cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-Teaching in Middle School Classrooms under Routine Conditions: Does the Instructional Experience Differ for Students with Disabilities in Co-Taught and Solo-Taught Classes.

Co-teaching is a popular strategy for implementing the inclusion of students with disabilities within secondary general education classrooms. However, we have little data regarding its effectiveness under routine conditions of educational practice. This study examined whether there was an “additive effect” of the special education teacher on the instructional experiences of students with disabilities as compared with the experiences of the same students taught by only the general education teacher under routine conditions. Observers used time sampling methods to document how students with disabilities spent their time in 11 middle school co-taught classes. Statistically significant differences were found for targeted students in terms of general education teacher interaction and individual instruction. General education teachers spent significantly less time with students with disabilities when the special education teacher was present. In addition, students with disabilities received significantly more individual instruction when the special education teacher was present. However, these differences were of limited practical significance.
Bringing Networks In: A model of organizational socialization in the public sector

AbstractIntegrating new employees so that they perform well, fit in well and are committed to the agency is a salient concern for public managers. Organizational socialization is the process by which new employees learn the knowledge, skills and values required to become organizational members. This article develops a model of organizational socialization grounded in newcomer social networks and set within a context of public service identity. Social network theory and methods offer a means for examining and interpreting patterns of interactions between newcomers and organizational members. This article concludes with propositions for future studies of organizational socialization and social networks.
The theory of gamma-ray emergence in supernova 1987A

It was anticipated that the decay of Co-56 to Fe-56 in SN1987A would give rise to detectable gamma-ray emission at 847 and 1238 keV with a peak flux of 0.001 photon/sq cm/s about one year after the explosion. Both these lines were detected in August, with a strength within a factor of two of 0.001 photon/sq cm/s, but about six months earlier than predicted. It is shown here that the early emergence of gamma-rays can be accounted for in a 'mixed' model in which an approximately isotropic process destroys chemical segregation with respect to radial mass coordinate and velocity.
Applying reverse regression techniques in earnings–return analyses

Abstract Measurement error in unexpected earnings is recognized as a source of bias in examinations of the relation between earnings and returns. Reverse regression procedures are commonly used as a means of coping with this bias. This study examines the properties of reverse regression procedures in multi-interacted variable settings with a specific focus on the earnings response coefficient (ERC) analysis of Collins and Kothari (J. Account. Econom. 11 (1989) 143.). It shows that both conventional reverse regression techniques and novel techniques employed by Collins and Kothari are not robust. It also demonstrates how reverse regression techniques can be successfully employed in such settings using non-interacted-variable designs.
Modern Biotechnology as an Integral Supplement to Conventional Plant Breeding: The Prospects and Challenges

The art of plant breeding was developed long before the laws of genetics became known. The advent of the principles of genetics at the turn of the last century catalyzed the growth of breeding, making it a science-based technology that has been instrumental in substantial improvements in crop plants. Largely through exploitation of hybrid vigor, grain yields of several cereal crops were substantially increased. Intervarietal and interspecific hybridizations, coupled with appropriate cytogenetic manipulations, proved useful in moving genes for resistance to diseases and insect pests from suitable alien donors into crop cultivars. Plant improvement has been further accelerated by biotechnological tools of gene transfer, to engineer new traits into plants that are very difficult to introduce by traditional breeding. The successful deployment of transgenic approaches to combat insect pests and diseases of important crops like rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a remarkable accomplishment. Biofortification of crops constitutes another exciting development in tackling global hunger and malnutrition. Golden Rice, genetically enriched with vitamin A and iron, has, for example,the real potential of saving millions of lives. Yet another exciting application of transgenic technology is in the production of edible vaccines against deadly diseases. How these novel approaches to gene transfer can effectively supplement the conventional breeding programs is described. The current resistance to acceptance of this novel technology should be assessed and overcome so that its full potential in crop improvement can be realized. A PARAMOUNT FACTOR in the evolution of human civilizations was a steady supply of food. Food production is therefore the oldest profession of humanity. The processes of crop cultivation and selection were an integral part of human activity. Although early “plant breeding” was developed essentially as an art, its scientific basis became well established with the rediscovery of laws of genetics at the turn of the last century. And with the application of the principles of genetics to crop improvement, the period from 1930 to 1970 witnessed a phenomenal increase in crop yields, particularly of cereal grains (Khush, 1999). Largely through exploitation of hybrid vigor, maize, pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]registeredaconsiderableincreaseingrainyields
T Cells Potentiate PTH-Induced Cortical Bone Loss through CD40L Signaling

Summary Parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes bone catabolism by targeting bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (SCs) and their osteoblastic progeny. Here we show that a continuous infusion of PTH that mimics hyperparathyroidism fails to induce osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and cortical bone loss in mice lacking T cells. T cells provide proliferative and survival cues to SCs and sensitize SCs to PTH through CD40 ligand (CD40L), a surface molecule of activated T cells that induces CD40 signaling in SCs. As a result, deletion of T cells or T cell-expressed CD40L blunts the bone catabolic activity of PTH by decreasing bone marrow SC number, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/OSTEOPROTEGERN (OPG) ratio, and osteoclastogenic activity. Therefore, T cells play an essential permissive role in hyperparathyroidism as they influence SC proliferation, life span, and function through CD40L. T cell-SC crosstalk pathways may thus provide pharmacological targets for PTH-induced bone disease.
Analyzing water distribution systems for swine growing and finishing units

An analysis procedure for livestock water distribution systems with nipple waterers is presented. The procedure uses the finite element analysis techniques to calculate the pressure distribution in a system with several branches and nipple waterers. The procedure also optimize the system for flow uniformity and cost. The formulation allows the use of the drop inlet as a discharge point to reduce the size of the solution matrix. The discharge parameters were developed at this inlet using waterer flow characteristics. The flow rate at each nipple waterer can be then calculated based on the drop inlet pressure. The solution for a typical network is presented. The method can be used as the basis for the design and evaluation of water distribution systems in swine growing and finishing units.
Optimal Trajectory Planning for Hot-Air Balloons in Linear Wind Fields

The altitude of hot-air balloons is controlled by heating the air trapped inside the balloon and allowing the air to cool naturally. Apart from controlling the altitude, it is desirable to utilize the wind e eld to position the balloon at a target location while minimizing fuel consumption. This can be posed as an optimal control problem with free end states, where the heat input to the system is the control variable. The problem is intractable because of the switching nature of the heat input and highly nonlinear state equations derived from the thermodynamic model of the balloon. In this paper we address the optimal control problem within a space of a few kilometers where we assume the wind e elds to be known and linear. We simplify the dynamic model of the balloon and obtain optimal trajectories to the target location by solving a two-point boundary-value problem. By ree ning the simplie ed dynamic model, the accuracy of the optimal trajectories are improved to match well with trajectories obtained using the nonlinear model. Our approach based on simplie cation of the balloon dynamic model enables us to solve the intractable nonlinear optimal control problem and provides insight into the optimal trajectories, such as numberof switchings of input and loss of accuracy for specie c wind proe les. Except for these specie c wind proe les, our approach yields accurate trajectories for the balloon and providesa solution to an important problem that has not been adequately addressed in the literature.
Abstract 512: Reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment by stromalPten-regulated miR-320

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as an essential collaborator for tumor cell growth and dissemination. However, our understanding of how the dialogue between stroma and tumor occurs at the molecular level is rudimentary. Recently, we showed that the genetic inactivation of Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (Pten) in mouse mammary fibroblasts (MMFs) accelerates the initiation, progression and malignant transformation of mammary epithelial tumors and that this was associated with the activation of the transcription factor v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (ETS2). In order to provide a molecular framework that defines how Pten deletion in MMFs, reprograms expression of other cells in the tumor microenvironment we carried out global miR profiling of Pten-/- MMFs. Among several significant changes in the miR expression profile compared with wild type MMFs, a novel and highly significant down-regulation of miR-320 was detected. We found that miR-320 in Pten-/- MMFs acted as a tumor suppressor to inhibit epithelial tumor growth in vivo, providing the first evidence for tumor suppressive functions of miRs outside the confines of the tumor cell. Proteomic analysis of the extracellular matrix showed that down-regulation of miR-320 in stromal fibroblasts induces a tumor-promoting secretome that incites profound changes in endothelial and epithelial cell phenotypes typical of malignant tumors. We found ETS2 as a direct target of miR-320 that was largely responsible for regulating the expression of the fibroblast-specific secretome. Multispectral imaging of human invasive breast carcinoma samples revealed a positive correlation between PTEN and miR-320 downregulation and negative correlation between miR-320 and ETS2 expression. Importantly, we show that expression of the miR-320/ETS2 regulated secretome can distinguish tumor stroma form normal breast stroma in breast cancer patients and can retrospectively predict patient outcome in multiple breast cancer gene expression data sets.These results extend the concept of miR function beyond the tumor cell boundary and define a network of communication between tumor fibroblasts and tumor cells that can potentially be targeted in human cancer. This work reveals miR-320 as a critical component of the Pten tumor suppressor axis that acts in stromal fibroblasts to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and curtail tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 512. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-512
Geometrization of the physics with teleparallelism. I. The classical interactions

A connection viewed from the perspective of integration has the Bianchi identities as constraints. It is shown that the removal of these constraints admits a natural solution on manifolds endowed with a metric and teleparallelism. In the process, the equations of structure and the Bianchi identities take standard forms of field equations and conservation laws.
Spatial characterisation of multi-level in-use copper and zinc stocks in Australia

Abstract A methodology has been developed to characterise the in-use stocks of copper and zinc at a variety of spatial levels. The approach employs representative concentrations of copper and zinc in their main in-use reservoirs (which account for virtually all the metal put into service) together with geographic information system (GIS) data sets of the spatial locations and densities of these reservoirs. The authors have applied this methodology to Australia at four spatial levels: central city, urban region, states/territories, and country, to produce what is believed to be the first multi-level spatial characterisations of the in-use stocks of technological materials. The results are presented quantitatively and as a series of stock density maps for Inner Sydney, Sydney Metro, all Australian states/territories, and Australia itself. The total stocks in Australia are estimated at about 4.3 Tg Cu (4.3 thousand million kg) and 3.8 Tg Zn (3.8 thousand million kg), or about 240 kg Cu/capita and 205 kg Zn/capita. A statistical analysis of the data shows that the metal stock density at a given spatial level is largely determined by a small number of high-density components at the next lower level. The spatial analysis of the in-use stocks indicates that 50% of all copper and zinc stock resides in just 10% of Australia's local government areas. The largest stocks occur in large urban regions, which can contain copper and zinc densities more than a hundred times higher than rural areas. These regions are expected to be major Australian “metal mines” in the future.
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Suppresses Rat Myometrial Connexin 43 Gap Junction Protein Expression during Pregnancy

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) is active in the gravid uterus, and its activity decreases prior to the onset of parturition. We tested the hypothesis that NO helps maintain uterine quiescence by suppressing the expression of genes necessary for parturition. Pregnant rats (18 days gestation) were treated with inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor N-iminoethyl-L-lysine (NIL) or endothelial NOS inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); 24 h later, uteri were analyzed for myometrial connexin 43 (Cx43) protein by immunoblotting and mRNA by Northern analysis. Myometrial oxytocin receptors (OTR) were measured by radioligand binding, and decidual prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) protein by immunoblotting. Uterine NOS blockade was verified by NOS activity assay. We found that NIL, but not L-NAME, significantly increased myometrial Cx43 protein to parturitional levels with treatment at 19 but not 17 days gestation. Steady state mRNA concentrations were not changed at 24 h. NOS inhibition did not increase the concentrations of OTR, or PGHS protein, nor did it decrease maternal serum progesterone. We conclude that endogenous uterine NO from iNOS suppresses myometrial Cx43 gap junction protein expression during rat pregnancy. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, an increase of uterine wall stretch due to inhibition of relaxation could account for increased Cx43 gene transcription.
The Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist (−)-2-Oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate (LY379268) and Clozapine Reverse Phencyclidine-Induced Behaviors in Monoamine-Depleted Rats

Recent studies have indicated that the selective group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor agonist (−)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0.]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate (LY379268) shares common biochemical and pharmacological effects with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. The present study aimed to further investigate these similarities (or differences) in monoamine-depleted animals by using the phencyclidine (PCP) model. Animals were pretreated 24 h before PCP administration with (i.p.) vehicle, α-methyl-dl- p -tyrosine methyl ester (α-MPT; 400 mg/kg), ordl- p -chlorophenyl-alanine methyl ester (PCPA; 300 mg/kg) injections. α-MPT and PCPA pretreatment significantly and selectively reduced catecholamine (dopamine and norepinepherine) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, respectively, in whole brain tissue. Both LY379268 and clozapine (s.c.) blocked PCP-evoked ambulatory activity and fine movements in control, α-MPT-, and PCPA-treated animals. In contrast, the typical antipsychotic haloperidol (s.c.) attenuated PCP behaviors in control and PCPA-pretreated animals, but was without effect in subjects pretreated with α-MPT. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid/kainate-selective antagonist (3 S ,4 aR ,6 R ,8 aR )-6-[2-(1(2)OH-tetrazole-6-yl)ethyl]decahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (LY293558) attenuated locomotor activity in α-MPT-treated animals only, whereas the 5-HT2A/2C-selective antagonist ketanserin was effective at reducing ambulations and fine movements in control and α-MPT-treated animals. Taken together, these data indicate an important role for glutamatergic and serotonergic mechanisms for PCP-evoked behaviors in catecholamine-depleted animals and suggest that like clozapine, LY379268 is more effective than typical antipsychotics in these models. This study further supports the potential use of group II mGlu agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Cortical α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and β-amyloid levels in early Alzheimer disease

Objective To examine α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide load in superior frontal cortex (SFC) across clinical and neuropathological stages of Alzheimer disease (AD). Design Quantitative measures of α7 nAChR by [3H]methyllycaconitine binding and Aβ concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in SFC were compared across subjects with antemortem clinical classification of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, or mild to moderate AD, and with postmortem neuropathological diagnoses. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects Twenty-nine elderly retired clergy. Main Outcome Measures Quantitative measures of α7 nAChR binding and Aβ peptide concentration in SFC. Results Higher concentrations of total Aβ peptide in SFC were associated with clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate AD (P = .02), lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores (P = .003), presence of cortical Aβ plaques (P = .02), and likelihood of AD diagnosis by the National Institute on Aging–Reagan criteria (P = .002). Increased α7 nAChR binding was associated with National Institute on Aging–Reagan diagnosis (P = .02) and, albeit weakly, the presence of cortical Aβ plaques (P = .08). There was no correlation between the 2 biochemical measures. Conclusions These observations suggest that during the clinical progression from normal cognition to neurodegenerative disease state, total Aβ peptide concentration increases while α7 nAChRs remain relatively stable in SFC. Regardless of subjects' clinical status, however, elevated α7 nAChR binding is associated with increased Aβ plaque pathology, supporting the hypothesis that cellular expression of these receptors may be upregulated selectively in Aβ plaque–burdened brain areas.
Impaired Passive Maintenance and Spared Manipulation of Internal Representations in Patients With Schizophrenia

Working memory (WM) impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia (SZ), but the integrity of the various components of WM is unclear. After encoding, mental representations must be maintained in WM during the delay period. In addition to maintenance, manipulation of internal representation can occur in WM. It has been argued that manipulation of items in WM is more impaired than simple maintenance in SZ, but direct empirical data to support this claim have been mixed. Discrepant findings among studies might be explained by task parameters, specifically the degree to which the manipulation task places demands on encoding and maintenance processes. The present study set out to examine these components of WM in patients with SZ (n = 20) and demographically matched healthy controls (n = 19) using a spatial delayed response task (DRT) to measure maintenance processes and 2 mental rotation tasks (allocentric and egocentric) with no delay period or restriction on encoding time to measure manipulation processes. Consistent with previous findings, patients were impaired on the spatial DRT. However, patients performed equally well on the egocentric mental rotation task and were more accurate than controls on the allocentric mental rotation task as the required degree of rotation increased. These results indicated impaired maintenance and spared manipulation of representations in WM and suggest a pocket of cognitive function that might be enhanced in SZ.
Phosphorus in soils of temperate forests: linkages to acidity and aluminum.

We used P fractionation techniques to study the accumulation, mobilization, and availability of soil P in six watersheds of the eastern United States and Europe, two of which included paired long-term acidifi cation experiments. Although total soil P concentrations varied widely among these watersheds, the proportions of P fractions were relatively uniform. Th e mean for the P fraction operationally defi ned as being associated with Al in the reference watersheds was 71% of total extractable P (SE ≤ 1%). Experimental whole-watershed acidifi cation resulted in signifi cant depletion of Al-P concentrations from the upper mineral soil in treated watersheds due to the dissolution of Al hydroxide by acidic solutions traveling along shallow fl ow paths. Acidic soil solutions mobilize both Al and P, leading to P depletion from the Al-P fraction in the mineral soils. Across this suite of watersheds, lower pH appears to decrease Al/P ratios in the Al-P fraction of these mineral soils through changes in Al solubility. Biocycling in these forests can play a critical role in linking subsurface mineral soil P to surface O horizon available P. In this study, sites with the lowest mineral subsoil Al/P ratios generally had the lowest mineral soil pH values and the highest O horizon available P concentrations. Th e net eff ect was to leave subsoil P more bioavailable at the lower pH values because of a lower Al/P ratio in the mineral subsoil at the pH range of 3.1 to 4.6 found in this study. Th ese results suggest that changes in soil acidity due to management, air pollutants, or pedogenesis could shift P availability by altering acidity and the Al/P balance.
Characterization of three transcripts encoding small heat shock proteins expressed in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Codling moth is a major pest of apples and pears worldwide. Increasing knowledge of how this insect responds to environmental stress will improve field and post- harvestcontrolmeasuresusedagainstit.Thesmallheatshockproteins(sHsps)playamajor role in cellular responses to environmental stressors. A degenerate oligonucleotide primer, designed against the conserved α-crystallin domain, was used in 3 � rapid amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends reactions to amplify transcripts encoding sHsps expressed in the codling moth cell line, Cp169, subjected to heat shock. Three full-length cDNAs were cloned from Cp169 cells that contained open reading frames encoding sHsps. ThecDNAforCpHsp19.8was795bpencoding177aminoacids.ThecDNAforCpHsp19.9 was749bpencoding175aminoacids.ThecDNAforCpHsp22.2was737bpencoding192 amino acids. Analysis of the protein sequences of the three CpHsps indicated the presence of 83 amino acids with homology to the α-crystallin domain. For each of the CpHsps, the α-crystallin domain was surrounded by divergent N- and C-terminal regions, consistent with the conserved structural features of sHsps. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, used to determine the expression patterns of each of the sHsps in different developmental stages of codling moth revealed the presence of transcripts in all stages tested. Consistent with characteristicsofothersHsps,expressionofCpHsptranscriptsweregreatlyenhancedwhen insects were subjected to heat shock. The results of this research can be used as a guide to study the roles of sHsps in codling moth control using various post-harvest treatments.
Small cell lung cancer presenting as severe thrombocytopenia and refractory hypokalemia.

A 70-year-old female with a history of mild cirrhosis was referred by her primary care provider for a platelet count of 36,000/μL which had dropped from 47,000/μL in a week along with mild pain in extremities. Serum potassium was low (2.9 mEq/L) in spite of the patient being recently started on potassium supplement on outpatient for hypokalemia. Initially thrombocytopenia was attributed to cirrhosis. However, platelet counts continued to drop to a nadir of 9000/μL in spite of several platelet transfusions. Hypokalemia was refractory to potassium supplements. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed extensive marrow necrosis with a focus of small cell tumor cells of pulmonary origin. CT scan of the chest showed a spiculated left lung mass. The ACTH level was high, with normal rennin and aldosterone levels. The patient likely had ectopic ACTH syndrome from small cell lung cancer. She died within few days of diagnosis. Severe thrombocytopenia and refractory hypokalemia can rarely be initial presentations of small cell lung cancer. Thrombocytopenia should prompt an evaluation for bone marrow metastases and a search for undiagnosed systemic malignancy. In severe cases of metastases, bone marrow necrosis can be present. Refractory hypokalemia can be the sole presentation of ectopic ACTH production.
Oligomerization of the Na,K-ATPase in Cell Membranes

The higher order oligomeric state of the Na,K-ATPase alphabeta heterodimer in cell membranes is the subject of controversy. We have utilized the baculovirus-infected insect cell system to express Na,K-ATPase with alpha-subunits bearing either His(6) or FLAG epitopes at the carboxyl terminus. Each of these constructs produced functional Na,K-ATPase alphabeta heterodimers that were delivered to the plasma membrane (PM). Cells were simultaneously co-infected with viruses encoding alpha-His/beta and alpha-FLAG/beta Na,K-ATPases. Co-immunoprecipitation of the His-tagged alpha-subunit in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and PM fractions of co-infected cells by the anti-FLAG antibody demonstrates that protein-protein associations exist between these heterodimers. This suggests the Na,K-ATPase is present in cell membranes in an oligomeric state of at least (alphabeta)(2) composition. Deletion of 256 amino acid residues from the central cytoplasmic loop of the alpha-subunit results in the deletion alpha-4,5-loop-less (alpha-4,5LL), which associates with beta but is confined to the ER. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that when this inactive alpha-4,5LL/beta heterodimer is co-expressed with wild-type alphabeta, oligomers of wild-type alphabeta and alpha-4,5LL/beta form in the ER, but the alpha-4,5LL mutant remains retained in the ER, and the wild-type protein is still delivered to the PM. We conclude that the Na,K-ATPase is present as oligomers of the monomeric alphabeta heterodimer in native cell membranes.
Brain computerized tomography in subtypes of severe chronic schizophrenia

Computerized tomographic (CT) brain scans were obtained in severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized in a long-term in-patient facility of a Veterans Administration hospital, and compared to CT brain scans from an age, sex and education-matched normal control population. In contrast to results obtained in our previous studies with younger, less severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients, the current study population exhibited significantly increased rankings of third ventricular size and of fronto-tempero-sylvian atrophy, compared to normal control subjects.
Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Herpes Zoster Among Children in the Varicella Vaccine Era, 2005–2009

Background. Vaccine-strain herpes zoster (HZ) can occur after varicella vaccination. This study determined the number and proportion of HZ cases caused by vaccine-strain varicella zoster virus (VZV), assessed the positive predictive value of provider diagnosis of HZ, and computed HZ incidence rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Methods. We used electronic medical records to identify all office visits with an HZ diagnosis for children aged <18 years in a managed care plan. Providers collected skin specimens and completed a questionnaire. Specimens were tested by polymerase chain reaction to identify wild-type or vaccine-strain VZV. Results. From May 2005 to September 2009, we enrolled 322 subjects. VZV was detected in 82% of specimens (84% wild-type, 15% vaccine-strain, 1% possible vaccine–wild-type recombinant). Among the 118 vaccinated subjects, VZV was detected in 70% (52% wild-type). The positive predictive value for provider diagnosis of “definite HZ” was 93% for unvaccinated and 79% for vaccinated children. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed HZ was 48 per 100 000 person-years in vaccinated children (both wild-type and vaccine-strain) and 230 per 100 000 personyears in unvaccinated children (wild-type only). Conclusions. HZ incidence in vaccinated children was 79% lower than in unvaccinated children. Among vaccinated children, half of HZ cases were due to wild-type VZV.
Experimental and analytical investigation of a pulsed power conditioning system for magnetic flux compression generators

The pulsed power conditioning system (PPCS) is one of the key enabling technologies for using the energy output of a magnetic flux compression generator (MFCG). This paper shows the results of comprehensive experimental studies of an inductive energy storage system using an exploding wire fuse. The effects of metal oxide varistors (MOVs) for use as pulse-shaping devices are also presented. The experimental results are complemented by a comprehensive evaluation and interpretation of the results using the tools available in the professional version of MathCAD.
Optical diffraction of focused spots and subwavelength structures

We have developed a numerical diffraction tool for cases in which the incident field is a focused spot and the diffracting structure is a single structure or an aperiodic surface. Our approach uses the integral formulation to solve Maxwell’s equations and is different from previously published methods in its choice of basis function. We compared numerical results with experimental measurements of the far-field intensity for a focused spot incident on an aluminum grating, and the comparison was favorable. Finally, we predict the diffraction behavior of the proposed digital video disk format for the next generation of optical disk. Our analysis shows that the reflected signal for this format has a strong dependence on the polarization of the incident light.
Atomic vibration-induced 1/ƒ noise in sensing nanomaterials

Results demonstrating that the temperature dependence of the 1/f noise intensity in a gold nanoparticle-chemosensor and metallic nanowires is the image of the atomic vibration (phonon) spectrum of the metals they were made of are presented. To this purpose, existing noise data for gold nanoparticles (C. Kurdak et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 073506, 2005 [1]) and silver and copper nanowires (A. Bid, A. Bora and A. K. Raychaudhuri, Phys. Rev. B 72, 113415, 2005 [2]) are compared with the phonon density of states or phonon dispersion curves of gold, silver and copper, respectively, as determined by neutron/(helium atoms) inelastic scattering (HAS) or high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). It is shown that the noise structure in gold nanoparticles is the image of the gold bulk phonon density of states. In silver nanowires, a noise maximum at 220K is in excellent correspondence with the bulk longitudinal phonon density of states of silver. Other weaker noise peaks are correlated with the surface phonons, including Rayleigh modes. In the case of the copper nanowires, the highest noise peak at 260K is correlated with a transversal bulk phonon, while other peaks are in good agreement with the energy of some Rayleigh modes and surface resonances, at different points of symmetry of the copper surface Brillouin zone. These observations strongly support surface and bulk atomic thermal motion as fundamental sources of 1/f noise in nanoparticles and nanowires, with direct consequences on the physics, design and technology of nanosensors and other nanoelectronic devices.
Choice of antibiotic in open heart surgery

It is the purpose of this paper to investigate antibiotic prescribing for patients undergoing open heart surgery. Patient data were collected for approximately 2100 patients, with a focus on infection and antibiotic orders. Physicians were separated into high infection rate and low infection rate groups with 6% infection as the cutpoint. Market basket analysis and kernel density estimation were used to investigate the prescribing practices. The analysis indicated that there is a difference between the high infection and low infection groups in the amount and kind of antibiotic prescribed. Low infection physicians use more of the antibiotic, Cipro while high infection physicians use Levaquin. Once the difference is found, other statistical methods are used to examine details, including text analysis. A data mining analysis of medication prescriptions can lead to improved decision making and patient outcomes.
Новые возможности органосохраняющего лечения локализованного почечно-клеточного рака и его рецидива

Последнее десятилетие было ознаменовано более глубоким пониманием молекулярных путе и , ответственных за развитие почечно-клеточного рака (ПКР), достижениями в системном лечении диссеминированного ПКР, а также многочисленными дискуссиями по поводу выбора наиболее оптимального варианта лечения локализованных форм опухоли. Учитывая многочисленные данные о развитии почечно и недостаточности после хирургического лечения, а также возрастающее количество пациентов с ранними стадиями ПКР, важность органосохраняющего лечения нельзя недооценивать. Несмотря на отсутствие рандомизированных исследовани и , сравнивающих эффективность органосохраняющего лечения и радикально и нефрэктомии при ПКР, многочисленные ретроспективные данные указывают на сопоставимую эффективность обоих лечебных подходов при лучших показателях функции почек в случае органосохраняющего лечения. Поэтому органосохраняющее лечение все чаще используется как для открытых, так и для малоинвазивных хирургических вмешательств. В данном обзоре будут представлены данные, подтверждающие необходимость органосохраняющего лечения при ПКР, и описаны новые возможности метода, включая лапароскопические методики с участием роботизированно и техники, аблацию и повторные хирургические вмешательства на почке.
There's No Place Like Home: Xie Lingyun's Representation of His Estate in “Rhapsody on Dwelling in the Mountains”

AbstractIn his monumental work, “Rhapsody on Dwelling in the Mountains” (“Shanju fu”), Xie Lingyun describes in detail the construction of his home in a setting that would constitute his style of reclusion and poetry, “mountains and rivers” (shanshui). This articles examines how Xie Lingyun built his home through architecture and discourse, and how shaping a home may bear upon the characterization of a particular brand of reclusion in early medieval China. Contrary to the prevailing early medieval view that regards reclusion as being in its loftier form when state of mind is prioritized over physical position, this rhapsody shows that for this scholar in retreat place actually matters. His rhapsody catalogues all varieties of animals and plants, related sceneries and industries, on his mountain estate. This encyclopedic enumeration of things and activities on his estate advances the claim of material self-sufficiency or completeness that he enjoys in his withdrawal, but creates a paradox with the spiritua...
Role of calcium in pathogenesis of acute renal failure.

The potential for calcium to play a key role in cell injury has been long suspected. Major sites of calcium action to promote cell injury include the plasma membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reti...
Bloom Features

We introduce a method for function-fitting that achieves high accuracy with a low memory footprint. For d-dimensional data and any user-specified m, we define a feature map from d to m dimensional Euclidean space with memory footprint O(m) that scales as follows: As m increases, the space of linear functions on our m-dimensional features approximates any MAX (or boolean OR) function on the d-dimensional inputs with expected error inversely proportional to m. Our method is the only one in existence with this scaling that can simultaneously run in O(m) time, process real-value inputs, and approximate non-linear functions, properties respectively not achieved by random Fourier features, b-bit Minwise Hashing, and Vowpal Wabbit, three competing methods. We achieve all three properties by using hashing (O(m) space) to implement a sparse-matrix multiply (O(m) time) with addition replaced by MAX (non-linear approximation). As these techniques are inspired by the Bloom filter, we call the vectors produced by our mapping Bloom features. We demonstrate that the scaling prefactors are reasonable by testing our method on simulated (Dirichlet distributions) and real (MNIST and webspam) datasets.
Ritualized Coping During War: Conflict, Congregation, and Emotions at the Late Pre-Hispanic Fortress of Acaray

Fear and anxiety are emotions that intensify during times of warfare. This paper explores the materiality of these emotions in the context of conflict and community restructuration. During the Late Intermediate Period (ca. AD 1000–1470) in the Huaura Valley of the coast of Peru, people converged to rebuild, and subsequently seek refuge in, the fortification at Acaray. Excavations at Acaray reveal it was used to defend against an attack during a time of upheaval. The people who congregated at Acaray carried out rituals inside the fort that probably ameliorated anxiety and fear. These emotions would have resulted not only from the threat of war, but from the convergence of groups who did not normally interact under such intense circumstances. Using ethnographic analogy, social theory, and detailed studies of offerings, I suggest rituals in times of war enabled people to deal with group tension, defense, security, and illnesses such as susto (soul loss).
Strategic Marketing: Betas, Boxes, Or Basics:

This paper is critical of both the financial and marketing approaches to resource allocation problems within the multiproduct, multimarket firm. It is suggested that the financial approach is helpful on the issue of shareholder risk but that the marketing strategy approaches, using box classifications, are ill defined and based on dubious empirical assumptions. Neither approach is the key to identifying sustainable competitive advantage. More emphasis is required on project based assessment of such factors as imitability, flexibility, and positional advantages, as well as specific cost effects.
Rate of Disappearance of Cholesterol-C14 from the Bloodstream of Dogs.

SummaryA simplified technic is offered for measuring plasma cholesterol-C14 after intravenous injection of this sterol; it consists of liquid scintillation counting of an alcohol-acetone extract of the plasma. The distribution of cholesterol-4-C14 in 2 normal dogs was calculated from a 60- to 70-day study of plasmatic radioactivity, assuming a 4-compartment mammillary system. Excretory rate constants of 1.5 and 1.6% per day of the retained dose were derived. Preliminary estimates of the “exchangeable cholesterol pool” were made. The size of this pool appeared to increase as serum cholesterol rose, either as the result of a high fat diet or of thyroidectomy.
Expression of heat shock protein 70 and anti-oxidant effect induced by lead nitrate in L02 cell line

Objective To investigate the heat shock protein 70(HSP70) expression and the changes of anti-oxidative ability in human embryonic liver cell line L-02 exposed to lead nitrate. Methods After 24 h exposure to 0, 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L lead nitrate solution, immunohistochemical technique was used to determine the expression of HSP70, and the changes of SOD, MDA and GSH-Px in L-02 cells were detected. Results In lead exposure groups of 20, 40 μmol/L,no significant cytotoxic effect appeared, HSP70 expression increased significantly, and SOD activity in 40 μmol/L group increased significantly compared with the negative control group(P0.05). Conclusion Lead nitrate with dose in this study may up-regulate HSP70 expression and increase SOD activity in L-02 cells.
Study on the Acute Toxicity of Water and Alcohol Extract of Radix Asteris

Objective To observe the acute toxicity of water and alcohol extract of radix asteris. Methods Kunming mice were used to test the LD 50 of water and alcohol extract of radix asteris. Results The LD 50 of water extract of radix asteris was 31.61g/kg, 95% confi dence interval was 30.04~33.26 g/kg. The LD 50 of alcohol extract of radix asteris was 19.19g/kg, 95% confi dence interval was 17.17~21.44g/kg. Conclusion The water and alcohol extract of radix asteris is safe for clinical administration.
Individual differences in behavioral activation and cardiac vagal control influence affective startle modification

The startle response (SR) has a close relationship with stress responses. Startle modification (SRM) has been widely used to study stress disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder). The framework of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS) has been thought to correspond with withdrawal and approach motivational processes underlying affective SRM and can influence stress reactivity. Vagally-mediated cardiac activity as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with SRM and regulatory processes during stress. In the present study, the influence of individual differences in the BIS/BAS and resting HRV on affective SRM were examined. Eighty-six subjects viewed affective pictures while acoustic SR stimuli were delivered. Individual differences in motivation were measured by the BIS/BAS scales. The magnitude of SR was assessed as electromyographic activity of the SR eyeblink during pictures of different valences. Resting HRV was derived from electrocardiography. In contrast to previous studies, the present results showed that startle inhibition and potentiation were related to BAS and HRV, but not to BIS. There was also an interaction of BAS and HRV, indicating that the relationship between HRV and SRM strengthened as BAS scores decreased. The present findings suggest that BAS may relate to both withdrawal and approach, and trait stress reactivity is influenced by BAS and cardiac vagal activity. In addition, BAS moderates the relationship between cardiac vagal activity and SRM. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for the study of SRM, stress disorders, and health.
CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells in treated HIV infection are functionally impaired by platelet interactions (VIR6P.1171)

In the era of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected patients have a better long-term prognosis than ever; however, increased inflammation and coagulation in HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and other morbidities. CD8 T cell expansion is characteristic of HIV infection and has been linked to increased morbidities especially cardiovascular disease in treated HIV infection. Here we have identified a population of circulating memory CD8 T cells that express the vascular endothelium homing receptor CX3CR1 (fractalkine receptor) and is enriched in ART-treated HIV+ patients. CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells have elevated expression of the platelet-binding receptor PSGL-1 and the thrombin-activated receptor PAR-1, suggesting a possible role in cardiovascular disease via endothelial localization and interactions with platelets and mediators of coagulation. We found that even though thrombin stimulation via PAR-1 could directly enhance CD8 T cell responses in vitro, CD8 T cell cytokine production was diminished in the presence of thrombin-activated platelets through mechanisms mediated in part by TGF-β. Thus, we have identified a population of circulating memory CD8 T cells in HIV infection that are activated by thrombin, are susceptible to platelet-mediated regulation, and could contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in ART-treated HIV-infected patients.
Restless Luxuries: Muffs in Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility

Chapter 2 looks specifically at Austens use of the muff as an accessory in Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility. I argue that Austens use of the muff in these novels emphasizes the conflicts inherent infernale performance, display, and desire, central to images of muffs in portraits and satiric prints. Whereas Marianne’s muff is a representation of her unique embodiment and sexuality -one that cannot survive in the world of the novel — Mrs Allen’s desire to “guess the value” of the muff in a shop window and her obsession with fashion and the dangers of ruining her costume are about her desperation to be visible and to produce herself as a legitimate subject. I propose that representations of muffs in these novels suggest strategies for reading that emphasize the significance of the world outside of the text.
Rethinking BPM in a Cognitive World: Transforming How We Learn and Perform Business Processes

If we are to believe the technology hype cycle, we are entering a new era of Cognitive Computing, enabled by advances in natural language processing, machine learning, and more broadly artificial intelligence. These advances, combined with evolutionary progress in areas such as knowledge representation, automated planning, user experience technologies, software-as-a-service and crowdsourcing, have the potential to transform many industries. In this paper, we discuss transformations of BPM that advances in the Cognitive Computing will bring. We focus on three of the most signficant aspects of this transformation, namely: (a) Cognitive Computing will enable “knowledge acquisition at scale”, which will lead to a transformation in Knowledge-intensive Processes (KiP’s); (b) We envision a new process meta-model will emerge that is centered around a “Plan-Act-Learn” cycle; and (c) Cognitive Computing can enable learning about processes from implicit descriptions (at both design- and run-time), opening opportunities for new levels of automation and business process support, for both traditional business processes and KiP’s. We use the term cognitive BPM to refer to a new BPM paradigm encompassing all aspects of BPM that are impacted and enabled by Cognitive Computing. We argue that a fundamental understanding of cognitive BPM requires a new research framing of the business process ecosystem. The paper presents a conceptual framework for cognitive BPM, a brief survey of state of the art in emerging areas of Cognitive BPM, and discussion of key directions for further research.