cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context

Adaptation may be the best way to conceptualize the complex, multilateral relationship between individual identity and sociocultural context, because it recognizes the causal importance of culture yet also recognizes individual choice and change. This argument is developed by considering how several historical changes in the sociocultural context (i.e. increasing freedom of choice, changed interpersonal patterns, loss of traditional value bases, and rising tension between desire for uniqueness and difficulty of achieving it) have led to changes in the nature of identity. Although identity adapts to changes in its sociocultural context, these changes sometimes create new problems, including the specially problematic nature of modern selfhood.
In vivo two-photon imaging of cortical vasculature in mice to 1.5-mm depth with 1280-nm excitation

Deep tissue multiphoton imaging of mouse brain using 1280-nm excitation is presented. A record imaging depth of 1.5-mm in mouse cortex is achieved in vivo, approximately reaching the fundamental depth limit in scattering tissue.
Aha! Insight experience correlates with solution activation in the right hemisphere.

In one experiment, we tested for an association between semantic activation in the right hemisphere (RH) and left hemisphere (LH) and the Aha! experience when people recognize solutions to insight-like problems. The compound remote associate problems used in this experiment sometimes evoke an Aha! experience and sometimes do not. On each trial, participants (N = 44) attempted to solve these problems and, after 7 sec, named a target word, made a solution decision, and rated their insight experience of recognizing the solution. As in prior studies, the participants demonstrated more solution priming for solutions presented to the left visual field-RH (lvf-RH) than for solutions presented to the right visual field-LH (rvf-LH). As was predicted, following unsolved problems the participants showed greater priming for solutions that they rated as evoking an insight experience on the subsequent solution decision than for solutions that did not evoke an insight experience. This association was stronger for solutions presented to the lvf-RH than for those presented to the rvf-LH. These results tie the subjective experience of insight to an objective measure-semantic priming-and suggest that people have an Aha! experience in part because they already had semantic activation that could lead them to recognize the solution quickly. We believe semantic activation in both hemispheres cooperatively contributes to problem solving, but weak solution activation that contributes to the Aha! experience is more likely to occur in the RH than in the LH.
Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient

Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous mold with a predilection for causing central nervous system infection, particularly in normal hosts. A case involving a 79-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with left-sided weakness and a ring-enhancing brain lesion is reported. She underwent surgical excision, which revealed a brain abscess due to C bantiana. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B for several weeks, then switched to voriconazole and flucytosine, but eventually succumbed to the infection. Therapy is not standardized for this rare mycosis, and mortality remains high, even in immunocompetent patients. Additional studies to understand the pathogenesis of this infection and to improve outcomes are needed.
Nail Surgery: A Review

The ability to perform nail surgery broadens a physician's diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in managing disorders or dysfunction of the nail apparatus. Nail anatomy and function are reviewed. Principles and general techniques of nail surgery are presented as a background for the discussion of several commonly employed surgical procedures.
Compression of embedded system programs

Embedded systems are often sensitive to space, weight, and cost considerations. Reducing the size of stored programs can significantly improve these factors. This paper discusses a program compression methodology based on existing processor architectures. The authors examine practical and theoretical measures for the maximum compression rate of a suite of programs across six modern architectures. The theoretical compression rate is reported in terms of the zeroth and first-order entropies, while the practical compression rate is reported in terms of the Huffman-encoded format of the proposed compression methodology and the GNU file compression utility, gzip. These experiments indicate that a practical increase of 15%-30% and a theoretical increase of over 100% in code density can be expected using the techniques examined. In addition, a novel, greedy, variable-length-to variable-length encoding algorithm is presented with preliminary results. >
Anthropology and Family History

The growing interchange between family historians and sociocultural anthropologists is part of a broader movement linking anthropology and history, which is discussed in this article. Two traditions in anthropology—one symbolic and the other social organizational—have contributed in different ways to this in terdisciplinary development. The reasons for paying greater anthropological at tention to historical materials are discussed, as are the benefits to family historians of making more use of anthropology. Among the topics of mutual in terest considered are (a) the need for comparative research; (b) developing analytical tools for kinship study; (c) the relationship between norms and behavior; and (d) the relationship between structure and process.
Stokes flow past a two-dimensional lens

Two problems involving uniform Stokes flow past a two-dimensional lens are considered in an attempt to determine those geometric characteristics which cause separation and theresultant formation of large Stokes eddies. Criteria are derived which identify lenses having this property. It is found that a necessary condition for separation is that the lens be convex-concave.
Pistolgraphs: Liberal Technoagency and the Nineteenth-Century Camera Gun

In her 1973 essay on photography “In Plato's Cave,” Susan Sontag wrote that “a camera is sold as a predatory weapon,” and that “just as the camera is a sublimation of the gun, to photograph someone...
Substrate‐driven conformational changes in ClC‐ec1 observed by fluorine NMR

The CLC 'Cl(-) channel' family consists of both Cl(-)/H(+) antiporters and Cl(-) channels. Although CLC channels can undergo large, conformational changes involving cooperativity between the two protein subunits, it has been hypothesized that conformational changes in the antiporters may be limited to small movements localized near the Cl(-) permeation pathway. However, to date few studies have directly addressed this issue, and therefore little is known about the molecular movements that underlie CLC-mediated antiport. The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli antiporter ClC-ec1 provides an invaluable molecular framework, but this static picture alone cannot depict the protein movements that must occur during ion transport. In this study we use fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor substrate-induced conformational changes in ClC-ec1. Using mutational analysis, we show that substrate-dependent (19)F spectral changes reflect functionally relevant protein movement occurring at the ClC-ec1 dimer interface. Our results show that conformational change in CLC antiporters is not restricted to the Cl(-) permeation pathway and show the usefulness of (19)F NMR for studying conformational changes in membrane proteins of known structure.
High frequency of hotspot mutations in core genes of Escherichia coli due to short-term positive selection.

Core genes comprising the ubiquitous backbone of bacterial genomes are not subject to frequent horizontal transfer and generally are not thought to contribute to the adaptive evolution of bacterial pathogens. We determined, however, that at least one-third and possibly more than one-half of the core genes in Escherichia coli genomes are targeted by repeated replacement substitutions in the same amino acid positions—hotspot mutations. Occurrence of hotspot mutations is driven by positive selection, as their rate is significantly higher than expected by random chance alone, and neither intragenic recombination nor increased mutability can explain the observed patterns. Also, commensal E. coli strains have a significantly lower frequency of mutated genes and mutations per genome than pathogenic strains. E. coli strains causing extra-intestinal infections accumulate hotspot mutations at the highest rate, whereas the highest total number of mutated genes has been found among Shigella isolates, suggesting the pathoadaptive nature of such mutations. The vast majority of hotspot mutations are of recent evolutionary origin, implying short-term positive selection, where adaptive mutations emerge repeatedly but are not sustained in natural circulation for long. Such pattern of dynamics is consistent with source-sink model of virulence evolution.
Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection Is Associated with Lymphoproliferative Disease and Lymphoma in BALB β2 Microglobulin-Deficient Mice

Human gammaherpesvirus infections are associated with development of lymphoproliferative disease. Understanding of the mechanisms of gammaherpesvirus lymphomagenesis during chronic infection in a natural host has been limited by the exquisite species specificity of human gammaherpesviruses and the expense of primates. Murine gammaherpesvirus gammaHV68 is genetically and biologically related to human gammaherpesviruses and herpesvirus saimiri and has been reported to be associated with lymphoproliferative disease in mice (N. P. Sunil-Chandra, J. Arno, J. Fazakerley, and A. A. Nash, Am. J. Pathol. 145:818-826, 1994). We report the development of an animal model of gammaHV68 lymphomagenesis in BALB/c beta2 microglobulin-deficient mice (BALB beta2m-/-). GammaHV68 infection induced two lymphoproliferative lesions: B-cell lymphoma and atypical lymphoid hyperplasia (ALH). ALH lesion histology resembled lesions of Epstein-Barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and was characterized by the abnormal infiltration of the white pulp with cells expressing the plasma cell marker CD138. Lymphomas observed in gammaHV68-infected animals were B220+/CD3- large-cell lymphomas. GammaHV68-infected cells were common in ALH lesions as measured by in situ hybridization with a probe specific for viral tRNAs (vtRNAs), but they were scarce in gammaHV68-infected spleens with normal histology. Unlike ALH lesions, gammaHV68 vtRNA-positive cells were rare in lymphomas. GammaHV68 infection of BALB beta2m-/- mice results in lymphoproliferation and lymphoma, providing a valuable tool for identifying viral and host genes involved in gammaherpesvirus-associated malignancies. Our findings suggest that gammaHV68 induces lymphomas via hit-and-run oncogenesis, paracrine effects, or stimulation of chronic inflammation.
BEYOND PROOFTEXTING: APPROACHES TO THE QUR'ĀN IN SOME EARLY ARABIC CHRISTIAN APOLOGIES

L'article est consacre a l'etude de visions du Coran dans d'anciennes apologies chretiennes arabes datant du Haut Moyen Age. L'A. analyse des textes theologiques arabes melkites utilisant diversement le Coran, montrant l'influence de tournures de phrases et d'accents coraniques sur les chretiens arabophones.
The SRSF1 linker induces semi-conservative ESE binding by cooperating with the RRMs

SR proteins promote spliceosome formation by recognizing exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) during pre-mRNA splicing. Each SR protein binds diverse ESEs using strategies that are yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the RNA-binding domain (RBD) of SRSF1 optimally binds to decameric purine rich ESE sequences although locations of purines are not stringently specified. The presence of uracils either within or outside of the recognition site is detrimental for binding with SRSF1. The entire RBD, comprised of two RRMs and a glycine-rich linker, is essential for ESE binding. Mutation within each segment reduced or nearly abolished binding, suggesting that these segments mediate cooperative binding. The linker plays a decisive role in organizing ESE binding. The flanking basic regions of the linker appear to communicate with each other in bringing the two RRMs close together to form the complex with RNA. Our study thus suggests semi-conservative adaptable interaction between ESE and SRSF1, and such binding mode is not only essential for the recognition of plethora of physiological ESE sequences but may also be essential for the interaction with various factors during the spliceosome assembly.
Optimal growth of Central and East Pacific ENSO events

Central Pacific (CP)-type and Eastern Pacific (EP)-type El Ni ˜ no and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are investigated using linear inverse modeling. Optimal initial conditions and growth rates for CP or EP ENSO events are identified explicitly using a CP or EP ENSO norm. The dominant difference in initial conditions that lead to CP and EP ENSO events is the role of the second empirical orthogonal function of tropical sea surface temperature, which represents the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM). Optimal initial conditions for CP-type ENSO events include warm SST anomalies in the central subtropical Pacific (a characteristic of the PMM) while optimal initial conditions for EP-type ENSO events are focused in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Southern Hemisphere subtropics along about 25 ◦ S. Thermocline anomalies differ in initial structures and in their influence on SST for CP and EP events. Results point to different roles of the PMM and thermocline variations in the evolution of CP and EP ENSO events.
The Role of Terrestrial Microcosms and Mesocosms in Ecotoxicologic Research

Terrestrial microcosm technology is less than two decades old. Much of its efforts is based in plant growth chamber studies, soil column experiments, and environmental process measurements made in the field. Stemming from chemical, toxicological, and physiological studies begun in the latter part of the 19th century and applied widely in the first six decades of this century, microcosm technology has come to depend heavily on advanced analytical techniques, materials science, and sophisticated ecological field investigations.
Session 8 overview / wireline: Architectures & circuits for next generation wireline transceivers

Summary form only given. Meeting the challenges for next generation communication systems demands a combination of circuit and architecture innovation. Circuit innovation, by extending the performance achievable using CMOS technologies, yields increasingly flexible standard-compliant designs, allows data rates to be pushed to new levels, and enables the creation of new ways to mitigate deep submicron technology constraints. Architecture innovation will have longer-term impact in areas ranging from addressing serial link power challenges to creating entirely new serial link application spaces.
Learning Generative Models via Discriminative Approaches

Generative model learning is one of the key problems in machine learning and computer vision. Currently the use of generative models is limited due to the difficulty in effectively learning them. A new learning framework is proposed in this paper which progressively learns a target generative distribution through discriminative approaches. This framework provides many interesting aspects to the literature. From the generative model side: (1) A reference distribution is used to assist the learning process, which removes the need for a sampling processes in the early stages. (2) The classification power of discriminative approaches, e.g. boosting, is directly utilized. (3) The ability to select/explore features from a large candidate pool allows us to make nearly no assumptions about the training data. From the discriminative model side: (1) This framework improves the modeling capability of discriminative models. (2) It can start with source training data only and gradually "invent" negative samples. (3) We show how sampling schemes can be introduced to discriminative models. (4) The learning procedure helps to tighten the decision boundaries for classification, and therefore, improves robustness. In this paper, we show a variety of applications including texture modeling and classification, non-photorealistic rendering, learning image statistics/denoising, and face modeling. The framework handles both homogeneous patterns, e.g. textures, and inhomogeneous patterns, e.g. faces, with nearly an identical parameter setting for all the tasks in the learning stage.
A Simple Condition for the Convexity of Optimal Control over Networks with Delays

We consider the problem of multiple subsystems, each with its own controller, such that the dynamics of each subsystem may affect those of other subsystems with some propagation delays, and the controllers may communicate with each other with some transmission delays. We wish to synthesize controllers to minimize a closed-loop norm for the entire system. We show that if the transmission delays satisfy the triangle inequality, then the simple condition that the transmission delay between any two subsystems is less than the propagation delay between those subsystems allows for the optimal control problem to be recast as a convex optimization problem.
Probabilistic QoS guarantees for supercomputing systems

Supercomputing systems must be able to reliably and efficiently complete their assigned workloads, even in the presence of failures. This paper proposes a system that allows the system and users to negotiate a mutually desirable risk strategy; in order to accomplish this, the system makes probabilistic guarantees on quality of service (QoS), of the form, "Job j can be completed by deadline d with probability p". In order to make such guarantees, the system uses event prediction (forecasting) in conjunction with fault-aware job scheduling and cooperative checkpointing strategies. Using job logs and failure traces from actual high performance computing systems, we employ trace-based simulations to assess the effects of the prediction accuracy (a) and user risk strategy (U) on a variety of performance metrics. Compared to a system that does not use event prediction, a high forecasting accuracy resulted in QoS and utilization improvements of as much as 6%, along with an 89% reduction in the amount of lost work. Therefore, our results show that a system that makes probabilistic QoS guarantees using a market-based scheduling approach can increase both system performance and reliability.
Characteristics of Suicides by Inmates in an Urban Jail

Objective: The authors' goals were to describe the characteristics of suicides committed by inmates in custody of the New York City Department of Correction between 1980 and 1988. Methods: Data on suicides were collected from records of the jail health services, the municipal medical examiner's office, and the city's prison death review board, as well as from reports of the New York State Commission of Correction and other documents. Results: The authors identified 48 suicides committed by inmates during the study period. Forty-two percent of the suicides occurred within the first 30 days of incarceration, and 50 percent occurred within three days of a court appearance. More than 90 percent of suicides were by hanging. Ninety one percent of suicides took place in cells in which the inmate was housed alone. Fifty-two percent of the inmates who committed suicide had a major psychiatric diagnosis, and 46 percent had a history of inpatient or outpatient psychiatric care. Conclusions: The authors recommend tha...
The Stress of Therapy

Nowhere in the range of the professional activities of the therapist is he under more intense and significant stress than when he treats the potentially suicidal patient. He may at other times resign himself to leisurely progress in therapy. He may have occasions to feel burned out, dulled, or uninspired by his work. He may at times doubt the value and efficacy of his ministrations. The luxury of such musings disappears when the threat to life intrudes and all the impossibilities of an impossible profession suddenly are heightened.
Corporate Environmentalism: Motivations and Mechanisms

Corporate environmentalism (CE) pertains to firm-level efforts to reduce pollution and resource use along with protecting natural habitats. Importantly, firms pledge to undertake these actions beyond the requirements of the law. Although historically CE efforts focused on resource conservation, their contemporary focus is on pollution reduction to reduce direct harm to humans and their communities and on the protection of environmental sinks. We review two broad categories of CE: direct CE and indirect CE. Direct CE, whether undertaken unilaterally or collectively, pertains to firms themselves adopting policies that reduce the environmental impact of their activities, or disclosing information about their environmental performance. Indirect CE refers to policies of actors (such as financial institutions) that encourage firms seeking their resources (through loans, venture capital, etc.) to commit to environmental stewardship policies. Three key lessons emerge. First, firm-level characteristics, particular...
Legitimacy, Losing, but Accepting: A Test of Positivity Theory and the Effects of Judicial Symbols*

How is it that the U.S. Supreme Court is capable of getting most citizens to accept rulings with which they disagree? This analysis addresses the role of the symbols of judicial authority and legitimacy – the robe, the gavel, the cathedral-like court building – in contributing to this willingness of ordinary people to acquiesce to disagreeable court decisions. Using an experimental design and a nationally representative sample, we show that exposure to judicial symbols (1) strengthens the link between institutional support and acquiescence among those with relatively low prior awareness of the Supreme Court; (2) has differing effects depending upon levels of pre-existing institutional support; and (3) severs the link between disappointment with a disagreeable Court decision and willingness to challenge the ruling. Since symbols influence citizens in ways that reinforce the legitimacy of courts, the connection between institutional attitudes and acquiescence posited by Legitimacy Theory is both supported and explained.
Abstract A45: The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and fatal RCC in two prospective cohorts

Introduction: Current epidemiologic evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but no prospective studies have explored the association in both men and women. Postulated mechanisms include hyperinsulinemia, increases in circulating growth factors, increased endogenous estrogens, and changes in glucose availability. Given the increasing incidence of T2D it is imperative to further evaluate its role in RCC incidence. Methods: We investigated the association between T2D and RCC using prospective cohorts of 117,616 women from the Nurses9 Health Study (NHS) and 48,818 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Self-reports of physician-diagnosed diabetes were collected at baseline, updated biennially, and confirmed via supplemental questionnaires. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of both total and fatal pathology-confirmed RCC. Models were adjusted for BMI, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, NSAID use, and physical activity. Additional adjustment for race, fruit, and vegetable intake did not affect results. Results: During 34 years of follow-up in the NHS we confirmed 309 cases of RCC, including 60 fatal cases. During 24 years of follow-up in the HPFS we confirmed 214 total cases, including 34 fatal cases. In women, T2D was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident RCC (multivariable HR 1.55; 95%CI 1.08 – 2.19), but not fatal RCC (multivariable HR 0.74; 95%CI 0.22 – 2.48). In men, T2D was not associated with an increased risk of incident RCC (multivariable HR 1.10; 95%CI 0.65 – 1.86), but men with T2D were at a non-significantly higher risk of fatal RCC (multivariable HR 2.89; 95%CI 0.93 – 9.02). Compared to non-diabetic women, the association between T2D and RCC was non-significantly stronger in women with a shorter duration of T2D (multivariable HR for ≤ 5 years: HR 2.11; 95%CI 1.31 – 3.38; for > 5 years: HR 1.23; 95%CI 0.77 – 1.95; pdiff: 0.58). In men, duration of T2D was not associated with an increased risk of incident RCC. Conclusions: Our results support previous findings of an association between T2D and incidence of RCC in women; however, we found no significant association in men. T2D may be associated with an increased risk of fatal RCC in men, though power for this analysis in men and women was low. Citation Format: Rebecca E. Graff, Alejandro Sanchez, Jed-Sian Cheng, Dayron Rodriguez, Adam S. Feldman, Glen Barrisford, Seth Bechis, Michael L. Blute, Meir Stampfer, Mark A. Preston, Kathryn M. Wilson, Eunyoung Cho. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and fatal RCC in two prospective cohorts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr A45.
New England Dairy Farm Management Project as an Example of the Operating Unit Approach to Farm Management Analysis

A TER years of discussing available tools and using them in applied studies, farm management workers are still seeking a methodological framework that can be generally accepted as a basis for further effort. Several recent articles have helped to establish certain fundamental principles and to show limitations of some existing methods.' The objectives of this paper will be (1) to illustrate the operating-unit approach as applied in a current project, and (2) to discuss its place among other methods. The essential feature of this approach is the preparation of detailed and comprehensive case studies of particular operating units. Financial budgetary analysis usually comprises part of each case study. The operating unit approach may be used not only when the primary objective is to deal with problems of the particular operating units studied, but also when the primary objective is to deal with problems in a larger economic universe, or when a combination of objectives is involved. The latter is the situation in this illustrative project.
Ubiquitous Services

This paper proposes the use of service-based architectures as a way to bring the benefits of ubiquitous computing solutions to real world problems. We compare this services approach to the traditional view of computer applications as user tools, noticing that service providers can bring significant economies of scale not only in monetary terms but also in computational simplifications based on multiple user data aggregation and large scale data information processing and gathering. We argue for such ubiquitous services by analyzing the evolution of the World Wide Web in the last two decades and the success of service providers such as Google, eBay, and Mapquest in changing the way people live; and by showing how a services approach can make feasible many solutions to real problems such as urban congestion, preventive health care, and global trade.
Highly flexible electronics from scalable vertical thin film transistors.

Flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) are of central importance for diverse electronic and particularly macroelectronic applications. The current TFTs using organic or inorganic thin film semiconductors are usually limited by either poor electrical performance or insufficient mechanical flexibility. Here, we report a new design of highly flexible vertical TFTs (VTFTs) with superior electrical performance and mechanical robustness. By using the graphene as a work-function tunable contact for amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film, the vertical current flow across the graphene–IGZO junction can be effectively modulated by an external gate potential to enable VTFTs with a highest on–off ratio exceeding 105. The unique vertical transistor architecture can readily enable ultrashort channel devices with very high delivering current and exceptional mechanical flexibility. With large area graphene and IGZO thin film available, our strategy is intrinsically scalable for large scale integration of VTF...
Practical aspects of three-dimensional flame imaging using tomographic chemiluminescence

A technique based on tomographic chemiluminescence is described for obtaining threedimensional (3D) flame imaging measurements. The technique utilizes a set of 2D projection measurements from arbitrary view angles to reconstruct a 3D flame using a tomographic inversion algorithm. This technique has been successfully demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. Here we aim to further discuss some practical aspects in the implementation of the technique. These aspects include: 1) the termination criteria of the inversion algorithm and their effects on the accuracy and efficiency of tomographic reconstruction processes; 2) the effects of regularization on reconstructing turbulent flames and the determination of optimal regularization factor; 3) the effects of number of views on reconstruction quality, 4) the impact of the CCD resolution on volumetric retrieval, and 5) the visualization of the 3D flame data. These aspects will be addressed by both simulative investigation on various flame phantoms and a well-controlled flame stabilized by a McKenna burner. The results presented are expected to be valuable for the practical implementation of the technique, facilitating its applications to practical combustion systems.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Is More Common in Blacks Than Whites with Intracerebral Hemorrhage (P06.231)

Objective: To compare the rate and severity of LVH in blacks and whites with spontaneous ICH. Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a reversible structural heart condition that independently increases the risk of stroke, vascular disease and death. In addition to being the most common cause of LVH, hypertension (HTN) is the most common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). As blacks (B) have earlier onset, higher frequency, and more severe HTN, we hypothesized that blacks with ICH may have higher rates of LVH than their white (W) counterparts. Design/Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive analysis of patients presenting with spontaneous ICH from July 2008 to December 2010 was performed. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) must have been completed during the same hospitalization. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and TTE results were collected and analyzed using Chi square and Mann-Whitney U. Results: 119 consecutive patients were screened. 82 (68%) met inclusion criteria. Subjects were 57% male, 70% black with a median age of 58 (19-90), and median NIHSS 15 (IQR 6,21). Blacks were younger (p=.02), presented with higher blood pressure (p Conclusions: In our single center experience, LVH was identified in a substantial number of ICH patients. Further, blacks with ICH had more frequent and severe LVH. We suggest that TTE should be part of the routine work-up of patients with ICH to ascertain and stage hypertensive heart disease, because effective treatment of LVH may require tailoring of antihypertensive medications to reduce the risk of subsequent vascular events. Disclosure: Dr. Albright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boehme has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siegler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Denny has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alexandrov has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has nothing to disclose.
The Chemical Design of Plasmonic Building Blocks

Colloidal nanocrysals (NCs) of controlled crystal size, shape and structure provide ideal plasmonic/photonic building blocks. This talk will present the "current best practices" in preparation, isolation and characterization and organization of optically active NCs. 150-word Biography: Professor Christopher B. Murray holds the Richard Perry University Professorship in Chemistry and Materials Science at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia PA where is research focuses on the preparation, characterization and integration of nanomaterials. He received his B. Sc. degree with Honors in Chemistry from St. Mary's University in Halifax N. S., Canada (1988) and his PhD. in Chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995. Chris joined IBM Research from 1995 to 2006 staff scientist and Manager at IBM’s T. J. Watson Research Center leading the "Nanoscale Materials & Devices" department. Chris is a pioneer in the synthesis, characterization and integration of nanostructured materials into photonic and electronic devices contributing more than 125 scholarly articles and 25 patents in this area. Article not available.
Mortality in Immature Alfalfa Leafcutter Bees in Relation to Alfalfa Saponins

The highest unexplained mortality of immature Megachile rotundata (F.) occurs in alfalfa-seed fields. Water-soluble saponins from alfalfa leaves, used to line bee brood cells, seemed capable of causing such mortality. Food masses of bee nests from non-alfalfa areas were injected with extracts of leaves from alfalfa plants selected for high or low saponin content. Mortality after injection with these extracts averaged 56.2 and 37.8%, respectively, and that for controls and uninjected cells averaged 29.0 and 5.9%, respectively. This relationship was consistent for 6 different extracts. Purified alfalfa saponins produced bee mortality directly related to saponin concentration. Suggestions to improve bee survival for alfalfa seed production include: selecting low saponin alfalfa lines, increasing bee populations on clovers, and providing alternative leaf forage near alfalfa seed fields.
In support of upfront stem cell transplantation as first‐line therapy for paediatric patients with idiopathic severe aplastic anaemia who lack a sibling donor

Keywords: stem cell transplantation; paediatric patients; idiopathic severe aplastic anaemia
Evaluation of Peripheral Vascular Endothelial Function in Children with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Vascular Echo Tracking

Objective To evaluate the function of peripheral vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by using vascular echo tracking technique(E-Tracking). Methods The vascular echo tracking technique was used to detect the diabetes mellitus observation group(observation group) and normal control group(two cases), 110 cases(Ep)and the value of AC were determined. Results The AC and Ep values of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(196.2±17.25) and(53.35±4.31), while the AC of the brachial artery was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.05). Ds and Dd and IMT of the two groups were compared with the control group, while the observation group was higher than the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Vascular echo tracking technique, in the clinic, can give accurate evaluation to the early changes of vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Nb on Continuous Cooling Transformation Behavior of Low Carbon Microalloyed Steel

The dynamic continuous-cooling-transformation( CCT) diagrams of Nb-free and0. 042 wt% Nb tested steels were plotted by means of a dilatometry method combined with metallography. The influence of Nb on the continuous cooling transformation behavior and transformation microstructure of low carbon microalloyed steel was elucidated. The results show that the addition of Nb can significantly refine ferrite grain size and suppress the formation of ferrite,promoting the formation of bainite,and can make CCT curves move down and right,reducing the ferrite and perlite transformation field and expanding the bainite transformation field.Moreover, the Vickers-hardness can be significantly increased due to grain refinement,precipitation hardening and transformation strengthening by the addition of Nb.
Clinical Analysis of 10 Children with Recurrent Kawasaki Disease

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease(KD) of recurrence and comparison with the initial issuance. Methods Clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, echocardiography and treatment programs of 10 children with recurrent Kawasaki disease were retrospectively summarized hospitalized in Shenzhen Children's Hospital during January 2006 to December 2013 and comparison with the initial onset. Results Six cases were atypical in relapsed group,in contrast that Two patients in onset group were atypical. In he primary onset group, peripheral blood leukocytosis of five cases were inreasing. Hemoglobin of two cases decreased, three cases of platelet elevated, C-reactive protein(CRP) of eight cases increased, alanine aminotransferase of three cases elevated, albumin of one case decreased.In recurrent group, blood leukocytosis of 6 cases was increasing, hemoglobin of all of cases was normal, platelets of two cases were increased. CRP were elevated. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were faster. alanine aminotransferase, three cases was elevated.albumin decreased in 6 cases.Blood leukocytosis, platelet, ESR, CRP, serum albumin, serum alanine aminotransferase had no difference statistically compared in primary onset group and recurrent group.The incidence of coronary artery disease in both groups showed no statistical significance. fever time of recurrent cases was shorter than the initial group. Recurrence group in the use of gamma globulin, aspirin was earlier than the onset group, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).There was no significant difference in fever disappearance between the two groups after use of gamma globulin and aspirin. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease in recurrence group was similar with onset time, but Incidence of incomplete Kawasaki disease was higher. The incidence of coronary artery disease is not higher in recurrent group than the early onset group.
Surgical Treatment for Deep-Seated or Large AVMs

Excluding patients with primarily durai or intraorbital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), our experience over the past 25 years includes approximately 480 patients with AVMs, primarily in the brain. The size distribution of these is approximately as follows: 50% were 3 cm or less, 20% were 4 cm, 15% were 5 cm, 10% were 6 cm, and 5% were greater than 6 cm. This distribution is probably tilted toward larger AVMs because many of our patients were referred when their lesions was considered not amenable to surgical excision.
Osmoregulatory inositol transporter SMIT1 modulates electrical activity by adjusting PI(4,5)P2 levels

Myo-inositol is an important cellular osmolyte in autoregulation of cell volume and fluid balance, particularly for mammalian brain and kidney cells. We find it also regulates excitability. Myo-inositol is the precursor of phosphoinositides, key signaling lipids including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. However, whether myo-inositol accumulation during osmoregulation affects signaling and excitability has not been fully explored. We found that overexpression of the Na(+)/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT1) and myo-inositol supplementation enlarged intracellular PI(4,5)P2 pools, modulated several PI(4,5)P2-dependent ion channels including KCNQ2/3 channels, and attenuated the action potential firing of superior cervical ganglion neurons. Further experiments using the rapamycin-recruitable phosphatase Sac1 to hydrolyze PI(4)P and the P4M probe to visualize PI(4)P suggested that PI(4)P levels increased after myo-inositol supplementation with SMIT1 expression. Elevated relative levels of PIP and PIP2 were directly confirmed using mass spectrometry. Inositol trisphosphate production and release of calcium from intracellular stores also were augmented after myo-inositol supplementation. Finally, we found that treatment with a hypertonic solution mimicked the effect we observed with SMIT1 overexpression, whereas silencing tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein prevented these effects. These results show that ion channel function and cellular excitability are under regulation by several "physiological" manipulations that alter the PI(4,5)P2 setpoint. We demonstrate a previously unrecognized linkage between extracellular osmotic changes and the electrical properties of excitable cells.
Generalizability Theory With One-Facet Nonadditive Models:

In generalizability theory (G theory), one-facet models are specified to be additive, which is equivalent to the assumption that subject-by-facet interaction effects are absent. In this article, the authors first derive estimators of variance components (VCs) for nonadditive models and show that, in some cases, they are different from their counterparts in additive models. The authors then demonstrate and later confirm with a simulation study that when the subject-by-facet interaction exists, but the additive-model formulas are used, the VC of subjects is underestimated. Consequently, generalizability coefficients are also underestimated. Thus, depending on the nature of interaction effects, an appropriate model, either additive or nonadditive, should be used in applications of G theory. The nonadditive G theory developed in this article generalizes current G theory and uses data at hand to determine when additive or nonadditive models should be used to estimate VCs. Finally, the implications of the findings are discussed in light of an analysis of real data.
SELF-REGULATION AND ITS FAILURE: THE SEVEN DEADLY THREATS TO SELF-REGULATION

If in each human life we count up what should be credited to the account of automatism, of habit, of the passions, and above all of imitation, we shall see that the number of acts that are purely voluntary, in the strict sense of the word, is very small. . . . Between the habits which render it useless and the maladies that mutilate or destroy it, the will as we have said above, must be taken as a happy accident. (Ribot, 1884, p. )
Connecting Organizational Change Content with Change Strategy: Has Theory Become Practice?

Abstract Much has been theorized about what change strategies to employ given particular types of organizational change. Organizational theorists have linked participative strategies with culture change, strategies based on logic and reason with new technology implementations, and power strategies with the introduction of new laws and legislation. However, to what degree are these suggested recommendations carried out in organizations? In this paper, we explored the extent to which change recipients perceive the use of theorist recommended strategies when undergoing specific types of organizational changes. Using survey research (N = 88), we investigated the perceived relationship between two components of change: change content and change strategy. The results partially follow the ideals proposed by previous theorists, but they also highlight a significant relationship between power-coercive strategies and episodic change events that is contrary to those ideals. For practitioners, our findings draw attention to the connection between change content and change strategy in the hope of offering some guidance to those change agents who must determine how to lead a particular change initiative. Additionally, since our investigation is original and exploratory, we incite future research aimed at understanding the congruency between change content and change strategy formulation.
A Knowledge-Based Assistant for Valve Maintenance Planning

A knowledge-based program is being developed to assist engineers in maintenance planning for safety related, motor-operated valves at a boiling water reactor. The purpose of this project is to develop the general framework for a prototype system that will demonstrate the capabilities for diagnosing valve symptoms and prescribing corrective maintenance, completing a portion of the Corrective Maintenance Action Request (CMAR) form which must be prepared for each job, and managing an interactive valve data base. Minimizing user input and providing output in a form that is familiar to the maintenance planning engineer are important goals for the program. This paper describes the present features of the valve maintenance advisory system which is currently being tested.
Effect of Heat Transfer from Ambient on Cryogenic Heat Exchanger Performance

Heat exchangers used in cryogenic applications operate at significantly different temperatures from ambient and, as a result of this temperature difference, there is always some heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the environment. This heat transfer can result in serious deterioration of the heat exchanger performance. The effect must be considered in the design of liquefaction systems and cryogenic refrigeration systems, because the heat exchanger effectiveness must be greater than approximately 95 percent for these systems to achieve reasonable liquid yields or refrigeration effects1.
Nativistic Movements: Comparative and Causal

When nativism is defined as a social movement which aims to reinstate a past way of life, it is possible to identify cases of nativism ranging from the Taiping Rebellion to the present day Taliban. This ideal type is further defined for the Middle East countries by indicators such as the imposition of sharia law, the goal of theocratic governance, zero-sum conflicts with multiple enemies, and the aim of subverting secular states. A new explanation draws on a hypothesis that sociologists have explored in various forms over the last half century. It sees nativism as the reaction of weak states to existential threat, especially the “rights revolution” which is spreading around the world.