and limbs without vascular injury requiring revascularization after penetrating lower extremity trauma. A lower threshold can safely be used without compromising the negative predictive value of a screening ABI. Applying a threshold of 0.7 to our cohort would have avoided 51% (24) of the CTA studies performed without missing additional vascular injuries requiring repair.
Social work, ethics and vulnerable groups in the time of Coronavirus and COVID-19

The profession of social work is dedicated to the betterment of society and to the protection of marginalized and vulnerable groups. The profession’s mission is detailed in the set of seven core values: service;social justice;dignity and work of the person;importance of human relationships;integrity;and competence. Relationships between people and among groups are the primary tools of social work assessment, intervention and evaluation. In the time of coronavirus and COVID-19, there are many challenges for professional practitioners to adhere to social work’s core values as well as to maintain their own health and welfare in a time of uncertain and rapidly changing situations. This paper will examine the challenges and innovations for each social work core value and present ideas for innovation and adaptation suited to these times. The paper will present challenges and innovations using examples of two community agencies providing services to people who are homeless and addicted. In summary we will offer some insights and expectations for the future of social work in the coming years, after this experience of coronavirus and COVID-19.
Evolutionary Optimization of Cooperative Strategies for the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

The iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) has been studied in fields as diverse as economics, computer science, psychology, politics, and environmental studies. This is due, in part, to the intriguing property that its Nash equilibrium is not globally optimal. Typically treated as a single-objective problem, a player's goal is to maximize their own score. In some work, minimizing the opponent's score is an additional objective. In this article, we explore the role of explicitly optimizing for mutual cooperation in IPD player performance. We implement a genetic algorithm in which each member of the population evolves using one of four multiobjective fitness functions: selfish, communal, cooperative, and selfless, the last three of which use a cooperative metric as an objective. As a control, we also consider two single-objective fitness functions. We explore the role of representation in evolving cooperation by implementing four representations for evolving players. Finally, we evaluate the effect of noise on the evolution of cooperative behaviors. Testing our evolved players in tournaments in which a player's own score is the sole metric, we find that players evolved with mutual cooperation as an objective are very competitive. Thus, learning to play nicely with others is a successful strategy for maximizing personal reward.
Robust Control of Wave Energy Converters Using Unstructured Uncertainty

In the design of ocean wave energy converters, proper control design is essential to the maximization of the power generation performance for the device. However, in realistic applications, this control design must be undertaken in the presence of model uncertainty. This paper considers the use of robust control theory to optimize the nominal performance for a wave energy converter in stochastic waves, subject to the constraint that the controller be stability-robust to unstructured uncertainties. We formulate the problem as a multi-objective optimal control problem, in which the primary objective is the maximization of power generation for the nominal system, and the competing objective is the norm of the uncertainty input/output channel. This optimal control problem is nonconvex, and we therefore propose an iterative algorithm that can be used to arrive at a local optimal solution. This iterative approach employs the concept of Iterative Convex Overbounding, in the context of the classical Method of Centers. The methodology is demonstrated on a model of a single, buoy- type wave energy converter.