cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sobre infraestructura. Reinhold Martin entrevistado por Pedro Correa y José Lemaitre

espanol?Que pasa si dejamos de hablar de infraestructura como un sustantivo? ?Por que no hablar de ‘lo infraestructural’, es decir, como un adjetivo que no refiere a las cosas sino a sus cualidades? Pero si lo hacemos, ?como leemos y evaluamos esas cualidades? Por ejemplo, ?en que difiere lo infraestructural en una ciudad de lo infraestructural de una conversacion alrededor de una mesa? Esta entrevista profundiza en estas preguntas hasta acercarnos a las infraestructuras del significado. EnglishWhat if we stop talking about infrastructure as a noun? What if we talk about 'the infrastructural,' that is, as an adjective that does not refer to things but rather to their qualities? But if we do so, how do we read and evaluate those qualities? For instance, how does the infrastructural of a city differ from the infrastructural of a conversation around a table? This interview deepens these questions until leaving us closer to the infrastructures of meaning.
Association of obesity phenotypes with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in the general population

Abstract Objective Increasing evidence doubts the benign nature of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). An investigation of the association of MHO and other obesity phenotypes with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), can give insight into the pathophysiological basis for increased risk of CVD linked to these phenotypes. Methods This analysis included 3997 participants (58.7 ± 13.6 years; 51.8% women) without CVD from the NHANES-III. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the cross-sectional association between 4 obesity phenotypes (metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO) (reference), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), MHO and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) with Cornell voltage ECG-LVH. Results There was an incremental increase in the prevalence of ECG-LVH across obesity phenotypes with the highest prevalence in the MUO followed by MHO, MUNO and then MHNO (ECG-LVH = 6.45%, 5%, 4.71%, and 1.69%, respectively, trend p-value Conclusions Obesity phenotypes including MHO are associated with ECG-LVH, thus further questioning the concept of benign obesity.
Peptide-Driven Fabrication of Catalytically Reactive Rhodium Nanoplates

Here we present the use of a well-known materials binding peptide for the generation of highly catalytically reactive Rh nanoplates. To this end, the A3 peptide, originally isolated with affinity f...
Use of Alternative Antiplatelet Agents for Clopidogrel Hypersensitivity

Clopidogrel is a widely used agent for secondary prevention of vascular events and is a cornerstone of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) post coronary stent implantation. Hypersensitivity reactions to clopidogrel are well documented and may range from localized to systemic in presentation. This can lead to discontinuation of therapy, thus increasing the risk of vascular events. The authors have developed recommendations for potential alternative agents for the management of clopidogrel hypersensitivity reactions. Proposed strategies include treatment with an alternative P2Y12 inhibitor, cilostazol or warfarin.
Conservative management of low-risk prostate cancer among young versus older men in the United States: Trends and outcomes from a novel national database.

12Background: The optimal management for men age ≤55 with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is debated given quality of life implications with definitive treatment versus potential missed opportunity ...
Chronic Knee Dislocations

Chronic knee dislocations are among the most complex set of knee pathologies managed by orthopedic surgeons. They represent a broad range of diagnoses that involve two to four injured collateral and/or cruciate ligaments. Also, there are frequent concomitant injuries to the posteromedial and posterolateral corners of the knee and the menisci with possible resultant malalignment, neurovascular injuries, and venous thromboses. These patients often present with a knee that is simultaneously stiff and unstable. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a reproducible way to determine a complete diagnosis followed by detailed nonsurgical and surgical management of the knee through the postoperative rehabilitation process.
An Introduction to the Rheology of Polymeric Liquids

Abstract Rheology may be described as the search for the accurate constitutive equations relating the stress to the deformation in a liquid or soft solid. For the tribologist working in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), rheology is an essential element; however, the need is mainly for an accurate description of the pressure, temperature, and shear dependence of the viscosity. Liquid failure is also important but is not a topic typically addressed in polymer rheology. Some lessons can be learned from polymer rheology; however, it should be noted that the stresses, normal, and shear, are much greater in EHL than are studied in polymer rheology and rheological effects are occurring in materials that are never considered to be of interest to polymer rheologists. In this chapter, those features of polymer rheology which might be of use to EHL are given a cursory introduction.
Analysis of two-color laser-induced electron emission from a biased metal surface using an exact quantum mechanical solution

Photoelectron emission from nanotips via strong-field lasers is a powerful technique for coherent control of ultrafast electron dynamics, and so is important in many areas, including time-resolved electron microscopy and free-electron lasers. The effects of dc bias are typically ignored, though. Exact solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation reveals that, under large dc bias, strong modulation persists in the emission current, the magnitude of which increases significantly. In the authors' model, the dynamics of the multiphoton excited states depend strongly on the applied dc field. This work suggests a practical approach to strong control of high-current photoemission.
UNIT 10.1B Quantitative Amino Acid Analysis

This overview unit describes the information that can be derived from quantitative amino acid analysis, presents some details on sample preparation, and gives examples of the calculations that are needed.
Survival and death of seeds during liquid nitrogen storage: a case study on seeds with short lifespans.

BACKGROUND The low temperature of liquid nitrogen is assumed to stop ageing and preserve viability indefinitely, however there are few validating data sets. The use of seeds to test these assumptions is important because other cryopreserved systems lack quantitative measures of viability to allow comparisons among timed points. OBJECTIVE To evaluate survival of a collection of seeds with short lifespans stored 12-20 years in liquid nitrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seeds from 11 species (26 accessions) were removed from cryostorage and evaluated for germination and normal growth. RESULTS Germination of Plantago cordata and Betula spp. seeds did not decrease significantly during cryostorage. However, Populus deltoides and most Salix spp. accessions showed a significant decrease in germination, with further loss observed when P. deltoides seedlings were followed to the young plant stage. Seeds of initial low quality showed greater deterioration during cryostorage. CONCLUSION Cryostorage maintained viability of Salix and Populus seeds longer than other temperatures. However, ageing was not completely stopped and seed longevity was shorter than that predicted for many other species. A high initial seed quality is important in order to obtain the maximum benefit of cryostorage.
Investigating complementary and competitive relationships between bikeshare service and public transit: a spatial-temporal framework

Public transit offers many socioeconomic and environmental benefits but often suffers from the first/last-mile problem. The emergence of bike-sharing systems promises to provide first/last-mile acc...
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Infrapopliteal Arterial Disease

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia represents end-stage peripheral artery disease. It is underdiagnosed; it relies on clinical symptoms and traditional noninvasive tests, which significantly underestimate the severity of disease. Innovative techniques, approaches, technologies, and risk-assessment tools have significantly improved our ability to treat these patients and to better understand their complex disease process. For patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia considered without options, the reengineering of deep venous arterialization procedures has shown promising results. Finally, the creation of interactive and multidisciplinary teams in centers of excellence is of paramount importance to significantly improve the care and outcomes of these patients.
A Novel Planar Ultra-Wideband Biconical Antenna

A novel planar ultra-wideband (UWB) biconical antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna design has been optimized for best performance in the range 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna has an omni-directional radiation pattern. The antenna has been manufactured and tested. It has a low profile and a small form factor. This antenna is suitable for use in wireless applications such as: UWB systems, sub-6 GHz 5G systems, and wearable wireless devices.
Modeling the Influence of Steel Mesh on Magnetic Proximity Detection Systems (PDSs) in Underground Coal Mines

To protect miners from pinning, crushing, and striking injuries, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) published a final rule in 2015 requiring underground coal mine operators to equip continuous mining machines (CMMs), except full-face CMMs, with proximity detection systems (PDSs). Currently all MSHA-approved PDSs are magnetic PDSs which can be affected by the presence of steel mesh that is commonly used in underground coal mines. In this paper, the influence of steel mesh on the performance of magnetic PDSs is investigated based on FEKO simulations. Particularly, we present a ferrite rod antenna model based on the parameters of an actual antenna used in a commercial PDS. We first validated the FEKO antenna model by showing that the simulated magnetic fields match well with the measured magnetic fields from the actual antenna. The validated antenna model was then added into a simulated mine entry (tunnel) with three meshed surfaces (i.e., left and right ribs/walls, and the roof). The simulated magnetic field distributions around the antenna with and without the steel mesh were compared. The results show that the presence of steel mesh increases the magnetic fields and causes equal-field lines to be further away from the field source. As a result, the size of the warning/stop zones of a PDS can be increased when the system is used in a meshed entry and false alarms could be generated. In addition, it is found that the equal-field lines are distorted in the meshed entry, particularly in the areas close to the mesh, which could lead to an inconsistent PDS performance. To avoid this inconsistency, PDSs should be kept at a minimum distance away from the steel mesh when possible.
Community-Based Participatory Research Interventions to Improve Diabetes Outcomes: A Systematic Review:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic evaluation of community-based participatory research (CBPR) interventions on diabetes outcomes. Understanding of effective CBPR interven...
UV fluorescence enhancement by aluminum and magnesium equilateral bowtie nanoantennas

The intrinsic fluorescence of biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids lies in the ultraviolet (UV) range of the spectrum. UV plasmonic nano-structures have been shown to enhance the fluorescence quantum yield and reduce the lifetimes of various biomolecules. Fluorescence enhancement is contributed to by both excitation rate and emission rate enhancement. Since biomolecules are prone to photon-degradation in the UV range, excitation rate enhancement should be minimized, while radiative rate enhancement should be maximized. Although numerous nano-structures have been proposed both numerically and experimentally to enhance the fluorescence of native biomolecules, very few studies have achieved more than 10x radiative rate enhancement. Here we report systematic studies of fluorescence enhancement by equilateral bowtie nano-antennas (BNA) made of aluminum (Al) or magnesium (Mg) in the ultraviolet region. We modeled the emission rate enhancement using the excitation and emission peak wavelength of tryptophan. The quantum yield of tryptophan is also taken into account. Our results show that with the optimal geometry, Al BNA with oxide yields an excitation enhancement of 21× at the excitation wavelength of tryptophan (270nm), a radiative enhancement of 37×, a quantum yield enhancement of 5×, and a net fluorescence count rate enhancement of 64× at the emission wavelength of tryptophan (340nm). Mg BNA with oxide sustains the highest Purcell factor enhancement, 14×. The effect of the native oxide layer on both metals is investigated. The studies reported here are meaningful in the design of better UV plasmonic nano-structures for label-free sensing of biomolecules.
Equity-Linked Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits with Dollar Cost Averaging

In this paper, we analyze a form of equity-linked Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB), whose payoff depends on a dollar cost averaging (DCA) style periodic investment in the risky index, with rider premiums paid at regular intervals. This rider is a very natural insurance vehicle for equity-linked variable annuities, and the DCA feature has a tendency to reduce the uncertainty associated with the final payoff, beyond the minimum benefit guaranteed to the beneficiary upon death of the insured. This makes the insurer risk easier to manage as the contract ages. From the policyholder's perspective , the protection is cheaper than a standard GMDB whose payoff depends solely on the risky index value upon death, but still offers the upside potential from an investment made at regular intervals. We derive closed-form valuation formulas under the fairly broad class of exponential Levy models for the risky index, which includes Black-Scholes as a special case. Closed-form valuation is provided by a fundamental link between this contract and a series of Asian options, for which valuation is well established. We provide several several valuation strategies, and demonstrate the soundness of the framework.
Growth in eligibility criteria content and failure to accrue among National Cancer Institute (NCI)-affiliated clinical trials.

1515Background: Cancer clinical trial accrual across diverse socioeconomic and demographic groups is a national priority, yet up to 20% of trials fail due to poor accrual. Eligibility criteria cont...
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of a Counter-flow Reactor at Lean Conditions

Heat recirculating reactors have many potential applications as thermal oxidizers, combustors, and fuel reformers due to their extensive operating range. Low emissions and fuel flexibility make suc...
The Growth in the Role of the Dollar as a Global Currency Power

This chapter focuses on the expansion in the role of the dollar as the dominant reserve currency following the break-down of the Bretton Woods system. This expansion reflected both the hegemonic power of the United States as the leading economy in the international system, as well as the decisions of countless traders and investors to use the dollar as the most convenient unit of account and medium of exchange for the conduct of international trade and financial transactions. The unique role of the United States as a global financial intermediary within the international financial system is also examined, along with the factors that have given rise to its “exorbitant privilege” within that system.
The Clinical Value of Patient Home Videos in Movement Disorders

Background: Numerous studies have shown the value of patient home video recordings within the field of epilepsy. Despite the growing influence of mobile technology and telemedicine, there is a paucity of studies examining the role of home videos in the diagnosis of movement disorders. Objective: To characterize the clinical value of patient home videos in a movement disorders practice. Methods: We performed a retrospective review from our video database over the past 10 years and identified 20 encounters where an in-person, clinic evaluation and studio video were supplemented by a home video. We reviewed these encounters to determine if the home video added additional value to the clinic video. The home videos were screened by 3 movement disorders attendings and 3 movement disorders fellows to assess for quality and to determine whether or not the patient phenomenology could accurately be identified. Results: Of the 20 videos identified, 10 (50%) were determined to be of additional clinical value. In 62.4% of evaluations movement disorders attendings and fellows were able to identify phenomenology from the home videos consistent with the final diagnosis. Videos rated as “poor” quality had significantly lower odds of leading to a correct phenomenology (odd ratio: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [0.01–0.72]) than those rated as “excellent” quality. Conclusions: Patients should be encouraged to produce good quality home videos, particularly in paroxysmal or fluctuating movement disorders, as they may add value to the eventual diagnosis and management.
Baladna Goes Global

Baladna is a dairy company in Qatar. It has thrived despite an ongoing political and economic blockade, helping the country to become self-sufficient in terms of its dairy needs. In a short time an...
Acoustic velocity and permeability of acidized and propped fractures in shale

ABSTRACTFrom geochemical reactions to proppant emplacement, hydraulic fracturing induces various chemomechanical fracture alterations in shale reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing through the injection...
Policy Liberalization and FDI Growth, 1982 to 2006

Over the last three decades the global economy has expanded in a remarkable fashion. While nominal world GDP has increased four times, world bilateral trade flows have grown more than six-fold, and the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown by roughly 20 times since 1980. The sources of global trade and investment growth are well known - general economic expansion, policy liberalization, and better communications and technology - but the impact of each source is unclear. In this paper we attempt to uncover the contribution of policy liberalization to the rising ratios of US inward and outward FDI stocks to GDP over the last three decades.The role of policy liberalization in fostering FDI expansion since the 1980s is murky. Policies related to FDI have undoubtedly been liberalized since the 1980s, but the changes are not easily quantified, making an assessment of their impact on FDI difficult. To get around this obstacle, we rely on stylized facts about US inward and outward FDI stocks and an unorthodox calculation method to approximate the role of policy liberalization on FDI growth.
5-Acetyl-2-amino-6-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile, methyl 6-amino-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate and tert-butyl 6-amino-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(1-naphthyl)-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate.

Syntheses and X-ray structural investigations have been carried out for the three title compounds, C 19 H 16 N 2 O 2 , (IIIa), C 19 H 16 N 2 O 3 , (IIIb), and C 22 H 22 N 2 O 3 , (IIIc), respectively. In molecules (IIIa) and (IIIc), the heterocyclic ring is practically flat, while in (IIIb) it adopts a flattened-boat conformation. In (IIIb) and (IIIc), the carbonyl group and a double bond of the heterocyclic ring are anti, but in (IIIa) they are syn and the carbonyl group participates in an intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond which forms a six-membered ring. In molecules (IIIa) and (IIIc), the dihedral angles between the naphthalene substituent and the flat heterocyclic ring are 96.4 (3) and 102.6(3)°, respectively. In (IIIb), the dihedral angle between the pseudo-axial naphthalene bicycle and the flat part of the pyran ring is 81.6 (3)°. In the crystal structure of (IIIa), intermolecular N-H...N and N-H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional framework. In (IIIb) and (IIIc), only one H atom of the NH 2 group takes part in an N-H...O hydrogen bond and infinite chains are formed along the a axis.
Zebrafish homolog of the leukemia gene CBFB: its expression during embryogenesis and its relationship to scland gata-1 in hematopoiesis

Mammalian CBFB encodes a transcription factor (CBFβ) that in combination with CBFα2 binds to specific DNA sequences and regulates expression of a number of hematopoietic genes.CBFB is associated with human leukemias through a chromosome 16 inversion and is essential for definitive hematopoiesis during mouse embryo development. We have isolated a zebrafishcbfb complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from a zebrafish kidney cDNA library. This cbfb is highly homologous to human and mouseCBFB/Cbfb genes at both the DNA and protein level. In biochemical analyses, cbfβ binds to human CBFα2 and enhances its DNA binding. During zebrafish development, cbfb is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm at tail bud stage and in the intermediate cell mass (ICM, the location of embryonic hematopoiesis) between the 21- to 26-somite stages. The cbfb is also expressed in Rohon-Beard cells, cranial nerve ganglia, hindbrain, retina, branchial arches, jaw, and fin buds. Expression ofcbfb is decreased or absent in the ICM and Rohon-Beard cells in some hematopoietic mutants and is unaffected in others. We have also analyzed the expression of scl andgata-1 in the same hematopoietic mutants to ascertain the relative order of these transcription factors to cbfb in zebrafish hematopoiesis. Our results indicate that cbfb is expressed in early hematopoietic progenitors and that its expression pattern in the hematopoietic mutants is similar to that ofscl.
The Enclosure and Alienation of Academic Publishing: Lessons for the Professoriate

This paper interrogates and situates theoretically from a Marxist perspective various aspects and tensions that inhere in the contemporary academic publishing environment. The focus of the article is on journal publishing. The paper examines both the expanding capitalist control of the academic publishing industry and some of the efforts being made by those seeking to resist and subvert the capitalist model of academic publishing. The paper employs the concepts of primitive accumulation and alienation as a theoretical register for apprehending contemporary erosions of the knowledge commons through the enclosure effects that follow in the wake of capitalist control of academic publishing. Part of my purpose with this discussion will be to advance the case that despite a relatively privileged position vis-a-vis other workers, academic cognitive labourers are caught up within and subject to the constraining and exploitative practices of capitalist production processes.
Cognitive Therapy Techniques for Children and Adolescents: Tools for Enhancing Practice

Beginnings. Using Assessment Efficiently. Psychoeducation. Behavioral Interventions. Self-instructional and Cognitive Restructuring Methods. Rational Analysis. Performance, Attainment, and Exposure. Final Points.
GRIP: a reconfigurable architecture for host-based gigabit-rate packet processing

One of the fundamental challenges for modern high-performance network interfaces is the processing capabilities required to process packets at high speeds. Simply transmitting or receiving data at gigabit speeds fully utilizes the CPU on a standard workstation. Any processing that must be done to the data, whether at the application layer or the network layer, decreases the achievable throughput. This paper presents an architecture for offloading a significant portion of the network, processing from the host CPU onto the network interface. A prototype, called the GRIP (Gigabit Rate IPSec) card, has been constructed based on an FPGA coupled with a commodity Gigabit Ethernet MAC. Experimental results based on the prototype are presented and analyzed. In addition, a second generation design is presented in the context of lessons learned from the prototype.
Shielding calculations for a positron emission mammography facility

2214 Objectives Positron emission mammography (PEM) is a new modality that is gaining use in nuclear medicine. Due to the high energy of F-18 FDG, one of the considerations for a PEM facility is shielding requirements. The objective of the study was to evaluate shielding requirements for a PEM suite in our facility. Methods Shielding calculations were performed utilizing PET shielding requirements as recommended by AAPM Task Group 108. Shielding requirements were calculated based on the following parameters: 10mCi FDG/patient; 10 patients/week; 60 minute uptake time/patient; and 40 minutes of imaging time/patient. Occupancy factor and regulatory requirements of 20 uSv/wk in unrestricted areas and 100 uSv/wk in restricted areas were utilized. Shielding calculations were performed for seven specific restricted and ancillary areas: two unrestricted hallways, three unrestricted offices, one restricted hallway, and an unrestricted office area above PEM suite. Results Calculated radiation levels in five defined unrestricted areas were: 15.0 uSv/wk, 10.4 uSv/wk, 8.2 uSv/wk, 26.5 uSv/wk, and 11.8 uSv/wk for hallway one, hallway two, office one, office two, and office three, respectively. Calculated radiation level above PEM suite was 18.5 uSv/wk due to shielding from concrete ceiling/floor. Radiation levels in unrestricted areas were below regulatory requirements of 20 uSv/wk. Calculated radiation level in the restricted hallway was 90.8 uSv/wk which was below regulatory requirements of 100 uSv/wk. Radiation levels in all areas specified were below regulatory requirements. Conclusions Shielding requirements for a PEM facility were calculated based on AAPM Task Group 108 recommendations. Based upon PEM suite parameters outlined, no additional shielding was required for the PEM facility.
HomeRF(TM)/sup //SWAP: a wireless voice and data system for the home

The HomeRF Working Group is an industry association comprised of over 100 companies from the computer, telecommunications, and consumer electronics industries. This group has developed an open specification for a voice and data network for the home called the Shared Wireless Access Protocol, or SWAP. The SWAP specification for wireless voice and data networking within the home will enable a new class of mobile consumer devices that draw from the power and content of the Internet and the Home PC. If cable modems and xDSL represent the "last mile" access to the home, then HomeRF's mission with SWAP: could be called the "very last 150 feet" within and around the home. HomeRF has the broad backing of the major corporate stakeholders for networking within the home and is optimized specifically for the cost/performance point needed for consumers. The technology leverages the existing PC-industry infrastructure around the Internet, TCP/IP and Ethernet and adds a standard way to connect to the PSTN for voice telephony. First products should appear in early 2000 and future versions with enhanced features and/or higher data rates should follow by 1-2 years.
A Concept Analysis of Patient‐Centered Care

Backround Patient-centered care (PCC) has moved to the forefront of health care over the last decade as a healthcare improvement recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Yet the term lacks clear definition among healthcare professionals. Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe a concept analysis using Walker and Avant's method as an organizing framework. In this review, nursing and interprofessional literature, including psychology, medicine, social science, physical therapy, and occupational therapy, are examined. Using research articles to delineate variables, multiple terms inherent to PCC are explored. Findings Findings suggest that PCC is integral to the provision of quality care, promoting positive outcomes for patients, organizations, and healthcare professionals. An operational definition of PCC, including attributes, antecedents, and consequences, is developed, and this definition correlates with Jean Watson's caring theory in nursing practice today. Model and contrary cases illustrate the concept. Practice Implications Defining measurable variables can link associated nursing care with improved patient outcomes. The need for further inquiry is discussed.
India's Immortal Comic Books: Gods, Kings, and Other Heroes

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Karline McLain Year: 2009 Pages: 256 Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 978-0-253-35277-4 (hard cover). Prices: $65.00 USD(hard cover).
High-yield activation of scaffold polymer surfaces to attach cell adhesion molecules.

Zirconium tetra(tert-butoxide) reacts with surface amide groups of polyamide nylon 6/6 to give (η2-amidate)zirconium complexes in high yield. These surface complexes react to bond the cell-adhesive peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) to the polymer surface. A surface loading of 0.18 nmol/cm2 of RGD is achieved, which is 20−1000 times higher than previously reported attainable on natural or synthetic polymers by other strategies. Approximately 40% of the nylon surface is covered by the RGD, which gives a surface that is both stable to hydrolysis and highly active for cell adhesion and spreading in vitro.
Combining behavioral and self-help approaches in the inpatient management of dually diagnosed patients

The combination of a token economy and a self-help model made it feasible to organize and maintain an intensive dual-diagnosis treatment program in a public municipal hospital acute psychiatric ward. The program described here, which integrates the token economy and 12-step approaches, fosters voluntary and active patient participation in the process of simultaneous recovery from mental illness and addiction; it also networks the patient with community resources. Implementation of the clinical program involved addressing multiple clinical and organizational obstacles, including a multihandicapped and often nonmotivated patient population, a lack of psychiatric staff trained in managing substance abuse, and the need to integrate mental health with substance abuse clinical interventions. The program has been operating more than 5 years and has treated more than 1,000 patients. As the token economy became an integral part of the ward routine, violence on the ward declined substantially, and patient participation in group activities increased significantly.
Analysis of polystyrene and carbon foam morphologies using proton beams

Abstract The energy distribution of a proton beam transmitted through low-density polystyrene and carbon foams is determined by the target morphology. The sensitivity in analyzing materials using scanning transmission ion microscopy and ion beam tomography is affected by the shape of the transmitted spectrum. For the measurements considered, a sufficiently high incident proton energy is used so that the principal energy loss mechanism is by electronic collisions. The passage of protons through such materials is simulated by a Monte Carlo code. The numerical calculation requires no adjustable parameters, but relies upon geometric models which characterize different foam cell structures. The effect of the morphology in a particular foam on the experimental proton transmission energy spectra can be derived using the code. We have also derived analytic expressions for the average material thickness and standard deviation corresponding to the Monte Carlo cell models. These expressions give insight into the functional dependence of the measured transmission spectrum in terms of the fundamental properties of the materials.
Newer-generation ventricular assist devices.

The latest generation of ventricular assist devices has evolved from the pulsatile, volume-displacement pumps of the 1990s to today's non-pulsatile, constant pressure-generating rotary pumps. These pumps include both centrifugal and axial flow devices that are currently being used or are in advanced development. Rotary pumps have the advantage of a much longer and more reliable duty life than pulsatile pumps. They are also considerably smaller than pulsatile pumps, requiring less invasive surgery for implantation and smaller transcutaneous (electrical rather than pneumatic) drivelines. Most of these devices have been approved as a bridge to transplant (BTT) while some are currently in trials for destination therapy (DT) in Europe (Conformite Europeenne (CE) mark) or the United States (Food and Drug Administration (FDA)). This article discusses the current generation of pumps, examining particular design features as highlighted by the designers as well as the current approval status of each device in the United States and Europe.
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING OF A DOSE CALCULATION MODEL FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF ADIRONDACK ACIDIC LAKES

A deterministic lake dose calculation model has been applied to estimate the quantity of Ca carbonate-based material needed to achieve a desired initial water chemistry in a whole lake treatment of two Adirondack acid lakes. The study lakes were treated with calcite during May 30–31, 1985.
Osteoarthritis of the elbow.

a m i e o i t w THE PATIENT A 46-year-old man reports elbow pain, stiffness, and intermittent locking for over 2 years without a history of prior injury. The pain is worst at terminal extension. Radiographs demonstrate moderate joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and multiple loose bodies within the anterior and posterior compartments (Fig. 1). He has elbow flexion from 50° to 125° with full pronation and supination. The patient desires long-term pain relief and improved motion.
Emissions Benefits from Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology in the U.S. Transit Bus Fleet

Alternative fuels and technologies offer potential for reducing emissions in public transportation. These potentials were explored by determining emissions levels and fuel consumption from the U.S. transit bus fleet and comparison of hypothetical scenarios in which implementation of specific alternative fuels and technologies is considered. Impacts from current transit bus procurements were also evaluated. Emissions benefits above and beyond the natural course of transit bus procurements were examined for new diesel buses running on ULSD fuel, diesel-electric hybrid buses, gasoline-electric hybrid buses, compressed natural gas and biodiesel. According to the analysis, reductions in emissions of CO, NMHC, NOx, PM and CO2, as well as fuel consumption, may be attained, and diesel hybrid buses yield the largest reductions in CO2 emissions and are the only technology to reduce fuel consumption relative to the present fleet. Introducing diesel-electric hybrid buses in 15% of the U.S. transit bus fleet would red...
Growth Stages of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract Uniform growth stage descriptions were developed for peanut based on visually observable vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) events. The V stage was determined by counting the number of developed nodes on the main stem, beginning with the cotyledonary node as zero. The last node counted must have its tetrafoliolate leaf sufficiently expanded so the leaflets are unfolded and flat in appearance. The R stages proposed are R1 (beginning bloom), R2 (beginning peg), R3 (beginning pod), R4 (full pod), R5 (beginning seed), R6 (full seed), R7 (beginning maturity), R8 (harvest maturity), and R9 (over mature pod). The V and R stages can be measured separately and concurrently and apply to populations or single plants. For populations, a given stage is reached when 50% of the plants sampled have achieved the specified node number or have one or more flowers, pegs, pods, or seeds exhibiting the specified trait. The stages apply to both Spanish and Virginia type cultivars. The proposed standard descriptions of...
Formulation of Selective Etch Chemistries for Silicon Dioxide–Based Films

Fluoride-containing solutions are widely used to etch silicon dioxide-based films. A critical issue in integrated circuit and microelectromechanical system device fabrication is the achievement of adequate selectivity during the etching of different film materials when they are present in different areas on a device or in a stack. The use of organic fluoride-based salts in aqueous/ organic solvent solutions can yield etch selectivities < 1.9 for thermally grown silicon dioxide relative to borophosphosilicate glass films and thus may also obviate the need to add surfactants to the etch solutions to realize uniform etching. Etch studies with aqueous-organic fluoride salt-based solutions also offer insight into the etch mechanism of these materials. Specifically, the importance of water content in the solutions and of ion solvation in controlling the etch chemistry is described.
Application of CCD Technology to Produce Imagery from Radar Data

A real-time aircraft synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image processor using charge-coupled device (CCD) technology has been developed. Both range and azimuth convolution are accomplished using CCD transversal filtering in the analog domain. The computational equivalency of a CCD transversal filter to comparatively more complex digital processing implementations provides significant reductions in processor power, weight, size, and cost requirements. This paper describes the results of the aircraft CCD SAR image-processor development work to date.
Thermotransport of tracer silver in solid indium

Thermotransport of 110mAg as tracer in solid indium has been measured by a steady-state technique. The experimental heat of transport was found to be Q = (+3.6 ± 0.8) kcal/mol. The subtraction, after qualitative assessment, of the relatively small contribution from heat carriers yields a positive intrinsic heat of transport, less than a third of the activation energy of diffusion. This is compatible with the classical theory of thermotransport for a mobility mechanism in which interstitials play a significant part; the results imply considerable effects of saddle-point cooperation. Mittels einer Stationarprofil-Methode wird der Thermotransport von 110mAg in festem Indium gemessen. Die experimentelle Uberfuhrungswarme wurde zu Q = (+ 3,6 ± 0,8) kcal/Mol bestimmt. Nach dem Abzug qualitativ abgeschatzter Warmetragerbeitrage ergibt sich ein positiver von den Diffusionsparametern gegebener Beitrag, der niedriger als ein Drittel der Diffusions-Aktivierungsenergie ist. Dies entspricht der klassischen Thermotransporttheorie unter der Voraussetzung, das Zwischengitteratome im Transportmechanismus von Bedeutung sin; die Ergebnisse deuten betrachtliche kooperative Wechselwirkungen im Sattelpunkt an.
Review of "Computational Grammar by Graeme D. Ritchie"; Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1980

This book was developed from the author's doctoral dissertation, in which he wrote a program that conducted natural language conversations in order to study the impact that computational linguistics has on developing descriptive grammar. Ritchie does much to show how difficult it is to develop a proper grammar, and thus gives an accurate reflection of the problems of computational linguistics by describing the state of descriptive linguistics and his application of it.
Working for families with dysfunctional children: An approach and structure for the first family therapy interview

A preplanned and structured format for conducting the first family treatment interview is presented in which the assessment task is seen as an opportunity to help a family succeed in constructively, coherently, and logically looking at itself, the “problem” child, and the problems with which it is attempting to deal. Strategies of modelling openness and competence are suggested. Building on the family's perceptions and plan in the empathic and respectful way is postulated as a way of avoiding power struggles and setting the stage for collaboration. The model is designed to provide a successful first session for the family and therapist, during which they complete a challenging task.
The Biasing Influence of a Police Showup: Does the Observation of a Single Suspect Taint Later Identification?

AU of the subjects viewed a videotape of a simulated crime, ostensibly real and photographed by a surveillance camera. After a short delay, approximately half of the subjects were shown a single photograph of an innocent suspect and told that he had been apprehended by the police. Five to seven days later, all of the subjects, including those who had not observed the showup, viewed a photographic lineup of six people. The proportion of subjects choosing the innocent suspect from the lineup was significantly higher in the group who had viewed the showup than in the control group who had not observed it. Of those subjects who had observed the showup and made a choice from a subsequent lineup, approximately 40% identified the innocent suspect as the perpetrator. These results indicate that a showup procedure is a biasing method of identification. A method of identification commonly used by the police is called the 'L~ho~~p" or "confrontation" (Wall, 1965). After a crime occurs, the police usually question the witness (or witnesses) and obtain a description of the culprit. The police may then apprehend someone matching the description given by the witness. A short time later, typically less than one hour, the witness observes the suspect and is asked if that person could be the one who committed the crime. This presentation of a single suspect is called a police showup. In most instances, the suspect is presented in person, although on rare occasions a photograph is used (Gonzalez, Ellsworth, & Pembroke, 1993). The showup is usually used as a preliminary method of identification in a police investigation; later the witness may view a lineup in which the suspect is present along with several innocent persons or foils. In the showup procedure the witness generally observes the suspect under highly incriminating circumstances. For instance, the individual in custody may be observed at or near the original crime scene, at times in handcuffs. In other instances the suspect may be observed in or beside a police car. At any rate it is usually obvious that the police consider the person a suspect in the crime.
Mechanical fuel treatment effects on vegetation in a New Mexico dry mixed conifer forest

While the main objective of many silvicultural treatments in the western US is to reduce fire potential, their effects on overstory regeneration, midstory and herbaceous communities is of importance to land managers. To quantify these effects, we measured overstory regeneration, midstory density by species, herbaceous biomass, species richness and cover in commercial and non-commercial treatments with differing slash prescriptions in dry mixed conifer stands of south central New Mexico. Results indicated that overstory regeneration and shrub density were not significantly affected by treatments, although they did increase at one site which appeared to be more mesic than the others. Herbaceous biomass increased 4 years post-treatment in one non-commercial scatter treatment and 3 years post-treatment in the commercial treatment. Species richness was not affected by any of the treatments. Cover of grasses and forbs remained low in all treatments. Soil cover increased in the commercial treatment; however, it decreased each year following treatment.
S.L.A. Marshall and the ratio of fire

(1988). S.L.A. Marshall and the ratio of fire. The RUSI Journal: Vol. 133, No. 4, pp. 63-71.
Two-stage photoautotrophic cultivation to improve carbohydrate production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract A two-stage strategy was developed to improve the microalgal carbohydrate accumulation for advanced biofuel production. In the first stage, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC125 was cultivated in photo-bioreactors by repeated fed batch operation to improve the biomass production. Optimal culture conditions achieved in the batch operation were applied to the repeated fed batch operation. Biomass productivity reached 0.47 g L −1 d −1 with 70% medium replacement ratio and 5% CO 2 under continuous light of 135 μmol m −2 s −1 . In the second stage, reducing CO 2 content to 0.04% led to a high carbohydrate content of 71%, showing more than 9 times improvement compared to that in the biomass from the first stage culture. These results suggest that photoautotrophic two-stage cultivation is an effective approach to accumulate microalgal carbohydrate as a feedstock for biofuel production.
A jellyfish-inspired jet propulsion robot actuated by an iris mechanism

A jellyfish-inspired jet propulsion robot (JetPRo) is designed, fabricated, and characterized with the objective of creating a fast-swimming uncrewed undersea vehicle. JetPRo measures 7.9?cm in height, 5.7?cm in diameter and is designed to mimic the proficient jetting propulsion mechanism used by the hydromedusa?Sarsia?tubulosa, which measures approximately 1?cm in diameter. In order to achieve the uniform-bell contraction used by S.?tubulosa, we develop a novel circumferential actuation technique based on a mechanical iris diaphragm. When triggered, this mechanism induces a volumetric change of a deformable silicone cavity to expel a jet of fluid and produces positive thrust. A theoretical jetting model is used to optimize JetPRo?s gait for maximum steady-state swimming velocity, a result achieved by minimizing the timing between the contraction and relaxation phases. We validate this finding empirically and quantify the swimming performance of the robot using video tracking and time resolved digital particle image velocimetry. JetPRo was able to produce discrete vortex rings shed before pinch off and swim upwards with a maximum steady-state velocity of 11.6?cm?s?1, outperforming current state-of-the-art robotic jellyfish in velocity as well as diameter-normalized velocity.
Markov Equilibria in Discounted Stochastic Games

Abstract We show that Markov perfect equilibrium exists for stochastic games which have transition probabilities that are Markovian and product measurable in past period's realisation of the states of nature and actions, and norm continuous in past period's actions. The transition probabilities are assumed to be absolutely continuous with respect to some measure ν t every period. We then show that if the stochastic game is stationary and the measure ν is nonatomic, then there exists a semi-Markov equilibrium strategy. Throughout the analysis the state space S is assumed to be a complete separable metric space and the action spaces A i of the players are assumed to be compact metric spaces and invariant over time. The payoff is the usual sum of the discounted payoffs received every period. Journal of Economic Theory Literature Classification Numbers: C62, C72, C73, D81.
Optimization methodology for electrospray evaporative cooling chambers

Abstract Electrospray evaporative cooling (ESEC) has been investigated as the potential thermal management solution for future electronics. However, the optimal heat transfer performance of ESEC chambers has not yet been thoroughly examined. This paper investigates optimal heat transfer performance of ESEC chambers with different geometry types. The geometry types affect the ESEC chambers' heat transfer performance in different ways. Although increasing the quantity of the micronozzles and the spacing between them does not improve the steady state heat transfer performance, a higher quantity of micronozzles with increased spacing noticeably enhances the transient cooling rate. Additionally, certain practical design issues are discussed.