cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural insight into the dual function of LbpB in mediating Neisserial pathogenesis

Abstract Lactoferrin binding protein B (LbpB) is a lipoprotein present on the surface of Neisseria that has been postulated to serve dual functions during pathogenesis in both iron acquisition from lactoferrin, and in providing protection against the cationic antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin. Here, we present the structures of LbpB from N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae in complex with human holo-lactoferrin, forming a 1:1 complex and confirmed by SEC-SAXS. LbpB consists of N- and C-lobes with the N-lobe interacting extensively with the C-lobe of lactoferrin. Our structures provides insight into LbpB’s preference towards holo-lactoferrin, and our mutagenesis and binding studies show that lactoferrin and lactoferricin bind independently. Our studies provide the molecular details for how LbpB serves to capture and preserve lactoferrin in an iron-bound state for delivery to the membrane transporter LbpA for iron piracy, and as an antimicrobial peptide sink to evade host immune defenses.
FUEL TOLERANCE TESTS WITH THE FORD PROCO ENGINE

A variety of fuel tolerance tests were conducted utilizing Ford's PROCO engine, a direct fuel injection stratified charge engine developed for light duty vehicles. These engine tests were run on the dynamometer and in vehicles. Data indicate an 89 RON octane requirement, relatively low sensitivity to volatility characteristics and good fuel economy, emission control and operability on a certain range of petroleum fuel and alcohol mixes including 100% methanol. Fuels such as JP-4 and Diesel fuel are not at present suitable for this engine. There were no engine modifications tested that might improve the match between the engine and a particular fuel. The 100% methanol test was conducted with a modified fuel injection pump. Durability aspects including compatibility of various fuels with the materials in the fuel system were not addressed.
International Human Rights Dimensions of Intimate Violence: Another Strand in the Dialectic of Feminist Lawmaking

It is a deep pleasure to gather to discuss Liz’s great book Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking and a privilege to be part of this great gathering. Liz and I have shared each others paths as feminist lawyers, teachers, scholars and friends for over thirty years. This book is for me a journey into both past and future as well as more deeply into her persistently reflective, illuminating and generative analysis. It is a powerful illustration of the indispensability of activist feminist scholarship and critical feminist activism. Thank you Liz, for the pains you took and the other pleasures you forewent. The documentation of the history of our movement and Liz’ thoughtful reflections on the continuing dialectic and challenges are, indeed, a gift to all of us and to women in many parts of the world who have been struggling to have recognized and to eliminate violence against women. In that process, and unlike most United States activists, many of our sisters abroad have turned to the framework and mechanisms of international human rights to both legitimate and advance their struggles and, in so doing, have contributed to the vision and tools we can be using here. Characteristically, Liz transcends the traditional frames within which we work and recognizes the significance of these developments and the similar impetus they can provide to our own domestic struggle here. My comments today will briefly trace the history and theoretical
Husserl and the promise of time : subjectivity in transcendental phenomenology

Acknowledgements Introduction: the promise of time: subjectivity in Husserl's transcendental phenomenology 1. The ritual of clarification 2. A rehearsal of difficulties 3. The ghosts of Brentano 4. The retention of time past 5. The impossible puzzle 6. The lives of others 7. The life of consciousness Appendix: note on textual sources Bibliography.
A Tutorial on Grassmann-Cayley Algebra

The Grassmann-Cayley algebra is first and foremost a means of translating synthetic projective geometric statements into invariant algebraic statements in the bracket ring, which is the ring of projective invariants.
Industry-university seminars

Speakers from industry present seminars at IEEE Student Branch meetings where technical content is typically directed at the senior. The seminar is advertised in a meeting notice and requires neither preparation nor follow-up by the student. This article reports the use of electronic mail to provide seminars for the sophomore within the circuit analysis course. e-mail communication involves the student in seminar preparation, presentation, and subsequent follow-up after the seminar.
Inactivation of Giardia lamblia Cysts by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Giardia lamblia cysts were found to be resistant to high doses of germicidal ultraviolet radiation.
Resveratrol and Estradiol Exert Disparate Effects on Cell Migration, Cell Surface Actin Structures, and Focal Adhesion Assembly in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Resveratrol, a grape polyphenol, is thought to be a cancer preventive, yet its effects on metastatic breast cancer are relatively unknown. Since cancer cell invasion is dependent on cell migration, the chemotactic response of MDA-MB-231 metastatic human breast cancer cells to resveratrol, estradiol (E2), or epidermal growth factor (EGF) was investigated. Resveratrol decreased while E2 and EGF increased directed cell migration. Resveratrol may inhibit cell migration by altering the cytoskeleton. Resveratrol induced a rapid global array of filopodia and decreased focal adhesions and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity. E2 or EGF treatment did not affect filopodia extension but increased lamellipodia and associated focal adhesions that are integral for cell migration. Combined resveratrol and E2 treatment resulted in a filopodia and focal adhesion response similar to resveratrol alone. Combined resveratrol and EGF resulted in a lamellipodia and focal adhesion response similar to EGF alone. E2 and to a lesser extent resveratrol increased EGFR activity. The cytoskeletal changes and EGFR activity in response to E2 were blocked by EGFR1 inhibitor indicating that E2 may increase cell migration via crosstalk with EGFR signaling. These data suggest a promotional role for E2 in breast cancer cell migration but an antiestrogenic, preventative role for resveratrol.
Accelerated Red Blood Cell Turnover Can Invalidate the Use of Hemoglobin A1c as a Diagnostic Test for Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes

Accelerated Red Blood Cell Turnover Can Invalidate the Use of Hemoglobin A1c as a Diagnostic Test for Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes
The probability of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked salmon and tryptic soy broth as affected by salt, smoke compound, and storage temperature.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to examine and model the probability of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked salmon containing salt and smoke (phenol) compound and stored at various temperatures. A growth probability model was developed, and the model was compared to a model developed from tryptic soy broth (TSB) to assess the possibility of using TSB as a substitute for salmon. A 6-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated into minced cooked salmon and TSB containing 0–10% NaCl and 0–34 ppm phenol to levels of 102–3 cfu/g, and the samples were vacuum-packed and stored at 0-–25 °C for up to 42 days. A total 32 treatments, each with 16 samples, selected by central composite designs were tested. A logistic regression was used to model the probability of growth of L. monocytogenes as a function of concentrations of salt and phenol, and storage temperature. Resulted models showed that the probabilities of growth of L. monocytogenes in both salmon and TSB decreased when the salt and/or phenol concentrations increased, and at lower storage temperatures. In general, the growth probabilities of L. monocytogenes were affected more profoundly by salt and storage temperature than by phenol. The growth probabilities of L. monocytogenes estimated by the TSB model were higher than those by the salmon model at the same salt/phenol concentrations and storage temperatures. The growth probabilities predicted by the salmon and TSB models were comparable at higher storage temperatures, indicating the potential use of TSB as a model system to substitute salmon in studying the growth behavior of L. monocytogenes may only be suitable when the temperatures of interest are in higher storage temperatures (e.g., >12 °C). The model for salmon demonstrated the effects of salt, phenol, and storage temperature and their interactions on the growth probabilities of L. monocytogenes, and may be used to determine the growth probability of L. monocytogenes in smoked seafood.
The fluorescence quenching of 5,6-benzoquinoline and its conjugate acid by Cl−, Br−, SCN− and I− ions

Abstract The fluorescence quenching of the free base and conjugated acid forms of 5,6-benzoquinoline (5,6-BQ) by Cl−, Br−, SCN− and I− in aqueous solution over the temperature range 25–50 °C has been investigated. Stern-Volmer plots were found to be linear for the quenching of free base 5,6-BQ by Cl− and Br− but showed upward curvature for the other quenching systems. The active sphere model was used to analyze the latter systems. As is the case in previous fluorescence quenching studies involving these ions, the rate constants were found to increase with increasing oxidation potential of the quencher. The rate constants for quenching of free base 5,6-BQ by Cl− and Br− showed little variation with temperature, while the other systems showed temperature dependences typical of diffusion-limited processes. The activation energies and frequency factors were found to increase with increasing effectiveness of the quencher. Some preliminary low temperature spectra data indicate that the quenching of these systems results in enhanced triplet-state formation.
A comparison of the repetitive click and conditioning-testing P50 paradigms

The auditory P50 ERP component has previously been studied either in the repetitive click or the conditioning-testing (C-T) paradigm. For 20 subjects, we compared 4 repetitive click and 4 C-T protocols in a single experimental session with identical recording techniques and with interclick intervals comparable to the C-T intervals. In the C-T protocols, a long interval between click pairs ensured full recovery of P50 to the C click. The analysis of P50 topographies provided strong evidence that the same component was measured in the two paradigms. For both paradigms, P50 amplitude was progressively suppressed as the interclick or C-T interval decreased (P < 0.0001), with parallel interval vs. P50 amplitude regression lines for the two paradigms. There was a strong trend (P = 0.08) for the repetitive click amplitudes to be smaller than T amplitudes for comparable repetitive click and C-T intervals. Equivalently, this strong trend suggests that repetitive click intervals must be longer (by about 300 ms) than the C-T interval to generate equivalent amplitude P50 responses. We conclude that the same component is measured in both paradigms, that P50 amplitude decreases with decreasing interstimulus intervals in both paradigms, and that in normals, for comparable inter-click and C-T intervals, there is greater P50 suppression in the repetitive click paradigm. Finally, we note that the comparison of paradigms within normals does not necessarily apply to clinical samples.
A Comparative Assessment of the Chen et al. and Suchey‐Brooks Pubic Aging Methods on a North American Sample, ,

Accurately estimating the age-at-death of adult human skeletons is fundamental in forensic anthropology. This study evaluates the accuracy of two pubic bone age estimation methods-Chen et al. and Suchey-Brooks. Specimens were obtained from a known collection of modern pubic bones curated at the Maricopa County Forensic Science Center in Phoenix, Arizona. A sample of 296 left male pubic bones of European ancestry was statistically evaluated via bias, absolute mean error, and intra- and inter-observer error. Results indicate that the two methods are similar; the Suchey-Brooks method is the most accurate for aging young adults (error c. 7 years), while the Revised Chen et al. method is most accurate for aging middle-age adults (error c. 6 years). Thus, the Chen et al. method is an important contribution to forensic anthropology for aging older adult skeletal remains. There are, however, some limitations such as subjectivity and the intricate scoring system of Chen et al. method.
Transition Pathways of Proteins Explored by Combining Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Monte Carlo Sampling of Collective Modes

The conformational transition of proteins is explored using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation protocol which is guided by the normal modes derived from coarse-grained anisotropic network model (ANM). The methodology applies to the cases where the passage from one substate to another (e.g., the open and closed forms of an enzyme, or outward-facing and inward-facing states of a transporter) within a global energy minimum (native state) involves relatively low energy barriers, based on the assumption that low energy barriers may be surmounted/overlooked by adopting a coarse-grained description of the structure and energetics, which smoothes out the energy landscape. The basic approach is to deform the structure along ANM modes, similar to the adaptive ANM (aANM) procedure adopted in our previous work,(Yang et al., 2009) but with the major improvement that the intermediate structures are selected from the complete pool of all accessible ANM modes of motion using a Monte Carlo/Metrolopis algorithm. Application to two proteins with different functional mechanisms, Escherichia coli adenylate kinase (AK) and dopamine transporter, shows that the transition between the two alternative forms does not necessarily obey the same pathway(s). For example, in the case of AK, the open-to-closed (O->C) and closed-to-open (C->O) transitions of AK proceed via distinct intermediate conformers: the ATP-binding (LID) domain closing (opening) takes place faster than the nucleotide monophosphate-binding (NMP) domain closing (opening) in the O->C (C->O) transition.Yang, Z., Majek, P., and Bahar, I. (2009). Allosteric transitions of supramolecular systems explored by network models: application to chaperonin GroEL. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5, e1000360.
Bronchial hypersensitivity to extract of Candida albicans.

Abstract Eighty-one inpatients, 14 years of age and older, were challenged qualitatively with aerosols of physiological saline, 30 per cent glycerine, extracts of common inhalant allergens, and extracts of Candida albicans (Hollister-Stier) at concentrations up to 10,000 PNU per milliliter delivered through a hand nebulizer. The same patients were tested intradermally and conjunctivally with C. albicans extract. Sputum specimens were obtained from each patient and cultured for the Candida group of organisms. Passive transfer studies for the presence of reagin to C. albicans were made between the effects of inhalation of C. albicans extract and Escherichia coli endotoxin in six patients. Fifteen patients were given control injections and hyposensitization treatment with C. albicans extract and observations were made of bronchial sensitivity by means of either qualitative or quantitative inhalation challenge. The results indicate that C. albicans hypersensitivity is a factor of importance in some patients with severe asthma. The immediate skin response to 1:1,000 extract and reaction of the bronchial tree to other mold extracts were correlated with a positive bronchial reaction to C. albicans extract in the patients studied; the conjunctival test, the delayed skin response to 1:1,000 extract, the bronchial reaction to extract of house dust or pollens, positive sputum cultures, and a history of long-term corticosteroid or antibiotic administration were not so correlated. The mechanism of response differs from that to E. coli endotoxin.
Coding tradeoffs for high-density holographic data storage

We present an initial experimental evaluation of coding and signal processing tradeoffs in high-density holographic data storage. Block-based and low-pass modulation codes, predistortion of holographic pages during recording (pre- processing), and conventional equalization (post-processing) are compared using a few recorded holograms. The relative gain in number of stored holograms is obtained by measuring BER as a function of readout power: the effect on density is gauged by the size of the Fourier plane aperture in the holographic system. Results show that equalization provides a 20% density gain, and predistortion a 60% gain. The total improvement in density by combining small apertures with both of these signal processing options is greater than 100% with an 8:12 strong balanced block code, a 6:9 lowpass/sparse code, and a parity thresholding technique with 9.1% overhead.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
P02.83. Mindfulness meditation in community dwelling older adults with postherpetic neuralgia.

Purpose This pilot study compared usual care alone with usual care plus meditation in relation to anxiety, depression, pain, and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). PHN may occur after shingles, and has been described as one of the most intractable neuropathic pain disorders. Older adults develop PHN more often than younger adults. Mindfulness meditation, found to be beneficial in the management of some chronic pain conditions, has not been specifically examined in older adults with PHN.
The longevity and aspect ratio of dust devils: Effects on detection efficiencies and comparison of landed and orbital imaging at Mars

Abstract We summarize data from Earth and Mars on the duration of dust devils as a function of their diameter: a strong positive correlation is seen (duration in minutes appears to vary as ∼0.66 d 0.66 , where d is the diameter in meters). This duration information allows orbital measurements at Mars (where only one observation per day is typical) to be compared with landed or terrestrial surveys with continuous monitoring. Counts from orbit appear higher than those from the surface, possibly due to higher detection efficiency from near-vertical orbital imaging where the dust loading integrated along the line-of-sight may be higher than for near-horizontal field/landed imaging due to the slender aspect ratio (∼5) of dust devils, indicated by both Earth and Mars data. The diameter dependence of duration results in an enhancement in the effective detection area for large devils for small-area surveys which do not discriminate between devils that form within their defined nominal survey areas, and those that are advected into it by winds.
Time-gated optical system for depth-resolved functional brain imaging.

We present a time-domain optical system for functional im- aging of the adult head. We first describe the instrument, which is based on a Ti:Sapphire pulsed laser wavelength 750-850 nm and an intensified CCD camera enabling parallel detection of multiple fibers. We characterize the system in terms of sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, instrument response function, cross-talk, stability, and reproduc- ibility. We then describe two applications of the instrument: the char- acterization of baseline optical properties of homogeneous scattering media, and functional brain imaging. For the second application, we developed a two-part probe consisting in two squares of 44 sources and 33 detectors. The laser source is time-multiplexed to define 4 states of 8 sources that can be turned on during the same camera frame while minimizing cross-talk. On the detection side, we use for each detector 7 fibers of different lengths creating an optical delay, and enabling simultaneous detection in 7 windows by steps of 500 ps for each detector. This multiple window detection allows depth sensitivity. The imaging probe was tested on dynamic phantoms and a preliminary result on an adult performing a motor task shows discrimination between superficial and cortical responses to the stimulus on both hemispheres. © 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
High Temperature Sensor based on Supermode Interference in Multicore Fiber

A high temperature fiber optic sensor based on multicore fiber is presented. Experimental results show the sensor operating stably at temperatures up to 1000°C with the capability to multiplex sensors in a single chain.
CAUSE OF IMMEDIATE DEATH BY LARGE DOSES OF BOTULINUS TOXIN

Parenteral introduction of amounts of the culture filtrate of Bacillus botulinus greatly in excess of the minimum lethal dose has been observed to cause the practically immediate death of mice. This result is due to the presence in the filtrates of a chemical poison possessing properties distinct from those of the contained botulinus toxin which itself acts only after a well defined period of incubation. This chemical poison is not neutralized by botulinus antitoxin; it is effective only when large amounts of the culture filtrate are given; it is thermostable, not being destroyed when heated in the autoclave in a sealed tube, though when it is heated in an open container its toxicity diminishes with a coincidental volatilization of basic material. The volatile substance can be identified as ammonia. Death resulting from the injection of comparatively large amounts of ammonium salts (0.1 gm.) is easily distinguished from that due to botulism, both through the character of the symptoms and the absence of an incubation period. However, when the amount of toxic salts injected is smaller (0.01 gm.), the symptoms of poisoning are not so characteristic and death may be delayed long enough to suggest a period of incubation similar to that observed in botulism (Table IV). This circumstance is of importance in connection with the examination of partly decomposed food products in which the presence of botulinus toxin is suspected. As a rule such suspected material is injected in massive doses (0.5 to 1 cc.) in mice. It is conceivable that such spoiled foods may be contaminated with common putrefactive bacteria yielding ammonia during their growth and thus may cause death of the test animals. If in such tests mice passively protected by the preliminary injection of an excess of antitoxin be used in addition to normal animals, the chances of an error in the interpretation of the results will be materially reduced, though not ruled out. Unfortunately for such a procedure, botulinus antitoxin is not readily available, while furthermore, recent findings indicate that it may not always be effective owing to the existence of a group of toxin-producing bacteria very similar to Bacillus botulinus, but not homologous immunologically with either of the known types of the latter. The test of thermostability of the toxic constituents of suspected food may conceivably help to determine the true nature of the poison.
On the Directional Correlation of Successive Nuclear Radiations

The theory of angular correlation is given in a form applicable to the successive emissions of any nuclear radiations. It is shown that the theoretical specification of angular correlation requires two kinds of information; namely, the angular momenta of the nuclear states and emitted radiations, and the Hamiltonian interaction between the outgoing particles and nucleus. The former information enters in the same way in all angular correlations while the latter, differing with the kind of particles emitted, is needed to obtain the angular distributions associated with each component of a line. The structure of such angular distributions is studied in relation to isotropy requirements and an explicit construction to exhibit them is given. Systematic simplifications in the calculation of angular correlation functions $W(\ensuremath{\vartheta})$ are shown to result from several theorems relating to the combinations of transformation coefficients occurring in $W(\ensuremath{\vartheta})$. These make possible a complete tabulation of $W(\ensuremath{\vartheta})$ in canonical forms applicable, on proper specialization, to any angular correlation in which the angular momentum of the decay products in either transition is 1 or $2\ensuremath{\hbar}$. The specializations for $\ensuremath{\alpha}$- and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-emission are given.
Neonatal spinal cord transection secondary to intrauterine hyperextension of the neck in breech presentation

In the past three years we have dealt with children who suffered spinal cord transection during easy breech delivery. Each was discovered on prepartum roentgenogram to have been hyperextended in utero. Review of case reports of breech presentations in which there is persistent hyperextension indicates that transection of the cord does not occur if the infant is delivered by cesarean section; transection is estimated to occur in 25 per cent of those delivered vaginally. Pediatricians and pediatric neurologists should be aware of this unusual circumstance, especially when dealing with the neonate.
Saturation effects in a continuous-wave HF chemical laser

The multiline performance of a cw HF chemical laser was measured as a function of the SF6 and H2 flow rates, cavity losses, pressure and resonator type. The first data from a cw laser for a near-resonant energy transfer from v = 3, /=3,4 to v = 2, /=14 with a subsequent rotational cascade to v = 2, /=11 were obtained. The stable resonator data indicated that the polarization introduced by the Brewster windows affects the power spectral distribution. The amplitude, frequency, and Fresnel number dependence of the time-dependent oscillations which were predicted to occur on lines whose saturated gain does not fill the unstable resonator were measured. The data showed that the oscillations do not occur for Fresnel numbers below 1.5 and that their amplitudes increase as the fraction of the resonator filled by the oscillating lines decreased. The a priori prediction of these characteristics of the time-dependent oscillations by the MNORO3UR computer model was in agreement with the data.
The Effects of Antismoking Messages From Family, School, and Mass Media on Smoking Behavior and Smoking Intention Among Chinese Adolescents

The prevalence of adolescent smoking has been increasing rapidly in China. Expanding adolescent exposure to antismoking messages may be an effective approach to prevent tobacco use among this population. Using a cross-sectional sample of 8,444 high school students in four Chinese cities, this study assessed the relation between self-reported exposure to antismoking messages from families, schools, and mass media and the rate of past 30-day smoking and smoking intention among junior and senior high school students. Results from logistic regression suggested that antismoking messages delivered via school and media inhibited both tobacco use and the intention to smoke. The effects of familial warnings about harmful effects of smoking, in contrast, were at best insignificant.
Inquiry-based active learning in introductory programming courses

We have developed an innovative online tool for teaching introductory programming courses with the goals of engaging students in learning to program and increasing students' learning confidence. This system provides an online runtime environment that supports Java online compilation, execution, and verification with either Java console, GUI, or Web-based programs. In addition, the system can also support a synchronous, in-class, and instructor-led setting with instant assessment as well as an asynchronous, off-class, self-paced, and independent-study supplemental environment.
The synthesis of deuterium-labeled N-nitrosodiethanolamine and N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine

Two deuterated derivatives of N-nitrosodiethanolamine and two deuterated derivatives of N-Nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine were prepared. 1,1,1′,1′-2H4-N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1a was prepared in 99% isotopic purity by simple base catalyzed H-D exchange. 2,2,2′,2′-2H4-N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 1b was synthesized in 98% isotopic purity by the LiAlD4 reduction of dimethyl iminodiethanoate, followed by acid catalyzed nitrosation. 5,5-2H2-N-Nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine 2a was prepared in 99% isotopic purity through a series of steps involving 1) the selective base catalyzed H-D exchange of the CH2 adjacent to the ester function of 2,2-diethoxyethylcarboethoxymethylnitrosamine, 2) its reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride at −8°C followed by 3) acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the acetal and cyclization to the hemiacetal. 2-2H-N-Nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine 2b (98% isotopic purity) was prepared through the LiAlD4 reduction of 2-hydroxyethylcorboethoxymethylnitrosamine at −78°C.
Some new Z-cyclic whist tournaments

Abstract Let p1,p2 denote primes such that p i ≡1 ( mod 36), i=1,2 . One result in this study is the formulation of a set of sufficient conditions, the satisfaction of which guarantees the existence of Z-cyclic whist tournaments when the number of players has the form 33p1+1. By judiciously representing elements and subsets of Z33p1p2, Z-cyclic whist tournaments for 33p1p2+1 players are shown to be directly obtainable from the tournament on 33p1+1 players. Data supporting the sufficient conditions is provided for all primes p1 such that 37⩽p 1 p 1 ≡1 ( mod 36).
Board structure and CEO compensation: Evidence from U.S. lodging industry

Abstract Using a sample of U.S. lodging firms, this paper examines the relationship between board of director characteristics and chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. Previous research shows that larger boards are detrimental to the effectiveness of the board of directors and deteriorate the control imposed on CEO actions and pay. Board independence is also suggested as an important quality to emphasize the control on the CEO. We propose that U.S. lodging firms’ board of directors provide a nice setting to investigate the effects of size and independence on CEO compensation level. Our findings suggest that CEO compensation is not related to board size, and positively related to proportion of the outside board members. These findings are contrary to the findings of previous studies. Our findings may provide significant insights to lodging firms’ board of directors to structure efficient compensation packages.
Recovering the acoustic green's function from ambient noise cross correlation in an inhomogeneous moving medium

We study long-range correlation of diffuse acoustic noise fields in an arbitrary inhomogeneous, moving fluid. The flow reversal theorem is used to show that the cross-correlation function of ambient noise provides an estimate of a combination of the Green's functions corresponding to sound propagation in opposite directions between the two receivers. Measurements of the noise cross correlation allow one to quantify flow-induced acoustic nonreciprocity and evaluate both spatially averaged flow velocity and sound speed between the two points.
Molecular-dynamics simulation of liquid water with an ab initio flexible water-water interaction potential

The Matsuoka-Clementi-Yoshimine (MCY) configuration interaction potential for rigid water-water interactions has been extended to include the intramolecular vibrations. The extended potential (MCYL), using no empirical parameters other than the atomic masses, electron charge, and Planck constant, is used in a molecular-dynamics simulation study of the static and dynamic properties of liquid water. Among the properties studied are internal energy, heat capacity, pressure, radial distribution functions, dielectric constant, static structure factor, velocity autocorrelation functions, self-diffusion coefficients, dipole autocorrelation function, and density and current fluctuations. Comparison with experiments is made whenever possible. Most of these properties are found to improve slightly relative to the MCY model. The simulated high-frequency sound mode seems to support the results and interpretation of a recent coherent inelastic neutron scattering experiment.
Instrumentation for investigating the propagation of infrared radiation over long atmospheric paths

Abstract Equipment is described that has been developed to investigate the propagation of infrared radiation through low altitude layers of the atmosphere over various broad-band wavelength regions from 1 to 12 μm for pathlengths up to 10km. Propagation studies undertaken to date have included absolute transmission and relative transmission measurements in a terrain environment, and terrestrial scintillation observations: the measured transmission data compare favourably with lowtran 3B predictions. The various errors associated with transmission measurements are discussed.
Gender differences in the noninvasive evaluation and management of patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Objective: To determine if gender-based differences exist in the posttest management and clinical outcome of patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease who have stress electrocardio...
Seasonal presence of tidepool fish species in a rocky intertidal zone of northern California, USA

An intertidal fish community in Trinidad Bay, Humboldt County, California, was studied between November 1968 and May 1970. The nursery function of rocky tidal pools for juveniles of subtidal fishes was indicated by peaks in indices of seasonally abundant fish species in summer. The proportion of juveniles of seasonal species in the intertidal fish community rose significantly in collections of late spring and summer, to a maximum of 35% of the individuals collected in July. Annual dominance was relatively high due to abundant populations of the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus, but two other fish species were also encountered in tidepools every month of the year.
Canopy Reflectance Estimation of Wheat Nitrogen Content for Grain Protein Management

The objective of this study is to evaluate remote sensing as a tool for measuring wheat nitrogen (N) content and then demonstrate how that information may be used by crop managers to improve grain protein content. Remote sensing data from aerial and satellite platforms were collected and compared with flag leaf N concentrations. Flag leaf N was significantly correlated with reflectance (r 2 = 0.52-0.80) during 2002 and 2003. A mid-season application of N increased grain protein in every treatment, but most significantly in the N-stressed treatments. Using remote sensing as a tool, wheat growers can estimate N stress and make decisions about protein management.
The Case for a Third Alternative: One University’s Trip

Today, the nation is facing an unprecedented teacher shortage, which will undoubtedly result in increased attention to alternative certification programs as a possible means of addressing the school-staffing crisis. For the past decade, much has centered on the tensions between school, college, and department of education (SCDE) programs and alternative programs, and the relative merits and drawbacks of two delivery systems—one in which candidates complete initial certification prior to employment and one that provides training to candidates while they are employed as full-time teachers. The authors advocate a third alternative for midcareer teacher candidates, one that encompasses the strengths and minimizes the weaknesses of the two predominant delivery systems currently available. This alternative is the comprehensive, accelerated, customer-oriented teacher preparation program, coupled with an intensive induction support system. The authors describe one such program and discuss the compelling reasons f...
Effect of structural variation within sym-(R)dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acid resins upon the selectivity and efficiency of alkali-metal cation sorption.

Five new crown ether carboxyhc acid resins have been prepared by condensation polymerization of sym-(R)dibenzo-16-crown-5-oxyacetic acids with formaldehyde. Competitive alkali-metal cation sorption by these novel resins, which contain both ion-exchange and crown ether binding sites for metal ions, has been investigated. As the R-group was varied (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl and decyl) both the alkali-metal cation sorption selectivity and efficiency were affected. The highest efficiency (loading) and Na+ sorption selectivity were obtained when R = methyl, ethyl and propyl. The longer alkyl groups were found to be detrimental to both sorption efficiency and selectivity.
STUDIES ON THE ENZYMES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS : IV. BACTERIOLYTIC ENZYME.

1. Pneumococci possess an active intracellular enzyme which causes lysis of heat-killed pneumococci of the same and heterologous types and to a less degree of a closely related organism, Streptococcus viridans. 2. The optimum reaction for lysis lies between pH 6 and 8. 3. The bacteriolytic action is proportional to the concentration of the enzyme. 4. Heating the enzyme for 30 minutes at 60°C. destroys its activity. 5. The possible relation of the enzyme to autolysis is discussed.
Mapping QTL for seed yield and canning quality following processing of black bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted to identify QTL for seed yield and color retention following processing of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) black bean population. A population of 96 RILs were derived from the cross of black bean cultivars ‘Jaguar’ and 115M and evaluated in replicated trials at one location over 4 years (2004–2007) in Michigan. A 119-point genetic map constructed using simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) and phenotypic markers spanned fifteen linkage groups (LG) or 460 cM of the bean genome. Fourteen QTL for yield and color retention in four environments were identified by composite interval mapping on six linkage groups. A major QTL SY10.2J115 for seed yield was identified on LG B10 with additional QTL on B3, B5, and B11. Color retention following processing was associated with loci on B1, B3, B5, B8, and B11. 115M possessed positive alleles for yield, but negative alleles for color retention. Some QTL for yield and color retention co-localized with regions identified in previous studies while others, particularly for color retention, were unique. Additional QTL for agronomic and canning quality traits were detected and individual contributions to future black bean breeding are discussed.
Electron energy relaxation in silicon quantum dots by acoustic and optical phonon scattering

Abstract In the present work, we theoretically investigate the energy relaxation of electrons due to acoustic and optical phonon scattering in quantum-dot systems embedded in a Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structure with ( 1 0 0 ) surface orientation. The confinement potential normal to the Si/SiO2 interface is modeled by an infinite triangular quantum well. For the spatial confinement in the lateral directions due to depletion gates we assume a parabolic potential. The calculated transition rates for electron scattering between discrete energy levels in the dot are included in a simple transport model using Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the relaxation of electrons from higher levels back to the ground level. We find that the electron decay shows a non-exponential behavior. The simulated relaxation time strongly depends on the confinement in the lateral directions and may vary by several orders of magnitude.
Hume vs. Reid on Ideas: The New Hume Letter

Students of eighteenth-century philosophy are familiar with the fact that Thomas Reid's criticism of the philosophy of his contemporary David Hume rested on the claim that the latter had adopted as an unquestioned presupposition a false theory of ideas deriving from the philosophy of Descartes. This is a charge which Hume never answered directly in print. Until now twentieth-century scholars have only had available a polite but uninformative letter from Hume to Reid that, basically, compliments him on the style of the manuscript of his Inquiry into the Human Mind-the work in which the criticism was first made.1 However, the recent discovery by Paul Wood of a letter from Hume to Hugh Blair, who had sent him Reid's manuscript, indicates that Hume had read Reid's work with some care.2 Moreover, Wood has now identified a manuscript, published by David Norton some ten years ago under the title 'Reid's Abstract of the Inquiry into the Human Mind', as Reid's direct answer to Hume.3 The letter contains a rather surprising criticism of Reid's own philosophynamely, that it itself rests on the theory of 'innate Ideas':
Orthopnea in a 75-Year-Old Man After Cardiac Catheterization

A 75-year-old man was evaluated in consultation for dyspnea. He was admitted to the hospital 1 day earlier with chest pain and progressive dyspnea over 12 months, which was mild with exertion but worse when he lay flat. He noted increasing daytime fatigue over the same time period. He had been able to work until recently as a building maintenance man. After hospital admission, he underwent cardiac catheterization, which showed no evidence of coronary artery disease. A sudden worsening of dyspnea developed, however, while he was lying supine at the end of the procedure.
Attitude Importance: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Passionately Held Views

People care passionately about some attitudes and consider them deeply important, and they accord no particular significance to other attitudes. In the current paper, we review the state of the psychological literature on attitude importance. We consider the factors that cause people to attach importance to some attitudes but not to others, and we review the cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences of attaching importance to an attitude. Finally, we explore several open questions regarding attitude importance, charting a course for future research in this area. Attitudes, or people’s overall evaluations of the objects in their environment, have garnered a tremendous amount of scholarly attention across the social sciences. The fields of sociology, political science, economics, anthropology, and social and political philosophy are just some of the many disciplines that have taken an interest in human likes and dislikes. For social psychologists, however, the attitude construct has held an especially privileged and central status. In fact, attitudes have famously been referred to as ‘the most distinctive and indispensable concept’ in the field of social psychology
Phase transitions induced by white noise in bistable optical systems

Abstract We consider a gas of two-level atoms in a Fabry-Perot cavity subjected to a coherent driving field, in the sub-threshold region where no hysterisis loop is normally present. It is shown that external white noise can induce a phase transition in this region. A comparison is made to the microscopic theory [8] and it is shown that for the noise variance σ2 = 0.005, exactly the same results are obtained using our stochastic differential equation approach.
Effects of acute haloperidol and reserpine administration on vacuous jaw movements in three different age groups of rats

Abstract In these experiments three different age groups of rats were tested for vacuous jaw movements. The age groups included rats aged 3 months, rats aged 6–9 months, and rats aged 12–15 months. In the first experiment, rats were given a single IP injection of either 0.3% tartaric acid vehicle or 0.4 mg/kg haloperidol. In the second experiment, rats were given injections of vehicle or 5.0 mg/kg reserpine. Haloperidol and reserpine significantly increased vacuous jaw movements. There were significant effects of age on vacuous jaw movements, with rats aged 6–9 months and rats aged 12–15 months showing more jaw movements than 3-month-old rats. In both experiments, the drug × age interaction was not significant, indicating that the combined effects of age and neuroleptic treatment were additive and not synergistic. Haloperidol and reserpine also reduced rearing behavior in all age groups. It is concluded that age is an important variable in studies of vacuous jaw movements.
Studies on freezing injuries in Eleodes blanchardi beetles

Abstract 1. 1. Cold-acclimated tenebrionid beetles of the species Eleodes blunchardi tolerated freezing at −6 to −8°C. whereas beetles kept at room temperature for 2 weeks were seriously injured by freezing at these temperatures. 2. 2. The cold-acclimated beetles tolerated the freezing of a higher percentage of their body water than did the warm-acclimated beetles, indicating that the difference in cold tolerance is not due to a colligative cryoprotective mechanism. 3. 3. Immediately after freezing, both groups of beetles had a markedly elevated oxygen consumption, most pronounced in the warm-acclimated group. After 20 hr at room temperature, the oxygen consumption had returned to normal level, even in those beetles which were seemingly dead The normal oxygen consumption indicates that most of the cells were still intact after the freezing. 4. 4. It is proposed that the freezing injury might occur in nervous tissues, and that the difference in cold tolerance might be due to acclimation in these tissues.
Geometry students’ hedged statements and their self-regulation of mathematics

Abstract Statements conveying a degree of certainty or doubt, in the form of hedging, have been linked with logical inference in students’ talk ( Rowland, 2000 ). Considering the current emphasis on increasing student autonomy for effective mathematical discourse, I posit a relationship between hedging and student autonomy. In the current study, high school Geometry students’ frequency of producing hedged mathematical statements were correlated with their perceived mathematical autonomy to determine if a relationship existed. Results found a strong and statistically significant correlation, providing support for a connection between students’ hedging and their perceived autonomy. However, additional analysis revealed that perceptions of mathematical competence and social relatedness were also influential to hedging. Implications of these results are discussed.
The Mesoscale and Microscale Structure and Organization of Clouds and Precipitation in Midlatitude Cyclones: XVI: Three Dimensional Airflow and Vertical Vorticity Budget for a Warm Front

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of a warm front and its precipitation features are caused using due-Doppler radar data and supporting mesoscale measurements. Evidence is presented to support a staircase-like structure of the warm-frontal surface and significant flow of air through front from the warm side. The cyclonic vertical vorticities within both the principal banded and nonbanded precipitation features were very weak. The primary source of the vertical vorticity appears to have been advected horzontally from behind the frontal zone by a strong low-level inflow. Vortex streteching was generally weak. Tilting terms is in the vorticity budget were primarily sinks. Kinematic factors that must have played a role in the formation of the banded and irregular precipitation feature associated with this front are discussed and some generalizations are made to other preciptations systems.