cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid redistribution of serum thyroxine during ether anesthesia.

During the investigation of the influence of stressful stimuli on thyroxine metabolism, ethyl ether anesthesia administered during surgery has been shown to cause rapid redistribution of peripheral thyroxine. This phenomenon is not prevented by prior administration of thyroid hormone or iodide. It is surmised from these studies that the redistribution is due to alteration in tissue binding of the hormone. Similar changes are not produced by infusion of a number of hormones or by stressful physical procedures in normal subjects. Although the amount of thyroxine in the blood increases acutely with ether anesthesia, there is no concurrent increase in serum binding of triiodothyronine. Nor are there other physical changes in the serum which can account for the phenomenon. The half-time of disappearance of thyroxine is not altered after surgery. For a period of 24–36 hr following surgery there is an increase in the amount of thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland. This is not altered by administration of thyr...
Deviance Avowal as Neutralization of Commitment

In order to understand the special class of situations in which a potential deviant initiates the labeling process against himself, it is useful to conceive of deviance as a role rather than behavior thought to violate a single norm. Five important implications of role theory for deviance theory are specified. It is then explained and illustrated how deviance avowal can be adopted as the lesser evil in three kinds of situations: forced choice between group loyalties, the necessity to neutralize social pressures, and the necessity to neutralize personal commitment to conventional values. Deviance avowal is usually accompanied by deviant-role reorientation.
Language, memory, and the cerebellum

Abstract A great deal of experimental evidence confirms the role of the cerebellum in cognition. This paper reviews and discusses some issues regarding the role of the cerebellum in two specific cognitive domains: language and memory.
Colony connectivity of Pacific Coast double-crested cormorants based on post-breeding dispersal from the region's largest colony

To reduce conflicts with fish resources, other colonial waterbirds, and damage to habitats, double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are currently controlled (lethally and non-lethally) throughout much of their range. Concerns are growing over the Pacific Coast's largest double-crested cormorant colony at East Sand Island (ESI), Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River, where cormorants forage on juvenile salmonids, many of which are listed under the United States Endangered Species Act. Management of this colony is currently under consideration and may call for a redistribution of a portion of this colony numbering more than 12,000 breeding pairs in 2009. We investigated regional and site-specific connectivity of ESI cormorants using satellite-telemetry to track post-breeding dispersal. Cormorants dispersed widely west of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia, Canada to northern Mexico. Tracking data demonstrated direct connectivity between the double-crested cormorant colony at ESI and nesting sites throughout the dispersal area. Results of this study indicate that some cormorants from ESI could disperse to prospect for nesting sites throughout much of the western portion of the range of the Western Population; however, regional variation in connectivity with the ESI population, distance from ESI, and site-specific nesting history will likely result in variable prospecting rates among regions and sub-regions. Management efforts aimed at redistributing ESI cormorants across western North America (e.g., social attraction or dissuasion techniques) might be best allocated to areas or sites known to be used by tagged cormorants, particularly those sites with an established nesting history. 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Firesetting, Arson, Pyromania, and the Forensic Mental Health Expert

Firesetting is a common behavior that is frequently encountered by forensic mental health experts when consulting on criminal and civil legal cases. Despite its prevalence, minimal attention has been paid in the literature to conducting firesetting-related forensic evaluations. In this article, we discuss the differences in the behavior of firesetting, the crime of arson, and the diagnosis of pyromania. The literature on adult firesetter characteristics, classification systems, recidivism, and treatment is reviewed. Several types of common criminal and civil firesetting-related evaluations referred to forensic mental health experts are discussed, along with case examples illustrating how the courts have approached such assessments. To our knowledge, this article is the first in 20 years to address firesetting-related forensic evaluations within the psychiatry literature. It also represents the first comprehensive discussion of civil evaluations related to firesetting.
Comparative pathophysiology of nonglandular ulcer disease: a review of experimental studies

Ulceration of the nonglandular, stratified squamous mucosa of the equine and porcine stomach is a common event in both species, although in pigs the fatality rate is significant and it is an economically important disease. Because the barrier function of this mucosa in horses and pigs appears similar, it is probable that similar pathophysiological mechanisms may be responsible for the initiating lesions and reparative events. Recent studies of ulcer pathogenesis in the pig have shown that feed preparation or prolonged fasting can result in disruption of the normal stratification of gastric contents, thereby allowing high concentrations of HCl, pepsin and refluxed bile to mix in the proximal stomach. Conditions simulating those found in vivo have been shown to damage this mucosa in vitro and indicate that luminal products, such as short chain fatty acids and bile salts, which act in synergy with HCl, probably are necessary to induce significant damage to this mucosa. Studies of the equine stomach have shown a similar proximal to distal pH gradient in the fed stomach, a significant duodenal-gastric reflux, and induction of squamous ulcers with fasting, thereby illustrating that similar conditions may be responsible for damage to the equine nonglandular mucosa.
Integrating the UAS in Undergraduate Teaching and Research - Opportunities and Challenges at University of North Georgia

The University of North Georgia (UNG) has begun to evaluate both fixed and rotary UAS platforms across the departments to evaluate their potential for furthering both student learning experiences and undergraduate research. A research project of the Institute for Spatial Analysis (IESA) at UNG has acquired the fixed wing eBee UAS and is currently piloting its integration into the undergraduate geospatial science curriculum. Limited very low altitude, line of sight calibration runs within areas of our campus have help us understand the capabilities that this technology brings to learning and research opportunities at UNG. In our pilot area of study on the UNG Gainesville Campus, we will collect overlapping imagery and generate 3-D models. These models will be compared with models based on LiDAR data. Geographic Object Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) methods are essential to the analysis of voluminous high resolution UAS data and the associated computational and regulatory issues are discussed. Several future interdisciplinary projects are envisaged with the eBee UAS and this project helps establish their viability.
Differential Expression of Nuclear Envelope Lamins A and C in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract The lamins, an intranuclear class of intermediate filament proteins, are major structural proteins of the nuclear envelope. In the present study, the three abundant mammalian lamins (lamins A, B, and C) were observed to be present in roughly equivalent amounts in the Calu-1, Calu-3, H157, and SK-MES-1 non-small cell lung cancer lines. In the small cell lung cancer lines OH-1, OH-3, NCI-H82, NCI-H209, and NCI-H249, levels of lamin B were similar to those observed in the non-small cell lines, but the levels of lamins A and C were diminished by ≥80%. The relationship between lung cancer phenotype and lamin expression was explored further in the NCI-H249 small cell line. Introduction of the v- ras H oncogene into this line gives rise to a cell line (NCI-H249ras H ) with many features of large cell carcinoma of the lung (Falco, J. P., Baylin, S. B., Lupu, R., et al. J. Clin. Invest., 85: 1740–1745, 1990). Concomitant with the v- ras H -induced change in phenotype, a > 10-fold increase in the amounts of lamins A and C was observed. Levels of the cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein vimentin also increased. In contrast, levels of a variety of nonlamin nuclear polypeptides including topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and the nucleolar protein B23/nucleophosmin did not change. Comparison of polyadenylated RNA from NCI-H249 and NCI-H249ras H cells on Northern blots revealed similar levels of the mRNA for lamin B but higher levels of the mRNAs for lamins A and C in the v- ras H -expressing cell line. These observations provide evidence for differences in nuclear envelope structure in histologically different neoplastic cells derived from the same epithelial cell system and suggest that differences in lamina structure result from phenotype-specific differences in lamin gene expression.
Developmentally regulated multisensory integration for prey localization in the medicinal leech

Medicinal leeches, like many aquatic animals, use water disturbances to localize their prey, so they need to be able to determine if a wave disturbance is created by prey or by another source. Many aquatic predators perform this separation by responding only to those wave frequencies representing their prey. As leeches' prey preference changes over the course of their development, we examined their responses at three different life stages. We found that juveniles more readily localize wave sources of lower frequencies (2 Hz) than their adult counterparts (8–12 Hz), and that adolescents exhibited elements of both juvenile and adult behavior, readily localizing sources of both frequencies. Leeches are known to be able to localize the source of waves through the use of either mechanical or visual information. We separately characterized their ability to localize various frequencies of stimuli using unimodal cues. Within a single modality, the frequency–response curves of adults and juveniles were virtually indistinguishable. However, the differences between the responses for each modality (visual and mechanosensory) were striking. The optimal visual stimulus had a much lower frequency (2 Hz) than the optimal mechanical stimulus (12 Hz). These frequencies matched, respectively, the juvenile and the adult preferred frequency for multimodally sensed waves. This suggests that, in the multimodal condition, adult behavior is driven more by mechanosensory information and juvenile behavior more by visual. Indeed, when stimuli of the two modalities were placed in conflict with one another, adult leeches, unlike juveniles, were attracted to the mechanical stimulus much more strongly than to the visual stimulus.
Language Socialisation and the Construction of Socio-moral Meanings

Although researchers working from the cognitive-developmental and domain perspective have contributed significantly in presenting insights on children's moral knowledge, specific questions about how caregivers' language-based input facilitates their children's understanding of moral knowledge have not been examined. This article explores how language-based socialisation patterns play an important role in care-givers' and children's construction of socio-moral meanings. I argue that it is through participation in communicative and narrative practices that children begin to understand cultural meanings about morality. By drawing on theories and research conducted in the field of language socialisation, I demonstrate the mutual interdependence between the construction of moral meanings and communicative practices. Examples that demonstrate the various ways in which communicative practices provide the foundation for the co-creation of moral meanings between Hindi-speaking Indian caregivers and their children ...
bctA : a novel pBF4 gene necessary for conjugal transfer in Bacteroides spp.

Summary: pBF4 is a 41 kb conjugative R-plasmid that confers MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) resistance in Bacteroides spp. To identify pBF4 genes governing conjugation, recombinational mutagenesis using a suicide vector carrying fragments of the pBF4 plasmid was employed. One of six independent insertion mutants of pBF4 isolated using this method was found to be conjugation-deficient. Nucleotide sequence analysis around the insertion site on this plasmid revealed a 2.8 kb ORF that encoded a putative 110 kDa protein. A corresponding protein was observed when a 12 kb DNA fragment containing this ORF was used to program an in vitro transcription-translation system. Both the ORF and the predicted protein were novel when compared to available database sequences. This gene was designated bctA (Bacteroides conjugal transfer). Polyclonal rabbit antibodies that recognized a sub-sequence polypeptide of BctA reacted with a 55 kDa protein in Western blot analysis using a total protein extract from Bacteroides fragilis containing pBF4. The protein was not present in a B. fragilis strain containing the conjugation-deficient insertion mutant of pBF4. The 55 kDa protein was associated with the membrane fraction of B. fragilis. Although the cellular and biochemical basis of bctA-promoted conjugation remains unknown, this work demonstrates the existence of a heretofore unrecognized gene in bacterial conjugation, and the mutagenesis system used provides the means to isolate and characterize other genes involved in conjugal transfer in Bacteroides spp.
Effects of caffeine and theophylline on coronary hyperemia induced by adenosine or dipyridamole.

Objectives: The aims of this review are to examine the biochemical features of theophylline, caffeine, adenosine, and dipyridamole, their effects on coronary hyperemia, and to make recommendations on performing hyperemic lesion assessment after taking caffeine or theophylline. Background: It is commonly thought that caffeine and theophylline interfere with adenosine and dipyridamole induced coronary hyperemia, thus frequently delaying scheduled assessments after inadvertent consumption. However, a limited amount of studies address the interactions of these substances thus leaving no clear consensus on when to delay coronary assessment after their intake. Methods: For biochemical information on each substance, online and textbook references were utilized. For studies on the interactions of the substances with coronary hyperemia, broad search terms such as “caffeine AND adenosine” were applied in the major research data bases. Results: A serum caffeine level of 3 to 4 mg/L at the time of an adenosine-hyperemia study does not affect the ability of perfusion stress imaging to detect coronary artery disease. The interactions of theophylline with adenosine-hyperemia are less clear while both caffeine and theophylline show significant interaction with dipyridamole-hyperemia. Conclusions: For dipyridamole-stress myocardial perfusion studies, caffeine products and theophylline medications should be discontinued for 24 hr. For adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion studies, theophylline medications should be discontinued for 12 hr; however, one cup of coffee may be taken up to 1 hr before the test without necessitating a delay or cancellation of the study. These same considerations hold true for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and intravenous adenosine-induced hyperemia. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative warming therapies: a comparison of three devices.

Abstract Study Objective: To compare the effectiveness of three commonly used intraoperative warming devices. Design: A randomized, prospective clinical trial. Setting: The surgical suite of a university medical center. Patients: Twenty adult patients undergoing kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease. Interventions: Patients were assigned to one of four warming therapy groups: circulating-water blanket (40°C), heated humidifier (40°C), forced-air warmer (43°C, blanket covering legs), or control (no extra warming). Intravenous fluids were warmed (37°C), and, fresh gas foes was 5 Llmin for all groups. No passive heat and moisture exchangers were used. Measurements and Main Results: The central temperature (tympanic membrane thermocouple) decreased approximately 1 °c during the first hour of anesthesia in all groups. After three hours r f anesthesia, the decrease in the tympanic membrane temperature from baseline (preinduction) was least in the forced-air warmergroup (−0.5°C ±0.4°C), intermediate in the circulating-water blanket group (−1.2°C ±0.4°C), and greatest in the heated humidifier and control groups (−2.0°C ± 0.5°C and −2.0°C ± 0.7°C, respectively). Total cutaneous heat loss measured with distributed thermal flux transducers was approximately 35W (walls = joules/sec) less in the forced-air warmer group than in the others. Heal gain across the back from the circulating-water blanket was approximately 7W versus a loss of approximately 3W in patients lying on a standard foam mattress. Conclusion: The forced-air- warmer applied to only a limited skin surface area transferred more heat and was clinically more effective (at maintaining central body temperature) than were the other devices. The characteristic early decrease in central temperature observed in all groups regardless of warming therapy is consistent with the theory of anesthetic-induced heat redistribution within the body.
Distal peripheral neuropathy after open and arthroscopic shoulder surgery: an under-recognized complication.

Hypothesis Distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is an under-reported complication after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty or arthroscopic RCR by 4 shoulder surgeons during a 2-year period. The primary outcome measure was the diagnosis of DPN, defined as carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, ulnar tunnel syndrome, and distal radial sensory neuropathy. Patient demographics and clinical course of DPN were recorded. Mean follow-up was 21, 15, and 12 months for TSA, RSA, and RCR, respectively. Results Postoperatively, 6 of 85 TSA (7.1%), 7 of 57 RSA (12.3%), and 21 of 753 RCR (2.79%) patients were diagnosed with DPN. The most common neuropathy was cubital tunnel syndrome for TSA and RSA and carpal tunnel syndrome for RCR. The risk of DPN was higher for shoulder arthroplasty (TSA and RSA) compared with the RCR group. After nonsurgical treatment of DPN, complete resolution of symptoms occurred in 33.3% of TSA, 42.86% of RSA, and 71.43% of RCR patients. However, 16.7% of TSA, 14.3% of RSA, and 4.76% of RCR patients with DPN required surgical decompression; 100% of the patients undergoing surgical decompression had complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusion DPN is a relatively common complication after shoulder surgery. When it occurs, DPN will often resolve with nonoperative management. Surgical decompression is an effective treatment option in refractory cases.
Anxiety disorder comobidity in Bipolar I Disorder: Relationship to depression severity and treatment outcome

The present study investigated the greater symptom severity and poorer treatment response found in patients with bipolar illness and anxiety comorbidity, and examined depression as a potential mediator of this relationship. The sample consisted of 92 patients in an acute episode of Bipolar I Disorder with a current or past history of an anxiety disorder. Diagnoses were based on structured clinical interview, and participants were assessed at pre-treatment and then randomly assigned to pharmacotherapy alone or pharmacotherapy plus family intervention. Patients were assessed on a monthly basis by blind assessors over 28 months. Compared to patients without anxiety comorbidity, individuals with bipolar disorder and an anxiety disorder possessed greater current symptom severity, even after controlling for depression severity. Logistic regression analysis identified that being female and having higher current depression but not manic severity predicted comorbid anxiety. Comorbid anxiety was associated with poorer treatment response in the sample regardless of treatment type, particularly in subsequent depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analyses indicated that current depression but not manic severity partially mediated the relationship between comorbid anxiety and treatment outcome. Results from the current study investigating comorbid anxiety disorders are consistent with past research limited to anxiety symptoms. Depression only partially accounted for the link between comorbid anxiety and greater symptom severity and poorer treatment response, and examination of other factors is warranted. Because of the clinical relevance of comorbid anxiety in severe affective disorders, treatments designed to specifically address both concerns are needed.
Mixed-mode timing simulation for accurate CMOS bridging fault detection

A bridging fault simulator of CMOS VLSI circuits with timing information is described. It can detect delay as well as logic faults. A realistic resistive two-line bridging fault model is used. Mixed-mode bridging fault simulation without timing information is performed first to detect those faults that cause logic errors so as to reduce the fault set. Test vector selection, and mixed-mode timing simulation techniques are then used to speed up the simulation. Simulation results of some of the ISCAS 89 sequential benchmark circuits are given.
Advanced glycation end products downregulate glucokinase in mice.

Background Glucokinase, the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glucose to G-6-P, plays a key role in glucose metabolism. AGEs are implicated in diabetic complications. A previous study reported that AGEs decreased β-cell function through inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. This study investigated the effects of AGEs on glucokinase and islet function. Methods Six-month-old male C57BL6 mice were divided into bovine serum albumin (BSA) and AGE-BSA groups. BSA (200 µg/g) and AGE-BSA (60 U/g) were administered intraperitoneally twice daily. After 2 weeks, serum AGE levels were measured, oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test were determined. Glucokinase protein expression level and activity were measured in pancreatic islets. Results We observed that the normal mice (C57/BL6) treated for 2 weeks with AGE-BSA showed impaired glucose tolerance and decrease in acute insulin release. Glucokinase activity in islets from the AGE-BSA-treated mice was significantly inhibited and accompanied by blunted response of islets to high glucose stimulation. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that glucokinase protein expression was decreased, its activity was inhibited, and islet function was decreased. GKA partially restored glucokinase activity and islet function caused by AGEs. Conclusions We concluded that AGEs inhibited glucokinase activity, leading to islet dysfunction in mouse pancreatic islets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are There Gender Differences in the Job Mobility Patterns of Academic Economists

Labor economic theory posits that job mobil ity should affect worker salaries. The degree to which this holds for academic faculty has received considerable attention. Prior empirical studies have estimated log wage regressions that control for both years of total work experience and years of seniority at the current institution in an effort to determine whether negative returns to seniority exist in academic labor markets (for example, Bernt Bratsberg, James Ragan, and Jim Warren 2003 and William Moore, Robert Turnbull, and Geoffrey Newman 1998 for aca demic economists; Michael Ransom 1993, Kevin Hallock 1995, and Emily Hoffman 1976 for specific institutions; Debra A. Barbezat and Michael R. Donihue 1998 and Barbezat 1989 for
On the Allegedly Heliocentric Theory of Venus by Heraclides Ponticus

The locus classicus for ascribing to Heraclides Ponticus (and by implication to Plato) an epicyclic and heliocentric theory for the motion of Venus is a sentence in Chalcidius (ch. 110, ed. Wrobel, p. 176, 22–5) where it is said that Venus is located interdum superior, interdum inferior sole. This indeed seems to imply a variation of geocentric distance of the planet and hence to represent, in combination with the limited elongation from the sun, a heliocentric motion of Venus.
Deficient Statutory Notices and the Burdens of Proof: A Reply to Mr. Newton

This article replies to an article written by Anthony Newton. (Tax Notes, May 14, 2001, p. 1139.) Mr. Newton argued that Shea v. Commissioner, 112 T.C. 183 (1999), will help alleviate the burden on taxpayers from uninformative notices of deficiency. This reply contends that although Shea may have reached a correct result in shifting the burden of proof to the IRS, it did so by muddying an important area of the law. In fact, by conflating two procedural rules to reach its decision, the Tax Court may have eliminated the possibility of sanction for some uninformative notices.
Quality of service and multimedia support in IEEE 802.11 standards

As the convergence of data and entertainment has increased in pace, there has been a large amount of corresponding activity within the IEEE 802 standards committees to create enhancements to existing standards that will be capable of supporting this convergence. Much of the focus has been in the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN committee, and much of the emphasis there has been on explicit support for Quality of Service (QoS) enhancements and multimedia applications, although other committee activities have proposed enhancements that may also be used to support QoS and multimedia applications. This chapter describes the current state of the proposed changes to the relevant IEEE802.11 standards and provides context for the reasons behind those proposals.
Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on three dimensional equilibria in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch

The orientation of 3D equilibria in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) [R. N. Dexter et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch can now be controlled with a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP). Absent the RMP, the orientation of the stationary 3D equilibrium varies from shot to shot in a semi-random manner, making its diagnosis difficult. Produced with a poloidal array of saddle coils at the vertical insulated cut in MST's thick conducting shell, an m = 1 RMP with an amplitude br/B ∼ 10% forces the 3D structure into any desired orientation relative to MST's diagnostics. This control has led to improved diagnosis, revealing enhancements in both the central electron temperature and density. With sufficient amplitude, the RMP also inhibits the generation of high-energy (>20 keV) electrons, which otherwise emerge due to a reduction in magnetic stochasticity in the core. Field line tracing reveals that the RMP reintroduces stochasticity to the core. A m = 3 RMP of similar amplitude has little...
Metal-halide bond photoactivation from a PtIII-AuII complex.

The d8···d10 heterobimetallic [PtIIAuI(dppm)2PhCl]PF6 (1) complex (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) is oxidized by PhICl2 to give the d7−d9 [PtIIIAuII(dppm)2PhCl3]PF6 (2) complex containing a PtIII−AuII bond. Facile M−X bond activation is achieved by irradiation of CH3CN solutions of 2 with visible light in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, inducing a two-electron reduction to regenerate 1.
Embedded Online Questionnaire Measures Are Sensitive to Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Early changes in cognitively demanding daily activities occur between normal cognition and the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These real-world functional changes as early signals of cognitive change form a prime target for meaningful early detection of dementia. We examined whether passive aspects of responding to a remotely monitored weekly online questionnaire discriminated between older adults with and without MCI. METHODS Participants were 83 independent, community-dwelling older adults enrolled in a longitudinal study of in-home monitoring technologies, which included completion of a short weekly online questionnaire of health and life events. RESULTS In longitudinal analyses, time to complete the online questionnaire decreased over 1 year in both MCI and cognitively intact participants (P<0.01). MCI and intact participants did not differ in the time of day they submitted their questionnaires initially; however, over the course of 1 year MCI participants began to submit their questionnaires progressively later in the day and they needed greater assistance from staff as compared with intact participants (P<0.05). The online questionnaire performance measures were significantly correlated to conventional cognitive test scores (P<0.05) across the spectrum of normal cognition to MCI. CONCLUSIONS Ambiently assessed, passive performance measures embedded within an online questionnaire are able to discriminate between normal cognition and MCI. Remote monitoring of cognitively demanding routine daily activities is a promising approach for ecologically valid real-world cognitive assessment.
Analysis of CA System Security Vulnerability

CA is widely used as the infrastructure of person identification and encrypt data transform in the open net,but some CA constructer focus on the functions of a CA rather than on the security weakness.This paper based on a concrete CA,introduces the security vulnerability,intrusion from inside and outside,and the measures to protect the system.
Understanding FDA Regulatory Requirements for Investigational New Drug Applications for Sponsor-Investigators

Clinical investigators invoke a number of specific regulatory requirements if their study includes use of a pharmaceutical agent. Studies using a drug that has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or for indications not in the approved labeling may require filing an Investigational New Drug (IND) application with the FDA. If a study meets specific regulatory exemption criteria, then an IND may not be needed. Individual investigators may meet the FDA definition of a sponsor-investigator, in which case the application process is generally less complicated than for commercial sponsors, and this review addresses only this circumstance. Filing an IND requires completion of 3 sets of forms: 1 detailing the study (FDA Form 1571), 1 providing information about the investigator and study site (FDA Form 1572), and 1 certifying that the study is registered in the national database of clinical trials (FDA Form 3674). If the IND is approved, the study may begin 30 days after the FDA acknowledges receipt and assigns an IND. If the FDA requires additional information or if the study is placed on a "clinical hold," the study must not proceed. While the IND is active, the investigator must also continue to meet a set of regulations for monitoring the study and reporting to the FDA.
8—Central nervous system tumours in children

A review is presented of tumours of the brain and spinal cord, the most common group of solid neoplasms in childhood. General management strategies are discussed, including recent advances in neurosurgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment is stressed. An overview is given of the features and treatment of the more important individual tumour types.
Fast Protocols for Obstruction (Diuretic Renography) and for Renovascular Hypertension (ACE Inhibition)

This is the fourth article in a four-part series on interventional nuclear medicine. Upon completion of this article, the nuclear medicine technologist will be able to list the available radiopharmaceuticals used in renal imaging and describe the diuretic and angiotensin-coverting-enzyme inhibitor protocols.
Improved survival after heart-lung transplantation.

Sixty-two patients underwent 65 heart-lung transplant operations before April 1989. Thirty of these patients (operated on March 1981 to February 1986) were given cyclosporine and prednisone for immunosuppression. These 30 patients (group 1) are compared with the 32 most recent patients (group 2) treated with cyclosporine, prednisone, and azathioprine. Patient characteristics (group 1 versus group 2) were similar including age (mean 32 versus 26 years) and indication for operation (51 % versus 38%, primary pulmonary hypertension; 46% versus 45%, Eisenmenger complex; 3% versus 17%, other). The perioperative (in-hospital) mortality rate was 35% in group 1 versus 16% in group 2. Obliterative bronchiolitis developed in 12 (63%) of 19 hospital survivors in group 1 from 2 months to 49 months postoperatively (mean 12 months). This complication has developed in five (20%) of the 25 hospital survivors in group 2 from 3 to 13 months postoperatively (mean 8 months). Overall, 24 of the 30 patients in group 1 died (infection in eight, obliterative bronchiolitis in five, graft coronary artery disease in two, other causes in nine). Eight of the 32 patients in group 2 died (infection in six, other causes in two). Survival rates for group 1 patients were 60% at 1 year, 50% at 2 years, 43% at 3 years, and 25% at 5 years. Survival rates for group 2 patients were 73% at 1 year, 73% at 2 years, and 65% at 3 years (p
Digest: Prudent self-denial: the advantage of incompatibility in Leavenworthia alabamica

Molecular self-incompatibility systems in angiosperms at first appear to be evolutionary paradoxes. These systems, which reject self-pollen before it can fertilize an ovule, have persisted for long evolutionary periods. One such system was likely inherited from the common ancestor of core eudicots 110 million years ago (Igic and Kohn 2001). However, self-incompatibility is far more frequently lost than gained. Furthermore, the complexity of these systems makes it improbable for them to be regained once lost. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Frequent traffic flow identification through probabilistic bloom filter and its GPU-based acceleration

Traffic measurement and monitoring are critical for many network applications, for example, bandwidth management and detecting security threats such as DoS (Denial of Service) attacks. In these cases, traffic is usually modeled as a collection of flows. One central problem is to identify those frequent flows, which account for a large percentage of total traffic, or whose frequency exceeds the user-specified threshold. In this paper, we describe a novel data structure called the probabilistic Bloom filter (PBF), which extends the classical Bloom filter into probabilistic direction, so that it can effectively estimate flows' frequencies, and identify frequent flows. We analyze the performance, tradeoffs, and capacity of this data structure, and investigate how to calibrate this data structure's parameters. We further develop one extension of the PBF for dynamic data stream needs. We implement our PBF on GPUs to gain more time efficiency. By testing with real network traces collected from a backbone router, we demonstrate that our method can keep track of flows' frequencies with adjustable accuracy, so that frequent flows can be identified with constant computational time complexity and low memory overhead.
Perspectives on Home-based Healthcare as an Alternative to Hospital Admission After Emergency Treatment

Introduction: The study objective was to explore emergency physicians’ (EP) awareness, willingness, and prior experience regarding transitioning patients to home-based healthcare following emergency department (ED) evaluation and treatment; and to explore patient selection criteria, processes, and services that would facilitate use of home-based healthcare as an alternative to hospitalization. Methods: We provided a five-question survey to 52 EPs, gauging previous experience referring patients to home-based healthcare, patient selection, and motivators and challenges when considering home-based options as an alternative to admission. In addition, we conducted three focus groups and four interviews. Results: Of participating EPs, 92% completed the survey, 38% reported ordering home-based healthcare from the ED as an alternative to admission, 90% ranked cellulitis among the top three medical conditions for home-based healthcare, 90% ranked “reduce unnecessary hospitalizations and observation stays” among their top three perceived motivators for using home-based care, and 77% ranked “no existing process in place to refer to home-based care” among their top three perceived barriers. Focus group and interview themes included the need for alternatives to admission; the longer-term benefits of home-based healthcare; the need for streamlined transition processes; and the need for highly qualified home-care staff capable of responding the same day or within 24 hours. Conclusion: The study found that EPs are receptive to referring patients for home-based healthcare following ED treatment and believe people with certain diagnoses are likely to benefit, with the dominant barrier being the absence of an efficient referral process.
Central Vein Stenosis Accessed from Femoral Vein

This case demonstrates the fact that, in an instance in which it is not possible to advance a guidewire across a severely stenotic lesion that appears to be a total occlusion, one should not conclude that it is untreatable until an attempt is made from the opposite direction. By cannulating the femoral vein and passing a vascular catheter up to the stenotic site, it was possible to cross the lesion and successfully treat it.
Spousal Breadwinning Across 30 Years of Marriage and Husbands’ Health: A Gendered Life Course Stress Approach:

Objective: Wives increasingly outearn their husbands, and gender relations theory suggests this arrangement may undermine men’s well-being. We explore how long-term histories of spousal breadwinnin...
Relative Sampling Efficiency and Movements of Subadult Lake Sturgeon in the Lower Wolf River, Wisconsin

AbstractUnderstanding sampling efficiency and movements of subadult Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens is necessary to facilitate population rehabilitation and recruitment monitoring in large systems with extensive riverine and lacustrine habitats. We used a variety of sampling methods to capture subadult Lake Sturgeon (i.e., fish between 75 and 130 cm TL that had not reached sexual maturity) and monitored their movements using radio telemetry in the lower Wolf River, a tributary to the Lake Winnebago system in Wisconsin. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) capture efficiency (expressed in terms of sampling time) of subadult Lake Sturgeon using multiple sampling methods was sufficient to justify within-river sampling as part of a basin-wide recruitment survey targeting subadults, (2) linear home ranges varied in relation to season or sex, and (3) subadult Lake Sturgeon remained in the lower Wolf River. From 2013 to 2014, 628 h of combined sampling effort that included gill nets, trotlines, electr...
The deep roots of economic development in the U.S. states: an application of Putterman and Weil (2010)

The “Deep Roots” literature investigates the effects of ancient cultural variables on economic outcomes. We extend Putterman and Weil’s (Q J Econ 125(4):1627–1682, 2010) inquiry into the effects of State History and Agricultural History to the economic output in ethnically and racially diverse fifty U.S. States. The ethnic and racial differences across the populations of the fifty U.S. states vary considerably due to historical immigration and slave flows that, as a result, produced radically different State History and Agricultural History scores across the states. Results derived from Putterman and Weil’s methodology do not robustly predict per capita levels of economic output across U.S. States. We also investigate the institutions channel, and find that they impact some measures of institutions, but they do not impact the quality of economic institutions which may be essential for promoting economic growth and development.
Weak Coupling Analysis of Spin Fluctuations in Layered Cuprates

Layered cuprates have unusual properties both in the normal and the superconducting states1–15. It is believed that many of these have to do with the dynamics of low frequency spin fluctuations. For instance, in YBa2Cu3O7, nuclear relaxation rate T 1 –1 for O(2,3) nuclei exhibits a linear (“Korringa-like”) temperature dependence, whereas the neighboring Cu(2) nuclei have an enhanced relaxation rate which deviates from Korringa behavior. However, in the superconducting state, both relaxation rates decrease sharply while keeping a nearly constant ratio for(T 1 –1)Cu /(T 1 –1)O. In addition, for both nuclei there are no Hebel-Slichter peaks. Inelastic neutron scattering also probes the dynamics of spin fluctuations. Measurements on La2-xSrxCuO,4 show structure in temperature dependence for the spectral weight of low frequency spin fluctuations. A common feature of high Tc materials is the large and linear temperature dependence of their resistivity in the normal state. Hence, the contribution of spin fluctuations to the quasi-particle life time is of interest.
Linear and Nonlinear Stochastic Approximation Algorithms for Learning Systems

Frequently in the design of on-line learning systems for pattern recognition or system identification, there is a need to construct successive estimates for the unknown parameters of some underlying probability distribution. One of the most widely used methods for this purpose is stochastic approximation. It is well known that stochastic approximation is concerned with the successive estimation algorithms which converge to the true value of some sought (unknown) parameter when, due to the random nature of the system environment, the measurements are inevitably noisy. The algorithms of most interest to on-line pattern recognition or system identification are those which have following properties: (1) they are self-correcting, that is, the error of estimates tends to vanish in the limit, and (2) their convergence to the true value of an unknown parameter is of some specific nature, for example, in mean square or with probability one. This paper will discuss two types of algorithms which have been developed to generate recursive estimates that are linear or nonlinear functions of the past measurements. These algorithms will be discussed in terms of their computational structure as well as their statistical properties such as mean square error. In particular, comparison will be made between linear and nonlinear algorithms on the basis of specific assumptions about the unknown inputs and parameters characterizing the learning environment.
Clinical Heterogeneity in Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) vary considerably in the current literature (1–4). Most investigators develop uniform criteria in order to be certain of homogeneity within a given cohort of patients for research purposes. Restricted criteria can lead to refinement in diagnosis, particularly when supported by careful postmortem verification (4–6). In view of this, several investigations are currently in progress to develop both qualitative and quantitative clinical and diagnostic measures for use in DAT.
Data for the Chilton-Huddleston Photon-Albedo Approximations.

Empirical parameters for two differential gamma-ray albedo formulas, originally proposed by Chilton and Huddleston, are presented for water, concrete, iron, and lead for 12 photon energies ranging from 0. to 10 MeV and for reflected doses based on the ambient dose equivalent, the effective dose equivalent, and the exposure. The parameters were obtained by fitting the albedo formulas to MCNP-calculated albedo values over the complete ranges of incident and reflected directions.
Irregular retinal and RPE damage after pressure-induced ischemia in the rabbit.

PURPOSE: Pressure-induced ocular ischemia is a frequent model for the investigation of the mechanisms and therapy of retinal ischemic damage. It is important to know whether the tissue damage in such experiments is uniform or irregular. METHODS: We reviewed histologic features of Dutch rabbit eyes after 60-80 min of pressure-induced ischemia. The eyes were enucleated 4 hr, 1 day, or 1 wk after circulation was restored, at which times the electroretinogram b-wave was moderately reduced. RESULTS: Light microscopy showed an irregular distribution of damage involving all retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium. Some regions of damage (or preservation) were several millimeters wide; others were as small as a few cell widths. Correlation with electroretinogram reduction in individual eyes was difficult. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that pressure-induced ischemic damage in the rabbit, sufficient to reduce the electroretinogram, has a patchy and irregular effect on retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Erroneous judgments may be made about ischemic damage, or therapeutic intervention, if only small or selected regions of retina are examined histologically.
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PARVALBUMIN GENE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural organization of the parvalbumin gene. Several genes encoding Ca 2+ binding proteins from various species ranging from sea urchin to mouse have been cloned and their structural organization analyzed. Parvalbumin contains only 3 putative Ca 2+ -binding domains. Rat parvalbumin cDNA clone 9f was used as a probe to isolate the rat chromosomal parvalbumin gene. The sequence of the 5 exons in the parvalbumin gene is identical to the one found for full length parvalbumin cDNA. The human parvalbumin gene was localized on chromosome 22 by the somatic cell hybrid technique combined with gene dosage analysis. From a human chromosome 22 specific library, an EcoRI DNA fragment was isolated which gave strong hybridization signals with different parts of rat parvalbumin cDNA and genomic sequences including putative promoter regions.