cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerosolised antipsychotic assuages agitation: inhaled loxapine for agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Summary Objective: To describe the efficacy and safety of inhaled loxapine, a new formulation of an older antipsychotic being developed for the treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted by querying http://www.pubmed.gov, http://www.fda.gov, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov for the search terms ‘loxapine’ AND ‘agitation’, ‘inhaled loxapine’, ‘staccato loxapine’. The manufacturer was asked to provide copies of posters presented at national and international meetings, and to provide any copies of papers currently in press. Study Selection: All available reports of studies were identified. Data Extraction: Descriptions of the principal results and calculation of number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) for relevant dichotomous outcomes were extracted from the study reports. Data Synthesis: Inhaled loxapine is delivered using a handheld device that produces a thermally generated condensation aerosol free of excipients or propellants. Time to maximum plasma concentration is approximately 2 min. In two phase III studies (one in subjects with schizophrenia, the other in subjects with bipolar disorder) inhaled loxapine 5 and 10 mg were both superior to placebo as early as 10 min after administration, as measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale excited component. Pooling together data from three efficacy studies, NNT for response for inhaled loxapine 5 or 10 mg vs. placebo were 4 (95% CI 3–5) and 3 (95% CI 3–4), respectively, with response defined as achieving a Clinical Global Impressions – Improvement score of 1 or 2 at 2 h postdose. This effect size is in the range observed for intramuscular administration of other antipsychotics for agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. There were no clinically relevant signals for the emergence of extra-pyramidal side effects or akathisia. The most commonly encountered adverse event appears to be dysgeusia (distorted taste sense or bad taste), with a NNH vs. placebo of 10 (95% CI 7–22) or 12 (95% CI 8–26), for loxapine 10 or 5 mg, respectively. Conclusions: Inhaled loxapine appears efficacious and tolerable for the treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Although simple to self-administer, inhaled loxapine requires a degree of cooperation from the recipient and thus will not be a substitute for an injection during psychiatric emergencies when the patient is actively refusing medication treatment. The efficacy and safety of inhaled loxapine in elderly patients and in outpatient care settings remain to be established.
RAS-NANO: A Reliability-Aware Synthesis Framework for Reconfigurable Nanofabrics

Entering the nanometer era, a major challenge to current design methodologies and tools is to effectively address the high defect densities projected for nanotechnologies. To this end, we proposed a reconfiguration-based defect-avoidance methodology for defect-prone nanofabrics. It judiciously architects the nanofabric, using probabilistic considerations, such that a very large number of alternative implementations can be mapped into it, enabling defects to be circumvented at configuration time in a scalable way. Building on this foundation, in this paper we propose a synthesis framework aimed at implementing this new design paradigm. A key novelty of our approach with respect to traditional high level synthesis is that, rather than carefully optimizing a single (‘deterministic’) solution, our goal is to simultaneously synthesize a large family of alternative solutions, so as to meet the required probability of successful configuration, or yield, while maximizing the family’s average performance. Experimental results generated for a set of representative benchmark kernels, assuming different defect regimes and target yields, empirically show that our proposed algorithms can effectively explore the complex probabilistic design space associated with this new class of high level synthesis problems.
Ethylbromide tamoxifen, a membrane-impermeant antiestrogen, activates smooth muscle calcium-activated large-conductance potassium channels from the extracellular side

Smooth-muscle calcium-activated large-conductance potassium channels (BK channels) are activated by tamoxifen and 17-beta-estradiol. This increase in NP(o), the number of channels, N, multiplied by open probability, depends on the presence of the regulatory beta1-subunit. Furthermore, a previous study indicated that 17-beta-estradiol might bind an extracellular site on the beta1-subunit. Because tamoxifen and 17-beta-estradiol may share a common binding site, we hypothesized that tamoxifen activates BK channels through a site on the extracellular surface of the membrane. A membrane-impermeant analog of tamoxifen, ethylbromide tamoxifen, was synthesized and used to test this hypothesis in whole-cell, outside-out, cell-attached, and inside-out patches from canine colonic smooth muscle cells. Ethylbromide tamoxifen is positively charged and is therefore membrane-impermeant. In whole-cell experiments, ethylbromide tamoxifen increased K(+) current at potentials positive to +40 mV, which has previously been attributed to BK channels. Unlike tamoxifen, ethylbromide tamoxifen did not inhibit delayed rectifier current. In outside-out patches, ethylbromide tamoxifen increased BK channel NP(o) with an EC(50) value of 1 microM. Ethylbromide tamoxifen did not increase BK channel NP(o) in cell-attached or inside-out patches; however, subsequent addition of equimolar tamoxifen did. Both drugs diminished BK channel unitary conductance to a degree that paralleled the effect on NP(o), suggesting an additional interaction with the pore-forming alpha-subunit. An interaction of tamoxifen with the pore was supported by a right shift in the concentration-response curve for tetraethylammonium; similar results were evident with iberiotoxin and charybdotoxin block. Our data suggest that ethylbromide tamoxifen does not easily traverse the plasma membrane and that tamoxifen binding responsible for activation of BK channels is at an extracellular site. The tamoxifen binding site may be within the extracellular loop of the BK channel beta1-subunit or, alternatively, on an as-yet-unidentified mediator that has an extracellular binding site.
Differences between detected and undetected patients in primary care and depressed psychiatric patients

The aim of this study was to explore differences between primary care and tertiary psychiatry patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for depressive disorders in terms of a wide range of demographic and clinical variables including psychiatric comorbidity. A weighted sample of 153 depressed primary care patients was obtained from the waiting rooms of family physicians using a two-stage selection and assessment procedure including the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R (SCID). A measure of physician detection was also obtained. The 123 depressed psychiatric patients were seeking evaluation and treatment at a university-based depression program, and DSM-III-R diagnoses were also obtained using the SCID. Overall, fewer depressed primary care patients met criteria for major depressive disorder, and more of those who did were only mildly depressed. Depressed primary care patients were more likely to be women, older, and had less education, less past treatment, and greater lifetime comorbidity. Clinical differences were greatest for the depressed patients who had gone undetected by their physicians: they were higher functioning, less distressed, and more mildly depressed. Findings are discussed in terms of the validity and acceptability of practice guidelines for depression in primary care.
Ligneous gingivitis associated with plasminogen deficiency: a challenge in diagnosis.

Abstract A 66-year-old female presented with gum bleeding and soreness. Her medical history was significant for delayed wound healing, which appeared to cause blindness in her right eye. A gingival incisional biopsy revealed replacement of fibrous connective tissue by an amorphous and eosinophilic material. Direct immunofluorescent staining for antibodies was negative. After the differential diagnosis of ligneous gingivitis (LG) was rendered, the activity and antigenic level of plasminogen was tested and found to be significantly decreased. Partial improvement was observed within 1 year following a regimen of scaling, gingival curettage, topical steroids, and improved oral hygiene. LG is a rare condition, occurring as a result of plasminogen deficiency and subsequent fibrin accumulation. It presents as pseudomembranous gingiva and might affect the eyes and other organs. Dentists should be familiar with this condition, since they might assist in a diagnosis of this disease, with significant morbidity often missed by medical professionals.
The Goldstein Peak Formation, central California: Record of a nonmarine intra-arc basin within the Early Cretaceous Sierra Nevada arc

New mapping in the Lake Kaweah pendant of the southwestern Sierra Nevada batholith reveals a previously unrecognized nonmarine sequence of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic strata, defined herein as the Goldstein Peak Formation. The nonmarine origin distinguishes the Goldstein Peak Formation from all other Sierra Nevada metasedimentary pendants and from virtually all other coeval deposits associated with the Sierra Nevada arc. Basic structural relations, supplemented by new U-Pb zircon ages, suggest an Early Cretaceous depositional age, a time that is poorly represented within the stratigraphic record of California. This unusual age makes the Goldstein Peak Formation the youngest sedimentary deposit preserved within the metamorphic framework of the exhumed batholith, one that was deposited concurrently with some of the earliest deposits in the Great Valley forearc basin and just preceding the mid-Cretaceous Sierra Nevada arc surge. Preserved sedimentary and volcanic structures, along with whole-rock geochemistry, are consistent with deposition of Goldstein Peak conglomerates and sandstones within fluvial and alluvial fan environments, deposition of mud-rich sediments and air-fall tuffs within a lacustrine(?) environment, and subaqueous to subaerial extrusion of basaltic to dacitic arc volcanic rocks. This volcano-sedimentary section was intruded soon after deposition, with peak hornblende hornfels to low-pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism ultimately driven by intrusion of the surrounding Early Cretaceous Stokes Mountain ring dike complexes. Deposition of the nonmarine Goldstein Peak Formation within a fault-bounded, possibly transtensional, intra-arc basin during the transition from the low-standing, moderately extensional, Late Jurassic fringing arc to the high-standing, compressional mid- to Late Cretaceous arc indicates that at least one section of the Sierra Nevada arc was a fully emergent continental margin arc by the Early Cretaceous Epoch.
The relationship between depressive symptoms and initial quality of life and function in head and neck cancer

Objectives: To determine the incidence of depression in head and neck cancer (HNCA) patients and the effect of depression on baseline head- and neck-specific measures of quality of life and function. Study Design: Prospective cohort analysis. Methods: A total of 255 patients were prospectively evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory Fast-Screen (BDIFS) survey, University of Washington Quality of Life (UW QOL), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) questionnaires. Patients with a preexisting diagnosis of depression were excluded. Results: Complete data were available for 77 patients with HNCA and 53 controls. Depressive symptoms were identified in 9% of controls and 19% of HNCA patients, and were significantly associated with a HNCA diagnosis (OR ¼ 4.1, P ¼ .044). Among patients with HNCA, depression was significantly more common in black patients (OR ¼ 15.8, P ¼ .017). A significant negative correlation was found between BDI-FS score and UW global QOL score (r ¼� 0.4, P ¼ .0019). Depression was significantly associated with poorer UW global QOL (b ¼� 22.46, P ¼ .0004), recreation (b ¼� 13.77, P ¼ .037), speech (b ¼ � 24.05, P ¼ .004), and MDADI functional (b ¼� 17.31, P ¼ .009), physical (b ¼� 14.99, P ¼ .032), and emotional (b ¼ � 11.60, P ¼ .049) domain scores but not with other UW QOL or VHI domains, after controlling for all other variables. Conclusions: Patients with HNCA have a high incidence of depressive symptoms at diagnosis, which is significantly higher in black patients, and is associated with poorer QOL and MDADI scores. Pretreatment depression may serve as a marker for patients with increased risk of swallowing impairment and reduced QOL who would benefit from targeted intervention.
Role of neuronal nitric oxide in methamphetamine neurotoxicity and protection by nNOS inhibitor

Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant known to produce neurotoxicity. The dopaminergic pathway is particularly sensitive to METH. Recent studies showed that 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), provided protection against METH neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. The present studies were conducted to determine the nNOS activity in various regions of the brain of young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with different doses of METH. Rats were injected ip with 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg and 24 h after the rats were sacrificed and the brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum) were quickly dissected. The cytosolic fractions were prepared, and the nNOS activity was determined using the 3 H-citrulline assay. The results showed that nNOS activity was significantly increased in all three brain regions of rats treated with METH. The increase was dose dependent reaching a maximum of 40-100% over the control values. Rats treated with 7-NI 30 min prior to METH injection provided protection against the toxicity and also showed a reduction of nNOS activity. The activation of nNOS is known to increase the synthesis of NO which is involved in the regulation of several neurotransmitter pathways including catecholaminergic system. Reducing the METH-induced production of NO by pretreatment with selective inhibitor of nNOS, 7-NI, provided protection against METH neurotoxicity.
An analysis of two-dimensional scattering by metallic cylinders using wavelets on a bounded interval

Summary form only given. The method of moments (MOM) when applied to integral equations results into a fully-populated matrix which is often ill-conditioned, causing numerical instability and poor convergence in the case of iterative techniques. The condition number increases with the decrease in the step-size of the discretisation. It is now well known that multigrid methods offer a solution to such difficulties. Wavelets, because of their multiresolution properties, are naturally suited for multigrid methods. Their applications to integral equations lead to a well-conditioned matrix. Furthermore, the resultant matrix is sparse because of the local supports and the vanishing moment property of wavelets. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the application of semi-orthogonal compactly supported spline-wavelets on a bounded interval to resolve integral equations encountered in the two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering by metallic cylinders. In order to achieve a higher degree of sparsity, one must use higher order spline wavelets. However, higher order wavelets have higher spatial supports. The authors restrict themselves to the use of linear and cubic spline wavelets. The results obtained using the wavelet approach and the conventional MOM approach are presented. >
The role of nursing leaders in global health issues and global health policy.

One can turn on any news program these days and see video clips of heart-wrenching scenes of poverty and starvation out of Darfur, AIDS orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, children warehoused in Romania, and thousands displaced by war or natural disasters to live in makeshift refugee camps for months or even years. I find myself asking: Are these unpleasant global health issues something with which nurse leaders in the US should become involved? I also reflected on that same question as I read the articles published by our international nursing colleagues in this issue of Nursing Outlook. Although the authors are primarily from developed countries and the articles do not address the headline-grabbing issues we see in the news, they are another piece of evidence that globalization is not only affecting our economy but our profession. I believe it begs the question: Should US nursing leaders become more involved in the health of our global neighborhood? I believe the answer to that question is a resounding yes, but with a caveat. First, what are we already doing and is it enough? As a profession, we can point to Sigma Theta Tau International’s efforts, our membership in the International Council of Nurses, and the work of our School’s WHO Collaborating Centers as evidence of involvement in global health issues. But is this involvement enough? Do we have a responsibility to do more? Over the past few months, I have traveled to the urban slums and isolated rural villages of sub-Saharan Africa to work with nurses and physicians as they learn to provide HIV care and treatment. During these travels I have learned much and gained a profound respect for the dedication and ingenuity of our African nurse colleagues as they struggle to provide HIV/AIDS care and treatment with scarce resources and in situations few of us can imagine. However, as I returned to the US a few weeks ago from my third trip to Africa this year, I kept asking myself: Am I doing enough? If not, what
Low Dose Medication Strategies in the Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia

Research on strategies using low doses of neuroleptics in the long-term maintenance and/or prophylactic treatment of schizophrenia is reviewed. The evidence available from prospective controlled trials suggests that substantial dosage reduction is feasible for a subgroup of outpatient schizophrenics and that the incidence of abnormal involuntary movements might be reduced by such a strategy. In addition, lowering dosages may bring about some improvement in psychosocial adjustment. Further work is clearly needed to explore fully the benefit to risk ratio of this strategy and to identify those patients for whom it is most appropriate.
Parallelization of and Results from Kinetic Edge Plasma Code W1

In this paper, we describe a highly parallelized implementation of the 1D2V collisional PIC-MCC code (W1 by Batishchev[1]) for Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) plasmas on the Cray T3D using the PVM message-passing library. The particles are divided equally among the processors, and grid quantities (temperatures, etc) are averaged from all processors. The electric field is solved using the electron momentum equation. The logical sheath potential is calculated in a serial fashion. For a fixed number of particles in the simulations (1 million particles), we have obtained a factor of 31 speed-up by using 32 processors compared to 1, and a factor of 90 speed-up by using 128 processors. Through our efforts on Cray T3D with 256 processors we have learned that massively parallel MIMD systems offers a new supercomputing capability for kinetic SOL physics modelling.
Europolis and the European public sphere: Empirical explorations of a counterfactual ideal:

Is there—or could there be—a Europe-wide public sphere? Some argue that one already exists, others that none is attainable. This debate turns on what it means to have one—on how much (and what kinds of) cross-border ‘discussion’ and public input it must entail. An ambitious European public sphere would involve more truly Europe-wide collective will formation and political accountability. This article attempts to move beyond speculation, with a discussion on an ambitious version of a European public sphere. Participants' opinions and vote intentions in Europolis were gauged before and after deliberating. This enables us to probe a double counterfactual: what if there was a more ambitious European public sphere, and what if European Parliamentary elections were consequently more deliberative.
Competition over high-income workers: : job growth and access to labour in Atlanta

Access to a large labour pool (labour pooling) leads to local economic concentrations through agglomeration economies. However, these concentrations may be self-limiting by reducing labour availability through competition over high-skill workers. This paper examines whether labour pooling and labour availability of workers with different incomes account for local job growth in the Atlanta metropolitan area between 2000 and 2006. Workers� income is employed to account for the human capital of workers, including education and skills. It is found that the availability of high-income workers is the only positive significant factor for job growth and the spatial size of the effect is larger than the traffic analysis zone (neighbourhood scale). In contrast, no labour pooling indicators show a positive association with job growth. The finding casts doubt on labour pooling effects at the intraregional level and suggests avenues for further research on local-area agglomeration economies.
The age and taphonomy of mammoths at Lovewell Reservoir, Jewell County, Kansas, USA

Abstract Remains of five mammoths have been excavated along the north shore of Lovewell Reservoir on White Rock Creek, Jewell County, Kansas. Two additional mammoths have been recorded as surface finds. These seven mammoths are clustered within a distance of 2 km and are contained within sediments dating to the transition from terminal mid Wisconsin to Last Glacial Maximum. This density of single adult mammoth death sites is uncommon elsewhere on the central Great Plains of North America. Radiocarbon ages from bone and decalcified organic carbon indicate the mammoths date between about 18,000 and 21,000 rcybp. A discussion of the stratigraphy, ages and taphonomy for the five excavated mammoth localities is presented including new taphonomic data collected from the Lovewell Mammoth Site (14JW306) during the 2004 excavation. New data indicate that the Lovewell Mammoth Site contains three mammoths where as previously only one mammoth was reported [Holen, S.R., 2006. Taphonomy of two last glacial maximum mammoth sites in the central Great Plains of North America: a preliminary report on La Sena and Lovewell. Quaternary International 142–143, 30–43]. Results presented here support the earlier taphonomic interpretation that humans were present on the central Great Plains during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Knowledge-based mold design for injection molding processing

The current status of the knowledge-based system which is the most promising and desirable enhancement to computer-aided-design technology is reviewed. An approach to incorporating a knowledge-based system into a computer-aided-design system for the design of an injection molded part is proposed. To demonstrate the procedure involved and the information revealed, a Prolog knowledge-based system is applied to designing new molds for the injection molding of plastic balls. Two new mold designs are proposed. The associated computer-aided-design system is described in some detail. Areas in which further work is needed are identified. >
Concordance between responses to questionnaire scenarios and actual treatment to repair or replace dental restorations in the National Dental PBRN.

Objective To quantify the agreement between treatment recommended during hypothetical clinical scenarios and actual treatment provided in comparable clinical circumstances.
Multidimensional algorithms for VLSI processors

Several algorithms are presented for the l-dimensional cyclic convolution of n points. It is shown how these algorithms can be executed on a VLSI processor called the arithmetic cube, which has regular layout, simple control, and a bounded length and number of interconnects. It is also shown how changing the dimensionality of a transform can be used to efficiently compute an arbitrary problem on an arithmetic cube of given size. Finally, area and time bounds are developed for the arithmetic cube. >
Generalized concentration addition: A method for examining mixtures containing partial agonists

Environmentally relevant toxic exposures often consist of simultaneous exposure to multiple agents. Methods to predict the expected outcome of such combinations are critical both to risk assessment and to an accurate judgment of whether combinations are synergistic or antagonistic. Concentration addition (CA) has commonly been used to assess the presence of synergy or antagonism in combinations of similarly acting chemicals, and to predict effects of combinations of such agents. CA has the advantage of clear graphical interpretation: Curves of constant joint effect (isoboles) must be negatively sloped straight lines if the mixture is concentration additive. However, CA cannot be directly used to assess combinations that include partial agonists, although such agents are of considerable interest. Here, we propose a natural extension of CA to a functional form that may be applied to mixtures including full agonists and partial agonists. This extended definition, for which we suggest the term "generalized concentration addition," encompasses linear isoboles with slopes of any sign. We apply this approach to the simple example of agents with dose-response relationships described by Hill functions with slope parameter n=1. The resulting isoboles are in all cases linear, with negative, zero and positive slopes. Using simple mechanistic models of ligand-receptor systems, we show that the same isobole pattern and joint effects are generated by modeled combinations of full and partial agonists. Special cases include combinations of two full agonists and a full agonist plus a competitive antagonist.
A comparison of intrazeolite and solution singlet oxygen Ene reactions of allylic alcohols.

The singlet oxygen ene reactions of four allylic alcohols and for comparison an allylic ether have been examined both in solution and in zeolite Y. Bronsted acid sites in the zeolite were shown to induce decomposition of several of the allylic alcohols. Treatment of the zeolites with pyridine removed these acid sites and allowed intrazeolite reactions of the allylic alcohols without interference from decomposition. Control reactions with an allylic alcohol that is inert to decomposition provided evidence that the presence of pyridine in the zeolite labyrinth does not influence the product composition.
Fast Memory-efficient Anomaly Detection in Streaming Heterogeneous Graphs

Given a stream of heterogeneous graphs containing different types of nodes and edges, how can we spot anomalous ones in real-time while consuming bounded memory? This problem is motivated by and generalizes from its application in security to host-level advanced persistent threat (APT) detection. We propose StreamSpot, a clustering based anomaly detection approach that addresses challenges in two key fronts: (1) heterogeneity, and (2) streaming nature. We introduce a new similarity function for heterogeneous graphs that compares two graphs based on their relative frequency of local substructures, represented as short strings. This function lends itself to a vector representation of a graph, which is (a) fast to compute, and (b) amenable to a sketched version with bounded size that preserves similarity. StreamSpot exhibits desirable properties that a streaming application requires: it is (i) fully-streaming; processing the stream one edge at a time as it arrives, (ii) memory-efficient; requiring constant space for the sketches and the clustering, (iii) fast; taking constant time to update the graph sketches and the cluster summaries that can process over 100,000 edges per second, and (iv) online; scoring and flagging anomalies in real time. Experiments on datasets containing simulated system-call flow graphs from normal browser activity and various attack scenarios (ground truth) show that StreamSpot is high-performance; achieving above 95% detection accuracy with small delay, as well as competitive time and memory usage.
When does MMR loss occur during HNPCC progression

Inactivation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is the hallmark of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI+). MMR loss results in a markedly elevated mutation rate, and many MS mutations are found in MSI+ cancers. In theory, it is possible to estimate the interval between MMR loss and cancer removal by counting numbers of cancer MS mutations--the more MS mutations, the longer the intervals since MMR loss. Using this somatic molecular clock approach, MMR loss is estimated to precede transformation (clonal expansion) and likely occurs in normal appearing colon. Surprising, ages at MMR loss are more consistent with MMR loss as a relatively late event during progression to MSI+ cancer.
Origin and early evolution of corner polyhedra

Abstract Corner Polyhedra are a natural intermediate step between linear programming and integer programming. This paper first describes how the concept of Corner Polyhedra arose unexpectedly from a practical operations research problem, and then describes how it evolved to shed light on fundamental aspects of integer programming and to provide a great variety of cutting planes for integer programming.
Graded Frequency Variations of the Tremolo Call of the Common Loon (Gavia immer)

identifying species and individuals. Presumably, stereotyped structural properties encode species information while more variable features are used for individual recognition (Marler 1960, Brooks and Falls 1975). Very few examples are known, however, of consistent species-specific structural variations that have a significance in communication. When these occur, they provide a means of grading the information potentially available in the signal. For example, the addition of harmonics to the duck call of the European Blackbird (Turdus merula) indicates an increased probability of taking flight (Andrew 1961). Other examples of vocal signals that are graded by variations have been reported by Konishi (1963), and Berger and Ligon (1977). The vocal repertoire of the Common Loon (Gavia immer) consists of four calls: the tremolo, wail, yodel and the hoot. The tremolo, or laugh, is a highly graded vocalization in which differences in frequency code the intensity of the signal. The purpose of this paper is to describe these variations and how they are used. The graded features of the Common Loon's tremolo have not been reported in any detail and there is also some confusion concerning the function of the call. Olson and Marshall
Student-Athlete School Selection: A Family Systems Theory Approach

The primary focus of this study was to examine the role family members play in the college selection process for NCAA Division III student-athletes. The role of family members in the college selection process has been studied for nonathletes, NCAA Division I athletes, NCAA Division II athletes, and at a cross-divisional level for specific NCAA sports. In such research related to intercollegiate student-athletes, research has primarily been conducted quantitatively with the use of survey techniques. Little research exists specifically exploring the role of family members in the college selection process for NCAA Division III athletes. Based on the lack of research, the overarching Division III philosophy, the pure participation rates of NCAA Division III athletes (more than 180,000 current Division III athletes), and the ideal fit of Family Systems Theory to this selection process, this research study is fitting. In this project, sixty-nine student-athletes participated in semistructured interviews at elev...
Opportunities to maximize value with integrated palliative care

Palliative care involves aggressively addressing and treating psychosocial, spiritual, religious, and family concerns, as well as considering the overall psychosocial structures supporting a patient. The concept of integrated palliative care removes the either/or decision a patient needs to make: they need not decide if they want either aggressive chemotherapy from their oncologist or symptom-guided palliative care but rather they can be comanaged by several clinicians, including a palliative care clinician, to maximize the benefit to them. One common misconception about palliative care, and supportive care in general, is that it amounts to "doing nothing" or "giving up" on aggressive treatments for patients. Rather, palliative care involves very aggressive care, targeted at patient symptoms, quality-of-life, psychosocial needs, family needs, and others. Integrating palliative care into the care plan for individuals with advanced diseases does not necessarily imply that a patient must forego other treatment options, including those aimed at a cure, prolonging of life, or palliation. Implementing interventions to understand patient preferences and to ensure those preferences are addressed, including preferences related to palliative and supportive care, is vital in improving the patient-centeredness and value of surgical care. Given our aging population and the disproportionate cost of end-of-life care, this holds great hope in bending the cost curve of health care spending, ensuring patient-centeredness, and improving quality and value of care. Level 1 evidence supports this model, and it has been achieved in several settings; the next necessary step is to disseminate such models more broadly.
Evaluation of Control Effect on Occupational Hazards of a Producing Construction Item in Electronic Technology Enterprise

Objective To clear occupational hazard factors in the construction project in order to analyze hazard degree and its influence to workers,to evaluate the effects of the equipment on occupational hazard control;to suggest occupational health supplement measure.Methods The comprehensive evaluation was conducted by checking the table,occupational health field investigation,occupational health detection and occupational physical examination methods.Results The main occupational hazard factors that exist in this project are benzene、toluene、isopropanol、cyclohexanone、isophorone、MnO_2、CO、NO_2、SnO_2、Pb、dust and noise.This construction project belongs to severe occupational hazard construction project.Conclusion All kinds of occupational hazard prevention measures in this construction project were essentially effective,and its occupational hazard control effect can reach requirements of occupational health relevant national standards after improving prevention measures.
Transplantation of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells after high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced multiple myeloma.

A major potential problem of autologous transplantation in the treatment of advanced malignancy is the infusion of tumor cells. A multi-institutional study of purified CD34-selected peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation was conducted in 37 patients with advanced multiple myeloma receiving myeloablative chemotherapy. Fourteen days after intermediate-dose cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a median of 3 (range, 2 to 5) 10-L leukaphereses yielded 9.8 x 10(8)/kg (range, 3.7 to 28.3) mononuclear cells. The adsorbed (column-bound) fraction contained 5.9 x 10(6) cells/kg (range, 1.6 to 25.5) with 4.65 x 10(6) CD34 cells/kg (range, 1.2 to 23.3). Using Poisson distribution analysis of positive polymerase chain reactions with patient-specific complementarity- determining region 1 (CDR1) and CDR3 Ig-gene primers, tumor was detected in leukapheresis products from 8 to 14 unselected patients and ranged from 1.13 x 10(4) to 2.14 x 10(6) malignant cells/kg. After CD34 selection, residual tumor was detected in only three patients' products. Overall, a greater than 2.7- to 4.5-log reduction in contaminating multiple myeloma cells was achieved. CD34 PBPCs were infused 1 day after busulfan (14 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was used until hematologic recovery. The median time to both neutrophil and platelet recovery was 12 days (range, 11 to 16 days and 9 to 52 days, respectively). The median number of erythrocyte and platelet transfusions was 7 (range, 2 to 37) and 3 (range, 0 to 85), respectively. Patients receiving fewer than 2 x 10(6) CD34 cells/kg had significantly prolonged neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and an increased red blood cell and platelet transfusion requirement. Thus, CD34 selection of PBPCs markedly reduces tumor contamination in multiple myeloma and provides effective hematopoietic support for patients receiving myeloablative therapy.
Abstract 50: 2-Deoxy-2-halo-D-glucose derivatives inhibition of glycolysis in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most hypoxic and subsequently glycolytic tumors. Thus the inhibition of glycolysis appears to be an attractive therapeutic approach that should be explored. Methods: A series of 2-deoxy analogs of D-glucose, namely, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), 2-fluoro-D-glucose (2-FG), 2-chloro-D-glucose (2-CG), 2-bromo-D-glucose (2-BG), and 2,2-difluoro-D-glucose (2,2-diFG) were synthesized in our laboratory. The ability of 2-deoxy-2-halo-D-glucose derivatives to inhibit glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cell lines was tested using Seahorse 96 analyzer and XF Glycolysis Stress Test kit. The cellular ATP level was measured using CellTiter-Glo assay. Viability of cells cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions were assessed using MTS assay. Results: 2,2-diFG and 2-FG were significantly more potent inhibitors than 2-DG of the Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) of medium in oligomycin-stimulated PDAC cells (complete inhibition at Conclusion: Both, 2,2-diFG and 2-FG have a superior to 2-DG ability to inhibit glycolysis in vitro and should be further evaluated in vivo in the PDAC models as a potential anticancer agents. Citation Format: Rafal Zielinski, Izabela Fokt, Aleksandra Rusin, Stanislaw Skora, Waldemar Priebe. 2-Deoxy-2-halo-D-glucose derivatives inhibition of glycolysis in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 50.
Obama and the Armed Conflict with Al Qaeda and Its Associates

The chapter begins with an overview of adjustments the Obama administration made to the Bush administration’s counterterrorism policies. It then details the Obama administration’s approach to the detainees kept at Guantanamo and the treatment of new captures; describes the expansion of lethal targeting, both in the number of strikes and in the targeting of new groups; and points to the declining credibility, as seen from abroad, of the United States’ “war” frame. By accepting the foundational premise that the United States is at “war” with al Qaeda and its associates wherever they may operate, based on the 2001 AUMF, the Obama administration stayed on a path that eventually led to criticism for undue executive power and breaking international norms. In Obama’s second term, he broached the idea of repealing or narrowing the AUMF.
Receptor — Mediated Endocytosis and Receptor/Ligand Sorting

Receptors are macromolecules that cells embed in their lipid bilayer plasma membranes in order to bind particular extracellular macromolecules, or ligands. Typically glycoproteins, receptors possess an extracellular or ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular or cytoplasmic domain, as shown in Figure 2.1.
A comparative analysis of semi-supervised learning: The case of article selection for medical systematic reviews

While systematic reviews are positioned as an essential element of modern evidence-based medical practice, the creation of these reviews is resource intensive. To mitigate this problem, there have been some attempts to leverage supervised machine learning to automate the article triage procedure. This approach has been proved to be helpful for updating existing systematic reviews. However, this technique holds very little promise for creating new reviews because training data is rarely available when it comes to systematic creation. In this research we assess and compare the applicability of semi-supervised learning to overcome this labeling bottleneck and support the creation of systematic reviews. The results indicated that semi-supervised learning could significantly reduce the human effort and is a viable technique for automating medical systematic review creation with a small-sized training dataset.
The value of a combined word recognition and knowledge measure to understand characteristics of our patients' oral health literacy.

Objective The objective of the analysis was to examine the association between sociodemographic and dental understanding and utilization characteristics and lower oral health literacy (HL) and knowledge. Methods The cross-sectional Multicenter Oral Health Literacy Research Study (MOHLRS) recruited and interviewed 923 English-speaking, initial care-seeking adults. The questionnaire included participant sociodemographic characteristics, measures of the participant's understanding and utilization of dentistry, and two oral HL measures, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALM-D) and the Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (CMOHK), which were combined into a new composite HL and knowledge measure, the MOHLR-K. Results In adjusted multivariable analysis, persons who reported more understanding of dentist instructions had higher mean scores for all HL measures. Subjects reporting the highest level of understanding had greater scores by an average of 1.6 points for the MOHLR-K (95% CI: 0.85-2.40, P<.01), 2.11 points for REALMD-20 (95% CI: 0.75-3.48, P<.01) and 2.20 points for CMOHK (95% CI: 1.01-3.40, P<.01) after controlling for demographic and other dental understanding and utilization factors. Persons who reported history of tooth decay had higher MOHLR-K scores by an average of about 0.77 points (95% CI: 0.49-1.04, P<.01), higher REALMD-20 scores by 0.54 points (95% CI: 0.12-0.95, P=.01) and higher CMOHK scores by 1.22 points (95% CI: 0.82-1.63, P<.01) as compared to persons without tooth decay history after controlling for the other factors. Persons who had support all of the time for travel to the dentist had higher scores by an average of about 0.5 points for the MOHLR-K (95% CI: 0.04-0.96, P=.03) and about 0.89 points for the REALMD-20 (95% CI: 0-1.79, P=.05) as compared to subjects with no support after controlling for other factors. Report of periodontal history, financial challenges to delay a dental visit and dental utilization were not significantly associated with any of the HL measures once the other factors were adjusted for in the model. Conclusion The analysis confirmed that pronunciation of medical and dental terms may not fully reflect comprehension and revealed that understanding both patients’ sociodemographic and dental understanding and utilization factors, such as transportation to the dental office associated with lower oral HL and knowledge, could help the profession develop appropriate clear language programmes to improve access to dental care for vulnerable populations.
Effect of mass spectrometric sampling interface on the fundamental parameters of an inductively coupled plasma as a function of its operating conditions. Part II. Central-gas flow rate and sampling depth

Abstract The fundamental parameters of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) were measured by means of Thomson and Rayleigh scattering to study the changes induced by the presence of a mass spectrometer (MS) sampling cone. The electron number density ( n e ), electron temperature ( T e ), and gas-kinetic temperature ( T g ) upstream from the mass spectrometer sampler were followed while the central-gas flow rate and MS interface sampling depth were varied. The gas-kinetic temperature was found to decline at greater central-gas flow rates, an effect that was elevated in the presence of the MS interface. As the MS interface was brought closer to the ICP load coil, decreases in upstream plasma T g ensued. Overall, changes in the upstream fundamental parameters caused by the presence of the MS interface were found to depend on operating conditions.
Helping Students Make Informed Decisions About Transition Via Web-Based Resources:

Although there are many transitions that occur in a young person’s life, transition from high school to adulthood can be one of the most challenging. This transition requires autonomy and decision-...
Gold Nanoparticles and Radio Frequency Field Interactions: Effects of Nanoparticle Size, Charge, Aggregation, Radio Frequency, and Ionic Background

In this study, we investigated experimentally the dependency of radio frequency (rf) absorption by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on frequency (10 kHz to 450 MHz), NP size (3.5, 17, and 36 nm), charge of the ligand shell (positive amino and negative carboxylic functional groups), aggregation state, and presence of electrolytes (0–1 M NaCl). In addition, we examined the effect of protein corona on the rf absorption by AuNPs. For the first time, rf energy absorption by AuNPs was analyzed in the 10 kHz to 450 MHz rf range. We have demonstrated that the previously reported rf heating of AuNPs can be solely attributed to the heating of the ionic background and AuNPs do not absorb noticeable rf energy regardless of the NP size, charge, aggregation, and presence of electrolytes. However, the formation of protein corona on the AuNP surface resulted in rf energy absorption by AuNP–albumin constructs, suggesting that protein corona might be partially responsible for the heating of AuNPs observed in vivo. The optimal fr...
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Clinical Features and Basic Mechanisms

In slightly more than 10 years, anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has changed from a rare paraneoplastic syndrome to the most common cause of nonviral encephalitis. It presents fulminantly with progressive psychosis, seizures, and autonomic dysfunction, leading to death if untreated. However, rapid recognition and treatment can lead to survival and a return to baseline levels of functioning in many patients. While initially associated with ovarian teratomas, it is now associated with other tumors and can reflect a postviral event. The antibodies to the NMDAR made in this syndrome are pathogenic and are directed at the extracellular domain of the GluN1 subunit. Such antibodies lead to internalization of NMDARs in model systems, leading to a physiological state characterized by NMDAR hypofunction. Analogous disorders, characterized by antibodies to other synaptic receptors, present with neurological and psychiatric dysfunction and also appear to reflect antibody-induced internalization of receptors. However, this simple pathophysiology may be too simplistic to reflect the complexity of events in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Future scientific investigations may allow a more complete understanding of this disorder and improve treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.