cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of cisplatin multiagent chemotherapy and total parenteral hyperalimentation on bowel obstruction caused by ovarian cancer.

Abstract Seven ovarian cancer patients with complete bowel obstruction were treated with cisplatin combination chemotherapy and total parenteral hyperalimentation. The average time for hyperalimentation was 44.5 days. Six of the seven patients responded to therapy and were discharged from the hospital. This kind of therapeutic modality has value especially for single-agent chemotherapy failure in ovarian cancer with intestinal obstruction.
Association mapping of agronomic and quality traits in USDA pea single-plant collection

Association mapping is an efficient approach for the identification of the molecular basis of agronomic traits in crop plants. For this purpose in pea (Pisum sativum L.), we genotyped and phenotyped individual lines of the single-plant-derived core collection of the USDA pea collection including accessions from 330 landraces and cultivars of Pisum sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum, 28 P. sativum subsp. elatius var. elatius, 16 P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense, four P. sativum subsp. elatius var. pumilio, three P. abyssinicum, two P. fulvum, and one P. sativum subsp. transcaucasicum. These 384 accessions were collected or donated from a total of 64 countries. The accessions were genotyped with 256 informative SNPs using a primer extension chemistry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry assay. Genetic structure analysis showed that the collection was structured into two main groups, corresponding roughly to the cultivated types/landraces and the more primitive form species and subspecies, with some intermediates. Linkage disequilibrium of pairwise loci and population structure of the collection were analyzed, and an association analysis between SNP genotypes and 25 valuable traits such as disease resistance, seed type/color, flower color, seed low molecular weight carbohydrate concentration, and seed mineral nutrient concentration was performed using a mixed linear model. A total of 71 marker–trait associations were detected as significant with 1–34 markers per trait based on the false discovery rate (FDR < 0.05). This study demonstrates the potential of using association mapping to identify markers for pea breeding.
All things must pass: contrasts and commonalities in eukaryotic and bacterial mRNA decay

Despite its universal importance for controlling gene expression, mRNA degradation was initially thought to occur by disparate mechanisms in eukaryotes and bacteria. This conclusion was based on differences in the structures used by these organisms to protect mRNA termini and in the RNases and modifying enzymes originally implicated in mRNA decay. Subsequent discoveries have identified several striking parallels between the cellular factors and molecular events that govern mRNA degradation in these two kingdoms of life. Nevertheless, some key distinctions remain, the most fundamental of which may be related to the different mechanisms by which eukaryotes and bacteria control translation initiation.
Adaptive estimation of doubly stochastic poisson processes

Abstract The optimal adaptive estimator structures for a class of doubly stochastic Poisson processes (DSPP) are presented. The structure is used along with a moment assumption to obtain implementable estimators. The class of DSPP considered is that of a linear Markov diffusion process modulating a linear intensity rate. The uncertainty for which the adaptation process is developed includes both structures uncertainty in the Markov diffusion process and parameter uncertainty in the Markov diffusion process and the intensity rate process. Results are given on the problem of adaptation of which of a finite number of Markov realizations is modulating the intensity process. The nonlinear adaptive estimator structures are obtained by use of a particular theorem that yields an optimal structure for the adaptive estimator. The structure is used to obtain a quasi-optimal adaptive estimator for the problem by use of a zero third central moment assumption. The estimator structure consists of a nonlinear, nonadaptive part, and a nonlinear, adaptive part which contains the parameter structure adaptations. The necessary covariance equations for performance evaluation are obtained. The theory is applied to the problem of wavefront estimation in adaptive optics for use in high-energy lasers and in imaging through atomospheric turbulence. Other examples are given.
Memory of Instruction Manual Warnings: Effects of Pictorial Icons and Conspicuous Print:

The present research sought to determine whether the salience of warning messages would improve the memory of warnings in proceduralized instructions. Subjects studied one of four instruction manuals for a gas-powered electric generator under the guise that they would later operate the generator. In the manual, the appearance of eight different warning messages were altered in two ways: 1) The verbal messages were printed in either conspicuous print (larger with color highlighting) or in plain print (same as the other text). 2) The verbal warning messages were either accompanied by meaningfully-related icons or the icons were absent. Three kinds of memory tests were given to subjects. The results showed that subjects who received the manual containing Conspicuous Print, Icons Present warnings recalled the verbal warning content and the semantic meaning of the icons significantly better than subjects who received one of the other three manuals. Implications for the design of instruction manual warnings are...
Variability of Structure and Transport of the Florida Current in the Period Range of Days to Seasonal

Abstract Current measurements with five repeated moored arrays were carried out from April 1982 to June 1984 across the Florida Current between West Palm Beach and Grand Bahama Island; a reduced sixth array was continued until June 1985. Transport were calculated directly by vertical integration of the 40-hour low-passed northward current components and extrapolation to the surface using the mean vertical shears ova the extent of the mooring. These transports compared well with 96 transport sections measured by PEGASUS and with transports determined by cable voltage measurements. During 1982–84 the transport variations ranged between 20 and 40 Sv (Sv = 106 m3 s−1) with a mean of 30.5 Sv and standard deviations of the 40-hour low-passed data of ±3 Sv. However, monthly mean deviations from the mean annual cycle were only of order ± 1 Sv, indicating that the climate relevant long-period variations of this current are fairly small. The volume transport shows a continuous spectrum with no particularly energeti...
Alcohol consumption impairs hepatic protein trafficking: mechanisms and consequences

Alcoholic liver disease is a major biomedical health concern in the United States. Despite considerable research efforts aimed at understanding the progression of the disease, the specific mechanisms leading to alcohol-induced damage remain elusive. Numerous proteins are known to have alcohol-induced alterations in their dynamics. Defining these defects in protein trafficking is an active area of research. In general, two trafficking pathways are affected: transport of newly synthesized secretory or membrane glycoproteins from the Golgi to the basolateral membrane and clathrin-mediated endocytosis from the sinusoidal surface. Both impaired secretion and internalization require ethanol metabolism and are likely mediated by acetaldehyde. Although the mechanisms by which ethanol exposure impairs protein trafficking are not fully understood, recent work implicates alcohol-induced modifications on tubulin or components of the clathrin machinery as potential mediators. Furthermore, the physiological ramifications of impaired protein trafficking are not fully understood. In this review, we will list and discuss the proteins whose trafficking patterns are known to be impaired by ethanol exposure. We will then describe what is known about the possible mechanisms leading to impaired protein trafficking and how disrupted protein trafficking alters liver function and may explain clinical features of the alcoholic patient.
The Law and the Revival: A “New Divinity” for the Settlements

In the settlements of New York State in the early nineteenth century two movements of the American spirit converged toward the common end of the creation of a just social order for the happiness of man and the glory of God. The revival and the institution of legal order grew and flourished from a common root, the conviction that a renewed national community could be formed only on the basis of respect for law. The Biblical promise of millennial bliss fervently extended by the revivalists and the Constitutional promise of domestic tranquillity recited by the lawyers were both dependent for their fulfillment on the people's submission to regulations, whether religious or civil. The interest in law as the basis of “settling things” with both God and one's neighbors implied a confidence in the human ability to understand and to honor the principles by which the affairs of God and men are rightfully ordered.
Strengthening Our Collaborations: Building an Electronic Health Record Educational Module

This article addresses the planning, creation, content, and implementation of an online educational module on electronic health records. Development of this module required close collaboration among multiple departments, and the module was immediately integrated into the second year medical student curriculum upon completion.
Surgical and obstetric outcomes in adults with sickle cell disease.

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease patients are more likely than the general population to undergo surgery and usually do so at a younger age. Female sickle cell disease patients also have special gynecological and obstetric issues related to their disease. Methods We collected data through standardized clinical report forms, patient interviews, and medical records from 509 adult sickle cell disease patients. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between multiple variables and each of the surgery types. We also determined the prevalence and outcomes of pregnancy in 284 women with sickle cell disease in this population. Results Almost 50% of patients aged 18-27 years had had a cholecystectomy. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the postcholecystectomy group; 9.5% of 504 individuals had undergone splenectomy. Hematocrit, body mass index, and red blood cell count were significantly higher in the postsplenectomy group. Hip replacement had been performed in 9.2% of individuals, with the prevalence increasing as early as the fourth decade and continuing to increase through the sixth decade of life. A history of pregnancy was present in 190 women (67%). Of 410 pregnancies, only 53.9% resulted in live births, 16.6% were voluntarily terminated, and 29.5% were complicated by miscarriage, still birth, or ectopic implantation. Conclusions Sickle cell disease continues to have a strong effect on the mean age for common surgeries and impacts pregnancy outcomes. We conclude that this population has a unique surgical and obstetric history that should be further studied to provide insight into potentially more effective preventive approaches to end-organ damage.
Eating disorders in the Far East.

Objective: To investigate eating disorders (EDs) prevalence rates among Asian populations and identify characteristics that distinguish them from their Western counterparts. Method: Potential references were identified through an English-language literature search using Medline, Psychinfo, Dissertation Abstracts (1966 to 1999) and through extensive manual searching of textbooks, reviews and reference lists. Results: The majority of studies related to EDs were conducted in Japan and China and a few were conducted in Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Korea whereas there was none in the Philippines, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia and Thailand. Prevalence rates in Japan range from 0.025 to 0.030% for anorexia nervosa (AN) and from 1.9 to 2.9% for bulimia nervosa (BN). Community studies in China have found the AN prevalence to be 0.01% and BN rates ranging from 0.5% to 1.3%. These rates are lower than ED rates in the West (particularly the U.S. and Britain). Body dissatisfaction (BD) and dieting rates, however, were similar to those in the West. BD rates ranged from 68% (Taiwan) to 81% (Korea) and dieting rates ranged from 34% (Taiwan) to 68% (Japan). Sociocultural and developmental risk factors were relevant to this population. Conclusions: EDs in Asian populations have received little attention because they have been predominantly viewed as associated with Western culture. Classified by many as a “culturebound syndrome” of the West, they may really be a culture-change syndrome.
Anisotropic wetting surfaces with one-dimensional and directional structures: fabrication approaches, wetting properties and potential applications

This review article provides a brief summary of recent research progress on anisotropic wetting on one-dimensional (1D) and directionally patterned surfaces, as well as the technical importance in various applications. Inspiration from natural structures exhibiting anisotropic wetting behavior is first discussed. Development of fabrication techniques for topographically and chemically 1D patterned surfaces and directional nanomaterials are then reviewed, with emphasis on anisotropic behavior with topographically (structurally) patterned surfaces. The basic investigation of anisotropic wetting behavior and theoretical simulations for anisotropic wetting are also further reviewed. Perspectives concerning future direction of anisotropic wetting research and its potential applications in microfluidic devices, lab-on-a-chip, sensor, microreactor and self-cleaning are presented.
Estrogen modulation of opioid and cholecystokinin systems in the limbic-hypothalamic circuit.

Abstract The display of lordosis behavior has been correlated with the estrogen-induced expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) and enkephalin within the limbic–hypothalamic circuit. These neuropeptides have opposing effects on lordosis; for example, in the medial preoptic nucleus, CCK facilitates and opiates inhibit lordosis. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide blockade of receptor expression indicated that CCK modulates lordosis in the medial preoptic nucleus through the CCK A -receptor. Sequence-specific antibodies directed against δ- and μ-opiate receptor proteins labeled fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus. Estrogen treatment of ovariectomized rats or etorphine (a nonselective opiate agonist) treatment altered the appearance of the immunoreactivity from a diffuse pattern to one of distinctly stained μ-opiate receptor immunoreactive cells and varicose fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus. Such a pattern of staining reflects an internalization of μ-opiate receptors following agonist stimulation. This type of internalization has been used as an indication of synaptic activity. The distribution of receptor internalization surrounds the distribution of CCK cells in the medial preoptic nucleus, suggesting that endogenous opioid peptides may modulate estrogen-induced CCK mRNA expression. Interestingly, nonselective and δ-opiate receptor selective antagonists potentiated the estrogen-induced CCK mRNA expression in the medial preoptic nucleus. Together, these results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides may modulate the estrogenic upregulation of CCK mRNA expression and demonstrate an important level of regulation of gene expression in which synaptic activity modifies hormonal input.
Exhaled Breath Condensate pH Does Not Discriminate Asymptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux or the Response to Lansoprazole Treatment in Children with Poorly Controlled Asthma

Background Although exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH has been identified as an "emerging" biomarker of interest for asthma clinical trials, the clinical determinants of EBC pH remain poorly understood. Other studies have associated acid reflux–induced respiratory symptoms, for example, cough, with transient acidification of EBC. Objective We sought to determine the clinical and physiologic correlates of EBC acidification in a highly characterized sample of children with poorly controlled asthma. We hypothesized that (1) children with asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux determined by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring would have a lower EBC pH than children without gastroesophageal reflux, (2) treatment with lansoprazole would alter EBC pH in those children, and (3) EBC acidification would be associated with increased asthma symptoms, poorer asthma control and quality of life, and increased formation of breath nitrogen oxides (NOx). Methods A total of 110 children, age range 6 to 17 years, with poor asthma control and esophageal pH data enrolled in the Study of Acid Reflux in Children with Asthma (NCT00442013) were included. Children submitted EBC samples for pH and NOx measurement at randomization and at study weeks 8, 16, and 24. Results Serial EBC pH measurements failed to distinguish asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and was not associated with breath NOx formation. EBC pH also did not discriminate asthma characteristics such as medication and health care utilization, pulmonary function, and asthma control and quality of life both at baseline and across the study period. Conclusion Despite the relative ease of EBC collection, EBC pH as a biomarker does not provide useful information of children with asthma who were enrolled in asthma clinical trials.
Pathogenicity and epidemiology of Corynespora cassiicola in the Republic of Seychelles

Abstract Corynespora cassiicola is reported in the Republic of Seychelles, where it causes a leaf spot disease of tomatoes, cucumbers and watermelons. Isolates from tomatoes and cucumbers were cross pathogenic, but differences in symptoms indicated a degree of host specificity. The fungus developed rapidly as a saprophyte and sporulated abundantly for at least 28 days on dead tomato leaves in the field. Numbers of conidia increased with duration of wetting of the debris. C. cassiicola colonized and sporulated on papaya leaf debris. Isolates from papaya leaf debris caused leaf lesions on tomato, cucumber and watermelon, but isolates pathogenic on papaya were not found. C. cassiicola is an aggressive facultative parasite that sporulates abundantly on plant debris. Inoculum of C. cassiicola from several sources can initiate disease cycles. Consequently, sanitation as a control measure appears to be justified.
Physical Solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide in Aqueous Solutions of 2-(tert-Butylamino)ethanol

The physical solubility of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous solutions of 2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol neutralized with hydrochloric acid was measured in this work. Measurements were made over the temperature range 25 °C to 40 °C and the amine concentration range 0 to 50 mass %. The solubility data exhibit a minimum in the solubility with amine concentration. The data were correlated using the van-Krevelen−Hoftijzer method for the “salting-out” effect up to the minimum solubility and by a new empirical method over the entire range of amine concentration.
Preliminary Trials of a Sound-Activated Device to Reduce Crushing of Piglets by Sows*

Abstract The device, marketed under the trade name ELARM, consisted of two microphones mounted on the frame of farrowing crates at piglet level, electronic circuitry that analyzed the sound and a belt with electrodes that was placed on the heart girth of the sow. When a squeal with appropriate characteristics was detected by the circuitry, a shock was automatically administered to the sow via the electrodes. Five litters equipped with ELARM were continuously observed until 36 h post-farrowing for each of two replications. When an appropriate shock was administered, either automatically by ELARM or when triggered by people, sows showed an immediate increase in responsiveness to squealing piglets. ELARM was observed to save 0.5 piglets per litter, though more piglets may have been saved because of to the increased responsiveness and caution displayed by the sows. The sows received an average of one shock each, stimulated by the squeal of piglets fighting, and one triggered by people rescuing piglets being lain upon. Only once was a sow shocked as a result of extraneous noise. The device has the potential to make a reduction in piglets crushed, especially in facilities where crushing is considered a major problem. However, its use could also cause a potential animal welfare problem if people utilizing it are not conscientious in their adjustment of the unit to an optimal level of stimulation that minimizes both unwarranted shocks and the amount of shock delivered.
Effect of Selection for Delayed Amelanosis on Immune Response in Chickens 1. Antibody Production

Abstract Studies were conducted to compare the antibody production of the Delayed Amelanotic (DAM) line of chickens with that of the line from which it originated, the Brown line (BR), and a distantly related environmental control, the Light Brown Leghorn (LBL). Total agglutinating antibody titers following immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or Brucella abortus (BA), were determined at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. The SRBC titers of DAM line birds were significantly higher than those of LBL birds but not BR birds at young ages (4 to 8 weeks) and at 20 weeks. The BA titers of DAM and BR lines were significantly higher than those of the LBL line at 4 and 6 weeks. We conclude that the DAM line exhibits hyperreactivity in B-cell function, which may be related to the line-associated pigmentation destruction. These studies also confirm that age is an important factor in making comparisons of antibody production between different genetic stocks.
The Origin of the Hydroxyl Radical Oxygen in the Fenton Reaction

There is an ongoing discussion in the chemical literature regarding the nature of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical formed from the reaction between ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide (the Fenton reaction). However, the fundamental experiment of directly determining the source of the hydroxyl radicals formed in the reaction has not yet been carried out. In this study, we have used both hydrogen peroxide and water labeled with 17O, together with ESR spin trapping, to detect the hydroxyl radicals formed in the reaction. ESR experiments were run in phosphate buffer with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap, and either H2O2 or H2O labeled with 17O. The hydroxyl radical was generated by addition of Fe2+ ion to H2O2, or as a control, by photolysis of H2O2 in the ESR cavity. Observed ESR spectra were the sum of DMPO/.16OH and DMPO/.17OH radical adduct spectra. Within experimental accuracy, the percentage of 17O-labeled hydroxyl radical trapped by the DMPO was the same as in the original hydrogen peroxide, for either method of hydroxyl radical generation, indicating that the trapped hydroxyl radical was derived exclusively from hydrogen peroxide and that there was no exchange of oxygen atoms between H2O2 and solvent water. Likewise, the complementary reaction with ordinary H2O2 and 17O-labeled water also showed that none of the hydroxyl radical was derived from water. Our results do not preclude the ferryl intermediate, [Fe = O]2+ reacting with DMPO to form DMPO/.OH if the ferryl oxygen is derived from H2O2 rather than from a water ligand.
Functional similarity and interpersonal attraction

Abstract A pair of related experiments examined the relationship of functional similarity (i.e., the degree of similarity between two interactants in assessing mutually known others on personal construct dimensions) to interpersonal attraction. In Experiment I, 10 previously unacquainted college students of both sexes participated in 10 hours of dyadic disclosure exercises over a 5-week period. As predicted, members of high functional similarity dyads evidenced greater attraction to one another than did members of low functional similarity dyads. Experiment II investigated the relationship of functional similarity to level of acquaintance (i.e., friends, nominals) and type of assessment (i.e., physical, interactional, psychological) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. As hypothesized, “friendship” pairs of male undergraduates displayed greater functional similarity than did “nominal” pairs from the same population, particularly at the deeper level of “psychological” assessment. Results are discussed in relation to classical conditioning (D. Byrne, In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology , Vol. 4. New York. Academic Press, 1969), affect-reinforcement ( G. L. Clore, In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Theory and practice in interpersonal attraction . New York/London: Academic Press, 1977) and information processing ( I. Ajzen, In S. Duck (Ed.), Theory and practice in interpersonal attraction , New York/London: Academic Press, 1977) models of interpersonal attraction, and are interpreted as supporting and extending (S. Duck's Theory and practice in interpersonal attraction , New York/London: Academic Press, 1977) filtering theory of friendship formation.
Hybrid approximation for minimum-cost target coverage in wireless sensor networks

This paper presents a hybrid approximation scheme for the Max-SNP-complete minimum-cost target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks. LP-rounding and set-cover selection are polynomial-time approximations for this problem. Our hybrid scheme combines these two methods using a crafted convex combination. We show that the hybrid scheme with appropriately chosen coefficients produces much better approximations than either of the two methods used alone. We show that, through a large number of numerical experiments, the hybrid scheme never exceeds an approximation ratio of 1.14, providing up to 14.86% improvement over the best approximations previously known.
On a shared allele test of random mating

Summary A simple random sample is observed from a population with a large number‘K’ of alleles, to test for random mating. Of n couples, nijkl have female genotype ij and male genotype kl (i, j, k, l{1,…, A‘}). The large contingency table is collapsed into three counts, n0, n1 and n2 where np is the number of couples with s alleles in common (s = 0,1, 2). The counts are estimated by npo where n0, is the estimated probability of a couple having s alleles in common under the hypothesis of random mating. The usual chi-square goodness of fit statistic X2 compares observed (ns) with expected (np) over the three categories, s = 0,1,2. An empirical observation has suggested that X2 is close to having a chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom (X) despite a large number of parameters implicitly estimated in e. This paper gives two theorems which show that x is indeed the approximate distribution of X2 for large n and K1“, provided that no allele type over-dominates the others.
Magnetic resonance imaging of uveitis

Uveitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the choroid, iris, or ciliary body, which make up the uveal tract. It can be idiopathic or associated with a systemic disease which may be infectious or noninfectious. With the exception of B-scan ultrasonography, current imaging methods for diagnosing and monitoring uveitis are predominately non-radiologic. Although MRI has been anecdotally shown to detect various inflammatory conditions of the globe, such as posterior scleritis, endophthalmitis, and posterior uveitis secondary to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, a more comprehensive review of the MRI findings in uveitis of various etiologies is presented here. The MRI and CT studies of seven patients with uveitis and the clinical history of three of them (not available in four patients) were reviewed. Etiologies included ankylosing spondylitis, relapsing polychondritis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis. Increased gadolinium enhancement of the uveal tract, which is visualized as the enhancing layer immediately deep to the low-signal sclera, was seen on all six MRI studies. Diffusion-weighted imaging of a case with posterior uveitis and subretinal effusions revealed restriction within the uvea and effusions. Two patients had inflammatory nodules adherent to the uvea, two patients had vitreous humor abnormalities, and one patient exhibited proximal perineural and perimuscular spread of enhancement. Uveoscleral thickening and enhancement with a posterior calcification were observed in the patient with chronic uveitis imaged with CT. Increased uveal tract enhancement is a common finding in patients with uveitis, regardless of anatomic distribution and etiology. MRI can also further evaluate complications of uveitis and help differentiate it from masquerade syndromes.
Improved algorithms for protein motif recognition

The identification of protein sequences that fold into certain known three-dimensional (3D) structures, or motifs, is evaluated through a probabilistic analysis of their one-dimensional (1D) sequences. We present correlation methods that run in linear time and incorporate pairwise dependencies between amino acid residues at multiple distances to assess the conditional probability that a given residue is part of a given 3D structure. One of these methods is generalized to multiple motifs, where a dynamic programming approach leads to an efficient algorithm that runs in linear time for practical problems. By this approach, we were able to distinguish (2-stranded) coiled-coil from noncoiled-coil domains and globins from nonglobins.
Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of alveolar ridge width and height changes after orthodontic space opening in patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar bone dimensional changes with cone-beam computed tomography after space-opening procedures for an endosseous implant in patients with unilateral or bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. Methods A pilot retrospective cohort study was conducted of 11 patients (13 sites) in whom the canines had erupted less than 2 mm distally to the central incisors. Pretreatment and posttreatment scans obtained from 3 private practice offices were evaluated for changes in alveolar bone width, height, and labial concavity. A fiducial line representing the ideal location of the longitudinal axis of an endosseous dental implant was used as a reference for the spatial location of the alveolar bone at the lateral incisor site in reference to the adjacent tooth roots at posttreatment. The posttreatment width and height measurements scans were compared with normative data from the contralateral incisor in patients with unilateral agenesis (n = 6). Results Alveolar bone width was significantly decreased on average from 17% to 25% along the height of the ridge (2-10 mm) (P Conclusions Significant alveolar bone width decreases and increases in labial concavity were found after implant ridge development in patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. The alveolar bone ridge was located more lingually than the adjacent teeth, suggesting a need for bone grafting to achieve proper fixture placement.
Sexual preferences of male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) for conspecifics in different endocrine conditions.

Abstract The behavioral responses of sexually experienced male hamsters toward a pair of anesthetized conspecifics were investigated. Males spent significantly more time licking, sniffing, and mounting neonatally and adult castrated males than intact males. Adult castrated males receiving oil injections were preferred over castrates receiving exogenous testosterone propionate (TP). Ovariectomized females were preferred over intact males, adult castrated males, or spayed females receiving exogenous TP. It was concluded that the absence of an androgen-dependent factor(s) renders an animal more sexually attractive.
Mechanisms for Organic Matter and Phosphorus Burial in Sedimentsof a Shallow, Subtropical, Macrophyte-Dominated Lake

We studied the role that submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays in the sedimentation of organic matter (OM) and phosphorus (P) in Lake Panasoffkee, Florida (USA), a shallow, hard-water, macrophyte-dominated water body. Carbon/Nitrogen ratios (C/N) and stable isotope signatures (δ13C and δ15N) in algae, higher plants, and surface sediments were measured to identify sources of OM to the lake mud. Pollen, plant macrofossils, and geochemistry in sediment cores indicated that primary productivity and SAV abundance in Lake Panasoffkee increased in the late 1800s, probably as a response to increased P loading from human settlement and forest clearance. SAV and associated periphyton served as temporary sinks for soluble P, maintaining relatively clear-water, low-nutrient conditions in the lake. P accumulation in Lake Panasoffkee sediments increased together with indicators for greater SAV presence. This suggests that SAV and associated epiphytes promote P burial and retention in sediments. Although it might be assumed that rooted submersed macrophytes are directly responsible for P uptake from water and transfer to sediments, C/N and stable carbon isotope results argue for the importance of other macrophyte growth forms, and perhaps epiphytic algae, in permanent OM and P sequestration. For instance, high rates of photosynthesis by epiphytes in hard-water systems consume CO2 and promote CaCO3 precipitation. Sloughing of accumulated carbonates from macrophyte leaves transfers epiphytes and associated P to the sediment. Our paleolimnological findings are relevant to restoration efforts in the Florida Everglades and support the claim that constructed SAV wetlands remove P from waters effectively.
Prior conditions and early international commitment: the mediating role of domestic mindset

Our study investigates why some firms engage in low international commitments such as exports in the early phases of internationalization, whereas others leapfrog the internationalization process and start with high international commitments in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI). Process models of internationalization propose that firms start with low commitment activities and gradually increase their commitments to international markets. However, recent empirical evidence has shown that many firms make high international commitments from the start. Our findings suggest that domestic resources and competitive action propensity affect early international commitments indirectly through domestic mindsets. A domestic mindset refers to the knowledge structures of the top management team prior to starting international activities, based on their managerial experience and learning in domestic markets. Our results suggest that knowledge and learning gained in domestic markets through diverse resource and competitive activities may be crucial in early international commitments.
Low power false positive tolerant event detector for seismic sensors

A 12nW sub-threshold event detector with false positive detection has been designed to operate in conjunction with a classifier for an unattended seismic surveillance sensor. 45nW consumed in presence of events. Power is greatly conserved by using the event detector (which never sleeps) to wake up a power consuming microcontroller which performs the classification of the event. The low power seismic sensor has an added circuit to suppress false positives. The proposed work helps alleviate maintenance costs and increases the life time of the sensors. Such ideas can be implemented in other devices where battery life is of crucial importance.
Work-related carpal tunnel syndrome in Washington State workers' compensation: utilization of surgery and the duration of lost work.

Background Work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a leading cause of lengthy disability. Methods This population-based retrospective cohort study used Washington State workers' compensation claims for CTS to characterize associations between utilization of CTS surgery and duration of lost work. The sample included all claims (n = 8,224) filed during 1990–1994 (followed through 2000) and receiving lost-work compensation. Results Sixty-four percent of studied workers had CTS surgery. Among workers with >1 month of lost work, the total duration was much shorter when workers had surgery, versus those who did not (median 4.3 and 6.2 months, respectively; P 6 months. When workers had surgery, disability was less likely to end before 6 months if non-CTS conditions were present, surgery occurred >3 months after claim filing, or employment was in an industry with high incidence of CTS; disability was more likely to end if the diagnosing provider and operating surgeon had higher CTS claims volume. Physical and rehabilitation medicine services were associated with lower probability of returning to work, with or without surgery. Conclusions There is a need to scrutinize the role of surgery and physical-rehabilitation medicine modalities in the management of CTS covered by workers' compensation. The findings suggest disability can be minimized by establishing the CTS diagnosis as early as possible and, if surgery is appropriate, conducting surgery without substantial delay and maximizing post-operative efforts to facilitate return to work. Use of surgery >6 months after filing should be considered with great caution. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:931–942, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Female urinary incontinence: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment

Urinary incontinence or the involuntary loss of urine per urethra has been and continues to be a problem of epic proportion. In the past few decades, clinical and basic science research into the problem has led to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology and more successful means of treatment. Accurate diagnosis now makes it possible to tailor treatment to the individual underlying pathology. Although our knowledge is still incomplete, urinary incontinence when evaluated and treated in a rational, systematic approach can be alleviated. This is especially important as the general population ages and urinary incontinence becomes a larger and more persistent problem.
The Problem of ‘The Old Spanish Sibilants’: Three Consecutive New-Style Explanations

Slightly over twenty years ago the writer of the present paper, at that stage in search of a fresh supply of well-defined classes and persuasively argued causes of sound change, published a lengthy study in which he reverted to R. J. Cuervo's and J. D. M. Ford's pioneering inquiries conducted toward the end of the past century.1 That paper of his, which will, for brevity's sake, henceforth be here referred to as the ‘1971 piece’, recognized the self-contradictory distribution of c and z as the kernel of the celebrated multidimensional sibilant issue; reckoned with the importance of certain dialects other than older Castilian (e.g., Galician-Portuguese and, sporadically, Asturo-Leonese, but not yet Navarro-Aragonese) for the solution advocated; identified suffixal derivation as a crucially important ingredient of the total situation, but argued that it was, above all else, the transparency of the derivational schema that was influential, while allowing for the occasional agency or interference of other for...
Scaffolding protein GOPC regulates tight junction structure

GOPC (FIG/PIST/CAL) is a PDZ-domain scaffolding protein that regulates the trafficking of a wide array of proteins, including small GTPases, receptors and cell surface molecules such as cadherin 23 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. In Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we find that GOPC localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) but not to the cis- or trans-Golgi cisternae. Colocalization occurs with the early endosome Rab GTPase Rab5 and a TGN/endosome marker Rab14 but not with Rab11, a marker of recycling endosomes. No localization of GOPC was detected to the lateral membranes or tight junctions. Knockdown of GOPC in MDCK cells results in decreased transepithelial resistance and increased paracellular flux. This might be attributable to the compromised trafficking of tight junction components from the TGN, as GOPC-knockdown cells have decreased lateral labeling of the tight junction protein claudin-1 and decreased protein levels of claudin-2. GOPC might mediate the trafficking of newly synthesized tight junction proteins from the TGN to the cell surface or the recycling of these proteins from specialized endosomal compartments.
Heterozygous diploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans: enhanced virulence for mice in comparison to a prototrophic haploid strain.

The paper describes quantitative studies of the virulence for DBA/2J mice of three heterozygous diploid strains ofAspergillus nidulans synthesized from avirulent auxotrophic haploid strains, and auxotrophic strains of reduced virulence. These studies demonstrate that the heterozygous diploid strains possess an unusually high virulence for mice in comparison to a haploid prototrophic strain ofA. nidulans employed as a virulence standard.
Microsoft Excel Software Usage for Teaching Science and Engineering Curriculum.

In this paper, our main objective is to present the use of Microsoft Software Excel 2007/2003 for teaching college and university level curriculum in science and engineering. In particular, we discuss two interesting and fascinating examples of interactive applications of Microsoft Excel targeted for undergraduate students in (1) computational physics and physics education, and in (2) computer and medical sciences. We demonstrate the tremendous amount of computational power of the most recent Microsoft Excel 2007 Software, which is employed here to perform simulations of a projectile (may be a missile) launched from an airplane so as to hit a target on the ground using the simplest assumption of no air resistance during the projectile motion in air and that of rolling of nine dice with six surfaces. For projectile motion, kinematic equations based on Newton’s laws of uniform motion have been employed to simulate projectile trajectory. We are going to prove through a plot of vertical distance as a function time that the projectile motion undergoes a parabolic path. However, modification in the simulation equations of the projectile motion, which includes the effect of air resistance, change in gravitational force with altitude, curvature in the surface of Earth, Coriolis force due to Earth’s spin motion about its axis of rotation and wind speed, will be discussed in very near future. We will also plot a graph of normalized total score versus the maximum score for rolling of nine dice like in casino games.
Fault-tolerant placement of phasor measurement units based on control reconfigurability

Abstract This paper formulates and solves the problem of placing additional phasor measurement units (PMUs) into a power grid, with focus on enhancing the tolerance to loss of a specified number of PMUs anywhere in the grid under a placement constraint based on a previously defined concept called control reconfigurability. Control reconfigurability imposes a requirement on the minimum Hankel singular value for all anticipated fault scenarios. This requirement causes the placement of PMUs to benefit the use of analytic redundancy in the controlled dynamic grid with respect to anticipated PMU outages, thus enhances the grid resilience. The same principle is applicable to placing additional control devices into the grid. A simple power network model is used to explain the fault-tolerant PMU placement method, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to minimize the number of additional PMUs placed without violating the required control reconfigurability. The results of placing PMUs for the IEEE 118-bus system are presented.
The ten classes of polymeric phase transitions : Their use as models for self-assembly

Abstract A brief overview of the ten classes of polymer phase transitions is given. In each case the basic physics underlying the transition is given. Special attention is devoted to the polymer threading a membrane transition (PTM) since it allows us to understand the reason for the occurrence of the five classes of transition unique to the isolated polymer molecule. They are the PTM transition; the helix to random coil transition; adsorption; equilibrium polymerization/one-dimensional crystallization; the collapse transition. The five classes of transitions of interacting polymers are liquid crystals/plastic crystals; glasses; crystals; liquid–liquid polymer transitions; soaps–block copolymers/membranes–micelles–vesicles. A classification is made of the coupling of these transitions to one another in pairs, triplets, etc. and it is observed that the number of kinds of such transitions is in the thousands. Because of the five transitions unique to polymers it is argued that the class of materials richest in the occurrence of phase transitions are polymers. Self-assembly is viewed essentially as materials undergoing phase transitions. It is evident that of all materials, polymers express self-assembly in fullest measure. A classification scheme is given for self-assembled structures both in biology and as a technology opportunity. The paradigm developed in this paper enriches polymer science by revealing the existence of a large number of problems awaiting solution. This paradigm also provides a route towards understanding biological self-assembly.
Variational integrators for the dynamics of thermo-elastic solids with finite speed thermal waves

This paper formulates variational integrators for finite element discretizations of deformable bodies with heat conduction in the form of finite speed thermal waves. The cornerstone of the construction consists in taking advantage of the fact that the Green-Naghdi theory of type II for thermo-elastic solids has a Hamiltonian structure. Thus, standard techniques to construct variational integrators can be applied to finite element discretizations of the problem. The resulting discrete-in-time trajectories are then consistent with the laws of thermodynamics for these systems: for an isolated system, they exactly conserve the total entropy, and nearly exactly conserve the total energy over exponentially long periods of time. Moreover, linear and angular momenta are also exactly conserved whenever the exact system does. For definiteness, we construct an explicit second-order accurate algorithm for affine tetrahedral elements in two and three dimensions, and demonstrate its performance with numerical examples.
Cellular stage specific functional analysis of REX1: In human embryonic stem cells

As transcription and translation are dynamic and can vary among the cell types and conditions, proteomics may reveal the tissue-specific functions of a protein, more relevant to its genuine functions on cellular mechanisms. The new proteome analysis by Son et al. [Proteomics 2015, 15, 2220-2229] identified the functions of the pluripotency marker protein, REX1 in hESCs, and unraveling its regulatory network orchestrating pluripotency. Compared to the previous transcriptome analysis that showed mechanisms irrelevant to pluripotency, Son et al. employed a proteome analysis determined convincing and meaningful mechanisms of REX. In addition to demonstrating the biological importance of REX1, this research by Son et al. is also a compelling example of the conceptual significance of connecting proteomics with stem cell biology.