cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
You Can't Build on Shaky Ground: Laying the Foundation for Indigent Defense Reform through Values-Based Recruitment, Training, and Mentoring

Across the country, indigent defense systems fail to provide poor criminal defendants with competent representation. While reformers have focused on structural and funding problems, they have largely overlooked the central role of a culture that encourages lawyers to ignore values fundamental to our system of criminal justice. Where lawyers do not practice in accordance with these values, they fail to provide constitutionally adequate representation. This article argues that, while structural and financial considerations are critical to efforts to ensure constitutional standards are met, they cannot transform a value-system that accepts sub-standard representation. Reformers must devise a strategy to change this value-system. The article further argues that an effective transformation strategy will require grooming a new generation of lawyers who will spearhead efforts to usher in a new system of values. It suggests a three-prong approach to accomplishing this objective: value-based recruitment, values-based training, and values-based mentoring. Finally the article illustrates how this theory can be put into practice by examining a model, based on this approach, implemented in the South.
Human infections with Tensaw virus in south Florida: evidence that Tensaw virus subtypes stimulate the production of antibodies reactive with closely related Bunyamwera serogroup viruses.

Abstract Maguari virus, a member of the Bunyamwera serogroup (family Bunyaviridae, genus Bunyavirus) has not been isolated north of Trinidad. Anecdotal information from other investigators has indicated the presence of antibody to Maguari virus in human residents of south Florida. We attributed such antibody to either cross-reactivity with Tensaw virus, the only Bunyamwera serogroup virus known in south Florida, or to crossreactivity to an antigenic subtype or variant of Tensaw virus. Five strains, identified as Tensaw virus when they were isolated from mosquitoes collected in south Florida more than 20 years ago, were retrieved from storage. They were compared by serum dilutionplaque reduction neutralization tests with Bunyamwera serogroup prototypes Tensaw, Maguari, Cache Valley, and Tlacotalpan viruses. The south Florida isolates were shown to be most closely related to prototype Tensaw virus and most distantly related to prototype Maguari virus. One isolate could not be distinguished from prototype Tensaw virus, and the other 4 appeared to be subtypes of prototype Tensaw virus. More than 300 serum samples from humans in south Florida were tested for neutralizing antibody to prototypes Tensaw and Maguari viruses and to 3 of the field isolates. Thirteen had antibody to prototype Tensaw virus only, 19 to prototype maguari virus only, and 39 to both. Antibody to all but 6 of these 71 was attributed to infection with Tensaw virus, to a subtype of Tensaw virus, or to travel or birth outside the United States. It is likely that those with antibody to Maguari virus only had been infected with yet another subtype of Tensaw virus, although another, undiscovered, Bunyamwera serogroup virus may exist in south Florida.
Effects of air Movement at the Hive Entrance on the Flight Activities of Honeybees

SummaryLow- and high-speed airflows were forced through and across hive entrances to observe changes in the flight activity of honeybees. With hives having two entrances, more bees consistently entered their hives where a low-speed airflow was moving outwards, and departed where the airflow was inwards. A high-speed airflow parallel to the hive entrance hindered most bees from leaving, and stopped all bees from returning.
BASIC PLAN-GENERATING SYSTEMS

This chapter describes basic plan-generating systems. It discusses the problem of synthesizing a sequence of robot actions that will achieve some stated goal, given some initial situation. The action synthesis part of the robot problem can be solved by a production system. The global database is a description of the situation, or state, of the world in which the robot finds itself and the rules are computations representing the robot's actions. State descriptions and goals for robot problems can be constructed from predicate calculus well-formed formulas. Goal descriptions also can be expressed as predicate logic formulas. Robot actions change one state, or configuration, of the world into another. One can model these actions by F-rules that change one state description into another. One simple but extremely useful technique for representing robot actions was employed by a robot problem-solving system called STRIPS. This technique can be contrasted with the use of implicational rules as production rules. In this case when an implicational rule is applied to a global database, the database changes, by appending additional structure, but nothing is deleted from the database. In modeling robot actions, however, F-rules must be able to delete expressions that might no longer be true.
Automatic Identification of Co-Occuring Patient Events

With the explosion of data in healthcare, there is a growing need to develop intelligent methods for automatically mining and implementing analyses from these data. In clinical applications, longitudinal patient records are often stored in disparate systems or locations in a non-integreted manner, adding work to providers and researchers to effectively utilize the information. Recent work with treatment recommendation systems has begun to help clinicians overcome these challenges, but there remains a need for concise synthesis, abstraction, and presentation of this temporal information. We present a method for unsupervised classification of common co-occuring medication administration and patient surgical events in electronic medical record data using vector-space analysis and unsupervised cluster classification. This work was done independent of domain expertice and demonstrates a method of identifying co-occuring patient events.
Mapping Uncharted Territory: Launching an Online Embedded Librarian Program.

ABSTRACTDeveloping a strategy for embedding librarians in online courses can be challenging, but it is essential to demonstrate to accrediting agencies how libraries serve online students. A well-thought-out plan can be scalable and sustainable for rapidly growing online programs and can satisfy accreditation standards. This article examines how one small, liberal arts college developed a plan of action for an online embedded librarian program, including both the conceptual and practical aspects of launching the program: aligning library instruction with course and program learning outcomes, brainstorming strategies for embedded library instruction, and communicating the value of such a program to online teaching faculty.
Imaging the in-plane distribution of helium precipitates at a Cu/V interface

ABSTRACTWe describe a transmission electron microscopy investigation of the distribution of helium precipitates within the plane of an interface between Cu and V. Statistical analysis of precipitate locations reveals a weak tendency for interfacial precipitates to align along ⟨110⟩-type crystallographic directions within the Cu layer. Comparison of these findings with helium-free Cu/V interfaces suggests that the precipitates may be aggregating preferentially along atomic-size steps in the interface created by threading dislocations in the Cu layer. Our observations also suggest that some precipitates may be aggregating along intersections between interfacial misfit dislocations.
Clinical and Imaging Features of Noncutaneous Melanoma.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to summarize the epidemiologic characteristics, clinical aspects, and radiologic appearance of as well as the management considerations and differential diagnoses for noncutaneous primary melanomas occurring at specific anatomic sites. Primary ocular, sinonasal, meningeal, biliary, adrenal, alimentary tract, and genitourinary melanomas are highlighted. CONCLUSION. Noncutaneous primary melanomas are a complex group of malignancies with biologic findings that are unique when compared with findings for cutaneous melanomas. Each noncutaneous primary melanoma has its own specific diagnostic and management challenges, depending on the anatomic location where they arise.
The contribution of disengagement to temporal discriminability.

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the idea that time-based forgetting of outdated information can lead to better memory of currently relevant information. This was done using the visual arrays task, along with a between-subjects manipulation of both the retention interval (1 s vs. 4 s) and the time between two trials (1 s vs. 4 s). Consistent with prior work [Shipstead, Z., & Engle, R. W. (2013). Interference within the focus of attention: Working memory tasks reflect more than temporary maintenance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 277–289; Experiment 1], longer retention intervals did not lead to diminished memory of currently relevant information. However, we did find that longer periods of time between two trials improved memory for currently relevant information. This replicates findings that indicate proactive interference affects visual arrays performance and extends previous findings to show that reduction of proactive interference can occur in a time-depen...
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship education (EE) research is not advancing as fast as general entrepreneurship because it is not subject to the same level of scholarship. Grounded in the Scholarship of Teaching and...
A statistical analysis of luck

A modal analysis of luck, due to Duncan Pritchard, has become quite popular in recent years. There are many reasons to like Pritchard’s analysis, but at least two compelling problems have been identified. So I propose an alternative analysis of luck based on the laws of statistical mechanics. The statistical analysis avoids the two problems facing Pritchard’s analysis, and it has many other attractive features.
A Difficult Patient.

He is one of my most memorable patients. Despite his passion and outrage, he recognized his own limitations and helplessness to right the wrongs he witnessed and endured.
Sea surface scattering of hurricane maria remnants using bistatic passive radar with S-band satellite illumination

With the high number of hurricane occurrences during the fall of 2017, several data collection opportunities existed for high wind events. In particular, Hurricane Maria progressed up the eastern coast of the U.S. carrying strong winds that offered unique scenarios for sea surface scattering observations. With limited data available historically for varying geometries of bistatic radar sea clutter, data was collected using a satellite illuminator as a transmitter source for scattering measurements. The field campaign described herein utilized a custom receiver took place at the instrumented, extended pier available at the Army Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina. Averaged and time-evolved Doppler spectra are presented for vertical and horizontal receive polarizations.
TREC Genomics Track at UIC.

We considered that a query of this year’s Genomics track consists of two parts, target and qualification. A target refers to any instance of a certain entity type and the qualification refers to the condition that the target needs to satisfy in order to be qualified as an answer to the query. For example, the target and qualification of the query “What [ANTIBODIES] have been used to detect protein TLR4?” are “an instance of ANTIBODIES” and “have been used to detect protein TLR4”, respectively. The relevance of a document to a query was measured by to what degree the document contains a target and satisfies the qualification.
Self-Governing Neural Networks for On-Device Short Text Classification

Deep neural networks reach state-of-the-art performance for wide range of natural language processing, computer vision and speech applications. Yet, one of the biggest challenges is running these complex networks on devices such as mobile phones or smart watches with tiny memory footprint and low computational capacity. We propose on-device Self-Governing Neural Networks (SGNNs), which learn compact projection vectors with local sensitive hashing. The key advantage of SGNNs over existing work is that they surmount the need for pre-trained word embeddings and complex networks with huge parameters. We conduct extensive evaluation on dialog act classification and show significant improvement over state-of-the-art results. Our findings show that SGNNs are effective at capturing low-dimensional semantic text representations, while maintaining high accuracy.
Three-Dimensionally Printed, Shaped, Engineered Material Inhomogeneous Lens Antennas for Next-Generation Spaceborne Weather Radar Systems

In this letter, three-dimensionally (3-D) printed shaped inhomogeneous dielectric lens antennas are synthesized using a novel approach based on geometrical optics (GO) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. The GO method is used to trace rays to the aperture following the amplitude, phase, and polarization along curved space trajectories through inhomogeneous media to evaluate potential designs. These designs are specified by power series polynomials describing the surface topology and permittivity functions filling the volume of the shaped lens. The optimum design is obtained by integrating the GO analysis engine with the PSO into an optimization loop. The complex designed materials that result can be printed using new 3-D printers. New techniques are developed to print structures using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which contain complex overhanging features. Measured and simulated results are provided for all 3-D printed synthesized inhomogeneous lenses.
Head and neck burns are associated with long-term patient-reported dissatisfaction with appearance: A Burn Model System National Database study.

Abstract Introduction Burns affecting the head and neck (HN 324 without H&N burns) were included in the analyses. Over 75% of H&N injuries resulted from a fire/flame burn and those with H&N burns had significantly larger burn size (p Conclusions Survivors with H&N burns demonstrated community integration, physical health, and satisfaction with life outcomes similar to those of survivors with non-H&N burns. Scores in these domains improved over time. However, survivors with H&N burns demonstrated worse satisfaction with their appearance. These results suggest that strategies to address satisfaction with appearance, such as reconstructive surgery, cognitive behavior therapy, and social skills training, are an area of need for survivors with H&N burns.
ERSFQ Power Delivery: A Self-Consistent Model/Hardware Case Study

Energy-efficient rapid single flux quantum circuits having zero static power dissipation require a feeding Josephson junction transmission line (FJTL) to stabilize the power bus voltage. It is shown how a FJTL can be configured to obtain a desired current-bias window of constant delay, while preserving operability above and below that range as well, as a tradeoff against power and area. A test chip to validate circuit simulation results is designed with a gridded fabric for power delivery and cell placement, with consideration of passive transmission lines, magnetic flux exclusion, power bus isolation, and thermal noise. Measurements made on hardware fabricated in MIT Lincoln Lab's advanced 8-Nb-layer process correlate well with the model and indicate specific FJTL design challenges that need to be addressed.
Dios entre el alcohol y los rifles: Robert Hamill Nassau, historiador y misionero en el golfo de Guinea

La presencia en la isla de Corisco de misioneros estadounidenses de la Iglesia presbiteriana, con anterioridad al asentamiento del Estado colonial espanol en los Territorios del Golfo de Guinea, di...
Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants

Ethers synthesized from biomass-derived compounds have exceptional properties as fuels, lubricants, and specialty chemicals and can serve as replacements for petroleum-derived products. Recent efforts have identified heterogeneous catalysts for the selective synthesis of ethers from alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, furans, esters, olefins, carboxylic acids, and other molecules derived from biomass. This Review highlights the scope of etherification reactions and provides insights into the choice of catalysts and reaction conditions best suited for producing targeted ethers from the available starting materials. First, the properties of ethers for specific applications and the methods by which synthons for ether synthesis can be obtained from biomass are discussed. Then the progress that has been made on the synthesis of ethers via the following methods is summarized: direct etherification of alcohols; reductive etherification of alcohols with aldehydes or ketones; etherification of furanic compounds, esters, and carboxylic acids; and the addition of alcohols to olefins. Next, the mechanisms of these reactions and catalyst properties required to promote them are discussed, with the goal of understanding how reaction conditions can be tuned to optimize catalyst activity and selectivity towards desired ethers. The Review closes by examining the tradeoffs between catalyst selectivity, activity, stability, and reaction conditions required to achieve the most economically and environmentally favorable routes to biomass-derived ethers.
The importance of early life touch for psychosocial and moral development

One of the primary means of communicating with a baby is through touch. Nurturing physical touch promotes healthy physiological development in social mammals, including humans. Physiology influences wellbeing and psychosocial functioning. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connections among early life positive and negative touch and wellbeing and sociomoral development. In study 1, mothers of preschoolers (n = 156) reported their attitudes toward positive/negative touch and on their children’s wellbeing and sociomoral outcomes, illustrating moderate to strong positive correlations between positive touch attitudes and children’s sociomoral capacities and orientations and negative correlations with psychopathology. In study 2, we used an existing longitudinal dataset, with at-risk mothers (n = 682) and their children to test touch effects on moral capacities and social behaviors in early life. Results demonstrated moderate to strong relationships between positive/negative touch and concurrent child behavioral regulation and positive correlations between low corporal punishment and child sociomoral outcomes. In a third study with adults (n = 607), we found significant mediation processes connecting retrospective reports of childhood touch to adult moral orientation through attachment security, mental health, and moral capacities. In general across studies, more affectionate touch and less punishing touch were positively associated with wellbeing and development of moral capacities and engaged moral orientation.
Retinal vasculitis with Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature

Concurrent presentation of retinal vasculitis with mixed sclerotic and lytic bone lesions is rare. We present the case of a 37-year old woman with a several year history of episodic sternoclavicular pain who presented for rheumatologic evaluation due to a recent diagnosis of retinal vasculitis. We review the differential diagnosis of retinal vasculitis, along with the differential diagnosis of mixed sclerotic and lytic bone lesions. Ultimately, bone marrow biopsy confirmed diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Concurrent presentation of CRMO with retinal vasculitis is extremely rare but important to recognize. The patient demonstrated clinical response to prednisone and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition (TNF-i). This case reports and unusual presentation of CRMO spectrum disease involving the sternum and sternoclavicular joint with concurrent retinal vasculitis.
Strategic Information Platforms in Transportation Networks

We investigate the effect of information/navigation platforms in transportation networks. Specifically, we analyze the outcome when these platforms are owned by for-profit strategic companies such as Google and Apple. We consider two business models, one that makes a profit through advertisements and user information collection, and one that generates revenue from its user by charging a subscription fee. We show that social welfare in an environment with a single platform can be higher than the one when multiple platforms compete with one another. This is in contrast to the standard result for classical goods where competition always improves social welfare. Most importantly, we show that in a competitive environment with multiple platforms, each platform finds it optimal to disclose its information perfectly about the current condition of the network for free. Consequently, in a competitive market (almost) all information platforms must have an ad-based business model and reveal perfect information about the transportation network. Our results provide a purely economic justification on why in practice no navigation application discloses partial information to improve the congestion as suggested previously in the literature.
Jointly valuing journal visibility and author citation count: An axiomatic approach

Abstract This paper proposes a simple, flexible, axiom-based mechanism for facilitating the comparison between a scholar's citation count and the visibility of the journals wherein the scholar's articles were published. The goal is to help research review bodies easily grasp the distinction these two forms of scholarly accomplishment and to provide a transparent way to articulate expectations about them to scholars. The approach is demonstrated using a widely applied and cooperative functional form that can reflect, via different parameter values, a wide range of possible beliefs about the relative merits of citation counts and journal visibility.
Historical resurvey indicates no decline in Argentine ant site occupancy in coastal southern California

Predicting changes in the abundance and distribution of introduced species over time is difficult, but clues regarding the underlying causes of these changes may come from long-term surveys. Resurveys conducted over large spatial scales, for example, can be used to discriminate between site-specific causes of decline and those that act at the population level. Here we used regional resurvey data to address changes in Argentine ant site occupancy in urban, agricultural, and natural environments in coastal southern California. We resurveyed 145 locations originally sampled 12–14 years ago and observed a slight decrease in Argentine ant site occupation, from 85 to 79% across all sites. At the majority of sites where apparent absences were recorded, however, the Argentine ant had merely retreated outside of the proscribed sampling area (a 25-m radius circle) and was still present within 80 m, on average, of the original sampling point. This finding thus suggests that the apparent absences observed most likely reflect contractions of the area occupied by polydomous supercolonies, possibly in response to local-scale changes in environmental conditions, as opposed to processes acting at larger spatial scales. We also conducted back-to-back annual resurveys (in 2018 and 2019) of all urban sampling points (n = 95) to quantify annual turnover in site occupancy. These resurveys revealed 2.4% site turnover with 97% (92/95) sites being classified as either presences (n = 85) or absences (n = 7) in both years. Our results support the findings of resurveys conducted in northern California, where Argentine ant distributions have slowly expanded over decadal time scales. Historical resurveys can provide insights into why populations of introduced species change over time and should incorporate an appreciation of how invader traits affect detectability.
Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Based Thin Film Ferroelectric Nonvolatile Memories

Ferroelectric thin film semiconductor memories have the potential to dominate world memory markets. Technical developments in the next five years will determine whether ferroelectric thin film memory technology will be the basis of an annual $30 billion market or will be relegated to only niche market status. Among the technologies that ferroelectric random access memories (FERAMs) could replace are electrically erasable programmable read only memories (EEPROMs), Flash nonvolatile memories (FLASH), and dynamic random access memories (DRAMs). Ferroelectric thin film nonvolatile memory technology will be emphasized in this chapter. FERAMs offer advantages of fast write speeds, high endurance and low operating voltage compared to EEPROMs and FLASH technologies. Present FERAM write speeds are approximately two orders of magnitude faster than FLASH and four orders of magnitude faster than EEPROMs. Further, operating voltages are less than 5 volts for FERAMs compared to 12 volt operation for FLASH and EEPROMs. Present FERAM technologies based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) with oxide electrodes or SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) with Pt electrodes provide in excess of 1013 read/write cycles.
The FRB-SGR Connection

The discovery that the Galactic SGR 1935$+$2154 emitted FRB 200428 simultaneous with a gamma-ray flare demonstrated the common source and association of these phenomena. If FRB radio emission is the result of coherent curvature radiation, the net charge of the radiating "bunches" or waves may be estimated. A statistical argument indicates that the radiating bunches must have a Lorentz factor $\gtrapprox 10$. The observed radiation frequencies indicate that their phase velocity (pattern speed) corresponds to Lorentz factors $\gtrapprox 100$. Coulomb repulsion implies that the electrons making up these bunches may have yet larger Lorentz factors, limited by their incoherent curvature radiation. These electrons also Compton scatter in the soft gamma-ray field of the SGR. In FRB 200428 the power radiated coherently at radio frequencies exceeded that of Compton scattering, but in more luminous SGR outbursts Compton scattering dominates, precluding the acceleration of energetic electrons. This explains the absence of a FRB associated with the giant 27 December 2004 outburst of SGR 1806$-$20. SGR with luminosity $\gtrsim 10^{42}$ ergs/s do not emit FRB, while those of lesser luminosity can do so.
The Effects of Low‐ and High‐Energy Cutoffs on Solar Flare Microwave and Hard X‐Ray Spectra

Microwave and hard X-ray spectra provide crucial information about energetic electrons and their environment in solar flares. Both microwave and hard X-ray spectra are sensitive to cutoffs in the electron distribution function. The determination of the high-energy cutoff from these spectra establishes the highest electron energies produced by the acceleration mechanism, while determination of the low-energy cutoff is crucial to establishing the total energy in accelerated electrons. I present computations of the effects of both high- and low-energy cutoffs on microwave and hard X-ray spectra. The optically thick portion of a microwave spectrum is enhanced and smoothed by a low-energy cutoff, while a hard X-ray spectrum is flattened below the cutoff energy. A high-energy cutoff steepens the microwave spectrum and increases the wavelength at which the spectrum peaks, while the hard X-ray spectrum begins to steepen at photon energies an order of magnitude or more below the electron cutoff energy. I discuss how flare microwave and hard X-ray spectra can be analyzed together to determine these electron cutoff energies.
Restoring Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Mice Fails to Fully Reverse Vascular Stiffness.

Background Hypertension is a well-established driver of vascular remodeling and stiffening. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether restoring normal blood pressure (BP) fully restores vascular stiffness toward that of normotensive controls. Methods C57Bl6/J male mice received angiotensin II (angII; 1 μg/kg/min) via infusion pump for 8 weeks (hypertension group: HH), angII for 4 weeks (hypertension group: H4), angII for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of recovery (reversal group: HN), or sham treatment (normotensive group: NN). BP, heart rate, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured longitudinally. At the end of the study period, aortas were harvested for testing of vasoreactivity, passive mechanical properties, and vessel structure. Results The HH group exhibited a sustained increase in BP and PWV over the 8-week period (p < 0.01). In the HN group, BP and PWV increased during the 4-week angII infusion, and, though BP was restored during the 4-week recovery, PWV exhibited only partial restoration (p < 0.05). Heart rate was similar in all cohorts. Compared to NN controls, both HH and HN groups had significantly increased wall thickness (p < 0.05 HH vs. NN, p < 0.01 HN vs. NN), mucosal extracellular matrix accumulation (p < 0.0001 HH vs. NN, p < 0.05 HN vs. NN), and intralamellar distance (p < 0.001 HH vs. NN, p < 0.01 HN vs. NN). Both intact and decellularized vessels were noted to have significantly higher passive stiffness in the HH and H4 cohorts than in NN controls (p < 0.0001). However, in the HN cohort, intact vessels were only modestly stiffer than those of NN controls, and decellularized HN vessels were identical to those from the NN controls. Compared to NN controls, the HH and HN cohorts exhibited significantly diminished phenylephrine-induced contraction (p < 0.0001) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hypertension causes a significant increase in in vivo aortic stiffness that is only partially reversible after BP normalization. Although hypertension does lead to matrix stiffening, restoration of BP restores matrix mechanics to levels similar to those of normotensive controls. Nevertheless, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction persist after restoration of normotension. This dysfunction is, in part, responsible for augmented PWV after restoration of BP.
Child maltreatment, recent stressful life events, and suicide ideation: A test of the stress sensitivity hypothesis.

Background Exposure to child maltreatment is a well-known risk factor for suicide ideation among adolescents. Recent stressful life events may also contribute to this risk. However, the association between these risk factors is unclear in the etiology of suicide ideation for adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Objective The present study tested the stress generation and stress sensitivity hypotheses in relation to child maltreatment, recent stressful life events (in the past year), and suicide ideation (in the past two weeks). Participants and setting We utilized a sample of diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged, depressed adolescent girls (N = 175) who were part of a depression treatment intervention. Results Child maltreatment was significantly associated with adolescent suicide ideation, β = .40, p Conclusions These findings have several implications for clinical practice and suicide prevention with adolescent girls, and contribute to the extant literature on the role of chronic and acute stress in the etiology of adolescent suicide ideation.
Effect of heat treatments on superconducting properties and connectivity in K-doped BaFe 2 As 2

Fe-based superconductors and in particular K-doped BaFe2As2 (K-Ba122) are materials of interest for possible future high-field applications. However the critical current density (Jc) in polycrystalline Ba122 is still quite low and connectivity issues are suspected to be responsible. In this work we investigated the properties of high-purity, carefully processed, K-Ba122 samples synthesized with two separate heat treatments at various temperatures between 600 and 825 °C. We performed specific heat characterization and Tc-distribution analysis up to 16 T and we compared them with magnetic Tc and Jc characterizations, and transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) microstructures. We found no direct correlation between the magnetic Tc and Jc, whereas the specific heat Tc-distributions did provide valuable insights. In fact the best Jc-performing sample, heat treated first at 750 °C and then at 600 °C, has the peak of the Tc-distributions at the highest temperatures and the least field sensitivity, thus maximizing Hc2. We also observed that the magnetic Tc onset was always significantly lower than the specific heat Tc: although we partially ascribe the lower magnetization Tc to the small grain size (< λ, the penetration depth) of the K-Ba122 phase, this behaviour also implies the presence of some grain-boundary barriers to current flow. Comparing the Tc-distribution with Jc, our systematic synthesis study reveals that increasing the first heat treatment above 750 °C or the second one above 600 °C significantly compromises the connectivity and suppresses the vortex pinning properties. We conclude that high-purity precursors and clean processing are not yet enough to overcome all Jc limitations. However, our study suggests that a higher temperature Tc-distribution, a larger Hc2 and a better connectivity could be achieved by lowering the second heat treatment temperature below 600 °C thus enhancing, as a consequence, Jc.
Study on the variations of hepatitis B virus status among people having received hepatitis B vaccine

Objective To study the epidemiological pattern and trends of hepatitis B virus(HBV) in the area where people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for long time.Methods Through cluster sampling and cross-sectional study,relative information and blood samples from people in Long-an county by families were collected.Signals of HBV infection were tested by solid-phase reverse immunosorhent test. Results (1) The average HBsAg positive rate was 7.5% with anti-HBs as 44.5%,and anti-HBc as 47.8%.The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc among 0-19 year-olds were lower than those of≥20 year-olds.(2) The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBe and HBV infection among HBV vaccine immunized group were 2.8%,12.0% and 12.5% respectively,comparing with which among the un-immunized group as 10.2%,69.8% and 71.2% respectively.(3) The HBsAg positive rate of male was higher than the female's but with no significant difference of anti-HBs and anti-HBc between different sexes.(4) The average HBsAg positive rate of 0-19 years old group was only 2.4%,while that of 20-30 years old group was 13.6%-17.7% and dropped from 60 years old group and on.The anti-HBs positive rate of 0-19 years old people started to drop significantly by age.The anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive rates of≥20 years people were showing a rising trend by ages.Conclusion It seemed obviously that the HBV epidemiological patterns had changed after HBV vaccine had been universally used for long time in newborns.The age peak of infection had been pushed backward for nearly 20 years.It had been proved that the HBV vaccine immunization program had obtained excellent efficacy.
Move analysis and their lexical verbs of research article abstracts of Filipino and American writers

Rhetorical move analyses of research article (RA) abstracts have established variations across disciplines and cultures. However, there is still a need for more explorations on Applied Linguistics discipline. Comparing native and other group of non-native speakers of English, such as Filipino users of the language, has also been a neglect in research as far as the researcher’s knowledge is concerned. Hence, this study investigated the rhetorical moves in the RA abstracts of American and Filipino writers who are published in two journals related to Applied Linguistics field. The study also explored the lexical verbs underlying each move in all the abstracts. Each abstract was then segmented into moves. Findings revealed that the moves Situating the Research (STR), Presenting the Research (PTR), and Discussing the Research (DTR) were obligatorily used by both groups of writers, while the moves Describing the Methodology (DTM) and Summarizing the Findings (STF) were obligatory only among Filipinos and optional among Americans. Filipino writers appear to develop their own conventions deviating from Americans who are considered native speakers and norm providers. The results also amplify the existence of cultural differences even in abstract writing. Further, the study details lists of lexical verbs that may be used to realize a rhetorical intent of each move. Hence, academic writing instructions may be informed by the rhetorical and linguistic realizations unveiled in this study. Directions for future research are likewise provided.
Space and Time in Ancient Greek Narrative

In this wide-ranging survey of ancient Greek narrative from archaic epic to classical prose, Alex Purves shows how stories unfold in space as well as in time. She traces a shift in authorial perspective, from a godlike overview to the more focused outlook of human beings caught up in a developing plot, inspired by advances in cartography, travel, and geometry. Her analysis of the temporal and spatial dimensions of ancient narrative leads to new interpretations of important texts by Homer, Herodotus, and Xenophon, among others, showing previously unnoticed connections between epic and prose. Drawing on the methods of classical philology, narrative theory, and cultural geography, Purves recovers a poetics of spatial representation that lies at the core of the Greeks' conception of their plots.
Technology – Climate Interactions in the Green Revolution in India

This paper present a model of the Green Revolution in India, in which the development and diffusion of HYVs, the expansion of irrigation and the expansion of multiple-cropping are treated as endogenous responses to more basic investments in agricultural technology and infrastructure, as well as to climate and edaphic endowments. We incorporate explicit climate-technology interactions in the model, in order to identify climate effects on the diffusion of HYVs, irrigation and multiple- cropping, and on Net Revenue to agriculture. We find that climate affects technology development and diffusion, and that technology development and diffusion affect the impacts of climate on agricultural productivity in India.
Tracer transport timescales and the observed Atlantic‐Pacific lag in the timing of the Last Termination

[1] The midpoint of the Last Termination occurred 4,000 years earlier in the deep Atlantic than the deep Pacific according to a pair of benthic foraminiferal δ18O records, seemingly implying an internal circulation shift because the lag is much longer than the deep radiocarbon age. Here a scenario where the lag is instead caused by regional surface boundary condition changes, delays due to oceanic transit timescales, and the interplay between temperature and seawater δ18O (δ18Ow) is quantified with a tracer transport model of the modern-day ocean circulation. Using an inverse method with individual Green functions for 2,806 surface sources, a time history of surface temperature andδ18Owis reconstructed for the last 30,000 years that is consistent with the foraminiferal oxygen-isotope data, Mg/Ca-derived deep temperature, and glacial pore water records. Thus, in the case that the ocean circulation was relatively unchanged between glacial and modern times, the interbasin lag could be explained by the relatively late local glacial maximum around Antarctica where surfaceδ18Ow continues to rise even after the North Atlantic δ18Owfalls. The arrival of the signal of the Termination is delayed at the Pacific core site due to the destructive interference of the still-rising Antarctic signal and the falling North Atlantic signal. This scenario is only possible because the ocean is not a single conveyor belt where all waters at the Pacific core site previously passed the Atlantic core site, but instead the Pacific core site is bathed more prominently by waters with a direct Antarctic source.
An Axiomatic Treatment of a Parallel Programming Language

This paper describes a semantically-based axiomatic treatment of a parallel programming language with shared variable concurrency and conditional critical regions, essentially the language discussed by Owicki and Gries [20,21]. We use a structural operational semantics for this language, based on work of Hennessy and Plotkin [22,26], and we use the semantic structure to suggest a class of assertions for expressing properties of commands. We then define syntactic operations on assertions which correspond precisely to syntactic constructs of the programming language; in particular, we define sequential and parallel composition of assertions. This enables us to design a truly compositional proof system for program properties. Our proof system is sound and relatively complete. We examine the relationship between our proof system and the Owicki-Gries proof system. Our assertions are more expressive than Owicki's, and her proof outlines correspond roughly to a special subset of our assertion language. Owicki's parallel rule can be thought of as being based on a slightly different form of parallel composition of assertions; our form does not require interference-freedom, and our proof system is relatively complete without the need for auxiliary variables. Connections with other work, including the “Generalized Hoare Logic” of Lamport and Schneider [16,17], and with the Transition Logic of Gerth [11], are discussed briefly.
Returns to Human Capital and Hourly Earnings of Men with Disabilities: Evidence across the Distribution of Wages, 1988-2005

Researchers and policy makers have long been concerned with the earningsdisadvantage of workers with disabilities. This paper examines the wage disparity as amanifestation of returns to workers’ human capital. To the extent that disability measuresa physical condition that places constraints on workers’ productivity, it should be moredisruptive in occupations that require physical ability or exertion and less in those thatdemand cognitive or technical skills. It is well documented that, in the 1980’s, the demandfor labor began to shift rapidly in favor of occupations that rely on skill biasedtechnologies. The central proposition in this paper, referred to as the human capitalhypothesis, is that workers whose skills place them in the lowest range of the wagedistribution tend to possess the smallest endowments of technology-using skill, and henceexperience the largest shortfall in wages. Estimates of a model of hourly earnings, usingquantile regression and based on samples of males from the Current Population Survey for1988 through 2005, offer support for the human capital hypothesis (J14, J24, J31, J38)
A Tale of Two Religions: A Contractual Approach to Religion as a Factor in Child Custody and Visitation Disputes

This article focuses on the role of religious conflict between parents in determining child custody and visitation disputes. It suggests a framework for reconciling parental control over religious observance and training with the state's duty to protect the child's best interests. First, it examines the history of English and American child custody law and analyzes modern custody cases in which religion is a factor. Next, it addresses the alarming recent attempt by courts to resolve religious disputes with a shared custody approach, awarding 'spiritual custody' to one parent and 'physical custody' to the other. Finally, this article proposes a contractual approach to the question of religion in parental child custody and visitation disputes. Since religion is a legitimate issue to be considered in fashioning child custody decisions, courts should be required to consider the religious needs of the child, as a component of the child's educational and psychological well-being. However, constitutional issues need not be reached. Indeed, it is likely that courts can avoid most troublesome constitutional issues by enforcing the express and implied contracts created by the parties before their divorce. Ultimately, the approach suggested here most effectively protects the actual religious needs of parents and children by enforcing the express and implied contracts created in the intact, pre-divorce family.
Business Establishment Growth in the Appalachian Region, 2000-2007: An Application of Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models

Business establishment growth in the Appalachian region (2000-2007) was regressed on industry sector composition controlling for demographic, physical, and economic determinants. We test the hypothesis that local response to growth determinants is geographically heterogeneous using Smooth Transition spatial process models. This class of models exhibiting endogenous regime switching behavior provides another tool for exploring the spatially heterogeneous effects of local determinants on economic growth.
Serum and Duodenal Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Fed and Fasted Magnesium Deficient Rats

Rats depleted of magnesium for 13 days were killed after 18 to 20 hours of fasting or 2 hours after consumption of a standard-sized meal. Serum and duodenal alkaline phosphatase (AP) were reduced in fasted magnesium depleted rats compared to pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls. With refeeding, serum alkaline phosphatase levels rose significantly in all groups, but the levels in refed Mg deficient rats remained below serum levels of fasted control rats. Inhibition of AP activity with L-phenylalanine and urea suggested that the differences in AP levels of fasted and fed rats were mainly due to enzymes of intestinal origin. Intestinal AP levels increased after feeding in all groups, but were proportionately greatest in Mg depleted rats. The pattern of serum and duodenal AP in fed and fasted rats and the results of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (PADGE) in duodenal AP extracts suggest that Mg depletion alters the release of AP into the blood that normally occurs in response to feeding.
Testing for Nongaussian Fluctuations in Grain Noise

In ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE), grain noise corrupts the scattered wave field from a flaw in a polycrystalline material. Many probabilistic approaches associated with flaw detection and characterization utilize stochastic models in which grain noise is assumed uncorrected and zero-mean Gaussian distributed. Typically, the Gaussian assumptions is justified via heuristic arguments based on the central limit theorem. This paper presents the kurtosis test and the Shapiro-Wilk W test as methods to quantitatively test time domain noise ensembles for deviations from Gaussian statistics. We will establish, through the application of these hypothesis tests to grain noise, a quantitative tool which can be used to consider “how Gaussian” grain noise signals must be for Gaussian noise based signal processing procedures to out perform alternative approaches.
The Cultural Production of a Pharmaceutical Market: The Making of ADHD

The pharmaceutical industry has grown into a global market worth nearly $1 trillion. How are we to make sense of this sudden upsurge? As I argue, the rising demand for pharmaceuticals must be contextualized within a culture of consumption, where health practices are yoked to individuals’ purchasing habits. Through a case study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and behavior-controlling drugs affecting six million children in the United States, this analysis shows how discourses of prevention and the quick fix originated in the school, family, and medical establishment; shape consumer demand; and are employed effectively in pharmaceutical advertising. This article concludes that the demand for pills is constructed by entangled discourses that induce new ways of relating to health and illness.