cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approach bias for erotic stimuli among heterosexual female college students who use pornography.

Abstract Repeated engagement in addictive behaviors may lead to relatively automatic action tendencies whereby individuals approach rather than avoid addictive stimuli. This study assessed whether an approach bias for erotic stimuli exists among heterosexual college-aged females who report using pornography. We tested 121 female undergraduates using an approach-avoidance task (AAT) employing both erotic and neutral stimuli, during which participants were instructed to push or pull a gaming joystick in response to image orientation. To simulate approach and avoidance movements, pulling the joystick enlarged the image and pushing shrunk the image. Severity of pornography use was assessed using the Brief Pornography Screener (BPS) and the Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS). Participants demonstrated a significant approach bias of 24.81 ms for erotic stimuli as compared to neutral stimuli, and this approach bias significantly positively correlated with PPUS scores. Moreover, approach bias scores were significantly positively correlated with anhedonia (as assessed by the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), indicating that the stronger the degree of approach for erotic stimuli, the more anhedonia that was observed. Anhedonia was not significantly associated with pornography use severity, however. Findings implicate both similarities and differences in problematic pornography use among female and male users. A limitation of the current study is that it assessed approach biases among only heterosexual females due to the erotic stimuli employed during the AAT. Future studies should examine approach biases among females of varying sexual orientations.
A Feminist Analysis of Empowerment and Community in Art Education

In this article the concept of empowerment is examined from the perspective of a feminist approach to art education. The argument is made that any definition of empowerment which depoliticizes the goals and processes of education is problematic. Empowerment cannot be understood separately from theories of power, freedom, and community because it is only with respect to a vision of political community that we can clearly define what it means to be empowered. In this paper, one way of linking empowerment, power, freedom, and community is proposed in order to advance the project of a critical feminist art education. Finally, three closely related goals which are fundamental to the development of a feminist conception of empowerment in art education are identified.
Nuclei Segmentation Using Mixed Points and Masks Selected From Uncertainty

Weakly supervised learning has drawn much attention to mitigate the manual effort of annotating pixel-level labels for segmentation tasks. In nuclei segmentation, point annotation has been successfully used for training. However, points lack the shape information. Thus the segmentation of nuclei with nonuniform color is unsatisfactory. In this paper, we propose a framework of weakly supervised nuclei segmentation using mixed points and masks annotation. To save the extra annotation effort, we select typical nuclei to annotate masks from uncertainty map. Using Bayesian deep learning tools, we first train a model with points annotation to predict the uncertainty. Then we utilize the uncertainty map to select the representative hard nuclei for mask annotation automatically. The selected nuclear masks are combined with points to train a better segmentation model. Experimental results on two nuclei segmentation datasets prove the effectiveness of our method. The code is publicly available11https://github.com/huiqu18/WeaklySegMixedAnno.
Organizational resilience and employee work-role performance after a crisis situation: exploring the effects of organizational resilience on internal crisis communication

The purpose of this study is to explore the positive outcomes of organizational resilience to see how resilient employees can support an organization by adapting to and initiating changes during th...
Prevalence and characterisation of diagnostic error among 7-day all-cause hospital medicine readmissions: a retrospective cohort study

Background The prevalence and aetiology of diagnostic error among hospitalised adults is unknown, though likely contributes to patient morbidity and mortality. We aim to identify and characterise the prevalence and types of diagnostic error among patients readmitted within 7 days of hospital discharge. Methods Retrospective cohort study at a single urban academic hospital examining adult patients discharged from the medical service and readmitted to the same hospital within 7 days between January and December 2018. The primary outcome was diagnostic error presence, identified through two-physician adjudication using validated tools. Secondary outcomes included severity of error impact and characterisation of diagnostic process failures contributing to error. Results There were 391 cases of unplanned 7-day readmission (5.2% of 7507 discharges), of which 376 (96.2%) were reviewed. Twenty-one (5.6%) admissions were found to contain at least one diagnostic error during the index admission. The most common problem areas in the diagnostic process included failure to order needed test(s) (n=11, 52.4%), erroneous clinician interpretation of test(s) (n=10, 47.6%) and failure to consider the correct diagnosis (n=8, 38.1%). Nineteen (90.5%) of the diagnostic errors resulted in moderate clinical impact, primarily due to short-term morbidity or contribution to the readmission. Conclusion The prevalence of diagnostic error among 7-day medical readmissions was 5.6%. The most common drivers of diagnostic error were related to clinician diagnostic reasoning. Efforts to reduce diagnostic error should include strategies to augment diagnostic reasoning and improve clinician decision-making around diagnostic studies.
“Over-the-counter” cannabidiol (CBD) sold in the community pharmacy setting in Colorado

The use of cannabidiol is becoming so popular that even pharmacies now carry over-the-counter (OTC) cannabidiol products in Colorado, USA. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate cannabidiol products sold in the community pharmacy setting to determine the content of cannabidiol and other active ingredients and the safety information that may be provided to individuals considering the use of these products. Documentation of cannabidiol products available for purchase in pharmacies was compiled by visiting chain and independent pharmacies within the state of Colorado. Cannabidiol products were documented for claims of use, dose, route, administration, additional ingredients, and cost. In total, 60 cannabidiol products (15 oral, 44 topical, and one transdermal) were found in 35 pharmacies. The concentrations of oral cannabidiol varied from 10 to 60 mg/mL. In total, 13 (87%) of the oral products were labeled as “full spectrum.” Six (40%) of the oral cannabidiol products listed medium-chain triglycerides, a compound with evidence of increasing oral bioavailability. The amount of cannabidiol labeled on topical products varied from 30 mg cannabidiol/15 mL to 1000 mg cannabidiol. Some products did not indicate any quantity of cannabidiol or did provide the amount of hemp extract/oil but did not specify how much cannabidiol was present. In total, 29 (66%) of the topical products contained additional active ingredients: arnica, camphor, capsaicin, menthol, peppermint oil, white willow bark (salicylic acid), tea tree oil, and trolamine salicylate. Only one type of transdermal product for cannabidiol delivery was found, which provided a dose of 20 mg cannabidiol/24 h. The findings of this study illustrate the extensive variability of cannabidiol products and the importance of communication with people considering their use. Counseling those utilizing these products may help to avoid drug–drug or drug–supplement interactions and adverse events.
Reusability Analysis for Lunar Landers

As NASA strives to return to the lunar surface with the Artemis program, there is a need to understand if an expendable or reusable architecture should be used. To address this question, this work presents a multidisciplinary model that explores the lunar lander design space to understand how reusability affects the chosen objectives of IMLEO, lifecycle cost, and safety. For the Artemis program, we found an expendable design to be more cost-effective than implementing reusability, as only five surface missions are currently planned. However, if additional missions are added, a hybrid implementation of reusability, which entails reusing the transfer and ascent elements multiple times by changing out line-replacement units after each mission, becomes the most cost effective. A fully reusable design, where the transfer and ascent elements only require consumables to be replenished between missions, was also investigated, although it was less cost effective than a hybrid design for the range of values studied.
From Zines of Peer Reviewed Journals: Cataloging Contemporary Pagan Resources

Thinking of Pagan and Wiccan serials as grey literature does not come to mind at first. This is due to the evolution of the grey literature concept from when it first appeared. During the Third Int...
Personality Attributes That Predict Cadet Performance at West Point

Using data from the United States Military Academy at West Point collected in two successive years (N = 1102 and N = 1049), we examined psychological measures and their correlations with consequential outcomes such as cadet performance at the Academy and leadership potential. We examined four broad intelligences, two of which were thing-focused (spatial and mathematical) and two people-focused (verbal and personal intelligences) and their predictions to thing- and people-centered courses (e.g., geology versus psychology); a thing-people differential was present. The broad intelligences and the Big Five personality traits predicted performance criteria at consequential levels.
Validation of the Opioid Overdose Risk Behavior Scale, version 2 (ORBS-2).

Abstract Objective To examine the factor structure of a revised and expanded opioid overdose risk behavior scale and assess its associations with known overdose indicators and other clinical constructs. Background Opioid-related overdose remains high in the U.S. We lack strong instrumentation for assessing behavioral risk factors. We revised and expanded the opioid overdose risk behavior scale (ORBS-1) for use among a broader range of people who use opioids. Setting & sampling frame Using respondent-driven sampling we recruited adults (18+) reporting current unprescribed opioid use and New York City residence. Method Participants (N = 575) completed the ORBS-1, ORBS-2, and a variety of clinical measures and then completed the ORBS-2 and overdose risk outcomes across monthly follow-up assessments over a 13-month period. Results Principal components analysis was used to identify six ORBS-2 subscales, Prescription Opioid Misuse, Risky Non-Injection Use, Injection Drug Use, Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use, Concurrent Opioid and Alcohol Use, and Multiple-Drug Polysubstance Use. All subscales showed moderate non-parametric correlations with the ORBS-1 and with corresponding clinical constructs. Five of the subscales were significantly (p Conclusions Psychometrics for the opioid overdose risk behavior subscales identified suggest the ongoing utility of risk behavioral instrumentation for epidemiological research and clinical practice focused on risk communication and minimization. Use of the entire ORBS-2 measure can provide insight into the proximal/behavioral factors of greatest concern to reduce overdose mortality.
Breeding programs for dairy herds using prostaglandin F2α products to save labor

Three reproductive management systems designed to use prostaglandin F2α (PGF) to save labor needed for estrous detection and artificial insemination (AI) were compared to conventional dairy herd reproductive management to evaluate their potential to maintain herd reproductive performance. The four experimental groups were: (1) CONTROL = daily estrous detection for AI with no PGF intervention, (2) Appointment (APPT) AI = double PGF injection at a 12-day interval followed by single appointment AI at 72 hrs for first AI, with repeat AI based on estrous detection, (3) 7-DAY = weekly (Monday) PGF injection for all cows ready for first or repeat AI with AI based on estrous detection which occurred only four days (Wednesday through Saturday) of each week, and (4) 21-DAY = repeating 21-day blocks of 13 days of AI based on estrous detection with PGF given on day 8 to cows yet to be inseminated and 8 days with no estrous detection or AI. All cows in all groups became eligible for breeding after a voluntary waiting period (VWP) of 54 days.
The Avian Diet Database as a source of quantitative information on bird diets.

This data paper describes a compilation of 73,075 quantitative diet data records for 759 primarily North American bird species, providing standardized information not just on the diet itself, but on the context for that diet information including the year, season, location, and habitat type of each study. The methods used for collecting and cleaning these data are described, and we present tools for summarizing and visualizing diet information by bird species or prey. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: http://doi-org-443.webvpn.bjmu.tsg211.com/10.6084/m9.figshare.15088245
Why Send Students Abroad

The author reports on a study done among food service and lodging industry recruiters to determine their perceptions about the value of various international student experiences such as internships and exchanges. The study found that lodging recruiters appreciate the value of these experiences significantly more than their peers in food service and contends that there is a role for both corporate executives and educators in raising recruiters’ awareness of the value of international student experience. This article is available in Hospitality Review: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/hospitalityreview/vol17/iss1/7 Why send students abroad? by Hubert 0. Van Hoof h e author repom on a studV done among global ~ers~ective. Education is A food service and lodging industry recruiters prep-g students not only for to determine their perceptions about the value of various international student expelife in the workforce, but for ~ ~ -~ ~ ~ -~ h e study found that 'lodging recru;ters appreciate the value of these experiences Sending students abroad dursignifi~ntty more than their peers n fwd i"g their college careers, either as service and contends that there is a role for exchange students or as interns, both mrporate executi~s and educators in raising recruiters'awareness of the value of the international student exDenence. I n the minds of many of the CEOs of large hospitality companies, being able to think "globally" is an important characteristic of the industry's future leaders. In many instances, it has been emphasized that the industry needs employees with good cultural awareness, which enables them to deal with people from other societies and do business the world over. These same sentiments are prevalent among educators. Much of what is done in higher education is aimed at creating a more "rounded" and culturally aware individual with a helps in making them more aware of other cultures, and exposes them to diversity issues they might never face at home. When they leave their comfortable surroundings, it forces them to face some of the challenges they wdl also face after graduation. Students who move to other countries and adapt to different living environments during their college careers will almost certainly also be able to do so once they become part of an industry which moves its people around kquently. Both the international internship and the international student exchange can be instrumental in creating "world citizens," and in shaping some of the most well-rounded, mature, and knowledgeable adults
Statistical characteristics of surface integrity by fiber laser cutting of Nitinol vascular stents

Abstract Nitinol alloys have been widely used in manufacturing of vascular stents due to the outstanding properties such as superelasticity, shape memory, and superior biocompatibility. Laser cutting is the dominant process for manufacturing Nitinol stents. Conventional laser cutting usually produces unsatisfactory surface integrity which has a significant detrimental impact on stent performance. Emerging as a competitive process, fiber laser with high beam quality is expected to produce much less thermal damage such as striation, dross, heat affected zone (HAZ), and recast layer. To understand the process capability of fiber laser cutting of Nitinol alloy, a design-of-experiment based laser cutting experiment was performed. The kerf geometry, roughness, topography, microstructure, and hardness were studied to better understand the nature of the HAZ and recast layer in fiber laser cutting. Moreover, effect size analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between surface integrity and process parameters.
Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors in the pediatric population: a report of four cases and a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GANTs) are a subpopulation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that are characterized by ultrastructural features resembling enteric autonomic nerve cells, without epithelial, Schwannian, or smooth muscle differentiation. Delineation of the clinicopathologic features of GANT in the pediatric population is lacking. METHODS The clinicopathologic and outcome data for four pediatric patients with GANT are presented. The data from these patients and four previously reported pediatric patients are summarized and compared with data for GANT in adults. RESULTS All four cases occurred in females at a mean age of 12.5 years. The primary tumor site was the stomach in all cases, and the mean tumor size was 6.3 cm. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural examination were essential in distinguishing GANT from GIST in all cases by identifying features of neural origin (neuron specific enolase in all four cases, NFP in three cases, S-100 in two cases, dense core neurosecretory granules in all four cases, and neuritelike processes in all four cases), while failing to identify features of myogenic origin (no desmin, smooth muscle actin, myofilaments, or dense bodies were found in any of the cases). Primary treatment was surgical, with chemotherapy administered to 1 patient at the time of recurrence. All patients are alive after a mean follow-up of 60 months (range, 8 months to 9 years). CONCLUSIONS Similarities of pediatric GANT to GANT in adults include the need for a high index of suspicion for diagnosis; comparable histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features; and surgery as the primary therapy. Distinguishing features in children may be a prevalence among females in the second decade, a predominance of smaller gastric tumors, and a positive prognostic value of younger age. Cancer 1999;85:220–30. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Managed Care and Institutional Change: Considerations for the Private Practitioner

Summary Managed care has profoundly changed the health care system. Institutional downsizing, mergers, and acquisitions have occurred throughout the health care system and managed care organizations have deeply penetrated the health care market. With remarkable rapidity, these changes have put substantial pressures on private practitioners and are reshaping the focus and organization of private practice. Unfortunately, many practitioners lack a differentiated understanding of the practice implications of these changes, as well as practical strategies around which they might reorganize their professional practice. This paper examines the relationship between managed care and professional practice, providing the practitioner with a brief overview of key themes and ten foci around which service delivery can be reorganized.
Design of epitaxial CVD reactors: I. Theoretical relationships for mass and heat transfer

Abstract Theoretical relationships are derived for the mass and heat transfer coefficients applicable to horizontal reactors with tilted susceptor and non-rotating barrel and vertical reactors based on the boundary layer equations for momentum, heat, and mass transport. These relationships give the mass and heat transfer coefficients in terms of a group representing the effect of susceptor tilting. Schmidt and Prandtl numbers, and a modified Reynolds number including the effect of tilting. The results are given for two different cases: one in which the outer flow is free and the other in which the outer flow rate changes with the susceptor coordinate. The effects of buoyancy on concentration, thermal, and velocity boundary layer equations are discussed in the context of stable boundary layer. The results are applicable only to stable boundary layers.
Lady Justice v. Cult of Statistical Significance: Oomph-Less Science and the New Rule of Law

We have an ethical problem in economics and other sciences using null hypothesis statistical significance testing without a loss function — a test that avoids asking, How Big is a Big Loss or Gain? Statistical significance is not equivalent to economic significance, nor to medical, clinical, nor any other kind of scientific significance — those functions of gain and loss. The mistake in the falsely made equation is evident when one reflects that the estimated payoff from a lottery is not the same object as the odds of winning that lottery. Yet a widespread failure to make the distinction between an estimate of human consequence and an estimate of its probability — between the meaning of an estimated average and the random variance around it — is killing people in medicine and impoverishing people in economics (Ziliak and McCloskey 2008). The ethical problem created by a test of statistical significance is made worse by the method’s blatant illogic at the foundational level, a fact that is unacknowledged by the bulk of decision makers depending upon it. Several changes to the scientific paper — and a recent decision by the Supreme Court of the United States — could help.
Impact of Cold Ischemia Time on Graft Survival Among ECD Transplant Recipients: A Paired Kidney Analysis

Delays in expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidney placement increases cold ischemia times (CIT) potentially leading to discard. The effect of increased CIT on ECD kidney transplant outcomes is unknown. We evaluated paired ECD kidneys (derived from the same donor transplanted to different recipients) from the SRTR registry transplanted between 1995 and 2009 (n = 17,514). To test the effect of CIT, we excluded paired transplants with the same CIT (n = 3286). Of 14,230 recipients (7115 donors) the median difference in CIT was 5 h (Q1 = 3 h, Q3 = 9 h). Delayed graft function (DGF) was significantly more likely between pairs with greater CIT (35% vs. 31%, p < 0.001) including substantially higher rates for CIT differences ≥ 15 h (42%). Overall graft loss was not significantly different between recipients with higher CIT relative to paired donor recipients with lower CIT (p = 0.47) or for pairs with differences of 1-3 h (p = 0.90), 4-9 h (p = 0.41), 10-14 h (p = 0.36) or ≥ 15 h (p = 0.10). Results were consistent in multivariable models adjusted for recipient factors. Although increasing cold ischemia time is a risk factor for DGF among ECD kidney transplants, there is no effect on graft survival which may suggest an important utility for donor kidneys that may not currently be considered viable.
Interaction of Maltose Transport with the Transport of Glucose and Galactosides

In cells of Escherichia coli possessing both maltose and galactoside permease, fluxes via one permease are independent of the substrate for the other permease. However, both fluxes are partially inhibited by glucose or alpha-methyl glucoside at low concentrations in cells grown on glucose. Neither maltose nor galactosides have an inhibitory effect on glucose permease function. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the number of glucose permease systems on the cell surface of such cells is much larger than the number for maltose or galactosides.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in human sperm stimulated with follicular fluid or progesterone is dependent upon Ca2+ influx

Hydrolysis of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is thought to be intimately involved in agonist-induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels. Recently we have shown that human preovulatory follicular fluid, which induces exocytosis in human sperm, can stimulate a rapid, transient increase in sperm cytosolic [Ca2+] [Thomas & Meizel (1988) Gamete Res. 20, 397-411]. We report here that both a Sephadex G-75 column fraction, derived from follicular fluid, and progesterone (a component of both the G-75 fraction and whole follicular fluid) stimulate rapid hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns4P in human sperm. We also report that progesterone stimulates a rapid influx of Ca2+ in human sperm. Human spermatozoa were labelled for 24 h with myo-[3H]inositol and then treated with either the G-75 fraction or progesterone. A 30-65% loss of label was detected in PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns4P within 15 s of stimulus addition; no changes were observed in PtdIns during 2 min of treatment. The loss of label from both lipids was accompanied by an increase in water-soluble inositol phosphates. Production of both InsP3 and InsP2 was seen within 10 s; however, InsP3 was rapidly removed and had reached control levels by 1 min. Similarly, formation of InsP2 reached a peak by 30 s and then began a decline accompanied by a corresponding increase in InsP. No increases in InsP4 were seen in sperm treated in this fashion. Stimulated hydrolysis of the phosphoinositides and release of inositol phosphates were both blocked by the Ca2+ antagonist La3+. Likewise, the progesterone-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ was inhibited by La3+, and phosphoinositide hydrolysis stimulated by this hormone was dependent upon the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
Human Environments: Definition, Scope, and the Role of Toxicology

This chapter is a brief introduction to the subject matter of the volume including the complexity and definition of human environments. Exposure to complex mixtures and the problem of interactions are considered as well as the important role of toxicology in environmental and human health, including risk analysis, risk management, and risk communication.
Managing Alone: Barack Obama, Organizing for Action, and Policy Advocacy in the Digital Era

Since Franklin Roosevelt – and the consolidation of the modern executive – presidential candidates, especially of the Democratic Party, have depended on interest groups and social movement leaders to mobilize their constituencies and illustrate how the general narrative of the campaign would affect their programmatic ambitions. What distinguishes Barack Obama is that his original presidential campaign transformed into a movement of its own; eschewing the Democrats’ traditional reliance on organized labor and other constituency organizations to mobilize the party faithful, Obama and his political strategists built a powerful, centralized grassroots organization. Born as Obama for America during the 2008 campaign, “OFA” was renamed Organizing for America and ensconced in the Democratic National Committee during Obama’s first term, where it served as the “grassroots arm” of the party. After 2012, it was spun off as a nonprofit social-welfare entity called “Organizing for Action” dedicated to advocating for Obama’s second term objectives: immigration reform, efforts to fight climate change, gun safety legislation, and the implementation of health reform in the face of continuing intense opposition. Making use of several personal interviews, a wealth of primary documents and data on spending and mobilization tactics, we examine how effectively Obama’s paradigm shifting organization has enabled him to meet the challenges of modern presidential leadership in a fractious polity. More broadly, the paper considers how this digital age grassroots effort has been influenced by, and in turn has contributed to recent developments in American politics.
Sexual Behaviors, Condom Use, and Sexual Health of Americans Over 50: Implications for Sexual Health Promotion for Older Adults

ABSTRACT Introduction In the contemporary U.S., men and women are living longer and healthier lives. As such, many people spend greater portions of their lives as sexually active individuals. Yet, little is known about the myriad of ways that older adults experience their sexual lives. Aim This study sought to assess the context and frequency of sexual behaviors, condom use, sexual pleasure, and sexual experience of men and women over age 50. Methods Information regarding the sexual experiences of a nationally representative sample of men and women over age 50 within the past year was examined. Main Outcome Measures Sexual behavior over the past year was assessed in relation to several situational and contextual characteristics (e.g., event location, type of partner, health status, condom use). Participants were also asked about their experience (i.e., pleasure, arousal, pain, lubrication/erectile difficulties, and orgasm) during their most recent partnered sexual event. Bivariate or ordinal logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship of age, health and partner status to sexual frequency and experience. Results Although sizable proportions (20–30%) of both men and women remained sexually active well into their 80s age was related to a lower likelihood of solo and most partnered sexual behaviors. When controlling for age, relationship status, and health remained significant predictors of select sexual behaviors. The participant's evaluation of their most recent sexual experience in terms of arousal, erectile difficulty, and orgasm all declined with age. Health status was related to men's evaluation of the experience. Relationship status was the most consistent predictor of women's evaluation of the experience. Condom use rates remained low for participants across age groups. Conclusion Many older adults continue be sexually active well into advanced age (80+). Thus, providers need to be attentive to the diverse sexual health needs of older adults. Schick V, Herbenick D, Reece M, Sanders SA, Dodge B, Middlestadt SE, and Fortenberry JD. Sexual behaviors, condom use, and sexual health of Americans over 50: Implications for sexual health promotion for older adults. J Sex Med 2010;7(suppl 5):315–329.
Growth issues for blue-green laser diodes

Abstract Laser device lifetime is linked to electrical dissipation, hence vertical transport. One significant issue is the resistivity of ZnSe and alloys of ZnSe. The results of our recent studies into the origins of both doping level limitations in ZnSe, and the relatively high acceptor activation energies found in wide bandgap alloys of ZnSe, will be reviewed. The experimental evidence, including the presence or absence of persistent photoconductivity in wide bandgap alloys of p-ZnSe and p-ZnSe:N, points to the presence of deep levels associated with lattice relaxation as the origin of the increased acceptor activation energy. Key issues of growth include the evaluation of sticking coefficient for the alloy constituents, and the maintenance of constant substrate temperature to avoid variations in alloy fraction. The appearance of composition modulation in ZnSe alloys will also be discussed. Understanding the degradation of II–VI blue-green laser diodes has become important after the demonstrations of room-temperature continuous-wave operation from (Zn,Mg)(S,Se)/Zn(S,Se)/(Zn,Cd)Se separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) laser diodes. The observed degradation seems associated with the existence of stacking faults originated from the II–VI/GaAs heterovalent interfaces. Segments of these extended structural defects which penetrate the active region become sources for the generation of macroscopically dark patches under lasing conditions. Lessons from III–V semiconductor laser device research are consistent with the observation that the presence of non-radiative point defects and built-in strain contribute to the propagation and growth of dislocations. Efforts to reduce the density of stacking faults continue, while the temperature dependence of photoluminescence points the way to a reduction in as-grown point defects.
Automatic acquisition of movement information by a knowledge-based recognition approach

We discuss automatic acquisition of movement information from two types of input data using a knowledgebased scheme. When the input data is an image of 3D surface points mensurated from a single perspective the process of recognizing and locating a body position in each image frame includes (1) isolating the body from the motion scene (2) segmenting it into the individual body parts and (3) identifying these parts with the labeled body parts of a stored model. When the input data is a limited number of 3D points indicating key body parts in activities only step (3) is required for movement recognition: we only need to recognize light emitting devices (LED''s) attached to the reference points without going through every detail of body surface points. The constraints in the system are explored and propagated to extract structural information from the input data compatible with the model structure.
A NOVEL HUMAN PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE GENE MAPS TO CHROMOSOME 12

Inherited deficiency of human phosphofructokinase, an enzyme which catalyzes the key regulatory step in glycolysis, results in a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by myopathy and/or hemolysis. Genetic loci coding for three types of human PFK subunit - liver (L), muscle (M) and platelet (P) have been mapped by immunoprecipitation of protein synthesized in somatic cell hybrids to human chromosomes 21 (PFKL), 1 (PFKM) and 10 (PFKP). However, studies of the expression of individual PFK genes in human disease has been limited by lack of specific PFK DNA probes. We have used a human astrocytoma cDNA library, in conjunction with a mouse PFK cDNA probe, to isolate four human cDNA clones encoding at least three types of human PFK subunit. Complete DNA sequencing of one cDNA insert reveals 95% amino acid homology with rabbit muscle PFK (234 amino acids compared). Using a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, we have found that this human cDNA insert is derived from chromosome 12. Mutations in this previously unrecognized human PFK gene may be responsible for the severe mental retardation observed in several recently described patients with PFK deficiency.
CONTENT PREFERENCES FOR IN-VEHICLE TOURIST INFORMATION SYSTEMS : AN EMERGING TRAVEL INFORMATION SOURCE

Abstract The high frequency of automobile use for tourist travel presents new opportunities for facilitating the search for tourist-based information and for marketing destination-specific travel information. The purpose of the study reported here was to better understand the information needs and preferences of tourists who drive in order to support the development of In-Vehicle Information Systems (Advanced Traveler Information Systems, ATIS) designed specifically for the tourist. Study data include a review of the literature and a nationwide questionnaire survey of about 1,400 adult US residents regarding their information needs and preferences for overnight automobile travel. Results were based on analyses of subjects overall and by sex and educational level. Few differences between men and women were found except women were generally more positive about all types of information. Preferences differed frequently by level of education. These results have important application to the development of ATIS ...
New Relationships: Eastern European media and the post-Communist political world

This paper examines the relationship between post-Communist Eastern European media and politicians and political elites, on the one hand, and between media and politics and the political system, on the other hand. It concludes that: (1) in some respects, the power of the media has come into a degree of balance with political parties and politicians; (2) the nature of the media and their journalism is affected to a much greater degree by the overall political culture than by their relationship to political parties and politicians; and (3) the nature of journalism practices is also affected by the absence of well-defined and universally accepted journalistic standards.
Fatty acids in the larval diet and in the pharate adult of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans.

A diet of cow manure and an artificial diet, both used to rear colony-strain and wild-strain larvae of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, were found to contain 16 and 11 fatty acids, respectively. Pharate pupae and pharate adults of colony flies reared on an artificial diet contained 16, whereas 17 were present in wild and colony flies when reared on fresh cow manure. Palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2) were the main fatty acids present, and these same three plus stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the principal fatty acids present in the two diets. The quantity of fatty acids changed little from larval-pupal apolysis through pharate adult development, but a decrease in total lipids occurred in the pharate adult immediately before emergence.
Jazz in Social Interaction: Personal Creativity, Collective Constraint, and Motivational Explanation in the Social Thought of Howard S. Becker

Although symbolic interactionist studies are often thought to abandon motivational explanation in favor of a focus on social process, the interactionist tradition has usefully employed two deterministic themes. One is inherent in the appreciation of the actor's inescapable sense of interactional significance for behavior that will be socially witnessed. A second deterministic theme appreciates external constraints on the individual's perception and generation of social acts. The former shapes all work in symbolic interactionism. The latter has been developed most consistently in the work of Howard S. Becker. Without addressing the matter as such, Becker has worked with a series of ideas about constraint on individual motivation, ideas that are harmonious with the interactionist's understanding of personal creativity in social action. His writings invite a reconsideration of the supposed antagonism between the appreciation of interactive process and the understanding of motivational constraint. Becker's work on motivation is also notable for outlining a theory of increasing constraints through the life cycle, constraints which, if appreciated by the actor, carry paradoxically liberating implications. The distinctive interplay of personal creativity and collective constraint in his thought is succinctly captured by the metaphor of jazz in social interaction.
Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence from CdTe Nanocrystals: A Single-Molecule Fluorescence Study

We described, for the first time, the metal-enhanced fluorescence from the CdTe nanocrystals spin coated on silver island films (SIFs). CdTe nanocrystals show ∼5-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, 3-fold decrease in lifetimes, and reduction in blinking on SIF surfaces that can be observed by ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence studies. The single-molecule study also provides further insight on the heterogeneity in the fluorescence enhancement and lifetimes of the CdTe nanocrystals on both glass and SIF surfaces, which is otherwise not possible to observe using ensemble measurements.
Exploring the Sociology Curriculum at Community Colleges in the United States

This study examines course catalogs of 850 community colleges in each of the fifty states in order to explore the sociology curriculum offered. As part of the study, a content analysis of introductory sociology course descriptions was also examined. Findings suggest there are some State differences in course offerings and also suggest that state-wide articulation agreements may play a role in explaining sociology courses offerings. In examining course descriptions for introductory courses, the authors note that in many ways course descriptions do not coincide with previous research on what should be taught in an introductory sociology course. Overall, findings suggest there is a strong need for further research on sociology within the community college context.
Students' attitudes towards programming: The effects of structured walk-throughs

The effectiveness of classroom team activities in eliciting more favorable attitudinal outcomes was empirically assessed with a sample of 215 undergraduate Business Administration majors enrolled in an introductory COBOL programming course. For each assigned program. students in the experimental group read and critiqued team members' program listings. Attitudinal outcomes were measured by a “Programming Attitude Survey” constructed for the experiment. This survey consisted of positive and negative statements about programming which were measured on a Likert-type scale. The survey was administered at the beginning (pre-test) and at the end (post-test) of the quarter. Analysis of covariance was used to statistically adjust post-test responses for pre-test responses. Nonparametric tests for differences in proportions were also used. The experimental group exhibited statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the following areas: (a) more favorable index scores on one-third of the survey items analyzable with covariance methods, (b) a greater proportion of positive pre-test-to-post-test changes in responses to the survey and (cl a greater proportion of more favorable post-test responses to the attitude survey. The findings provide empirical support for incorporating team activities into the programming learning process to more effectively develop positive attitudinal outcomes in students.
Isolation and characterization of Z-DNA binding proteins from wheat germ

The preparation of a heterogeneous non-histone protein extract from wheat germ utilizing Br-poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) (Z-DNA) affinity chromatography is described. The binding characteristics of antibodies against Z-DNA are used as a model system to define important criteria that the DNA binding behavior of a Z-DNA binding protein should display. We show that the wheat germ extract contains DNA binding proteins specific for left-handed Z-DNA by these criteria. The affinity of the proteins measured by competition experiments was approximately 10(5) greater for Br-poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) (Z-DNA) than for poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) (B-DNA). The affinity of the proteins for plasmid DNA increases with increasing negative superhelicity which is known to stabilize Z-DNA. The proteins are shown to compete with Z-DNA antibodies for binding to supercoiled plasmids. Finally, the affinity for two plasmids at a given superhelical density is greater for the plasmid containing an insert known to form Z-DNA than for a plasmid without the insert. The proteins exhibit a 2-3-fold greater affinity for stretches of (dC-dA)n.(dT-dG)n over stretches of (dG-dC)n.(dG-dC)n when both sequences are induced to form Z-DNA by supercoiling.
Using Science as a Connector for the Reformed School Curriculum

Science/Technology/Society (STS) is the latest effort to provide a real- world, interdisciplinary context for the study of science. Here's how a num ber of districts in one midwestern state are using the approach.
The role of the autonomic nervous system in hypothalamic feeding syndromes.

The lateral and ventromedial areas of the hypothalamus are intimately involved in the neural control of ingestive behaviors. It is believed that some of this control may be mediated via components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Recent anatomical and physiological studies have associated the lateral hypothalamus with the parasympathetic system and the ventromedial hypothalamus with the sympathetic system. This, in turn has prompted what appears to be modified versions of the dual center hypothesis which suggest that food intake and body weight regulation result from a balance of ANS activity. However, similar autonomic dysfunctions accompany hypothalamic damage which produce either hyperphagia and obesity or hypophagia and weight loss. The implications of these findings are addressed in the present paper.
Homogeneity and temperatures in the lower mantle

Abstract Using the three global seismic profiles, model 1066B, PEM, and PREM, we have calculated adiabatic temperature profiles, corrections arising from the differences between adiabatic self compression on the seismic and convective time scales, and the superadiabatic profiles from inhomogeneity. The three adiabatic temperature profiles are virtually identical and provide a net change of 600 K across the lower mantle; the net superadiabatic temperature changes from inhomogeneity are also similar and provide a further 200 K. If elastic relaxation corrections of 400–700 K are included in addition to a thermal boundary layer arising from heat transfer from the core to the base of the mantle, then it is possible to construct mantle profiles beginning with 1600°C at 670 km and yielding temperatures at the core-mantle boundary within the range 3300 ± 500°C inferred from shock melting experiments on iron.
Wearing the mask of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: postpericardiotomy syndrome

Abstract Introduction Postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is an inflammatory process, affecting 15% to 20% of patients, after surgery involving pleura, pericardium, or both. The role of electrocardiogram (ECG) in diagnosing PPS is uncertain because ECG is rarely normal (especially after cardiac surgery). We report a case of PPS that presented initially with localized ST-segment elevation and also discuss proposed mechanisms. Clinical case A 60-year-old White man presented to the emergency department (ED) after having chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitation for approximately 2 hours. Patient had known coronary artery disease, status postcoronary artery bypass graft a month earlier with a graft to right coronary artery, and 2 grafts to marginal arteries. In the ED, ECG revealed localized ST-segment elevations in leads II, III, and aVF. Coronary angiography did not reveal significant coronary artery stenosis, and all the grafts were found to be patent. Following ECG showed PR depression along with diffuse ST elevation consistent with pericarditis. Patient was started on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine with significant improvement of his symptoms in a few days. Discussion In our patient, injury or surgical manipulation to the area perfused by right coronary artery might have initiated a process, initially localized to the inferior wall with subsequent diffuse involvement of the entire pericardium. The presentation of our patient shortly after the development of chest pain and availability of 2 ECGs a few minutes apart may have shed light on the pathophysiology of PPS.
Ejector Primary Flow Molecular Weight Effects in an Ejector -Ram Rocket Engine

The effects of primary flow molecular weight on the ejector performance in a generic rocket-based combined-cycle engine are examined by using steady-state, one-dimensional compressible flow equations. Ejector performance in terms of specific impulse, bypass ratio, thrust, and thrust augmentation factor are presented for three primary fluids with molecular weights of 2, 18, and 29, covering a range of primary rocket stagnation conditions, ejector geometries, and freestream conditions.