cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking point Multi-spanning membrane proteins: How accurate are the models?

Abstract Current models of integral membrane proteins are based on α-helices 22 or more residues in length, long enough to span the phospholipid bilayer. For proteins that contain many such potential α-helices the assumption of a minimum length is incorrect; I suggest alternative models for the structure of membrane transport proteins.
Status of the numi neutrino beam at fermilab

The NuMI beam at Fermilab produces a high-intensity neutrino beam for neutrino oscillation experiments. Since the start of 2005, NuMI has been delivering beam to the MINOS experiment. Greater than 2times10[20] 120 GeV protons have been delivered to the neutrino production target, with a peak power of 320 kW being achieved. This note reports on the status and operation of the beam and its technical components, including the target, horns, and instrumentation.
Symmetric Sink Flow Between Parallel Plates

Steady, laminar, incompressible flow converging radially between two stationary disks is investigated numerically as a continuously developing flow problem under the internal boundary layer approximations. At dimensionless radii much greater than one the velocity profile becomes parabolic and invariant, but at radii less than one a typical external boundary layer evolves close to the wall with an approximately uniform core region; and the boundary layer thickness decreases from one-half the disk spacing to values proportional to the local radii as the flow accelerates. At large radii the friction factor approaches the classic value obtained for fully developed flow between infinite plates, but at small radii it approaches the constant 2.17/..sqrt..R/sub 0/, where R/sub 0/ is an overall Reynolds number based on the volumetric flow rate and the disk spacing and is independent of radius. Tabular and graphical results are provided for the intermediate range of radii, where both viscous and inertial effects are important and exact analyses are not available.
How I treat sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), previously called veno-occlusive disease (VOD) can be a difficult problem after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The overall incidence has changed since the early days of allogeneic HCT. Prophylaxis and treatment remain important components of supportive care. As the indication and the comorbidities for HCT continue to change, especially with older and more infirm patients, SOS remains an important area for clinicians. I discuss how SOS could be addressed, from prophylaxis to diagnosis and potential therapy.
Calciocarbonatite and magnesiocarbonatite rocks and magmas represented in the system CaO-MgO-CO 2 -H 2 O at 0.2 GPa

The low-pressure eutectic for the coprecipitation of calcite, portlandite, and periclase/brucite (with H_2O-rich vapor) has served as a model for the existence and crystallization of carbonatite magmas. Attempts to determine conditions for the appearance of dolomite at this eutectic have been unsuccessful. We have discovered a second low-temperature eutectic for more magnesian liquids which excludes portlandite and includes dolomite (all results are vapor-saturated). Addition of Ca(OH)_2-Mg(OH)_2 to CaCO_3-MgCO_3 at 0.2 GPa depresses the liquidus to temperatures below the crest of the calcite-dolomite solvus; the vapor-saturated liquidus surface falls steeply, and the field boundary for liquids coexisting with calcite and periclase reaches a peritectic at 880 °C, where a narrow field for liquidus dolomite begins, extending down to the eutectic at 659 °C for the coprecipitation of calcite, dolomite and periclase (brucite should replace periclase at slightly higher pressures). The calcite liquidus is very large. The field boundary for coexistence of calcite and dolomite extends approximately in the direction from CaMg(CO_3)_2 towards Mg(OH)_2. The results illustrate conditions for the formation of mineral-specific cumulates from variable magma compositions. Hydrous (or sodic) carbonate-rich liquids with compositions from CaCO_3 to CaMg(CO_3)_2 will precipitate calcite-carbonatites first, followed by calcite-dolomite-carbonatites, with the prospect of precipitating dolomite-carbonatite alone through a limited temperature interval, and with periclase joining the assemblage in the closing stages. Periclase in the Fe-free system may represent the ubiquitous occurrence of magnetite in natural carbonatites. The restricted range for the precipitation of dolomite-carbonatites adds credibility to the evidence for primary magnesiocarbonatite (near-dolomite composition) magmas. Magnesiocarbonatite magmas can precipitate much calcite-carbonatite rock.
A new active variable stiffness suspension system using a nonlinear energy sink-based controller

This paper presents the active case of a variable stiffness suspension system. The central concept is based on a recently designed variable stiffness mechanism which consists of a horizontal control strut and a vertical strut. The horizontal strut is used to vary the load transfer ratio by actively controlling the location of the point of attachment of the vertical strut to the car body. The control algorithm, effected by a hydraulic actuator, uses the concept of nonlinear energy sink (NES) to effectively transfer the vibrational energy in the sprung mass to a control mass, thereby reducing the transfer of energy from road disturbance to the car body at a relatively lower cost compared to the traditional active suspension using the skyhook concept. The analyses and simulation results show that a better performance can be achieved by subjecting the point of attachment of a suspension system, to the chassis, to the influence of a horizontal NES system.
Nonverbal Behavior in a Global Context: A Time for Dialogue

Reports across diverse disciplines attest to the dramatic changes that are taking place in the connectedness of different cultures around the globe. Indeed, Arnett (2002) notes that globalization is one of the most widely used terms to describe the current state of the world. Like professionals and scholars in other disciplines, nonverbal researchers cannot avoid asking questions about human behavior within a global context. The history of nonverbal theory and research has been infused to a greater extent than most other areas of psychological inquiry with questions about cross-cultural similarities and differences in behavior (DePaulo & Friedman, 1998; Knapp & Hall, 2006). However, these questions have often been in the service of debating universal versus cultural origins of particular nonverbal phenomena such as the facial expression of emotions. Questions within a contemporary global context call attention to broader issues given that globalization entails a diversity of phenomena. The Journal of Nonverbal Behavior offers our readers an opportunity to consider some of these issues in this Special Focus on Nonverbal Behavior in a Global Context. To this end, two papers are featured. Each paper is accompanied by a Dialogue in which the lead author responds to questions posed by the editor. We hope that these Dialogues provide our readers with useful insights for raising questions about their own and other research that will move us closer to meeting the challenges of understanding nonverbal behavior in this contemporary global world. In the first paper, Patterson, Iizuka, Tubbs, Ansel, Tsutsumi, and Anson describe the results of their experimental investigation of unfocused interactions between pedestrians on streets in America and Japan. Although understanding how the process of what Goffman (1963) calls civil inattention and related nonverbal displays differ and play out in casual cross-cultural interactions is an interesting question in its own right, it is an especially important one within a global context. More specifically, in this era of globalization where
Fast Procedure for Practical Member Sizing Optimization of Steel Moment Frames

AbstractA conceptually intuitive, computationally efficient iterative procedure is formulated to optimize the member sizes of regular steel moment frames under both lateral forces and gravity loads. This procedure aims to maximize the interstory drifts of a steel frame while satisfying code requirements on both individual member strength and story lateral stiffness. A key premise of the present optimization method is that the process of pushing the interstory drift profile of a steel frame toward the code-specified interstory drift limit (i.e., attaining a fully drifted state) is inherently accompanied by a reduction in the total steel weight of the frame. To attain the desired fully drifted state, an iterative scheme for the story-by-story updating of the column and beam sizes is provided. At each iteration, a steel member is resized according to the worst of its strength demand-to-capacity ratio and the interstory drift demand-to-limit ratio. The iterative process continues until the total steel weight ...
Research and the changing campus environment

Everyone who is exposed to the realities of daily life in the U.S. is aware of the fact that dissenting students are not hesitating to make their dissatisfaction with the establishment known, and, in fact, are taking direct action to implement their various causes. In a number of instances their target has been defense-oriented research on the campus; an example of this was the pressure in recent months to achieve control of research programs at SRI. As this article points out, the militants need not be victorious?their actions in themselves are enough to affect the climate within which the researcher must work. Furthermore, as these ``new'' students leave the university to enter industry, they take their attitudes with them. As a result, a whole new philosophy of management is becoming necessary.
Signal Data Mining from Wearable Systems

Sensors from wearable systems can be analyzed in real-time on-site, or can be transmitted to a central hub to be analyzed off-line. In both cases, the goal of the analysis is to extract from the measurements information about the state of the user, and identify anomalous behavior to alert the person. The notion of state depends obviously on the particular application, but in general characterizes a high-level function: the user is awake (as opposed to asleep), the user is falling, the user is going to have a heart attack, etc.
Hypoalgesic Effect of Caffeine in Experimental Ischemic Muscle Contraction Pain

It has been theorized that adenosine is a leading candidate for the metabolite responsible for ischemic muscle pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, on ischemic skeletal muscle contraction pain. Seven healthy adult volunteers with no history of pain disorders, systemic disease, or habitual caffeine use, were chosen for the two-session, cross-over, double-blind study. Every subject received either 200 mg of caffeine (NoDoz, Bristol-Myers) or identical placebo 1 hour before each of the two trials. Ischemia of the forearm was achieved by inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 250 mm Hg. Forearm muscle activity was generated by performance of wrist curis using a 5-gram bar at a rate of 40 cycles per minute. Pain was rated at 15-second intervals for 1 minute using a visual analog scale (0 to 10) with verbal descriptors. Significance was determined by univariate and multivariate analyses of variance and covariance including repeated measures. Pain ratings at 15 seconds in the caffeine trial were significantly lower (P < 0.02) than those in the placebo trial. This effect continued at 30 seconds (P < 0.05). However, by 45 seconds, pain in the caffeine trial was not significantly lower (P = 0.4) than that in the placebo trial. These results show that high-dose caffeine exhibits considerable analgesic efficacy in experimental muscle pain, adding support for a role of adenosine in producing ischemic muscle contraction pain.
Lessons Learned through the Creative and Iterative Process of Community-Based Participatory Research

The purpose of this article is to examine lessons learned through the process of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project that attempted to implement an innovative approach to community research in partnership with a clinical outcomes research project. Principal investigators were convinced that collaboration would be workable and mutually beneficial. When they reached the point where they were entering the community to begin their work, however, investigators came to realize the full implications of the divergence of their respective research principles and methods. Approaches that benefited both teams initially brought them to see that neither project would be able to achieve its individual research goals if the two teams continued to operate in tandem. The design that brought these teams together ultimately proved unworkable. The reflective and iterative process of CBPR empowered investigators to recognize and learn from both their success and failures and thus gain better control over their respective projects.
MAP and regularized constrained total least-squares image restoration

In this paper the problem of restoring an image distorted by a linear space-invariant (LST) point-spread function (PSF) which is not exactly known is solved using a maximum-a posteriori (MAP) formulation. Using the diagonalization properties of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for circulant matrices, the MAP estimate is computed in the DFT domain. The similarities between the MAP and the regularized constrained total least-squares (RCTLS) estimates are reported and their equivalence under certain conditions is discussed. A perturbation analysis of the MAP estimate is performed to obtain its mean-squared error (MSE) in a closed form, for small PSF errors. Numerical experiments for different PSF errors are performed to test the MAP estimator for this problem. Objective MSE-based and visual comparisons with the modified linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) filter are presented that verify the superiority of the MAP estimator for higher PSF errors. >
Crime on the subways: Measuring the effectiveness of the guardian angels

For the past several decades, criminal justice practitioners and observers have begun to suggest that our crime problems cannot be solved without increased levels of citizen involvement. Advocates of this philosophy were especially fueled by research throughout the 1970s—such as that conducted in Kansas City on patrol and by the Rand Corporation on detectives—which showed that the police were largely unable to deter and prevent crime and that citizens, far more than police, solved crimes. In response, many communities have begun to actively promote methods aimed at increasing citizen participation in law enforcement. In other communities, many private groups have organized on their own initiative to become actively involved in crime prevention and fighting. Despite the rapid proliferation of these citizen action organizations, few efforts have been made to determine their effectiveness in reducing either crime or its related fear. Since this question is so central to decisions concerning the role these or...
∞6 Mixed plate theories based on the Generalized Unified Formulation. Part I: Governing equations

Abstract The generalized unified formulation (GUF) is a formal technique which was introduced in the framework of displacement-based theories. GUF is extended for the first time to the case in which a mixed variational statement (Reissner’s mixed variational theorem) is used. Each of the displacement variables and out-of-plane stresses is independently treated and different orders of expansions for the different unknowns can be chosen. Since infinite combinations can be freely chosen for the displacements u x , u y , u z and for the stresses σ xz , σ yz , σ zz , the generalized unified formulation allows the user to write, with a single formal theory, ∞ 6 theories which can be successfully implemented in a single FEM code. In addition, this formulation allows the user to treat each unknown independently and, therefore, different numerical approaches can be used in the FEM codes based on this generalized unified formulation. All the theories are originated from 13 independent fundamental nuclei (kernels of the generalized unified formulation) which are formally invariant and the layerwise mixed theories (analyzed in Part II), mixed higher order shear deformation theories (analyzed in Part III) and advanced mixed zig-zag models (analyzed in Part IV) can be studied without extra implementations or theoretical developments. Numerical performances and convergence properties of a very large amount of new mixed theories are discussed (Part V) with particular focus on the effects of the orders of expansion in the thickness direction of the displacements and modeled stresses. Multilayered composite plates will be analyzed. Different mixed variational statements could be used and the formulation could be easily adopted for multifield problems such as thermoelastic applications and multilayered plates embedding piezo-layers.
Influence of irrigant needle depth in removing bioluminescent bacteria inoculated into instrumented root canals using real-time imaging in vitro.

Aim To test the hypothesis that the mechanical efficacy of irrigation in reducing bacteria in the root canal is dependent on depth of placement of the irrigation needle. Methodology The root canals of 30 permanent cuspids were instrumented to apical size 60 using a crown-down technique. A suspension of the bioluminescent reporter strain Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL was inoculated into each canal of sterilized teeth. Emission of bioluminescence (photons s−1) from each tooth was quantified on four sequential occasions using luminometry and bioluminescence imaging: (i) background, (ii) after inoculation, (iii) after irrigating the inoculated teeth with 3 mL of a nonantimicrobial irrigant delivered either 1 mm (group 1, n = 15) or 5 mm (group 2, n = 15) from working length (WL) using a 28G safety-ended irrigating needle, (iv) after an additional 3 mL irrigation (total 6 mL). Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were made using Wilcoxon matched pairs and Mann–Whitney tests, respectively. Results In group 1, there was a mean log10 decrease in bacteria of 0.68 ± 0.26 after 3 mL of irrigant compared with 1.19 ± 0.48 after 6 mL (P < 0.001); in group 2 the mean log10 decrease was 0.58 ± 0.28 after 3 mL of irrigant compared with 0.69 ± 0.35 after 6 mL (P < 0.02) (Wilcoxon matched pairs). Using 3 mL of irrigant, needle depth did not have a significant effect on reduction of intracanal bacteria (P = 0.407), but the effect became significant when 6 mL of irrigant was used (P < 0.002) (Mann–Whitney tests). Conclusions The mechanical efficacy of 6 mL of irrigant in reducing intracanal bacteria was significantly greater when delivered 1 mm compared with 5 mm from WL.
Toward Automatic Generation of HyTime Applications

Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime) provides a comprehensive set of primitives for composing hypermedia documents. HyTime engines have been developed that process the HyTime-encoded information in arbitrary conforming documents. Applications of HyTime can use engines in initial document processing, but the non-HyTime functionalities of applications must be explicitly coded. In this paper we discuss a model for generating HyTime applications. We also present a paradigm for the automatic generation of application code within the content of this model.
Psychosocial Adjustment and Self-Reported Patterns of Alcohol Use among Hispanic Adolescents

There is growing evidence that a host of factors, commonly referred to as protective resources, can serve to mediate patterns of alcohol use commonly found in at-risk groups. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of two protective resources-(a) self-concept and (b) attitudes pertaining to the benefits of alcohol-to differentiate between self-reported alcohol users and nonusers in a sample of Hispanic junior high school students (N = 207). Generally, the results revealed that Hispanic adolescents with more positive self-concepts were less likely to use alcohol or to have friends who use alcohol. The number of benefits ascribed to alcohol was found to vary by grade level and to be positively linked with using alcohol or associating with peers who use alcohol. The importance of prevention and intervention programs at the junior high school level or earlier is discussed
A Probability of Detection Method for Reducing Short-Period mb−Ms False Alarm Rates

The 20-sec m b− M s discriminant is one of the most reliable and best understood methods for identifying underground nuclear explosions. To extend the discriminant to lower magnitude thresholds at regional distances it is necessary to perform the M s measurement at shorter periods. Although short-period Rayleigh- wave measurements have lower detection thresholds than those at 20 sec, they are more influenced by the effects of earthquake depth that cause overlap of earthquake and explosion populations. We present a technique using a probability of detection model (pxd) to estimate the probability that a surface-wave detection came from an underground explosion. The key to the method is the development of a simple analytic model to predict the maximum expected amplitude probability distribution (upper tail) from an underground explosion of a given body-wave magnitude recorded at a specified distance. The model assumes full coupling and accounts for material effects, attenuation, and amplification from tectonic release. The detection classifier is applicable when there is a signal detection above a specified signal-to-noise cutoff and the detection is of greater amplitude than the maximum expected explosion amplitude. We assume that in general, earthquakes generate larger 6- to 12-sec Rayleigh-wave amplitudes than explosions for a given body-wave magnitude. For a given sensor we define the probability of detection given that the source was an explosion. Using Bayes’ Rule we determine the probability that the signal detection originated from an explosion. The surface-wave probability of detection curve for a given period and the prior probability that an explosion occurred can also be included in the formulation. We compute the conditional probability (represented as a p value) that the detected signal originated from an explosion. No assumptions regarding the non-explosion source are necessary other than the fact that the maximum amplitudes are expected to be greater than those from the explosion under full coupling conditions. Under the specified conditions, the p value will always be a small value indicating a low probability that the detected signal originated from an explosion. The p value can also be thought of as a random variable that can be combined with other discriminants in a multivariate setting. We show results of the signal detection formulation using short- period Rayleigh waves from earthquakes and explosions in Eurasia and compare to the traditional m b− M s at different periods. For a set of earthquakes and explosions recorded at wmq measured at a 6- to 12-sec period, false alarm rates are reduced from 28.3% for m b− M s to 18.6% using the probability of detection model. Using pxd by itself as an earthquake identifier, 78% of all events are assigned a p value resulting in a false alarm rate of 22% that is better than m b− M s alone for this dataset.
Non-glycosylated human B7-1(CD80) retains the capacity to bind its counter-receptors

Though the cell surface-associated costimulator B7-1(CD80) is known to be highly N-glycosylated, the functional significance of this N-glycosylation has not been evaluated. Two experimental approaches were taken to assess the influence of N-glycosylation on human B7-1 function. First, stable K562 transfectants expressing human B7-1 were treated with the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. This treatment reduced the levels of B7-1 at the cell surface as judged by both indirect immunofluorescence/flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation analyses. Significantly, the non-glycosylated cell surface-associated B7-1 on tunicamycin-treated cells retained the capacity to bind CTLA-4 x Ig, a soluble derivative of the CTLA-4(CD152) counter-receptor. Second, experiments were performed with bacterially-produced non-glycosylated derivatives of human B7-1, comprising either the complete B7-1 extracellular domain (hB7-1 x ed) or the membrane-proximal IgC-homologue domain of B7-1 in isolation (hB7-1 x IgC). While the hB7-1 x IgC derivative failed to bind to CTLA-4, the larger hB7-1 x ed derivative associated with CTLA-4 x Ig in cell-free binding assays. Futhermore, recombinant hB7-1 x ed effectively blocked B7-1-mediated costimulation in an in vitro T cell proliferation assay, suggesting that this soluble non-glycosylated B7-1 derivative is capable of engaging CD28, the B7 counter-receptor implicated in T cell activation. Taken together, these data indicate that the N-glycosylation of B7-1 is not required for its association with counter-receptors. Moreover, the findings pave the way for the therapeutic use of recombinant bacterial B7-1 derivatives as competitive inhibitors of B7-mediated signals.
Delay analysis of tree conflict resolution algorithm with and without broadcast reservation using random or pseudo random addressing

An analysis is made of the performance of tree conflict resolution algorithms. A system with a finite number of users is considered, and each user provides buffers to store backlogged packets. In particular, the delay and system capacity of Capetanakis's original tree protocol (1979) and the broadcast reservation (BR) protocol using both random and pseudo random addressing are studied. Due to the nature of random access, the maximum throughput is low (only 0.348 for the original tree protocol). To improve it, the BR protocol combines the original tree protocol with the idea of demand assignment and yields very good delay-throughput. For the tree protocols, the random addressing scheme is fair but less efficient than deterministic addressing. To have fair and efficient addressing, an addressing scheme called pseudo random addressing is studied. It is as efficient as deterministic addressing and yet as fair as random addressing. >
Thank you CytoJournal reviewers for your 2012 and 2013 services

Cytopathology foundation thanks all 2012 and 2013 CytoJournal peer reviewers for extending their resources by devoting significant efforts and time. Contribution of high quality scientific cytopathology literature through public domain under open access (OA) charter of CytoJournal is only possible with continued dedication of this segment of academia.
A routing underlay for overlay networks

We argue that designing overlay services to independently probe the Internet--with the goal of making informed application-specific routing decisions--is an untenable strategy. Instead, we propose a shared routing underlay that overlay services query. We posit that this underlay must adhere to two high-level principles. First, it must take cost (in terms of network probes) into account. Second, it must be layered so that specialized routing services can be built from a set of basic primitives. These principles lead to an underlay design where lower layers expose large-scale, coarse-grained static information already collected by the network, and upper layers perform more frequent probes over a narrow set of nodes. This paper proposes a set of primitive operations and three library routing services that can be built on top of them, and describes how such libraries could be useful to overlay services.
Cdk5 mediated coronin-1a phosphorylation is required for PLC-γ 1 mediated generation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and calcium mobilization after TCR activation (IRM10P.745)

The intracellular molecular signatures leading to T cell homeostasis and activation largely remains elusive. We have recently reported an unprecedented but important role for Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in regulating T cell activation and function, expanding the repertoire of nonneuronal activities for this kinase. In this study, we generated lineage restricted deletion of Cdk5 in T cells (Cdk5TKO-mice) to avoid embryonic lethality caused by the germ line deletion of the Cdk5 gene. Our results show a profound defect in Ca2+ mobilization, IL-2 production, and proliferation following TCR stimulation of mature peripheral T cells isolated from Cdk5-TKO mice. This phenotype was associated with a decrease in viability of activated T cells and Cdk5TKO-mice were refractory to induction experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an observation associated with an increase in caspase-3 activity in the spleen of Cdk5TKO-mice following immunization. Here we show Cdk5 mediated phosphorylation of Coronin 1a at threonine- 418 regulates coronin-1a complex formation with phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), which is essential for the generation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) upon TCR stimulation, thereby mediating Ca2+ release from intracellular stores that is essential for T cell activation and survival. These findings support a rationale for pursuit of Cdk5-trageted therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune as well as lymphoproliferative disorders.
A lexicon driven approach to handwritten word recognition for real-time applications

A fast method of handwritten word recognition suitable for real time applications is presented in this paper. Preprocessing, segmentation and feature extraction are implemented using a chain code representation of the word contour. Dynamic matching between characters of a lexicon entry and segment(s) of the input word image is used to rank the lexicon entries in order of best match. Variable duration for each character is defined and used during the matching. Experimental results prove that our approach using the variable duration outperforms the method using fixed duration in terms of both accuracy and speed. Speed of the entire recognition process is about 200 msec on a single SPARC-10 platform and the recognition accuracy is 96.8 percent are achieved for lexicon size of 10, on a database of postal words captured at 212 dpi.
Body image disorders: Anorexia nervosa versus reverse anorexia (muscle dysmorphia) / Trastornos de la imagen corporal: Anorexia nerviosa versus anorexia inversa (trastorno dismórfico muscular)

Abstract Background : Among body image disorders, anorexia nervosa (AN) in females and muscle dysmorphia (MD) in males, emerge as the more representative. Objective: To describe the relationship of clinical characteristics between AN and MD. Method : A review of specialised textbooks and the available literature in Medline/PubMed and SciELO was made . Results: There are similarities and differences between both disorders. They begin in adolescence, show a great diagnostic crossover, use/abuse of pharmacological drugs, similar comorbidities, improvement with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behaviouralcognitive psychotherapy, they are focused in body image, but AN pursuits thinness while MD muscle development. From a psychosocial perspective, body image disorders come out due to western socio-cultural pressures related to gender role stereotypes, which emphasise a slim feminine figure versus a vigorous masculine one. The nosological classification of MD is controversial and it has been including within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum of the DSM-5. Conclusions : Both disorders imply body dissatisfaction with different degrees of body image distortion, even reaching delusional dimensions. Future studies are required which can lay the foundations of new categorisations of these disorders that better clarify their essence. Resumen Introduccion: Entre los trastornos relacionados con la imagen corporal, la anorexia nerviosa (AN) en el sexo femenino y el trastorno dismorfico muscular (TDM) en el masculino surgen como los mas representativos. Objetivo: Analizar descriptivamente la relacion entre las caracteristicas clinicas de la AN y el TDM. Metodo: Se realizo una busqueda bibliografica sobre la relacion entre AN y TDM mediante las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, SciELO y textos especializados. Resultados: Existen similitudes y diferencias entre ambos trastornos. Se inician en la adolescencia, muestran gran traslape diagnostico, uso/abuso de farmacos, similares comorbilidades, mejoria con inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina, psicoterapia cognitivoconductual y se focalizan en la imagen corporal, pero en la AN se persigue la delgadez, mientras que en el TDM, el desarrollo muscular. Desde la perspectiva psicosocial, estos trastornos de la imagen corporal surgen debido a las presiones socioculturales occidentales relacionadas con los estereotipos de rol de genero, que enfatizan una silueta esbelta femenina versus una masculina vigorosa. La clasificacion nosologica del TDM ha sido controvertida, siendo actualmente incluida en el DSM-5 en el espectro obsesivo-compulsivo. Conclusiones: Ambos trastornos implican una insatisfaccion corporal con diversos grados de distorsion de la imagen corporal, alcanzando aun dimensiones delirantes. Se requieren futuras investigaciones que puedan fundamentar nuevas categorizaciones de estos desordenes, clarificadoras de su esencia. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-TRAD JA X-NONE
Rifabutin and rifampin resistance levels and associated rpoB mutations in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Cross-resistance in rifamycins has been observed in rifampin (RIF)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates; some rpoB mutations do not confer broad in vitro rifamycin resistance. We examined 164 isolates, of which 102 were RIF-resistant, for differential resistance between RIF and rifabutin (RFB). A total of 42 unique single mutations or combinations of mutations were detected. The number of unique mutations identified exceeded that reported in any previous study. RFB and RIF MICs up to 8 μg/mL by MGIT 960 were studied; the cut-off values for susceptibility to RIF and RFB were 1 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. We identified 31 isolates resistant to RIF but susceptible to RFB with the mutations D516V, D516F, 518 deletion, S522L, H526A, H526C, H526G, H526L, and two dual mutations (S522L + K527R and H526S + K527R). Clinical investigations using RFB to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases harboring those mutations are recommended.
When is applied urban research 'policy relevant?'

The type of research presented in this paper requires unusual support and guidance from others. The survey of NSF/RANN funding in the field of urban management and public service delivery could not have been accomplished without encouragement and facilitation of L. Vaughn Blan­ kenship, Director of the Division of Applied Research, The National Science Foundation. The case study called "Manag­ ing Vandalism" relied on the goodwill, honesty and percep­ tiveness of Robert Fichter and Alvin Scott, two extraordi­ nary City employees who took risks in conducting this pro­ ject and then in reflecting on it. Tribute is also due to the 30 public servants around the country who responded sincerely and thoughtfully to an extensive telephone interview on that project, all 'in the cause of science'. The case study called "Property Tax Policy" depended on about twenty key informants. Of this group, Robert Weinberg of Boston University, Alexander Ganz of the City of Boston, and Michael Schneider of the U.S . Department of Housing and Urban Development were absolutely essential, as allies and subjects who helped me to search through the many strands of this complex project.
TRH analogue microinjected into specific medullary nuclei stimulates gastric serotonin secretion in rats.

Brain nuclei involved in vagal release of gastric serotonin (5-HT) were investigated in urethan-anesthetized rats acutely implanted with gastric cannula. Gastric secretions were collected every 10-...
A Crevice Blow-by Model for a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine Used for Chemical Kinetic (HCCI) Studies

A crevice blow-by model has been developed for a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine. This device can be used to study chemical kinetics with application to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition and other alternative combustion processes. In order to accurately resolve the ignition conditions and understand the oxidation process, accurate models for heat transfer and crevice flow, including blow-by past the ringpack, must be utilized. Crevice flows are important when high compression ratio or boosted operation is investigated. In previous work the heat loss characteristics of the RCEM were characterized; this study concerns the crevice flows within the RCEM. A ring-dynamic model, first developed at MIT and recently modified at UIUC to account for circumferential flow pas unlubricated rings, was employed. The 0-D model was coupled to a four-zone heat release code and tuned so that good agreement could be achieved between a computed ‘modified-entropy’ pressure and the experimentally measured pressure for a number of high compression ratio (20-50:1) ‘motored’ runs. The model was then used with two ‘fired’ cases (natural gas / air) to understand how the crevice dynamics change and how the model affects the understanding of the combustion process. In a companion paper the ringpack model is incorporated into an integrated chemical kinetics / computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to investigate the influence of the crevice flows on the in-cylinder charge motion and temperature profiles that develop during the compression and expansion strokes of the RCEM.
On the Assessment of Unidimensional Measurement: Internal and External Consistency, and Overall Consistency Criteria:

Kumar and Dillon recently presented a conceptual, overall consistency criterion that represents a sufficient condition for consistency. In commenting on their article, the authors (1) clarify the i...
Susceptibility of Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Populations from Commercial Apple Orchards and an Unsprayed Habitat in New York to Tebufenozide

Unlike most newly introduced insecticides, tebufenozide has not provided excellent control of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), in apple orchards. Susceptibility of C. rosaceana to tebufenozide from 5 commercial orchards with different histories of infestation in the western, central, and Hudson Valley regions of New York was compared with susceptible larvae collected from an unsprayed habitat. All colonies from commercial orchards exhibited resistance in a leaf immersion bioassay. Colonies collected from commercial orchards in each of the 3 growing regions exhibited resistance to azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos. Cross-resistance of tebufenozide to other orchard insecticides may be affecting field performance of this new compound.
Learned and Remembered But Rejected Preschoolers’ Reality Judgments and Transfer From Sesame Street

Although preschoolers learn from educational TV, they may not use information appropriately due to their developing understanding of video and fantasy-reality distinctions. Seventy 3- to 5-year-olds watched a Sesame Street clip, introduced as either “fun” or “for learning,” that depicted aspects of Hispanic culture (e.g., fiestas). They answered comprehension questions and rated the reality of the educational and fantasy content. Approximately a week later, a seemingly unrelated interviewer asked for help planning a fiesta (transfer task), then reassessed memory and reality judgments. Regardless of condition, children retained most of what they learned, but all ages became increasingly skeptical about the reality of both the educational and fantasy content. Consistent with theorizing about transfer, children’s use of the educational content depended on both memory and reality judgments. Older children remembered the information better than younger children, but memory only predicted transfer if the inform...
Spatial and Temporal Sensitivity of Alternaria Species Associated With Potato Foliar Diseases to Demethylation Inhibiting and Anilino-Pyrimidine Fungicides.

Early blight and brown spot, caused by Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata, respectively, are important foliar diseases of potato, affecting both tuber yield and quality. Most of the commercial cultivars lack resistance; therefore, the application of foliar fungicides remains a primary disease management strategy. Baseline sensitivities of A. solani to difenoconazole and metconazole (demethylation inhibitors) using mycelial growth assay exhibited similar intrinsic activity against the pathogen with mean EC50 (the effective concentration at which the fungal growth is inhibited by 50%) values of 0.09 μg/ml. However, the sensitivity of individual baseline A. solani isolates to each fungicide varied substantially, resulting in very low and nonsignificant correlation coefficients among fungicides. Mean EC50 values for baseline A. alternata isolates in response to difenoconazole and metconazole were 0.14 and 0.26 μg/ml, respectively. The sensitivity of the majority of A. solani and A. alternata isolates ...
The critical role of obstetric anaesthesia in low-income and middle-income countries

In the current issue of The Lancet Global Health Soha Sobhy and colleagues have compiled the first systematic review and meta-analysis of anaesthesia-related maternal mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. They find that anaesthesia contributes 2·8% of all maternal deaths in these settings. Although this percentage is small the overall frequency of anaesthesia-related maternal death is 300-fold higher for neuraxial anaesthesia and 900-fold higher for general anaesthesia than that reported for the USA (1·2 per 1000 women undergoing an obstetric procedure vs 3·8 per million and 5·9 per 1000 vs 6·5 per million respectively). This disparity highlights a significant opportunity for improvement in safe childbirth worldwide because anaesthesia-related maternal mortality is almost always preventable. Massive open online courses and open access electronic journals and textbooks show promise to rapidly expand access to information. Electronic networks that connect learners with technical experts may be an effective strategy to spread expertise around the globe. But investigations into specific clinical contexts are needed to identify and address local factors that impede and facilitate improvements in care and at the same time define generalisable principles of how to accelerate innovations in perioperative patient safety. It is gratifying that obstetric surgery has finally emerged as a global health priority and that this systematic review published in The Lancet Global Health points to the critical role of obstetric anaesthesia in ensuring the safety of childbirth around the world. (Excerpts) Copyright © Mhyre. Open Access.
A moments-based algorithm for optimizing the information mined in post-processing spray images

The Moments-algorithm was developed to post-process images of sprays with the aim of characterizing the sprays’ complex features (e.g., trajectory, dispersions and dynamics) in terms of simple curves, which can be used for developing correlation models and design tools. To achieve this objective, the algorithm calculates the first moments of pixel intensity values in instantaneous images of the spray to determine its center-of-gravity (CG) trajectory (i.e., the spray density-weighted centerline trajectory). Thereafter, the second moments (i.e., standard-deviations, σ) of intensities are calculated to describe the dispersion of spray materials around the CG. After the instantaneous CG's and σ's for the instantaneous images have been obtained, they are arithmetically averaged to produce the average spray trajectories and dispersions. Additionally, the second moments of instantaneous CG's are used to characterize the spray’s fluctuation magnitude. The Moments-algorithm has three main advantages over threshold-based edge-tracking and other conventional post-processing approaches: (1) It simultaneously describes the spray’s instantaneous and average trajectories, dispersions and fluctuations, instead of just the outer/inner-edges, (2) the use of moments to define these spray characteristics is more physically meaningful because they reflect the statistical distribution of droplets within the spray plume instead of relying on an artificially interpreted “edge”, and (3) the use of moments decreases the uncertainties of the post-processed results because moments are mathematically defined and do not depend upon user-adjustments/interpretations.
Assimilation of tracking technology in the supply chain

Abstract While tracking technology has become increasingly accessible, firms still struggle with deploying these technologies into the supply chain. Using the complementary perspectives of transaction cost and institutional theory, we develop an understanding of how supply network, product, and environmental characteristics jointly impact tracking technology assimilation. We empirically test our model on a global dataset of 535 supply chain executives and decision makers. The results suggest that assimilation is frequently initiated by an external stakeholder in a firm’s supply chain and that firms must develop strong collaborative ties with their partners in order to take full advantage of this technology.
Improving student relatedness through an online discussion intervention

Students' feelings of relatedness (i.e., feeling connected to others) are crucial for success in any learning environment; however, online courses often limit relatedness development, either by removing spontaneous interaction (e.g., asynchronous delivery) or by introducing seemingly incompatible online and on-campus factions (e.g., synchronous hybrid delivery). It was hypothesized that the strengths of one delivery mode could offset the weaknesses of the other. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate an online discussion board intervention designed to scaffold relatedness development. Deci and Ryans (1985) self-determination theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Participants were 83 graduate students enrolled in synchronous hybrid Masters of Business Administration (MBA), Masters of Public Administration (MPA), and Masters of Aviation (MS-Avit) programs offered at a large midwestern research university. This study used a convergent parallel mixed methods approach (QUAN+qual=triangulation). The methods involved a pretest-posttest experimental design in which students were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, wherein they participated in the intervention, or the control group, wherein they attended classes without any auxiliary interactions. The results indicated that students who participated in the intervention improved their self-efficacy for developing relatedness with individuals who attended online. The qualitative analysis generated three key themes: relatedness beliefs, program delivery, and student-interface interaction. This study holds practical implications for online learning in that it explicated how a threaded discussion can be used to scaffold relatedness development. The theoretical implications of this study involved the substantiation of three key elements of SDT: the basic needs, the types of motivation, and the importance of contextual support. This mixed method study tested self-determination theory of motivation in hybrid programs.Asynchronous online discussion board intervention given to synchronous hybrid students.Students in experimental group improved their self-efficacy for developing relatedness.No difference in relatedness scores between online and on-campus students after intervention.Qual themes: student relatedness beliefs, program delivery, and student-interface interaction.
A meditation on life, death, and meaning

We live in a wounded world. Some wounds are personal, intimately entwined with one's very being. Others are not personal, but communal, in an expansive sense of the word. Part of living a human lif...