cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Postclassic Mesoamerican World System.

Compte-rendu de la conference qui s'est tenue en 1999 a l'Universite du Michigan sur le theme de la Meso-Amerique post-classique. L'objectif principal etait d'elaborer une nouvelle synthese sur les dynamiques culturelle, politique et economique de la societe de cette epoque.
The Carupano area and its relation to the tectonics of northeastern Venezuela

The Venezuelan Coast Range in the vicinity of Carupano is lithologically and technically similar to the mountainous belt of low grade metamorphic rocks lying south of Caracas. Phyllites and slightly metamorphosed limestones in both areas show evidence of southward thrusting and overfolding. Along the coast north of Caracas and on the island of Margarita the metamorphic rocks have been overturned to the north. The coast ranges are believed to be part of a two-sided orogen with a northeasterly trending axis which passes south of Caracas and between Margarita and the mainland. Both metamorphics and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks are extensively faulted. West of El Pilar a system of northwesterly striking faults or fissures localizes hot springs and sulphur deposits; one such fault separates the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks from metamorphic rocks. Available evidence indicates that the Cretaceous sediments are not composed of detritus eroded from the low grade metamorphics of the Coast Range. Furthermore, these sediments are nowhere known to be in sedimentary contact with the Coast Range rocks. In the Carupano area, at least, it seems probable that the phyllites and limestones of the Coast Range have been thrust and overfolded southward toward and perhaps onto the Cretaceous sediments, though the present contact appears to be a large fault or series of faults upthrown relatively on the south side.
Privileged Advocates: Disability and Education Policy in the USA.

Since the establishment of educational rights for children with disabilities in the 1970s, special education in the US has included a growing share of students and has constituted an ever-growing share of education budgets. Previous research has focused on the disproportionate assignment to special education of low-income and minority students, concluding that special education mainly reproduces social disadvantages. This article argues that privileged parents – by virtue of their ability to navigate complex legal and scientific practices and discourses that are seen as guarantees of fairness and neutrality in special education – are able to secure advantageous resources for their children through special education. Through analysis of the distribution and content of ‘due process' hearing requests in the California special education system, this article shows how advocacy in this part of the system depends on parents' cultural and economic capital. Specifically, reimbursement claims in due process hearing...
Phosphorescent Nanocluster Light-Emitting Diodes

Devices utilizing an entirely new class of earth abundant, inexpensive phosphorescent emitters based on metal-halide nanoclusters are reported. Light-emitting diodes with tunable performance are demonstrated by varying cation substitution to these nanoclusters. Theoretical calculations provide insight about the nature of the phosphorescent emitting states, which involves a strong pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion.
Maternal-Cord Blood Vitamin D Correlations Vary by Maternal Levels

Vitamin D levels of pregnant women and their neonates tend to be related; however, it is unknown whether there are any subgroups in which they are not related. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in prenatal maternal and child cord blood samples of participants ( pairs) in a birth cohort. Spearman correlations were examined within subgroups defined by prenatal and delivery factors. Cord blood as a percentage of prenatal 25(OH)D level was calculated and characteristics compared between those who did and did not have ≥25% and ≥50% of the maternal level and those who did and did not have a detectable 25(OH)D level. The correlation among Black children was lower than in White children. When the maternal 25(OH)D level was . Most children had a 25(OH)D cord blood level less than half of their mother’s; 15.4% had a level that was <25% of their mother’s. Winter birth and maternal level were associated with the level being less than 25%. Children with undetectable levels were more likely to be Black and less likely to be firstborn. These data suggest mothers may reduce their contribution to the fetus’s 25(OH)D supply once their own level becomes low.
Legislating language in the name of national unity: An Oklahoma story

Concerns over demographic shifts continue to result in legislative disputes at all levels of government. These conflicts, whether challenging the creation of congressional districts that attempt to...
TWO NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL CHRYSOBALANACEAE

Two new species of Chrysobalanaceae from recent collections are described, discussed and illustrated:Couepia nutans, an upland species from the Andes in El Valle, Colombia, andLicania anneae, a lowland species from the Tapajos River basin of Amazonian Brazil.
Can Dietary Nitrate Supplements Improve Tolerance to Hypoxia

This article is a review of the rationale and methodology of a translational study conducted at altitude investigating the potential role of nitrate supplements to improve tolerance to hypoxia, and...
Zeta Potential and Electric Nature Transformation of Bentonite

Several kinds of bentonite and cuttingsξpotentials are tested,and the results show that the bentonite's negativeζpotential is much higher than the cuttings.After some chemical modifications to the bentonite,the surface potential is changed to the zero potential or positive potential.From the laboratory experiments,some conclusions can be generalized as following:the low-valence inorganic ion and non-ionic polymer can decrease the negative potential of the bentonite but cannot transform the negative to positive;a bit of organic cation can transform the negative to positive;Al~(3+) has the adsorption effect to the bentonite;MMH and bentonite particle can form composite that can transform the potential of bentonite;nonionic polymer and water molecular can form electric doublet that can make polymer molecular penetrate the outer layer of the double-electrode-layer to neutralize the negative charge on the surface of bentonite.
Epigenetic Modifications in Neurological Diseases: Natural Products as Epigenetic Modulators a Treatment Strategy

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and small noncoding RNAs, play a key role in regulating the gene expression. This regulatory mechanism is important in cellular differentiation and development. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics extended the role of epigenetic mechanisms in controlling key biological processes such as genome imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications are associated with the development of many diseases. The role of epigenetic modifications in various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is rapidly emerging. The use of epigenetic modifying drugs to treat these diseases has been the interest in recent years. A number of natural products having diverse mechanism of action are used for drug discovery. For many years, natural compounds have been used to treat various neurodegenerative diseases, but the use of such compounds as epigenetic modulators to reverse or treat neurological diseases are not well studied. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how various epigenetic modifications play a key role in neurodegenerative diseases, their mechanism of action, and how it acts as a potential therapeutic target for epigenetic drugs to treat these diseases will be discussed.
ATP-Hydrolysing Treg in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Abstract 4255 We have previously shown that the frequency and suppressor function of regulatory T cells (Treg) is increased in newly-diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show that CD4+CD39+ ATP-hydrolyzing T cells are involved in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine and that this mechanism of suppression characterizes Treg present in the blood and bone marrow of AML patients. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were obtained from AML patients prior to any treatment (n=20) and healthy controls (NC, n=20). The frequency and phenotype as well as cytokine profiles of CD4+CD39+ T cells were determined using multicolor flow cytometry, real-time PCR and western blots. Adenosine production was measured by mass spectrometry. Co-cultures of CD4+CD39+ Treg with conventional T cells were tested for suppression of proliferation. In NC and patients with AML, CD4+CD39+ Treg contained two subsets of ATP-hydrolyzing T cells in equal proportions ( Fig.1 ): FOXP3+CD25+ and FOXP3negCD25neg.Both subsets were increased in frequency (p Fig.2 ). In the presence of other immune cells or exosomes positive for CD73 (hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine) both subsets produced immunosuppressive adenosine. In co-cultures, CD4+CD39+FOXP3negCD25neg T cells converted to FOXP3+CD25+ T cells. Download : Download high-res image (22KB) Download : Download full-size image Our data suggest that Treg with the ability to produce adenosine are a major subset of suppressor cells in the blood and bone marrow of AML patients. Co-culture experiments indicate that the ability of these cells to suppress immune responses is regulated at the level of FOXP3 and CD25 expression by factors present in their microenvironment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Direct measurement of the ballistic motion of a freely floating colloid in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids

A thermal colloid suspended in a liquid will transition from a short-time ballistic motion to a long-time diffusive motion. However, the transition between ballistic and diffusive motion is highly dependent on the properties and structure of the particular liquid. We directly observe a free floating tracer particle's ballistic motion and its transition to the long-time regime in both a Newtonian fluid and a viscoelastic Maxwell fluid. We examine the motion of the free particle in a Newtonian fluid and demonstrate a high degree of agreement with the accepted Clercx-Schram model for motion in a dense fluid. Measurements of the functional form of the ballistic-to-diffusive transition provide direct measurements of the temperature, viscosity, and tracer radius. We likewise measure the motion in a viscoelastic Maxwell fluid and find a significant disagreement between the theoretical asymptotic behavior and our measured values of the microscopic properties of the fluid. We observe a greatly increased effective mass for a freely moving particle and a decreased plateau modulus.
Reducing Directly Connected Impervious Areas with Green Stormwater Infrastructure

AbstractThe emerging field of urban watershed protection often lacks a unifying goal to guide the efforts of many of its multidisciplined participants—planners, engineers, landscape architects, sci...
Attitudes Toward Mass Arrivals: Variations by Racial, Spatial, and Temporal Distances to Incoming Disaster Evacuees*

Objective Disasters can send large numbers of evacuees into new contexts of reception, where attitudes toward them can vary significantly by perceived social distance. To conventional assessment of such distance along racial lines, we add spatial and temporal distance from point of central arrival. Methods A novel research design combines the natural experiment triggered by Hurricane Katrina with five consecutive Kinder Houston Area Surveys (2006–2010), which gather data on attitudes toward arrived evacuees as well as tract‐level data on residential context. Results Regression analyses reveal that spatial and temporal distance act similarly to racial distance in predicting negative attitudes toward evacuees. Results also show these effects are moderated by the racial context of incumbents’ residential neighborhoods. Conclusions Social distance exerts a multifaceted influence on evacuee reception in ways that become especially pertinent in the arrival of communities from large‐scale, urban evacuations.
Towards Distributed Cyberinfrastructure for Smart Cities Using Big Data and Deep Learning Technologies

Recent advances in big data and deep learning technologies have enabled researchers across many disciplines to gain new insight into large and complex data. For example, deep neural networks are being widely used to analyze various types of data including images, videos, texts, and time-series data. In another example, various disciplines such as sociology, social work, and criminology are analyzing crowd-sourced and online social network data using big data technologies to gain new insight from a plethora of data. Even though many different types of data are being generated and analyzed in various domains, the development of distributed city-level cyberinfrastructure for effectively integrating such data to generate more value and gain insights is still not well-addressed in the research literature. In this paper, we present our current efforts and ultimate vision to build distributed cyberinfrastructure which integrates big data and deep learning technologies with a variety of data for enhancing public safety and livability in cites. We also introduce several methodologies and applications that we are developing on top of the cyberinfrastructure to support diverse community stakeholders in cities.
Closing Direct Appeal to Ineffectiveness Claims: The Pennsylvania Supreme Court's Denial of State Constitutional Rights

The article addresses an important issue involving rights protected by the Pennsylvania Constitution. Today, thousands of defendants in Pennsylvania are denied any opportunity to challenge their convictions on the grounds that their trial lawyer was ineffective. This occurs even though the Pennsylvania Constitution guarantees every defendant the right to direct appeal. The fact that an increasingly large number of defendants are without a remedy to protect their right to effective assistance of counsel at trial is the result of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s decision to bar direct appeals of claims of trial counsel ineffectiveness and instead, defer such claims to the statutory post-conviction process which is closed to defendants who are no longer in custody. If a defendant receives a sentence of short duration, increasingly common in Pennsylvania (more than 14,000 sentences imposed in 2009 were for less than one year), and the defendant completes his sentence while direct appeal or the post-conviction process is pending, the defendant has no remedy to challenge the effectiveness of trial counsel. The attached article argues that the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s decision in O’Berg to reject an exception to the rule closing direct appeal to ineffectiveness claims for defendants who receive sentences of short duration unconstitutionally denies such defendants their rights under the Pennsylvania Constitution to direct appeal and to due process and equal protection of the laws. Simply put, the judiciary exceeds its rule making authority under the Pennsylvania Constitution when it deprives defendants with short sentences of the constitutional right to appeal if there is no alternative procedure for review of ineffectiveness claims available. Because defendants with short sentences have a constitutional right to a post-trial forum to present their claims of trial counsel ineffectiveness, the article argues that until a short-sentence exception to the deferral rule is recognized, defendants with short sentences are entitled to present their ineffectiveness claims to the trial court by petition for writ of coram nobis. The article further argues that defendants unable to obtain state court review of their ineffectiveness claims should seek declaratory relief in a civil rights action on grounds that Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s rule of deferral unconstitutionally restricts their right under the Pennsylvania Constitution to direct appeal.
How Can I Tell A Pyramid Scheme From A Legitimate Multilevel Opportunity

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_histall Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, and the Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons Warning: The information in this series may be obsolete. It is presented here for historical purposes only. For the most up to date information please visit The Utah State University Cooperative Extension Office
Abstract B095: Mapping the genetic features of immune checkpoint responsiveness using AAV-CRISPR mediated in vivo screen

Immune checkpoint blockade has achieved tremendous clinical success across many tumor types, but fails to induce clinical responses in many patients. The mechanisms underlying checkpoint resistance remain poorly characterized. Recent studies have applied next generation sequencing techniques to catalog the mutational burden of patient tumors, which provides a wealth of data to determine common mutations. To map the genetic features of response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy as well as correlating the clinical efficacy with certain mutations, we developed a novel direct in vivo CRISPR screening approach for high-throughput profiling of functional cancer drivers in an autochthonous manner by injecting AAVs carrying an sgRNA library targeting the top 50 TCGA pan-cancer recurrently mutated tumor suppressor genes (mTSG) into the immunocompetent Cas9 transgenic mice. All mice that received the AAV-mTSG library developed liver cancer and died within four months. We then utilized MIP sequencing of sgRNA target sites to chart the mutational landscape of these tumors, revealing the functional consequence of multiple variants in driving liver tumorigenesis as well as identifying specific gene pairs that were co-occurring across mice. Using this approach, we also mapped the mutation landscape changes under the pressures of immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4. We monitored liver tumor growth in AAV-mTSG injected LSL-Cas9;LSL-Fluc mice by using intravital bioluminescent imaging system (IVIS) in combination with dissection check before drug administration. Using IVIS data, we grouped them into 3 size-matched cohorts to receive anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 treatments or PBS control. According to the survival data, the mice with mTSG-induced liver tumor benefit from anti-PD1 or anti-CLTA4 treatment. By comparing the mutation frequencies of liver tumors in the mice receiving either checkpoint inhibitors or PBS treatment, we mapped the mutation landscape changes associated with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 treatment. We are performing validation studies on top targets such as Arid1a, Stk11, and B2M. Using this approach, we systematically mapped the correlation of these top 50 driver mutations with cancer immune evasion and immunotherapy responsiveness, providing a valuable reference for patient stratification when considering immunotherapy as well as novel targets for synergistic interventions. Citation Format: Guangchuan Wang, Ryan Chow, Zhigang Bai, Lupeng Ye, Sidi Chen. Mapping the genetic features of immune checkpoint responsiveness using AAV-CRISPR mediated in vivo screen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B095.
Modeling traffic barriers crash severity by considering the effect of traffic barrier dimensions

Traffic barriers are in widespread all around the USA as safety countermeasures for reducing the severity of run-off-road crashes. The effect of traffic barriers’ dimension had been ignored in past real-world crash studies due to the considerable cost and time needed for collecting field data. This paper presented two new analytical models to investigate the effect of different variables on the severity of crashes involving traffic barriers, and end treatments. For this reason, a field survey was conducted on over 1.3 million linear feet of traffic barriers (approximately 4,176 miles road) in Wyoming to measure traffic barriers’ geometric features like height, length, offset, and slope rate. The collected data included 55% of all non-interstate roads of Wyoming. Based on results, the crashes involving box beam barriers were less severe than the crashes involved with W-beam or concrete barriers. The traffic barriers with a height between 28 and 31 in. were found safer than the traffic barriers shorter than 28 in., while there was no significant difference between the traffic barriers taller than 31 in. to those shorter than 28 in. in terms of crash severity. The end treatments located nearer to the traffic lane had lower crash severity.
Research on Retrofitting Scheme of Merging Unit and Intelligent Terminal in 500kV Smart Substation

At present, many of the merging units and intelligent terminals used in smart substations that in operation in China are defective and unqualified products, bringing security hidden troubles to power grid. So It is urgently needed to replace them with qualified equipments which through professional testing. Nowadays, power users are demanding higher and higher reliability of power supply, so it is quite necessary to carry out retrofitting under the minimum outage mode, 500kV substation in particular, the retrofitting by large area outage is nearly impossible. Regarding this, the article combines the retrofitting situation of merging unit and intelligent terminal in 500kV smart substation, and studies the safe and feasible minimum blackout mode and the security risk under this mode, meanwhile, puts forward the principles and schemes of implementing security measures for these security risks.
La utilidad de los conocimientos inútiles

Abraham Flexner, intellectual promoter of the Institute of Advanced Studies of Princeton and who was its director between 1930 and 1939, published this writing days after the start of World War II, when irrational hatred threatened civilization, as democracy threatens today under the ultra rational impulse of immediate utility. In this paper Flexner points out that the intellectual and spiritual life - appropriate of the centers where knowledge is sought and cultivated - is a useless form of activity that provides greater satisfactions than they would otherwise obtain. And it shows that the search for stories satisfactions is an unexpected source of utility. The author argues that in the history of science the great discoverers have not been motivated by the desire to be useful but to satisfy their curiosity. Today, when the search for practical and immediate utility enjoys the widest acceptance, it is still relevant to ask if you can have a full life if you continue to suppress the elements that give it spiritual meaning, and if our conception of what is useful does not It is even narrower than in the Flexner era. Although these questions do not appear on the agenda of those who trace and follow, consciously or unconsciously, current educational and scientific policies.
Delivery Room Temperature at 74 degree F can achieve the Normothermia in extremely low birth weight infants: A single unit multidisciplinary QI project.

Background: Normothermia (36.5-37.5 C) in Extremely Low Birth Weight ( ELBW) is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality, decreased length of stay and hospital costs. However, maintaining normothermia soon after birth is difficult due to heat loss secondary to large surface area, lower delivery room ( DR) temperatures preferred by delivery room staff and heat loss during transport from delivery room to the NICU. There is no consensus about DR/ Operating Room (OR) temperature. WHO in 1997 recommended DR/OR temperature of 25 C …
Increased emotional eating behaviors in children with autism: Sex differences and links with dietary variety:

Although food selectivity and so-called “picky” eating are well documented in autism spectrum disorder, emotion-linked eating has rarely been investigated. This study examined emotion-linked over- ...
Compartment-specific transcriptomics of ozone-exposed murine lungs reveals sex- and cell type-associated perturbations relevant to mucoinflammatory lung diseases.

Ozone is known to cause lung injury, and resident cells of the respiratory tract (i.e., epithelial cells and macrophages) respond to inhaled ozone in a variety of ways that affect their survival, m...
Measurement of the Viscosity of Nitrogen and Steam

ABSTRACT This paper presents the viscosity values obtained by the author from a closed circuit capillary viscometer. The viscosity of nitrogen was measured at room temperature and pressures in the range 10 – 117 kg/cm2. In this range, the viscosity of nitrogen is known to a greater degree of precision than can be obtained from the present apparatus and, by comparison with these known values, it was possible to determine that the apparatus was not subject to any appreciable systematic errors, i.e., other than those considered in the evaluation of the standard deviation. An independent check has, therefore, been provided for the viscosity values previously obtained for steam. Viscosity values were also obtained for nitrogen near the 327 C isotherm and at pressures in the range 13 – 100 kg/cm2. These results show that, with minor modifications, the apparatus is suitable for measuring the viscosity of gases at high temperatures and pressures. It is believed that the standard deviation of the steam results is ±1.5% and of the nitrogen results ±1.1%.
Neutral currents and quark mass ratio m u m d =m s m c in an SU(2)×U(1)×U(1) model

It is proposed that the relationship $\frac{{m}_{u}}{{m}_{d}}=\frac{{m}_{s}}{{m}_{c}}$ is a zeroth-order relationship of the spontaneously broken Lagrangian. This relationship is achieved by a symmetry which exchanges fields of different charges, and SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) is the smallest extension of SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) by which one can implement such an exchange symmetry. Extended to leptons, the scheme achieves $\frac{{m}_{e}}{{m}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}}\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{{m}_{d}}{{m}_{c}}=\frac{{m}_{u}}{{m}_{s}}$ in a natural way. Limited to light quarks and leptons and the Higgs particles to which they couple, the model considered has identical neutral-current parametrization to the standard Weinberg-Salam model. When heavy quarks and leptons are introduced, and an extra Higgs field is added to provide their masses, the neutral-current parametrization is modified. The limit to the Weinberg-Salam case is discussed. Various sets of parameter values can be chosen which provide an adequate description of neutrino scattering data, polarized electron scattering from deuterium, and any one of the results of the different atomic parity violation experiments in bismuth.
Using Natural Language Processing to Measure and Improve Quality of Diabetes Care: A Systematic Review:

Background:Real-world evidence research plays an increasingly important role in diabetes care. However, a large fraction of real-world data are “locked” in narrative format. Natural language proces...
Text as a nowing: Towards an understanding of time in rhetoric

In this essay, I redefine a conception of text as a nowing. Resisting the linear argumentative form of the scholarly journal article, I opt for an internal dialogue as a form of argumentation. The ...
Targeting the Apoa1 locus for liver-directed gene therapy

Clinical application of somatic genome editing requires therapeutics that are generalizable to a broad range of patients. Targeted insertion of promoterless transgenes can ensure that edits are permanent and broadly applicable while minimizing risks of off-target integration. In the liver, the Albumin (Alb) locus is currently the only well-characterized site for promoterless transgene insertion. Here, we target the Apoa1 locus with adeno-associated viral (AAV) delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 and achieve rates of 6% to 16% of targeted hepatocytes, with no evidence of toxicity. We further show that the endogenous Apoa1 promoter can drive robust and sustained expression of therapeutic proteins, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE), dramatically reducing plasma lipids in a model of hypercholesterolemia. Finally, we demonstrate that Apoa1-targeted fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) can correct and rescue the severe metabolic liver disease hereditary tyrosinemia type I. In summary, we identify and validate Apoa1 as a novel integration site that supports durable transgene expression in the liver for gene therapy applications.
The reporting rates of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and their human papillomavirus testing and histologic follow-up results: A comparison between ThinPrep and SurePath preparations

BACKGROUND Liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests SurePath (SP) and ThinPrep (TP) have largely replaced conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for cervical cytology screening due to higher sensitivity. However, comparison between SP and TP test sensitivity and efficacy in detecting squamous abnormalities is lacking. Our study aims to compare high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) reporting rates, human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity rates, and histologic outcome between these two LBC methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective search of the period between January 2014 and June 2017, when both TP and SP were utilized at our institution, to identify HSIL cases and collect the HPV testing and histologic follow-up results for those cases. RESULTS One hundred twenty-five HSILs were identified from the 15 382 TP specimens (0.81%) and 93 HSILs were identified from the 25 105 SP specimens (0.37%), a statistically significant difference (P < .0001). The corresponding HPV positivity rates were 95.6% and 89.7% in TP-HSILs and SP-HSILs, respectively, a statistically non-significant difference. Histologic follow-up showed HSILs or carcinomas were identified in 78% (49/63) of TP-HSILs and 79% (45/57) of SP-HSILs, with no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION TP demonstrated a higher HSIL detection rate than SP with no significant difference in follow-up HPV or histologic results.
An update on surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pathologic hemorrhoids are common among adults age 45–65. Hemorrhoids are characterized as internal or external, and grades 1–4 based on severity. The type and grade dictate treatment, with surgical treatment reserved for grades 3/4. The aim of this study is to compare clinical outcomes of various surgical treatments. A systematic review was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials that compare surgical treatments for grade 3/4 hemorrhoids. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was done using NetMetaXL and WinBUGS. A total of 26 studies with 3137 participants and 14 surgical treatments for grade 3/4 hemorrhoids were included. Pain was less in patients with techniques such as laser (OR 0.34, CI 0.01–6.51), infrared photocoagulation (OR 0.38, CI 0.02–5.61), and stapling (OR 0.48, CI 0.19–1.25), compared to open and closed hemorrhoidectomies. There was less recurrence with Starion (OR 0.01, CI 0.00–0.46) and harmonic scalpel (OR 0.00, CI 0.00–0.49), compared to infrared photocoagulation and transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization. Fewer postoperative clinical complications were seen with infrared photocoagulation (OR 0.04, CI 0.00–2.54) and LigaSure (OR 0.16, CI 0.03–0.79), compared to suture ligation and open hemorrhoidectomy. With Doppler-guided (OR 0.26, CI 0.05–1.51) and stapled (OR 0.36, CI 0.15–0.84) techniques, patients return to work earlier when compared to open hemorrhoidectomy and laser. There are multiple favorable techniques without a clear “gold standard” based on current literature. Open discussion should be had between patients and physicians to guide individualized care.
Interactions between semaphorins and plexin-neuropilin receptor complexes in the membranes of live cells.

Signaling of semaphorin ligands via their plexin–neuropilin receptors is involved in tissue patterning in the developing embryo. These proteins play roles in cell migration and adhesion but are also important in disease etiology, including in cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. While some structures of the soluble domains of these receptors have been determined, the conformations of the full-length receptor complexes are just beginning to be elucidated, especially within the context of the plasma membrane. Pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy allows direct insight into the formation of protein–protein interactions in the membranes of live cells. Here, we investigated the homodimerization of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), plexin A2, plexin A4, and plexin D1 using pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Consistent with previous studies, we found that Nrp1, plexin A2, and plexin A4 are present as dimers in the absence of exogenous ligand. Plexin D1, on the other hand, was monomeric under similar conditions, which had not been previously reported. We also found that plexin A2 and A4 assemble into a heteromeric complex. Stimulation with semaphorin 3A or semaphorin 3C neither disrupts nor enhances the dimerization of the receptors when expressed alone, suggesting that activation involves a conformational change rather than a shift in the monomer–dimer equilibrium. However, upon stimulation with semaphorin 3C, plexin D1 and Nrp1 form a heteromeric complex. This analysis of interactions provides a complementary approach to the existing structural and biochemical data that will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies to target these receptors in cancer.
A New Horizon: Training the Radiology Nurse of the Future

Abstract The literature is clear regarding the gap between retiring baby boomer nurses and new nurses entering the profession. Fewer nurses, together with the growing number of minimally invasive image-guided procedures, are major challenges for meeting the future demands of radiology nursing. How do we engage students, introduce the field of radiology to students, and begin to prepare the next generation of radiology nurses? This article discusses the planning phase of a creatively designed radiology immersion experience (RIE) for undergraduate nursing students, which includes both didactic course work and phased-in clinical experiences. Developed by faculty from an undergraduate baccalaureate nursing program and administrators from a large metropolitan teaching hospital in the Midwest, RIE is aimed at providing an innovative approach to learning and generating interest in radiology nursing as a future career path.
Is Therapeutic Hypothermia Beneficial for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest?

Therapeutic mild hypothermia after out of hospital cardiac arrest lowers cellular metabolism and oxygen consumption. The positive effect on survival and neurological outcome was demonstrated initially by a multicenter randomized controlled trial in 2002, but was was not reproduced by a recent larger trial. It appears that the previously observed beneficial effects where due to hyperthermia avoidance rather than hypothermia itself.
Spermatogénèse des animaux révélée par le microscope électronique

Les tissus, fixes par l'acide osmique, des testicules de Gelastorrhinus bicoler de Haan et de Cipangopaludina malleata ont ete observes au moyen du microscope electronique. Dans le spermatocyte de deuxieme ordre de la sauterelle, les mitochondries jouent un role capital pour la division reductrice, mais dans le spermatocyte anormal de Cipangopaludina malleata, l'ergastoplasme semble participer au mecanisme de la division. Dans la division du spermatocyte anormal de Cipangopaludina malleata, les chromosomes et les groupes de granules qui apparaissent dans le cytoplasme et qui comprennent du DNA se separent, independamment les uns des autres, en deux cellules-filles. Les granules semblent degenerer peu apres la division. Lorsque le Nebenkern se forme dans la spermatide de la sauterelle, les mitochondries perdent leurs cretes et leurs membranes mitochondriales. Le Nebenkern est rempli de matrice d'une densite opaque et ne contient aucune crete. L'ultrastructure du Nebenkern et de son derivatif differe selon les especes animales.
Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures, Part I—Uniaxial Tensile and Pure Torsional Fatigue

Recently, a considerable amount of interest has been generated in cryogenic engineering applications of fiber-reinforced composites.1–3 The ability of composite materials to withstand cyclic stresses at cryogenic temperatures is of crucial importance in their suitability for such applications. Since this is a new development in the field of composite material technology, very limited information concerning this critical material issue is currently available. In this research, uniaxial tensile and pure torsional fatigue studies were conducted on the NEMA/ASTM G-10 composite laminates in a cryogenic environment.
Molecular and Supramolecular Arrays of the [Re6(μ3‐Se)8]2+ Core‐Containing Clusters

Transition metal clusters are a unique class of chemical substances. Not only do they have well-defined molecular structures, they also exhibit interesting and potentially useful properties that are inherent to metal–metal bonded species. In this contribution, our efforts in developing synthetic methodologies necessary to bring a cluster system out of the limited sphere of fundamental cluster chemistry and into general synthetic applicability are summarized. Specifically, we have explored the uses of site-differentiated cluster complexes of the [Re6(μ3-Se)8]2+ core as stereospecific building blocks for supramolecular construction. A great variety of cluster-supported molecular and supramolecular architectures have been realized. These include Tinkertoy-like molecular cluster arrays featuring cluster units bridged by multitopic ligands and supramolecular assemblies of clusters engineered via hydrogen bonding and metal–ligand coordination. Some of these nanoscopic cluster-containing systems display rather interesting electronic and spectroscopic properties and, therefore, hold great potential in developing molecule-based electronic and optical materials. The work therefore marks the beginning of what promises to be an exciting new chapter in cluster chemistry. Keywords: nanomaterials; supramolecular chemistry; metal clusters; building blocks; metallodendrimers; self-assembly; synthetic methodology; coordination polymers
In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 conditional knockout mouse model.

Purpose MR spectroscopy (MRS) can improve diagnosis and follow treatment in cancer. However, no study has yet reported application of in vivo 1H-MRS in malignant pancreatic lesions. This study quantitatively determined whether in vivo 1H-MRS on multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Men1) conditional knockout (KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates could detect differences in total choline (tCho) levels between tumor and control pancreas. Methods Relative tCho levels in pancreatic tumors or pancreata from KO and WT mice were determined using in vivo 1H-MRS at 9.4 T. The levels of Cho-containing compounds were also quantified using in vitro 1H-NMR on extracts of pancreatic tissues from KO and WT mice, respectively, and on extracts of pancreatic tissues from patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Results tCho levels measured by in vivo 1H-MRS were significantly higher in PNETs from KO mice compared to the normal pancreas from WT mice. The elevated choline-containing compounds were also identified in pancreatic tumors from KO mice and tissues from patients with PNETs via in vitro 1H-NMR. Conclusion These results indicate the potential use of tCho levels estimated via in vivo 1H-MRS in differentiating malignant pancreatic tumors from benign tumors. Magn Reson Med 74:1221–1226, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Who's Responsible?: The Field Liability Dilemma

Abstract This paper explores the growing tendency toward formality and legalism in social work field education. The findings of a national study of “field training agreements” is presented. It is the contention of the authors, that the more explicit the Curriculum Policy Statement and the Accreditation Standards become, in relation to the field component of the curriculum—the closer and more complex becomes the relationship between educational institutions and the practice community. This complexity, as well as the evolving legal climate—with concerns over liability—naturally leads to greater formality. Such formality has the potential for strengthening the university/field agency relationship or destroying it.
Time‐dispersed ion signatures observed in the Martian magnetosphere by MAVEN

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission's (MAVEN) high-cadence measurements reveal the frequent occurrence of ion energy dispersion events inside the Martian magnetosphere. The systematics of observed dispersion signatures suggest time dispersion of a broad source spectrum over a flight distance of a few thousand kilometers and disfavor mechanisms involving spatial dispersion. Pickup of heavy planetary ions in strong variable electric fields provides one potential mechanism that could produce the observed time dispersion signatures. The periodicity of many observed dispersion signatures, with frequencies near the upstream proton cyclotron frequency, suggests a possible role for low-frequency plasma waves in accelerating the observed ions from a source near the induced magnetospheric boundary to the observation location inside the magnetospheric tail lobes. The observed dispersion signatures may provide a new way to track the flow of energy from the upstream region through the magnetosphere and the role of waves in driving the escape of ions from the atmosphere.
Genetics of Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) are closely related neuroendocrine tumours of the chromaffin tissues of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These rare tumours have a strong genetic component, with underlying germline and somatic mutations in one of 17 genes found in approximately 50%. Clinical presentations of PHEO/PGL vary based on the affected gene, and understanding these differences can help guide genetic testing, an important part of PHEO/PGL patient management. Despite the differences in presentation and gene function, all 17 genes may affect a single pathway. Particularly, recent proposals have focused on hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) as key players in PHEO/PGL, due to the known pseudohypoxic environment found in these tumours and the central role played by HIFs in cellular processes. By linking the susceptibility genes to a central potential therapeutic target like HIF, new treatment methods could soon be introduced to improve the outcomes of PHEO/PGL patients. Key Concepts: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas have the strongest genetic component of any endocrine tumour; half or more are linked to germline and somatic mutations in 17 genes. The clinical presentations associated with each gene vary, particularly with regard to tumour location, multiplicity, biochemical phenotype, average patient age at diagnosis and risk of metastases. Genetic testing is an essential component of PHEO/PGL management, but can be costly and time-consuming; newer techniques to resolve these limitations are being explored. Messenger RNA expression profiles can help broadly classify PHEO/PGL into two well-established clusters based on their broader mechanistic errors. Additional clustering mechanisms are being proposed based on other analyses, including miRNA, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic studies. Beyond clustering, unifying theories to link PHEO/PGL susceptibility genes have been proposed to link all 17 genes to a common signalling pathway, focusing particularly on the processes of apoptosis and hypoxia response. Identifying common targets between the genes could aid in the identification of novel treatment strategies for patients with these rare neuroendocrine tumours. Keywords: genetics; pheochromocytoma; paraganglioma; hypoxia; hypoxia-inducible factors; succinate dehydrogenase
Differences in anger expression between individuals with and without headache after controlling for depression and anxiety.

Objective.—To evaluate whether anger and anger expression are different between persons with and without headache after controlling for depression and anxiety. Background.—Persons with headache may experience more problems with anger and its expression when compared with persons without headache. It is important to establish whether differences exist for persons with and without headache on trait anger and anger expression independent of depression and anxiety. To date, however, this issue has received little attention in the empirical literature. The current study measured trait anger, anger-in, hostility, anxiety, and depression among persons with and without headache, and evaluated whether trait anger and anger-in differentiated groups independent of depression and anxiety. Methods.—Participants were 422 adults recruited from a larger study within a university setting. Of those, 171 suffered from headache (mean age, 21 years; 81% were female; 69% were white; mean years with pain, 7.53). Another 251 sex-matched individuals (mean age, 21 years; 81% female; 62% white) met criteria for the headache-free group. Participants provided information regarding their headache characteristics and were administered affective trait measures (Trait version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory-Depression), trait anger measures (Trait Anger Scale, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale), and a measure of the extent to which individuals hold their anger in. Results.—Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the 2 groups (Wilks λ = .86, P < .001, η2 = .14). Step-down analysis revealed that even after controlling for all other variables, those in the headache group had higher levels of anger-in (P < .001, η2 = .08; mean, 18.98 versus 15.68). Trait anger and hostility did not differ between groups after controlling for depression and anxiety. Logistic regression revealed that anger-in contributed most to predicting headache status (P < .001; partial r = .23). Conclusions.—The current findings indicate that persons with headache hold their anger in more than those without headache even after controlling for levels of trait anger, depression, and anxiety. However, after controlling for depression and anxiety, individuals no longer differed on trait anger. Also, anger-in was the strongest predictor of headache. The current findings suggest that holding anger in is more common among headache sufferers. Given recent findings regarding the negative effect of holding anger in among persons with pain conditions, this may be an important factor to evaluate when considering psychological/emotional factors affecting headache.
ADDISON'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH NORTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS. A CASE REPORT.

Involvement of the adrenal gland occurs in approximately 10% of the cases with North American blastomycosis. Only 3 previous cases of this disease with clinical evidence of Addison's disease have been reported, although this is not an unusual finding in South American blastomycosis. A fourth case of North American blastomycosis associated with Addison's disease is reported, and the long latent period between the systemic infection and the development of clinical Addison's disease is stressed.