cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Three-Year Experience of Medical Thoracoscopy at A Tertiary Care Center of Himalayan Region

Introduction: Medical thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing and treating pleural diseases. Despite its proven role in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, it is infrequently used, which could be because of cost of equipment and lack of training. We analyzed our initial 3 years record of thoracoscopy at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care center in Himalayan region of north India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was to analyze our experience of medical thoracoscopy which was started in Jan 2011 at our center. All patients who underwent thoracoscopy during the period between Jan 2011 to Dec 2013 were included in the study. Thoracoscopy was performed for diagnosis of undiagnosed pleural effusions. Clinical, radiological, cytological & histopathological data of the patients were collected prospectively and analysed. Results: The diagnostic yield for a pleuroscopic pleural biopsy in our study was 87.23% (41/47). Malignancy was diagnosed histopathologically in 70.2% (33/47) patients (both primary & metastatic pleural carcinoma) and tuberculosis in 10.6% (5/47). There was no mortality related to procedure. Only three patients had minor complications like subcutaneous emphysema which was mild and resolved by second post-procedure day. Pain at intercostal drain site was observed in some patients. Conclusion: Thoracoscopy is an easy outpatient procedure and an excellent diagnostic tool for pleural effusion of uncertain etiology. It has low complication rate even in settings where the procedure is just started. It should be included in the armamentarium of tools for management of pleural effusion.
Platelets: preparations, transfusion, modifications, and substitutes.

○ Objective.-To summarize current knowledge and recent progress pertaining to platelet concentrate preparations, modifications, and future prospects for platelet substitutes. Methods.-Current publications identified through a search of an electronic literature database were evaluated and reviewed. Relevant data were abstracted into this article. Abstractions of the data were made depending on their relevance. This review starts with standard methods of platelet preparation and goes on to describe different modifications intended to optimize the product and increase its safety. The article concludes wit a discussion of the use of hematopoietic growth factors and novel kinds of platelet components for future use. Conclusions.-Many modifications in the preparation of platelet transfusions have occurred in recent years. Platelets prepared by standard techniques contain significant numbers of donor leukocytes, which are responsible for several adverse effects. Awareness of this problem has lead to the development of effective means for their removal. Several methods to reduce the risk of viral and bacterial transmission through platelet transfusions are emerging. New technologies in the use of platelet substitutes have attempted to prolong the platelet storage potential and prevent the development of recipient alloimmunization. As the biological activities of growth factors become better understood, the clinical applications of novel recombinant products may redefine the concept of future platelet transfusions. It is important that research continues into the optimal methods for the preparation and use of platelet transfusions to provide maximal clinical benefits with minimal risk of complications.
Through Their Words: Sources of Bother for Hospitalized Children and Adolescents With Cancer.

An increased intensity of inpatient treatment, hospital-based routines, and separation from the familiar home environment may collectively increase the burden of the pediatric cancer experience. This study explored children and adolescents’ perceived sources of bother related to hospitalization using two questions: (1) What bothered you the most about the hospital or hospital environment? and (2) What do you think could improve the hospital or hospital environment? Fifty children and adolescents (mean age 12.6 years) responded to these questions during each shift of a 3-day/3-night data collection period. Responses were analyzed using content analysis and chi-square analyses. Themes related to sources of bother included (1) “nothing/don’t know,” (2) “treatment and its consequences,” (3) “isolation and loneliness,” (4) “imposed bother,” (5) “negative environment,” and (6) “staff behaviors.” Themes related to improving the hospital environment included (1) “nothing/don’t know,” (2) “normalizing activities,”...
Endocrine therapy in gynecology.

(1956). Endocrine Therapy in Gynecology. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 118-123.
Excimer laser photodissociation of formaldoxime and its methylated homologs

Current studies of the chemical details of nitramine propellant decomposition and combustion have underscored the need for the development of sensitive diagnostic tools for the important methylene amidogen, H2CN, radical.1
Modern mass spectrometry for synthetic biology and structure-based discovery of natural products

Covering: up to 2016In this highlight, we describe the current landscape for dereplication and discovery of natural products based on the measurement of the intact mass by LC-MS. Often it is assumed that because better mass accuracy (provided by higher resolution mass spectrometers) is necessary for absolute chemical formula determination (≤1 part-per-million), that it is also necessary for dereplication of natural products. However, the average ability to dereplicate tapers off at ∼10 ppm, with modest improvement gained from better mass accuracy when querying focused databases of natural products. We also highlight some recent examples of how these platforms are applied to synthetic biology, and recent methods for dereplication and correlation of substructures using tandem MS data. We also offer this highlight to serve as a brief primer for those entering the field of mass spectrometry-based natural products discovery.
State Chart of Guardianship/Conservatorship Statutes

This chart was prepared as part of a 2016 Research Grant from the Borchard Foundation Center on Law and Aging. It covers related provisions in the current Uniform Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Act, as well as comparable laws in the fifty states. The headings in the chart are based on a 2008 chart provided by the American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging which is found on their website along with other state by state comparison charts. Categories addressed include any policy statement found in the law, whether there is a statutory definition of limited guardianship or conservatorship, limits on the guardian or conservator’s powers, whether personal rights are retained under the statute, and whether the order specifies limits.These charts are current as of September 2015, and will be updated, as needed.
Recent advances in oxide thermoelectric materials and modules

Abstract Due to the growing concern on depletion of non-renewable resources, waste heat harvesting has become one of the effective approaches for solving the energy shortage issue. Oxide thermoelectric materials have the advantages of low cost, environment-friendly manufacturing and chemical stability at high temperatures. However, compared to traditional thermoelectric materials, they exhibit only modest thermoelectric properties due to their low electrical- and high thermal conductivity. Numerous studies have been done to improve their thermoelectric response by doping. These oxide materials mainly include the p-type Ca3Co4O9 and n-type ZnO, SrTiO3, and CaMnO3. By connecting these both types of thermoelectric oxides in series, a module which is capable of generating considerable power can be obtained. In this review, we present the progress made on p-type and n-type thermoelectric oxides in recent years. We discuss the electronic structure of these oxides as it plays an important role in determining the thermoelectric properties. We also discuss the advanced modules which have been fabricated using these thermoelectric oxide couples.
Pharmacology of Octreotide: Clinical Implications for Anesthesiologists and Associated Risks

Many patients presenting with a history of foregut, midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or carcinoid syndrome can experience life-threatening carcinoid crises during anesthesia or surgery. Clinicians should understand the pharmacology of octreotide and appreciate the use of continuous infusions of high-dose octreotide, which can minimize intraoperative carcinoid crises. We administer a prophylactic 500-μg bolus of octreotide intravenously (IV) and begin a continuous infusion of 500 μg/h for all NET patients. Advantages include low cost and excellent safety profile. High-dose octreotide for midgut and foregut NETs requires an appreciation of the pathophysiology involved in the disease, pharmacology, drug-drug interactions, and side effects.
Can Success Be A Curse?: Signature Products and Identity Violation in the Craft Beer Industry

This study investigates a fundamental paradox in craft-based organizations. In order to achieve high levels of growth, nascent entrepreneurial organizations often seek to leverage a single signatur...
Aerosol Fragmentation Driven by Coupling of Acid–Base and Free-Radical Chemistry in the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Aqueous Citric Acid by OH Radicals

A key uncertainty in the heterogeneous oxidation of carboxylic acids by hydroxyl radicals (OH) in aqueous-phase aerosol is how the free-radical reaction pathways might be altered by acid-base chemistry. In particular, if acid-base reactions occur concurrently with acyloxy radical formation and unimolecular decomposition of alkoxy radicals, there is a possibility that differences in reaction pathways impact the partitioning of organic carbon between the gas and aqueous phases. To examine these questions, a kinetic model is developed for the OH-initiated oxidation of citric acid aerosol at high relative humidity. The reaction scheme, containing both free-radical and acid-base elementary reaction steps with physically validated rate coefficients, accurately predicts the experimentally observed molecular composition, particle size, and average elemental composition of the aerosol upon oxidation. The difference between the two reaction channels centers on the reactivity of carboxylic acid groups. Free-radical reactions mainly add functional groups to the carbon skeleton of neutral citric acid, because carboxylic acid moieties deactivate the unimolecular fragmentation of alkoxy radicals. In contrast, the conjugate carboxylate groups originating from acid-base equilibria activate both acyloxy radical formation and carbon-carbon bond scission of alkoxy radicals, leading to the formation of low molecular weight, highly oxidized products such as oxalic and mesoxalic acid. Subsequent hydration of carbonyl groups in the oxidized products increases the aerosol hygroscopicity and accelerates the substantial water uptake and volume growth that accompany oxidation. These results frame the oxidative lifecycle of atmospheric aerosol: it is governed by feedbacks between reactions that first increase the particle oxidation state, then eventually promote water uptake and acid-base chemistry. When coupled to free-radical reactions, acid-base channels lead to formation of low molecular weight gas-phase reaction products and decreasing particle size.
FAIMS based volatile fingerprinting for real-time postharvest storage infections detection in stored potatoes and onions

Abstract Field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) was evaluated towards rapid and non-destructive detection of storage infections under varied storage conditions. Potato tubers and onion bulbs were inoculated with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (causing soft rot) and B. cepacia (causing sour skin), respectively; and were incubated at room (around 25 °C) and reduced temperature condition (4 °C). Additional tubers and bulbs were inoculated with sterile water, which served as healthy controls. At room temperature, FAIMS could detect potato soft rot and onion sour skin pertinent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as early as 1 and 3 day(s) after inoculation (DAI) for potato tubers and onion bulbs, respectively. At a reduced temperature (4 °C), the respective detection time frames were 11 and 16 DAI. Principal component analysis (PCA) based contribution analysis on FAIMS dispersion field data revealed a significant range of dispersion field (DF) intensity (52%–72%) and compensation voltage (CV) (−1.30 V to −0.90 V) that can potentially be used to train FAIMS for triggering an alarm during real-time monitoring of soft rot pertinent VOCs. This critical range was 47%–77% DF and −0.24 V to 0.48 V CV for sour skin pertinent VOCs. Naive Bayes (NB) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifiers tested on PCA datasets reported overall accuracies in the range of 71–100% and 69–100% for soft rot and 63–97% and 58–100% for sour skin, respectively. Higher accuracies were reported as days after inoculation progressed. Baseline sensing of different VOCs using FAIMS revealed that ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone and ethyl acetate were specifically contributing to P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum caused soft rot peaks whereas pentane and 1-butanol were associated with healthy as well as inoculated tubers. Dimethyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, undecane and 2-undecanone were found to be associated with healthy controls as well as with sour skin infected onion bulbs.
Implementation of clinical practice guidelines for prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury.

AbstractBackground/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether publication of the “Prevention of Thromboembolism in Spinal Cord Injury” clinical practice guideline (CPG) changed patient management and whether adherence to CPG recommendations improved after a targeted implementation strategy.Methods: Data were abstracted from medical records of 1 34 and 520 patients with acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), respectively, from 6 Veterans Affairs medical centers over 3 time periods: prepublication (T1 ), pre implementation (T2), and postimplementation (T3) of the CPG. Targeted interventions were developed to address provider-perceived barriers to guideline adherence, based on findings from focus groups conducted at each site. The interventions incorporated two implementation strategies: standardized documentation templates/standing orders and social marketing /outreach visits.Results: Use of the specified duration for pharmacologic prophylaxis increased from 60% to 65% to 75% of pat...
Building Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Interphases for Fast Interfacial Transport in Rechargeable Metal Batteries.

We report a facile in situ synthesis that utilizes readily accessible SiCl4 cross-linking chemistry to create durable hybrid solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) on metal anodes. Such hybrid SEIs composed of Si-interlinked OOCOR molecules that host LiCl salt exhibit fast charge-transfer kinetics and as much as five-times higher exchange current densities, in comparison to their spontaneously formed analogues. Electrochemical analysis and direct optical visualization of Li and Na deposition in symmetric Li/Li and Na/Na cells show that the hybrid SEI provides excellent morphological control at high current densities (3-5 mA cm-2 ) for Li and even for notoriously unstable Na metal anodes. The fast interfacial transport attributes of the SEI are also found to be beneficial for Li-S cells and stable electrochemical cycling was achieved in galvanostatic studies at rates as high as 2 C. Our work therefore provides a promising approach towards rational design of multifunctional, elastic SEIs that overcome the most serious limitations of spontaneously formed interphases on high-capacity metal anodes.
The prevalence and etiology of extreme hypertriglyceridemia in children: Data from a tertiary children's hospital

Background Extreme hypertriglyceridemia (eHTG; serum triglycerides ≥ 2000 mg/dL) poses a significant risk for acute pancreatitis. There is paucity of data regarding the prevalence and etiology of eHTG in children. Objective To determine the prevalence, clinical features and etiologies of patients with eHTG at a tertiary children's hospital in the United States and in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the electronic medical records of the Children's Medical Center, Dallas, from 2000–2015, and the NHANES data from 2005–2014 for eHTG. Results Of 30,623 children, 36 (∼ 1 in 1000) had eHTG and one-third of them developed acute pancreatitis. They tended to be female (61%), Hispanic (39%), and nonobese (median body mass index z-score 1.60 and 1.25 in males and females, respectively). Most patients had secondary causes such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (30%), L-asparaginase and high-dose corticosteroid therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (28%), and sirolimus/tacrolimus therapy after solid organ transplantation (14%). Five patients (14%) had type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia (T1HLP; familial chylomicronemia syndrome). The NHANES data revealed that none of the 2362 children had eHTG, and the prevalence in adults was 0.02%. Conclusions Extreme HTG is rare in children and majority of the children had secondary causes. Patients with diabetes mellitus or receiving drugs, such as, L-asparaginase, corticosteroids, and sirolimus, should be closely monitored for eHTG. Prevalence of T1HLP is approximately 1 in 6000 at a tertiary care center with an estimated population prevalence of 1 in 3,00,000. Early neonatal screening and intervention for T1HLP can prevent life-threatening morbidities such as acute pancreatitis.
The coupling of capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV) dynamic air sampling device with DART-MS analysis for the detection of gunshot residues

Abstract A novel apparatus interfacing capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV) and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was evaluated for the trace detection and characterization of organic compounds found in smokeless powders and consequently in gunshot residues (GSR). Target analytes included nitroglycerin (NG), diphenylamine (DPA), ethyl centralite (EC), 2,4-dinitrotoluenes (2,4-DNT), methyl centralite (MC), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT) and derivatives of DPA generated from the degradation of the energetic material such as 4-nitrosodiphenylamine (4-NODPA), 2-nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDPA) and 4-nitrodiphenylamine (4-NDPA). The results from CMV-DART-MS were compared to the previously reported CMV-GC–MS method through the application of an efficient and calibrated vapor source based on an inert pre-heated GC split/splitless injector port, to simulate field sampling of GSR in the air surrounding a person’s hands. It was found that both DART-MS and GC–MS could be used in succession to detect a suite of compounds at 15 ng sampled vapor within 2.5 L of air to provide more comprehensive characterization of a sample. Overall, a method was developed for the analysis of compounds associated with GSR applying fast, dynamic air sampling (2–5 min) using the CMV device coupled for the first time to DART-MS for fast analysis (∼1 min), compared to GC–MS results under the same sampling conditions of ng quantities of the target analytes of interest.
Convergence via OSLC of the Godunov scheme for a scalar conservation law with time and space flux discontinuities

This paper deals with a Godunov scheme as applied to a scalar conservation law whose flux has discontinuities in both space and time. We extend the definition of vanishing viscosity solution of Karlsen and Towers (J Hyperbolic Differ Equ 14:671–702, 2017) (which applies to a flux with a spatial discontinuity) in order to accommodate the addition of temporal flux discontinuities, and prove that this extended definition implies uniqueness. We prove convergence of the Godunov approximations to the unique vanishing viscosity solution as the mesh size converges to zero, thus establishing well-posedness for the problem. The novel aspect of this paper is the use of a discrete one-sided Lipschitz condition (OSLC) in the discontinuous flux setting. In the classical setting where flux discontinuities are not present, the OSLC is well known to produce an immediate regularizing effect, with a local spatial variation bound resulting at any positive time. We show that the OSLC also produces a regularizing effect at any finite distance from the spatial flux discontinuity. This regularizing effect is not materially affected by temporal flux discontinuities. When combined with a Cantor diagonal argument, these regularizing effects imply convergence of the Godunov approximations. With this new method it is possible to forgo certain assumptions about the flux that seem to be required when using two commonly used convergence methods.
Type III odontoid fractures: A subgroup analysis of complex, high-energy fractures treated with external immobilization

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: Type III odontoid fractures are classically treated nonoperatively, yet, the current literature on Type III odontoid fractures includes fractures of multiple etiologies and fracture morphologies. We hypothesize that a subgroup of complex, Type III fractures caused by high-energy mechanisms are more likely to fail nonoperative treatment. Materials and Methods: Acute Type III odontoid fractures were identified at a single institution from 2008 to 2015. Fractures were categorized as high- or low-energy fracture with high-energy fractures defined as those with lateral mass comminution (>50%) or secondary fracture lines into the pars interarticularis or vertebral body. Patients were treated in either a hard collar orthosis or halo vest and were followed for fracture union and stability. Results: One hundred and twenty-five Type III odontoid fractures were identified with 51% classified as complex fractures. Thirty-three patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria including 15 patients treated in a halo vest and 18 in a hard collar orthosis. Mean follow-up was 32 (±44) weeks. Seven patients demonstrated progressive displacement of either 2 mm of translation or 5° of angulation and underwent delayed surgical stabilization. Two additional patients required delayed surgery for nonunion and myelopathy. Initial fracture displacement and angulation were not correlative with final outcome. No statistical advantage of halo vest versus hard collar orthosis was observed. Conclusions: Complex Type III odontoid fractures are distinctly different from low-energy injuries. In the current study, 21% of patients were unsuccessfully treated nonoperatively with external immobilization and required surgery. For complex Type III fractures, we recommend initial conservative treatment, while maintaining close monitoring throughout patient recovery and fracture union.
A Rational Framework for Student Interactions with Collaborative Educational Systems

The rise of a new class of collaboration tools should encourage us to examine parts of the collaborative process that may have been less valuable to examine in the past. Specifically, this research examines a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment that makes possible new modalities for student-instructor collaboration. In particular, this environment makes possible time-shifted collaboration that allows students to collaborate interactively with instructors in real time with no noticeable delay, without requiring both individuals to be actively engaged at the same time. This learning environment makes it possible to examine both new ways in which students and instructors collaborate and to provide new evidence that addresses one of the fundamental problems faced by students - procrastination. Data routinely collected as part of this (CSCL) environment make it possible to empirically examine student behaviors and performance. This method of collaboration brings up an interesting dimension in education: A deadline can be assigned and the student can continue to collaborate with the instructor in a time-shifted manner right until the deadline. It becomes a natural question to ask how students alter their behavior as the time to deadline approaches. This paper empirically examines student behavior as time to deadline approaches and interprets that behavior using a rational framework based on Temporal Motivation Theory. Both qualitative and quantitative data are presented to highlight changes in student behavior and performance as time to deadline approaches.
A pivotal role for the structure of the Holliday junction in DNA branch migration.

Abstract Branch migration of a DNA Holliday junction is a key step in genetic recombination that affects the extent of transfer of genetic information between homologous DNA sequences. We previously observed that the rate of spontaneous branch migration is exceedingly sensitive to metal ions and postulated that the structure of the cross-over point might be one critical determinant of the rate of branch migration. Other investigators have shown that in the presence of divalent metal ions like magnesium, the Holliday junction assumes a folded conformation in which base stacking is retained through the cross-over point. This base stacking is disrupted in the absence of magnesium. Here we measure the rate of branch migration as a function of Mg2+ concentration. The rate of branch migration increases dramatically at MgCl2 concentrations below 500 microM, with the steepest acceleration occurring between 300 and 100 microM MgCl2. This increase in the rate of branch migration coincides with the loss of base stacking in the four-way junction over this same interval of magnesium concentration, as measured by the susceptibility of junction residues to modification by osmium tetroxide and diethyl pyrocarbonate. We conclude that at physiological concentrations of intracellular Mg2+, base stacking in the Holliday junction constitutes one kinetic barrier to branch migration and that disruption of base stacking at the cross-over relieves this constraint.
Epilogo. Seggiolino di sinistra

Per quanto fosse elettrizzata dal lancio di Sally Ride, Jerri Sloan Truhill sapeva che rimaneva da varcare ancora una soglia della NASA: il seggiolino di sinistra. Mrs Truhill voleva vedere un comandante donna sullo Space Shuttle, un’esponente del sesso femminile a capo di una missione nello spazio cosmico. Perfino dopo centoventicinque missioni, spalmate sull’arco di quattro decenni, la NASA ancora non aveva mai scelto un comandante donna. Sally Ride era stata una specialista di missione, una scienziata che conduceva esperimenti e ricerche a bordo della navetta. Non aveva alcuna responsabilita nel pilotare il veicolo spaziale ne, come disse Sarah Gorelick Ratley, le spettava “alcuna parte del divertimento”. “Vogliamo vedere una donna alla guida dell’autobus, non seduta dietro”, fu il commento di Mrs Truhill. Jerri Truhill era rimasta in contatto con la propria compagna di test alla Lovelace, “B” Steadman, cosI come con Janey Hart e con alcune delle altre donne del Mercury 13, e tutte quante si erano solennemente ripromesse di perorare la faccenda in pubblico fino a che la NASA non si fosse decisa a nominare un comandante donna. Le aviatrici vedevano in una donna seduta sul seggiolino di sinistra la realizzazione personale dei loro sogni, nonche il proprio lascito perpetuo [1].
Uncertainty analysis of steady state incident heat flux measurements in hydrocarbon fuel fires.

The objective of this report is to develop uncertainty estimates for three heat flux measurement techniques used for the measurement of incident heat flux in a combined radiative and convective environment. This is related to the measurement of heat flux to objects placed inside hydrocarbon fuel (diesel, JP-8 jet fuel) fires, which is very difficult to make accurately (e.g., less than 10%). Three methods will be discussed: a Schmidt-Boelter heat flux gage; a calorimeter and inverse heat conduction method; and a thin plate and energy balance method. Steady state uncertainties were estimated for two types of fires (i.e., calm wind and high winds) at three times (early in the fire, late in the fire, and at an intermediate time). Results showed a large uncertainty for all three methods. Typical uncertainties for a Schmidt-Boelter gage ranged from {+-}23% for high wind fires to {+-}39% for low wind fires. For the calorimeter/inverse method the uncertainties were {+-}25% to {+-}40%. The thin plate/energy balance method the uncertainties ranged from {+-}21% to {+-}42%. The 23-39% uncertainties for the Schmidt-Boelter gage are much larger than the quoted uncertainty for a radiative only environment (i.e ., {+-}3%). This large difference is due to the convective contribution and because the gage sensitivities to radiative and convective environments are not equal. All these values are larger than desired, which suggests the need for improvements in heat flux measurements in fires.
The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA): Some Surprising Outcomes in Procurement

The Trump administration recently released the proposed text of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a major regional trade agreement that, if ratified, would replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). While the government procurement chapter of the proposed USMCA was largely a copy-and-paste from the abandoned Transpacific Trade Agreement (TPP), the procurement chapter of the USMCA did contain a few major surprises -- including the omission of Canada. This article reviews the background to the USMCA, some of the most important elements of the agreement, and the lessons learned for future international cooperation in procurement policy and law.
Oxygen Venous Embolism After Hydrogen Peroxide Use During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a common antiseptic that is available without a prescription in the United States, and it is indicated for minor dermal abrasion; mouth, gum, or dental irritations; and removal of oral secretion. Several other medical uses have also been described, including clot dissolution during endoscopic gastrointestinal evaluation, cleansing of orthopedic surgical sites, and bladder irrigation. However, these uses of H2O2, as well as high-dose ingestion, have been associated with a wide variety of medical complications, including but not limited to air pulmonary embolism and stroke. Case Presentation: Our patient is a 51-year-old female with a medical history of hypertension, familial, hypercholesterolemia, gallstones, depression, coronary artery disease (identified on calcium study because of familial hypercholesterolemia), nephrolithiasis, and recurrent cystitis. She required percutaneous nephrolithotomy and had H2O2 administered for clot dissolution. The clinical and temporal evidence would suggest a transient pulmonary air embolus after the intrarenal administration of or irrigation with H2O2, large amounts under high pressure. Conclusion: This represents the first reported incidence of air embolus as a result of intrarenal administration of H2O2.
How obvious is the dominant strategy in an English Auction? Experimental evidence

ABSTRACT Bidding one's value is a weakly dominant strategy (DS) in both English and second-price auctions (SPAs) with private values, but experimental studies find frequent and systematic deviations from the DS only in the latter. To explain the difference, Li (2017) proposes a stronger solution concept, obviously dominant strategies (ODS), that is present in English auctions but not SPAs. We introduce a treatment to English auctions that affects expected payoffs but not the DS. We observe little change in bidding in response to the manipulation in English auctions where the DS is also an ODS, whereas this manipulation has been shown to drastically affect bidding in SPAs (Georganas et al., 2017) where the DS is not an ODS.
Glass softening kinetics in the limit of high heating rates

Surface-facilitated, front-propagated softening of glassy materials is now a well-known phenomenon, which is common to stable vapor deposited glasses. As we demonstrate in our recent communication, this softening pathway is not unique to vapor-deposited vitreous phases and can be observed in ordinary melt-cooled glasses in the limit of high heating rates [Cubeta et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147(7), 071101 (2017)]. Expanding on this preliminary report, we use our thin-wire, quasi-adiabatic fast scanning calorimetry technique to investigate softening kinetics of micrometer scale, viscous liquid methylbenzene, and 2-propanol films, which are fully equilibrated at distinct temperatures near the compounds’ standard glass hardening transition ranges. Heating of each sample with rates in excess of 105 K·s−1 results in softening kinetics that are well approximated by an Arrhenius temperature function. Remarkably, the apparent activation energy barriers to non-equilibrium, front-propagated softening matches the barriers to near-equilibrium self-diffusivity at the samples’ initial temperatures. Furthermore, our analysis also shows an exceptionally strong correlation between the high temperature softening rate and the self-diffusion coefficients at low initial temperatures. Finally, our front softening velocities are also strongly dependent on the samples’ initial states, much more so than previously observed. Based on these results, we propose an extended Wilson-Frenkel model of non-equilibrium phase transformations as a general theoretical framework to describe front propagated softening in glassy materials.Surface-facilitated, front-propagated softening of glassy materials is now a well-known phenomenon, which is common to stable vapor deposited glasses. As we demonstrate in our recent communication, this softening pathway is not unique to vapor-deposited vitreous phases and can be observed in ordinary melt-cooled glasses in the limit of high heating rates [Cubeta et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147(7), 071101 (2017)]. Expanding on this preliminary report, we use our thin-wire, quasi-adiabatic fast scanning calorimetry technique to investigate softening kinetics of micrometer scale, viscous liquid methylbenzene, and 2-propanol films, which are fully equilibrated at distinct temperatures near the compounds’ standard glass hardening transition ranges. Heating of each sample with rates in excess of 105 K·s−1 results in softening kinetics that are well approximated by an Arrhenius temperature function. Remarkably, the apparent activation energy barriers to non-equilibrium, front-propagated softening matches the barriers...
A book review of citizenship education and global migration: implications for theory, research, and teaching

In Banks (2017) several of the contributing authors adhere to one of two strands of civic education (1) how society determines how immigrants gain membership, acceptance, and/or belongingness and (...
Tender X-rays

A tender X-ray momentum-resolved spectroscopy for probing elementary excitations in 4d quantum materials is reported and used to measure dispersive spin excitations in a ruthenate microcrystal.
Structure-activity relationships of potentiators of the antibiotic activity of clarithromycin against Escherichia coli

Several studies that have identified agents that potentiate the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics, but there are limited insights into their structure-activity relationships (SAR). The SAR associated with select N-alkylaryl amide derivatives of ornithine was performed to establish those structural features that were associated with potentiation of the antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin against E. coli ATCC 25922. The data indicate that the N-propyl derivative was slightly more active in reducing the effective MIC of clarithromycin against E. coli ATCC 25922. In addition, the S-enantiomer of compound 9 was somewhat more potent than the R-enantiomer in potentiating clarithromycin activity. No significant enhancement in potentiation activity was observed with the conversion of these secondary amides to their N-methyl tertiary amides. Formation of the N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl derivatives of the primary amine of 9 was associated with the loss of potentiation activity. Conversion of this primary amine to a guanidine was also not associated with an increase in potentiation activity. Among the isomeric diamino pentamides, 15 potentiated the antibacterial activity of clarithromycin to the greatest extent. In addition to these amide derivatives, the desoxy derivatives 16 and 18 were the more potent potentiators within this triamine series. The relative location of the primary amines, as indicated by the relative differences in the potentiation observed with 16 compared to 14, appears to be a critical factor in determining potentiation activity. Cell-based membrane permeabilization and efflux inhibition studies in E. coli ATCC 25922 suggest that the potentiation of clarithromycin activity by 16 reflects its ability to inhibit efflux pump activity and to a lesser extent its actions as a permeabilizer of the outer leaflet of the outer cell membrane.
Neuropeptide Y release in the rat spinal cord measured with Y1 receptor internalization is increased after nerve injury.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates nociception in the spinal cord, but little is known about its mechanisms of release. We measured NPY release in situ using the internalization of its Y1 receptor in dorsal horn neurons. Y1 receptor immunoreactivity was normally localized to the cell surface, but addition of NPY to spinal cord slices increased the number of neurons with Y1 internalization in a biphasic fashion (EC50s of 1 nM and 1 μM). Depolarization with KCl, capsaicin, or the protein kinase A activator 6-benzoyl-cAMP also induced Y1 receptor internalization, presumably by releasing NPY. NMDA receptor activation in the presence of BVT948, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, also released NPY. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal horn frequency-dependently induced NPY release; and this was decreased by the Y1 antagonist BIBO3304, the Nav channel blocker lidocaine, or the Cav2 channel blocker ω-conotoxin MVIIC. Dorsal root immersion in capsaicin, but not its electrical stimulation, also induced NPY release. This was blocked by CNQX, suggesting that part of the NPY released by capsaicin was from dorsal horn neurons receiving synapses from primary afferents and not from the afferent themselves. Mechanical stimulation in vivo, with rub or clamp of the hindpaw, elicited robust Y1 receptor internalization in rats with spared nerve injury but not sham surgery. In summary, NPY is released from dorsal horn interneurons or primary afferent terminals by electrical stimulation and by activation of TRPV1, PKA or NMDA receptors in. Furthermore, NPY release evoked by noxious and tactile stimuli increases after peripheral nerve injury.
Calibrating Trust in Automation Through Familiarity With the Autoparking Feature of a Tesla Model X

Because one of the largest influences on trust in automation is the familiarity with the system, we sought to examine the effects of familiarity on driver interventions while using the autoparking ...
Perceived Gun Access and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescent Offenders

Gun violence takes a significant toll on adolescents in the United States, and there is a lack of longitudinal research on perceptual factors that drive gun carrying. Notably, there is no informati...
EFFECT OF SLIVER NANOPARTICLES WITH COTULA CINERIA EXTRACT ON GROWING RABBITS PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND CARCASS QUALITY

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of sliver nanoparticles (40 - 50 nm |) with Cotula cineria extract (CCE) on growing Rabbits Performance, Digestibility and Carcass quality. Total of 24 growing NewZealand white (NZW) rabbits of both sexes at 5 weeks of age (with average weight 857 ± 80.87g) were at random assigned to four equal groups, each group consists of 6 rabbits, in three replicates. . Rabbits in all experimental groups were fed the same basal diet. Rabbits in the 1st group (control) were fed the basal diet without treatment, while in the 2nd group were fed the basal diet treated with Extract at a dose of 250mg/rabbit/day, in the 3rdgroup were fed the basal diet treated with sliver nanoparticles at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day, the 4thgroup were fed the basal diet treated withsliver nanoparticles with Cotula cineria extract at a dose of 10mg / kg /day from sliver nanoparticles + 125 mg /rabbit /day from extract. Live body weight (LBW), digestibility coefficients (DC) and carcass traits were determined for up to 13 weeks of age. Results showed that Live body weight had significant effect (p<0.05) in 3rd ,5 th week and nosignificant effect in all experimental weeks. Live body weight gain had no significant effect (p<0.05) in all experimental weeks and TG and the best values were in group (CCE). Feed intake weekly had significant effect (p<0.05) in all weeks of experiment and TFI, the best values were in group (CCE) (1291.7) in 3rd week. No significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in FCR within experimental weeks except FCR5 the best value was in group (CCE) ( 2.25) in FCR1.About Carcass characteristics there was significant effect on Cecum length, Abdominal fat but differences in Live Body Weight, Cecum weight and Dressing %were not significant. Apparent digestibility of OM, CP and NFE were significantly (p<0.05) and the best values were in group (SNPs) (74.66,73.85,80,03 respectively)may be due to the effect of silver Nano particles on intestinal microbial populations and improve the health and immunological status of the birds This can provide the birds with an opportunity to expend less metabolic effort for immunological control purposes and to use surplus nutrients for other physiological and productive purposes Ferket P; (2011), Furthermore, it is speculated that, as a carrier of available oxygen, silver nanoparticles could also be a potent modifier of metabolism. Silver nanoparticles and it is possible that the oxygen that accumulates in the octahedral holes of silver nanoparticles may increase anabolic activity and subsequently stimulate growth and development. It is recommended to use sliver nanoparticles on growing rabbit diets, to improve performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics, Because of their unique biological properties and strong antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles have received considerable attention and been used widely in an increasing number of consumer and medical products.
Semileptonic decays of heavy mesons with artificial neural networks

Experimental checks of the second row unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix involve extractions of the matrix element ${V}_{cd}$, which may be obtained from semileptonic decay rates of $D$ to $\ensuremath{\pi}$. These decay rates are proportional to hadronic form factors which parametrize how the quark $c\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d$ transition is realized in $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}$ meson decays. The form factors cannot yet be analytically computed over the whole range of available momentum transfer ${q}^{2}$, but can be parametrized with a varying degree of model dependency. We propose analysis of the form factor shapes using a system of artificial neural networks trained from experimental pseudodata and averaged together to predict their shapes with a prescribed uncertainty. We comment on the parameters of several commonly-used model parametrizations of semileptonic form factors. We extract shape parameters and use unitarity to bound the form factor at a given ${q}^{2}$, which then allows us to bound the CKM matrix element $|{V}_{cd}|$.
Robust Source Localization Exploiting Collaborative UAV Network

In this paper, we propose a robust strategy to localize multiple ground sources exploiting a distributed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network in the presence of impulse noise. We achieve robust source localization by using l 1 -principal component analysis (l 1 -PCA) based signal subspace estimation at each individual UAV. This approach significantly reduces the signal subspace perturbation compared to the conventional l 2- PCA based counterpart. The obtained robust signal subspace estimate is exploited to provide an improved estimate of the noise subspace, which is in turn utilized by the MUSIC algorithm to render coarse source localization at each individual UAV. The source localization information obtained at multiple UAVs is then fused by exploiting group sparsity using the re-weighted l 1 minimization. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The portal is the plan: governing US oceans in regional assemblages

We apply theories of environmental governance, assemblage, and geo-epistemology to critically reflect on ocean planning in federal waters of the USA. US ocean planning was initiated in July 2010 when President Obama issued Executive Order 13547; this set in motion what was then called coastal and marine spatial planning, but without a congressional legislative mandate or budgetary appropriation. There are many reasons we might expect ocean planning to be centered in the US federal government, but ocean planning is transpiring in a neoliberal era in which there is little enthusiasm for “big government” and its projects. Thus, the project has been one of governance, with federal and state agencies participating along with non-government actors. What does a public planning process of this scope and geographic extent look like as a project of environmental governance? We focus on governance actors and the scale at which they operate, as well as the data infrastructure to support ocean planning, to analyze how US ocean planning is both illustrative of and contributes to our understanding of contemporary environmental governance. We have argued elsewhere that ocean planning in the USA has the potential to deliver outcomes alternative to marginalization of communities and enclosure of environments for capital accumulation, but this potential is fragile. In an era of unstable government when executive orders can be issued and revoked at the whim of the White House, questions about who/how ocean planning is carried in real space/time become even more important.