cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum with complete response to imiquimod and photodynamic therapy.

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial neoplasm with an extremely variable clinical course. The objective of this study was to determine if combination imiquimod and photodynamic therapy could induce remission of EMPD. A 69-year-old man with EMPD was treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream at night for 5 days per week for 1 month, followed by 2 months of 5% imiquimod for three nights a week. For the following 6 months, monthly 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy was added. After 6 months, imiquimod was discontinued and the patient continued to be treated with quarterly photodynamic therapy. Treatment resulted in significant improvement in the appearance of the lesion, and pathology revealed no evidence of residual disease. The patient has had no clinical signs of disease for >5 years. We conclude that topical imiquimod 5% cream and photodynamic therapy may aid in the treatment of some patients with EMPD.
Effects of an early childhood educator coaching intervention on preschoolers: The role of classroom age composition

Abstract Heterogeneity in treatment effects of MyTeachingPartner (MTP), a professional development coaching intervention focused on improving teacher–student interactions, was examined for 1407 4-year-old preschoolers who were enrolled in classrooms that served children between the ages of 3 and 5. On average, there were no consistent impacts of MTP coaching on children’s school performance, but there was evidence of moderation in treatment effects as a function of classroom age diversity, defined as the proportion of children who were not 4 years of age. MTP coaching improved children’s expressive vocabulary, literacy skills, and inhibitory control in classrooms that served primarily 4-year-olds and were less age diverse. These effects were in large part due to MTP causing improvements in teachers’ instructional support that in turn was more predictive of children’s skills in less age-diverse classrooms. Results also indicated that the nature of age diversity did not matter; a greater number of 3- or 5-year-old classmates equally reduced the benefits of the MTP intervention for 4-year-olds. The sole exception occurred for receptive vocabulary, in which case, MTP was most effective in classrooms with a larger number of older (but not younger) children. Taken together, these results suggest that under the right circumstances, the benefits of professional development that improve early childhood educators’ teaching practices can also translate into benefits for students.
Reactivity of (NNN)-pincer nickel(II) aryl complex towards oxidative carbon-heteroatom bond formation

Abstract The reactivity of an (NNN)-Ni(II) aryl complex towards C–X bond formation upon exposure to a panel of one- and two-electron oxidants is reported. High selectivity for C(sp2)–N bond formation is observed in all cases, except under conditions when C–C bond formation is accessible. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicate access to either a Ni(III) or Ni(IV) intermediate dependent on oxidant used and that C–N bond formation is more efficient via Ni(IV) pathway due to geometry of reactive species.
Annual Absorption of Gaseous Air Pollutants by Mosses and Vascular Plants in Diverse Habitats

Mosses are used as bioindicators of air pollution stress for plant communities because field studies of moss distribution around SO2 sources show that they are more sensitive to gaseous pollution than vascular plants. Differences between moss and vascular plant sensitivity to SO2 is thought to reflect greater SO2 absorption by mosses; however, direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited.
Community-based Strategies for Recruiting Older, African Americans Into a Behavioral Intervention Study

Purpose To describe community-based strategies that were effective in recruiting older African Americans into a behavioral intervention study designed to increase eye examination behavior. Methods Sites were identified that targeted older African-Americans, including senior centers, senior housing, and church groups. We conducted presentations at these sites, networked with community organizations, placed ads on the radio and in newspapers, and attended health fairs. Potential participants also called us in response to flyers and through word of mouth. Results We conducted 147 activities at 118 sites. A total of 688 potential participants were screened, with 330 (48%) enrolling, 33% ineligible, and 19% not interested. Highest enrollment rates were for word of mouth (69%), flyers (67%), and senior centers (66%). Barriers to participation included hesitancy of seniors to leave their apartments to attend presentations and competing health issues taking precedence over eye concerns. Conclusions A multifaceted recruitment approach incorporating both direct and indirect activities at a variety of sites should be used to recruit older African Americans into a behavioral intervention study. Establishing relationships in the community, both prior to initiating recruitment activities and as an ongoing process, was important to the study's success.
Thinking Towards a Tangible and Engaging Health Data Representation

The work presented here describes a thought process towards developing a tangible and engaging health data representation that could be used in a community setting to bring “health home”. The concept was developed for the second workshop of the ICA working group on Arts and Cartography and involves the placement of differently sized prescription bottles, representing heart-related illnesses for the Island of Montreal, on a 20x20 inch canvas. The underlying simplistic cartographic design and the three-dimensional nature of the representation have the goal to supplement public health communication, to educate the public, to facilitate a dialogue, and to support informed decision-making. As participatory mapping project this approach could support local health benefit efforts and lead to personal transformation.
Structural Relationships, Interconversion, and Optical Properties of the Uranyl Iodates, UO2(IO3)2 and UO2(IO3)2(H2O): A Comparison of Reactions under Mild and Supercritical Conditions

The uranyl iodates, UO2(IO3)2 (AU1−8) and UO2(IO3)2(H2O) (AU2−8) have been prepared from the reaction of UO3 with I2O5 under hydrothermal conditions. Equilibrium between AU1−8 and AU2−8 is established after 3 days at 400 °C, resulting in the isolation of an equimolar ratio of these compounds. Lowering of the reaction temperature to 180 °C or shortening of the reaction duration to 1 day allows for the isolation of AU2−8 in pure form. At 327 °C, AU2−8 undergoes dehydration and structural rearrangement to AU1−8, which is a reversible process. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, bond valence sum calculations, EDX, DSC, TGA, and vibrational and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to characterize these compounds. Crystallographic data are as follows: AU1−8, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 4.2454(8) A, b = 16.636(5) A, c = 5.284(1) A, β = 107.57(2)°, and Z = 2; AU2−8, orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, a = 8.452(2) A, b = 7.707(2) A, c = 12.271(3), and Z = 4. The structure of AU1−8 is pseudo-three-dimensiona...
Anatomical consideration of the cardiac plexus to prevent grave bradycardiac arrhythmias associated with lung cancer surgery: a case report

Arrhythmias are known as one of the complications of lung cancer surgery, and most of them are not lethal. Life-threatening arrhythmias have been reported in the literature but in reality very rare. A 67-year-old Japanese man with a history of hypertension was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in left lower lobe underwent a left lower lobectomy and bilateral mediastinal lymph node dissection through a median sternotomy. During lymph node dissection along the right vagus nerve, the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure dropped suddenly and an electrocardiogram monitor showed ST elevation. These abnormalities returned to normal soon after cardiac massage was performed and a coronary vasodilator was given. A temporary pacing wire was inserted at the end of the surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 11 without a need for permanent pacemaker. We present a patient who was complicated with lethal arrhythmias during lung cancer surgery for the purpose of elucidating, from anatomical viewpoint, the relationship between arrhythmias and the involvement of cardiac plexus during lymph node dissection. The result showed that arrhythmia was inadvertently elicited by cardiac plexus stimulation during lymph nodes dissection around the vagus nerve. It is important to be familiar not only with the course of phrenic, vagus, and recurrent laryngeal nerve but also the anatomy of cardiac plexus to prevent arrhythmic complications in lung cancer surgery.
The Poor and Their Relief in the Mishnah: An Economic Analysis

The Mishnah, it has long been argued, assumes an economy in “stasis”; the economy is eternal and never-changing. If this is indeed the case, then the Mishnah should neither acknowledge nor promote economic mobility, even among the poor. This paper, which views the Mishnaic portrayals of the poor and of poor-relief through from an economic perspective, largely confirms this conclusion. The Mishnah, I argue, acknowledges a binary class system, “the poor” and everyone else, and sets the poverty line quite high by modern standards and it is assumed that only the situationally poor (i.e., the formerly rich) will move between classes. While, following the Torah, the Mishnah prescribes relief for the poor, it minimizes the amount necessary to be left for the poor as well as changing the mechanism of poor relief in a way that reinforces social hierarchy.
New Private Law? Intellectual Property 'Common-Law Precedents' in China

China has established a dynamic legal system by using guiding cases to improve adjudicative consistency. The guiding cases are de facto binding as “common-law precedents” and the only binding cases in China. The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) selects, compiles, and publishes guiding cases. In China’s dynamic legal system, the U.S. notably influences the intellectual property (IP) legal mechanism and the legal rationales for adjudicating IP disputes. Some amendments to the IP statutes of China are in response to actions and criticisms by developed countries, especially the U.S. The IP guiding cases reflect the voluntary development of the IP regime and the enforcement of the IP statutes in China. In the U.S., IP laws are mainly considered as private law, but they do involve some public law characteristics, as shown by the intervention of legislators and the development of statutory interpretation by the courts. These public law characteristics do not transform IP laws into public law, but they evoke the concept of New Private Law in modern IP laws. This study reviews all twenty-two IP guiding cases (i.e., patent, copyright, trademark, anti-unfair competition, anti-monopoly) in China and compares them with corresponding judicial precedents in the U.S. I argue that Chinese IP guiding cases are not conventional private or public law, but instead can be explained under the theories of New Private Law. The IP guiding cases follow public policies to be part of governance and, as a result, show their influence on policymakers and legislators. Consistent with the concerns of U.S. IP holders, these guiding cases show that Chinese courts are instructed to be conservative in awarding both damages and injunctions. The courts function as a gatekeeper and consider IP quality to prevent over-rewarding IP holders either through the judicial system itself or the market when government agencies liberally or incautiously granted the IP rights. For trademark and unfair competition cases, the courts are instructed to give public apologies for substituting economic damages to IP holders. Moreover, the IP guiding cases suggest that the SPC and Chinese judges are inclined towards a utilitarian and realistic/pragmatic judicial philosophy rather than a formalistic approach in their statutory interpretation.
Evaluation of occupancy-based temperature controls on energy performance of KSA residential buildings

Abstract The paper describes the potential energy efficiency and demand response benefits of occupancy-based temperature controls applicable to residential buildings for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Specifically, various spatial and temporal temperature controls are evaluated to account for spatial and temporal occupancy patterns associated to typical living styles of Saudi households. The analysis results show that the benefits of occupancy-based temperature settings can be significant when at least two thermal zones controlled by different thermostats exist within the same housing unit. Specifically, occupancy-based thermostat settings can save up to 38.7% of total annual electricity consumption for a dwelling located in Riyadh. Moreover, when the indoor temperature settings are adjusted spatially, a reduction of up to 34.7% in peak demand can result for most KSA regions. Using a bottom-up analysis approach, it is found that when scaling up to the entire KSA housing stock, the adoption of smart thermostats has the potential to reduce annual electricity use by 48 TWh/year or over 30% of the national residential sector energy consumption.
Integration of a proactive, multidisciplinary mental health team on hospital medicine improves provider and nursing satisfaction.

Abstract Objective Psychiatric comorbidity among hospital medicine patients is common and often complicates care delivery and compromises outcomes. Team-based, proactive consultation–liaison (CL) psychiatry has been shown to reduce hospital length of stay (LOS) and care costs, but staff satisfaction with this model has not been explored in detail. Here we evaluate its impact on hospital medicine provider and nurse satisfaction. Methods We implemented a team-based proactive CL service that reviews all admitted hospital medicine patients across 3 units for psychiatric comorbidity and provides unit-wide integrated mental health care. Hospital medicine staff completed surveys before and after a 6-month pilot phase: 10-item provider surveys covered resource adequacy, safety, time for healthcare improvements, and burnout; 26-item nurse surveys included the same 10 items plus 8 on behavioral health assessment competency and 8 on intervention competency. Additionally, we characterized psychiatric comorbidity, calculated consultation latency and volume and also average LOS during these 6 months. Results The provider response rate was 57% (20/35 before; 21/37 after) and roughly a third for nurses (32/~90 and 31/~90, respectively). Providers rated 9 of 10 items as improved, including one on burnout. Nursing satisfaction improved similarly but with lower effect sizes. During the pilot (n = 1590), 71% had chart-identified psychiatric comorbidity. Consultation latency decreased by 0.86 days; consultation rate increased nearly 3-fold; and average LOS decreased by 0.33 days. Conclusions Team-based proactive CL psychiatry enhances provider and nurse satisfaction and may even reduce provider burnout. We also confirmed that this model is associated with reduced average LOS.
Letter: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Functional Neurosurgery Patients With Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation Pulse Generators During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author(s): Gross, Robert E; Buetefisch, Cathrin M; Miocinovic, Svjetlana; Bullinger, Katie L; Okun, Michael S; Ostrem, Jill L; Foote, Kelly D; Starr, Phillip A
Severe rhabdomyolysis following an uncomplicated endoscopic procedure: a case report

Rhabdomyolysis in adults after anesthetic administration is uncommon in those without underlying risk factors. We present a 34-year-old female with history of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hypothyroidism, and migraines who developed severe rhabdomyolysis following an uncomplicated general anesthetic for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and placement of Bravo esophageal pH monitor.
Role of Replication Research in Biostatistics Graduate Education

Replication and reproducibility are an important component of scientific research. One reason research is not replicable is the misuse of statistical techniques. Educators can teach the importance ...
Statuta v. Acts: Interpretation, Music, and Early English Legislation

senses such as sight. We see from afar, but we only experience hardness by direct contact, the felt and brute reality of a resisting object.77 A "hard" law, therefore, is a law whose injustice is actually felt and not merely observed. The awareness of the legal system as something embedded in and touching the whole community thus continued to grow. Indeed, to speak of the "gaze" of the law is no longer entirely adequate. "Gaze" is a dispassionate, visual word; here, the legal system is starting not only to see a broader role for itself, but to feel it, too. Second, the hardness of the present law having been established, the chapters of the second Statute of Westminster propose solutions and improvements with a consistent declaration that this is to be the law "from henceforth" (de cetero in Latin). 8 In contrast to those statutes of Henry III which studiously preserved the law as it had been in his grandfather's day, such an approach is future-oriented and corrective. To elicit conformity to the changes that are made, however, this legislation relies neither on the Crown's coercive power nor on the validity attaching to the formal procedures for the statute's enactment. Instead, a reason is given to accept the new law-namely, that the previous law was "very hard." Indeed, the structure of these chapters is that of an argument--current law, criticism, solution-and not a declaration. The 76. 13 Edw. I, Stat. 1, cbs. 1, 3, 9 (1285) (Eng.) (original in Latin). Similarly but less judgmentally, several provisions simply present the law "hitherto": "hitherto it bath been used in the Realm," "by the law and custom of the Realm hitherto," etc. Il at chs. 5, 6; see also id. at chs. 9, 14. For another example, see Quia Emptores, 18 Edw. I (1290) (Eng.). 77. See Howes, supra note 12. C.S. Peirce's understanding of "thirdness," within the tripartite division of his semiotics, possesses something of the same physical undeniability. 78. Statute of Westminster, the 2nd, 13 Edw. I, Stat. 1, as in chs. 7, 10, 18, 19, 23 (thrice), 24, 26, 28-30, 40, 45-47 (1285) (Eng.). 30 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, Vol. 7 [1995], Iss. 2, Art. 3 http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol7/iss2/3
Caregiving for Parents Who Harmed You: A Conceptual Review

Objectives: This paper aims to provide a conceptual review of prior research on the effect of a history of parental childhood maltreatment on the experiences and outcomes of adult-child caregivers who provide care to their perpetrating parents.Methods: We performed a search using several databases including PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Academic Search Premier (EBSCO) for relevant papers and reviewed reference sections of selected papers.Results: Histories of childhood maltreatment are associated with adverse psychological health in adult-child caregivers and reduced frequencies of providing support to their parents. The potential factors affecting the experiences and outcomes of such caregivers include contemporaneous relationships with perpetrating parents; caregivers' sense of choice about providing care; opportunities for posttraumatic growth; and participating in care through the end of life.Conclusions: Caregiving for perpetrating parents can be particularly challenging due to complex, intersecting factors; thus, healthcare practitioners' increased awareness of and knowledge about such caregivers are crucial to provide effective support.Clinical Implications: We highlighted the importance of ensuring caregivers' sense of choice and assessing their posttraumatic growth. In caregiving at the end of life, we noted the importance of using a trauma-informed approach when interacting with caregivers and their family members during illness and bereavement.
Torsion and curvature in continuously defective solid crystals

I show how one can utilize the concept of a canonical connection on a homogeneous space to describe defectiveness of a continuous elastic crystal solid.
DAPI staining and DNA content estimation of nuclei in uncultivable microbial eukaryotes (Arcellinida and Ciliates).

Though representing a major component of eukaryotic biodiversity, many microbial eukaryotes remain poorly studied, including the focus of the present work, testate amoebae of the order Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) and non-model lineages of ciliates (Alveolata). In particular, knowledge of genome structures and changes in genome content over the often-complex life cycles of these lineages remains enigmatic. However, the limited available knowledge suggests that microbial eukaryotes have the potential to challenge our textbook views on eukaryotic genomes and genome evolution. In this study, we developed protocols for DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining of Arcellinida nuclei and adapted protocols for ciliates. In addition, image analysis software was used to estimate the DNA content in the nuclei of Arcellinida and ciliates, and the measurements of target organisms were compared to those of well-known model organisms.The results demonstrate that the methods we have developed for nuclear staining in these lineages are effective and can be applied to other microbial eukaryotic groups by adjusting certain stages in the protocols.
Does Monitoring Lead to a ‘Warm’ Start in Online Platforms?

Many online labor platforms nowadays employ reputation systems and monitoring systems to mitigate moral hazard. While reputation systems have the potential to reduce moral hazard, they suffer from the cold-start problem, that is, new entrants with no reputation face a high entry barrier. Unlike reputation systems that provide information on workers’ prior performance, monitoring systems operate by providing employers with direct observation of workers’ actions. Given monitoring systems can reduce information asymmetry by tracking workers’ hours and effort levels, employers face a lower moral hazard risk with new entrants. Therefore, monitoring systems can potentially alleviate the cold-start problem. In this paper, based on a unique dataset from Freelancer.com, we empirically investigate the effect of monitoring systems on the entry barrier by looking at both employers’ hiring preferences and workers’ entry behaviors. We leverage the differential availability of the monitoring system across two project types (i.e., it is only available for time-based projects but not for fixed-price ones) to implement a difference-in-differences (DID) estimation. Based on a sample including 1,635 fixed-price projects and 1,023 time-based projects matched on a comprehensive list of observable characteristics, we provide evidence that employers’ preference for experienced workers decreases after the introduction of the monitoring system. Consistently, we find that the introduction of the monitoring system increases the number of bids on time-based projects by 22.4% and the incremental bids come primarily from new entrants with no reputation (i.e., inexperienced workers) on the platform. Our additional analyses reveal that the monitoring system lowers the hiring price of labor and improves the on-time delivery performance of projects. Our results suggest that monitoring systems alleviate the cold-start problem on online platforms.
Bee-Library of the Late Rev. L. L. Langstroth

(1972). Bee-Library of the Late Rev. L. L. Langstroth. Bee World: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 22-27.
Pediatric Care for the Children of your Friends

In the article of Drs. Carey and Sibinga (Pediatrics, 42:106, 1968) comment is made on the second page that psychiatric literature in general offers little pertinent material about their topic. This, in a way, is true since it has become part-and-parcel of the accepted credo of psychiatric practice that one does not get involved with one9s family or friends. Such an idea relates to much earlier work in the field of psychiatry when the concept of the importance of the transference and the emotional involvement with one9s patient became clear.
Music notation: a new method for visualizing social interaction in animals and humans

Background Researchers have developed a variety of techniques for the visual presentation of quantitative data. These techniques can help to reveal trends and regularities that would be difficult to see if the data were left in raw form. Such techniques can be of great help in exploratory data analysis, making apparent the organization of data sets, developing new hypotheses, and in selecting effects to be tested by statistical analysis. Researchers studying social interaction in groups of animals and humans, however, have few tools to present their raw data visually, and it can be especially difficult to perceive patterns in these data. In this paper I introduce a new graphical method for the visual display of interaction records in human and animal groups, and I illustrate this method using data taken on chickens forming dominance hierarchies.
Orientation-dependent Casimir force arising from highly anisotropic crystals: Application to Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca Cu 2 O 8 + δ

We calculate the Casimir interaction between parallel planar crystals of Au and the anisotropic cuprate superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (BSCCO), with BSCCO's optical axis either parallel or perpendicular to the crystal surface, using suitable generalizations of the Lifshitz theory. We find that the strong anisotropy of the BSCCO permittivity gives rise to a difference in the Casimir force between the two orientations of the optical axis, which depends on distance and is of order 10\char21{}20 % at the experimentally accessible separations $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}5000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.
Genotype and Phenotype

The distinction between genotype and phenotype is teh distinction between the state of genes of an organism (genotype) and the developmental manifestation of those genes in the physiology, morphology and behavior of the organism (phenotype). The phenotype is a consequence of a unique interaction between the genes of the organism and the sequence of environments in which the organism's development takes place. In addition, random events at the level of cell metabolism and cell division cause differences in phenotype between organisms that are identical genetically and have undergone the same developmental environments.
An EM-based OFDM receiver for time-variant channels

OFDM modulation combines the advantages of high achievable rates and relatively easy implementation. However, for proper recovery of the input, the receiver needs accurate channel information. In this paper, we propose an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for joint channel and data recovery. The algorithm makes use of the rich structure of the underlying communication problem - a structure induced by the data and channel constraints. These constraints include pilots, the cyclic prefix (CP), and the finite alphabet constraints on the data, and sparsity, finite delay spread, and the statistical properties of the channel (time and frequency correlation). Channel identification and equalization is performed optimally and recovery is achieved within the same OFDM symbol using an EM based Kalman filter.
Myosin VI has a One Track Mind Versus Myosin Va When Moving on Actin Bundles or at an Intersection

Myosin VI (myoVI) and myosin Va (myoVa) serve roles both as intracellular cargo transporters and tethers/anchors. In both capacities, these motors bind to and processively travel along the actin cytoskeleton, a network of intersecting actin filaments and bundles that present directional challenges to these motors. Are myoVI and myoVa inherently different in their abilities to interact and maneuver through the complexities of the actin cytoskeleton? Thus, we created an in vitro model system of intersecting actin filaments and individual unipolar (fascin-actin) or mixed polarity (α-actinin-actin) bundles. The stepping dynamics of individual Qdot-labeled myoVI and myoVa motors were determined on these actin tracks. Interestingly, myoVI prefers to stay on the actin filament it is traveling on, while myoVa switches filaments with higher probability at an intersection or between filaments in a bundle. The structural basis for this maneuverability difference was assessed by expressing a myoVI chimera in which the single myoVI IQ was replaced with the longer, six IQ myoVa lever. The mutant behaved more like myoVI at actin intersections and on bundles, suggesting that a structural element other than the lever arm dictates myoVI's preference to stay on track, which may be critical to its role as an intracellular anchor.
Why the 16th Century Spanish Conquistadors likely did not descend into Grand Canyon near Desert View: A new perspective

There is probably no more historically significant or culturally pivotal event in the history of the south-western USA than the ambitious expedition of Francisco Vazquez de Coronado. Although the exploits of Coronado’s army have been examined for hundreds of years, new information has emerged from on-going studies of surviving documents and field work. This paper presents a new hypothesis and supportive evidence which suggest that a dispatch of Coronado’s men (led by Don Garcia Lopez de Cardenas) with the goal of discovering the Colorado River, likely did not descend off the south rim of Grand Canyon near the present day Desert View area in eastern Grand Canyon, as proposed by Bartlett in 1940. Surviving documents indicate that the Cardenas Expedition traveled 20 days and 130 miles before attempting a descent into the canyon; only three or four days of travel are needed to arrive at the Desert View area from the Hopi Village of Awat’ovi (the starting location of the Cardenas expedition). In this paper, topographic, anthropologic and historic evidence along with new distance calculations are presented which suggest that the 16th Century Spanish descent into Grand Canyon did not occur near the present day Desert View area, but likely occurred at least 35 to 40 (linear) miles west of this area near the present day South Bass Trail. Ramifications of the proposed hypothesis include: (1) focusing the search for Spanish artefacts and surviving evidence at a new location in western Grand Canyon; and, (2) rectifying the historical record.
Automated tracking and classification of infrared images

The problem of automatic target recognition (ATR) and image classification has been active research fields in image processing and neural networks. In this paper, we explore novel ATR techniques such as object pre-processing, tracking and classification for sequence of infrared (IR) targets. We attempt to track the IR objects automatically without the prior knowledge of the object. We enhance our algorithm to track multiple objects in image frames based on the knowledge of the histogram of the targets. We also propose algorithms for for classification of IR targets. We perform image segmentation and extract intensity and edge features of the object. Finally, we exploit these different types of features such as statistical (based on intensity) and shape (based on edge information) of the object for classification using a self-organizing map (SOM) classifier.
Lipids of Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer

The lipids of Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer mycelia and sporangiospores were extracted, isolated, and separated by thin-layer, liquid, and gas chromatography. Structural confirmations of the compounds were made by a gas chromatographmass spectrometer combination. The n-heptane fraction contained squalene (1%) as a major hydrocarbon constituent. Other major lipid classes detected were free fatty acids, naturally occurring methyl esters of fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, and polar lipids. The polar lipids (44.4%) were found in the highest concentrations, and the triglycerides (22.1%), sterols (16.7%), and free fatty acids (11.7%) were present in lesser concentrations. This is the first report of naturally occuring methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids being present in fungal mycelium. There appears to be a preference for incorporation of unsaturated acids into the complex lipids, with the exception of the triglycerides. The major saturated fatty acids in the mycelium were palmitic (C(16)) and arachidic (C(20)), whereas the major unsaturated acids were oleic (C(18:1)) and linoleic (C(18:2)), respectively.
Optimal control of molecular fragmentation with homologous families of photonic reagents and chemical substrates

This work investigates laser optimally controlled fragmentation in a series of chemically related halomethane compounds in order to determine the extent to which regular trends in objective yields are observed upon variation of both the laser pulse shape and the chemical substrate. Three control objectives defined by ratios of fragment ions were considered, where families of shaped pulses were found that produced optimal objective yields. For the objective defined by the ratio of a halogen ion to a methyl halide ion, a systematic correlation between the optimal objective yield and chemical composition was revealed. Furthermore, some of the optimal shaped pulses were found to successfully control the same objective in closely related molecular substrates. These results provide a basis to expect systematic chemical responses from optimally shaped laser pulses acting as “photonic reagents” in analogy with the action of traditional chemical reagents.
Transmission Line Model Analysis of Rectangular Patch Antennas

ABSTRACT The transmission line model has been utilized to determine the input performance of a rectangular patch antenna excited by a coaxial probe. Approximate expressions have been developed for the resonant propagation constant (or the resonant frequency), quality factor and input resistance of such antennas which clearly indicate the effects of the various antenna parameters including the feed on these quantities under dynamic conditions. The results of computations based on the expressions developed are compared with available measured values. The present work establishes the transmisson line model as a valid representation of rectangular patch antennas, and would facilitate the design of such antennas without elaborate numerical computation. The model has also been applied to determine the resonant parameters for a similar antenna tuned by passive metallic posts. Validity of an approximate expression derived for the resonant frequencies of such tunable antennas has also been established by compariso...
Improved acquisition of left-right response differentiation in the rat following section of the corpus callosum.

Split-brained rats learned a left-right response differentiation in a water maze significantly faster than rats with sham surgery. It is unlikely that this superiority resulted from improvement in performance variables since callosotomized rats did not differ significantly from sham operates in speed of acquisition of a brightness discrimination in the same apparatus. Additionally, callosotomy likewise had no effect on the acquisition of a water-maze task requiring consistent unilateral responses. The superiority of the callosotomized animals in forming the left-right response differentiation supports a hypothesis implicating the forebrain commissure in left-right confusion.
Abstract 4271: Sulforaphane, a Dietary Component of Broccoli/Broccoli Sprouts, Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Sulforaphane, a Dietary Component of Broccoli/Broccoli Sprouts, Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in breast cancer has profound implications for cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sulforaphane, a naturally occurring dietary compound from broccoli/broccoli sprouts, for its efficacy to inhibit breast CSCs as well as to elucidate the potential mechanisms of its effect. Aldefluor and mammosphere formation assays were used to assess the effect of sulforaphane on breast CSCs in vitro. A NOD/SCID xenograft model was employed to determine the efficacy of sulforaphane in targeting breast CSCs in vivo. The potential mechanism of sulforaphane was investigated utilizing Western blotting and β-catenin reporter assays. The results showed that sulforaphane (1∼5 µM) decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive cell population by 65%∼80% in human breast cancer cell line (P < 0.01), and reduced the size and number of primary mammospheres by 8∼125-fold and 50%∼75% (P < 0.01), respectively. Daily injection with 50 mg/kg sulforaphane for two weeks reduced ALDH-positive cells by more than 50% in tumors (P = 0.003). Furthermore, sulforaphane eliminated breast CSCs in vivo, thereby abrogating tumor re-growth in secondary mice (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that sulforaphane down-regulated the Wnt/β-catenin self-renewal pathway. These data suggest that sulforaphane targets breast CSCs through the down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a potential mechanism. These findings provide a scientific rationale for use of sulforaphane and potentially broccoli/broccoli sprout dietary interventions for breast cancer chemoprevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4271.
Caregiver-Centered Care

Last fall, 52 years after her college graduation, my mother moved back in with her college roommates. Their Boston apartment building is 10 minutes from where she raised her three children and 20 minutes from her freshman dorm room. Almost 20 years earlier, my parents had sold the home I grew up in and moved for my father’s job. This time, the move was for my mother and her job: caregiver to a husband with Alzheimer disease.
Thermomechanics of rubber at small strains

Abstract A reduced variable, linear thermoelastic constitutive equation for rubber at small strains is obtained from classical linear thermoelasticity and empirical observations about the stress-temperature behaviour of real elastomers at fixed strain. In contrast to the statistical theory of rubber elasticity, volume changes are recognized explicitly in the three constant equation of state. This formulation leads to self-consistent, quantitative predictions of the thermoelastic inversion and internal energy changes with deformation which support the basic tenets of the statistical theory.
The Structure of Black and White Attitudes toward Police

Richard Scaglion is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh and is currently Director of the Law Reform Commission of Papua New Guinea. Richard G. Condon is a doctoral candidate in anthropology, University of Pittsburgh. Scaglion gathered the data for this paper when he was Research Director for the Police-Community Relations Project in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We are grateful to the Project Administration Committee and project staff and to the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police and the volunteer interviewers. The Social Science Computer Research Institute provided keypunching services, and the Computer Center of the University of Pittsburgh provided computer time. We also thank Michael J. Lowy, Ian Rawson, John M. Roberts, Allen Tan, and Gary Chick for useful comments and suggestions at various stages of this project.
Aggregation of PMe3-stabilized molybdenum sulfides and the catalytic dehydrogenation of H2S.

The reactivity of [MoS4]2- (1) toward PMe3 was explored in the presence and absence of proton donors. Whereas MeCN solutions of (Et4N)2[MoS4] and PMe3 are stable, in the presence of H2S such solutions catalyze formation of H2 and SPMe3. Addition of NH4+ to such solutions afforded MoS2(PMe3)4 (2), which can be prepared directly from (NH4)2[1]. Compound 2 is reactive toward thiols via a process proposed to involve the initial dissociation of one PMe3 ligand, a hypothesis supported by the relative inertness of trans-MoS2(dmpe)2. Benzene solutions of 2 react with EtSH to give Mo2(μ-S)(μ-SH)(PMe3)4(SEt)3 (3Et). Analogous reactions with thiocresol (MeC6H4SH) and H2S gave Mo2(μ-S)(μ-SH)(PMe3)4(SR)3 (R = tol, H). Crystallographic analyses of 3Et, 3H, and 3tol indicate dinuclear species with seven terminal ligands and a Mo2(μ-SR)(μ-S) core (rMo-Mo = 2.748(1) A). From reaction mixtures leading to 3Et from 2, we obtained the intermediate MoIV2(μ-S)2(SEt)4(PMe3)2 (4), an edge-shared bis(trigonal pyramidal) structure....
An effective training to increase accurate recognition of patient emotion cues.

Abstract Objective For healthcare providers, accurate perception of patients, particularly accurate recognition of patient emotions, is an ability associated with better patient care and more satisfied patients. Despite the importance of accurately recognizing patient cues for provider-patient communication, research on clinically relevant training programs is limited. The effectiveness of a multi-component training program designed to enhance emotion cue recognition ability was experimentally assessed. Methods The comprehensive training included raising awareness about the importance of emotion cues in healthcare interactions, providing instruction on increasing emotion cue recognition accuracy, and practicing emotion recognition while receiving feedback. Undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to one of five training conditions or an untrained control condition to experimentally test the efficacy of the comprehensive training and each training component. Results Participants were significantly more accurate on a standardized test of patient emotion cue recognition in the comprehensive condition, as compared to those participants in the control condition, with Practice with Feedback emerging as the most effective component. Conclusions Results suggest that a 30-min emotion recognition training intervention can significantly improve emotion recognition accuracy. Practice implications The results can be used to guide development and implementation of future research and programs aimed at increasing providers’ emotion recognition.
Simulating the core‐mantle boundary: An experimental study of high‐pressure reactions between silicates and liquid iron

Experiments with the laser-heated diamond cell show that (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite reacts chemically with liquid iron at pressures greater than 70 GPa and temperatures above 3700 K. X-ray diffraction analyses of quenched samples demonstrate that the reaction products include SiO2 stishovite and iron alloys (Fe,Mg)xO and FexSiy, at the interface between the Fe and silicate. Our results suggest that similar chemical reactions occur at the Earth's core-mantle boundary, forming chemical heterogeneities composed of silicate-rich and iron alloy-rich regions in the D′ layer. This scenario is consistent with seismological observations.
Blocking the Interaction between Apolipoprotein E and Aβ Reduces Intraneuronal Accumulation of Aβ and Inhibits Synaptic Degeneration

Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is a key event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein (Apo) E is a lipid carrier protein secreted by astrocytes, which shows inherent affinity for Aβ and has been implicated in the receptor-mediated Aβ uptake by neurons. To characterize ApoE involvement in the intraneuronal Aβ accumulation and to investigate whether blocking the ApoE/Aβ interaction could reduce intraneuronal Aβ buildup, we used a noncontact neuronal-astrocytic co-culture system, where synthetic Aβ peptides were added into the media without or with cotreatment with Aβ12-28P, which is a nontoxic peptide antagonist of ApoE/Aβ binding. Compared with neurons cultured alone, intraneuronal Aβ content was significantly increased in neurons co-cultured with wild-type but not with ApoE knockout (KO) astrocytes. Neurons co-cultured with astrocytes also showed impaired intraneuronal degradation of Aβ, increased level of intraneuronal Aβ oligomers, and marked down-regulation of several synaptic proteins. Aβ12-28P treatment significantly reduced intraneuronal Aβ accumulation, including Aβ oligomer level, and inhibited loss of synaptic proteins. Furthermore, we showed significantly reduced intraneuronal Aβ accumulation in APPSW/PS1dE9/ApoE KO mice compared with APPSW/PS1dE9/ApoE targeted replacement mice that expressed various human ApoE isoforms. Data from our co-culture and in vivo experiments indicate an essential role of ApoE in the mechanism of intraneuronal Aβ accumulation and provide evidence that ApoE/Aβ binding antagonists can effectively prevent this process.
Visitors: a smouldering issue for burn unit personnel.

Abstract Recent acknowledgement by medical care providers of the psychosocial role in health restoration has brought the issue of patient visiting to the forefront. The intense environment characteristic in critical care areas such as burn units has necessitated a carefully balanced 'compromise' between scientifically sound medical care and psychosocially oriented interventions. This is a current area of attention in the development of policy for burn unit operations. However, the ‘compromise’ seems to have been individually interpreted by professionals. This study investigated visitor policy components involved in shaping the staff-visitor-patient constellation. It also probes the consequences of this shaping process. Surveys were mailed to all 174 American burn units listed in the Directory of Burn Care Facilities (January, 1979). Our completed study reflected data reviewing the following characteristics: demographics (that is, age specification and bed distribution, bed allocation); visitor policy determination; visitor policy specifications (that is, who, when, how many); visitor policy, regulation and enforcement; and visitor integration (that is, rooming-in, programme involvement).
The effect of monovalent cations on the catalytic activity of thrombin.

Abstract The effect of monovalent cations on the catalytic action of thrombin has been examined utilizing a variety of substrates. Sodium chloride noncompetitively inhibited the action of thrombin on α-tosyl- l -arginine methyl ester and α-N-benzoyl- l -arginine-p-nitroanilide. No inhibition was noted when α-N-benzoyl- l -arginine ethyl ester was the substrate. The extent of inhibition was considerably less with either potassium chloride or lithium chloride. The rate of inactivation of thrombin by 1-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino- l -2-heptanone was reduced in the presence of sodium ions. The results are interpreted to show a specific effect of sodium ions on the ability of the active-site histidine residue to participate in thrombic catalysis.