cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foundations of Perturbative QCD: Factorization for DIS, mostly in simple field theories

In this chapter, I treat the complications caused by renormalizability of the underlying field theory when one analyzes the asymptotics of processes like DIS. There are four inter-related issues: The leading regions include hard-scattering subgraphs that can be of arbitrarily high order in the coupling. There are logarithmic unsuppressed contributions from momenta that interpolate between the different regions for a graph. The definitions of the parton densities are modified to remove their UV divergences. This we do by renormalization. The parton densities acquire a scale argument µ, the dependence on which is governed by renormalization-group (RG) equations, the famous Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) equations. In applications, we set µ of order Q , the large scale in the hard scattering. I will give a derivation of factorization that in the absence of gauge fields is complete and satisfactory, and is also reasonably elementary. In QCD, the same factorization theorem is also valid for simple processes, like DIS, but its derivation needs enhancement, to be given in later chapters. Factorization: overall view To motivate the factorization idea, we still use the ideas about the space-time structure of DIS that motivated the parton model. As illustrated in the spatial diagram of Fig. 8.1, an electron undergoes a wide-angle hard scattering off a single parton in a high-energy target hadron. In the center-of-mass frame, the target is time-dilated and Lorentz contracted.
Serum Hormones and Anticonvulsants

Circulating sex and thyroid hormones were assessed in 63 male young adults with epilepsy in the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland.
Isolation and Characterization of a Coliphage Specific for Escherichia coli 0157:H7.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serogroup 0157:H7 is harbored by cattle and causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in persons who consume raw milk and under-cooked beef. Samples of manure from Wisconsin dairy farms were tested for the presence of E. coli 0157:H7 as well as for bacteriophages (coliphages) specific for this microorganism. No E. coli 0157:H7 bacteria were isolated from any of the 21 manure samples taken from 12 farms. Nineteen of 20 samples yielded "nonspecific" coliphages that produced plaques both on 0157:H7 and on other E. coli . Only one sample yielded a coliphage that plaqued on 14 strains of 0157:H7 but not on other E. coli . This coliphage, designated "AR1," is tailed and ca. 187 nm long; it produces distinct plaques ca. 0.5 mm in diameter; single-step growth experiments showed a latent period of 20 to 25 min and a burst size of 34 progeny plaque-forming units (PFU). AR1 was also tested against other enterobacteria, including: Escherichia hermanii , four species of Salmonella , four types of Yersinia enterocolitica , and a strain of Shigella dysenteriae which produces an enteric toxin similar to that produced by E. coli 0157:H7. Of these enteric bacteria, only S. dysenteriae yielded plaques, which suggests that there is a relationship between production of this toxin and susceptibility to coliphage AR1. Coliphage AR1 may be useful in detecting or identifying E. coli 0157:H7 and possibly other bacteria producing the same toxin, from human stool, animal manure, and food samples.
Patulin: A Mycotoxin of Potential Concern in Foods1

Patulin is a metabolite of numerous Aspergillus and Penicillium species. It is toxic to a wide range of biological systems including microorganisms, plants and animals. Patulin has also been shown to be carcinogenic to mice. The susceptibility of man to this toxin is unknown at this time. However, when the numerous biological systems affected by patulin are considered, it is likely that man would also be susceptible to the toxic effects of this compound in some manner. Thus, patulin must be considered a potential health hazard. The fact that patulin can be produced by a number of penicillia at refrigeration temperatures is a source of possible concern. Many of these molds are found on refrigerated food products and the possibility that patulin production could occur during refrigerated storage is very real. However, the reactivity of patulin with sulfhydryl groups and other food components may cause its apparent disappearance from a food product. Whether the compound breaks down and disappears or is simpl...
Abstract 1140: PI3K/Akt inhibition decreases oxygen consumption In tumor cells by phosphorylating and inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH E1α subunit

The PI3K/mTOR pathway plays a central role in coupling metabolic processes to the cellular proliferative state. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway or genetic inhibition of Akt/PI3K decreased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in transformed cell lines in vitro by 30-40%. Pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway increased phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex on Ser293, an inhibitory modification of this critical gatekeeper of mitochondrial respiration. Expressing wild type PTEN in a doxycycline-inducible manner in a glioblastoma cell line with mutant PTEN led to an increase in PDH E1α phosphorylation and a decrease in OCR. The decrease in OCR with PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition was recapitulated by knocking down PDH E1α expression using siRNA. Pre-treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), a known inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) that phosphorylate PDH E1α, prevented the upregulation in PDH E1α phosphorylation, induced by inhibition of the pathway and also blunted the decrease in OCR. Likewise, introduction of exogenous PDH-E1α that contains serine to alanine mutations, which can no longer be regulated by phosphorylation, also blunted the decrease in OCR seen with PI3K/mTOR inhibition. Our findings highlight an association between the PI3K/mTOR pathway and tumor cell oxygen consumption that is regulated in part by PDH phosphorylation. These results have important implications for understanding the effects PI3K pathway activation in tumor metabolism and also in designing cancer therapy trials that use inhibitors of this pathway. Citation Format: George John Cerniglia, Souvik Day, Shannon M. Gallagher-Colombo, Natalie Daurio, Stephen Tuttle, Theresa M. Busch, Theresa M. Busch, Alexander Lin, Tatiana V. Esipova, Sergei A. Vinogradov, Constantinos Koumenis, Amit Maity. PI3K/Akt inhibition decreases oxygen consumption In tumor cells by phosphorylating and inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH E1α subunit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1140
India’s Aadhaar scheme and the promise of inclusive social protection

AbstractThis paper examines the promise of inclusive social protection central to India’s Aadhaar scheme, a national initiative using biometric information to allocate unique identification numbers to Indian residents. Aadhaar has reached over one billion people and promises to expand access to basic identification, improve enrolment in social protection and financial inclusion schemes, curb leakages, reduce corruption and address other gaps in India’s social protection architecture. However, the establishment of a national identification scheme does not of itself guarantee social protection. This paper assesses Aadhaar’s aims to achieve inclusive social protection through personal, civic, functional and entrepreneurial inclusion, and explores whether Aadhaar indeed fulfils these goals. Although it is too early conclusively to evaluate Aadhaar as a transformative contributor to social protection in India, there is much to be learned for transnational social protection from the scheme’s efforts to create a...
Symmetric droop control for improved hybrid AC/DC microgrid transient performance

A droop-controlled, hybrid ac/dc microgrid represents a robust architecture that can coordinate the operation of multiple distributed sources while minimizing the power conversion stages. While the reduced-order nonlinear dynamics of grid-forming, droop-controlled inverter-based microgrids have been rigorously shown to be stable for a wide range of operating parameters, the problem of analyzing the transient stability characteristics of droop-controlled hybrid ac/dc architectures has not been adequately addressed. This work reviews the link between the Virtual Synchronous Machine control concept and grid-forming droop control, and introduces a new droop control strategy for ac/dc hybrid microgrids, termed ‘symmetric droop control’ (SDC). SDC better addresses the dynamic interactions between the ac and dc sub-grids of the hybrid microgrid, by ensuring that the interfacing inverter appropriately represents the dc sub-grid dynamics when interacting with other inverters. SDC can help to ensure that the reduced-order, nonlinear dynamics in both the ac and dc networks remain predictable and well-behaved during large disturbances in the ac network.
Extensive lymph node dissection in the era of increasing perioperative chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

e15018 Background: The efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy (CHT) in the management of muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) has been attributed to its ability to eliminate oc...
Study of Salary Differentials by Gender and Discipline

Although it is 45 years since legislation made gender discrimination on university campuses illegal, salary inequities continue to exist today. The seminal work in studying the existence of salary ...
Physical Therapy for a Patient with Essential Tremor and Prolonged Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case Report

Background: There is a lack of evidence examining the role of physical therapy (PT) to address movement dysfunction for individuals with essential tremor (ET). Case Report: A 61-year-old male with ET and prolonged bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) completed 14 sessions of outpatient PT that emphasized balance, functional movements, and proximal stability training with an integration of principles of body awareness training and visual motor coordination. Improvements were noted in all outcome measures. Discussion: This report describes a novel PT approach that offers a promising means of improving functional mobility and balance while decreasing falls risk in patients with ET.
Fiber Bragg grating based arterial localization device

A critical first step to many surgical procedures is locating and gaining access to a patients vascular system. Vascular access allows the deployment of other surgical instruments and also the monitoring of many physiological parameters. Current methods to locate blood vessels are predominantly based on the landmark technique coupled with ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or Doppler. However, even with experience and technological assistance, locating the required blood vessel is not always an easy task, especially with patients that present atypical anatomy or suffer from conditions such as weak pulsation or obesity that make vascular localization difficult. With recent advances in fiber optic sensors, there is an opportunity to develop a new tool that can make vascular localization safer and easier. In this work, the authors present a new fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based vascular access device that specializes in arterial localization. The device estimates the location towards a local artery based on the bending of a needle inserted near the tissue surrounding the artery. Experimental results obtained from an artificial circulatory loop and a mock artery show the device works best for lower angles of needle insertion and can provide an approximately 40° range of estimation towards the location of a pulsating source (e.g. an artery).
False-Positive Pregnancy Result in a Patient with Bone Mass.

An 18-year-old woman presented to our institution complaining of a painful left shoulder. She described it as a sharp and throbbing pain that had begun insidiously but had progressively worsened to involve most of her left shoulder. She also noted that the pain would occasionally radiate down her arm and that she had difficulty mobilizing her shoulder, resulting in a pseudo-paralysis of the left upper extremity. She denied associated symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia, and fever. The remainder of her history was noncontributory. Except for the limited range of motion, her physical examination, including motor strength and sensation, was unremarkable. Radiologic imaging of her left shoulder demonstrated a large lytic bone lesion located on the proximal head of the left humerus with extension through the greater tuberosity to involve the deltoid muscle. A bone core needle biopsy demonstrated a mixture of mononucleated and multinucleated giant cells compatible with chondroblastoma, giant cell tumor, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. As the mass had completely replaced the proximal head of the humerus, the patient underwent resection of the mass. During preoperative evaluation, her serum calcium was 8.4 mg/dL (reference interval, 8.6–10.6) and urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)2 was positive (Combo Rapid Test B1077-23, Cardinal Health) with the confirmatory serum hCG of 38 IU/L …
D-Amino Acid Analogues of the Antimicrobial Peptide CDT Exhibit Anti- Cancer Properties in A549, a Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line.

Introduction The importance of the antitumor activity of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is being increasingly recognized. The antimicrobial peptide, tachyplesin, has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties and a linear, cysteine deleted analogue (CDT), was found to retain its antibacterial function. Objectives The objective was to test CDT and related analogues against normal mammalian, bacterial, and cancer cells to determine their effectiveness and then utilize specific assays to determine a possible mechanism of action. Methods We used sequence reversal and D-amino acids to synthesize four CDT analogues by solid phase peptide synthesis. A number of assays were used including liposome dye-leakage, antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, hemolytic assays, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), and apoptosis to examine their effectiveness as both AMPs and anti-cancer peptides (ACPs). We then tested the analogues for their ability to inhibit proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line, A549. Results We found that D-CDT exhibited the best bactericidal properties of those tested and was not damaging to red blood cells. Both D-CDT and reverse D-CDT showed a dose-dependent reduction of cell viability. However, D-CDT was most effective with an IC50 of 9.814 μM, a value 9-fold lower than that calculated for reverse D-CDT (90.16 μM). Apoptosis does not appear to be a mechanism by which D-CDT exerts its anticancer properties since > 100 μM was required to increase activation of caspase 3. Moreover, the ERK1/2 pathway is also unlikely since only a modest (20%) decrease of activity was observed with > 100 μM D-CDT. However, D-CDT was found to operate via a hyaluronan (HA)-dependent mechanism as pretreatment of the cells with hyaluronidase decreased the cytotoxic effects of D-CDT on A549 cells and increased its IC50 29-fold to 283.9 μM. Conclusion D-CDT is both an effective AMP and ACP, and likely exerts its anticancer effects through both membranolytic as well as an HA-mediated mechanism.
A battery-less, 255 nA quiescent current temperature sensor with voltage regulator fully powered by harvesting ambient vibrational energy

We report on the circuit design and experimental demonstration of a battery-less, self-powering temperature sensor node, powered entirely by a piezoelectric (PZE) ambient vibrational energy harvester, and enabled by a novel ultra-low-power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC collects and stores energy generated by the PZE transducer into a supercapacitor, powers both the on-ASIC temperature sensor and the on-board RF module for wireless temperature sensing applications. The ASIC is fabricated using a standard 0.5 μm CMOS process. The quiescent current in the entire ASIC is only 55 nA for energy harvesting, and 255 nA when temperature sensing is further included. Such self-powering temperature sensors can help enable low-cost transformation of today's ordinary buildings into energy-efficient smart buildings.
Other Underconstrained Systems and Contact Problems

This chapter comprises a selection of underconstrained structural systems of which some are new and others are combinations of the already familiar components such as cables, nets, and membranes. The subject of the first section is a band or a cable-band assembly. These assemblies involve one or more arrays of structural members in the form of thin narrow flexible bands, which represent a relatively new addition to the list of generic structural components. When used in place of one (or, possibly, both) of the cable arrays of a net, bands advantageously combine load-carrying and surface-cladding functions. The kinematic properties of a band, together with the arrangement of band or cable-band intersections, account for some interesting features in the system statics and kinematics. At the same time, the properties of a band as a structural component impose certain restrictions on the feasible geometry of a band or cable-band system as compared with a similar cable net.
Is Music a Language

The discussion of this question began in the chapter on the association theory of meaning. The answer to the question depends upon an acceptable theory of language and meaning. It was shown that those who have tried to answer the question hold unacceptable theories which are mentalistic, metaphysical, ideal (symbolic logic based on mathematics), or no theory at all is presented. Davies (1994: 48), after presenting a problematic theory of language concludes, Music is not usefully to be compared to natural languages with respect to its meaning. As indicated earlier, Wittgenstein (1968) gave epistemological primacy to language. Among others holding a similar view are: Barthes, Derrida, Dewey, Hartnack, Heidegger, Muller, Peirce, Ryle, Sapir, Shibles, Waismann, Whorf, and Winch. This means that the scientific method is not based on observation (naive empiricism), but on language. The concept of seeing-as shows that sensation is always conceptualized, that we never have pure sensation. Cognition or language-use is bound up with all perception. Perception comes classified and evaluated.
Lives and Afterlives of Bushidō: A Perspective from Overseas

Bushidō has had many different lives in many different places around the world. These transformations and afterlives constitute valuable witnesses that offer competing narratives of Japan’s modern development and of its changing roles in the world. Beyond Japan they speak to the multiple ways that the country both inspires and (sometimes) displeases other nations. These lives and afterlives also serve to illustrate the myriad ways that intersections of the local and translocal, the past and present, refract perspectives. Bushidō is not unique in its ability to assume divergent connotations and implications in accordance with the contours of the frame within which it is placed. Its elusiveness exemplifies the amorphous characteristics of our global world’s nomadic lexicon.
Pathologic features of smoking-related lung diseases, with emphasis on smoking-related interstitial fibrosis and a consideration of differential diagnoses

Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) is frequently-seen and morphologically-distinctive finding in the lung tissue of cigarette smokers. It can be distinguished histologically from the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and other causes of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. SRIF is typified by dense thickening of the alveolar septa by thick collagen bundles with a hyalinized appearance, with the common admixture of bands of hyperplastic smooth muscle. Concomitant inflammation is minimal. SRIF predominates in the subpleural and centrilobular parenchyma, and is usually accompanied by the changes of centrilobular emphysema and respiratory bronchiolitis. Most patients with SRIF do not have clinical symptoms of the condition. This article reviews the pathologic features of SRIF and compares them with the appearances of other interstitial lung diseases, some of which are also related to cigarette smoking. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is another lung disease that has an association with smoking, and its clinicopathologic features are considered here as well.
Improving Spatial Thinking Skills among Undergraduate Geology Students through Short Online Training Exercises.

ABSTRACTSpatial reasoning is a critical skill in the Geosciences. Using a randomized control study with 592 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory and advanced Geology courses, our data indicates that regular, short interventions throughout an academic semester improve students’ spatial thinking skills significantly with a moderate to large effect size when compared to an instruction-as-usual control group. We found evidence for additional gains in students who participated also in hands-on training interventions. We found even larger training effects on students who achieved correct scores of >50% on the practice modules, with gains of almost three-quarter of a standard deviation relative to their baseline scores. Male and female students display significant differences in spatial skills, with males outperforming females. Training resulted in similar magnitudes of improvement in both genders, so we see no evidence that the interventions closed the gender gap. Using the initial performance as a b...
Magnetoresistance, magnetic, and dielectric properties of LuFe2O4 prepared by ebeam-assisted solid state reaction

We present structural, magnetoresistance, magnetic, Mossbauer, and dielectric properties of polycrystalline LuFe 2O 4 prepared by an electron-beam assisted solid state reaction. The x-ray diffraction pattern shows the single phase LuFe 2O 4 sample, and the ferrimagnetic transition temperature is measured at 240 K, followed by the two low-temperature transitions at 210 K and 140 K, respectively. The magnetic properties including the M-H hysteresis loops exhibit a strong temperature dependence and possibly indicate that LuFe 2O 4 enters a spin-glass state below 100 K. The iron Mossbauer measurement at 300 K indicates two Fe sites. The resistivity follows Mott’s variable-range hopping model, ρ∝exp(T0/T)1/4, indicating the electron hopping between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+. The magnetoresistance effects up to 2.5% at 5 T in the ferrimagnetic state were observed, and the effects could be caused by the field-induced changes in the electron hopping processes. The frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant has been found to be strongly influenced by the contact effects, and the intrinsic ferroelectricity of LuFe 2O 4 could not be ascertained.
$L^p$-existence of mild solutions of fractional differential equations in Banach space

We study the existence of mild solutions for semilinear fractional differential equations with nonlocal initial conditions in $L^p([0,1],E)$, where $E$ is a separable Banach space. The main ingredients used in the proof of our results are measure of noncompactness, Darbo and Schauder fixed point theorems. Finally, an application is proved to illustrate the results of this work.
Advances in Liver Failure and Management

Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in children are rare but catastrophic clinical conditions with a high mortality and morbidity. Massive hepatocyte necrosis leads to profound impairment in synthetic, excretory, and detoxifying ability of the liver and leads to coagulopathy, jaundice, and encephalopathy. Circulating inflammatory mediators and toxins lead to multi-organ failure and death. As there are yet no treatment options for reversing or halting hepatocellular necrosis, current therapies focus more on supporting the failing organs, while the liver either spontaneously regenerates or child undergoes a liver transplant. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) forms one of such essential pillars of support implemented to successfully manage a critically ill child with ALF or ACLF. CRRT is either used alone or in combination of other blood purification modalities to attenuate the deleterious effects of a failing liver in the host. This chapter discusses the pathophysiology of liver failure, indications, benefits, and challenges of CRRT in pediatric liver failure.
From Council to Program: Creating the Program for Cooperative Cataloging

By early 1994, the Cooperative Cataloging Council had created the framework for a Program for Cooperative Cataloging to put its principles and goals into action, but much remained to be done. Decis...
Policy content analysis: Qualitative method for analyzing sub-national insect pollinator legislation

This project examines sub-national legislative policy to identify trends and describe policy innovations for addressing insect pollinator declines. Content analysis is used to describe these policies quantitatively (number of policies and frequency per year) and qualitatively (topic, comparison of policy instruments used). The policies selected constitute a census-not a sample-of policies passed then approved by all US state legislatures and signed by state Governors into law from 2000 to 2017. We used QSR International's NVivo 10 text-based analytic software to organize and document our close-reading (line-by-line coding) of 109 laws to address insect pollinator population declines. Our analysis blended both conventional (inductive) and directed (deductive) content analysis approaches to reveal the spectrum of new legislative innovations and to describe lawmakers' evolving view of pollinating insects. Applying proven methods from the health sciences and communication studies can aid large-scale analysis of legal texts. •Qualitative content analysis of all US state-level laws passed from 2000 to 2017 addressing insect pollinators (N = 109).•The close-reading analysis mixed both conventional (inductive) and directed (deductive) content analysis approaches to reveal the spectrum of new legislative innovations and to describe evolving views of pollinating insects.•Compared inductively gathered findings from US policies to global experts' policy recommendations to evaluate status of conservation policy.
Exploring the Impact of Environmental Factors on Scores on the Self-Determination Inventory: Adult Report

A long line of research has established a relationship between self-determination and positive adult outcomes. Findings from such research highlight that it is critical to provide opportunities and supports for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to use skills associated with self-determination (e.g., decision-making, problem-solving, goal setting, and attainment) in environments where they live, work, and learn. However, various environmental factors (e.g., living arrangement, employment status) can be strong indicators of how people with intellectual and developmental disabilities develop and express their self-determination. Recently, the Self-Determination Inventory: Adult Report (SDI:AR) was developed as a technology-based measure of self-determination for adults with and without disabilities ages 18 and over. No studies have investigated how environmental factors influence responses on the SDI:AR, including responses to specific items linked to each of the essential characteristics defined by Causal Agency Theory. Using the SDI:AR validation data, this study examined how environmental factors impacted self-determination of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The findings show specific environmental factors impact overall self-determination for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities as well as responses on SDI:AR items. Consistent with previous research, the present study suggests that certain environmental factors facilitate a greater expression of self-determination in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities while others restrict its expression. Findings from this study could inform environmental supports needed for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to engage in self-determined actions throughout adulthood.
Demonstration of an Optoelectronic Excitatory & Inhibitory Neuron for Photonic Spiking Neural Networks

We designed, simulated, prototyped, and experimentally demonstrated an optoelectronic neuron with excitatory and inhibitory inputs. LTSpice simulation and experimental results closely resemble the Izhikevich model, and inhibitory input negates excitatory input to suppress output spikes.
Development and validation of a risk calculator for post-discharge venous thromboembolism following hepatectomy for malignancy

Abstract Background Post-discharge venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis decreases VTEs following cancer surgery, however identifying high-risk patients remains difficult. Our objectives were to (1) identify factors available at hospital discharge associated with post-discharge VTE following hepatectomy for malignancy and (2) develop and validate a post-discharge VTE risk calculator to evaluate patient-specific risk. Methods Patients who underwent hepatectomy for malignancy from 2014 to 2017 were identified from the ACS NSQIP hepatectomy procedure targeted module. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with post-discharge VTE. A post-discharge VTE risk calculator was constructed, and predicted probabilities of post-discharge VTE were calculated. Results Among 11 172 patients, 95 (0.9%) developed post-discharge VTE. Post-discharge VTE was associated with obese BMI (OR 2.29 vs. normal BMI [95%CI 1.31–3.99]), right hepatectomy/trisegmentectomy (OR 1.63 vs. partial/wedge [95%CI 1.04–2.57]), and several inpatient postoperative complications: renal insufficiency (OR 5.29 [95%CI 1.99–14.07]), transfusion (OR 1.77 [95%CI 1.12–2.80]), non-operative procedural intervention (OR 2.97 [95%CI 1.81–4.86]), and post-hepatectomy liver failure (OR 2.22 [95%CI 1.21–4.08]). Post-discharge VTE risk ranged from 0.3% to 30.2%. Twenty iterations of 10-fold cross validation identified internal validity. Conclusions Risk factors from all phases of care, including inpatient complications, are associated with post-discharge VTE following hepatectomy. Identifying high-risk patients may allow for personalized risk-based post-discharge chemoprophylaxis prescribing.
Finding globally optimal macrostructure in multiple relation, mixed-mode social networks:

From the outset, computational sociologists have stressed leveraging multiple relations when blockmodeling social networks. Despite this emphasis, the majority of published research over the past 4...
Bridging the East and the West: Reflections on Learning, Leading, and Life

This chapter examines the life, learning, and research experiences of an American scholar who immigrated to the United States from China where she received her primary and secondary school education, and taught ESL at the prestigious Chinese university from which she graduated. The scholar reflects on her stories in China and in the United States and how those stories have shaped who she is. Through telling and retelling, living and reliving her stories over time, her juxtaposed (East-West) thoughts on teaching, learning, and research bubble to the surface. As a Faculty Academy member, her long-term intention is to use her bilingualism and her understanding of the research traditions and cultures of the United States and China to become a leader where reciprocal learning is concerned.
Healthy Trees – Healthy People: A Model for Engaging Citizen Scientists in Exotic Pest Detection in Urban Parks

Abstract Healthy Trees – Healthy People (HT-HP) is an outreach and education program created to enlist and train participants in exotic pest detection while providing them with structured opportunities to connect with urban nature and increase their physical and emotional health. HT- HP creates infrastructure to increase engagement by the urban populace in the urban tree canopy. The program solicits participants to engage in an 8-week intervention designed to expand capacity to detect non-native insect pests and pathogens, while increasing physical activity, raising awareness of healthy lifestyle choices, and improving the health of participants. Program participants were trained in tree and tree pest identification to provide ‘eyes on the ground’ that can contribute to exotic pest detection, reducing the risk of pest establishment, and increasing the sustainability of urban tree canopies. Participants in this pilot program reported significant improvements in their knowledge of tree identification and tree care, an awareness of, and ability to identify selected exotic invasive tree pests, and improved mindfulness. Healthy Trees – Healthy People is nimble, easily adaptable, and serves as a unique model that could include tailored tree identification and pest detection. The program can engage citizen scientists in exotic pest detection while increasing usage of urban parks.
Gamma-Ray- and Neutron-Induced Photocurrent and Readout Noise in LYSO+SiPM Packages

Lu2(1– x )Y2 x SiO5 (LYSO) crystals readout by a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) will be used in the barrel timing layer of a precision timing detector for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This detector is expected to be exposed up to 5-Mrad $\gamma $ -ray dose, $2.5\times 10^{13}$ charged hadrons/cm2, and $3\times 10^{14}\,\,\text{n}_{\mathrm {eq}}$ /cm2 at the HL-LHC for 10 years of operation. We present results of the photocurrent in LYSO+SiPM packages induced by Co- $60~\gamma $ -rays and Cf-252 neutrons of the expected dose rate and neutron flux, respectively. The $\gamma $ -ray-induced readout noise is about 30 keV, which is negligible when compared to the 4.2-MeV signal from the minimum ionization particle signals. The neutron-induced readout noise is about 7 keV, which is more than a factor of 4 smaller than that from the $\gamma $ -rays.
Medical decision making about long-term artificial nutrition after severe stroke: a case report

Choosing to use a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG tube) for long term artificial nutrition in the setting of inadequate oral intake after stroke is complex because the decision must be made in a relatively short amount of time and prognosis is often uncertain. This case study utilized interviews with attending and resident neurologists, and surrogate medical decision makers in order to examine how neurologists and surrogate medical decision makers approached the decision to either receive a PEG tube or pursue comfort measures after severe stroke in two patients. Although these two patients presented with similar clinical characteristics and faced similar medical decisions, different decisions regarding PEG tube placement were made. Major challenges included physicians who did not agree on prognosis and surrogates who did not agree on whether to place a PEG tube. These cases demonstrate the importance of the role of the surrogate medical decision maker and the necessity of physicians and surrogate medical decision makers approaching the complex decision of PEG tube placement after stroke together. Additionally, these cases highlight the differing views on what defines a good quality of life and show the vital importance of high-quality goals of care conversations about prognosis and quality of life when deciding whether to place a PEG tube after severe stroke.
Immunofluorescent staining of cancer spheroids and fine-needle aspiration-derived organoids

Summary Our organoid generation technique has allowed for the development of downstream organoid applications. Here, we detail an accessible, straightforward protocol for immunofluorescent staining and imaging of thyroid cancer organoids, particularly those with tumor de-differentiation. Immunofluorescence is a powerful tool to help understand the localization of cell types within organoids and determine the interactions between those cells. As organoids have been shown to recapitulate patient tumor morphology, immunofluorescent staining and imaging of organoids allows for enhanced understanding of near in vivo structures. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lee et al. (2020) and Vilgelm et al. (2020) .
Comparison of bioconcentration and kinetics of GenX in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus in fresh and brackish water

Abstract Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are a broad suite of chemicals commonly found in the environment, aquatic organisms and even drinking water. They include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals and compounds added to consumer products. The CEC ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-heptafluoropropoxy propanoic acid, which is more commonly known as generic name GenX, is a replacement of common processing aid longer chain perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) due to a manufacturing shift in 2002 following the EPA stewardship program of 2015/16 in USA (USEPA, 2006). However, recently reported in North Carolina drinking water, GenX raising concerns about its accumulation in aquatic organisms, both wild and cultured, which could be a pathway for human exposure. To examine GenX accumulation and potential for human exposure, tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fingerlings were dosed with GenX for up to 96 h in fresh (0 ppt) or brackish (16 ppt) water to determine uptake and bioconcentration. Depuration values were also determined after a 96 h exposure followed by 96 h without exposure. Bioconcentration was in decreasing order of plasma > liver > carcass > muscle, with higher distribution to liver followed by carcass and muscle. Muscle was found to have the highest half-life (1278 h) followed by carcass (532 h), plasma (106 h), and liver (152 h). The rate of uptake and depuration was positively affected by the salinity. As bioconcentration in all tissues increased with increasing salinity, this may raise concern for marine organisms and human exposure.
Is This the Right Tool for Our Library? A Look at E-Mail Virtual Reference Use Patterns

The desire to cater to users' needs with new and faster technologies drives development in virtual reference at many libraries. While many articles illustrate the benefits and quality of synchronous chat and IM reference, there remain numerous libraries that use e-mail reference as their only virtual service. Using data collected over a four-year period, the authors assess the value of a commercial reference tool at a mid-sized academic library to evaluate whether the current virtual reference service meets user demand. Time, use, cost, staffing, and community needs are addressed in an effort to improve e-mail reference in the current environment.
The occurrence of a verruca vulgaris on an intraoral skin graft. A unique growth with significant implications.

Abstract A verruca vulgaris developed on a skin graft to the oral cavity. This is the first such lesion described. The implications of a skin lesion developing in the oral environment are discussed. Inconsistent references to the verruca vulgaris in the oral pathology literature are demonstrated, and an attempt is made to clarify the situation.
High Pressure Strength of Shocked Aluminum

Unloading wave experiments were used to determine the material strength and release adiabats in pure and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy over the stress range of 50–100 GPa. The experimental adiabats are in good agreement with theoretical calculations, assuming a constant ργ. The strength measurements show that a maximum occurs for shock states above 20 GPa and that a general softening of the strength is evident between 40 and 100 GPa.
Design and Analysis of Low‐Density Parity‐Check Codes for Applications to Perpendicular Recording Channels

In this paper we introduce a novel class of a very high-rate low-density parity check codes and analyze their performance in a perpendicular magnetic recording system. Our codes are well-structured and, unlike random codes, can lend themselves to a very low complexity implementation for high speed applications. Keywords: low-density parity check (LDPC) codes; balanced incomplete block design (BIBD); base blocks; cyclic difference family; turbo decoding
A case study using support vector machines, neural networks and logistic regression in a GIS to identify wells contaminated with nitrate-N

Accurate and inexpensive identification of potentially contaminated wells is critical for water resources protection and management. The objectives of this study are to 1) assess the suitability of approximation tools such as neural networks (NN) and support vector machines (SVM) integrated in a geographic information system (GIS) for identifying contaminated wells and 2) use logistic regression and feature selection methods to identify significant variables for transporting contaminants in and through the soil profile to the groundwater. Fourteen GIS derived soil hydrogeologic and landuse parameters were used as initial inputs in this study. Well water quality data (nitrate-N) from 6,917 wells provided by Florida Department of Environmental Protection (USA) were used as an output target class. The use of the logistic regression and feature selection methods reduced the number of input variables to nine. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used for evaluation of these approximation tools. Results showed superior performance with the NN as compared to SVM especially on training data while testing results were comparable. Feature selection did not improve accuracy; however, it helped increase the sensitivity or true positive rate (TPR). Thus, a higher TPR was obtainable with fewer variables.
Mapping the Terrain of a Foucauldian Ethics: A Response to the Surveillance of Schooling

Educators find themselves in the midst of arising tide of urban school reform marked byevermore centrally designed and monitoredsystems of accountability. In response to thislooming high-stakes gaze of surveillance, thisessay offers an ethics of educationalleadership predicated upon taking up thechallenge of creatively and courageouslyauthoring one's ethical self. It seeks tocontribute to mapping an ethical terrain whichcan support the production of pedagogicalpractices, initiatives, and agendas asdistinctive, bold responses to theproliferation of one-dimensional,technicist-driven efforts which narrowlycalculate and assess student learning, teacherwork, school effectiveness, and which offeranemic, foreclosed readings of a possiblefuture. My claim is that a consideration ofFoucault's ethics draws us closer torecognizing what such a project would mean andask of the educator as leader.
Upscaling CO2 fluxes using leaf, soil and chamber measurements across successional growth stages in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem

Abstract Understanding and upscaling CO 2 flux drivers from components (leaf and soil) to net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is critical to modeling exchange of terrestrial ecosystems. Our main objectives were to determine abiotic and biotic drivers of NEE, upscale CO 2 fluxes from component measurements and validate the upscaling method using independent ecosystem scale (chamber) measurements. We measured four big sagebrush successional stages Wyoming, USA: recent growth (2 years since disturbance, ysd), establishment (9 ysd), expansion (20 ysd), and mature (38 ysd). Leaf biomass correlated with NEE (p E ). R E correlated without leaf respiration (R L ) added to soil respiration (R S , p = 0.01, slope 1.2, intercept 1.44) and with R L added to R S (p 2 flux estimates when upscaling.
V-band integrated on-chip antenna implemented with a partially reflective surface in standard 0.13-µm BiCMOS technology

This paper presents a V-band on-chip triangular planar monopole antenna using IBM 0.13-µm BiCMOS technology. A partially reflective surface (PRS), which is realized with a dual-layered Gangbuster type-4 FSS structure, is exploited to increase the antenna frequency bandwidth, radiation efficiency and gain. The overall size of the antenna, including the PRS, is 0.86 mm2. The measured S 11 is smaller than −17 dB from 54 to 66 GHz, while the maximum measured antenna gain is 1.42 dB at 69.5 GHz. The maximum simulated antenna efficiency is 41% at 65 GHz.
Airway assessment by volumetric computed tomography in snorers and subjects with obstructive sleep apnea in a Far-East Asian population (Chinese).

Objectives To evaluate the airway dimension of simple snorers and subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a Far-East Asian population (Chinese). Study Design Prospective study of 117 near-consecutive patients evaluated for snoring and possible OSA from January 1998 to December 1998 in a sleep laboratory. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed on all patients and the sleep parameters, including respiratory disturbance index (RDI), snoring index, minimal oxygen saturation (min O2), percentage of slow wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) were recorded. Three-dimensional computerized tomography (CT) during awake periods was performed. The anteroposterior (AP) and the lateral distance of the retropalatal (RP) region in the oropharynx, the smallest area of RP, and retroglossal (RG) regions, and the total volume of the oropharynx were measured. Result Ninety-eight patients were diagnosed with OSA (mean RDI, 41.48 ± 26.45 events per hour; min O2, 72.82 ± 12.86%), whereas 19 were simple snorers. The AP and the lateral distance of the RP region, as well as the smallest area of the RP region, are significantly smaller in subjects with OSA. However, no differences in the RG region and the total volume of the oropharynx were found between the two groups. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the lateral dimension and the smallest RP area in overweight subjects inversely correlated with the RDI, but only the AP dimension of the RP area was found to have an inverse correlation with the RDI in the underweight subjects. Conclusion In Far-East Asians (Chinese), the RP airway was found to be the primary site of narrowing in subjects with OSA, and the narrowest RP area was inversely correlated with RDI. Furthermore, weight may influence the pattern of RP narrowing by contributing to lateral collapse.
Enhancement of rice productivity and soil fertility through system integration of organic and mineral fertilizers in Vertisols

Field experiments were conducted in a Vertisol for two years to study the response of lowland rice to N from organic and mineral fertilizer tested at N equivalence. The treatments consisted of different organic materials as N fertilizer, viz composted coir pith green manure, sugarcane trash compost, vermicompost, poultry manure and farmyard manure (FYM) applied at 100% N and combination of 50% N from above organic materials and 50% N from urea besides 100% N through urea and control. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was 120:60:60 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha−1. The results revealed that addition of organics or urea or both enhanced the growth, rice yield and nutrient status over control. The highest grain yield (4.95, 5.33 t ha−1) and straw yield (7.31, 7.73 t ha− 1) for the two years were noticed with vermicompost plus urea (50% N each) which was on par with poultry manure plus urea (50% N each). Combined use of organic fertilizer along with mineral N recorded higher concentrations of NH4-N and NO3-N in...